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<h1 id="porting-from-autotools">Porting from Autotools</h1>
<p>This page uses
<a href="https://github.com/hughsie/appstream-glib/">AppStream-glib</a> as an
example project. AppStream-Glib contains some libraries, GObject
Introspection data, tests, man pages, i18n, bash-completion with
optional flags to build/not build support for some things.</p>
<p>Meson comes with a helper script <code>ac_converter</code> that you can use to
convert the basic autoconf checks for your project.</p>
<h2 id="configureac">Configure.ac</h2>
<p>First let's look at <code>configure.ac</code> and write the same in
<code>meson.build</code>.</p>
<pre><code class="language-autoconf">AC_PREREQ(2.63)
</code></pre>
<p>Meson doesn't provide the same function, so just ignore this.</p>
<h3 id="defining-variables">Defining variables</h3>
<p><code>configure.ac</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-autoconf">m4_define([as_major_version], [0])
m4_define([as_minor_version], [3])
m4_define([as_micro_version], [6])
m4_define([as_version],
[as_major_version.as_minor_version.as_micro_version])
</code></pre>
<p><code>meson.build</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-meson">
as_version = meson.project_version() # set in project() below
ver_arr = as_version.split('.')
as_major_version = ver_arr[0]
as_minor_version = ver_arr[1]
as_micro_version = ver_arr[2]
</code></pre>
<h3 id="initializing-project-and-setting-compilers">Initializing project and setting compilers</h3>
<p><code>configure.ac</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-autoconf">AC_INIT([appstream-glib],[as_version])
AC_PROG_CC
</code></pre>
<p><code>meson.build</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-meson">project('appstream-glib', 'c', version : '0.3.6')
</code></pre>
<p>Note that this must be the first line of your <code>meson.build</code> file.</p>
<h3 id="ac_subst">AC_SUBST</h3>
<p><code>configure.ac</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-autoconf">AC_SUBST(AS_MAJOR_VERSION)
AC_SUBST(AS_MINOR_VERSION)
AC_SUBST(AS_MICRO_VERSION)
AC_SUBST(AS_VERSION)
</code></pre>
<p>You don't need to do the same in Meson, because it does not have two
different types of files (Makefile, configure).</p>
<h3 id="auto-headers">Auto headers</h3>
<p><code>configure.ac</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-autoconf">AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([config.h])
</code></pre>
<p><code>meson.build</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-meson">conf = configuration_data()
# Surround the version in quotes to make it a C string
conf.set_quoted('VERSION', as_version)
configure_file(output : 'config.h',
configuration : conf)
</code></pre>
<p>Meson doesn't support autoheaders, you need to manually specify what
do you want to see in header file, write <code>configuration_data()</code> object
and use <code>configure_file()</code>.</p>
<p>You can also substitute variables of type <code>@SOME_VAR@</code> with configure
data. The details are on the <a href="Configuration.html">configuration page</a>.</p>
<h3 id="finding-programs">Finding programs</h3>
<p><code>configure.ac</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-autoconf">AC_PATH_PROG(GPERF, [gperf], [no])
if test x$GPERF != xno ; then
AC_DEFINE(HAVE_GPERF,[1], [Use gperf])
fi
AM_CONDITIONAL(HAVE_GPERF, [test x$GPERF != xno])
</code></pre>
<p><code>meson.build</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-meson">gperf = find_program('gperf', required : false)
if gperf.found()
conf.set('HAVE_GPERF', 1)
endif
</code></pre>
<h3 id="finding-pkgconfig-modules">Finding pkg-config modules</h3>
<p><code>configure.ac</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-autoconf">PKG_CHECK_MODULES(SOUP, libsoup-2.4 >= 2.24)
</code></pre>
<p><code>meson.build</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-meson">soup = dependency('libsoup-2.4', version : '>= 2.24')
</code></pre>
<h3 id="arguments">Arguments</h3>
<p><code>configure.ac</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-autoconf">AC_ARG_ENABLE(dep11, AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-dep11],[enable DEP-11]),
enable_dep11=$enableval,enable_dep11=yes)
AM_CONDITIONAL(HAVE_DEP11, test x$enable_dep11 = xyes)
if test x$enable_dep11 = xyes; then
AC_CHECK_HEADER(yaml.h, [], [AC_MSG_ERROR([No yaml.h])])
YAML_LIBS="-lyaml"
AC_SUBST(YAML_LIBS)
AC_DEFINE(AS_BUILD_DEP11,1,[Build DEP-11 code])
fi
</code></pre>
<p><code>meson.build</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-meson">if get_option('enable-dep11')
yaml = dependency('yaml-0.1')
conf.set('AS_BUILD_DEP11', 1)
else
yaml = dependency('yaml-0.1', required : false)
endif
</code></pre>
<p><code>meson.options</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-meson">option('enable-dep11', type : 'boolean', value : true, description : 'enable DEP-11')
</code></pre>
<h2 id="makefileam">Makefile.am</h2>
<p>Next step is <code>Makefile.am</code>. In Meson you don't need to have other
file, you still use <code>meson.build</code>.</p>
<h3 id="sub-directories">Sub directories</h3>
<p><code>Makefile.am</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-make">SUBDIRS = \
libappstream-glib
</code></pre>
<p><code>meson.build</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-meson">subdir('libappstream-glib')
</code></pre>
<h3 id="cleanfiles-extra_dist-etc">*CLEANFILES, EXTRA_DIST, etc.</h3>
<p><code>Makefile.am</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-make">DISTCLEANFILES = \
appstream-glib-*.tar.xz
MAINTAINERCLEANFILES = \
*~ \
ABOUT-NLS \
aclocal.m4 \
ChangeLog \
compile \
config.guess \
config.h.* \
config.rpath
EXTRA_DIST = \
COPYING \
MAINTAINERS \
AUTHORS \
README.md \
NEWS \
autogen.sh \
config.h
</code></pre>
<p>In Meson you don't need have <code>*CLEANFILES</code>, because in Meson you are
building in temporary directory (usually called <code>build</code>), you manually
removing it. You also not need to use <code>EXTRA_DIST</code>, because you will
make tarballs via <code>git archive</code> or something like this.</p>
<h3 id="glibcompileresources">glib-compile-resources</h3>
<p><code>Makefile.am</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-make">as-resources.c: appstream-glib.gresource.xml \
as-stock-icons.txt \
as-license-ids.txt \
as-blacklist-ids.txt \
as-category-ids.txt \
as-environment-ids.txt
$(AM_V_GEN) \
glib-compile-resources \
--sourcedir=$(srcdir) \
--sourcedir=$(top_builddir)/data \
--target=$@ \
--generate-source \
--c-name as \
$(srcdir)/appstream-glib.gresource.xml
as-resources.h: appstream-glib.gresource.xml \
as-stock-icons.txt \
as-license-ids.txt \
as-blacklist-ids.txt \
as-category-ids.txt \
as-environment-ids.txt
$(AM_V_GEN) \
glib-compile-resources \
--sourcedir=$(srcdir) \
--sourcedir=$(top_builddir)/data \
--target=$@ \
--generate-header \
--c-name as \
$(srcdir)/appstream-glib.gresource.xml
BUILT_SOURCES = \
as-resources.c \
as-resources.h
</code></pre>
<p><code>meson.build</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-meson">asresources = gnome.compile_resources(
'as-resources', 'appstream-glib.gresource.xml',
source_dir : '.',
c_name : 'as')
</code></pre>
<h3 id="headers">Headers</h3>
<p><code>Makefile.am</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-make">libappstream_glib_includedir = $(includedir)/libappstream-glib
libappstream_glib_include_HEADERS = \
appstream-glib.h \
as-app.h \
as-bundle.h \
as-enums.h \
as-icon.h \
as-image.h \
as-inf.h \
as-node.h \
as-problem.h \
as-provide.h \
as-release.h \
as-screenshot.h \
as-store.h \
as-tag.h \
as-utils.h \
as-version.h
</code></pre>
<p><code>meson.build</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-meson">headers = [
'appstream-glib.h',
'as-app.h',
'as-bundle.h',
'as-enums.h',
'as-icon.h',
'as-image.h',
'as-inf.h',
'as-node.h',
'as-problem.h',
'as-provide.h',
'as-release.h',
'as-screenshot.h',
'as-store.h',
'as-tag.h',
'as-utils.h',
'as-version.h']
install_headers(headers, subdir : 'libappstream-glib')
</code></pre>
<h3 id="libraries">Libraries</h3>
<p><code>Makefile.am</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-make">lib_LTLIBRARIES = \
libappstream-glib.la
libappstream_glib_la_SOURCES = \
as-app.c \
as-app-desktop.c \
as-app-inf.c \
as-app-private.h \
as-app-validate.c \
as-bundle.c \
as-bundle-private.h \
as-cleanup.h \
as-enums.c \
as-icon.c \
as-icon-private.h \
as-image.c \
as-image-private.h \
as-inf.c \
as-inf.h \
as-node.c \
as-node-private.h \
as-problem.c \
as-problem.h \
as-provide.c \
as-provide-private.h \
as-release.c \
as-release-private.h \
as-resources.c \
as-resources.h \
as-screenshot.c \
as-screenshot-private.h \
as-store.c \
as-tag.c \
as-utils.c \
as-utils-private.h \
as-version.h \
as-yaml.c \
as-yaml.h
libappstream_glib_la_LIBADD = \
$(GLIB_LIBS) \
$(GDKPIXBUF_LIBS) \
$(LIBARCHIVE_LIBS) \
$(SOUP_LIBS) \
$(YAML_LIBS)
libappstream_glib_la_LDFLAGS = \
-version-info $(LT_CURRENT):$(LT_REVISION):$(LT_AGE) \
-export-dynamic \
-no-undefined \
-export-symbols-regex '^as_.*'
</code></pre>
<p><code>meson.build</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-meson">sources = [
'as-app.c',
'as-app-desktop.c',
'as-app-inf.c',
'as-app-private.h',
'as-app-validate.c',
'as-bundle.c',
'as-bundle-private.h',
'as-cleanup.h',
'as-enums.c',
'as-icon.c',
'as-icon-private.h',
'as-image.c',
'as-image-private.h',
'as-inf.c',
'as-inf.h',
'as-node.c',
'as-node-private.h',
'as-problem.c',
'as-problem.h',
'as-provide.c',
'as-provide-private.h',
'as-release.c',
'as-release-private.h',
asresources,
'as-screenshot.c',
'as-screenshot-private.h',
'as-store.c',
'as-tag.c',
'as-utils.c',
'as-utils-private.h',
'as-version.h',
'as-yaml.c',
'as-yaml.h']
deps = [glib, gdkpixbuf, libarchive, soup, yaml]
mapfile = 'appstream-glib.map'
vflag = '-Wl,--version-script,@0@/@1@'.format(meson.current_source_dir(), mapfile)
asglib = shared_library(
'appstream-glib', sources,
soversion : lt_current,
version : lt_version,
dependencies : deps,
include_directories : include_directories('@0@/..'.format(meson.current_build_dir())),
link_args : ['-Wl,--no-undefined', vflag],
link_depends : mapfile,
install : true)
</code></pre>
<p><code>appstream-glib.map</code>:</p>
<pre><code>{
global:
as_*;
local:
*;
};
</code></pre>
<h3 id="custom-targets">Custom targets</h3>
<p><code>Makefile.am</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-make">if HAVE_GPERF
as-tag-private.h: as-tag.gperf
$(AM_V_GEN) gperf < $< > $@
libappstream_glib_la_SOURCES += as-tag-private.h
BUILT_SOURCES += as-tag-private.h
endif
</code></pre>
<p><code>meson.build</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-meson">if gperf.found()
astagpriv = custom_target('gperf as-tag',
output : 'as-tag-private.h',
input : 'as-tag.gperf',
command : [gperf, '@INPUT@', '--output-file', '@OUTPUT@'])
sources = sources + [astagpriv]
endif
</code></pre>
<h3 id="global-cflags">Global CFLAGS</h3>
<p><code>Makefile.am</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-make">AM_CPPFLAGS = \
-DAS_COMPILATION \
-DLOCALSTATEDIR=\""$(localstatedir)"\" \
-DG_LOG_DOMAIN=\"As\"
</code></pre>
<p><code>meson.build</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-meson">add_project_arguments('-DG_LOG_DOMAIN="As"', language : 'c')
add_project_arguments('-DAS_COMPILATION', language : 'c')
add_project_arguments('-DLOCALSTATEDIR="/var"', language : 'c')
</code></pre>
<h3 id="tests">Tests</h3>
<p><code>Makefile.am</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-make">check_PROGRAMS = \
as-self-test
as_self_test_SOURCES = \
as-self-test.c
as_self_test_LDADD = \
$(GLIB_LIBS) \
$(GDKPIXBUF_LIBS) \
$(LIBARCHIVE_LIBS) \
$(SOUP_LIBS) \
$(YAML_LIBS) \
$(lib_LTLIBRARIES)
as_self_test_CFLAGS = -DTESTDATADIR=\""$(top_srcdir)/data/tests"\"
TESTS = as-self-test
</code></pre>
<p><code>meson.build</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-meson">selftest = executable(
'as-self-test', 'as-self-test.c',
include_directories : include_directories('@0@/..'.format(meson.current_build_dir())),
dependencies : deps,
c_args : '-DTESTDATADIR="@0@/../data/tests"'.format(meson.current_source_dir()),
link_with : asglib)
test('as-self-test', selftest)
</code></pre>
<h3 id="gobject-introspection">GObject Introspection</h3>
<p><code>Makefile.am</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-make">introspection_sources = \
as-app.c \
as-app-validate.c \
as-app.h \
as-bundle.c \
as-bundle.h \
as-enums.c \
as-enums.h \
as-icon.c \
as-icon.h \
as-image.c \
as-image.h \
as-inf.c \
as-inf.h \
as-node.c \
as-node.h \
as-problem.c \
as-problem.h \
as-provide.c \
as-provide.h \
as-release.c \
as-release.h \
as-screenshot.c \
as-screenshot.h \
as-store.c \
as-store.h \
as-tag.c \
as-tag.h \
as-utils.c \
as-utils.h \
as-version.h
AppStreamGlib-1.0.gir: libappstream-glib.la
AppStreamGlib_1_0_gir_INCLUDES = GObject-2.0 Gio-2.0 GdkPixbuf-2.0
AppStreamGlib_1_0_gir_CFLAGS = $(AM_CPPFLAGS)
AppStreamGlib_1_0_gir_SCANNERFLAGS = --identifier-prefix=As \
--symbol-prefix=as_ \
--warn-all \
--add-include-path=$(srcdir)
AppStreamGlib_1_0_gir_EXPORT_PACKAGES = appstream-glib
AppStreamGlib_1_0_gir_LIBS = libappstream-glib.la
AppStreamGlib_1_0_gir_FILES = $(introspection_sources)
INTROSPECTION_GIRS += AppStreamGlib-1.0.gir
girdir = $(datadir)/gir-1.0
gir_DATA = $(INTROSPECTION_GIRS)
typelibdir = $(libdir)/girepository-1.0
typelib_DATA = $(INTROSPECTION_GIRS:.gir=.typelib)
CLEANFILES += $(gir_DATA) $(typelib_DATA)
</code></pre>
<p><code>meson.build</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-meson">introspection_sources = [
'as-app.c',
'as-app-validate.c',
'as-app.h',
'as-bundle.c',
'as-bundle.h',
'as-enums.c',
'as-enums.h',
'as-icon.c',
'as-icon.h',
'as-image.c',
'as-image.h',
'as-inf.c',
'as-inf.h',
'as-node.c',
'as-node.h',
'as-problem.c',
'as-problem.h',
'as-provide.c',
'as-provide.h',
'as-release.c',
'as-release.h',
'as-screenshot.c',
'as-screenshot.h',
'as-store.c',
'as-store.h',
'as-tag.c',
'as-tag.h',
'as-utils.c',
'as-utils.h',
'as-version.h']
gnome.generate_gir(asglib,
sources : introspection_sources,
nsversion : '1.0',
namespace : 'AppStreamGlib',
symbol_prefix : 'as_',
identifier_prefix : 'As',
export_packages : 'appstream-glib',
includes : ['GObject-2.0', 'Gio-2.0', 'GdkPixbuf-2.0'],
install : true
)
</code></pre>
<h3 id="gsettings">GSettings</h3>
<p><code>configure.ac</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-sh">GLIB_GSETTINGS
</code></pre>
<p><code>Makefile.am</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-make">gsettings_SCHEMAS = foo.gschema.xml
@GSETTINGS_RULES@
</code></pre>
<p><code>meson.build</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-meson">install_data('foo.gschema.xml', install_dir: get_option('datadir') / 'glib-2.0' / 'schemas')
meson.add_install_script('meson_post_install.py')
</code></pre>
<p><code>meson_post_install.py</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-python">#!/usr/bin/env python3
import os
import subprocess
schemadir = os.path.join(os.environ['MESON_INSTALL_PREFIX'], 'share', 'glib-2.0', 'schemas')
if not os.environ.get('DESTDIR'):
print('Compiling gsettings schemas...')
subprocess.call(['glib-compile-schemas', schemadir])
</code></pre>
<h3 id="gettext">gettext</h3>
<p>Note this example does not include <code>intltool</code> usage.</p>
<p><code>configure.ac</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-m4">AM_GNU_GETTEXT([external])
AM_GNU_GETTEXT_VERSION([0.19.7])
GETTEXT_PACKAGE=foo
AC_SUBST(GETTEXT_PACKAGE)
AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(GETTEXT_PACKAGE, "$GETTEXT_PACKAGE", [The prefix for our gettext translation domains.])
</code></pre>
<p><code>po/Makevars</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-make">XGETTEXT_OPTIONS = --from-code=UTF-8 --keyword=_ --keyword=N_ --keyword=C_:1c,2 --keyword=NC_:1c,2 --keyword=g_dngettext:2,3 --add-comments
</code></pre>
<p><code>Makefile.am</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-make">%.desktop: %.desktop.in
$(AM_V_GEN)$(MSGFMT) --desktop --template $< -d $(top_srcdir)/po -o $@
%.appdata.xml: %.appdata.xml.in
$(AM_V_GEN)$(MSGFMT) --xml --template $< -d $(top_srcdir)/po -o $@
</code></pre>
<p><code>meson.build</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-meson">i18n = import('i18n')
gettext_package = 'foo'
add_project_arguments('-DGETTEXT_PACKAGE=' + gettext_package, language: 'c')
subdir('po')
i18n.merge_file(
input: 'foo.desktop.in',
output: 'foo.desktop',
type: 'desktop',
po_dir: 'po',
install: true,
install_dir: get_option('datadir') / 'applications'
)
i18n.merge_file(
input: 'foo.appdata.xml.in',
output: 'foo.appdata.xml',
po_dir: 'po',
install: true,
install_dir: get_option('datadir') / 'appdata'
)
</code></pre>
<p><code>po/meson.build</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-meson">i18n.gettext(gettext_package, preset: 'glib')
</code></pre>
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