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<!doctype html><html><head><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/><title>Biodiversity - Our World in Data</title><meta name="description" content="Explore the diversity of wildlife across the planet. What are species threatened with? What can we do to prevent biodiversity loss?"/><link rel="canonical" href="https://ourworldindata.org/biodiversity"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="/atom.xml"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/apple-touch-icon.png"/><meta property="fb:app_id" content="1149943818390250"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://ourworldindata.org/biodiversity"/><meta property="og:title" content="Biodiversity"/><meta property="og:description" content="Explore the diversity of wildlife across the planet. What are species threatened with? What can we do to prevent biodiversity loss?"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://ourworldindata.org/app/uploads/2021/03/Biodiversity-thumbnail-768x404.png"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="Our World in Data"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta name="twitter:site" content="@OurWorldInData"/><meta name="twitter:creator" content="@OurWorldInData"/><meta name="twitter:title" content="Biodiversity"/><meta name="twitter:description" content="Explore the diversity of wildlife across the planet. What are species threatened with? What can we do to prevent biodiversity loss?"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://ourworldindata.org/app/uploads/2021/03/Biodiversity-thumbnail-768x404.png"/><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:300,400,400i,700,700i|Playfair+Display:400,700&display=swap" rel="stylesheet"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://ourworldindata.org/assets/commons.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://ourworldindata.org/assets/owid.css"/><meta name="citation_title" content="Biodiversity"/><meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://ourworldindata.org/biodiversity"/><meta name="citation_fulltext_world_readable" content=""/><meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2021/04/15"/><meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Our World in Data"/><meta name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="Our World in Data"/><meta name="citation_author" content="Hannah Ritchie"/><meta name="citation_author" content="Max Roser"/></head><body class=""><header class="site-header"><div class="wrapper site-navigation-bar"><div class="site-logo"><a href="/">Our World<br/> in Data</a></div><nav class="site-navigation"><div class="topics-button-wrapper"><a href="/#entries" class="topics-button"><div class="label">Articles <br/><strong>by topic</strong></div><div class="icon"><svg width="12" height="6"><path d="M0,0 L12,0 L6,6 Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></div></a></div><div><div class="site-primary-navigation"><form class="HeaderSearch" action="/search" method="GET"><input type="search" name="q" placeholder="Search..."/><div class="icon"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="magnifying-glass" class="svg-inline--fa fa-magnifying-glass " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M500.3 443.7l-119.7-119.7c27.22-40.41 40.65-90.9 33.46-144.7C401.8 87.79 326.8 13.32 235.2 1.723C99.01-15.51-15.51 99.01 1.724 235.2c11.6 91.64 86.08 166.7 177.6 178.9c53.8 7.189 104.3-6.236 144.7-33.46l119.7 119.7c15.62 15.62 40.95 15.62 56.57 0C515.9 484.7 515.9 459.3 500.3 443.7zM79.1 208c0-70.58 57.42-128 128-128s128 57.42 128 128c0 70.58-57.42 128-128 128S79.1 278.6 79.1 208z"></path></svg></div></form><ul class="site-primary-links"><li><a href="/blog" data-track-note="header-navigation">Latest</a></li><li><a href="/about" data-track-note="header-navigation">About</a></li><li><a href="/donate" data-track-note="header-navigation">Donate</a></li></ul></div><div class="site-secondary-navigation"><ul class="site-secondary-links"><li><a href="/charts" data-track-note="header-navigation">All charts</a></li><li><a href="https://sdg-tracker.org" data-track-note="header-navigation">Sustainable Development Goals Tracker</a></li></ul></div></div></nav><div class="header-logos-wrapper"><a href="https://www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/global-development" class="oxford-logo"><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/oms-logo.svg" alt="Oxford Martin School logo"/></a><a 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data-icon="envelope-open-text" class="svg-inline--fa fa-envelope-open-text " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 417.1c-16.38 0-32.88-4.1-46.88-15.12L0 250.9v213.1C0 490.5 21.5 512 48 512h416c26.5 0 48-21.5 48-47.1V250.9l-209.1 151.1C288.9 412 272.4 417.1 256 417.1zM493.6 163C484.8 156 476.4 149.5 464 140.1v-44.12c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48l-77.5 .0016c-3.125-2.25-5.875-4.25-9.125-6.5C312.6 29.13 279.3-.3732 256 .0018C232.8-.3732 199.4 29.13 182.6 41.5c-3.25 2.25-6 4.25-9.125 6.5L96 48c-26.5 0-48 21.5-48 48v44.12C35.63 149.5 27.25 156 18.38 163C6.75 172 0 186 0 200.8v10.62l96 69.37V96h320v184.7l96-69.37V200.8C512 186 505.3 172 493.6 163zM176 255.1h160c8.836 0 16-7.164 16-15.1c0-8.838-7.164-16-16-16h-160c-8.836 0-16 7.162-16 16C160 248.8 167.2 255.1 176 255.1zM176 191.1h160c8.836 0 16-7.164 16-16c0-8.838-7.164-15.1-16-15.1h-160c-8.836 0-16 7.162-16 15.1C160 184.8 167.2 191.1 176 191.1z"></path></svg></button><button data-track-note="mobile-hamburger-button"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="bars" class="svg-inline--fa fa-bars " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.33 14.33 64 32 64H416C433.7 64 448 78.33 448 96C448 113.7 433.7 128 416 128H32C14.33 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256C0 238.3 14.33 224 32 224H416C433.7 224 448 238.3 448 256C448 273.7 433.7 288 416 288H32C14.33 288 0 273.7 0 256zM416 448H32C14.33 448 0 433.7 0 416C0 398.3 14.33 384 32 384H416C433.7 384 448 398.3 448 416C448 433.7 433.7 448 416 448z"></path></svg></button></div></div></header><div class="alert-banner"><div class="content"><div class="text"><strong>COVID-19 vaccinations, cases, excess mortality, and much more</strong></div><a href="/coronavirus#explore-the-global-situation" data-track-note="covid-banner-click">Explore our COVID-19 data</a></div></div><main><article class="page no-sidebar large-banner"><div class="offset-header"><header class="article-header"><div class="article-titles"><h1 class="entry-title">Biodiversity</h1><div class="breadcrumb"><a href="/">Home</a><span class="separator"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="angle-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-angle-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 256 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M64 448c-8.188 0-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25L178.8 256L41.38 118.6c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0l160 160c12.5 12.5 12.5 32.75 0 45.25l-160 160C80.38 444.9 72.19 448 64 448z"></path></svg></span><span>Biodiversity</span></div></div><div class="authors-byline"><a href="/team">by Hannah Ritchie and Max Roser</a></div><div class="tools"><a href="#licence"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="creative-commons" class="svg-inline--fa fa-creative-commons " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M245.8 214.9l-33.22 17.28c-9.43-19.58-25.24-19.93-27.46-19.93-22.13 0-33.22 14.61-33.22 43.84 0 23.57 9.21 43.84 33.22 43.84 14.47 0 24.65-7.09 30.57-21.26l30.55 15.5c-6.17 11.51-25.69 38.98-65.1 38.98-22.6 0-73.96-10.32-73.96-77.05 0-58.69 43-77.06 72.63-77.06 30.72-.01 52.7 11.95 65.99 35.86zm143.1 0l-32.78 17.28c-9.5-19.77-25.72-19.93-27.9-19.93-22.14 0-33.22 14.61-33.22 43.84 0 23.55 9.23 43.84 33.22 43.84 14.45 0 24.65-7.09 30.54-21.26l31 15.5c-2.1 3.75-21.39 38.98-65.09 38.98-22.69 0-73.96-9.87-73.96-77.05 0-58.67 42.97-77.06 72.63-77.06 30.71-.01 52.58 11.95 65.56 35.86zM247.6 8.05C104.7 8.05 0 123.1 0 256c0 138.5 113.6 248 247.6 248 129.9 0 248.4-100.9 248.4-248 0-137.9-106.6-248-248.4-248zm.87 450.8c-112.5 0-203.7-93.04-203.7-202.8 0-105.4 85.43-203.3 203.7-203.3 112.5 0 202.8 89.46 202.8 203.3-.01 121.7-99.68 202.8-202.8 202.8z"></path></svg>Reuse our work freely</a><a href="#citation"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="book" class="svg-inline--fa fa-book " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M448 336v-288C448 21.49 426.5 0 400 0H96C42.98 0 0 42.98 0 96v320c0 53.02 42.98 96 96 96h320c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-31.1c0-11.72-6.607-21.52-16-27.1v-81.36C441.8 362.8 448 350.2 448 336zM143.1 128h192C344.8 128 352 135.2 352 144C352 152.8 344.8 160 336 160H143.1C135.2 160 128 152.8 128 144C128 135.2 135.2 128 143.1 128zM143.1 192h192C344.8 192 352 199.2 352 208C352 216.8 344.8 224 336 224H143.1C135.2 224 128 216.8 128 208C128 199.2 135.2 192 143.1 192zM384 448H96c-17.67 0-32-14.33-32-32c0-17.67 14.33-32 32-32h288V448z"></path></svg>Cite this research</a></div></header></div><div class="offset-subnavigation"><div class="site-subnavigation"><div class="site-subnavigation-scroll"><ul class="site-subnavigation-links"><li class="current highlight"><a href="/biodiversity" data-track-note="biodiversity-subnav-biodiversity">Biodiversity<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="chevron-left" class="svg-inline--fa fa-chevron-left " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M224 480c-8.188 0-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375l-192-192c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25l192-192c12.5-12.5 32.75-12.5 45.25 0s12.5 32.75 0 45.25L77.25 256l169.4 169.4c12.5 12.5 12.5 32.75 0 45.25C240.4 476.9 232.2 480 224 480z"></path></svg></a></li><li class=""><a href="/biodiversity-and-wildlife" data-track-note="biodiversity-subnav-biodiversity-and-wildlife">Biodiversity and Wildlife</a></li><li class=""><a href="/mammals" data-track-note="biodiversity-subnav-mammals">Mammals</a></li><li class=""><a href="/birds" data-track-note="biodiversity-subnav-birds">Birds</a></li><li class=""><a href="/fish-and-overfishing" data-track-note="biodiversity-subnav-fish">Fish and Overfishing</a></li><li class=""><a href="/coral-reefs" data-track-note="biodiversity-subnav-coral-reefs">Coral reefs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/living-planet-index" data-track-note="biodiversity-subnav-living-planet-index">Living Planet Index</a></li><li class=""><a href="/extinctions" data-track-note="biodiversity-subnav-extinctions">Extinctions</a></li><li class=""><a href="/threats-to-wildlife" data-track-note="biodiversity-subnav-threats-to-wildlife">Threats to Wildlife</a></li><li class=""><a href="/poaching-and-wildlife-trade" data-track-note="biodiversity-subnav-poaching-and-wildlife-trade">Poaching</a></li><li class=""><a href="/habitat-loss" data-track-note="biodiversity-subnav-habitat-loss">Habitat Loss</a></li><li class=""><a href="/protected-areas-and-conservation" data-track-note="biodiversity-subnav-protected-areas-and-conservation">Protected areas and conservation</a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="content-wrapper"><div class="offset-content"><div class="content-and-footnotes"><div class="article-content"><section><div class="wp-block-owid-grid">
<div class="wp-block-owid-card with-image" data-no-lightbox="">
<a href="https://ourworldindata.org/biodiversity-and-wildlife">
<figure><img width="768" height="404" src="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Biodiversity-and-Wildlife-thumbnail-768x404.png" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large" alt="Biodiversity and wildlife thumbnail" loading="lazy" srcset="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Biodiversity-and-Wildlife-thumbnail-768x404.png 768w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Biodiversity-and-Wildlife-thumbnail-400x210.png 400w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Biodiversity-and-Wildlife-thumbnail-800x421.png 800w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Biodiversity-and-Wildlife-thumbnail-150x79.png 150w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Biodiversity-and-Wildlife-thumbnail.png 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" data-high-res-src="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Biodiversity-and-Wildlife-thumbnail.png"></figure>
<div class="text-wrapper">
<div class="description">
<p>Explore the diversity of wildlife across the planet – how many species are in each group, and where they live.</p>
</div>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div class="wp-block-owid-card with-image" data-no-lightbox="">
<a href="https://ourworldindata.org/mammals">
<figure><img width="768" height="404" src="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Mammals-thumbnail-768x404.png" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large" alt="Mammals thumbnail" loading="lazy" srcset="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Mammals-thumbnail-768x404.png 768w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Mammals-thumbnail-400x210.png 400w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Mammals-thumbnail-800x421.png 800w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Mammals-thumbnail-150x79.png 150w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Mammals-thumbnail.png 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" data-high-res-src="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Mammals-thumbnail.png"></figure>
<div class="text-wrapper">
<div class="description">
<p>See how wild mammal populations have changed over time; where they live today; and where they are threatened with extinction.</p>
</div>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div class="wp-block-owid-card with-image" data-no-lightbox="">
<a href="https://ourworldindata.org/birds">
<figure><img width="768" height="404" src="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Birds-thumbnail-768x404.png" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large" alt="Birds thumbnail" loading="lazy" srcset="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Birds-thumbnail-768x404.png 768w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Birds-thumbnail-400x210.png 400w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Birds-thumbnail-800x421.png 800w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Birds-thumbnail-150x79.png 150w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Birds-thumbnail.png 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" data-high-res-src="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Birds-thumbnail.png"></figure>
<div class="text-wrapper">
<div class="description">
<p>Explore the diversity of birds across the world; how many species have gone extinct; and how populations are changing.</p>
</div>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div class="wp-block-owid-card with-image" data-no-lightbox="">
<a href="https://ourworldindata.org/fish">
<figure><img width="768" height="404" src="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/10/Fish-thumbnail-768x404.png" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large" alt="Fish thumbnail" loading="lazy" srcset="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/10/Fish-thumbnail-768x404.png 768w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/10/Fish-thumbnail-400x210.png 400w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/10/Fish-thumbnail-800x421.png 800w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/10/Fish-thumbnail-150x79.png 150w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/10/Fish-thumbnail.png 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" data-high-res-src="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/10/Fish-thumbnail.png"></figure>
<div class="text-wrapper">
<div class="description">
<p>See data on wild fish stocks; threatened species and how seafood production is changing.</p>
</div>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div class="wp-block-owid-card with-image" data-no-lightbox="">
<a href="https://ourworldindata.org/coral-reefs">
<figure><img width="768" height="404" src="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/05/coral-reefs-thumbnail-768x404.png" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large" alt="Coral reefs thumbnail" loading="lazy" srcset="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/05/coral-reefs-thumbnail-768x404.png 768w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/05/coral-reefs-thumbnail-400x210.png 400w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/05/coral-reefs-thumbnail-800x421.png 800w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/05/coral-reefs-thumbnail-150x79.png 150w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/05/coral-reefs-thumbnail.png 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" data-high-res-src="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/05/coral-reefs-thumbnail.png"></figure>
<div class="text-wrapper">
<div class="description">
<p>Explore the distribution of coral reefs across the world and how they are changing from human pressures.</p>
</div>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div class="wp-block-owid-card with-image" data-no-lightbox="">
<a href="https://ourworldindata.org/living-planet-index">
<figure><img width="768" height="404" src="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Living-Planet-Index-thumbnail-768x404.png" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large" alt="Living planet index thumbnail" loading="lazy" srcset="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Living-Planet-Index-thumbnail-768x404.png 768w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Living-Planet-Index-thumbnail-400x210.png 400w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Living-Planet-Index-thumbnail-800x421.png 800w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Living-Planet-Index-thumbnail-150x79.png 150w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Living-Planet-Index-thumbnail.png 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" data-high-res-src="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Living-Planet-Index-thumbnail.png"></figure>
<div class="text-wrapper">
<div class="description">
<p>The Living Planet Index is one of the most-common biodiversity metrics. What does it tell us about the world’s wildlife?</p>
</div>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div class="wp-block-owid-card with-image" data-no-lightbox="">
<a href="https://ourworldindata.org/extinctions">
<figure><img width="768" height="404" src="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Extinctions-thumbnail-768x404.png" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large" alt="Extinctions thumbnail" loading="lazy" srcset="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Extinctions-thumbnail-768x404.png 768w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Extinctions-thumbnail-400x210.png 400w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Extinctions-thumbnail-800x421.png 800w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Extinctions-thumbnail-150x79.png 150w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Extinctions-thumbnail.png 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" data-high-res-src="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Extinctions-thumbnail.png"></figure>
<div class="text-wrapper">
<div class="description">
<p>Explore the long-term history of Earth’s extinctions, and where we are today.</p>
</div>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div class="wp-block-owid-card with-image" data-no-lightbox="">
<a href="https://ourworldindata.org/threats-to-wildlife">
<figure><img width="768" height="404" src="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Threats-to-Wildlife-thumbnail-768x404.png" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large" alt="Threats to wildlife thumbnail" loading="lazy" srcset="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Threats-to-Wildlife-thumbnail-768x404.png 768w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Threats-to-Wildlife-thumbnail-400x210.png 400w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Threats-to-Wildlife-thumbnail-800x421.png 800w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Threats-to-Wildlife-thumbnail-150x79.png 150w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Threats-to-Wildlife-thumbnail.png 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" data-high-res-src="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Threats-to-Wildlife-thumbnail.png"></figure>
<div class="text-wrapper">
<div class="description">
<p>Explore the latest data and research on the biggest threats to global wildlife.</p>
</div>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div class="wp-block-owid-card with-image" data-no-lightbox="">
<a href="https://ourworldindata.org/poaching-and-wildlife-trade">
<figure><img width="768" height="404" src="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Poaching-and-Wildlife-Trade-thumbnail-768x404.png" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large" alt="Poaching and wildlife trade thumbnail" loading="lazy" srcset="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Poaching-and-Wildlife-Trade-thumbnail-768x404.png 768w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Poaching-and-Wildlife-Trade-thumbnail-400x210.png 400w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Poaching-and-Wildlife-Trade-thumbnail-800x421.png 800w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Poaching-and-Wildlife-Trade-thumbnail-150x79.png 150w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Poaching-and-Wildlife-Trade-thumbnail.png 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" data-high-res-src="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Poaching-and-Wildlife-Trade-thumbnail.png"></figure>
<div class="text-wrapper">
<div class="description">
<p>Hunting is one of the largest threats to wildlife. See how poaching rates and trade has changed over time, and across species.</p>
</div>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div class="wp-block-owid-card with-image" data-no-lightbox="">
<a href="https://ourworldindata.org/habitat-loss">
<figure><img width="768" height="404" src="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Habitat-Loss-thumbnail-768x404.png" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large" alt="Habitat loss thumbnail" loading="lazy" srcset="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Habitat-Loss-thumbnail-768x404.png 768w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Habitat-Loss-thumbnail-400x210.png 400w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Habitat-Loss-thumbnail-800x421.png 800w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Habitat-Loss-thumbnail-150x79.png 150w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Habitat-Loss-thumbnail.png 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" data-high-res-src="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Habitat-Loss-thumbnail.png"></figure>
<div class="text-wrapper">
<div class="description">
<p>See how human expansion and habitat loss has changed landscapes over millennia, and how this has impacted global biodiversity.</p>
</div>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div class="wp-block-owid-card with-image" data-no-lightbox="">
<a href="https://ourworldindata.org/protected-areas-and-conservation">
<figure><img width="768" height="404" src="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Protected-Areas-Conservation-thumbnail-768x404.png" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large" alt="Protected areas conservation thumbnail" loading="lazy" srcset="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Protected-Areas-Conservation-thumbnail-768x404.png 768w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Protected-Areas-Conservation-thumbnail-400x210.png 400w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Protected-Areas-Conservation-thumbnail-800x421.png 800w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Protected-Areas-Conservation-thumbnail-150x79.png 150w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Protected-Areas-Conservation-thumbnail.png 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" data-high-res-src="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Protected-Areas-Conservation-thumbnail.png"></figure>
<div class="text-wrapper">
<div class="description">
<p>See how protected areas and conservation efforts are changing over time, and their impacts on protecting the world’s wildlife.</p>
</div>
</div>
</a>
</div>
</div><h3 id="upcoming-biodiversity-topics-to-cover">Upcoming biodiversity topics to cover<a class="deep-link" href="#upcoming-biodiversity-topics-to-cover"></a></h3><div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-right"><div class="wp-block-column"><p>This is a growing collection of resources and research on biodiversity. Biodiversity aspects we have not yet covered but aim to in the near future include:</p><ul><li>Insect populations</li><li>Impacts of climate change on biodiversity</li><li>Expansion of our work on <a href="https://ourworldindata.org/birds">bird species</a></li><li>Expansion of our work on <a href="https://ourworldindata.org/fish">fish and overfishing</a></li></ul></div><div class="wp-block-column"></div></div><h3 id="key-articles-on-biodiversity">Key articles on <em>Biodiversity</em><a class="deep-link" href="#key-articles-on-biodiversity"></a></h3><div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-right"><div class="wp-block-column"><div class="block-wrapper"><div class="wp-block-owid-prominent-link with-image" data-no-lightbox="true" data-style="is-style-thin" data-title="Wild mammals have declined by 85% since the rise of humans"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/mammals#wild-mammal-biomass-has-declined-by-80-since-the-rise-of-humans"><figure><img width="768" height="402" src="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/04/Wild-mammal-thumbnail-768x402.png" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large" alt="Wild mammal thumbnail" loading="lazy" srcset="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/04/Wild-mammal-thumbnail-768x402.png 768w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/04/Wild-mammal-thumbnail-400x209.png 400w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/04/Wild-mammal-thumbnail-800x419.png 800w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/04/Wild-mammal-thumbnail-150x79.png 150w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/04/Wild-mammal-thumbnail.png 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" data-high-res-src="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/04/Wild-mammal-thumbnail.png"></figure><div class="content-wrapper"><div class="title"><span>Wild mammals have declined by 85% since the rise of humans</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6l-160 160C272.4 444.9 264.2 448 256 448s-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25L338.8 288H32C14.33 288 .0016 273.7 .0016 256S14.33 224 32 224h306.8l-105.4-105.4c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0l160 160C451.1 245.9 451.1 266.1 438.6 278.6z"></path></svg></div></div></a></div></div><div class="block-wrapper"><div class="wp-block-owid-prominent-link with-image" data-no-lightbox="true" data-style="is-style-thin" data-title="The largest mammals are at the greatest risk of extinction"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/mammals#the-largest-mammals-are-at-greatest-risk-of-extinction"><figure><img width="768" height="504" src="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/QME-Extinctions-768x504.png" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large" alt="Qme extinctions" loading="lazy" srcset="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/QME-Extinctions-768x504.png 768w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/QME-Extinctions-400x263.png 400w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/QME-Extinctions-800x525.png 800w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/QME-Extinctions-150x98.png 150w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/QME-Extinctions-1536x1009.png 1536w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/QME-Extinctions-2048x1345.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" data-high-res-src="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/QME-Extinctions.png"></figure><div class="content-wrapper"><div class="title"><span>The largest mammals are at the greatest risk of extinction</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6l-160 160C272.4 444.9 264.2 448 256 448s-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25L338.8 288H32C14.33 288 .0016 273.7 .0016 256S14.33 224 32 224h306.8l-105.4-105.4c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0l160 160C451.1 245.9 451.1 266.1 438.6 278.6z"></path></svg></div></div></a></div></div><div class="block-wrapper"><div class="wp-block-owid-prominent-link with-image" data-no-lightbox="true" data-style="is-style-thin" data-title="Elephants, rhinos, gorillas: how many of our largest mammals are at risk of extinction?"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/mammals#elephants-rhinos-gorillas-how-many-of-our-largest-mammals-are-at-risk-of-extinction#elephants-rhinos-gorillas-how-many-of-our-largest-mammals-are-at-risk-of-extinction"><figure><img width="768" height="1" src="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/threatened-mammal-species.svg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large" alt="Threatened mammal species" loading="lazy"></figure><div class="content-wrapper"><div class="title"><span>Elephants, rhinos, gorillas: how many of our largest mammals are at risk of extinction?</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6l-160 160C272.4 444.9 264.2 448 256 448s-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25L338.8 288H32C14.33 288 .0016 273.7 .0016 256S14.33 224 32 224h306.8l-105.4-105.4c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0l160 160C451.1 245.9 451.1 266.1 438.6 278.6z"></path></svg></div></div></a></div></div><div class="block-wrapper"><div class="wp-block-owid-prominent-link with-image" data-no-lightbox="true" data-style="is-style-thin" data-title="How many species has conservation saved?"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/protected-areas-and-conservation#how-many-species-has-conservation-saved"><figure><img width="768" height="482" src="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Number-of-bird-and-mammal-species-saved-from-extinction-Bolam-et-al.-2020-768x482.png" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large" alt="Number of bird and mammal species saved from extinction bolam et al. 2020" loading="lazy" srcset="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Number-of-bird-and-mammal-species-saved-from-extinction-Bolam-et-al.-2020-768x482.png 768w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Number-of-bird-and-mammal-species-saved-from-extinction-Bolam-et-al.-2020-400x251.png 400w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Number-of-bird-and-mammal-species-saved-from-extinction-Bolam-et-al.-2020-800x502.png 800w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Number-of-bird-and-mammal-species-saved-from-extinction-Bolam-et-al.-2020-150x94.png 150w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Number-of-bird-and-mammal-species-saved-from-extinction-Bolam-et-al.-2020-1536x964.png 1536w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Number-of-bird-and-mammal-species-saved-from-extinction-Bolam-et-al.-2020.png 2021w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" data-high-res-src="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Number-of-bird-and-mammal-species-saved-from-extinction-Bolam-et-al.-2020.png"></figure><div class="content-wrapper"><div class="title"><span>How many species has conservation saved?</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6l-160 160C272.4 444.9 264.2 448 256 448s-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25L338.8 288H32C14.33 288 .0016 273.7 .0016 256S14.33 224 32 224h306.8l-105.4-105.4c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0l160 160C451.1 245.9 451.1 266.1 438.6 278.6z"></path></svg></div></div></a></div></div><div class="block-wrapper"><div class="wp-block-owid-prominent-link with-image" data-no-lightbox="true" data-style="is-style-thin" data-title="The rise and fall of whaling"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/mammals#whales"><figure><img width="768" height="1" src="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/whales-killed-per-decade.svg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large" alt="Whales killed per decade" loading="lazy"></figure><div class="content-wrapper"><div class="title"><span>The rise and fall of whaling</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6l-160 160C272.4 444.9 264.2 448 256 448s-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25L338.8 288H32C14.33 288 .0016 273.7 .0016 256S14.33 224 32 224h306.8l-105.4-105.4c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0l160 160C451.1 245.9 451.1 266.1 438.6 278.6z"></path></svg></div></div></a></div></div><div class="block-wrapper"><div class="wp-block-owid-prominent-link with-image" data-no-lightbox="true" data-style="is-style-thin" data-title="What is the scale of global hunting and wildlife trade?"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/poaching-and-wildlife-trade"><figure><img width="768" height="1" src="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/number-of-rhinos-poached-1.svg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large" alt="Number of rhinos poached 1" loading="lazy"></figure><div class="content-wrapper"><div class="title"><span>What is the scale of global hunting and wildlife trade?</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6l-160 160C272.4 444.9 264.2 448 256 448s-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25L338.8 288H32C14.33 288 .0016 273.7 .0016 256S14.33 224 32 224h306.8l-105.4-105.4c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0l160 160C451.1 245.9 451.1 266.1 438.6 278.6z"></path></svg></div></div></a></div></div><div class="block-wrapper"><div class="wp-block-owid-prominent-link with-image" data-no-lightbox="true" data-style="is-style-thin" data-title="What are the largest threats to wildlife?"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/threats-to-wildlife"><figure><img width="768" height="1" src="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/number-of-rhinos-poached-1.svg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large" alt="Number of rhinos poached 1" loading="lazy"></figure><div class="content-wrapper"><div class="title"><span>What are the largest threats to wildlife?</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6l-160 160C272.4 444.9 264.2 448 256 448s-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25L338.8 288H32C14.33 288 .0016 273.7 .0016 256S14.33 224 32 224h306.8l-105.4-105.4c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0l160 160C451.1 245.9 451.1 266.1 438.6 278.6z"></path></svg></div></div></a></div></div><div class="block-wrapper"><div class="wp-block-owid-prominent-link with-image" data-no-lightbox="true" data-style="is-style-thin" data-title="Are we heading for a sixth mass extinction?"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/extinctions#are-we-heading-for-a-sixth-mass-extinction"><figure><img width="768" height="605" src="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Extinction-rates-compared-to-background-Pimm-et-al-768x605.png" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large" alt="Extinction rates compared to background pimm et al" loading="lazy" srcset="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Extinction-rates-compared-to-background-Pimm-et-al-768x605.png 768w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Extinction-rates-compared-to-background-Pimm-et-al-400x315.png 400w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Extinction-rates-compared-to-background-Pimm-et-al-698x550.png 698w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Extinction-rates-compared-to-background-Pimm-et-al-150x118.png 150w, https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Extinction-rates-compared-to-background-Pimm-et-al.png 1183w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" data-high-res-src="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/Extinction-rates-compared-to-background-Pimm-et-al.png"></figure><div class="content-wrapper"><div class="title"><span>Are we heading for a sixth mass extinction?</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6l-160 160C272.4 444.9 264.2 448 256 448s-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25L338.8 288H32C14.33 288 .0016 273.7 .0016 256S14.33 224 32 224h306.8l-105.4-105.4c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0l160 160C451.1 245.9 451.1 266.1 438.6 278.6z"></path></svg></div></div></a></div></div><div class="block-wrapper"><div class="wp-block-owid-prominent-link with-image" data-no-lightbox="true" data-style="is-style-thin" data-title="Living Planet Index: Have we really lost 68% of the world’s wildlife?"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/living-planet-index"><figure><img width="768" height="1" src="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2021/03/global-living-planet-index.svg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large" alt="Global living planet index" loading="lazy"></figure><div class="content-wrapper"><div class="title"><span>Living Planet Index: Have we really lost 68% of the world’s wildlife?</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6l-160 160C272.4 444.9 264.2 448 256 448s-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25L338.8 288H32C14.33 288 .0016 273.7 .0016 256S14.33 224 32 224h306.8l-105.4-105.4c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0l160 160C451.1 245.9 451.1 266.1 438.6 278.6z"></path></svg></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="wp-block-column"></div></div></section>
</div><footer class="article-footer"><div class="wp-block-columns"><div class="wp-block-column"><h3 id="licence">Reuse our work freely</h3><p>All visualizations, data, and code produced by Our World in Data are completely open access under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Creative Commons BY license</a>. You have the permission to use, distribute, and reproduce these in any medium, provided the source and authors are credited.</p><p>The data produced by third parties and made available by Our World in Data is subject to the license terms from the original third-party authors. We will always indicate the original source of the data in our documentation, so you should always check the license of any such third-party data before use and redistribution.</p><p>All of <a href="/how-to-use-our-world-in-data#how-to-embed-interactive-charts-in-your-article">our charts can be embedded</a> in any site.</p><h3 id="citation">Citation</h3><p>Our articles and data visualizations rely on work from many different people and organizations. When citing this entry, please also cite the underlying data sources. This entry can be cited as:</p><pre class="citation">Hannah Ritchie and Max Roser (2021) - "Biodiversity". <em>Published online at OurWorldInData.org.</em> Retrieved from: 'https://ourworldindata.org/biodiversity' [Online Resource]</pre><p>BibTeX citation</p><pre class="citation">@article{owidbiodiversity,
author = {Hannah Ritchie and Max Roser},
title = {Biodiversity},
journal = {Our World in Data},
year = {2021},
note = {https://ourworldindata.org/biodiversity}
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