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parse.c
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// Compiler implementation of the D programming language
// Copyright (c) 1999-2011 by Digital Mars
// All Rights Reserved
// written by Walter Bright
// http://www.digitalmars.com
// License for redistribution is by either the Artistic License
// in artistic.txt, or the GNU General Public License in gnu.txt.
// See the included readme.txt for details.
// This is the D parser
#include <stdio.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include "rmem.h"
#include "lexer.h"
#include "parse.h"
#include "init.h"
#include "attrib.h"
#include "cond.h"
#include "mtype.h"
#include "template.h"
#include "staticassert.h"
#include "expression.h"
#include "statement.h"
#include "module.h"
#include "dsymbol.h"
#include "import.h"
#include "declaration.h"
#include "aggregate.h"
#include "enum.h"
#include "id.h"
#include "version.h"
#include "aliasthis.h"
// How multiple declarations are parsed.
// If 1, treat as C.
// If 0, treat:
// int *p, i;
// as:
// int* p;
// int* i;
#define CDECLSYNTAX 0
// Support C cast syntax:
// (type)(expression)
#define CCASTSYNTAX 1
// Support postfix C array declarations, such as
// int a[3][4];
#define CARRAYDECL 1
// Support D1 inout
#define D1INOUT 0
Parser::Parser(Module *module, unsigned char *base, unsigned length, int doDocComment)
: Lexer(module, base, 0, length, doDocComment, 0)
{
//printf("Parser::Parser()\n");
md = NULL;
linkage = LINKd;
endloc = 0;
inBrackets = 0;
//nextToken(); // start up the scanner
}
Dsymbols *Parser::parseModule()
{
Dsymbols *decldefs;
// ModuleDeclation leads off
if (token.value == TOKmodule)
{
unsigned char *comment = token.blockComment;
bool safe = FALSE;
nextToken();
#if 0 && DMDV2
if (token.value == TOKlparen)
{
nextToken();
if (token.value != TOKidentifier)
{ error("module (system) identifier expected");
goto Lerr;
}
Identifier *id = token.ident;
if (id == Id::system)
safe = TRUE;
else
error("(safe) expected, not %s", id->toChars());
nextToken();
check(TOKrparen);
}
#endif
if (token.value != TOKidentifier)
{ error("Identifier expected following module");
goto Lerr;
}
else
{
Identifiers *a = NULL;
Identifier *id;
id = token.ident;
while (nextToken() == TOKdot)
{
if (!a)
a = new Identifiers();
a->push(id);
nextToken();
if (token.value != TOKidentifier)
{ error("Identifier expected following package");
goto Lerr;
}
id = token.ident;
}
md = new ModuleDeclaration(a, id, safe);
if (token.value != TOKsemicolon)
error("';' expected following module declaration instead of %s", token.toChars());
nextToken();
addComment(mod, comment);
}
}
decldefs = parseDeclDefs(0);
if (token.value != TOKeof)
{ error("unrecognized declaration");
goto Lerr;
}
return decldefs;
Lerr:
while (token.value != TOKsemicolon && token.value != TOKeof)
nextToken();
nextToken();
return new Dsymbols();
}
Dsymbols *Parser::parseDeclDefs(int once)
{ Dsymbol *s;
Dsymbols *decldefs;
Dsymbols *a;
Dsymbols *aelse;
enum PROT prot;
StorageClass stc;
StorageClass storageClass;
Condition *condition;
unsigned char *comment;
//printf("Parser::parseDeclDefs()\n");
decldefs = new Dsymbols();
do
{
comment = token.blockComment;
storageClass = STCundefined;
switch (token.value)
{
case TOKenum:
{ /* Determine if this is a manifest constant declaration,
* or a conventional enum.
*/
Token *t = peek(&token);
if (t->value == TOKlcurly || t->value == TOKcolon)
s = parseEnum();
else if (t->value != TOKidentifier)
goto Ldeclaration;
else
{
t = peek(t);
if (t->value == TOKlcurly || t->value == TOKcolon ||
t->value == TOKsemicolon)
s = parseEnum();
else
goto Ldeclaration;
}
break;
}
case TOKstruct:
case TOKunion:
case TOKclass:
case TOKinterface:
s = parseAggregate();
break;
case TOKimport:
s = parseImport(decldefs, 0);
break;
case TOKtemplate:
s = (Dsymbol *)parseTemplateDeclaration(0);
break;
case TOKmixin:
{ Loc loc = this->loc;
switch (peekNext())
{
case TOKlparen:
{ // mixin(string)
nextToken();
check(TOKlparen, "mixin");
Expression *e = parseAssignExp();
check(TOKrparen);
check(TOKsemicolon);
s = new CompileDeclaration(loc, e);
break;
}
case TOKtemplate:
// mixin template
nextToken();
s = (Dsymbol *)parseTemplateDeclaration(1);
break;
default:
s = parseMixin();
break;
}
break;
}
case BASIC_TYPES:
case TOKalias:
case TOKtypedef:
case TOKidentifier:
case TOKtypeof:
case TOKdot:
Ldeclaration:
a = parseDeclarations(STCundefined, NULL);
decldefs->append(a);
continue;
case TOKthis:
s = parseCtor();
break;
#if 0 // dead end, use this(this){} instead
case TOKassign:
s = parsePostBlit();
break;
#endif
case TOKtilde:
s = parseDtor();
break;
case TOKinvariant:
{ Token *t;
t = peek(&token);
if (t->value == TOKlparen)
{
if (peek(t)->value == TOKrparen)
// invariant() forms start of class invariant
s = parseInvariant();
else
// invariant(type)
goto Ldeclaration;
}
else
{
stc = STCimmutable;
goto Lstc;
}
break;
}
case TOKunittest:
s = parseUnitTest();
break;
case TOKnew:
s = parseNew();
break;
case TOKdelete:
s = parseDelete();
break;
case TOKeof:
case TOKrcurly:
return decldefs;
case TOKstatic:
nextToken();
if (token.value == TOKthis)
s = parseStaticCtor();
else if (token.value == TOKtilde)
s = parseStaticDtor();
else if (token.value == TOKassert)
s = parseStaticAssert();
else if (token.value == TOKif)
{ condition = parseStaticIfCondition();
a = parseBlock();
aelse = NULL;
if (token.value == TOKelse)
{ nextToken();
aelse = parseBlock();
}
s = new StaticIfDeclaration(condition, a, aelse);
break;
}
else if (token.value == TOKimport)
{
s = parseImport(decldefs, 1);
}
else
{ stc = STCstatic;
goto Lstc2;
}
break;
case TOKconst:
if (peekNext() == TOKlparen)
goto Ldeclaration;
stc = STCconst;
goto Lstc;
case TOKimmutable:
if (peekNext() == TOKlparen)
goto Ldeclaration;
stc = STCimmutable;
goto Lstc;
case TOKshared:
{ TOK next = peekNext();
if (next == TOKlparen)
goto Ldeclaration;
if (next == TOKstatic)
{ TOK next2 = peekNext2();
if (next2 == TOKthis)
{ s = parseSharedStaticCtor();
break;
}
if (next2 == TOKtilde)
{ s = parseSharedStaticDtor();
break;
}
}
stc = STCshared;
goto Lstc;
}
case TOKwild:
if (peekNext() == TOKlparen)
goto Ldeclaration;
stc = STCwild;
goto Lstc;
case TOKfinal: stc = STCfinal; goto Lstc;
case TOKauto: stc = STCauto; goto Lstc;
case TOKscope: stc = STCscope; goto Lstc;
case TOKoverride: stc = STCoverride; goto Lstc;
case TOKabstract: stc = STCabstract; goto Lstc;
case TOKsynchronized: stc = STCsynchronized; goto Lstc;
case TOKdeprecated: stc = STCdeprecated; goto Lstc;
#if DMDV2
case TOKnothrow: stc = STCnothrow; goto Lstc;
case TOKpure: stc = STCpure; goto Lstc;
case TOKref: stc = STCref; goto Lstc;
case TOKtls: stc = STCtls; goto Lstc;
case TOKgshared: stc = STCgshared; goto Lstc;
//case TOKmanifest: stc = STCmanifest; goto Lstc;
case TOKat: stc = parseAttribute(); goto Lstc;
#endif
Lstc:
if (storageClass & stc)
error("redundant storage class %s", Token::toChars(token.value));
composeStorageClass(storageClass | stc);
nextToken();
Lstc2:
storageClass |= stc;
switch (token.value)
{
case TOKconst:
case TOKinvariant:
case TOKimmutable:
case TOKshared:
case TOKwild:
// If followed by a (, it is not a storage class
if (peek(&token)->value == TOKlparen)
break;
if (token.value == TOKconst)
stc = STCconst;
else if (token.value == TOKshared)
stc = STCshared;
else if (token.value == TOKwild)
stc = STCwild;
else
stc = STCimmutable;
goto Lstc;
case TOKfinal: stc = STCfinal; goto Lstc;
case TOKauto: stc = STCauto; goto Lstc;
case TOKscope: stc = STCscope; goto Lstc;
case TOKoverride: stc = STCoverride; goto Lstc;
case TOKabstract: stc = STCabstract; goto Lstc;
case TOKsynchronized: stc = STCsynchronized; goto Lstc;
case TOKdeprecated: stc = STCdeprecated; goto Lstc;
case TOKnothrow: stc = STCnothrow; goto Lstc;
case TOKpure: stc = STCpure; goto Lstc;
case TOKref: stc = STCref; goto Lstc;
case TOKtls: stc = STCtls; goto Lstc;
case TOKgshared: stc = STCgshared; goto Lstc;
//case TOKmanifest: stc = STCmanifest; goto Lstc;
case TOKat: stc = parseAttribute(); goto Lstc;
default:
break;
}
/* Look for auto initializers:
* storage_class identifier = initializer;
*/
if (token.value == TOKidentifier &&
peek(&token)->value == TOKassign)
{
a = parseAutoDeclarations(storageClass, comment);
decldefs->append(a);
continue;
}
/* Look for return type inference for template functions.
*/
Token *tk;
if (token.value == TOKidentifier &&
(tk = peek(&token))->value == TOKlparen &&
skipParens(tk, &tk) &&
((tk = peek(tk)), 1) &&
skipAttributes(tk, &tk) &&
(tk->value == TOKlparen ||
tk->value == TOKlcurly)
)
{
a = parseDeclarations(storageClass, comment);
decldefs->append(a);
continue;
}
a = parseBlock();
s = new StorageClassDeclaration(storageClass, a);
break;
case TOKextern:
if (peek(&token)->value != TOKlparen)
{ stc = STCextern;
goto Lstc;
}
{
enum LINK linksave = linkage;
linkage = parseLinkage();
a = parseBlock();
s = new LinkDeclaration(linkage, a);
linkage = linksave;
break;
}
case TOKprivate: prot = PROTprivate; goto Lprot;
case TOKpackage: prot = PROTpackage; goto Lprot;
case TOKprotected: prot = PROTprotected; goto Lprot;
case TOKpublic: prot = PROTpublic; goto Lprot;
case TOKexport: prot = PROTexport; goto Lprot;
Lprot:
nextToken();
switch (token.value)
{
case TOKprivate:
case TOKpackage:
case TOKprotected:
case TOKpublic:
case TOKexport:
error("redundant protection attribute");
break;
}
a = parseBlock();
s = new ProtDeclaration(prot, a);
break;
case TOKalign:
{ unsigned n;
s = NULL;
nextToken();
if (token.value == TOKlparen)
{
nextToken();
if (token.value == TOKint32v && token.uns64value > 0)
n = (unsigned)token.uns64value;
else
{ error("positive integer expected, not %s", token.toChars());
n = 1;
}
nextToken();
check(TOKrparen);
}
else
n = global.structalign; // default
a = parseBlock();
s = new AlignDeclaration(n, a);
break;
}
case TOKpragma:
{ Identifier *ident;
Expressions *args = NULL;
nextToken();
check(TOKlparen);
if (token.value != TOKidentifier)
{ error("pragma(identifier expected");
goto Lerror;
}
ident = token.ident;
nextToken();
if (token.value == TOKcomma && peekNext() != TOKrparen)
args = parseArguments(); // pragma(identifier, args...)
else
check(TOKrparen); // pragma(identifier)
if (token.value == TOKsemicolon)
a = NULL;
else
a = parseBlock();
s = new PragmaDeclaration(loc, ident, args, a);
break;
}
case TOKdebug:
nextToken();
if (token.value == TOKassign)
{
nextToken();
if (token.value == TOKidentifier)
s = new DebugSymbol(loc, token.ident);
else if (token.value == TOKint32v)
s = new DebugSymbol(loc, (unsigned)token.uns64value);
else
{ error("identifier or integer expected, not %s", token.toChars());
s = NULL;
}
nextToken();
if (token.value != TOKsemicolon)
error("semicolon expected");
nextToken();
break;
}
condition = parseDebugCondition();
goto Lcondition;
case TOKversion:
nextToken();
if (token.value == TOKassign)
{
nextToken();
if (token.value == TOKidentifier)
s = new VersionSymbol(loc, token.ident);
else if (token.value == TOKint32v)
s = new VersionSymbol(loc, (unsigned)token.uns64value);
else
{ error("identifier or integer expected, not %s", token.toChars());
s = NULL;
}
nextToken();
if (token.value != TOKsemicolon)
error("semicolon expected");
nextToken();
break;
}
condition = parseVersionCondition();
goto Lcondition;
Lcondition:
a = parseBlock();
aelse = NULL;
if (token.value == TOKelse)
{ nextToken();
aelse = parseBlock();
}
s = new ConditionalDeclaration(condition, a, aelse);
break;
case TOKsemicolon: // empty declaration
//error("empty declaration");
nextToken();
continue;
default:
error("Declaration expected, not '%s'",token.toChars());
Lerror:
while (token.value != TOKsemicolon && token.value != TOKeof)
nextToken();
nextToken();
s = NULL;
continue;
}
if (s)
{ decldefs->push(s);
addComment(s, comment);
}
} while (!once);
return decldefs;
}
/*********************************************
* Give error on conflicting storage classes.
*/
#if DMDV2
void Parser::composeStorageClass(StorageClass stc)
{
StorageClass u = stc;
u &= STCconst | STCimmutable | STCmanifest;
if (u & (u - 1))
error("conflicting storage class %s", Token::toChars(token.value));
u = stc;
u &= STCgshared | STCshared | STCtls;
if (u & (u - 1))
error("conflicting storage class %s", Token::toChars(token.value));
u = stc;
u &= STCsafe | STCsystem | STCtrusted;
if (u & (u - 1))
error("conflicting attribute @%s", token.toChars());
}
#endif
/***********************************************
* Parse storage class, lexer is on '@'
*/
#if DMDV2
StorageClass Parser::parseAttribute()
{
nextToken();
StorageClass stc = 0;
if (token.value != TOKidentifier)
{
error("identifier expected after @, not %s", token.toChars());
}
else if (token.ident == Id::property)
stc = STCproperty;
else if (token.ident == Id::safe)
stc = STCsafe;
else if (token.ident == Id::trusted)
stc = STCtrusted;
else if (token.ident == Id::system)
stc = STCsystem;
else if (token.ident == Id::disable)
stc = STCdisable;
else
error("valid attribute identifiers are @property, @safe, @trusted, @system, @disable not @%s", token.toChars());
return stc;
}
#endif
/***********************************************
* Parse const/immutable/shared/inout/nothrow/pure postfix
*/
StorageClass Parser::parsePostfix()
{
StorageClass stc = 0;
while (1)
{
switch (token.value)
{
case TOKconst: stc |= STCconst; break;
case TOKinvariant:
if (!global.params.useDeprecated)
error("use of 'invariant' rather than 'immutable' is deprecated");
case TOKimmutable: stc |= STCimmutable; break;
case TOKshared: stc |= STCshared; break;
case TOKwild: stc |= STCwild; break;
case TOKnothrow: stc |= STCnothrow; break;
case TOKpure: stc |= STCpure; break;
case TOKat: stc |= parseAttribute(); break;
default:
composeStorageClass(stc);
return stc;
}
nextToken();
}
}
/********************************************
* Parse declarations after an align, protection, or extern decl.
*/
Dsymbols *Parser::parseBlock()
{
Dsymbols *a = NULL;
Dsymbol *s;
//printf("parseBlock()\n");
switch (token.value)
{
case TOKsemicolon:
error("declaration expected following attribute, not ';'");
nextToken();
break;
case TOKeof:
error("declaration expected following attribute, not EOF");
break;
case TOKlcurly:
nextToken();
a = parseDeclDefs(0);
if (token.value != TOKrcurly)
{ /* { */
error("matching '}' expected, not %s", token.toChars());
}
else
nextToken();
break;
case TOKcolon:
nextToken();
#if 0
a = NULL;
#else
a = parseDeclDefs(0); // grab declarations up to closing curly bracket
#endif
break;
default:
a = parseDeclDefs(1);
break;
}
return a;
}
/**********************************
* Parse a static assertion.
*/
StaticAssert *Parser::parseStaticAssert()
{
Loc loc = this->loc;
Expression *exp;
Expression *msg = NULL;
//printf("parseStaticAssert()\n");
nextToken();
check(TOKlparen);
exp = parseAssignExp();
if (token.value == TOKcomma)
{ nextToken();
msg = parseAssignExp();
}
check(TOKrparen);
check(TOKsemicolon);
return new StaticAssert(loc, exp, msg);
}
/***********************************
* Parse typeof(expression).
* Current token is on the 'typeof'.
*/
#if DMDV2
TypeQualified *Parser::parseTypeof()
{ TypeQualified *t;
Loc loc = this->loc;
nextToken();
check(TOKlparen);
if (token.value == TOKreturn) // typeof(return)
{
nextToken();
t = new TypeReturn(loc);
}
else
{ Expression *exp = parseExpression(); // typeof(expression)
t = new TypeTypeof(loc, exp);
}
check(TOKrparen);
return t;
}
#endif
/***********************************
* Parse extern (linkage)
* The parser is on the 'extern' token.
*/
enum LINK Parser::parseLinkage()
{
enum LINK link = LINKdefault;
nextToken();
assert(token.value == TOKlparen);
nextToken();
if (token.value == TOKidentifier)
{ Identifier *id = token.ident;
nextToken();
if (id == Id::Windows)
link = LINKwindows;
else if (id == Id::Pascal)
link = LINKpascal;
else if (id == Id::D)
link = LINKd;
else if (id == Id::C)
{
link = LINKc;
if (token.value == TOKplusplus)
{ link = LINKcpp;
nextToken();
}
}
else if (id == Id::System)
{
#if _WIN32
link = LINKwindows;
#else
link = LINKc;
#endif
}
else
{
error("valid linkage identifiers are D, C, C++, Pascal, Windows, System");
link = LINKd;
}
}
else
{
link = LINKd; // default
}
check(TOKrparen);
return link;
}
/**************************************
* Parse a debug conditional
*/
Condition *Parser::parseDebugCondition()
{
Condition *c;
if (token.value == TOKlparen)
{
nextToken();
unsigned level = 1;
Identifier *id = NULL;
if (token.value == TOKidentifier)
id = token.ident;
else if (token.value == TOKint32v)
level = (unsigned)token.uns64value;
else
error("identifier or integer expected, not %s", token.toChars());
nextToken();
check(TOKrparen);
c = new DebugCondition(mod, level, id);
}
else
c = new DebugCondition(mod, 1, NULL);
return c;
}
/**************************************
* Parse a version conditional
*/
Condition *Parser::parseVersionCondition()
{
Condition *c;
unsigned level = 1;
Identifier *id = NULL;
if (token.value == TOKlparen)
{
nextToken();
if (token.value == TOKidentifier)
id = token.ident;
else if (token.value == TOKint32v)
level = (unsigned)token.uns64value;
#if DMDV2
/* Allow:
* version (unittest)
* even though unittest is a keyword
*/
else if (token.value == TOKunittest)
id = Lexer::idPool(Token::toChars(TOKunittest));
#endif
else
error("identifier or integer expected, not %s", token.toChars());
nextToken();
check(TOKrparen);
}
else
error("(condition) expected following version");
c = new VersionCondition(mod, level, id);
return c;
}
/***********************************************
* static if (expression)
* body
* else
* body
*/
Condition *Parser::parseStaticIfCondition()
{ Expression *exp;
Condition *condition;
Dsymbols *aif;
Dsymbols *aelse;
Loc loc = this->loc;
nextToken();
if (token.value == TOKlparen)
{
nextToken();
exp = parseAssignExp();
check(TOKrparen);
}
else
{ error("(expression) expected following static if");
exp = NULL;
}
condition = new StaticIfCondition(loc, exp);
return condition;
}
/*****************************************
* Parse a constructor definition:
* this(parameters) { body }
* or postblit:
* this(this) { body }
* or constructor template:
* this(templateparameters)(parameters) { body }
* Current token is 'this'.
*/
Dsymbol *Parser::parseCtor()
{
Loc loc = this->loc;
nextToken();
if (token.value == TOKlparen && peek(&token)->value == TOKthis)
{ // this(this) { ... }
nextToken();
nextToken();
check(TOKrparen);
PostBlitDeclaration *f = new PostBlitDeclaration(loc, 0);
parseContracts(f);
return f;
}
/* Look ahead to see if:
* this(...)(...)
* which is a constructor template
*/
TemplateParameters *tpl = NULL;
if (token.value == TOKlparen && peekPastParen(&token)->value == TOKlparen)
{ tpl = parseTemplateParameterList();
int varargs;
Parameters *parameters = parseParameters(&varargs);
StorageClass stc = parsePostfix();
Expression *constraint = tpl ? parseConstraint() : NULL;
Type *tf = new TypeFunction(parameters, NULL, varargs, linkage, stc); // RetrunType -> auto
CtorDeclaration *f = new CtorDeclaration(loc, 0, stc, tf);
parseContracts(f);
// Wrap a template around it
Dsymbols *decldefs = new Dsymbols();
decldefs->push(f);
TemplateDeclaration *tempdecl =
new TemplateDeclaration(loc, f->ident, tpl, constraint, decldefs, 0);
return tempdecl;
}
/* Just a regular constructor
*/
int varargs;
Parameters *parameters = parseParameters(&varargs);
StorageClass stc = parsePostfix();
Type *tf = new TypeFunction(parameters, NULL, varargs, linkage, stc); // RetrunType -> auto
CtorDeclaration *f = new CtorDeclaration(loc, 0, stc, tf);
parseContracts(f);
return f;
}
/*****************************************
* Parse a postblit definition:
* =this() { body }
* Current token is '='.
*/