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class="published-updated"><time>December 01, 2021</time></div></div></div><div class="wp-block-column"></div></div><div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-right">
<div class="wp-block-column">
<p>Historically, CO<sub>2</sub> emissions have been <a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co2-emissions-vs-gdp">strongly correlated with</a> how much money we have. This is particularly true at low-to-middle incomes. The richer we are, the more CO<sub>2</sub> we emit. This is because we use more energy – which often comes from burning fossil fuels. </p>
<p>But this relationship no longer holds true at higher incomes. Many countries have managed to achieve economic growth while <em>reducing</em> emissions. They have decoupled the two.</p>
<p>Take the UK as an example. It is shown in the chart. This chart shows the change in GDP and annual CO<sub>2</sub> emissions per capita since 1990. We see that the UK’s GDP has increased a lot over the last 30 years, while its emissions have fallen. You can also see the data <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co2-emissions-and-gdp?country=~GBR" target="_blank">without per capita adjustments</a>.</p>
<p>It’s not just the UK. Many other countries have achieved this decoupling. Using the “Change country” button on the chart, you can see this for yourself. France, Germany, Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Italy, Czechia and Romania are some examples of countries where we see this.</p>
<p>More countries have managed to decouple more recently. Emissions in the US, for example, increased substantially in the 1990s. This means that its emissions today are still higher than in 1990. But if we look at the change since 2000 <em>[you can do this by adjusting the time-slider on the bottom of the chart] </em>we see a large drop in emissions alongside a rise in GDP. It’s only over the last 20 years that this decoupling has started to happen.</p>
<p>There are two key reasons why emissions have fallen in these countries. First, some countries <a href="https://ourworldindata.org/energy-offshoring">have managed to</a> decouple <em>energy use</em> and economic growth. GDP has increased while total energy use has remained flat, or even fallen. But the second is the most important: countries <a href="https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/energy?facet=none&country=USA~GBR~CHN~OWID_WRL~IND~BRA~ZAF&Total+or+Breakdown=Select+a+source&Select+a+source=Low-carbon&Energy+or+Electricity=Primary+energy&Metric=Share+of+total">are replacing</a> fossil fuels with low-carbon energy. We can produce more energy, without the emissions that used to come with it.</p>
<p>It would be wrong to assume that this reduction in emissions in rich countries was <em>only</em> achieved by offshoring production overseas – by transferring emissions to manufacturing economies such as China and India. In the chart we see that <a href="https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/co2?tab=map&facet=none&country=CHN~USA~IND~GBR~OWID_WRL&Gas=CO%E2%82%82&Accounting=Consumption-based&Fuel=Total&Count=Per+country">consumption-based emissions</a> – which adjust for emissions from goods that are imported or exported – have also fallen. Some emissions have been exported overseas, but this is not the only driver of this decline.</p>
<p>These countries show that economic growth is not incompatible with reducing emissions. </p>
<p>A key question is whether we can decarbonize fast enough, and across more countries. The continued <a href="https://ourworldindata.org/cheap-renewables-growth">decline in the cost</a> of low-carbon technologies makes this acceleration more realistic every day.</p>
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<figure data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co2-emissions-and-gdp-per-capita?time=1750..2019&country=~GBR" class="grapherPreview">
<a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co2-emissions-and-gdp-per-capita?time=1750..2019&country=~GBR" target="_blank">
<div><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/exports/co2-emissions-and-gdp-per-capita-a0f1220dac763270680545124a338a37_v32_850x600.svg" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="" alt="Co2 emissions and gdp per capita a0f1220dac763270680545124a338a37 v32 850x600"></div>
<div class="interactionNotice">
<span class="icon"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="hand-pointer" class="svg-inline--fa fa-hand-pointer fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 617">
<path fill="currentColor" d="M448,344.59v96a40.36,40.36,0,0,1-1.06,9.16l-32,136A40,40,0,0,1,376,616.59H168a40,40,0,0,1-32.35-16.47l-128-176a40,40,0,0,1,64.7-47.06L104,420.58v-276a40,40,0,0,1,80,0v200h8v-40a40,40,0,1,1,80,0v40h8v-24a40,40,0,1,1,80,0v24h8a40,40,0,1,1,80,0Zm-256,80h-8v96h8Zm88,0h-8v96h8Zm88,0h-8v96h8Z" transform="translate(0 -0.41)"></path>
<path fill="currentColor" opacity="0.6" d="M239.76,234.78A27.5,27.5,0,0,1,217,192a87.76,87.76,0,1,0-145.9,0A27.5,27.5,0,1,1,25.37,222.6,142.17,142.17,0,0,1,1.24,143.17C1.24,64.45,65.28.41,144,.41s142.76,64,142.76,142.76a142.17,142.17,0,0,1-24.13,79.43A27.47,27.47,0,0,1,239.76,234.78Z" transform="translate(0 -0.41)"></path>
</svg></span>
<span class="label">Click to open interactive version</span>
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</a>
</figure>
<h5>Related charts</h5>
<div class="block-wrapper"><div class="wp-block-owid-prominent-link with-image" data-no-lightbox="true" data-style="is-style-thin" data-title="Changes in GDP vs. changes in CO₂ emissions (total, not per capita)"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co2-emissions-and-gdp?country=~GBR" target="_blank"><figure><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/exports/co2-emissions-and-gdp.svg" alt="Co2 emissions and gdp" loading="lazy"></figure><div class="content-wrapper"><div class="title"><span>Changes in GDP vs. changes in CO₂ emissions (total, not per capita)</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6l-160 160C272.4 444.9 264.2 448 256 448s-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25L338.8 288H32C14.33 288 .0016 273.7 .0016 256S14.33 224 32 224h306.8l-105.4-105.4c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0l160 160C451.1 245.9 451.1 266.1 438.6 278.6z"></path></svg></div></div></a></div></div>
<div class="block-wrapper"><div class="wp-block-owid-prominent-link with-image" data-no-lightbox="true" data-style="is-style-thin" data-title="Changes in GDP vs. changes in CO₂ emissions over centuries"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co2-emissions-and-gdp-long-term?time=1890..latest&country=~DEU" target="_blank"><figure><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/exports/co2-emissions-and-gdp-long-term.svg" alt="Co2 emissions and gdp long term" loading="lazy"></figure><div class="content-wrapper"><div class="title"><span>Changes in GDP vs. changes in CO₂ emissions over centuries</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6l-160 160C272.4 444.9 264.2 448 256 448s-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25L338.8 288H32C14.33 288 .0016 273.7 .0016 256S14.33 224 32 224h306.8l-105.4-105.4c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0l160 160C451.1 245.9 451.1 266.1 438.6 278.6z"></path></svg></div></div></a></div></div></div>
</div><div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-right"><div class="wp-block-column"><hr class="wp-block-separator"></div><div class="wp-block-column"></div></div><div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-right"><div class="wp-block-column"><h4 id="related">Related<a class="deep-link" href="#related"></a></h4></div><div class="wp-block-column"></div></div><div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-right"><div class="wp-block-column"><div class="block-wrapper"><div class="wp-block-owid-prominent-link with-image" data-no-lightbox="true" data-style="is-style-thin" data-title="CO₂ and Greenhouse Gas Emissions"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/co2-and-other-greenhouse-gas-emissions"><figure><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2020/08/CO2-Landing-page-150x79.png" data-high-res-src="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2020/08/CO2-Landing-page.png" alt="Co2 landing page" loading="lazy"></figure><div class="content-wrapper"><div class="title"><span>CO₂ and Greenhouse Gas Emissions</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6l-160 160C272.4 444.9 264.2 448 256 448s-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25L338.8 288H32C14.33 288 .0016 273.7 .0016 256S14.33 224 32 224h306.8l-105.4-105.4c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0l160 160C451.1 245.9 451.1 266.1 438.6 278.6z"></path></svg></div></div></a></div></div><div class="block-wrapper"><div class="wp-block-owid-prominent-link with-image" data-no-lightbox="true" data-style="is-style-thin" data-title="A number of countries have decoupled economic growth from energy use, even if we take offshored production into account"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/energy-gdp-decoupling"><figure><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/11/energy-decoupling-thumbnail-150x59.png" data-high-res-src="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/11/energy-decoupling-thumbnail.png" alt="Energy decoupling thumbnail" loading="lazy"></figure><div class="content-wrapper"><div class="title"><span>A number of countries have decoupled economic growth from energy use, even if we take offshored production into account</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6l-160 160C272.4 444.9 264.2 448 256 448s-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25L338.8 288H32C14.33 288 .0016 273.7 .0016 256S14.33 224 32 224h306.8l-105.4-105.4c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0l160 160C451.1 245.9 451.1 266.1 438.6 278.6z"></path></svg></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="wp-block-column"></div></div></section>
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