diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 0f6767c2a..dec5256d0 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@ inst/doc
 /doc/
 /Meta/
 CRAN-SUBMISSION
+benchmarks/data
 paper/data
 .idea/
 .vsc/
-paper/data
\ No newline at end of file
+paper/data
diff --git a/benchmarks/rf_use_case/Rplots.pdf b/benchmarks/rf_use_case/Rplots.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..243ae234c
Binary files /dev/null and b/benchmarks/rf_use_case/Rplots.pdf differ
diff --git a/benchmarks/rf_use_case/get_data.R b/benchmarks/rf_use_case/get_data.R
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5d39c67c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmarks/rf_use_case/get_data.R
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+library(here)
+library(mlr3oml)
+library(tidytable)
+
+cc18_collection = ocl(99)
+
+cc18_simple = list_oml_data(data_id = cc18_collection$data_ids,
+              number_classes = 2,
+              number_missing_values = 0)
+
+cc18_small = cc18_simple |>
+  filter(NumberOfSymbolicFeatures == 1) |> # the target class is a symbolic feature
+  select(data_id, name, NumberOfFeatures, NumberOfInstances) |>
+  filter(name %in% c("qsar-biodeg", "madelon", "kc1", "blood-transfusion-service-center", "climate-model-simulation-crashes"))
+
+data_dir =  here("benchmarks", "data")
+if (!dir.exists(data_dir)) {
+  dir.create(data_dir)
+}
+
+options(mlr3oml.cache = here(data_dir, "oml"))
+mlr3misc::pwalk(cc18_small, function(data_id, name, NumberOfFeatures, NumberOfInstances) odt(data_id))
+
+dir.create(here("benchmarks", "data", "oml", "collections"))
+fwrite(cc18_small, here("benchmarks", "data", "oml", "collections", "cc18_small.csv"))
diff --git a/benchmarks/rf_use_case/install_packages.R b/benchmarks/rf_use_case/install_packages.R
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9262c2a77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmarks/rf_use_case/install_packages.R
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+devtools::install_github("mlr-org/mlr3torch")
+devtools::install_github("mlr-org/mlr3tuning@fix/int-tune-trafo")
+
+# Package names
+packages = c("here", "mlr3oml", "tidytable", "mlr3", "mlr3learners", "mlr3tuning", "mlr3mbo", "bbotk", "bench", "data.table")
+
+# Install packages not yet installed
+installed_packages = packages %in% rownames(installed.packages())
+if (any(installed_packages == FALSE)) {
+  install.packages(packages[!installed_packages], repos = "https://ftp.fau.de/cran/")
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/benchmarks/rf_use_case/run_benchmark.R b/benchmarks/rf_use_case/run_benchmark.R
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cc2c71cd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmarks/rf_use_case/run_benchmark.R
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+library(mlr3verse)
+library(mlr3oml)
+library(mlr3torch)
+library(mlr3batchmark)
+library(mlr3mbo)
+library(mlr3tuning)
+
+ids = c(1067, 1464, 1485, 1494, 40994)
+task_list = lapply(ids, function(id) tsk("oml", data_id = id))
+
+mlp = lrn("classif.mlp",
+  activation = nn_relu,
+  n_layers = to_tune(lower = 1, upper = 10),
+  neurons = to_tune(p_int(lower = 10, upper = 1000)),
+  batch_size = to_tune(c(64, 128, 256)),
+  p = to_tune(0.1, 0.9),
+  epochs = to_tune(lower = 1, upper = 1000L, internal = TRUE),
+  validate = "test",
+  measures_valid = msr("classif.logloss"),
+  patience = 10,
+  device = "auto",
+  predict_type = "prob"
+)
+
+mlp$encapsulate("callr", lrn("classif.featureless"))
+
+surrogate = srlrn(as_learner(po("imputesample", affect_columns = selector_type("logical")) %>>%
+  po("imputeoor", multiplier = 3, affect_columns = selector_type(c("integer", "numeric", "character", "factor", "ordered"))) %>>%
+  po("colapply", applicator = as.factor, affect_columns = selector_type("character")) %>>%
+  lrn("regr.ranger")), catch_errors = TRUE)
+
+# define an AutoTuner that wraps the classif.mlp
+at = auto_tuner(
+  learner = mlp,
+  tuner = tnr("mbo", surrogate = surrogate),
+  resampling = rsmp("cv", folds = 5),
+  measure = msr("internal_valid_score", minimize = TRUE),
+  term_evals = 1
+)
+
+lrn_rf = lrn("classif.ranger")
+
+design = benchmark_grid(
+  task_list,
+  learners = list(at, lrn_rf),
+  resampling = rsmp("cv", folds = 3)
+)
+
+design1 = benchmark_grid(
+  task_list[[1]],
+  learners = list(at, lrn_rf),
+  resampling = rsmp("holdout")
+)
+
+benchmark(design1)
+
+reg = makeExperimentRegistry(
+  file.dir = here("benchmarks", "rf_use_case", "reg"),
+  packages = c("mlr3verse", "mlr3oml", "mlr3torch", "batchmark")
+)
+
+batchmark(design)
diff --git a/benchmarks/rf_use_case/single_task.R b/benchmarks/rf_use_case/single_task.R
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5dd830924
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmarks/rf_use_case/single_task.R
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+library(mlr3)
+library(mlr3learners)
+library(mlr3oml)
+library(mlr3torch)
+library(mlr3tuning)
+library(mlr3mbo)
+library(bbotk)
+
+library(bench)
+library(data.table)
+library(here)
+
+options(mlr3oml.cache = here("benchmarks", "data", "oml"))
+
+# define the tasks
+cc18_small = fread(here(getOption("mlr3oml.cache"), "collections", "cc18_small.csv"))
+
+task_list = mlr3misc::pmap(cc18_small, function(data_id, name, NumberOfFeatures, NumberOfInstances) tsk("oml", data_id = data_id))
+
+task_list
+
+# define the learners
+# neurons = function(n_layers, latent_dim) {
+#   rep(latent_dim, n_layers)
+# }
+
+# n_layers_values <- 1:5
+# latent_dim_values <- seq(10, 200, by = 20)
+# neurons_search_space <- mapply(
+#   neurons,
+#   expand.grid(n_layers = n_layers_values, latent_dim = latent_dim_values)$n_layers,
+#   expand.grid(n_layers = n_layers_values, latent_dim = latent_dim_values)$latent_dim,
+#   SIMPLIFY = FALSE
+# )
+
+mlp = lrn("classif.mlp",
+  activation = nn_relu,
+  neurons = to_tune(ps(
+    n_layers = p_int(lower = 1, upper = 10), latent = p_int(10, 500),
+    .extra_trafo = function(x, param_set) {
+      list(neurons = rep(x$latent, x$n_layers))
+    })
+  ),
+  # neurons = to_tune(neurons_search_space),
+  batch_size = to_tune(c(64, 128, 256)),
+  p = to_tune(0.1, 0.7),
+  epochs = to_tune(upper = 1000L, internal = TRUE),
+  validate = "test",
+  measures_valid = msr("classif.acc"),
+  patience = 10,
+  device = "cpu"
+)
+
+mlp$encapsulate("callr", lrn("classif.featureless"))
+
+# define an AutoTuner that wraps the classif.mlp
+at = auto_tuner(
+  learner = mlp,
+  tuner = tnr("mbo"),
+  resampling = rsmp("cv", folds = 5),
+  measure = msr("classif.acc"),
+  term_evals = 10
+)
+
+future::plan("multisession", workers = 8)
+
+lrn_rf = lrn("classif.ranger")
+
+options(mlr3.exec_random = FALSE)
+
+design = benchmark_grid(
+  task_list[[1]],
+  learners = list(at, lrn_rf),
+  resampling = rsmp("cv", folds = 3)
+)
+design = design[order(mlr3misc::ids(learner)), ]
+
+time = bench::system_time(
+  bmr <- benchmark(design)
+)
+
+bmrdt = as.data.table(bmr)
+
+fwrite(bmrdt, here("R", "rf_use_case", "results", "bmrdt.csv"))
+fwrite(time, here("R", "rf_use_case", "results", "time.csv"))
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/benchmarks/rf_use_case/view_results.R b/benchmarks/rf_use_case/view_results.R
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8b3da5f4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmarks/rf_use_case/view_results.R
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+library(data.table)
+library(mlr3)
+
+library(here)
+
+bmr_ce = fread(here("benchmarks", "rf_use_case", "results", "bmr_ce.csv"))
+
+bmr_ce
+
+time = fread(here("benchmarks", "rf_use_case", "results", "time.csv"))
+
+time