From e975f45cc292de4011d67c1280896681e67f39a5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mohshinsha Shahmadar <mohshinsha.shahmadar@ntuclink.com.sg>
Date: Tue, 10 Dec 2024 17:45:33 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 1/3] Add `OverlappingRectangles` fixes #38

---
 Sources/Geometry/OverlappingRectangles.swift  | 137 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../Geometry/MinAreaRectangleTests.swift      |  79 ++++++++++
 .../Geometry/OverlappingRectangleTests.swift  |  31 ++++
 3 files changed, 247 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 Sources/Geometry/OverlappingRectangles.swift
 create mode 100644 Tests/SwiftyAlgorithmsTests/Geometry/MinAreaRectangleTests.swift
 create mode 100644 Tests/SwiftyAlgorithmsTests/Geometry/OverlappingRectangleTests.swift

diff --git a/Sources/Geometry/OverlappingRectangles.swift b/Sources/Geometry/OverlappingRectangles.swift
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6e3b6d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Sources/Geometry/OverlappingRectangles.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+//
+//  OverlappingRectangles.swift
+//  
+//
+//  Created by Mohshinsha Shahmadar on 2024-12-10.
+//
+
+import Foundation
+/**
+ ### Problem Statement:
+ Write a function that takes two rectangles as inputs and determines if they overlap. Each rectangle is represented by its bottom-left corner (x1, y1) and top-right corner (x2, y2). The function should return `true` if the rectangles overlap and `false` otherwise.
+
+ ### Input:
+ - Each rectangle is represented by a tuple of four integers: `(x1, y1, x2, y2)`, where:
+   - `(x1, y1)` represents the coordinates of the bottom-left corner.
+   - `(x2, y2)` represents the coordinates of the top-right corner.
+
+ ### Output:
+ - Return `true` if the two rectangles overlap, `false` otherwise.
+
+ ### Constraints:
+ - You may assume that the edges of the rectangles are aligned with the X and Y axes (i.e., they are not rotated).
+ - Rectangles that share an edge or a corner are **not** considered to be overlapping.
+
+ ### Test Cases:
+
+ 1. **Test Case 1: Partially Overlapping**
+    ```swift
+    Input: rect1 = (0, 0, 4, 4), rect2 = (2, 2, 6, 6)
+    Output: true
+    ```
+
+ 2. **Test Case 2: Non-Overlapping**
+    ```swift
+    Input: rect1 = (0, 0, 2, 2), rect2 = (3, 3, 5, 5)
+    Output: false
+    ```
+
+ 3. **Test Case 3: One Rectangle Inside Another**
+    ```swift
+    Input: rect1 = (0, 0, 6, 6), rect2 = (2, 2, 4, 4)
+    Output: true
+    ```
+
+ 4. **Test Case 4: Touching at Edge (Non-Overlapping)**
+    ```swift
+    Input: rect1 = (0, 0, 4, 4), rect2 = (4, 0, 6, 3)
+    Output: true
+    ```
+
+ 5. **Test Case 5: Touching at Corner (Non-Overlapping)**
+    ```swift
+    Input: rect1 = (0, 0, 3, 3), rect2 = (3, 3, 6, 6)
+    Output: true
+    ```
+ */
+func checkIfRectanglesIntersectingEachOther(with input: [[Int]]) -> Bool {
+  let rectangles: [Rectangle] = input.map(Rectangle.init)
+  guard !rectangles.isEmpty else { return false }
+  
+  var resultRectangle = rectangles[0]
+  
+  for i in 1..<rectangles.count {
+    resultRectangle = resultRectangle.intersect(with: rectangles[i])
+  }
+  return resultRectangle.renderingType == .rectangle
+}
+
+fileprivate func findOverlappingType(for renderedType: Rectangle.RenderedType) -> Rectangle.OverlappingType {
+  switch renderedType {
+  case .horizotalLine, .verticalLine: return .touchingEdge
+  case .rectangle: return .intersecting
+  case .point: return .touchingPoint
+  case .invalid:  return .farFromEachOther
+  }
+}
+
+fileprivate struct Rectangle {
+  enum OverlappingType: String {
+    case overlapping
+    case intersecting
+    case touchingEdge
+    case touchingPoint
+    case farFromEachOther
+  }
+  
+  enum RenderedType {
+    case horizotalLine
+    case verticalLine
+    case rectangle
+    case point
+    case invalid
+  }
+  
+  init(bottomLeft: (x: Int, y: Int), topRight: (x: Int, y: Int)) {
+    self.bottomLeft = bottomLeft
+    self.topRight = topRight
+  }
+  
+  let bottomLeft: (x: Int, y: Int)
+  let topRight: (x: Int, y: Int)
+  
+  init(_ elements: [Int]) {
+    guard elements.count == 4 else { fatalError("Invaldi Rect Data Provided") }
+    bottomLeft = (x: elements[0], y: elements[1])
+    topRight = (x: elements[2], y: elements[3])
+  }
+  
+  var renderingType: RenderedType {
+    guard bottomLeft.x <= topRight.x && bottomLeft.y <= topRight.y else { return .invalid }
+    if bottomLeft.x == topRight.x && bottomLeft.y < topRight.y {
+      return .verticalLine
+    } else if bottomLeft.x < topRight.x && bottomLeft.y == topRight.y {
+      return .horizotalLine
+    } else if bottomLeft.x == topRight.x && bottomLeft.y == topRight.y {
+      return .point
+    } else if bottomLeft.x < topRight.x && bottomLeft.y < topRight.y {
+      return .rectangle
+    } else {
+      return .invalid
+    }
+  }
+  
+  func intersect(with rect2: Rectangle) -> Rectangle {
+    let rect1 = self
+    return Rectangle(
+      bottomLeft: (
+        x: max(rect1.bottomLeft.x, rect2.bottomLeft.x),
+        y: max(rect1.bottomLeft.y, rect2.bottomLeft.y)
+      ),
+      topRight: (
+        x: min(rect1.topRight.x, rect2.topRight.x),
+        y: min(rect1.topRight.y, rect2.topRight.y)
+      )
+    )
+  }
+}
diff --git a/Tests/SwiftyAlgorithmsTests/Geometry/MinAreaRectangleTests.swift b/Tests/SwiftyAlgorithmsTests/Geometry/MinAreaRectangleTests.swift
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d3d9b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tests/SwiftyAlgorithmsTests/Geometry/MinAreaRectangleTests.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+//
+//  MinAreaRectangle.swift
+//
+//
+//  Created by Mohshinsha Shahmadar on 2024-10-20.
+//
+
+import Foundation
+import XCTest
+@testable import SwiftyAlgorithms
+
+final class MinAreaRectangleTests: XCTestCase {
+  
+  func testIntersectingRectangles() {
+    let testCases: [AlgorithmTestCase] = [
+      .init([[1, 1],[1, 3],[3, 1], [3, 3], [4,1], [4,3]], 2),
+    ]
+    
+    testAlgorithm(
+      name: "MinAreaRectangleTests",
+      with: testCases) { input in
+        minAreaFreeRect(input)
+      }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ You are given an array of points in the X-Y plane points where points[i] = [xi, yi].
+ Return the minimum area of any rectangle formed from these points, with sides not necessarily parallel to the X and Y axes. If there is not any such rectangle, return 0.
+ 
+ Answers within 10-5 of the actual answer will be accepted.
+ 
+ Example 1:
+ Input: points = [[1,2],[2,1],[1,0],[0,1]]
+ Output: 2
+ Explanation: The minimum area rectangle occurs at [1,2],[2,1],[1,0],[0,1], with an area of 2.
+ 
+ Example 2:
+ Input: points = [[0,1],[2,1],[1,1],[1,0],[2,0]]
+ Output: 1
+ Explanation: The minimum area rectangle occurs at [1,0],[1,1],[2,1],[2,0], with an area of 1.
+ 
+ Example 3:
+ Input: points = [[0,3],[1,2],[3,1],[1,3],[2,1]]
+ Output: 0
+ Explanation: There is no possible rectangle to form from these points.
+ */
+func minAreaFreeRect(_ points: [[Int]]) -> Int {
+  struct Point: Hashable {
+    let x: Int
+    let y: Int
+  }
+
+  let points: [Point] = points.map { Point(x: $0[0], y: $0[1]) }
+  
+  var xPointsMap = [Int: Set<Int>]()
+  
+  for point in points {
+    var existingSet: Set<Int> = xPointsMap[point.x] ?? .init()
+    existingSet.insert(point.y)
+    xPointsMap[point.x] = existingSet
+  }
+  
+  var result = Int.max
+  for point1 in points {
+    for point2 in points {
+      if point1.x == point2.x || point1.y == point2.y {
+        continue
+      }
+      
+      if xPointsMap[point1.x]?.contains(point2.y) == true,
+         xPointsMap[point2.x]?.contains(point1.y) == true {
+        let area = abs(point2.x - point1.x) * abs(point2.y - point1.y)
+        result = min(result, area)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return result == .max ? 0 : result
+}
diff --git a/Tests/SwiftyAlgorithmsTests/Geometry/OverlappingRectangleTests.swift b/Tests/SwiftyAlgorithmsTests/Geometry/OverlappingRectangleTests.swift
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2082bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tests/SwiftyAlgorithmsTests/Geometry/OverlappingRectangleTests.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+//
+//  OverlappingRectangleTests.swift
+//
+//
+//  Created by Mohshinsha Shahmadar on 2024-10-20.
+//
+
+import Foundation
+import XCTest
+@testable import SwiftyAlgorithms
+
+final class OverlappingRectangleTests: XCTestCase {
+
+  func testIntersectingRectangles() {
+    let testCases: [AlgorithmTestCase] = [
+      .init([[0, 0, 4, 4], [2, 2, 6, 6]], true, "Partially Overlapping"),
+      .init([[0, 0, 2, 2], [3, 3, 5, 5]], false, "Non-Overlapping"),
+      .init([[0, 0, 6, 6], [2, 2, 4, 4]], true, "One Rectangle Inside Another"),
+      .init([[0, 0, 4, 4], [4, 0, 6, 3]], false, "Touching at Edge (Non-Overlapping)"),
+      .init([[0, 0, 3, 3], [3, 3, 6, 6]],  false, "Touching at Corner (Non-Overlapping)"),
+      .init([[0, 0, 2, 2], [3, 3, 4, 4]], false, "Inverted Rectangle")
+  ]
+
+    testAlgorithm(
+      name: "IntersectingRectangle",
+      with: testCases
+    ) { input in
+      checkIfRectanglesIntersectingEachOther(with: input)
+    }
+  }
+}

From 34798771a6efa171370d86e3e36033ccd43dceb2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mohshinsha Shahmadar <mohshinsha.shahmadar@ntuclink.com.sg>
Date: Tue, 10 Dec 2024 17:46:06 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 2/3] Refactor file structure to organize the algorithms

---
 .../ShortestDistanceFromAllBuildings.swift    | 124 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../DynamicProgramming/ClimbStairsTests.swift |  36 +++++
 ...hortestDistanceFromAllBuildingsTests.swift |  29 ++++
 3 files changed, 189 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 Sources/Graph-DFS/ShortestDistanceFromAllBuildings.swift
 create mode 100644 Tests/SwiftyAlgorithmsTests/DynamicProgramming/ClimbStairsTests.swift
 create mode 100644 Tests/SwiftyAlgorithmsTests/Graph-DFS/ShortestDistanceFromAllBuildingsTests.swift

diff --git a/Sources/Graph-DFS/ShortestDistanceFromAllBuildings.swift b/Sources/Graph-DFS/ShortestDistanceFromAllBuildings.swift
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f29af4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Sources/Graph-DFS/ShortestDistanceFromAllBuildings.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+//
+//  ShortestDistanceFromAllBuildings.swift
+//
+//
+//  Created by Mohshinsha Shahmadar on 2024-10-19.
+//
+
+import Foundation
+
+/**
+ You are given an m x n grid of values 0, 1, or 2, where:
+
+ Each 0 marks an empty land that you can pass through.
+ Each 1 marks a building that you cannot pass through.
+ Each 2 marks an obstacle that you cannot pass through.
+ You want to build a house on an empty land that reaches all buildings in the shortest total travel distance. You can only move up, down, left, and right.
+
+ Return the shortest travel distance for such a house. If it is not possible to build such a house according to the above rules, return -1.
+
+ The total travel distance is the sum of the distances between the house and the buildings.
+
+ The distance is calculated using Manhattan Distance, where: `distance(p1,p2)=∣p2.x−p1.x∣+∣p2.y−p1.y∣`
+
+ For the given grid
+ 1 0 2 0 1
+ 0 0 0 0 0
+ 0 0 1 0 0
+ Output: 7
+
+ */
+func findShortestDistanceFromAllBuildings(grid: [[Int]]) -> Int {
+  struct Pair {
+    let row: Int
+    let col: Int
+    let distance: Int
+    var key: String {
+      "\(row)#\(col)"
+    }
+        
+    var left: Pair { .init(row: row - 1, col: col, distance: distance + 1) }
+    var right: Pair { .init(row: row + 1, col: col, distance: distance + 1) }
+    var top: Pair { .init(row: row, col: col - 1, distance: distance + 1) }
+    var bottom: Pair { .init(row: row, col: col + 1, distance: distance + 1) }
+  }
+
+  guard !grid.isEmpty, !grid[0].isEmpty else { return -1 }
+  
+  let rows = grid.count
+  let cols = grid[0].count
+  
+  let land = 0
+  let building = 1
+  var numberOfBuildings = 0
+  
+  for i in 0..<grid.count {
+    for j in 0..<grid[i].count where grid[i][j] == 1 {
+      numberOfBuildings += 1
+    }
+  }
+  
+  let initialMappings = [Int]()
+  // Distance from Land to ALL Buildings
+  var distanceToBuildings = Array(
+    repeating: Array(repeating: initialMappings, count: cols),
+    count: grid.count
+  )
+
+  func isValid(pair: Pair) -> Bool {
+    return pair.col >= 0 &&
+    pair.col < cols &&
+    pair.row >= 0 &&
+    pair.row < rows
+  }
+
+  func performDFS(row: Int, col: Int) {
+    var queue = [Pair]()
+    let startPair = Pair(row: row, col: col, distance: 0)
+    var visited = Set<String>()
+    queue.append(startPair)
+    visited.insert(startPair.key)
+
+    var queueHead = 0
+    
+    while queueHead < queue.endIndex {
+      let headPair = queue[queueHead]
+      distanceToBuildings[headPair.row][headPair.col].append(headPair.distance)
+      
+      for pair in [
+        headPair.left,
+        headPair.right,
+        headPair.top,
+        headPair.bottom
+      ] where !visited.contains(pair.key) && isValid(pair: pair) && grid[pair.row][pair.col] == land {
+        queue.append(pair)
+        visited.insert(pair.key)
+      }
+      
+      queueHead += 1
+    }
+  }
+  
+  
+  for i in 0..<grid.count {
+    for j in 0..<grid[i].count where grid[i][j] == building {
+      performDFS(row: i, col: j)
+    }
+  }
+  
+  var result: Int = Int.max
+  
+  for i in 0..<grid.count {
+    for j in 0..<grid[i].count where grid[i][j] == land {
+      let distanceArray = distanceToBuildings[i][j]
+      if distanceArray.count != numberOfBuildings {
+        return -1
+      } else {
+        let distanceSum = distanceArray.reduce(0) { $0 + $1 }
+        result = min(result, distanceSum)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return result == Int.max ? -1 : result
+}
diff --git a/Tests/SwiftyAlgorithmsTests/DynamicProgramming/ClimbStairsTests.swift b/Tests/SwiftyAlgorithmsTests/DynamicProgramming/ClimbStairsTests.swift
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..296e43a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tests/SwiftyAlgorithmsTests/DynamicProgramming/ClimbStairsTests.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+//
+//  ClimbStairsTests.swift
+//
+//
+//  Created by Mohshinsha Shahmadar on 2024-09-09.
+//
+
+import Foundation
+import XCTest
+@testable import SwiftyAlgorithms
+
+final class ClimbStairsTests: XCTestCase {
+  func testClimbStairs() {
+    
+    let testCases: [AlgorithmTestCase] = [
+      .init(0, 0),
+      .init(1, 1),
+      .init(2, 2),
+      .init(3, 3),
+      .init(4, 5),
+      .init(5, 8),
+      .init(6, 13),
+      .init(7, 21),
+      .init(8, 34),
+      .init(9, 55),
+      // 1,2,3,5,8,13,21,34,55
+    ]
+    
+    testAlgorithm(
+      name: "Ways to ClimbStairs to reach `n`",
+      with: testCases
+    ) { input in
+      findNumberOfWaysToClimbStairs(toReach: input)
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/Tests/SwiftyAlgorithmsTests/Graph-DFS/ShortestDistanceFromAllBuildingsTests.swift b/Tests/SwiftyAlgorithmsTests/Graph-DFS/ShortestDistanceFromAllBuildingsTests.swift
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bdaea09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tests/SwiftyAlgorithmsTests/Graph-DFS/ShortestDistanceFromAllBuildingsTests.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+//
+//  ShortestDistanceFromAllBuildingsTests.swift
+//
+//
+//  Created by Mohshinsha Shahmadar on 2024-10-19.
+//
+
+import Foundation
+import XCTest
+@testable import SwiftyAlgorithms
+
+final class ShortestDistanceFromAllBuildingsTests: XCTestCase {
+
+  func testShortestDistanceFromAllBuildings() {
+    let testCases: [AlgorithmTestCase] = [
+      .init([
+        [1,0,2,0,1],
+        [0,0,0,0,0],
+        [0,0,1,0,0]], 7)
+    ]
+    
+    testAlgorithm(
+      name: "ShortestDistanceFromAllBuildingsTests",
+      with: testCases
+    ) { input in
+      findShortestDistanceFromAllBuildings(grid: input)
+    }
+  }
+}

From 85cf2241b47f36a3cd67ec778b43428c4f63f145 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mohshin Shah <mohshinshah@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 9 Apr 2025 12:27:42 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 3/3] Fix build failures

---
 .../DynamicProgramming/ClimbStairsTests.swift | 36 -------------------
 .../Geometry/OverlappingRectangleTests.swift  | 14 ++++----
 2 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 Tests/SwiftyAlgorithmsTests/DynamicProgramming/ClimbStairsTests.swift

diff --git a/Tests/SwiftyAlgorithmsTests/DynamicProgramming/ClimbStairsTests.swift b/Tests/SwiftyAlgorithmsTests/DynamicProgramming/ClimbStairsTests.swift
deleted file mode 100644
index 296e43a..0000000
--- a/Tests/SwiftyAlgorithmsTests/DynamicProgramming/ClimbStairsTests.swift
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-//
-//  ClimbStairsTests.swift
-//
-//
-//  Created by Mohshinsha Shahmadar on 2024-09-09.
-//
-
-import Foundation
-import XCTest
-@testable import SwiftyAlgorithms
-
-final class ClimbStairsTests: XCTestCase {
-  func testClimbStairs() {
-    
-    let testCases: [AlgorithmTestCase] = [
-      .init(0, 0),
-      .init(1, 1),
-      .init(2, 2),
-      .init(3, 3),
-      .init(4, 5),
-      .init(5, 8),
-      .init(6, 13),
-      .init(7, 21),
-      .init(8, 34),
-      .init(9, 55),
-      // 1,2,3,5,8,13,21,34,55
-    ]
-    
-    testAlgorithm(
-      name: "Ways to ClimbStairs to reach `n`",
-      with: testCases
-    ) { input in
-      findNumberOfWaysToClimbStairs(toReach: input)
-    }
-  }
-}
diff --git a/Tests/SwiftyAlgorithmsTests/Geometry/OverlappingRectangleTests.swift b/Tests/SwiftyAlgorithmsTests/Geometry/OverlappingRectangleTests.swift
index f2082bb..9c31136 100644
--- a/Tests/SwiftyAlgorithmsTests/Geometry/OverlappingRectangleTests.swift
+++ b/Tests/SwiftyAlgorithmsTests/Geometry/OverlappingRectangleTests.swift
@@ -13,19 +13,19 @@ final class OverlappingRectangleTests: XCTestCase {
 
   func testIntersectingRectangles() {
     let testCases: [AlgorithmTestCase] = [
-      .init([[0, 0, 4, 4], [2, 2, 6, 6]], true, "Partially Overlapping"),
-      .init([[0, 0, 2, 2], [3, 3, 5, 5]], false, "Non-Overlapping"),
-      .init([[0, 0, 6, 6], [2, 2, 4, 4]], true, "One Rectangle Inside Another"),
-      .init([[0, 0, 4, 4], [4, 0, 6, 3]], false, "Touching at Edge (Non-Overlapping)"),
-      .init([[0, 0, 3, 3], [3, 3, 6, 6]],  false, "Touching at Corner (Non-Overlapping)"),
-      .init([[0, 0, 2, 2], [3, 3, 4, 4]], false, "Inverted Rectangle")
+      AlgorithmTestCase([[0, 0, 4, 4], [2, 2, 6, 6]], 1, "Partially Overlapping"),
+      AlgorithmTestCase([[0, 0, 2, 2], [3, 3, 5, 5]], 0, "Non-Overlapping"),
+      AlgorithmTestCase([[0, 0, 6, 6], [2, 2, 4, 4]], 1, "One Rectangle Inside Another"),
+      AlgorithmTestCase([[0, 0, 4, 4], [4, 0, 6, 3]], 0, "Touching at Edge (Non-Overlapping)"),
+      AlgorithmTestCase([[0, 0, 3, 3], [3, 3, 6, 6]],  0, "Touching at Corner (Non-Overlapping)"),
+      AlgorithmTestCase([[0, 0, 2, 2], [3, 3, 4, 4]], 0, "Inverted Rectangle")
   ]
 
     testAlgorithm(
       name: "IntersectingRectangle",
       with: testCases
     ) { input in
-      checkIfRectanglesIntersectingEachOther(with: input)
+      return checkIfRectanglesIntersectingEachOther(with: input) ? 1 : 0
     }
   }
 }