diff --git a/.github/workflows/build-and-push-images.yml b/.github/workflows/build-and-push-images.yml
index b6b26f4..a8941ab 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build-and-push-images.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build-and-push-images.yml
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: lewagon/wait-on-check-action@v1.3.1
         with:
           ref: ${{ github.ref }}
-          check-name: 'build base image'
+          check-name: "build base image"
           repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           wait-interval: 10
 
@@ -74,8 +74,8 @@ jobs:
       - name: push developer-cpu image
         run: docker push ${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME_PREFIX }}/developer-cpu:latest
 
-  build-cuda-sm70:
-    name: build cuda-sm70 images
+  build-cuda-sm89:
+    name: build cuda-sm89 images
     if: github.event_name != 'pull_request'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: lewagon/wait-on-check-action@v1.3.1
         with:
           ref: ${{ github.ref }}
-          check-name: 'build base image'
+          check-name: "build base image"
           repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           wait-interval: 10
 
@@ -97,29 +97,29 @@ jobs:
           username: ${{ github.actor }}
           password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
 
-      - name: build cuda-sm70 image
+      - name: build cuda-sm89 image
         run: |
-          docker-compose build --build-arg cuda_arch_sm=70 cuda
+          docker-compose build --build-arg cuda_arch_sm=89 cuda
           docker image tag ${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME_PREFIX }}/cuda:latest \
-            ${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME_PREFIX }}/cuda-sm70:latest
+            ${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME_PREFIX }}/cuda-sm89:latest
 
-      - name: push cuda-sm70 image
-        run: docker push ${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME_PREFIX }}/cuda-sm70:latest
+      - name: push cuda-sm89 image
+        run: docker push ${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME_PREFIX }}/cuda-sm89:latest
 
-      - name: build cuda-tpls-sm70 image
+      - name: build cuda-tpls-sm89 image
         run: |
-          docker-compose build --build-arg cuda_arch_sm=70 cuda-tpls
+          docker-compose build --build-arg cuda_arch_sm=89 cuda-tpls
           docker image tag ${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME_PREFIX }}/cuda-tpls:latest \
-            ${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME_PREFIX }}/cuda-tpls-sm70:latest
+            ${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME_PREFIX }}/cuda-tpls-sm89:latest
 
-      - name: push cuda-tpls-sm70 image
-        run: docker push ${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME_PREFIX }}/cuda-tpls-sm70:latest
+      - name: push cuda-tpls-sm89 image
+        run: docker push ${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME_PREFIX }}/cuda-tpls-sm89:latest
 
-      - name: build developer-cuda-sm70 image
+      - name: build developer-cuda-sm89 image
         run: |
-          docker-compose build --build-arg base_image=cuda-tpls-sm70 developer-cuda
+          docker-compose build --build-arg base_image=cuda-tpls-sm89 developer-cuda
           docker image tag ${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME_PREFIX }}/developer-cuda:latest \
-            ${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME_PREFIX }}/developer-cuda-sm70:latest
+            ${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME_PREFIX }}/developer-cuda-sm89:latest
 
-      - name: push developer-cuda-sm70 image
-        run: docker push ${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME_PREFIX }}/developer-cuda-sm70:latest
+      - name: push developer-cuda-sm89 image
+        run: docker push ${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME_PREFIX }}/developer-cuda-sm89:latest
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index aedd7f6..12c3da4 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -18,38 +18,38 @@ Both types are available in the following configurations:
 
 - [`cpu`](https://github.com/mfem/containers/pkgs/container/containers%2Fcpu)
     - OpenMPI 4.1.2
-    - hypre 2.27
+    - hypre 2.31.0
 
-- [`cuda-sm70`](https://github.com/mfem/containers/pkgs/container/containers%2Fcuda-sm70)
-    - CUDA toolkit 11.8
+- [`cuda-sm89`](https://github.com/mfem/containers/pkgs/container/containers%2Fcuda-sm89)
+    - CUDA toolkit 12.9
     - OpenMPI 4.1.2
-    - hypre 2.27
+    - hypre 2.31.0
 
 - [`cpu-tpls`](https://github.com/mfem/containers/pkgs/container/containers%2Fcpu-tpls)
     - OpenMPI 4.1.2
-    - hypre 2.27.0
+    - hypre 2.31.0
     - SuperLU_dist 8.2.1
     - PETSc 3.20.2
 
-- [`cuda-tpls-sm70`](https://github.com/mfem/containers/pkgs/container/containers%2Fcuda-tpls-sm70)
-    - CUDA toolkit 11.8
+- [`cuda-tpls-sm89`](https://github.com/mfem/containers/pkgs/container/containers%2Fcuda-tpls-sm89)
+    - CUDA toolkit 12.9
     - OpenMPI 4.1.2
-    - hypre 2.27.0
+    - hypre 2.31.0
     - AmgX 8.2.1
 
 - [`developer-cpu`](https://github.com/mfem/containers/pkgs/container/containers%2Fdeveloper-cpu)
     - extension of `cpu-tpls` that includes a development environment with VSCode server and GLVis
     - see the MFEM [AWS tutorial](https://mfem.org/tutorial/docker) for details
- 
-- [`developer-cuda-sm70`](https://github.com/mfem/containers/pkgs/container/containers%2Fdeveloper-cuda-sm70)
-    - extension of `cuda-tpls-sm70` that includes a development environment with VSCode server and GLVis
+
+- [`developer-cuda-sm89`](https://github.com/mfem/containers/pkgs/container/containers%2Fdeveloper-cuda-sm89)
+    - extension of `cuda-tpls-sm89` that includes a development environment with VSCode server and GLVis
     - see the MFEM [AWS tutorial](https://mfem.org/tutorial/docker) for details
 
-Note that the `cuda` images require the host has the 
+Note that the `cuda` images require the host has the
 [NVIDIA Container Toolkit](https://docs.nvidia.com/datacenter/cloud-native/container-toolkit/latest/install-guide.html) to installed and configured.
 
 Note also that the `cuda` images have MFEM and its third-party libraries configured for
-CUDA `sm_70`. You can create your own image that support a different compute capability with
+CUDA `sm_89`. You can create your own image that support a different compute capability (e.g. sm_80) with
 `docker-compose` as follows:
 ```
 git clone git@github.com:mfem/containers.git
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ docker-compose build --build-arg cuda_arch_sm=80 cuda-tpls && docker image tag c
 
 We recommend starting the container with:
 ```
-docker run --cap-add=SYS_PTRACE -ti --gpus all ghcr.io/mfem/containers/cuda-tpls-sm70:latest /bin/bash
+docker run --rm --cap-add=SYS_PTRACE --runtime=nvidia --gpus all -ti ghcr.io/mfem/containers/cuda-tpls-sm89:latest bash
 ```
 which puts you in the home directory for the `euler` user, enables access to all GPUs, and lets you
 explore the broad selection of examples or write your own.
diff --git a/base/Dockerfile b/base/Dockerfile
index 33561dc..b2927c8 100644
--- a/base/Dockerfile
+++ b/base/Dockerfile
@@ -1,21 +1,36 @@
-FROM ubuntu:22.04
+FROM ubuntu:24.04
 
 ARG num_jobs
 
 RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
-   curl git git-lfs clang clang-tools clangd cmake autoconf \
-   automake gdb git libffi-dev zlib1g-dev python3-pip \
-   libssl-dev xz-utils pkgconf gfortran openmpi-bin libopenmpi-dev \
-   wget libarchive-tools htop libmetis-dev libparmetis-dev libopenblas-dev
+    curl git git-lfs clangd cmake autoconf lsb-release \
+    automake gdb git libffi-dev zlib1g-dev python3-pip libzstd-dev \
+    libssl-dev xz-utils pkgconf gfortran openmpi-bin libopenmpi-dev \
+    wget libarchive-tools htop libmetis-dev libparmetis-dev libopenblas-dev
 
-RUN update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/c++ c++ /usr/bin/clang++ 100 && \
-   update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/cc cc /usr/bin/clang 100
+RUN curl -L https://apt.llvm.org/llvm-snapshot.gpg.key > /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/apt.llvm.org.asc &&\
+    echo "deb http://apt.llvm.org/$(lsb_release -sc)/ llvm-toolchain-$(lsb_release -sc) main" | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/apt.llvm.org.list
+
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y clang-19 libclang-19-dev clangd-19
+
+RUN update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/c++ c++ /usr/bin/clang++-19 100 && \
+    update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/cc cc /usr/bin/clang-19 100 && \
+    update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/clang clang /usr/bin/clang-19 100 && \
+    update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/clang++ clang++ /usr/bin/clang++-19 100 && \
+    update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/clangd clangd /usr/bin/clangd-19 100
 
 ENV OMPI_CC=clang
 ENV OMPI_CXX=clang++
 ENV LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib
 
+RUN curl -L https://github.com/EnzymeAD/Enzyme/archive/refs/tags/v0.0.186.tar.gz > enzyme.tar.gz && \
+    tar -xzf enzyme.tar.gz && \
+    cd Enzyme-0.0.186/enzyme && \
+    mkdir build && cd build && \
+    cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local -DLLVM_DIR=/usr/lib/llvm-19 && \
+    make -j ${num_jobs} && make install
+
 RUN useradd --create-home --shell /bin/bash euler
 
 USER euler
-WORKDIR /home/euler
\ No newline at end of file
+WORKDIR /home/euler
diff --git a/cpu-tpls/user.mk b/cpu-tpls/user.mk
index 850f802..4843d96 100644
--- a/cpu-tpls/user.mk
+++ b/cpu-tpls/user.mk
@@ -1,370 +1,43 @@
-# Copyright (c) 2010-2022, Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC. Produced
-# at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. All Rights reserved. See files
-# LICENSE and NOTICE for details. LLNL-CODE-806117.
-#
-# This file is part of the MFEM library. For more information and source code
-# availability visit https://mfem.org.
-#
-# MFEM is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
-# terms of the BSD-3 license. We welcome feedback and contributions, see file
-# CONTRIBUTING.md for details.
-
-# This file describes the default MFEM build options.
-#
-# See the file INSTALL for description of these options.  You can
-# customize them below, or copy this file to user.mk and modify it.
-
-
-# Some choices below are based on the OS type:
-NOTMAC := $(subst Darwin,,$(shell uname -s))
-
-ETAGS_BIN = $(shell command -v etags 2> /dev/null)
-EGREP_BIN = $(shell command -v egrep 2> /dev/null)
+VERBOSE = NO
 
 CXX = clang++
-MPICXX = mpicxx
+MPICXX = OMPI_CXX=$(CXX) mpicxx
 
-BASE_FLAGS  = -std=c++11
+BASE_FLAGS  = -std=c++17
 OPTIM_FLAGS = -O3 $(BASE_FLAGS)
-DEBUG_FLAGS = -g $(XCOMPILER)-Wall $(BASE_FLAGS)
-
-# Prefixes for passing flags to the compiler and linker when using CXX or MPICXX
-CXX_XCOMPILER =
-CXX_XLINKER   = -Wl,
-
-# Destination location of make install
-# PREFIX = $(HOME)/mfem
-PREFIX = ./mfem
-# Install program
-INSTALL = /usr/bin/install
 
 STATIC = NO
 SHARED = YES
 
-# CUDA configuration options
-#
-# If you set MFEM_USE_ENZYME=YES, CUDA_CXX has to be configured to use cuda with
-# clang as its host compiler.
-CUDA_CXX = nvcc
-CUDA_ARCH = sm_60
-CUDA_FLAGS = -x=cu --expt-extended-lambda -arch=$(CUDA_ARCH)
-# Prefixes for passing flags to the host compiler and linker when using CUDA_CXX
-CUDA_XCOMPILER = -Xcompiler=
-CUDA_XLINKER   = -Xlinker=
-
-# HIP configuration options
-HIP_CXX = hipcc
-# The HIP_ARCH option specifies the AMD GPU processor, similar to CUDA_ARCH. For
-# example: gfx600 (tahiti), gfx700 (kaveri), gfx701 (hawaii), gfx801 (carrizo),
-# gfx900, gfx1010, etc.
-HIP_ARCH = gfx900
-HIP_FLAGS = --amdgpu-target=$(HIP_ARCH)
-HIP_XCOMPILER =
-HIP_XLINKER   = -Wl,
-
-# Flags for generating dependencies.
-DEP_FLAGS = -MM -MT
-
-ifneq ($(NOTMAC),)
-   AR      = ar
-   ARFLAGS = crv
-   RANLIB  = ranlib
-   PICFLAG = $(XCOMPILER)-fPIC
-   SO_EXT  = so
-   SO_VER  = so.$(MFEM_VERSION_STRING)
-   BUILD_SOFLAGS = -shared $(XLINKER)-soname,libmfem.$(SO_VER)
-   BUILD_RPATH = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(BUILD_REAL_DIR)
-   INSTALL_SOFLAGS = $(BUILD_SOFLAGS)
-   INSTALL_RPATH = $(XLINKER)-rpath,@MFEM_LIB_DIR@
-else
-   # Silence "has no symbols" warnings on Mac OS X
-   AR      = ar
-   ARFLAGS = Scrv
-   RANLIB  = ranlib -no_warning_for_no_symbols
-   PICFLAG = $(XCOMPILER)-fPIC
-   SO_EXT  = dylib
-   SO_VER  = $(MFEM_VERSION_STRING).dylib
-   MAKE_SOFLAGS = $(XLINKER)-dylib,-install_name,$(1)/libmfem.$(SO_VER),\
-      -compatibility_version,$(MFEM_VERSION_STRING),\
-      -current_version,$(MFEM_VERSION_STRING),\
-      -undefined,dynamic_lookup
-   BUILD_SOFLAGS = $(subst $1 ,,$(call MAKE_SOFLAGS,$(BUILD_REAL_DIR)))
-   BUILD_RPATH = $(XLINKER)-undefined,dynamic_lookup
-   INSTALL_SOFLAGS = $(subst $1 ,,$(call MAKE_SOFLAGS,$(MFEM_LIB_DIR)))
-   INSTALL_RPATH = $(XLINKER)-undefined,dynamic_lookup
-   # Silence unused command line argument warnings when generating dependencies
-   # with mpicxx and clang
-   DEP_FLAGS := -Wno-unused-command-line-argument $(DEP_FLAGS)
-endif
-
-# Set CXXFLAGS to overwrite the default selection of DEBUG_FLAGS/OPTIM_FLAGS
-# CXXFLAGS = -O3 -march=native
-
-# Optional extra compile flags, in addition to CXXFLAGS:
-# CPPFLAGS =
-
-# Library configurations:
-# Note: symbols of the form @VAR@ will be replaced by $(VAR) in derived
-#       variables, like MFEM_FLAGS, defined in config.mk.
-
-# Command used to launch MPI jobs
-MFEM_MPIEXEC    = mpirun
-MFEM_MPIEXEC_NP = -np
-# Number of mpi tasks for parallel jobs
-MFEM_MPI_NP = 4
-
-# MFEM configuration options: YES/NO values, which are exported to config.mk and
-# config.hpp. The values below are the defaults for generating the actual values
-# in config.mk and config.hpp.
-
 MFEM_USE_MPI           = YES
 MFEM_USE_METIS         = $(MFEM_USE_MPI)
 MFEM_USE_METIS_5       = YES
 MFEM_DEBUG             = NO
-MFEM_USE_EXCEPTIONS    = NO
-MFEM_USE_ZLIB          = NO
 MFEM_USE_LIBUNWIND     = NO
-MFEM_USE_LAPACK        = NO
-MFEM_THREAD_SAFE       = NO
-MFEM_USE_OPENMP        = NO
-MFEM_USE_LEGACY_OPENMP = NO
 MFEM_USE_MEMALLOC      = YES
 MFEM_TIMER_TYPE        = $(if $(NOTMAC),2,4)
-MFEM_USE_SUNDIALS      = NO
-MFEM_USE_MESQUITE      = NO
-MFEM_USE_SUITESPARSE   = NO
+MFEM_USE_ENZYME        = YES
+MFEM_USE_CUDA		   = NO
 MFEM_USE_SUPERLU       = YES
-MFEM_USE_SUPERLU5      = NO
-MFEM_USE_MUMPS         = NO
-MFEM_USE_STRUMPACK     = NO
-MFEM_USE_GINKGO        = NO
-MFEM_USE_AMGX          = NO
-MFEM_USE_GNUTLS        = NO
-MFEM_USE_NETCDF        = NO
 MFEM_USE_PETSC         = YES
-MFEM_USE_SLEPC         = NO
-MFEM_USE_MPFR          = NO
-MFEM_USE_SIDRE         = NO
-MFEM_USE_FMS           = NO
-MFEM_USE_CONDUIT       = NO
-MFEM_USE_PUMI          = NO
-MFEM_USE_HIOP          = NO
-MFEM_USE_GSLIB         = NO
-MFEM_USE_CUDA          = NO
-MFEM_USE_HIP           = NO
-MFEM_USE_RAJA          = NO
-MFEM_USE_OCCA          = NO
-MFEM_USE_CEED          = NO
-MFEM_USE_CALIPER       = NO
-MFEM_USE_ALGOIM        = NO
-MFEM_USE_UMPIRE        = NO
-MFEM_USE_SIMD          = NO
-MFEM_USE_ADIOS2        = NO
-MFEM_USE_MKL_CPARDISO  = NO
-MFEM_USE_MOONOLITH     = NO
-MFEM_USE_ADFORWARD     = NO
-MFEM_USE_CODIPACK      = NO
-MFEM_USE_BENCHMARK     = NO
-MFEM_USE_PARELAG       = NO
-MFEM_USE_ENZYME        = NO
-
-# MPI library compile and link flags
-# These settings are used only when building MFEM with MPI + HIP
-ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_MPI)$(MFEM_USE_HIP),YESYES)
-   # We determine MPI_DIR assuming $(MPICXX) is in $(MPI_DIR)/bin
-   MPI_DIR := $(patsubst %/,%,$(dir $(shell which $(MPICXX))))
-   MPI_DIR := $(patsubst %/,%,$(dir $(MPI_DIR)))
-   MPI_OPT = -I$(MPI_DIR)/include
-   MPI_LIB = -L$(MPI_DIR)/lib $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(MPI_DIR)/lib -lmpi
-endif
-
-# ROCM/HIP directory such that ROCM/HIP libraries like rocsparse and rocrand are
-# found in $(HIP_DIR)/lib, usually as links. Typically, this directoory is of
-# the form /opt/rocm-X.Y.Z which is called ROCM_PATH by hipconfig.
-ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_HIP),YES)
-   HIP_DIR := $(patsubst %/,%,$(dir $(shell which $(HIP_CXX))))
-   HIP_DIR := $(patsubst %/,%,$(dir $(HIP_DIR)))
-   ifeq (,$(wildcard $(HIP_DIR)/lib/librocsparse.*))
-      HIP_DIR := $(shell hipconfig --rocmpath 2> /dev/null)
-      ifeq (,$(wildcard $(HIP_DIR)/lib/librocsparse.*))
-         $(error Unable to determine HIP_DIR. Please set it manually.)
-      endif
-   endif
-endif
-
-# Compile and link options for zlib.
-ZLIB_DIR =
-ZLIB_OPT = $(if $(ZLIB_DIR),-I$(ZLIB_DIR)/include)
-ZLIB_LIB = $(if $(ZLIB_DIR),$(ZLIB_RPATH) -L$(ZLIB_DIR)/lib ,)-lz
-ZLIB_RPATH = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(ZLIB_DIR)/lib
-
-LIBUNWIND_OPT = -g
-LIBUNWIND_LIB = $(if $(NOTMAC),-lunwind -ldl,)
 
-# HYPRE library configuration (needed to build the parallel version)
 HYPRE_DIR = /usr/local
 HYPRE_OPT = -I$(HYPRE_DIR)/include
 HYPRE_LIB = -L$(HYPRE_DIR)/lib -lHYPRE
-ifeq (YES,$(MFEM_USE_CUDA))
-   # This is only necessary when hypre is built with cuda:
-   HYPRE_LIB += -lcusparse -lcurand
-endif
-ifeq (YES,$(MFEM_USE_HIP))
-   # This is only necessary when hypre is built with hip:
-   HYPRE_LIB += -L$(HIP_DIR)/lib $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(HIP_DIR)/lib\
- -lrocsparse -lrocrand
-endif
-
-# METIS library configuration
-ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_SUPERLU)$(MFEM_USE_STRUMPACK)$(MFEM_USE_MUMPS),NONONO)
-   ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_METIS_5),NO)
-     METIS_DIR = 
-     METIS_OPT =
-     METIS_LIB = -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -lmetis
-   else
-     METIS_DIR = 
-     METIS_OPT =
-     METIS_LIB = -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -lmetis
-   endif
-else
-   # ParMETIS: currently needed by SuperLU or STRUMPACK. We assume that METIS 5
-   # (included with ParMETIS) is installed in the same location.
-   # Starting with STRUMPACK v2.2.0, ParMETIS is an optional dependency while
-   # METIS is still required.
-   METIS_DIR = 
-   METIS_OPT =
-   METIS_LIB = -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -lmetis -lparmetis
-   MFEM_USE_METIS_5 = YES
-endif
-
-# LAPACK library configuration
-LAPACK_OPT =
-LAPACK_LIB = $(if $(NOTMAC),-llapack -lblas,-framework Accelerate)
-
-# OpenMP configuration
-OPENMP_OPT = $(XCOMPILER)-fopenmp
-OPENMP_LIB =
-
-# Used when MFEM_TIMER_TYPE = 2
-POSIX_CLOCKS_LIB = -lrt
-
-# SUNDIALS library configuration
-# For sundials_nvecmpiplusx and nvecparallel remember to build with MPI_ENABLE=ON
-# and modify cmake variables for hypre for sundials
-SUNDIALS_DIR    = @MFEM_DIR@/../sundials-5.0.0/instdir
-SUNDIALS_OPT    = -I$(SUNDIALS_DIR)/include
-SUNDIALS_LIBDIR = $(wildcard $(SUNDIALS_DIR)/lib*)
-SUNDIALS_LIB    = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(SUNDIALS_LIBDIR) -L$(SUNDIALS_LIBDIR)\
- -lsundials_arkode -lsundials_cvodes -lsundials_nvecserial -lsundials_kinsol
-
-ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_MPI),YES)
-   SUNDIALS_LIB += -lsundials_nvecparallel -lsundials_nvecmpiplusx
-endif
-ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_CUDA),YES)
-   SUNDIALS_LIB += -lsundials_nveccuda
-endif
-# If SUNDIALS was built with KLU:
-# MFEM_USE_SUITESPARSE = YES
-
-# MESQUITE library configuration
-MESQUITE_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../mesquite-2.99
-MESQUITE_OPT = -I$(MESQUITE_DIR)/include
-MESQUITE_LIB = -L$(MESQUITE_DIR)/lib -lmesquite
-
-# SuiteSparse library configuration
-LIB_RT = $(if $(NOTMAC),-lrt,)
-SUITESPARSE_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../SuiteSparse
-SUITESPARSE_OPT = -I$(SUITESPARSE_DIR)/include
-SUITESPARSE_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(SUITESPARSE_DIR)/lib\
- -L$(SUITESPARSE_DIR)/lib -lklu -lbtf -lumfpack -lcholmod -lcolamd -lamd -lcamd\
- -lccolamd -lsuitesparseconfig $(LIB_RT) $(METIS_LIB) $(LAPACK_LIB)
-
-# SuperLU library configuration
-ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_SUPERLU5),YES)
-   SUPERLU_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../SuperLU_DIST_5.1.0
-   SUPERLU_OPT = -I$(SUPERLU_DIR)/include
-   SUPERLU_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(SUPERLU_DIR)/lib -L$(SUPERLU_DIR)/lib\
-      -lsuperlu_dist_5.1.0
-else
-   SUPERLU_DIR = /usr/local
-   SUPERLU_OPT = 
-   SUPERLU_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(SUPERLU_DIR)/lib -L$(SUPERLU_DIR)/lib\
-      -lsuperlu_dist -lblas
-endif
-
-# SCOTCH library configuration (required by STRUMPACK <= v2.1.0, optional in
-# STRUMPACK >= v2.2.0)
-SCOTCH_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../scotch_6.0.4
-SCOTCH_OPT = -I$(SCOTCH_DIR)/include
-SCOTCH_LIB = -L$(SCOTCH_DIR)/lib -lptscotch -lptscotcherr -lscotch -lscotcherr\
- -lpthread
-
-# SCALAPACK library configuration (required by STRUMPACK and MUMPS)
-SCALAPACK_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../scalapack-2.0.2
-SCALAPACK_OPT = -I$(SCALAPACK_DIR)/SRC
-SCALAPACK_LIB = -L$(SCALAPACK_DIR)/lib -lscalapack $(LAPACK_LIB)
 
-# MPI Fortran library, needed e.g. by STRUMPACK or MUMPS
-# MPICH:
-MPI_FORTRAN_LIB = -lmpifort
-# OpenMPI:
-# MPI_FORTRAN_LIB = -lmpi_mpifh
-# Additional Fortan library:
-# MPI_FORTRAN_LIB += -lgfortran
+METIS_DIR =
+METIS_OPT =
+METIS_LIB = -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -lmetis -lparmetis
 
-# MUMPS library configuration
-MUMPS_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../MUMPS_5.2.0
-MUMPS_OPT = -I$(MUMPS_DIR)/include
-MUMPS_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(MUMPS_DIR)/lib -L$(MUMPS_DIR)/lib -ldmumps\
- -lmumps_common -lpord $(SCALAPACK_LIB) $(LAPACK_LIB) $(MPI_FORTRAN_LIB)
+ENZYME_DIR = /usr/local
 
-# STRUMPACK library configuration
-STRUMPACK_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../STRUMPACK-build
-STRUMPACK_OPT = -I$(STRUMPACK_DIR)/include $(SCOTCH_OPT)
-# If STRUMPACK was build with OpenMP support, the following may be need:
-# STRUMPACK_OPT += $(OPENMP_OPT)
-STRUMPACK_LIB = -L$(STRUMPACK_DIR)/lib -lstrumpack $(MPI_FORTRAN_LIB)\
- $(SCOTCH_LIB) $(SCALAPACK_LIB)
-
-# Ginkgo library configuration (currently not needed)
-GINKGO_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../ginkgo/install
-GINKGO_BUILD_TYPE=Release
-ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_GINKGO),YES)
-   BASE_FLAGS = -std=c++14
-endif
-GINKGO_OPT = -isystem $(GINKGO_DIR)/include
-GINKGO_LIB_DIR = $(sort $(dir $(wildcard $(GINKGO_DIR)/lib*/libginkgo*.a  $(GINKGO_DIR)/lib*/libginkgo*.so $(GINKGO_DIR)/lib*/libginkgo*.dylib $(GINKGO_DIR)/lib*/libginkgo*.dll)))
-ALL_GINKGO_LIBS_DEBUG = $(notdir $(basename $(wildcard $(GINKGO_DIR)/lib*/libginkgo*d.a  $(GINKGO_DIR)/lib*/libginkgo*d.so $(GINKGO_DIR)/lib*/libginkgo*d.dylib $(GINKGO_DIR)/lib*/libginkgo*d.dll)))
-ALL_GINKGO_LIBS = $(notdir $(basename $(wildcard $(GINKGO_DIR)/lib*/libginkgo*.a  $(GINKGO_DIR)/lib*/libginkgo*.so $(GINKGO_DIR)/lib*/libginkgo*.dylib $(GINKGO_DIR)/lib*/libginkgo*.dll)))
-ALL_GINKGO_LIBS_RELEASE = $(filter-out $(ALL_GINKGO_LIBS_DEBUG),$(ALL_GINKGO_LIBS))
-GINKGO_LINK = $(subst libginkgo,-lginkgo,$(ALL_GINKGO_LIBS_RELEASE))
-ifeq ($(GINKGO_BUILD_TYPE),Debug)
-  ifneq (,$(ALL_GINKGO_LIBS_DEBUG))
-    GINKGO_LINK = $(subst libginkgo,-lginkgo,$(ALL_GINKGO_LIBS_DEBUG))
-  endif
-else
-endif
-GINKGO_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(GINKGO_LIB_DIR) -L$(GINKGO_LIB_DIR) $(GINKGO_LINK)
-
-# AmgX library configuration
-AMGX_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../amgx
-AMGX_OPT = -I$(AMGX_DIR)/include
-AMGX_LIB = -lcusparse -lcusolver -lcublas -lnvToolsExt -L$(AMGX_DIR)/lib -lamgx
-
-# GnuTLS library configuration
-GNUTLS_OPT =
-GNUTLS_LIB = -lgnutls
-
-# NetCDF library configuration
-NETCDF_DIR = $(HOME)/local
-HDF5_DIR   = $(HOME)/local
-NETCDF_OPT = -I$(NETCDF_DIR)/include -I$(HDF5_DIR)/include $(ZLIB_OPT)
-NETCDF_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(NETCDF_DIR)/lib -L$(NETCDF_DIR)/lib\
- $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(HDF5_DIR)/lib -L$(HDF5_DIR)/lib\
- -lnetcdf -lhdf5_hl -lhdf5 $(ZLIB_LIB)
+SUPERLU_DIR = /usr/local
+SUPERLU_OPT =
+SUPERLU_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(SUPERLU_DIR)/lib -L$(SUPERLU_DIR)/lib\
+    -lsuperlu_dist -lblas
 
 # PETSc library configuration (version greater or equal to 3.8 or the dev branch)
-PETSC_ARCH := 
+PETSC_ARCH :=
 PETSC_DIR  := /usr/local
 PETSC_VARS := $(PETSC_DIR)/lib/petsc/conf/petscvariables
 PETSC_FOUND := $(if $(wildcard $(PETSC_VARS)),YES,)
@@ -377,171 +50,3 @@ ifeq ($(PETSC_FOUND),YES)
       -L$(abspath $(PETSC_DIR))/lib -lpetsc\
       $(subst $(CXX_XLINKER),$(XLINKER),$(PETSC_DEP))
 endif
-
-SLEPC_DIR := $(MFEM_DIR)/../slepc
-SLEPC_VARS := $(SLEPC_DIR)/lib/slepc/conf/slepc_variables
-SLEPC_FOUND := $(if $(wildcard $(SLEPC_VARS)),YES,)
-SLEPC_INC_VAR = SLEPC_INCLUDE
-SLEPC_LIB_VAR = SLEPC_EXTERNAL_LIB
-ifeq ($(SLEPC_FOUND),YES)
-   SLEPC_OPT := $(shell sed -n "s/$(SLEPC_INC_VAR) *= *//p" $(SLEPC_VARS))
-   # Some additional external libraries might be defined in this file
-   -include ${SLEPC_DIR}/${PETSC_ARCH}/lib/slepc/conf/slepcvariables
-   SLEPC_DEP := $(shell sed -n "s/$(SLEPC_LIB_VAR) *= *//p" $(SLEPC_VARS))
-   SLEPC_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(abspath $(SLEPC_DIR))/$(PETSC_ARCH)/lib\
-      -L$(abspath $(SLEPC_DIR))/$(PETSC_ARCH)/lib -lslepc\
-      $(subst $(CXX_XLINKER),$(XLINKER),$(SLEPC_DEP))
-endif
-
-ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_MOONOLITH),YES)
-  include $(MOONOLITH_DIR)/config/moonolith-config.makefile
-  MOONOLITH_LIB=$(MOONOLITH_LIBRARIES)
-endif
-
-# MPFR library configuration
-MPFR_OPT =
-MPFR_LIB = -lmpfr
-
-# FMS and required libraries configuration
-FMS_DIR = $(MFEM_DIR)/../fms
-FMS_OPT = -I$(FMS_DIR)/include
-FMS_LIB = -Wl,-rpath,$(FMS_DIR)/lib -L$(FMS_DIR)/lib -lfms
-
-# Conduit and required libraries configuration
-CONDUIT_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../conduit
-CONDUIT_OPT = -I$(CONDUIT_DIR)/include/conduit
-CONDUIT_LIB = \
-   $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(CONDUIT_DIR)/lib -L$(CONDUIT_DIR)/lib \
-   -lconduit -lconduit_relay -lconduit_blueprint  -ldl
-
-# Check if Conduit was built with hdf5 support, by looking
-# for the relay hdf5 header
-CONDUIT_HDF5_HEADER=$(CONDUIT_DIR)/include/conduit/conduit_relay_hdf5.hpp
-ifneq (,$(wildcard $(CONDUIT_HDF5_HEADER)))
-   CONDUIT_OPT += -I$(HDF5_DIR)/include
-   CONDUIT_LIB += $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(HDF5_DIR)/lib -L$(HDF5_DIR)/lib \
-                  -lhdf5 $(ZLIB_LIB)
-endif
-
-# Sidre and required libraries configuration
-# Be sure to check the HDF5_DIR (set above) is correct
-SIDRE_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../axom
-SIDRE_OPT = -I$(SIDRE_DIR)/include -I$(CONDUIT_DIR)/include/conduit\
- -I$(HDF5_DIR)/include
-SIDRE_LIB = \
-   $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(SIDRE_DIR)/lib -L$(SIDRE_DIR)/lib \
-   $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(CONDUIT_DIR)/lib -L$(CONDUIT_DIR)/lib \
-   $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(HDF5_DIR)/lib -L$(HDF5_DIR)/lib \
-   -laxom -lconduit -lconduit_relay -lconduit_blueprint -lhdf5 $(ZLIB_LIB) -ldl
-
-# PUMI
-# Note that PUMI_DIR is needed -- it is used to check for gmi_sim.h
-PUMI_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../pumi-2.1.0
-PUMI_OPT = -I$(PUMI_DIR)/include
-PUMI_LIB = -L$(PUMI_DIR)/lib -lpumi -lcrv -lma -lmds -lapf -lpcu -lgmi -lparma\
-   -llion -lmth -lapf_zoltan -lspr
-
-# HIOP
-HIOP_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../hiop/install
-HIOP_OPT = -I$(HIOP_DIR)/include
-HIOP_LIB = -L$(HIOP_DIR)/lib -lhiop $(LAPACK_LIB)
-
-# CoDiPack
-CODIPACK_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../CoDiPack
-CODIPACK_OPT = -I$(CODIPACK_DIR)
-CODIPACK_LIB =
-
-# GSLIB library
-GSLIB_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../gslib/build
-GSLIB_OPT = -I$(GSLIB_DIR)/include
-GSLIB_LIB = -L$(GSLIB_DIR)/lib -lgs
-
-# CUDA library configuration
-CUDA_OPT =
-CUDA_LIB = -lcusparse
-
-# HIP library configuration
-HIP_OPT =
-HIP_LIB = -L$(HIP_DIR)/lib $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(HIP_DIR)/lib -lhipsparse
-
-# OCCA library configuration
-OCCA_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../occa
-OCCA_OPT = -I$(OCCA_DIR)/include
-OCCA_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(OCCA_DIR)/lib -L$(OCCA_DIR)/lib -locca
-
-# CALIPER library configuration
-CALIPER_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../caliper
-CALIPER_OPT = -I$(CALIPER_DIR)/include
-CALIPER_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(CALIPER_DIR)/lib64 -L$(CALIPER_DIR)/lib64 -lcaliper
-
-# BLITZ library configuration
-BLITZ_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../blitz
-BLITZ_OPT = -I$(BLITZ_DIR)/include
-BLITZ_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(BLITZ_DIR)/lib -L$(BLITZ_DIR)/lib -lblitz
-
-# ALGOIM library configuration
-ALGOIM_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../algoim
-ALGOIM_OPT = -I$(ALGOIM_DIR)/src $(BLITZ_OPT)
-ALGOIM_LIB = $(BLITZ_LIB)
-
-# BENCHMARK library configuration
-BENCHMARK_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../google-benchmark
-BENCHMARK_OPT = -I$(BENCHMARK_DIR)/include
-BENCHMARK_LIB = -L$(BENCHMARK_DIR)/lib -lbenchmark -lpthread
-
-# libCEED library configuration
-CEED_DIR ?= @MFEM_DIR@/../libCEED
-CEED_OPT = -I$(CEED_DIR)/include
-CEED_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(CEED_DIR)/lib -L$(CEED_DIR)/lib -lceed
-
-# RAJA library configuration
-RAJA_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../raja
-RAJA_OPT = -I$(RAJA_DIR)/include
-ifdef CUB_DIR
-   RAJA_OPT += -I$(CUB_DIR)
-endif
-ifdef CAMP_DIR
-   RAJA_OPT += -I$(CAMP_DIR)/include
-endif
-RAJA_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(RAJA_DIR)/lib -L$(RAJA_DIR)/lib -lRAJA
-
-# UMPIRE library configuration
-UMPIRE_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../umpire
-UMPIRE_OPT = -I$(UMPIRE_DIR)/include $(if $(CAMP_DIR), -I$(CAMP_DIR)/include)
-UMPIRE_LIB = -L$(UMPIRE_DIR)/lib -lumpire
-
-# MKL CPardiso library configuration
-MKL_CPARDISO_DIR ?=
-MKL_MPI_WRAPPER ?= mkl_blacs_mpich_lp64
-MKL_LIBRARY_SUBDIR ?= lib
-MKL_CPARDISO_OPT = -I$(MKL_CPARDISO_DIR)/include
-MKL_CPARDISO_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(MKL_CPARDISO_DIR)/$(MKL_LIBRARY_SUBDIR)\
-   -L$(MKL_CPARDISO_DIR)/$(MKL_LIBRARY_SUBDIR) -l$(MKL_MPI_WRAPPER)\
-   -lmkl_intel_lp64 -lmkl_sequential -lmkl_core
-
-# PARELAG library configuration
-PARELAG_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../parelag
-PARELAG_OPT = -I$(PARELAG_DIR)/src -I$(PARELAG_DIR)/build/src
-PARELAG_LIB = -L$(PARELAG_DIR)/build/src -lParELAG
-
-# Enzyme configuration
-
-# If you want to enable automatic differentiation at compile time, use the
-# options below, adapted to your configuration. To be more flexible, we
-# recommend using the Enzyme plugin during link time optimization. One option is
-# to add your options to the global compiler/linker flags like
-#
-# BASE_FLAGS += -flto
-# CXX_XLINKER += -fuse-ld=lld -Wl,--lto-legacy-pass-manager\
-#                -Wl,-mllvm=-load=$(ENZYME_DIR)/LLDEnzyme-$(ENZYME_VERSION).so -Wl,
-#
-ENZYME_DIR ?= @MFEM_DIR@/../enzyme
-ENZYME_VERSION ?= 14
-ENZYME_OPT = -fno-experimental-new-pass-manager -Xclang -load -Xclang $(ENZYME_DIR)/ClangEnzyme-$(ENZYME_VERSION).so
-ENZYME_LIB = ""
-
-# If YES, enable some informational messages
-VERBOSE = NO
-
-# Optional build tag
-MFEM_BUILD_TAG = $(shell uname -snm)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/cpu/user.mk b/cpu/user.mk
index b0d5806..54f03fb 100644
--- a/cpu/user.mk
+++ b/cpu/user.mk
@@ -1,547 +1,29 @@
-# Copyright (c) 2010-2022, Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC. Produced
-# at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. All Rights reserved. See files
-# LICENSE and NOTICE for details. LLNL-CODE-806117.
-#
-# This file is part of the MFEM library. For more information and source code
-# availability visit https://mfem.org.
-#
-# MFEM is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
-# terms of the BSD-3 license. We welcome feedback and contributions, see file
-# CONTRIBUTING.md for details.
-
-# This file describes the default MFEM build options.
-#
-# See the file INSTALL for description of these options.  You can
-# customize them below, or copy this file to user.mk and modify it.
-
-
-# Some choices below are based on the OS type:
-NOTMAC := $(subst Darwin,,$(shell uname -s))
-
-ETAGS_BIN = $(shell command -v etags 2> /dev/null)
-EGREP_BIN = $(shell command -v egrep 2> /dev/null)
+VERBOSE = NO
 
 CXX = clang++
-MPICXX = mpicxx
+MPICXX = OMPI_CXX=$(CXX) mpicxx
 
-BASE_FLAGS  = -std=c++11
+BASE_FLAGS  = -std=c++17
 OPTIM_FLAGS = -O3 $(BASE_FLAGS)
-DEBUG_FLAGS = -g $(XCOMPILER)-Wall $(BASE_FLAGS)
-
-# Prefixes for passing flags to the compiler and linker when using CXX or MPICXX
-CXX_XCOMPILER =
-CXX_XLINKER   = -Wl,
-
-# Destination location of make install
-# PREFIX = $(HOME)/mfem
-PREFIX = ./mfem
-# Install program
-INSTALL = /usr/bin/install
 
 STATIC = NO
 SHARED = YES
 
-# CUDA configuration options
-#
-# If you set MFEM_USE_ENZYME=YES, CUDA_CXX has to be configured to use cuda with
-# clang as its host compiler.
-CUDA_CXX = nvcc
-CUDA_ARCH = sm_60
-CUDA_FLAGS = -x=cu --expt-extended-lambda -arch=$(CUDA_ARCH)
-# Prefixes for passing flags to the host compiler and linker when using CUDA_CXX
-CUDA_XCOMPILER = -Xcompiler=
-CUDA_XLINKER   = -Xlinker=
-
-# HIP configuration options
-HIP_CXX = hipcc
-# The HIP_ARCH option specifies the AMD GPU processor, similar to CUDA_ARCH. For
-# example: gfx600 (tahiti), gfx700 (kaveri), gfx701 (hawaii), gfx801 (carrizo),
-# gfx900, gfx1010, etc.
-HIP_ARCH = gfx900
-HIP_FLAGS = --amdgpu-target=$(HIP_ARCH)
-HIP_XCOMPILER =
-HIP_XLINKER   = -Wl,
-
-# Flags for generating dependencies.
-DEP_FLAGS = -MM -MT
-
-ifneq ($(NOTMAC),)
-   AR      = ar
-   ARFLAGS = crv
-   RANLIB  = ranlib
-   PICFLAG = $(XCOMPILER)-fPIC
-   SO_EXT  = so
-   SO_VER  = so.$(MFEM_VERSION_STRING)
-   BUILD_SOFLAGS = -shared $(XLINKER)-soname,libmfem.$(SO_VER)
-   BUILD_RPATH = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(BUILD_REAL_DIR)
-   INSTALL_SOFLAGS = $(BUILD_SOFLAGS)
-   INSTALL_RPATH = $(XLINKER)-rpath,@MFEM_LIB_DIR@
-else
-   # Silence "has no symbols" warnings on Mac OS X
-   AR      = ar
-   ARFLAGS = Scrv
-   RANLIB  = ranlib -no_warning_for_no_symbols
-   PICFLAG = $(XCOMPILER)-fPIC
-   SO_EXT  = dylib
-   SO_VER  = $(MFEM_VERSION_STRING).dylib
-   MAKE_SOFLAGS = $(XLINKER)-dylib,-install_name,$(1)/libmfem.$(SO_VER),\
-      -compatibility_version,$(MFEM_VERSION_STRING),\
-      -current_version,$(MFEM_VERSION_STRING),\
-      -undefined,dynamic_lookup
-   BUILD_SOFLAGS = $(subst $1 ,,$(call MAKE_SOFLAGS,$(BUILD_REAL_DIR)))
-   BUILD_RPATH = $(XLINKER)-undefined,dynamic_lookup
-   INSTALL_SOFLAGS = $(subst $1 ,,$(call MAKE_SOFLAGS,$(MFEM_LIB_DIR)))
-   INSTALL_RPATH = $(XLINKER)-undefined,dynamic_lookup
-   # Silence unused command line argument warnings when generating dependencies
-   # with mpicxx and clang
-   DEP_FLAGS := -Wno-unused-command-line-argument $(DEP_FLAGS)
-endif
-
-# Set CXXFLAGS to overwrite the default selection of DEBUG_FLAGS/OPTIM_FLAGS
-# CXXFLAGS = -O3 -march=native
-
-# Optional extra compile flags, in addition to CXXFLAGS:
-# CPPFLAGS =
-
-# Library configurations:
-# Note: symbols of the form @VAR@ will be replaced by $(VAR) in derived
-#       variables, like MFEM_FLAGS, defined in config.mk.
-
-# Command used to launch MPI jobs
-MFEM_MPIEXEC    = mpirun
-MFEM_MPIEXEC_NP = -np
-# Number of mpi tasks for parallel jobs
-MFEM_MPI_NP = 4
-
-# MFEM configuration options: YES/NO values, which are exported to config.mk and
-# config.hpp. The values below are the defaults for generating the actual values
-# in config.mk and config.hpp.
-
 MFEM_USE_MPI           = YES
 MFEM_USE_METIS         = $(MFEM_USE_MPI)
 MFEM_USE_METIS_5       = YES
-MFEM_DEBUG             = YES
-MFEM_USE_EXCEPTIONS    = NO
-MFEM_USE_ZLIB          = NO
+MFEM_DEBUG             = NO
 MFEM_USE_LIBUNWIND     = NO
-MFEM_USE_LAPACK        = NO
-MFEM_THREAD_SAFE       = NO
-MFEM_USE_OPENMP        = NO
-MFEM_USE_LEGACY_OPENMP = NO
 MFEM_USE_MEMALLOC      = YES
 MFEM_TIMER_TYPE        = $(if $(NOTMAC),2,4)
-MFEM_USE_SUNDIALS      = NO
-MFEM_USE_MESQUITE      = NO
-MFEM_USE_SUITESPARSE   = NO
-MFEM_USE_SUPERLU       = NO
-MFEM_USE_SUPERLU5      = NO
-MFEM_USE_MUMPS         = NO
-MFEM_USE_STRUMPACK     = NO
-MFEM_USE_GINKGO        = NO
-MFEM_USE_AMGX          = NO
-MFEM_USE_GNUTLS        = NO
-MFEM_USE_NETCDF        = NO
-MFEM_USE_PETSC         = NO
-MFEM_USE_SLEPC         = NO
-MFEM_USE_MPFR          = NO
-MFEM_USE_SIDRE         = NO
-MFEM_USE_FMS           = NO
-MFEM_USE_CONDUIT       = NO
-MFEM_USE_PUMI          = NO
-MFEM_USE_HIOP          = NO
-MFEM_USE_GSLIB         = NO
-MFEM_USE_CUDA          = NO
-MFEM_USE_HIP           = NO
-MFEM_USE_RAJA          = NO
-MFEM_USE_OCCA          = NO
-MFEM_USE_CEED          = NO
-MFEM_USE_CALIPER       = NO
-MFEM_USE_ALGOIM        = NO
-MFEM_USE_UMPIRE        = NO
-MFEM_USE_SIMD          = NO
-MFEM_USE_ADIOS2        = NO
-MFEM_USE_MKL_CPARDISO  = NO
-MFEM_USE_MOONOLITH     = NO
-MFEM_USE_ADFORWARD     = NO
-MFEM_USE_CODIPACK      = NO
-MFEM_USE_BENCHMARK     = NO
-MFEM_USE_PARELAG       = NO
-MFEM_USE_ENZYME        = NO
-
-# MPI library compile and link flags
-# These settings are used only when building MFEM with MPI + HIP
-ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_MPI)$(MFEM_USE_HIP),YESYES)
-   # We determine MPI_DIR assuming $(MPICXX) is in $(MPI_DIR)/bin
-   MPI_DIR := $(patsubst %/,%,$(dir $(shell which $(MPICXX))))
-   MPI_DIR := $(patsubst %/,%,$(dir $(MPI_DIR)))
-   MPI_OPT = -I$(MPI_DIR)/include
-   MPI_LIB = -L$(MPI_DIR)/lib $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(MPI_DIR)/lib -lmpi
-endif
+MFEM_USE_ENZYME        = YES
 
-# ROCM/HIP directory such that ROCM/HIP libraries like rocsparse and rocrand are
-# found in $(HIP_DIR)/lib, usually as links. Typically, this directoory is of
-# the form /opt/rocm-X.Y.Z which is called ROCM_PATH by hipconfig.
-ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_HIP),YES)
-   HIP_DIR := $(patsubst %/,%,$(dir $(shell which $(HIP_CXX))))
-   HIP_DIR := $(patsubst %/,%,$(dir $(HIP_DIR)))
-   ifeq (,$(wildcard $(HIP_DIR)/lib/librocsparse.*))
-      HIP_DIR := $(shell hipconfig --rocmpath 2> /dev/null)
-      ifeq (,$(wildcard $(HIP_DIR)/lib/librocsparse.*))
-         $(error Unable to determine HIP_DIR. Please set it manually.)
-      endif
-   endif
-endif
-
-# Compile and link options for zlib.
-ZLIB_DIR =
-ZLIB_OPT = $(if $(ZLIB_DIR),-I$(ZLIB_DIR)/include)
-ZLIB_LIB = $(if $(ZLIB_DIR),$(ZLIB_RPATH) -L$(ZLIB_DIR)/lib ,)-lz
-ZLIB_RPATH = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(ZLIB_DIR)/lib
-
-LIBUNWIND_OPT = -g
-LIBUNWIND_LIB = $(if $(NOTMAC),-lunwind -ldl,)
-
-# HYPRE library configuration (needed to build the parallel version)
 HYPRE_DIR = /usr/local
 HYPRE_OPT = -I$(HYPRE_DIR)/include
 HYPRE_LIB = -L$(HYPRE_DIR)/lib -lHYPRE
-ifeq (YES,$(MFEM_USE_CUDA))
-   # This is only necessary when hypre is built with cuda:
-   HYPRE_LIB += -lcusparse -lcurand
-endif
-ifeq (YES,$(MFEM_USE_HIP))
-   # This is only necessary when hypre is built with hip:
-   HYPRE_LIB += -L$(HIP_DIR)/lib $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(HIP_DIR)/lib\
- -lrocsparse -lrocrand
-endif
-
-# METIS library configuration
-ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_SUPERLU)$(MFEM_USE_STRUMPACK)$(MFEM_USE_MUMPS),NONONO)
-   ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_METIS_5),NO)
-     METIS_DIR = 
-     METIS_OPT =
-     METIS_LIB = -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -lmetis
-   else
-     METIS_DIR = 
-     METIS_OPT =
-     METIS_LIB = -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -lmetis
-   endif
-else
-   # ParMETIS: currently needed by SuperLU or STRUMPACK. We assume that METIS 5
-   # (included with ParMETIS) is installed in the same location.
-   # Starting with STRUMPACK v2.2.0, ParMETIS is an optional dependency while
-   # METIS is still required.
-   METIS_DIR = 
-   METIS_OPT =
-   METIS_LIB = -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -lmetis -lparmetis
-   MFEM_USE_METIS_5 = YES
-endif
-
-# LAPACK library configuration
-LAPACK_OPT =
-LAPACK_LIB = $(if $(NOTMAC),-llapack -lblas,-framework Accelerate)
-
-# OpenMP configuration
-OPENMP_OPT = $(XCOMPILER)-fopenmp
-OPENMP_LIB =
-
-# Used when MFEM_TIMER_TYPE = 2
-POSIX_CLOCKS_LIB = -lrt
-
-# SUNDIALS library configuration
-# For sundials_nvecmpiplusx and nvecparallel remember to build with MPI_ENABLE=ON
-# and modify cmake variables for hypre for sundials
-SUNDIALS_DIR    = @MFEM_DIR@/../sundials-5.0.0/instdir
-SUNDIALS_OPT    = -I$(SUNDIALS_DIR)/include
-SUNDIALS_LIBDIR = $(wildcard $(SUNDIALS_DIR)/lib*)
-SUNDIALS_LIB    = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(SUNDIALS_LIBDIR) -L$(SUNDIALS_LIBDIR)\
- -lsundials_arkode -lsundials_cvodes -lsundials_nvecserial -lsundials_kinsol
-
-ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_MPI),YES)
-   SUNDIALS_LIB += -lsundials_nvecparallel -lsundials_nvecmpiplusx
-endif
-ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_CUDA),YES)
-   SUNDIALS_LIB += -lsundials_nveccuda
-endif
-# If SUNDIALS was built with KLU:
-# MFEM_USE_SUITESPARSE = YES
-
-# MESQUITE library configuration
-MESQUITE_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../mesquite-2.99
-MESQUITE_OPT = -I$(MESQUITE_DIR)/include
-MESQUITE_LIB = -L$(MESQUITE_DIR)/lib -lmesquite
-
-# SuiteSparse library configuration
-LIB_RT = $(if $(NOTMAC),-lrt,)
-SUITESPARSE_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../SuiteSparse
-SUITESPARSE_OPT = -I$(SUITESPARSE_DIR)/include
-SUITESPARSE_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(SUITESPARSE_DIR)/lib\
- -L$(SUITESPARSE_DIR)/lib -lklu -lbtf -lumfpack -lcholmod -lcolamd -lamd -lcamd\
- -lccolamd -lsuitesparseconfig $(LIB_RT) $(METIS_LIB) $(LAPACK_LIB)
-
-# SuperLU library configuration
-ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_SUPERLU5),YES)
-   SUPERLU_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../SuperLU_DIST_5.1.0
-   SUPERLU_OPT = -I$(SUPERLU_DIR)/include
-   SUPERLU_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(SUPERLU_DIR)/lib -L$(SUPERLU_DIR)/lib\
-      -lsuperlu_dist_5.1.0
-else
-   SUPERLU_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../SuperLU_DIST_6.3.1
-   SUPERLU_OPT = -I$(SUPERLU_DIR)/include
-   SUPERLU_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(SUPERLU_DIR)/lib64 -L$(SUPERLU_DIR)/lib64\
-      -lsuperlu_dist -lblas
-endif
-
-# SCOTCH library configuration (required by STRUMPACK <= v2.1.0, optional in
-# STRUMPACK >= v2.2.0)
-SCOTCH_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../scotch_6.0.4
-SCOTCH_OPT = -I$(SCOTCH_DIR)/include
-SCOTCH_LIB = -L$(SCOTCH_DIR)/lib -lptscotch -lptscotcherr -lscotch -lscotcherr\
- -lpthread
-
-# SCALAPACK library configuration (required by STRUMPACK and MUMPS)
-SCALAPACK_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../scalapack-2.0.2
-SCALAPACK_OPT = -I$(SCALAPACK_DIR)/SRC
-SCALAPACK_LIB = -L$(SCALAPACK_DIR)/lib -lscalapack $(LAPACK_LIB)
-
-# MPI Fortran library, needed e.g. by STRUMPACK or MUMPS
-# MPICH:
-MPI_FORTRAN_LIB = -lmpifort
-# OpenMPI:
-# MPI_FORTRAN_LIB = -lmpi_mpifh
-# Additional Fortan library:
-# MPI_FORTRAN_LIB += -lgfortran
-
-# MUMPS library configuration
-MUMPS_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../MUMPS_5.2.0
-MUMPS_OPT = -I$(MUMPS_DIR)/include
-MUMPS_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(MUMPS_DIR)/lib -L$(MUMPS_DIR)/lib -ldmumps\
- -lmumps_common -lpord $(SCALAPACK_LIB) $(LAPACK_LIB) $(MPI_FORTRAN_LIB)
 
-# STRUMPACK library configuration
-STRUMPACK_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../STRUMPACK-build
-STRUMPACK_OPT = -I$(STRUMPACK_DIR)/include $(SCOTCH_OPT)
-# If STRUMPACK was build with OpenMP support, the following may be need:
-# STRUMPACK_OPT += $(OPENMP_OPT)
-STRUMPACK_LIB = -L$(STRUMPACK_DIR)/lib -lstrumpack $(MPI_FORTRAN_LIB)\
- $(SCOTCH_LIB) $(SCALAPACK_LIB)
-
-# Ginkgo library configuration (currently not needed)
-GINKGO_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../ginkgo/install
-GINKGO_BUILD_TYPE=Release
-ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_GINKGO),YES)
-   BASE_FLAGS = -std=c++14
-endif
-GINKGO_OPT = -isystem $(GINKGO_DIR)/include
-GINKGO_LIB_DIR = $(sort $(dir $(wildcard $(GINKGO_DIR)/lib*/libginkgo*.a  $(GINKGO_DIR)/lib*/libginkgo*.so $(GINKGO_DIR)/lib*/libginkgo*.dylib $(GINKGO_DIR)/lib*/libginkgo*.dll)))
-ALL_GINKGO_LIBS_DEBUG = $(notdir $(basename $(wildcard $(GINKGO_DIR)/lib*/libginkgo*d.a  $(GINKGO_DIR)/lib*/libginkgo*d.so $(GINKGO_DIR)/lib*/libginkgo*d.dylib $(GINKGO_DIR)/lib*/libginkgo*d.dll)))
-ALL_GINKGO_LIBS = $(notdir $(basename $(wildcard $(GINKGO_DIR)/lib*/libginkgo*.a  $(GINKGO_DIR)/lib*/libginkgo*.so $(GINKGO_DIR)/lib*/libginkgo*.dylib $(GINKGO_DIR)/lib*/libginkgo*.dll)))
-ALL_GINKGO_LIBS_RELEASE = $(filter-out $(ALL_GINKGO_LIBS_DEBUG),$(ALL_GINKGO_LIBS))
-GINKGO_LINK = $(subst libginkgo,-lginkgo,$(ALL_GINKGO_LIBS_RELEASE))
-ifeq ($(GINKGO_BUILD_TYPE),Debug)
-  ifneq (,$(ALL_GINKGO_LIBS_DEBUG))
-    GINKGO_LINK = $(subst libginkgo,-lginkgo,$(ALL_GINKGO_LIBS_DEBUG))
-  endif
-else
-endif
-GINKGO_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(GINKGO_LIB_DIR) -L$(GINKGO_LIB_DIR) $(GINKGO_LINK)
-
-# AmgX library configuration
-AMGX_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../amgx
-AMGX_OPT = -I$(AMGX_DIR)/include
-AMGX_LIB = -lcusparse -lcusolver -lcublas -lnvToolsExt -L$(AMGX_DIR)/lib -lamgx
-
-# GnuTLS library configuration
-GNUTLS_OPT =
-GNUTLS_LIB = -lgnutls
-
-# NetCDF library configuration
-NETCDF_DIR = $(HOME)/local
-HDF5_DIR   = $(HOME)/local
-NETCDF_OPT = -I$(NETCDF_DIR)/include -I$(HDF5_DIR)/include $(ZLIB_OPT)
-NETCDF_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(NETCDF_DIR)/lib -L$(NETCDF_DIR)/lib\
- $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(HDF5_DIR)/lib -L$(HDF5_DIR)/lib\
- -lnetcdf -lhdf5_hl -lhdf5 $(ZLIB_LIB)
-
-# PETSc library configuration (version greater or equal to 3.8 or the dev branch)
-PETSC_ARCH := arch-linux2-c-debug
-PETSC_DIR  := $(MFEM_DIR)/../petsc/$(PETSC_ARCH)
-PETSC_VARS := $(PETSC_DIR)/lib/petsc/conf/petscvariables
-PETSC_FOUND := $(if $(wildcard $(PETSC_VARS)),YES,)
-PETSC_INC_VAR = PETSC_CC_INCLUDES
-PETSC_LIB_VAR = PETSC_EXTERNAL_LIB_BASIC
-ifeq ($(PETSC_FOUND),YES)
-   PETSC_OPT := $(shell sed -n "s/$(PETSC_INC_VAR) = *//p" $(PETSC_VARS))
-   PETSC_DEP := $(shell sed -n "s/$(PETSC_LIB_VAR) = *//p" $(PETSC_VARS))
-   PETSC_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(abspath $(PETSC_DIR))/lib\
-      -L$(abspath $(PETSC_DIR))/lib -lpetsc\
-      $(subst $(CXX_XLINKER),$(XLINKER),$(PETSC_DEP))
-endif
-
-SLEPC_DIR := $(MFEM_DIR)/../slepc
-SLEPC_VARS := $(SLEPC_DIR)/lib/slepc/conf/slepc_variables
-SLEPC_FOUND := $(if $(wildcard $(SLEPC_VARS)),YES,)
-SLEPC_INC_VAR = SLEPC_INCLUDE
-SLEPC_LIB_VAR = SLEPC_EXTERNAL_LIB
-ifeq ($(SLEPC_FOUND),YES)
-   SLEPC_OPT := $(shell sed -n "s/$(SLEPC_INC_VAR) *= *//p" $(SLEPC_VARS))
-   # Some additional external libraries might be defined in this file
-   -include ${SLEPC_DIR}/${PETSC_ARCH}/lib/slepc/conf/slepcvariables
-   SLEPC_DEP := $(shell sed -n "s/$(SLEPC_LIB_VAR) *= *//p" $(SLEPC_VARS))
-   SLEPC_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(abspath $(SLEPC_DIR))/$(PETSC_ARCH)/lib\
-      -L$(abspath $(SLEPC_DIR))/$(PETSC_ARCH)/lib -lslepc\
-      $(subst $(CXX_XLINKER),$(XLINKER),$(SLEPC_DEP))
-endif
-
-ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_MOONOLITH),YES)
-  include $(MOONOLITH_DIR)/config/moonolith-config.makefile
-  MOONOLITH_LIB=$(MOONOLITH_LIBRARIES)
-endif
-
-# MPFR library configuration
-MPFR_OPT =
-MPFR_LIB = -lmpfr
-
-# FMS and required libraries configuration
-FMS_DIR = $(MFEM_DIR)/../fms
-FMS_OPT = -I$(FMS_DIR)/include
-FMS_LIB = -Wl,-rpath,$(FMS_DIR)/lib -L$(FMS_DIR)/lib -lfms
-
-# Conduit and required libraries configuration
-CONDUIT_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../conduit
-CONDUIT_OPT = -I$(CONDUIT_DIR)/include/conduit
-CONDUIT_LIB = \
-   $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(CONDUIT_DIR)/lib -L$(CONDUIT_DIR)/lib \
-   -lconduit -lconduit_relay -lconduit_blueprint  -ldl
-
-# Check if Conduit was built with hdf5 support, by looking
-# for the relay hdf5 header
-CONDUIT_HDF5_HEADER=$(CONDUIT_DIR)/include/conduit/conduit_relay_hdf5.hpp
-ifneq (,$(wildcard $(CONDUIT_HDF5_HEADER)))
-   CONDUIT_OPT += -I$(HDF5_DIR)/include
-   CONDUIT_LIB += $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(HDF5_DIR)/lib -L$(HDF5_DIR)/lib \
-                  -lhdf5 $(ZLIB_LIB)
-endif
-
-# Sidre and required libraries configuration
-# Be sure to check the HDF5_DIR (set above) is correct
-SIDRE_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../axom
-SIDRE_OPT = -I$(SIDRE_DIR)/include -I$(CONDUIT_DIR)/include/conduit\
- -I$(HDF5_DIR)/include
-SIDRE_LIB = \
-   $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(SIDRE_DIR)/lib -L$(SIDRE_DIR)/lib \
-   $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(CONDUIT_DIR)/lib -L$(CONDUIT_DIR)/lib \
-   $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(HDF5_DIR)/lib -L$(HDF5_DIR)/lib \
-   -laxom -lconduit -lconduit_relay -lconduit_blueprint -lhdf5 $(ZLIB_LIB) -ldl
-
-# PUMI
-# Note that PUMI_DIR is needed -- it is used to check for gmi_sim.h
-PUMI_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../pumi-2.1.0
-PUMI_OPT = -I$(PUMI_DIR)/include
-PUMI_LIB = -L$(PUMI_DIR)/lib -lpumi -lcrv -lma -lmds -lapf -lpcu -lgmi -lparma\
-   -llion -lmth -lapf_zoltan -lspr
-
-# HIOP
-HIOP_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../hiop/install
-HIOP_OPT = -I$(HIOP_DIR)/include
-HIOP_LIB = -L$(HIOP_DIR)/lib -lhiop $(LAPACK_LIB)
-
-# CoDiPack
-CODIPACK_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../CoDiPack
-CODIPACK_OPT = -I$(CODIPACK_DIR)
-CODIPACK_LIB =
-
-# GSLIB library
-GSLIB_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../gslib/build
-GSLIB_OPT = -I$(GSLIB_DIR)/include
-GSLIB_LIB = -L$(GSLIB_DIR)/lib -lgs
-
-# CUDA library configuration
-CUDA_OPT =
-CUDA_LIB = -lcusparse
-
-# HIP library configuration
-HIP_OPT =
-HIP_LIB = -L$(HIP_DIR)/lib $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(HIP_DIR)/lib -lhipsparse
-
-# OCCA library configuration
-OCCA_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../occa
-OCCA_OPT = -I$(OCCA_DIR)/include
-OCCA_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(OCCA_DIR)/lib -L$(OCCA_DIR)/lib -locca
-
-# CALIPER library configuration
-CALIPER_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../caliper
-CALIPER_OPT = -I$(CALIPER_DIR)/include
-CALIPER_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(CALIPER_DIR)/lib64 -L$(CALIPER_DIR)/lib64 -lcaliper
-
-# BLITZ library configuration
-BLITZ_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../blitz
-BLITZ_OPT = -I$(BLITZ_DIR)/include
-BLITZ_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(BLITZ_DIR)/lib -L$(BLITZ_DIR)/lib -lblitz
-
-# ALGOIM library configuration
-ALGOIM_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../algoim
-ALGOIM_OPT = -I$(ALGOIM_DIR)/src $(BLITZ_OPT)
-ALGOIM_LIB = $(BLITZ_LIB)
-
-# BENCHMARK library configuration
-BENCHMARK_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../google-benchmark
-BENCHMARK_OPT = -I$(BENCHMARK_DIR)/include
-BENCHMARK_LIB = -L$(BENCHMARK_DIR)/lib -lbenchmark -lpthread
-
-# libCEED library configuration
-CEED_DIR ?= @MFEM_DIR@/../libCEED
-CEED_OPT = -I$(CEED_DIR)/include
-CEED_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(CEED_DIR)/lib -L$(CEED_DIR)/lib -lceed
-
-# RAJA library configuration
-RAJA_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../raja
-RAJA_OPT = -I$(RAJA_DIR)/include
-ifdef CUB_DIR
-   RAJA_OPT += -I$(CUB_DIR)
-endif
-ifdef CAMP_DIR
-   RAJA_OPT += -I$(CAMP_DIR)/include
-endif
-RAJA_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(RAJA_DIR)/lib -L$(RAJA_DIR)/lib -lRAJA
-
-# UMPIRE library configuration
-UMPIRE_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../umpire
-UMPIRE_OPT = -I$(UMPIRE_DIR)/include $(if $(CAMP_DIR), -I$(CAMP_DIR)/include)
-UMPIRE_LIB = -L$(UMPIRE_DIR)/lib -lumpire
-
-# MKL CPardiso library configuration
-MKL_CPARDISO_DIR ?=
-MKL_MPI_WRAPPER ?= mkl_blacs_mpich_lp64
-MKL_LIBRARY_SUBDIR ?= lib
-MKL_CPARDISO_OPT = -I$(MKL_CPARDISO_DIR)/include
-MKL_CPARDISO_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(MKL_CPARDISO_DIR)/$(MKL_LIBRARY_SUBDIR)\
-   -L$(MKL_CPARDISO_DIR)/$(MKL_LIBRARY_SUBDIR) -l$(MKL_MPI_WRAPPER)\
-   -lmkl_intel_lp64 -lmkl_sequential -lmkl_core
-
-# PARELAG library configuration
-PARELAG_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../parelag
-PARELAG_OPT = -I$(PARELAG_DIR)/src -I$(PARELAG_DIR)/build/src
-PARELAG_LIB = -L$(PARELAG_DIR)/build/src -lParELAG
-
-# Enzyme configuration
-
-# If you want to enable automatic differentiation at compile time, use the
-# options below, adapted to your configuration. To be more flexible, we
-# recommend using the Enzyme plugin during link time optimization. One option is
-# to add your options to the global compiler/linker flags like
-#
-# BASE_FLAGS += -flto
-# CXX_XLINKER += -fuse-ld=lld -Wl,--lto-legacy-pass-manager\
-#                -Wl,-mllvm=-load=$(ENZYME_DIR)/LLDEnzyme-$(ENZYME_VERSION).so -Wl,
-#
-ENZYME_DIR ?= @MFEM_DIR@/../enzyme
-ENZYME_VERSION ?= 14
-ENZYME_OPT = -fno-experimental-new-pass-manager -Xclang -load -Xclang $(ENZYME_DIR)/ClangEnzyme-$(ENZYME_VERSION).so
-ENZYME_LIB = ""
-
-# If YES, enable some informational messages
-VERBOSE = NO
+METIS_DIR =
+METIS_OPT =
+METIS_LIB = -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -lmetis -lparmetis
 
-# Optional build tag
-MFEM_BUILD_TAG = $(shell uname -snm)
\ No newline at end of file
+ENZYME_DIR = /usr/local
diff --git a/cuda-tpls/Dockerfile b/cuda-tpls/Dockerfile
deleted file mode 100644
index c3a6b14..0000000
--- a/cuda-tpls/Dockerfile
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-FROM ghcr.io/mfem/containers/cuda:latest
-
-ARG num_jobs
-ARG cuda_arch_sm
-
-USER root
-
-WORKDIR /opt/archives
-
-RUN git clone -b v2.4.0 --single-branch --depth=1 https://github.com/NVIDIA/AMGX.git && \
-    cd AMGX && \
-    git submodule update --init --recursive
-COPY --chown=euler:euler amgx_disable_examples.patch /opt/archives/AMGX/amgx_disable_examples.patch
-RUN cd AMGX && git apply amgx_disable_examples.patch && \
-    mkdir build && cd build && \
-    cmake .. \
-    -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local \
-    -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON \
-    -DCUDA_ARCH=${cuda_arch_sm} \
-    -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release && \
-    make -j ${num_jobs} && make install
-
-USER euler
-WORKDIR /home/euler
-
-ENV PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/cuda/bin
-
-COPY --chown=euler:euler user.mk mfem/config/user.mk
-RUN sed -i 's/CUDA_ARCH_SM_PLACEHOLDER/sm_${cuda_arch_sm}/' mfem/config/user.mk
-RUN cd mfem && make config && make -j ${num_jobs} && cd examples && make ex1 && make ex1p
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/cuda-tpls/amgx_disable_examples.patch b/cuda-tpls/amgx_disable_examples.patch
deleted file mode 100644
index f3daae9..0000000
--- a/cuda-tpls/amgx_disable_examples.patch
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
-index 7bc0f1b..b6576fc 100644
---- a/CMakeLists.txt
-+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
-@@ -314,5 +314,5 @@ install(TARGETS amgxsh DESTINATION "lib")
- #export(TARGETS amgxsh FILE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/amgxsh.cmake)
- 
- # build examples
--add_subdirectory(examples)
-+# add_subdirectory(examples)
- 
-diff --git a/src/CMakeLists.txt b/src/CMakeLists.txt
-index b7fbef7..5d2b0f5 100644
---- a/src/CMakeLists.txt
-+++ b/src/CMakeLists.txt
-@@ -72,6 +72,10 @@ install(FILES
- 
- set(AMGX_INCLUDES ../include)
- 
-+
-+option(ENABLE_TESTS "Enable tests" OFF)
-+if(ENABLE_TESTS)
-+
- set(tests_all ${tests_all} testframework.cu test_utils.cu unit_test.cu)
- 
- add_library(amgx_tests_libs OBJECT ${tests_all})
-@@ -118,4 +122,4 @@ endif(MPI_FOUND)
- if(NOT ${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE} MATCHES "Release")
-   install(TARGETS amgx_tests_launcher DESTINATION "lib/tests")
- endif(NOT ${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE} MATCHES "Release")
--
-+endif()
diff --git a/cuda-tpls/user.mk b/cuda-tpls/user.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index f24543f..0000000
--- a/cuda-tpls/user.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,547 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright (c) 2010-2022, Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC. Produced
-# at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. All Rights reserved. See files
-# LICENSE and NOTICE for details. LLNL-CODE-806117.
-#
-# This file is part of the MFEM library. For more information and source code
-# availability visit https://mfem.org.
-#
-# MFEM is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
-# terms of the BSD-3 license. We welcome feedback and contributions, see file
-# CONTRIBUTING.md for details.
-
-# This file describes the default MFEM build options.
-#
-# See the file INSTALL for description of these options.  You can
-# customize them below, or copy this file to user.mk and modify it.
-
-
-# Some choices below are based on the OS type:
-NOTMAC := $(subst Darwin,,$(shell uname -s))
-
-ETAGS_BIN = $(shell command -v etags 2> /dev/null)
-EGREP_BIN = $(shell command -v egrep 2> /dev/null)
-
-CXX = clang++
-MPICXX = mpicxx
-
-BASE_FLAGS  = -std=c++11
-OPTIM_FLAGS = -O3 $(BASE_FLAGS)
-DEBUG_FLAGS = -g $(XCOMPILER)-Wall $(BASE_FLAGS)
-
-# Prefixes for passing flags to the compiler and linker when using CXX or MPICXX
-CXX_XCOMPILER =
-CXX_XLINKER   = -Wl,
-
-# Destination location of make install
-# PREFIX = $(HOME)/mfem
-PREFIX = ./mfem
-# Install program
-INSTALL = /usr/bin/install
-
-STATIC = NO
-SHARED = YES
-
-# CUDA configuration options
-#
-# If you set MFEM_USE_ENZYME=YES, CUDA_CXX has to be configured to use cuda with
-# clang as its host compiler.
-CUDA_CXX = nvcc
-CUDA_ARCH = CUDA_ARCH_SM_PLACEHOLDER
-CUDA_FLAGS = -x=cu --expt-extended-lambda -arch=$(CUDA_ARCH)
-# Prefixes for passing flags to the host compiler and linker when using CUDA_CXX
-CUDA_XCOMPILER = -Xcompiler=
-CUDA_XLINKER   = -Xlinker=
-
-# HIP configuration options
-HIP_CXX = hipcc
-# The HIP_ARCH option specifies the AMD GPU processor, similar to CUDA_ARCH. For
-# example: gfx600 (tahiti), gfx700 (kaveri), gfx701 (hawaii), gfx801 (carrizo),
-# gfx900, gfx1010, etc.
-HIP_ARCH = gfx900
-HIP_FLAGS = --amdgpu-target=$(HIP_ARCH)
-HIP_XCOMPILER =
-HIP_XLINKER   = -Wl,
-
-# Flags for generating dependencies.
-DEP_FLAGS = -MM -MT
-
-ifneq ($(NOTMAC),)
-   AR      = ar
-   ARFLAGS = crv
-   RANLIB  = ranlib
-   PICFLAG = $(XCOMPILER)-fPIC
-   SO_EXT  = so
-   SO_VER  = so.$(MFEM_VERSION_STRING)
-   BUILD_SOFLAGS = -shared $(XLINKER)-soname,libmfem.$(SO_VER)
-   BUILD_RPATH = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(BUILD_REAL_DIR)
-   INSTALL_SOFLAGS = $(BUILD_SOFLAGS)
-   INSTALL_RPATH = $(XLINKER)-rpath,@MFEM_LIB_DIR@
-else
-   # Silence "has no symbols" warnings on Mac OS X
-   AR      = ar
-   ARFLAGS = Scrv
-   RANLIB  = ranlib -no_warning_for_no_symbols
-   PICFLAG = $(XCOMPILER)-fPIC
-   SO_EXT  = dylib
-   SO_VER  = $(MFEM_VERSION_STRING).dylib
-   MAKE_SOFLAGS = $(XLINKER)-dylib,-install_name,$(1)/libmfem.$(SO_VER),\
-      -compatibility_version,$(MFEM_VERSION_STRING),\
-      -current_version,$(MFEM_VERSION_STRING),\
-      -undefined,dynamic_lookup
-   BUILD_SOFLAGS = $(subst $1 ,,$(call MAKE_SOFLAGS,$(BUILD_REAL_DIR)))
-   BUILD_RPATH = $(XLINKER)-undefined,dynamic_lookup
-   INSTALL_SOFLAGS = $(subst $1 ,,$(call MAKE_SOFLAGS,$(MFEM_LIB_DIR)))
-   INSTALL_RPATH = $(XLINKER)-undefined,dynamic_lookup
-   # Silence unused command line argument warnings when generating dependencies
-   # with mpicxx and clang
-   DEP_FLAGS := -Wno-unused-command-line-argument $(DEP_FLAGS)
-endif
-
-# Set CXXFLAGS to overwrite the default selection of DEBUG_FLAGS/OPTIM_FLAGS
-# CXXFLAGS = -O3 -march=native
-
-# Optional extra compile flags, in addition to CXXFLAGS:
-# CPPFLAGS =
-
-# Library configurations:
-# Note: symbols of the form @VAR@ will be replaced by $(VAR) in derived
-#       variables, like MFEM_FLAGS, defined in config.mk.
-
-# Command used to launch MPI jobs
-MFEM_MPIEXEC    = mpirun
-MFEM_MPIEXEC_NP = -np
-# Number of mpi tasks for parallel jobs
-MFEM_MPI_NP = 4
-
-# MFEM configuration options: YES/NO values, which are exported to config.mk and
-# config.hpp. The values below are the defaults for generating the actual values
-# in config.mk and config.hpp.
-
-MFEM_USE_MPI           = YES
-MFEM_USE_METIS         = $(MFEM_USE_MPI)
-MFEM_USE_METIS_5       = YES
-MFEM_DEBUG             = NO
-MFEM_USE_EXCEPTIONS    = NO
-MFEM_USE_ZLIB          = NO
-MFEM_USE_LIBUNWIND     = NO
-MFEM_USE_LAPACK        = NO
-MFEM_THREAD_SAFE       = NO
-MFEM_USE_OPENMP        = NO
-MFEM_USE_LEGACY_OPENMP = NO
-MFEM_USE_MEMALLOC      = YES
-MFEM_TIMER_TYPE        = $(if $(NOTMAC),2,4)
-MFEM_USE_SUNDIALS      = NO
-MFEM_USE_MESQUITE      = NO
-MFEM_USE_SUITESPARSE   = NO
-MFEM_USE_SUPERLU       = NO
-MFEM_USE_SUPERLU5      = NO
-MFEM_USE_MUMPS         = NO
-MFEM_USE_STRUMPACK     = NO
-MFEM_USE_GINKGO        = NO
-MFEM_USE_AMGX          = YES
-MFEM_USE_GNUTLS        = NO
-MFEM_USE_NETCDF        = NO
-MFEM_USE_PETSC         = NO
-MFEM_USE_SLEPC         = NO
-MFEM_USE_MPFR          = NO
-MFEM_USE_SIDRE         = NO
-MFEM_USE_FMS           = NO
-MFEM_USE_CONDUIT       = NO
-MFEM_USE_PUMI          = NO
-MFEM_USE_HIOP          = NO
-MFEM_USE_GSLIB         = NO
-MFEM_USE_CUDA          = YES
-MFEM_USE_HIP           = NO
-MFEM_USE_RAJA          = NO
-MFEM_USE_OCCA          = NO
-MFEM_USE_CEED          = NO
-MFEM_USE_CALIPER       = NO
-MFEM_USE_ALGOIM        = NO
-MFEM_USE_UMPIRE        = NO
-MFEM_USE_SIMD          = NO
-MFEM_USE_ADIOS2        = NO
-MFEM_USE_MKL_CPARDISO  = NO
-MFEM_USE_MOONOLITH     = NO
-MFEM_USE_ADFORWARD     = NO
-MFEM_USE_CODIPACK      = NO
-MFEM_USE_BENCHMARK     = NO
-MFEM_USE_PARELAG       = NO
-MFEM_USE_ENZYME        = NO
-
-# MPI library compile and link flags
-# These settings are used only when building MFEM with MPI + HIP
-ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_MPI)$(MFEM_USE_HIP),YESYES)
-   # We determine MPI_DIR assuming $(MPICXX) is in $(MPI_DIR)/bin
-   MPI_DIR := $(patsubst %/,%,$(dir $(shell which $(MPICXX))))
-   MPI_DIR := $(patsubst %/,%,$(dir $(MPI_DIR)))
-   MPI_OPT = -I$(MPI_DIR)/include
-   MPI_LIB = -L$(MPI_DIR)/lib $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(MPI_DIR)/lib -lmpi
-endif
-
-# ROCM/HIP directory such that ROCM/HIP libraries like rocsparse and rocrand are
-# found in $(HIP_DIR)/lib, usually as links. Typically, this directoory is of
-# the form /opt/rocm-X.Y.Z which is called ROCM_PATH by hipconfig.
-ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_HIP),YES)
-   HIP_DIR := $(patsubst %/,%,$(dir $(shell which $(HIP_CXX))))
-   HIP_DIR := $(patsubst %/,%,$(dir $(HIP_DIR)))
-   ifeq (,$(wildcard $(HIP_DIR)/lib/librocsparse.*))
-      HIP_DIR := $(shell hipconfig --rocmpath 2> /dev/null)
-      ifeq (,$(wildcard $(HIP_DIR)/lib/librocsparse.*))
-         $(error Unable to determine HIP_DIR. Please set it manually.)
-      endif
-   endif
-endif
-
-# Compile and link options for zlib.
-ZLIB_DIR =
-ZLIB_OPT = $(if $(ZLIB_DIR),-I$(ZLIB_DIR)/include)
-ZLIB_LIB = $(if $(ZLIB_DIR),$(ZLIB_RPATH) -L$(ZLIB_DIR)/lib ,)-lz
-ZLIB_RPATH = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(ZLIB_DIR)/lib
-
-LIBUNWIND_OPT = -g
-LIBUNWIND_LIB = $(if $(NOTMAC),-lunwind -ldl,)
-
-# HYPRE library configuration (needed to build the parallel version)
-HYPRE_DIR = /usr/local
-HYPRE_OPT = -I$(HYPRE_DIR)/include
-HYPRE_LIB = -L$(HYPRE_DIR)/lib -lHYPRE
-ifeq (YES,$(MFEM_USE_CUDA))
-   # This is only necessary when hypre is built with cuda:
-   HYPRE_LIB += -lcusparse -lcurand
-endif
-ifeq (YES,$(MFEM_USE_HIP))
-   # This is only necessary when hypre is built with hip:
-   HYPRE_LIB += -L$(HIP_DIR)/lib $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(HIP_DIR)/lib\
- -lrocsparse -lrocrand
-endif
-
-# METIS library configuration
-ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_SUPERLU)$(MFEM_USE_STRUMPACK)$(MFEM_USE_MUMPS),NONONO)
-   ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_METIS_5),NO)
-     METIS_DIR = /usr/local
-     METIS_OPT =
-     METIS_LIB = -L$(METIS_DIR) -lmetis
-   else
-     METIS_DIR = /usr/local
-     METIS_OPT = -I$(METIS_DIR)/include
-     METIS_LIB = -L$(METIS_DIR)/lib -lmetis
-   endif
-else
-   # ParMETIS: currently needed by SuperLU or STRUMPACK. We assume that METIS 5
-   # (included with ParMETIS) is installed in the same location.
-   # Starting with STRUMPACK v2.2.0, ParMETIS is an optional dependency while
-   # METIS is still required.
-   METIS_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../parmetis-4.0.3
-   METIS_OPT = -I$(METIS_DIR)/include
-   METIS_LIB = -L$(METIS_DIR)/lib -lparmetis -lmetis
-   MFEM_USE_METIS_5 = YES
-endif
-
-# LAPACK library configuration
-LAPACK_OPT =
-LAPACK_LIB = $(if $(NOTMAC),-llapack -lblas,-framework Accelerate)
-
-# OpenMP configuration
-OPENMP_OPT = $(XCOMPILER)-fopenmp
-OPENMP_LIB =
-
-# Used when MFEM_TIMER_TYPE = 2
-POSIX_CLOCKS_LIB = -lrt
-
-# SUNDIALS library configuration
-# For sundials_nvecmpiplusx and nvecparallel remember to build with MPI_ENABLE=ON
-# and modify cmake variables for hypre for sundials
-SUNDIALS_DIR    = @MFEM_DIR@/../sundials-5.0.0/instdir
-SUNDIALS_OPT    = -I$(SUNDIALS_DIR)/include
-SUNDIALS_LIBDIR = $(wildcard $(SUNDIALS_DIR)/lib*)
-SUNDIALS_LIB    = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(SUNDIALS_LIBDIR) -L$(SUNDIALS_LIBDIR)\
- -lsundials_arkode -lsundials_cvodes -lsundials_nvecserial -lsundials_kinsol
-
-ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_MPI),YES)
-   SUNDIALS_LIB += -lsundials_nvecparallel -lsundials_nvecmpiplusx
-endif
-ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_CUDA),YES)
-   SUNDIALS_LIB += -lsundials_nveccuda
-endif
-# If SUNDIALS was built with KLU:
-# MFEM_USE_SUITESPARSE = YES
-
-# MESQUITE library configuration
-MESQUITE_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../mesquite-2.99
-MESQUITE_OPT = -I$(MESQUITE_DIR)/include
-MESQUITE_LIB = -L$(MESQUITE_DIR)/lib -lmesquite
-
-# SuiteSparse library configuration
-LIB_RT = $(if $(NOTMAC),-lrt,)
-SUITESPARSE_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../SuiteSparse
-SUITESPARSE_OPT = -I$(SUITESPARSE_DIR)/include
-SUITESPARSE_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(SUITESPARSE_DIR)/lib\
- -L$(SUITESPARSE_DIR)/lib -lklu -lbtf -lumfpack -lcholmod -lcolamd -lamd -lcamd\
- -lccolamd -lsuitesparseconfig $(LIB_RT) $(METIS_LIB) $(LAPACK_LIB)
-
-# SuperLU library configuration
-ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_SUPERLU5),YES)
-   SUPERLU_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../SuperLU_DIST_5.1.0
-   SUPERLU_OPT = -I$(SUPERLU_DIR)/include
-   SUPERLU_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(SUPERLU_DIR)/lib -L$(SUPERLU_DIR)/lib\
-      -lsuperlu_dist_5.1.0
-else
-   SUPERLU_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../SuperLU_DIST_6.3.1
-   SUPERLU_OPT = -I$(SUPERLU_DIR)/include
-   SUPERLU_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(SUPERLU_DIR)/lib64 -L$(SUPERLU_DIR)/lib64\
-      -lsuperlu_dist -lblas
-endif
-
-# SCOTCH library configuration (required by STRUMPACK <= v2.1.0, optional in
-# STRUMPACK >= v2.2.0)
-SCOTCH_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../scotch_6.0.4
-SCOTCH_OPT = -I$(SCOTCH_DIR)/include
-SCOTCH_LIB = -L$(SCOTCH_DIR)/lib -lptscotch -lptscotcherr -lscotch -lscotcherr\
- -lpthread
-
-# SCALAPACK library configuration (required by STRUMPACK and MUMPS)
-SCALAPACK_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../scalapack-2.0.2
-SCALAPACK_OPT = -I$(SCALAPACK_DIR)/SRC
-SCALAPACK_LIB = -L$(SCALAPACK_DIR)/lib -lscalapack $(LAPACK_LIB)
-
-# MPI Fortran library, needed e.g. by STRUMPACK or MUMPS
-# MPICH:
-MPI_FORTRAN_LIB = -lmpifort
-# OpenMPI:
-# MPI_FORTRAN_LIB = -lmpi_mpifh
-# Additional Fortan library:
-# MPI_FORTRAN_LIB += -lgfortran
-
-# MUMPS library configuration
-MUMPS_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../MUMPS_5.2.0
-MUMPS_OPT = -I$(MUMPS_DIR)/include
-MUMPS_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(MUMPS_DIR)/lib -L$(MUMPS_DIR)/lib -ldmumps\
- -lmumps_common -lpord $(SCALAPACK_LIB) $(LAPACK_LIB) $(MPI_FORTRAN_LIB)
-
-# STRUMPACK library configuration
-STRUMPACK_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../STRUMPACK-build
-STRUMPACK_OPT = -I$(STRUMPACK_DIR)/include $(SCOTCH_OPT)
-# If STRUMPACK was build with OpenMP support, the following may be need:
-# STRUMPACK_OPT += $(OPENMP_OPT)
-STRUMPACK_LIB = -L$(STRUMPACK_DIR)/lib -lstrumpack $(MPI_FORTRAN_LIB)\
- $(SCOTCH_LIB) $(SCALAPACK_LIB)
-
-# Ginkgo library configuration (currently not needed)
-GINKGO_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../ginkgo/install
-GINKGO_BUILD_TYPE=Release
-ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_GINKGO),YES)
-   BASE_FLAGS = -std=c++14
-endif
-GINKGO_OPT = -isystem $(GINKGO_DIR)/include
-GINKGO_LIB_DIR = $(sort $(dir $(wildcard $(GINKGO_DIR)/lib*/libginkgo*.a  $(GINKGO_DIR)/lib*/libginkgo*.so $(GINKGO_DIR)/lib*/libginkgo*.dylib $(GINKGO_DIR)/lib*/libginkgo*.dll)))
-ALL_GINKGO_LIBS_DEBUG = $(notdir $(basename $(wildcard $(GINKGO_DIR)/lib*/libginkgo*d.a  $(GINKGO_DIR)/lib*/libginkgo*d.so $(GINKGO_DIR)/lib*/libginkgo*d.dylib $(GINKGO_DIR)/lib*/libginkgo*d.dll)))
-ALL_GINKGO_LIBS = $(notdir $(basename $(wildcard $(GINKGO_DIR)/lib*/libginkgo*.a  $(GINKGO_DIR)/lib*/libginkgo*.so $(GINKGO_DIR)/lib*/libginkgo*.dylib $(GINKGO_DIR)/lib*/libginkgo*.dll)))
-ALL_GINKGO_LIBS_RELEASE = $(filter-out $(ALL_GINKGO_LIBS_DEBUG),$(ALL_GINKGO_LIBS))
-GINKGO_LINK = $(subst libginkgo,-lginkgo,$(ALL_GINKGO_LIBS_RELEASE))
-ifeq ($(GINKGO_BUILD_TYPE),Debug)
-  ifneq (,$(ALL_GINKGO_LIBS_DEBUG))
-    GINKGO_LINK = $(subst libginkgo,-lginkgo,$(ALL_GINKGO_LIBS_DEBUG))
-  endif
-else
-endif
-GINKGO_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(GINKGO_LIB_DIR) -L$(GINKGO_LIB_DIR) $(GINKGO_LINK)
-
-# AmgX library configuration
-AMGX_DIR = 
-AMGX_OPT = 
-AMGX_LIB = -lcusparse -lcusolver -lcublas -lnvToolsExt -lamgx
-
-# GnuTLS library configuration
-GNUTLS_OPT =
-GNUTLS_LIB = -lgnutls
-
-# NetCDF library configuration
-NETCDF_DIR = $(HOME)/local
-HDF5_DIR   = $(HOME)/local
-NETCDF_OPT = -I$(NETCDF_DIR)/include -I$(HDF5_DIR)/include $(ZLIB_OPT)
-NETCDF_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(NETCDF_DIR)/lib -L$(NETCDF_DIR)/lib\
- $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(HDF5_DIR)/lib -L$(HDF5_DIR)/lib\
- -lnetcdf -lhdf5_hl -lhdf5 $(ZLIB_LIB)
-
-# PETSc library configuration (version greater or equal to 3.8 or the dev branch)
-PETSC_ARCH := arch-linux2-c-debug
-PETSC_DIR  := $(MFEM_DIR)/../petsc/$(PETSC_ARCH)
-PETSC_VARS := $(PETSC_DIR)/lib/petsc/conf/petscvariables
-PETSC_FOUND := $(if $(wildcard $(PETSC_VARS)),YES,)
-PETSC_INC_VAR = PETSC_CC_INCLUDES
-PETSC_LIB_VAR = PETSC_EXTERNAL_LIB_BASIC
-ifeq ($(PETSC_FOUND),YES)
-   PETSC_OPT := $(shell sed -n "s/$(PETSC_INC_VAR) = *//p" $(PETSC_VARS))
-   PETSC_DEP := $(shell sed -n "s/$(PETSC_LIB_VAR) = *//p" $(PETSC_VARS))
-   PETSC_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(abspath $(PETSC_DIR))/lib\
-      -L$(abspath $(PETSC_DIR))/lib -lpetsc\
-      $(subst $(CXX_XLINKER),$(XLINKER),$(PETSC_DEP))
-endif
-
-SLEPC_DIR := $(MFEM_DIR)/../slepc
-SLEPC_VARS := $(SLEPC_DIR)/lib/slepc/conf/slepc_variables
-SLEPC_FOUND := $(if $(wildcard $(SLEPC_VARS)),YES,)
-SLEPC_INC_VAR = SLEPC_INCLUDE
-SLEPC_LIB_VAR = SLEPC_EXTERNAL_LIB
-ifeq ($(SLEPC_FOUND),YES)
-   SLEPC_OPT := $(shell sed -n "s/$(SLEPC_INC_VAR) *= *//p" $(SLEPC_VARS))
-   # Some additional external libraries might be defined in this file
-   -include ${SLEPC_DIR}/${PETSC_ARCH}/lib/slepc/conf/slepcvariables
-   SLEPC_DEP := $(shell sed -n "s/$(SLEPC_LIB_VAR) *= *//p" $(SLEPC_VARS))
-   SLEPC_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(abspath $(SLEPC_DIR))/$(PETSC_ARCH)/lib\
-      -L$(abspath $(SLEPC_DIR))/$(PETSC_ARCH)/lib -lslepc\
-      $(subst $(CXX_XLINKER),$(XLINKER),$(SLEPC_DEP))
-endif
-
-ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_MOONOLITH),YES)
-  include $(MOONOLITH_DIR)/config/moonolith-config.makefile
-  MOONOLITH_LIB=$(MOONOLITH_LIBRARIES)
-endif
-
-# MPFR library configuration
-MPFR_OPT =
-MPFR_LIB = -lmpfr
-
-# FMS and required libraries configuration
-FMS_DIR = $(MFEM_DIR)/../fms
-FMS_OPT = -I$(FMS_DIR)/include
-FMS_LIB = -Wl,-rpath,$(FMS_DIR)/lib -L$(FMS_DIR)/lib -lfms
-
-# Conduit and required libraries configuration
-CONDUIT_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../conduit
-CONDUIT_OPT = -I$(CONDUIT_DIR)/include/conduit
-CONDUIT_LIB = \
-   $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(CONDUIT_DIR)/lib -L$(CONDUIT_DIR)/lib \
-   -lconduit -lconduit_relay -lconduit_blueprint  -ldl
-
-# Check if Conduit was built with hdf5 support, by looking
-# for the relay hdf5 header
-CONDUIT_HDF5_HEADER=$(CONDUIT_DIR)/include/conduit/conduit_relay_hdf5.hpp
-ifneq (,$(wildcard $(CONDUIT_HDF5_HEADER)))
-   CONDUIT_OPT += -I$(HDF5_DIR)/include
-   CONDUIT_LIB += $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(HDF5_DIR)/lib -L$(HDF5_DIR)/lib \
-                  -lhdf5 $(ZLIB_LIB)
-endif
-
-# Sidre and required libraries configuration
-# Be sure to check the HDF5_DIR (set above) is correct
-SIDRE_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../axom
-SIDRE_OPT = -I$(SIDRE_DIR)/include -I$(CONDUIT_DIR)/include/conduit\
- -I$(HDF5_DIR)/include
-SIDRE_LIB = \
-   $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(SIDRE_DIR)/lib -L$(SIDRE_DIR)/lib \
-   $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(CONDUIT_DIR)/lib -L$(CONDUIT_DIR)/lib \
-   $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(HDF5_DIR)/lib -L$(HDF5_DIR)/lib \
-   -laxom -lconduit -lconduit_relay -lconduit_blueprint -lhdf5 $(ZLIB_LIB) -ldl
-
-# PUMI
-# Note that PUMI_DIR is needed -- it is used to check for gmi_sim.h
-PUMI_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../pumi-2.1.0
-PUMI_OPT = -I$(PUMI_DIR)/include
-PUMI_LIB = -L$(PUMI_DIR)/lib -lpumi -lcrv -lma -lmds -lapf -lpcu -lgmi -lparma\
-   -llion -lmth -lapf_zoltan -lspr
-
-# HIOP
-HIOP_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../hiop/install
-HIOP_OPT = -I$(HIOP_DIR)/include
-HIOP_LIB = -L$(HIOP_DIR)/lib -lhiop $(LAPACK_LIB)
-
-# CoDiPack
-CODIPACK_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../CoDiPack
-CODIPACK_OPT = -I$(CODIPACK_DIR)
-CODIPACK_LIB =
-
-# GSLIB library
-GSLIB_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../gslib/build
-GSLIB_OPT = -I$(GSLIB_DIR)/include
-GSLIB_LIB = -L$(GSLIB_DIR)/lib -lgs
-
-# CUDA library configuration
-CUDA_OPT =
-CUDA_LIB = -lcusparse
-
-# HIP library configuration
-HIP_OPT =
-HIP_LIB = -L$(HIP_DIR)/lib $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(HIP_DIR)/lib -lhipsparse
-
-# OCCA library configuration
-OCCA_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../occa
-OCCA_OPT = -I$(OCCA_DIR)/include
-OCCA_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(OCCA_DIR)/lib -L$(OCCA_DIR)/lib -locca
-
-# CALIPER library configuration
-CALIPER_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../caliper
-CALIPER_OPT = -I$(CALIPER_DIR)/include
-CALIPER_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(CALIPER_DIR)/lib64 -L$(CALIPER_DIR)/lib64 -lcaliper
-
-# BLITZ library configuration
-BLITZ_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../blitz
-BLITZ_OPT = -I$(BLITZ_DIR)/include
-BLITZ_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(BLITZ_DIR)/lib -L$(BLITZ_DIR)/lib -lblitz
-
-# ALGOIM library configuration
-ALGOIM_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../algoim
-ALGOIM_OPT = -I$(ALGOIM_DIR)/src $(BLITZ_OPT)
-ALGOIM_LIB = $(BLITZ_LIB)
-
-# BENCHMARK library configuration
-BENCHMARK_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../google-benchmark
-BENCHMARK_OPT = -I$(BENCHMARK_DIR)/include
-BENCHMARK_LIB = -L$(BENCHMARK_DIR)/lib -lbenchmark -lpthread
-
-# libCEED library configuration
-CEED_DIR ?= @MFEM_DIR@/../libCEED
-CEED_OPT = -I$(CEED_DIR)/include
-CEED_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(CEED_DIR)/lib -L$(CEED_DIR)/lib -lceed
-
-# RAJA library configuration
-RAJA_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../raja
-RAJA_OPT = -I$(RAJA_DIR)/include
-ifdef CUB_DIR
-   RAJA_OPT += -I$(CUB_DIR)
-endif
-ifdef CAMP_DIR
-   RAJA_OPT += -I$(CAMP_DIR)/include
-endif
-RAJA_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(RAJA_DIR)/lib -L$(RAJA_DIR)/lib -lRAJA
-
-# UMPIRE library configuration
-UMPIRE_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../umpire
-UMPIRE_OPT = -I$(UMPIRE_DIR)/include $(if $(CAMP_DIR), -I$(CAMP_DIR)/include)
-UMPIRE_LIB = -L$(UMPIRE_DIR)/lib -lumpire
-
-# MKL CPardiso library configuration
-MKL_CPARDISO_DIR ?=
-MKL_MPI_WRAPPER ?= mkl_blacs_mpich_lp64
-MKL_LIBRARY_SUBDIR ?= lib
-MKL_CPARDISO_OPT = -I$(MKL_CPARDISO_DIR)/include
-MKL_CPARDISO_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(MKL_CPARDISO_DIR)/$(MKL_LIBRARY_SUBDIR)\
-   -L$(MKL_CPARDISO_DIR)/$(MKL_LIBRARY_SUBDIR) -l$(MKL_MPI_WRAPPER)\
-   -lmkl_intel_lp64 -lmkl_sequential -lmkl_core
-
-# PARELAG library configuration
-PARELAG_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../parelag
-PARELAG_OPT = -I$(PARELAG_DIR)/src -I$(PARELAG_DIR)/build/src
-PARELAG_LIB = -L$(PARELAG_DIR)/build/src -lParELAG
-
-# Enzyme configuration
-
-# If you want to enable automatic differentiation at compile time, use the
-# options below, adapted to your configuration. To be more flexible, we
-# recommend using the Enzyme plugin during link time optimization. One option is
-# to add your options to the global compiler/linker flags like
-#
-# BASE_FLAGS += -flto
-# CXX_XLINKER += -fuse-ld=lld -Wl,--lto-legacy-pass-manager\
-#                -Wl,-mllvm=-load=$(ENZYME_DIR)/LLDEnzyme-$(ENZYME_VERSION).so -Wl,
-#
-ENZYME_DIR ?= @MFEM_DIR@/../enzyme
-ENZYME_VERSION ?= 14
-ENZYME_OPT = -fno-experimental-new-pass-manager -Xclang -load -Xclang $(ENZYME_DIR)/ClangEnzyme-$(ENZYME_VERSION).so
-ENZYME_LIB = ""
-
-# If YES, enable some informational messages
-VERBOSE = NO
-
-# Optional build tag
-MFEM_BUILD_TAG = $(shell uname -snm)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/cuda/Dockerfile b/cuda/Dockerfile
index bd334a1..2f8a7b1 100644
--- a/cuda/Dockerfile
+++ b/cuda/Dockerfile
@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ USER root
 
 WORKDIR /opt/archives
 
-RUN wget https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2204/x86_64/cuda-keyring_1.1-1_all.deb \
+RUN wget https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2404/x86_64/cuda-keyring_1.1-1_all.deb \
     && dpkg -i cuda-keyring_1.1-1_all.deb \
     && apt-get update \
-    && apt-get install -y cuda-toolkit-11-8 nvidia-container-toolkit
+    && apt-get install -y cuda-toolkit-12-9
 
 # hypre
 RUN curl -L https://github.com/hypre-space/hypre/archive/refs/tags/v${hypre_version}.tar.gz > /opt/archives/hypre-v${hypre_version}.tar.gz
@@ -28,4 +28,4 @@ ENV PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/cuda/bin
 RUN git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/mfem/mfem.git mfem
 COPY --chown=euler:euler user.mk mfem/config/user.mk
 RUN sed -i 's/CUDA_ARCH_SM_PLACEHOLDER/sm_${cuda_arch_sm}/' mfem/config/user.mk
-RUN cd mfem && make config && make -j ${num_jobs} && cd examples && make ex1 && make ex1p
\ No newline at end of file
+RUN cd mfem && make config && make -j ${num_jobs} && cd examples && make ex1 && make ex1p
diff --git a/cuda/user.mk b/cuda/user.mk
index 9516df6..ebd8606 100644
--- a/cuda/user.mk
+++ b/cuda/user.mk
@@ -1,547 +1,33 @@
-# Copyright (c) 2010-2022, Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC. Produced
-# at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. All Rights reserved. See files
-# LICENSE and NOTICE for details. LLNL-CODE-806117.
-#
-# This file is part of the MFEM library. For more information and source code
-# availability visit https://mfem.org.
-#
-# MFEM is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
-# terms of the BSD-3 license. We welcome feedback and contributions, see file
-# CONTRIBUTING.md for details.
-
-# This file describes the default MFEM build options.
-#
-# See the file INSTALL for description of these options.  You can
-# customize them below, or copy this file to user.mk and modify it.
-
-
-# Some choices below are based on the OS type:
-NOTMAC := $(subst Darwin,,$(shell uname -s))
-
-ETAGS_BIN = $(shell command -v etags 2> /dev/null)
-EGREP_BIN = $(shell command -v egrep 2> /dev/null)
+VERBOSE = NO
 
 CXX = clang++
-MPICXX = mpicxx
+MPICXX = OMPI_CXX=$(CXX) mpicxx
 
-BASE_FLAGS  = -std=c++11
+BASE_FLAGS  = -std=c++17
 OPTIM_FLAGS = -O3 $(BASE_FLAGS)
-DEBUG_FLAGS = -g $(XCOMPILER)-Wall $(BASE_FLAGS)
-
-# Prefixes for passing flags to the compiler and linker when using CXX or MPICXX
-CXX_XCOMPILER =
-CXX_XLINKER   = -Wl,
-
-# Destination location of make install
-# PREFIX = $(HOME)/mfem
-PREFIX = ./mfem
-# Install program
-INSTALL = /usr/bin/install
 
 STATIC = NO
 SHARED = YES
 
-# CUDA configuration options
-#
-# If you set MFEM_USE_ENZYME=YES, CUDA_CXX has to be configured to use cuda with
-# clang as its host compiler.
-CUDA_CXX = nvcc
+CUDA_CXX = $(MPICXX)
 CUDA_ARCH = CUDA_ARCH_SM_PLACEHOLDER
-CUDA_FLAGS = -x=cu --expt-extended-lambda -arch=$(CUDA_ARCH)
-# Prefixes for passing flags to the host compiler and linker when using CUDA_CXX
-CUDA_XCOMPILER = -Xcompiler=
-CUDA_XLINKER   = -Xlinker=
-
-# HIP configuration options
-HIP_CXX = hipcc
-# The HIP_ARCH option specifies the AMD GPU processor, similar to CUDA_ARCH. For
-# example: gfx600 (tahiti), gfx700 (kaveri), gfx701 (hawaii), gfx801 (carrizo),
-# gfx900, gfx1010, etc.
-HIP_ARCH = gfx900
-HIP_FLAGS = --amdgpu-target=$(HIP_ARCH)
-HIP_XCOMPILER =
-HIP_XLINKER   = -Wl,
-
-# Flags for generating dependencies.
-DEP_FLAGS = -MM -MT
-
-ifneq ($(NOTMAC),)
-   AR      = ar
-   ARFLAGS = crv
-   RANLIB  = ranlib
-   PICFLAG = $(XCOMPILER)-fPIC
-   SO_EXT  = so
-   SO_VER  = so.$(MFEM_VERSION_STRING)
-   BUILD_SOFLAGS = -shared $(XLINKER)-soname,libmfem.$(SO_VER)
-   BUILD_RPATH = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(BUILD_REAL_DIR)
-   INSTALL_SOFLAGS = $(BUILD_SOFLAGS)
-   INSTALL_RPATH = $(XLINKER)-rpath,@MFEM_LIB_DIR@
-else
-   # Silence "has no symbols" warnings on Mac OS X
-   AR      = ar
-   ARFLAGS = Scrv
-   RANLIB  = ranlib -no_warning_for_no_symbols
-   PICFLAG = $(XCOMPILER)-fPIC
-   SO_EXT  = dylib
-   SO_VER  = $(MFEM_VERSION_STRING).dylib
-   MAKE_SOFLAGS = $(XLINKER)-dylib,-install_name,$(1)/libmfem.$(SO_VER),\
-      -compatibility_version,$(MFEM_VERSION_STRING),\
-      -current_version,$(MFEM_VERSION_STRING),\
-      -undefined,dynamic_lookup
-   BUILD_SOFLAGS = $(subst $1 ,,$(call MAKE_SOFLAGS,$(BUILD_REAL_DIR)))
-   BUILD_RPATH = $(XLINKER)-undefined,dynamic_lookup
-   INSTALL_SOFLAGS = $(subst $1 ,,$(call MAKE_SOFLAGS,$(MFEM_LIB_DIR)))
-   INSTALL_RPATH = $(XLINKER)-undefined,dynamic_lookup
-   # Silence unused command line argument warnings when generating dependencies
-   # with mpicxx and clang
-   DEP_FLAGS := -Wno-unused-command-line-argument $(DEP_FLAGS)
-endif
-
-# Set CXXFLAGS to overwrite the default selection of DEBUG_FLAGS/OPTIM_FLAGS
-# CXXFLAGS = -O3 -march=native
-
-# Optional extra compile flags, in addition to CXXFLAGS:
-# CPPFLAGS =
-
-# Library configurations:
-# Note: symbols of the form @VAR@ will be replaced by $(VAR) in derived
-#       variables, like MFEM_FLAGS, defined in config.mk.
-
-# Command used to launch MPI jobs
-MFEM_MPIEXEC    = mpirun
-MFEM_MPIEXEC_NP = -np
-# Number of mpi tasks for parallel jobs
-MFEM_MPI_NP = 4
-
-# MFEM configuration options: YES/NO values, which are exported to config.mk and
-# config.hpp. The values below are the defaults for generating the actual values
-# in config.mk and config.hpp.
 
 MFEM_USE_MPI           = YES
 MFEM_USE_METIS         = $(MFEM_USE_MPI)
 MFEM_USE_METIS_5       = YES
-MFEM_DEBUG             = YES
-MFEM_USE_EXCEPTIONS    = NO
-MFEM_USE_ZLIB          = NO
+MFEM_DEBUG             = NO
 MFEM_USE_LIBUNWIND     = NO
-MFEM_USE_LAPACK        = NO
-MFEM_THREAD_SAFE       = NO
-MFEM_USE_OPENMP        = NO
-MFEM_USE_LEGACY_OPENMP = NO
 MFEM_USE_MEMALLOC      = YES
 MFEM_TIMER_TYPE        = $(if $(NOTMAC),2,4)
-MFEM_USE_SUNDIALS      = NO
-MFEM_USE_MESQUITE      = NO
-MFEM_USE_SUITESPARSE   = NO
-MFEM_USE_SUPERLU       = NO
-MFEM_USE_SUPERLU5      = NO
-MFEM_USE_MUMPS         = NO
-MFEM_USE_STRUMPACK     = NO
-MFEM_USE_GINKGO        = NO
-MFEM_USE_AMGX          = NO
-MFEM_USE_GNUTLS        = NO
-MFEM_USE_NETCDF        = NO
-MFEM_USE_PETSC         = NO
-MFEM_USE_SLEPC         = NO
-MFEM_USE_MPFR          = NO
-MFEM_USE_SIDRE         = NO
-MFEM_USE_FMS           = NO
-MFEM_USE_CONDUIT       = NO
-MFEM_USE_PUMI          = NO
-MFEM_USE_HIOP          = NO
-MFEM_USE_GSLIB         = NO
-MFEM_USE_CUDA          = YES
-MFEM_USE_HIP           = NO
-MFEM_USE_RAJA          = NO
-MFEM_USE_OCCA          = NO
-MFEM_USE_CEED          = NO
-MFEM_USE_CALIPER       = NO
-MFEM_USE_ALGOIM        = NO
-MFEM_USE_UMPIRE        = NO
-MFEM_USE_SIMD          = NO
-MFEM_USE_ADIOS2        = NO
-MFEM_USE_MKL_CPARDISO  = NO
-MFEM_USE_MOONOLITH     = NO
-MFEM_USE_ADFORWARD     = NO
-MFEM_USE_CODIPACK      = NO
-MFEM_USE_BENCHMARK     = NO
-MFEM_USE_PARELAG       = NO
-MFEM_USE_ENZYME        = NO
-
-# MPI library compile and link flags
-# These settings are used only when building MFEM with MPI + HIP
-ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_MPI)$(MFEM_USE_HIP),YESYES)
-   # We determine MPI_DIR assuming $(MPICXX) is in $(MPI_DIR)/bin
-   MPI_DIR := $(patsubst %/,%,$(dir $(shell which $(MPICXX))))
-   MPI_DIR := $(patsubst %/,%,$(dir $(MPI_DIR)))
-   MPI_OPT = -I$(MPI_DIR)/include
-   MPI_LIB = -L$(MPI_DIR)/lib $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(MPI_DIR)/lib -lmpi
-endif
+MFEM_USE_ENZYME        = YES
+MFEM_USE_CUDA		   = YES
 
-# ROCM/HIP directory such that ROCM/HIP libraries like rocsparse and rocrand are
-# found in $(HIP_DIR)/lib, usually as links. Typically, this directoory is of
-# the form /opt/rocm-X.Y.Z which is called ROCM_PATH by hipconfig.
-ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_HIP),YES)
-   HIP_DIR := $(patsubst %/,%,$(dir $(shell which $(HIP_CXX))))
-   HIP_DIR := $(patsubst %/,%,$(dir $(HIP_DIR)))
-   ifeq (,$(wildcard $(HIP_DIR)/lib/librocsparse.*))
-      HIP_DIR := $(shell hipconfig --rocmpath 2> /dev/null)
-      ifeq (,$(wildcard $(HIP_DIR)/lib/librocsparse.*))
-         $(error Unable to determine HIP_DIR. Please set it manually.)
-      endif
-   endif
-endif
-
-# Compile and link options for zlib.
-ZLIB_DIR =
-ZLIB_OPT = $(if $(ZLIB_DIR),-I$(ZLIB_DIR)/include)
-ZLIB_LIB = $(if $(ZLIB_DIR),$(ZLIB_RPATH) -L$(ZLIB_DIR)/lib ,)-lz
-ZLIB_RPATH = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(ZLIB_DIR)/lib
-
-LIBUNWIND_OPT = -g
-LIBUNWIND_LIB = $(if $(NOTMAC),-lunwind -ldl,)
-
-# HYPRE library configuration (needed to build the parallel version)
 HYPRE_DIR = /usr/local
 HYPRE_OPT = -I$(HYPRE_DIR)/include
 HYPRE_LIB = -L$(HYPRE_DIR)/lib -lHYPRE
-ifeq (YES,$(MFEM_USE_CUDA))
-   # This is only necessary when hypre is built with cuda:
-   HYPRE_LIB += -lcusparse -lcurand
-endif
-ifeq (YES,$(MFEM_USE_HIP))
-   # This is only necessary when hypre is built with hip:
-   HYPRE_LIB += -L$(HIP_DIR)/lib $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(HIP_DIR)/lib\
- -lrocsparse -lrocrand
-endif
-
-# METIS library configuration
-ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_SUPERLU)$(MFEM_USE_STRUMPACK)$(MFEM_USE_MUMPS),NONONO)
-   ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_METIS_5),NO)
-     METIS_DIR = /usr/local
-     METIS_OPT =
-     METIS_LIB = -L$(METIS_DIR) -lmetis
-   else
-     METIS_DIR = /usr/local
-     METIS_OPT = -I$(METIS_DIR)/include
-     METIS_LIB = -L$(METIS_DIR)/lib -lmetis
-   endif
-else
-   # ParMETIS: currently needed by SuperLU or STRUMPACK. We assume that METIS 5
-   # (included with ParMETIS) is installed in the same location.
-   # Starting with STRUMPACK v2.2.0, ParMETIS is an optional dependency while
-   # METIS is still required.
-   METIS_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../parmetis-4.0.3
-   METIS_OPT = -I$(METIS_DIR)/include
-   METIS_LIB = -L$(METIS_DIR)/lib -lparmetis -lmetis
-   MFEM_USE_METIS_5 = YES
-endif
-
-# LAPACK library configuration
-LAPACK_OPT =
-LAPACK_LIB = $(if $(NOTMAC),-llapack -lblas,-framework Accelerate)
-
-# OpenMP configuration
-OPENMP_OPT = $(XCOMPILER)-fopenmp
-OPENMP_LIB =
-
-# Used when MFEM_TIMER_TYPE = 2
-POSIX_CLOCKS_LIB = -lrt
-
-# SUNDIALS library configuration
-# For sundials_nvecmpiplusx and nvecparallel remember to build with MPI_ENABLE=ON
-# and modify cmake variables for hypre for sundials
-SUNDIALS_DIR    = @MFEM_DIR@/../sundials-5.0.0/instdir
-SUNDIALS_OPT    = -I$(SUNDIALS_DIR)/include
-SUNDIALS_LIBDIR = $(wildcard $(SUNDIALS_DIR)/lib*)
-SUNDIALS_LIB    = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(SUNDIALS_LIBDIR) -L$(SUNDIALS_LIBDIR)\
- -lsundials_arkode -lsundials_cvodes -lsundials_nvecserial -lsundials_kinsol
-
-ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_MPI),YES)
-   SUNDIALS_LIB += -lsundials_nvecparallel -lsundials_nvecmpiplusx
-endif
-ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_CUDA),YES)
-   SUNDIALS_LIB += -lsundials_nveccuda
-endif
-# If SUNDIALS was built with KLU:
-# MFEM_USE_SUITESPARSE = YES
-
-# MESQUITE library configuration
-MESQUITE_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../mesquite-2.99
-MESQUITE_OPT = -I$(MESQUITE_DIR)/include
-MESQUITE_LIB = -L$(MESQUITE_DIR)/lib -lmesquite
-
-# SuiteSparse library configuration
-LIB_RT = $(if $(NOTMAC),-lrt,)
-SUITESPARSE_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../SuiteSparse
-SUITESPARSE_OPT = -I$(SUITESPARSE_DIR)/include
-SUITESPARSE_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(SUITESPARSE_DIR)/lib\
- -L$(SUITESPARSE_DIR)/lib -lklu -lbtf -lumfpack -lcholmod -lcolamd -lamd -lcamd\
- -lccolamd -lsuitesparseconfig $(LIB_RT) $(METIS_LIB) $(LAPACK_LIB)
-
-# SuperLU library configuration
-ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_SUPERLU5),YES)
-   SUPERLU_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../SuperLU_DIST_5.1.0
-   SUPERLU_OPT = -I$(SUPERLU_DIR)/include
-   SUPERLU_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(SUPERLU_DIR)/lib -L$(SUPERLU_DIR)/lib\
-      -lsuperlu_dist_5.1.0
-else
-   SUPERLU_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../SuperLU_DIST_6.3.1
-   SUPERLU_OPT = -I$(SUPERLU_DIR)/include
-   SUPERLU_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(SUPERLU_DIR)/lib64 -L$(SUPERLU_DIR)/lib64\
-      -lsuperlu_dist -lblas
-endif
-
-# SCOTCH library configuration (required by STRUMPACK <= v2.1.0, optional in
-# STRUMPACK >= v2.2.0)
-SCOTCH_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../scotch_6.0.4
-SCOTCH_OPT = -I$(SCOTCH_DIR)/include
-SCOTCH_LIB = -L$(SCOTCH_DIR)/lib -lptscotch -lptscotcherr -lscotch -lscotcherr\
- -lpthread
-
-# SCALAPACK library configuration (required by STRUMPACK and MUMPS)
-SCALAPACK_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../scalapack-2.0.2
-SCALAPACK_OPT = -I$(SCALAPACK_DIR)/SRC
-SCALAPACK_LIB = -L$(SCALAPACK_DIR)/lib -lscalapack $(LAPACK_LIB)
-
-# MPI Fortran library, needed e.g. by STRUMPACK or MUMPS
-# MPICH:
-MPI_FORTRAN_LIB = -lmpifort
-# OpenMPI:
-# MPI_FORTRAN_LIB = -lmpi_mpifh
-# Additional Fortan library:
-# MPI_FORTRAN_LIB += -lgfortran
-
-# MUMPS library configuration
-MUMPS_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../MUMPS_5.2.0
-MUMPS_OPT = -I$(MUMPS_DIR)/include
-MUMPS_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(MUMPS_DIR)/lib -L$(MUMPS_DIR)/lib -ldmumps\
- -lmumps_common -lpord $(SCALAPACK_LIB) $(LAPACK_LIB) $(MPI_FORTRAN_LIB)
 
-# STRUMPACK library configuration
-STRUMPACK_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../STRUMPACK-build
-STRUMPACK_OPT = -I$(STRUMPACK_DIR)/include $(SCOTCH_OPT)
-# If STRUMPACK was build with OpenMP support, the following may be need:
-# STRUMPACK_OPT += $(OPENMP_OPT)
-STRUMPACK_LIB = -L$(STRUMPACK_DIR)/lib -lstrumpack $(MPI_FORTRAN_LIB)\
- $(SCOTCH_LIB) $(SCALAPACK_LIB)
-
-# Ginkgo library configuration (currently not needed)
-GINKGO_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../ginkgo/install
-GINKGO_BUILD_TYPE=Release
-ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_GINKGO),YES)
-   BASE_FLAGS = -std=c++14
-endif
-GINKGO_OPT = -isystem $(GINKGO_DIR)/include
-GINKGO_LIB_DIR = $(sort $(dir $(wildcard $(GINKGO_DIR)/lib*/libginkgo*.a  $(GINKGO_DIR)/lib*/libginkgo*.so $(GINKGO_DIR)/lib*/libginkgo*.dylib $(GINKGO_DIR)/lib*/libginkgo*.dll)))
-ALL_GINKGO_LIBS_DEBUG = $(notdir $(basename $(wildcard $(GINKGO_DIR)/lib*/libginkgo*d.a  $(GINKGO_DIR)/lib*/libginkgo*d.so $(GINKGO_DIR)/lib*/libginkgo*d.dylib $(GINKGO_DIR)/lib*/libginkgo*d.dll)))
-ALL_GINKGO_LIBS = $(notdir $(basename $(wildcard $(GINKGO_DIR)/lib*/libginkgo*.a  $(GINKGO_DIR)/lib*/libginkgo*.so $(GINKGO_DIR)/lib*/libginkgo*.dylib $(GINKGO_DIR)/lib*/libginkgo*.dll)))
-ALL_GINKGO_LIBS_RELEASE = $(filter-out $(ALL_GINKGO_LIBS_DEBUG),$(ALL_GINKGO_LIBS))
-GINKGO_LINK = $(subst libginkgo,-lginkgo,$(ALL_GINKGO_LIBS_RELEASE))
-ifeq ($(GINKGO_BUILD_TYPE),Debug)
-  ifneq (,$(ALL_GINKGO_LIBS_DEBUG))
-    GINKGO_LINK = $(subst libginkgo,-lginkgo,$(ALL_GINKGO_LIBS_DEBUG))
-  endif
-else
-endif
-GINKGO_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(GINKGO_LIB_DIR) -L$(GINKGO_LIB_DIR) $(GINKGO_LINK)
-
-# AmgX library configuration
-AMGX_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../amgx
-AMGX_OPT = -I$(AMGX_DIR)/include
-AMGX_LIB = -lcusparse -lcusolver -lcublas -lnvToolsExt -L$(AMGX_DIR)/lib -lamgx
-
-# GnuTLS library configuration
-GNUTLS_OPT =
-GNUTLS_LIB = -lgnutls
-
-# NetCDF library configuration
-NETCDF_DIR = $(HOME)/local
-HDF5_DIR   = $(HOME)/local
-NETCDF_OPT = -I$(NETCDF_DIR)/include -I$(HDF5_DIR)/include $(ZLIB_OPT)
-NETCDF_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(NETCDF_DIR)/lib -L$(NETCDF_DIR)/lib\
- $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(HDF5_DIR)/lib -L$(HDF5_DIR)/lib\
- -lnetcdf -lhdf5_hl -lhdf5 $(ZLIB_LIB)
-
-# PETSc library configuration (version greater or equal to 3.8 or the dev branch)
-PETSC_ARCH := arch-linux2-c-debug
-PETSC_DIR  := $(MFEM_DIR)/../petsc/$(PETSC_ARCH)
-PETSC_VARS := $(PETSC_DIR)/lib/petsc/conf/petscvariables
-PETSC_FOUND := $(if $(wildcard $(PETSC_VARS)),YES,)
-PETSC_INC_VAR = PETSC_CC_INCLUDES
-PETSC_LIB_VAR = PETSC_EXTERNAL_LIB_BASIC
-ifeq ($(PETSC_FOUND),YES)
-   PETSC_OPT := $(shell sed -n "s/$(PETSC_INC_VAR) = *//p" $(PETSC_VARS))
-   PETSC_DEP := $(shell sed -n "s/$(PETSC_LIB_VAR) = *//p" $(PETSC_VARS))
-   PETSC_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(abspath $(PETSC_DIR))/lib\
-      -L$(abspath $(PETSC_DIR))/lib -lpetsc\
-      $(subst $(CXX_XLINKER),$(XLINKER),$(PETSC_DEP))
-endif
-
-SLEPC_DIR := $(MFEM_DIR)/../slepc
-SLEPC_VARS := $(SLEPC_DIR)/lib/slepc/conf/slepc_variables
-SLEPC_FOUND := $(if $(wildcard $(SLEPC_VARS)),YES,)
-SLEPC_INC_VAR = SLEPC_INCLUDE
-SLEPC_LIB_VAR = SLEPC_EXTERNAL_LIB
-ifeq ($(SLEPC_FOUND),YES)
-   SLEPC_OPT := $(shell sed -n "s/$(SLEPC_INC_VAR) *= *//p" $(SLEPC_VARS))
-   # Some additional external libraries might be defined in this file
-   -include ${SLEPC_DIR}/${PETSC_ARCH}/lib/slepc/conf/slepcvariables
-   SLEPC_DEP := $(shell sed -n "s/$(SLEPC_LIB_VAR) *= *//p" $(SLEPC_VARS))
-   SLEPC_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(abspath $(SLEPC_DIR))/$(PETSC_ARCH)/lib\
-      -L$(abspath $(SLEPC_DIR))/$(PETSC_ARCH)/lib -lslepc\
-      $(subst $(CXX_XLINKER),$(XLINKER),$(SLEPC_DEP))
-endif
-
-ifeq ($(MFEM_USE_MOONOLITH),YES)
-  include $(MOONOLITH_DIR)/config/moonolith-config.makefile
-  MOONOLITH_LIB=$(MOONOLITH_LIBRARIES)
-endif
-
-# MPFR library configuration
-MPFR_OPT =
-MPFR_LIB = -lmpfr
-
-# FMS and required libraries configuration
-FMS_DIR = $(MFEM_DIR)/../fms
-FMS_OPT = -I$(FMS_DIR)/include
-FMS_LIB = -Wl,-rpath,$(FMS_DIR)/lib -L$(FMS_DIR)/lib -lfms
-
-# Conduit and required libraries configuration
-CONDUIT_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../conduit
-CONDUIT_OPT = -I$(CONDUIT_DIR)/include/conduit
-CONDUIT_LIB = \
-   $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(CONDUIT_DIR)/lib -L$(CONDUIT_DIR)/lib \
-   -lconduit -lconduit_relay -lconduit_blueprint  -ldl
-
-# Check if Conduit was built with hdf5 support, by looking
-# for the relay hdf5 header
-CONDUIT_HDF5_HEADER=$(CONDUIT_DIR)/include/conduit/conduit_relay_hdf5.hpp
-ifneq (,$(wildcard $(CONDUIT_HDF5_HEADER)))
-   CONDUIT_OPT += -I$(HDF5_DIR)/include
-   CONDUIT_LIB += $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(HDF5_DIR)/lib -L$(HDF5_DIR)/lib \
-                  -lhdf5 $(ZLIB_LIB)
-endif
-
-# Sidre and required libraries configuration
-# Be sure to check the HDF5_DIR (set above) is correct
-SIDRE_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../axom
-SIDRE_OPT = -I$(SIDRE_DIR)/include -I$(CONDUIT_DIR)/include/conduit\
- -I$(HDF5_DIR)/include
-SIDRE_LIB = \
-   $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(SIDRE_DIR)/lib -L$(SIDRE_DIR)/lib \
-   $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(CONDUIT_DIR)/lib -L$(CONDUIT_DIR)/lib \
-   $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(HDF5_DIR)/lib -L$(HDF5_DIR)/lib \
-   -laxom -lconduit -lconduit_relay -lconduit_blueprint -lhdf5 $(ZLIB_LIB) -ldl
-
-# PUMI
-# Note that PUMI_DIR is needed -- it is used to check for gmi_sim.h
-PUMI_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../pumi-2.1.0
-PUMI_OPT = -I$(PUMI_DIR)/include
-PUMI_LIB = -L$(PUMI_DIR)/lib -lpumi -lcrv -lma -lmds -lapf -lpcu -lgmi -lparma\
-   -llion -lmth -lapf_zoltan -lspr
-
-# HIOP
-HIOP_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../hiop/install
-HIOP_OPT = -I$(HIOP_DIR)/include
-HIOP_LIB = -L$(HIOP_DIR)/lib -lhiop $(LAPACK_LIB)
-
-# CoDiPack
-CODIPACK_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../CoDiPack
-CODIPACK_OPT = -I$(CODIPACK_DIR)
-CODIPACK_LIB =
-
-# GSLIB library
-GSLIB_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../gslib/build
-GSLIB_OPT = -I$(GSLIB_DIR)/include
-GSLIB_LIB = -L$(GSLIB_DIR)/lib -lgs
-
-# CUDA library configuration
-CUDA_OPT =
-CUDA_LIB = -lcusparse
-
-# HIP library configuration
-HIP_OPT =
-HIP_LIB = -L$(HIP_DIR)/lib $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(HIP_DIR)/lib -lhipsparse
-
-# OCCA library configuration
-OCCA_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../occa
-OCCA_OPT = -I$(OCCA_DIR)/include
-OCCA_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(OCCA_DIR)/lib -L$(OCCA_DIR)/lib -locca
-
-# CALIPER library configuration
-CALIPER_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../caliper
-CALIPER_OPT = -I$(CALIPER_DIR)/include
-CALIPER_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(CALIPER_DIR)/lib64 -L$(CALIPER_DIR)/lib64 -lcaliper
-
-# BLITZ library configuration
-BLITZ_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../blitz
-BLITZ_OPT = -I$(BLITZ_DIR)/include
-BLITZ_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(BLITZ_DIR)/lib -L$(BLITZ_DIR)/lib -lblitz
-
-# ALGOIM library configuration
-ALGOIM_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../algoim
-ALGOIM_OPT = -I$(ALGOIM_DIR)/src $(BLITZ_OPT)
-ALGOIM_LIB = $(BLITZ_LIB)
-
-# BENCHMARK library configuration
-BENCHMARK_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../google-benchmark
-BENCHMARK_OPT = -I$(BENCHMARK_DIR)/include
-BENCHMARK_LIB = -L$(BENCHMARK_DIR)/lib -lbenchmark -lpthread
-
-# libCEED library configuration
-CEED_DIR ?= @MFEM_DIR@/../libCEED
-CEED_OPT = -I$(CEED_DIR)/include
-CEED_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(CEED_DIR)/lib -L$(CEED_DIR)/lib -lceed
-
-# RAJA library configuration
-RAJA_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../raja
-RAJA_OPT = -I$(RAJA_DIR)/include
-ifdef CUB_DIR
-   RAJA_OPT += -I$(CUB_DIR)
-endif
-ifdef CAMP_DIR
-   RAJA_OPT += -I$(CAMP_DIR)/include
-endif
-RAJA_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(RAJA_DIR)/lib -L$(RAJA_DIR)/lib -lRAJA
-
-# UMPIRE library configuration
-UMPIRE_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../umpire
-UMPIRE_OPT = -I$(UMPIRE_DIR)/include $(if $(CAMP_DIR), -I$(CAMP_DIR)/include)
-UMPIRE_LIB = -L$(UMPIRE_DIR)/lib -lumpire
-
-# MKL CPardiso library configuration
-MKL_CPARDISO_DIR ?=
-MKL_MPI_WRAPPER ?= mkl_blacs_mpich_lp64
-MKL_LIBRARY_SUBDIR ?= lib
-MKL_CPARDISO_OPT = -I$(MKL_CPARDISO_DIR)/include
-MKL_CPARDISO_LIB = $(XLINKER)-rpath,$(MKL_CPARDISO_DIR)/$(MKL_LIBRARY_SUBDIR)\
-   -L$(MKL_CPARDISO_DIR)/$(MKL_LIBRARY_SUBDIR) -l$(MKL_MPI_WRAPPER)\
-   -lmkl_intel_lp64 -lmkl_sequential -lmkl_core
-
-# PARELAG library configuration
-PARELAG_DIR = @MFEM_DIR@/../parelag
-PARELAG_OPT = -I$(PARELAG_DIR)/src -I$(PARELAG_DIR)/build/src
-PARELAG_LIB = -L$(PARELAG_DIR)/build/src -lParELAG
-
-# Enzyme configuration
-
-# If you want to enable automatic differentiation at compile time, use the
-# options below, adapted to your configuration. To be more flexible, we
-# recommend using the Enzyme plugin during link time optimization. One option is
-# to add your options to the global compiler/linker flags like
-#
-# BASE_FLAGS += -flto
-# CXX_XLINKER += -fuse-ld=lld -Wl,--lto-legacy-pass-manager\
-#                -Wl,-mllvm=-load=$(ENZYME_DIR)/LLDEnzyme-$(ENZYME_VERSION).so -Wl,
-#
-ENZYME_DIR ?= @MFEM_DIR@/../enzyme
-ENZYME_VERSION ?= 14
-ENZYME_OPT = -fno-experimental-new-pass-manager -Xclang -load -Xclang $(ENZYME_DIR)/ClangEnzyme-$(ENZYME_VERSION).so
-ENZYME_LIB = ""
-
-# If YES, enable some informational messages
-VERBOSE = NO
+METIS_DIR =
+METIS_OPT =
+METIS_LIB = -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -lmetis -lparmetis
 
-# Optional build tag
-MFEM_BUILD_TAG = $(shell uname -snm)
\ No newline at end of file
+ENZYME_DIR = /usr/local
diff --git a/docker-compose.yaml b/docker-compose.yaml
index 4a91ab1..4bc7d01 100644
--- a/docker-compose.yaml
+++ b/docker-compose.yaml
@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
-version: '3'
-
 services:
   base:
     build:
       context: base
       args:
-        num_jobs: 2
+        num_jobs: 8
     image: ghcr.io/mfem/containers/base:latest
 
   cpu:
@@ -13,7 +11,7 @@ services:
       context: cpu
       args:
         num_jobs: 8
-        hypre_version: 2.27.0
+        hypre_version: 2.31.0
     image: ghcr.io/mfem/containers/cpu:latest
 
   cpu-tpls:
@@ -28,18 +26,10 @@ services:
       context: cuda
       args:
         num_jobs: 8
-        cuda_arch_sm: 70
-        hypre_version: 2.27.0
+        cuda_arch_sm: 89
+        hypre_version: 2.31.0
     image: ghcr.io/mfem/containers/cuda:latest
 
-  cuda-tpls:
-    build:
-      context: cuda-tpls
-      args:
-        num_jobs: 8
-        cuda_arch_sm: 70
-    image: ghcr.io/mfem/containers/cuda-tpls:latest
-
   developer-cpu:
     build:
       context: developer
@@ -54,5 +44,5 @@ services:
       args:
         base_image: cuda-tpls
         num_jobs: 8
-        cuda_arch_sm: 70
+        cuda_arch_sm: 89
     image: ghcr.io/mfem/containers/developer-cuda:latest