diff --git a/rewrite-javascript/rewrite/src/javascript/comparator.ts b/rewrite-javascript/rewrite/src/javascript/comparator.ts
index ff7a9d49a5..4ccf1cd3e0 100644
--- a/rewrite-javascript/rewrite/src/javascript/comparator.ts
+++ b/rewrite-javascript/rewrite/src/javascript/comparator.ts
@@ -840,6 +840,17 @@ export class JavaScriptComparatorVisitor extends JavaScriptVisitor<J> {
         return this.visitElement(scopedVariableDeclarations, other as JS.ScopedVariableDeclarations);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Overrides the visitShebang method to compare shebangs.
+     *
+     * @param shebang The shebang to visit
+     * @param other The other shebang to compare with
+     * @returns The visited shebang, or undefined if the visit was aborted
+     */
+    override async visitShebang(shebang: JS.Shebang, other: J): Promise<J | undefined> {
+        return this.visitElement(shebang, other as JS.Shebang);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Overrides the visitStatementExpression method to compare statement expressions.
      * 
diff --git a/rewrite-javascript/rewrite/src/javascript/parser.ts b/rewrite-javascript/rewrite/src/javascript/parser.ts
index 29468c05ca..9eda467f43 100644
--- a/rewrite-javascript/rewrite/src/javascript/parser.ts
+++ b/rewrite-javascript/rewrite/src/javascript/parser.ts
@@ -366,6 +366,26 @@ export class JavaScriptParserVisitor {
             }
         }
 
+        let shebangStatement: J.RightPadded<JS.Shebang> | undefined;
+        if (prefix.whitespace?.startsWith('#!')) {
+            const newlineIndex = prefix.whitespace.indexOf('\n');
+            const shebangText = newlineIndex === -1 ? prefix.whitespace : prefix.whitespace.slice(0, newlineIndex);
+            const afterShebang = newlineIndex === -1 ? '' : '\n';
+            const remainingWhitespace = newlineIndex === -1 ? '' : prefix.whitespace.slice(newlineIndex + 1);
+
+            shebangStatement = this.rightPadded<JS.Shebang>({
+                kind: JS.Kind.Shebang,
+                id: randomId(),
+                prefix: emptySpace,
+                markers: emptyMarkers,
+                text: shebangText
+            }, {kind: J.Kind.Space, whitespace: afterShebang, comments: []}, emptyMarkers);
+
+            prefix = produce(prefix, draft => {
+                draft.whitespace = remainingWhitespace;
+            });
+        }
+
         return {
             kind: JS.Kind.CompilationUnit,
             id: randomId(),
@@ -374,7 +394,9 @@ export class JavaScriptParserVisitor {
             sourcePath: this.sourcePath,
             charsetName: bomAndTextEncoding.encoding,
             charsetBomMarked: bomAndTextEncoding.hasBom,
-            statements: this.semicolonPaddedStatementList(node.statements),
+            statements: shebangStatement
+                ? [shebangStatement, ...this.semicolonPaddedStatementList(node.statements)]
+                : this.semicolonPaddedStatementList(node.statements),
             eof: this.prefix(node.endOfFileToken)
         };
     }
diff --git a/rewrite-javascript/rewrite/src/javascript/print.ts b/rewrite-javascript/rewrite/src/javascript/print.ts
index 57f2f4c2a6..86d0639a4b 100644
--- a/rewrite-javascript/rewrite/src/javascript/print.ts
+++ b/rewrite-javascript/rewrite/src/javascript/print.ts
@@ -459,6 +459,13 @@ export class JavaScriptPrinter extends JavaScriptVisitor<PrintOutputCapture> {
         return variableDeclarations;
     }
 
+    override async visitShebang(shebang: JS.Shebang, p: PrintOutputCapture): Promise<J | undefined> {
+        await this.beforeSyntax(shebang, p);
+        p.append(shebang.text);
+        await this.afterSyntax(shebang, p);
+        return shebang;
+    }
+
     override async visitVariableDeclarations(multiVariable: J.VariableDeclarations, p: PrintOutputCapture): Promise<J | undefined> {
         await this.beforeSyntax(multiVariable, p);
         await this.visitNodes(multiVariable.leadingAnnotations, p);
diff --git a/rewrite-javascript/rewrite/src/javascript/rpc.ts b/rewrite-javascript/rewrite/src/javascript/rpc.ts
index 9bd41fd1ae..43423c7cbf 100644
--- a/rewrite-javascript/rewrite/src/javascript/rpc.ts
+++ b/rewrite-javascript/rewrite/src/javascript/rpc.ts
@@ -247,6 +247,11 @@ class JavaScriptSender extends JavaScriptVisitor<RpcSendQueue> {
         return scopedVariableDeclarations;
     }
 
+    override async visitShebang(shebang: JS.Shebang, q: RpcSendQueue): Promise<J | undefined> {
+        await q.getAndSend(shebang, el => el.text);
+        return shebang;
+    }
+
     override async visitStatementExpression(statementExpression: JS.StatementExpression, q: RpcSendQueue): Promise<J | undefined> {
         await q.getAndSend(statementExpression, el => el.statement, el => this.visit(el, q));
         return statementExpression;
@@ -828,6 +833,13 @@ class JavaScriptReceiver extends JavaScriptVisitor<RpcReceiveQueue> {
         return updateIfChanged(scopedVariableDeclarations, updates);
     }
 
+    override async visitShebang(shebang: JS.Shebang, q: RpcReceiveQueue): Promise<J | undefined> {
+        const updates = {
+            text: await q.receive(shebang.text)
+        };
+        return updateIfChanged(shebang, updates);
+    }
+
     override async visitStatementExpression(statementExpression: JS.StatementExpression, q: RpcReceiveQueue): Promise<J | undefined> {
         const updates = {
             statement: await q.receive(statementExpression.statement, el => this.visitDefined<Statement>(el, q))
diff --git a/rewrite-javascript/rewrite/src/javascript/tree.ts b/rewrite-javascript/rewrite/src/javascript/tree.ts
index d5e882bd9c..28c18957f6 100644
--- a/rewrite-javascript/rewrite/src/javascript/tree.ts
+++ b/rewrite-javascript/rewrite/src/javascript/tree.ts
@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@ export namespace JS {
         PropertyAssignment: "org.openrewrite.javascript.tree.JS$PropertyAssignment",
         SatisfiesExpression: "org.openrewrite.javascript.tree.JS$SatisfiesExpression",
         ScopedVariableDeclarations: "org.openrewrite.javascript.tree.JS$ScopedVariableDeclarations",
+        Shebang: "org.openrewrite.javascript.tree.JS$Shebang",
         StatementExpression: "org.openrewrite.javascript.tree.JS$StatementExpression",
         TaggedTemplateExpression: "org.openrewrite.javascript.tree.JS$TaggedTemplateExpression",
         TemplateExpression: "org.openrewrite.javascript.tree.JS$TemplateExpression",
@@ -449,6 +450,15 @@ export namespace JS {
         readonly variables: J.RightPadded<J>[];
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Represents a shebang line at the beginning of a script.
+     * @example #!/usr/bin/env node
+     */
+    export interface Shebang extends JS, Statement {
+        readonly kind: typeof Kind.Shebang;
+        readonly text: string;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Represents a statement used as an expression. The example shows a function expressions.
      * @example const greet = function  (name: string) : string { return name; };
diff --git a/rewrite-javascript/rewrite/src/javascript/visitor.ts b/rewrite-javascript/rewrite/src/javascript/visitor.ts
index 3579332759..c68b63b7d6 100644
--- a/rewrite-javascript/rewrite/src/javascript/visitor.ts
+++ b/rewrite-javascript/rewrite/src/javascript/visitor.ts
@@ -588,6 +588,14 @@ export class JavaScriptVisitor<P> extends JavaVisitor<P> {
         return updateIfChanged(scopedVariableDeclarations, updates);
     }
 
+    protected async visitShebang(shebang: JS.Shebang, p: P): Promise<J | undefined> {
+        const updates: any = {
+            prefix: await this.visitSpace(shebang.prefix, p),
+            markers: await this.visitMarkers(shebang.markers, p)
+        };
+        return updateIfChanged(shebang, updates);
+    }
+
     protected async visitStatementExpression(statementExpression: JS.StatementExpression, p: P): Promise<J | undefined> {
         const expression = await this.visitExpression(statementExpression, p);
         if (!expression?.kind || expression.kind !== JS.Kind.StatementExpression) {
@@ -1158,6 +1166,8 @@ export class JavaScriptVisitor<P> extends JavaVisitor<P> {
                     return this.visitSatisfiesExpression(tree as unknown as JS.SatisfiesExpression, p);
                 case JS.Kind.ScopedVariableDeclarations:
                     return this.visitScopedVariableDeclarations(tree as unknown as JS.ScopedVariableDeclarations, p);
+                case JS.Kind.Shebang:
+                    return this.visitShebang(tree as unknown as JS.Shebang, p);
                 case JS.Kind.StatementExpression:
                     return this.visitStatementExpression(tree as unknown as JS.StatementExpression, p);
                 case JS.Kind.TaggedTemplateExpression:
diff --git a/rewrite-javascript/rewrite/test/javascript/parser/shebang.test.ts b/rewrite-javascript/rewrite/test/javascript/parser/shebang.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..98ace8831a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rewrite-javascript/rewrite/test/javascript/parser/shebang.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2025 the original author or authors.
+ * <p>
+ * Licensed under the Moderne Source Available License (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * <p>
+ * https://docs.moderne.io/licensing/moderne-source-available-license
+ * <p>
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+import {RecipeSpec} from "../../../src/test";
+import {JS, javascript} from "../../../src/javascript";
+
+describe('shebang', () => {
+    const spec = new RecipeSpec();
+
+    test('shebang at beginning of file', () => spec.rewriteRun({
+        //language=javascript
+        ...javascript(
+            `
+                #!/usr/bin/env node
+                console.log("Hello, world!");
+                `),
+        afterRecipe: (cu: JS.CompilationUnit) => {
+            const firstStatement = cu.statements[0].element;
+            expect(firstStatement.kind).toBe(JS.Kind.Shebang);
+        }
+    }));
+});
diff --git a/rewrite-javascript/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/JavaScriptIsoVisitor.java b/rewrite-javascript/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/JavaScriptIsoVisitor.java
index c9116167a3..e641ba6a4c 100644
--- a/rewrite-javascript/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/JavaScriptIsoVisitor.java
+++ b/rewrite-javascript/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/JavaScriptIsoVisitor.java
@@ -248,6 +248,11 @@ public JS.ScopedVariableDeclarations visitScopedVariableDeclarations(JS.ScopedVa
         return (JS.ScopedVariableDeclarations) super.visitScopedVariableDeclarations(scopedVariableDeclarations, p);
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public JS.Shebang visitShebang(JS.Shebang shebang, P p) {
+        return (JS.Shebang) super.visitShebang(shebang, p);
+    }
+
     @Override
     public JS.StatementExpression visitStatementExpression(JS.StatementExpression expression, P p) {
         return (JS.StatementExpression) super.visitStatementExpression(expression, p);
diff --git a/rewrite-javascript/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/JavaScriptVisitor.java b/rewrite-javascript/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/JavaScriptVisitor.java
index 975be5c1cb..b12579c03a 100644
--- a/rewrite-javascript/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/JavaScriptVisitor.java
+++ b/rewrite-javascript/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/JavaScriptVisitor.java
@@ -447,6 +447,12 @@ public J visitScopedVariableDeclarations(JS.ScopedVariableDeclarations scopedVar
         return vd.getPadding().withVariables(requireNonNull(ListUtils.map(vd.getPadding().getVariables(), e -> visitRightPadded(e, JsRightPadded.Location.SCOPED_VARIABLE_DECLARATIONS_VARIABLE, p))));
     }
 
+    public J visitShebang(JS.Shebang shebang, P p) {
+        JS.Shebang s = shebang;
+        s = s.withPrefix(visitSpace(s.getPrefix(), JsSpace.Location.SHEBANG_PREFIX, p));
+        return s.withMarkers(visitMarkers(s.getMarkers(), p));
+    }
+
     public J visitStatementExpression(JS.StatementExpression expression, P p) {
         JS.StatementExpression se = expression;
         Expression temp = (Expression) visitExpression(se, p);
diff --git a/rewrite-javascript/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/internal/rpc/JavaScriptReceiver.java b/rewrite-javascript/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/internal/rpc/JavaScriptReceiver.java
index ccdc8d6432..5f9d84bcd7 100644
--- a/rewrite-javascript/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/internal/rpc/JavaScriptReceiver.java
+++ b/rewrite-javascript/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/internal/rpc/JavaScriptReceiver.java
@@ -284,6 +284,12 @@ public J visitScopedVariableDeclarations(JS.ScopedVariableDeclarations scopedVar
                 .getPadding().withVariables(q.receiveList(scopedVariableDeclarations.getPadding().getVariables(), el -> visitRightPadded(el, q)));
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public J visitShebang(JS.Shebang shebang, RpcReceiveQueue q) {
+        return shebang
+                .withText(q.receive(shebang.getText()));
+    }
+
     @Override
     public J visitStatementExpression(JS.StatementExpression statementExpression, RpcReceiveQueue q) {
         return statementExpression
diff --git a/rewrite-javascript/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/internal/rpc/JavaScriptSender.java b/rewrite-javascript/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/internal/rpc/JavaScriptSender.java
index 5f5b541038..0a6297455f 100644
--- a/rewrite-javascript/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/internal/rpc/JavaScriptSender.java
+++ b/rewrite-javascript/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/internal/rpc/JavaScriptSender.java
@@ -274,6 +274,12 @@ public J visitScopedVariableDeclarations(JS.ScopedVariableDeclarations scopedVar
         return scopedVariableDeclarations;
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public J visitShebang(JS.Shebang shebang, RpcSendQueue q) {
+        q.getAndSend(shebang, JS.Shebang::getText);
+        return shebang;
+    }
+
     @Override
     public J visitStatementExpression(JS.StatementExpression statementExpression, RpcSendQueue q) {
         q.getAndSend(statementExpression, JS.StatementExpression::getStatement, el -> visit(el, q));
diff --git a/rewrite-javascript/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/internal/rpc/JavaScriptValidator.java b/rewrite-javascript/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/internal/rpc/JavaScriptValidator.java
index 347bd94a21..f5704487a0 100644
--- a/rewrite-javascript/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/internal/rpc/JavaScriptValidator.java
+++ b/rewrite-javascript/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/internal/rpc/JavaScriptValidator.java
@@ -258,6 +258,11 @@ public JS.ScopedVariableDeclarations visitScopedVariableDeclarations(JS.ScopedVa
         return scopedVariableDeclarations;
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public JS.Shebang visitShebang(JS.Shebang shebang, P p) {
+        return shebang;
+    }
+
     @Override
     public JS.StatementExpression visitStatementExpression(JS.StatementExpression statementExpression, P p) {
         visitAndValidateNonNull(statementExpression.getStatement(), Statement.class, p);
diff --git a/rewrite-javascript/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/tree/JS.java b/rewrite-javascript/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/tree/JS.java
index e9d80a3f7e..5d249f0522 100644
--- a/rewrite-javascript/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/tree/JS.java
+++ b/rewrite-javascript/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/tree/JS.java
@@ -2611,6 +2611,31 @@ public ScopedVariableDeclarations withVariables(List<JRightPadded<J>> variables)
         }
     }
 
+    @FieldDefaults(makeFinal = true, level = AccessLevel.PRIVATE)
+    @EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = false, onlyExplicitlyIncluded = true)
+    @Data
+    @With
+    final class Shebang implements JS, Statement {
+
+        @EqualsAndHashCode.Include
+        UUID id;
+
+        Space prefix;
+        Markers markers;
+        String text;
+
+        @Override
+        public <P> J acceptJavaScript(JavaScriptVisitor<P> v, P p) {
+            return v.visitShebang(this, p);
+        }
+
+        @Transient
+        @Override
+        public CoordinateBuilder.Statement getCoordinates() {
+            return new CoordinateBuilder.Statement(this);
+        }
+    }
+
     @Getter
     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
     @FieldDefaults(makeFinal = true, level = AccessLevel.PRIVATE)
diff --git a/rewrite-javascript/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/tree/JsSpace.java b/rewrite-javascript/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/tree/JsSpace.java
index 04832c60d4..d590340295 100644
--- a/rewrite-javascript/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/tree/JsSpace.java
+++ b/rewrite-javascript/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/javascript/tree/JsSpace.java
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ public enum Location {
         SCOPED_VARIABLE_DECLARATIONS_PREFIX,
         SCOPED_VARIABLE_DECLARATIONS_SCOPE_PREFIX,
         SCOPED_VARIABLE_DECLARATIONS_VARIABLE_SUFFIX,
+        SHEBANG_PREFIX,
         TAG_SUFFIX,
         TEMPLATE_EXPRESSION_PREFIX,
         TEMPLATE_EXPRESSION_SPAN_PREFIX,