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api-creation.html
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<h1>API Creation</h1>
<p>Creating and exposing APIs allows your web application to interact with other
applications through machine-to-machine communication.</p>
<h2>API creation frameworks</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<p><a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/">Django REST framework</a> and
<a href="https://django-tastypie.readthedocs.org/en/latest/">Tastypie</a> are
the two most widely used API frameworks to use with Django. The edge
currently goes to Django REST framework based on rough community sentiment.
Django REST framework recently hit the
<a href="http://www.django-rest-framework.org/topics/3.0-announcement/">3.0 release mark</a>
after Tom Christie ran a
<a href="https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/tomchristie/django-rest-framework-3">successful Kickstarter campaign</a>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://flask-restful.readthedocs.org/en/latest/">Flask-RESTful</a> and
<a href="http://flask.pocoo.org/docs/api/">Flask API</a> are popular libraries for
exposing APIs from Flask web applications.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://www.github.com/jeffknupp/sandman">Sandman</a> is a widely used tool to
automatically generate a RESTful API service from a legacy database without
writing a line of code (though it's easily extensible through code).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://cornice.readthedocs.org/en/latest/">Cornice</a> is a REST framework
for Pyramid.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://github.com/toastdriven/restless">Restless</a> is a lightweight API
framework that aims to be framework agnostic. The general concept is that
you can use the same API code for Django, Flask, Bottle, Pyramid or any
other WSGI framework with minimal porting effort.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://python-eve.org/">Eve</a> is a Python REST framework built with Flask,
MongoDB and Redis. The framework's primary author
<a href="https://twitter.com/nicolaiarocci">Nicola Iarocci</a> gave a great talk at
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9sUsLvG72_o">EuroPython 2014</a> that
introduced the main features of the framework.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2>API testing projects</h2>
<p>Building, running and maintaining APIs requires as much effort as building,
running and maintaining a web application. API testing frameworks are the
equivalent of browser testing in the web application world.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/zatosource/zato-apitest">zato-apitest</a> invokes HTTP
APIs and provides hooks for running through other testing frameworks.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Hosted API testing services</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<p><a href="https://www.runscope.com/">Runscope</a> is an API testing SaaS application
that can test both your own APIs and external APIs that your application
relies upon.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://www.apiscience.com/">API Science</a> is focused on deep API testing,
including multi-step API calls and monitoring of external APIs.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://smartbear.com/api-testing/">SmartBear</a> has several API monitoring
and testing tools for APIs.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2>API creation resources</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<p><a href="http://pydanny.com/choosing-an-api-framework-for-django.html">Choosing an API framework for Django</a>
by <a href="https://twitter.com/pydanny">PyDanny</a> contains questions and insight
into what makes a good API framework and which one you should currently
choose for Django.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://www.slideshare.net/Solution4Future/python-restful-webservices-with-python-flask-and-django-solutions">RESTful web services with Python</a>
is an interesting overview of the Python API frameworks space.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://www.slideshare.net/jmusser/ten-reasons-developershateyourapi">10 Reasons Why Developers Hate Your API (And what to do about it)</a>
goes through the top difficulties and annoyances developers face when
working with APIs and how you can avoid your API falling into the same
traps.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Versioning of RESTful APIs is a difficult and contentious topic in the
web API community. This two-part series covers
<a href="http://urthen.github.io/2013/05/09/ways-to-version-your-api/">various ways to version your API</a>
and <a href="http://urthen.github.io/2013/05/16/ways-to-version-your-api-part-2/">how to architect a version-less API</a>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://www.narwhl.com/">NARWHL</a> is a practical API design site for
developers confused about what is appropriate for RESTful APIs.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://blog.luisrei.com/articles/flaskrest.html">Implementing a RESTful Web API with Python & Flask</a>
is a straightforward introduction to using Flask to create request
handling and responses to produce a web API.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>This <a href="https://github.com/interagent/http-api-design">API Design Guide</a>
is based on Heroku's best practices for the platform's API.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://18f.gsa.gov/">18F</a>'s
<a href="https://github.com/18f/api-standards">API standards</a> explains the details
behind their design decisions on creating modern RESTful APIs.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://medium.com/@zwacky/design-a-beautiful-rest-api-901c73489458">Design a beautiful REST API</a>
reviews common design decisions regarding endpoints, versioning, errors and
pagination. There is also a
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5WXYw4J4QOU">source material YouTube video</a>
where this blog post derives its recommendations from.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://amberonrails.com/move-fast-dont-break-your-api/">Move Fast, Don't Break Your API</a>
are slides and a detailed blog post from Amber Feng at Stripe about
building an API, separating layers of responsibility, hiding backwards
compatibility and a whole slew of other great advice for developers
and API designers.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://www.bizcoder.com/self-descriptive-isn-t-don-t-assume-anything">Self-descriptive, isn't. Don't assume anything.</a>
is an appeal that metadata makes a difference in whether APIs are descriptive
or not.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://artsy.github.io/blog/2014/09/12/designing-the-public-artsy-api/">Designing the Artsy API</a>
has their recommendations list for building an API based on their recent
experiences.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://bourgeois.me/rest/">Some REST Best Practices</a> is a high level
summary of rules to follow while creating your API.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2>API creation learning checklist</h2>
<p><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i>
Pick an API framework appropriate for your web framework. For Django I
recommend Django REST framework and for Flask I recommend Flask-RESTful.</p>
<p><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i>
Begin by building out a simple use case for the API. Generally the use case
will either involve data that users want in a machine-readable format or a
backend for alternative clients such as an iOS or Android mobile app.</p>
<p><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i>
Add an authentication mechanism through OAuth or a token scheme.</p>
<p><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i>
Add rate limiting to the API if data usage volume could be a performance issue.
Also add basic metrics so you can determine how often the API is being
accessed and whether it is performing properly.</p>
<p><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i>
Provide ample documentation and a walkthrough for how the API can be accessed
and used.</p>
<p><i class="fa fa-check-square-o"></i>
Figure out other use cases and expand based on what you learned with the
initial API use case.</p>
<h3>What's next after building an API for your web app?</h3>
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<div class="panel-heading"><h3 class="panel-head">API Creation</h3></div>
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<a href="/">Full Stack Python</a> is an open book that explains
each Python web application stack layer and provides the
best web resources for those topics.
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There's a work-in-progress
<a href="/full-stack-python-map.pdf">subjects map (.pdf)</a>
that visually lays out each chapter in addition to the table of
contents found below.
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Need more detailed tutorials and walkthroughs than what is
presented here?
<a href="/email.html">Sign up for an email alert when that content is created.</a>
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<a href="http://twitter.com/mattmakai">Matt Makai</a> built
this site with assistance from community pull requests. On GitHub
you can <a href="https://github.com/makaimc">follow Matt</a>
to see the daily changes.
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<div class="panel panel-success">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h3 class="panel-head">Table of Contents</h3>
</div>
<div class="list-group">
<a href="/introduction.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Introduction</a>
<a href="/web-frameworks.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Web Frameworks</a>
<a href="/django.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Django</a>
<a href="/flask.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Flask</a>
<a href="/bottle.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Bottle</a>
<a href="/morepath.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Morepath</a>
<a href="/other-web-frameworks.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Other Web Frameworks</a>
<a href="/deployment.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Deployment</a>
<a href="/servers.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Servers</a>
<a href="/platform-as-a-service.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Platform-as-a-service</a>
<a href="/operating-systems.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Operating Systems</a>
<a href="/web-servers.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Web Servers</a>
<a href="/wsgi-servers.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">WSGI Servers</a>
<a href="/source-control.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Source Control</a>
<a href="/application-dependencies.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Application Dependencies</a>
<a href="/databases.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Databases</a>
<a href="/no-sql-datastore.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">NoSQL Data Stores</a>
<a href="/web-design.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Web Design</a>
<a href="/cascading-style-sheets.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Cascading Style Sheets</a>
<a href="/javascript.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">JavaScript</a>
<a href="/continuous-integration.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Continuous Integration</a>
<a href="/code-metrics.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Code Metrics</a>
<a href="/configuration-management.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Configuration Management</a>
<a href="/static-content.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Static Content</a>
<a href="/caching.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Caching</a>
<a href="/task-queues.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Task Queues</a>
<a href="/application-programming-interfaces.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Application Programming Interfaces</a>
<a href="/api-integration.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">API Integration</a>
<a href="/api-creation.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item active">API Creation</a>
<a href="/logging.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Logging</a>
<a href="/monitoring.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Monitoring</a>
<a href="/web-analytics.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Web Analytics</a>
<a href="/web-application-security.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Web Application Security</a>
<a href="/best-python-resources.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Best Python Resources</a>
<a href="/development-environments.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Development Environments</a>
<a href="/about-author.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">About the Author</a>
<a href="/change-log.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Change Log</a>
<a href="/future-directions.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Future Directions</a>
<a href="/what-full-stack-means.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">What "Full Stack" Means</a>
<a href="/why-use-python.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Why Use Python?</a>
<a href="/websockets.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">WebSockets</a>
<a href="/docker.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Docker</a>
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<a href="http://www.mattmakai.com/" class="underline">Matt Makai</a>
2014
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