From d4b3d75c079aef271f7b3217a11a1f6fc3e59b34 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zixuan Chen <remch183@outlook.com>
Date: Thu, 7 Sep 2023 21:34:15 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 001/111] feat: richtext wip

---
 .vscode/settings.json                         |   1 +
 Cargo.lock                                    |   4 +-
 crates/compact-bytes/Cargo.toml               |   2 +-
 crates/loro-internal/Cargo.toml               |  14 +-
 .../loro-internal/examples/automerge_x100.rs  |   9 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs             |  34 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/change.rs            |  10 +
 crates/loro-internal/src/container.rs         |   1 +
 .../src/container/list/list_op.rs             |  47 +-
 .../loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs   | 222 ++++++++++
 .../src/container/richtext/query_by_len.rs    |  70 +++
 .../src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs  | 419 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs | 266 +++++++++++
 .../src/container/richtext/tinyvec.rs         |  88 ++++
 .../src/container/text/tracker.rs             |   1 +
 .../src/encoding/encode_changes.rs            |   6 +
 .../src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs           |   6 +
 crates/loro-internal/src/op/content.rs        |  11 +
 crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs             |  11 +
 crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs   |   6 +
 crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs             |  10 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs  |   1 +
 .../loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs |   1 +
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/text_state.rs  |   6 +
 crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs               |  12 +
 crates/rle/Cargo.toml                         |   2 +-
 26 files changed, 1239 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs
 create mode 100644 crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/query_by_len.rs
 create mode 100644 crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
 create mode 100644 crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs
 create mode 100644 crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tinyvec.rs
 create mode 100644 crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs

diff --git a/.vscode/settings.json b/.vscode/settings.json
index fb923ab24..fd0ff3cb1 100644
--- a/.vscode/settings.json
+++ b/.vscode/settings.json
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
     "RUSTFLAGS",
     "smstring",
     "thiserror",
+    "tinyvec",
     "txns",
     "yspan"
   ],
diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 0f5c76ef4..642c559ac 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -52,9 +52,9 @@ checksum = "3a30da5c5f2d5e72842e00bcb57657162cdabef0931f40e2deb9b4140440cecd"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "append-only-bytes"
-version = "0.1.8"
+version = "0.1.11"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "dd736657a12852ffb42ed309ac3409382d93f76f49ae0ad69fae4ca927e584d9"
+checksum = "3c8f869514578421dd710b68b9db3e39ac9df0d9218a44641bbdcf5c99617780"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "arbitrary"
diff --git a/crates/compact-bytes/Cargo.toml b/crates/compact-bytes/Cargo.toml
index 4c7de5f40..ae26a62c8 100644
--- a/crates/compact-bytes/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/compact-bytes/Cargo.toml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ edition = "2021"
 # See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
 
 [dependencies]
-append-only-bytes = "0.1.8"
+append-only-bytes = "0.1.11"
 fxhash = "0.2.1"
 linked-hash-map = "0.5.6"
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/Cargo.toml b/crates/loro-internal/Cargo.toml
index 396e066b8..c30258715 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/Cargo.toml
@@ -11,25 +11,25 @@ rle = { path = "../rle" }
 loro-preload = { path = "../loro-preload" }
 loro-common = { path = "../loro-common" }
 smallvec = { version = "1.8.0", features = ["serde"] }
-postcard = "1.0.2"
+postcard = "1"
 fxhash = "0.2.1"
 serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
-thiserror = "1.0.31"
+thiserror = "1"
 enum-as-inner = "0.5.1"
 num = "0.4.0"
 crdt-list = { version = "0.4.0" }
 rand = { version = "0.8.5", optional = true }
-arbitrary = { version = "1.1.7", optional = true }
+arbitrary = { version = "1", optional = true }
 tabled = { version = "0.10.0", optional = true }
 wasm-bindgen = { version = "0.2.83", optional = true }
 serde-wasm-bindgen = { version = "0.5.0", optional = true }
 js-sys = { version = "0.3.60", optional = true }
-serde_json = { version = "1.0.87", optional = true }
+serde_json = { version = "1", optional = true }
 arref = "0.1.0"
 debug-log = { version = "0.1.4", features = [] }
 serde_columnar = { version = "0.2.5" }
 tracing = { version = "0.1.37" }
-append-only-bytes = { version = "0.1.8", features = ["u32_range"] }
+append-only-bytes = { version = "0.1.11", features = ["u32_range"] }
 itertools = "0.10.5"
 enum_dispatch = "0.3.11"
 im = "15.1.0"
@@ -80,3 +80,7 @@ harness = false
 [[bench]]
 name = "encode"
 harness = false
+
+
+[patch.crates-io]
+generic-btree = { path = "../../../generic-btree" }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/examples/automerge_x100.rs b/crates/loro-internal/examples/automerge_x100.rs
index 428c0bd2c..da870faa1 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/examples/automerge_x100.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/examples/automerge_x100.rs
@@ -1,21 +1,24 @@
-use loro_internal::LoroDoc;
+use loro_common::ID;
+use loro_internal::{version::Frontiers, LoroDoc};
 
 fn main() {
     use bench_utils::TextAction;
     use std::time::Instant;
 
     let actions = bench_utils::get_automerge_actions();
-    let loro = LoroDoc::default();
+    let mut loro = LoroDoc::default();
     let start = Instant::now();
     // loro.subscribe_deep(Box::new(|_| ()));
     let text = loro.get_text("text");
     for _ in 0..1 {
+        let mut txn = loro.txn().unwrap();
         for TextAction { del, ins, pos } in actions.iter() {
-            let mut txn = loro.txn().unwrap();
             text.delete_utf16(&mut txn, *pos, *del).unwrap();
             text.insert_utf16(&mut txn, *pos, ins).unwrap();
         }
     }
+    loro.checkout(&Frontiers::from(ID::new(loro.peer_id(), 100)))
+        .unwrap();
     // loro.diagnose();
     println!("{}", start.elapsed().as_millis());
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs
index 2eeb41e80..b88c52ecb 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ use crate::{
         ContainerID,
     },
     id::Counter,
-    op::{Op, RawOp, RawOpContent},
+    op::{InnerContent, Op, RawOp, RawOpContent},
     LoroValue,
 };
 
@@ -131,7 +131,22 @@ impl<'a> OpConverter<'a> {
                 ListOp::Delete(span) => Op {
                     counter,
                     container,
-                    content: crate::op::InnerContent::List(InnerListOp::Delete(span)),
+                    content: InnerContent::List(InnerListOp::Delete(span)),
+                },
+                ListOp::Style {
+                    start,
+                    end,
+                    key,
+                    info,
+                } => Op {
+                    counter,
+                    container,
+                    content: InnerContent::List(InnerListOp::Style {
+                        start,
+                        end,
+                        key,
+                        info,
+                    }),
                 },
             },
         }
@@ -351,6 +366,21 @@ impl SharedArena {
                     container,
                     content: crate::op::InnerContent::List(InnerListOp::Delete(span)),
                 },
+                ListOp::Style {
+                    start,
+                    end,
+                    key,
+                    info,
+                } => Op {
+                    counter,
+                    container,
+                    content: InnerContent::List(InnerListOp::Style {
+                        start,
+                        end,
+                        key,
+                        info,
+                    }),
+                },
             },
         }
     }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/change.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/change.rs
index c822a309e..922335b17 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/change.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/change.rs
@@ -166,3 +166,13 @@ pub fn get_sys_timestamp() -> Timestamp {
 
     now() as Timestamp
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::*;
+    #[test]
+    fn size_of_change() {
+        let size = std::mem::size_of::<Change>();
+        println!("{}", size);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container.rs
index 7cc167106..b52bc75ad 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container.rs
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ pub mod idx {
 
 pub mod list;
 pub mod map;
+pub mod richtext;
 pub mod text;
 
 use idx::ContainerIdx;
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/list/list_op.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/list/list_op.rs
index 8c7bd1b1c..a9a64c850 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/list/list_op.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/list/list_op.rs
@@ -4,22 +4,46 @@ use enum_as_inner::EnumAsInner;
 use rle::{HasLength, Mergable, Sliceable};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
-use crate::container::text::text_content::{ListSlice, SliceRange};
-
-/// `pos` and `len` in [ListOp] are always measured in utf8 bytes for text op.
+use crate::{
+    container::{
+        richtext::TextStyleInfo,
+        text::text_content::{ListSlice, SliceRange},
+    },
+    InternalString,
+};
+
+/// `len` and `pos` is measured in unicode char for text.
 // Note: It will be encoded into binary format, so the order of its fields should not be changed.
 #[derive(EnumAsInner, Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub enum ListOp<'a> {
-    Insert { slice: ListSlice<'a>, pos: usize },
+    Insert {
+        slice: ListSlice<'a>,
+        pos: usize,
+    },
     Delete(DeleteSpan),
+    Style {
+        start: u32,
+        end: u32,
+        key: InternalString,
+        info: TextStyleInfo,
+    },
 }
 
 #[derive(EnumAsInner, Debug, Clone)]
 pub enum InnerListOp {
     // Note: len may not equal to slice.len() because for text len is unicode len while the slice
     // is utf8 bytes.
-    Insert { slice: SliceRange, pos: usize },
+    Insert {
+        slice: SliceRange,
+        pos: usize,
+    },
     Delete(DeleteSpan),
+    Style {
+        start: u32,
+        end: u32,
+        key: InternalString,
+        info: TextStyleInfo,
+    },
 }
 
 /// `len` can be negative so that we can merge text deletions efficiently.
@@ -222,6 +246,7 @@ impl<'a> Mergable for ListOp<'a> {
                 ListOp::Delete(other_span) => span.is_mergable(other_span, &()),
                 _ => false,
             },
+            ListOp::Style { .. } => false,
         }
     }
 
@@ -242,6 +267,12 @@ impl<'a> Mergable for ListOp<'a> {
                 ListOp::Delete(other_span) => span.merge(other_span, &()),
                 _ => unreachable!(),
             },
+            ListOp::Style {
+                start,
+                end,
+                key,
+                info,
+            } => unreachable!(),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -251,6 +282,7 @@ impl<'a> HasLength for ListOp<'a> {
         match self {
             ListOp::Insert { slice, .. } => slice.content_len(),
             ListOp::Delete(span) => span.atom_len(),
+            ListOp::Style { .. } => 1,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -263,6 +295,7 @@ impl<'a> Sliceable for ListOp<'a> {
                 pos: *pos + from,
             },
             ListOp::Delete(span) => ListOp::Delete(span.slice(from, to)),
+            a @ ListOp::Style { .. } => a.clone(),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -285,6 +318,7 @@ impl Mergable for InnerListOp {
                 InnerListOp::Delete(other_span) => span.is_mergable(other_span, &()),
                 _ => false,
             },
+            InnerListOp::Style { .. } => false,
         }
     }
 
@@ -305,6 +339,7 @@ impl Mergable for InnerListOp {
                 InnerListOp::Delete(other_span) => span.merge(other_span, &()),
                 _ => unreachable!(),
             },
+            InnerListOp::Style { .. } => unreachable!(),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -314,6 +349,7 @@ impl HasLength for InnerListOp {
         match self {
             InnerListOp::Insert { slice, .. } => slice.content_len(),
             InnerListOp::Delete(span) => span.atom_len(),
+            InnerListOp::Style { .. } => 1,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -326,6 +362,7 @@ impl Sliceable for InnerListOp {
                 pos: *pos + from,
             },
             InnerListOp::Delete(span) => InnerListOp::Delete(span.slice(from, to)),
+            InnerListOp::Style { .. } => self.clone(),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a2c3c2a97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+//! # Index
+//!
+//! There are several types of indexes:
+//!
+//! - Unicode index: the index of a unicode code point in the text.
+//! - Entity index: unicode index + style anchor index. Each unicode code point or style anchor is an entity.
+//! - Utf16 index
+//!
+//! In [crate::op::Op], we always use entity index to persist richtext ops.
+//!
+//! The users of this type can only operate on unicode index or utf16 index, but calculated entity index will be provided.
+
+mod query_by_len;
+mod richtext_state;
+mod style_range_map;
+mod tinyvec;
+
+use loro_common::{Counter, LoroValue, PeerID, ID};
+use std::{
+    borrow::Cow,
+    ops::{Range, RangeBounds},
+};
+
+use crate::{change::Lamport, InternalString, VersionVector};
+
+use super::list::list_op::ListOp;
+
+/// This is the data structure that represents a span of rich text.
+/// It's used to communicate with the frontend.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
+pub struct RichtextSpan<'a> {
+    pub text: Cow<'a, str>,
+    pub styles: Vec<Style>,
+}
+
+/// This is used to communicate with the frontend.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
+pub struct Style {
+    pub key: InternalString,
+    /// The value of the style.
+    ///
+    /// - If the style is a container, this is the Container
+    /// - Otherwise, this is null
+    pub data: LoroValue,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
+pub(crate) struct StyleInner {
+    pub(crate) lamport: Lamport,
+    pub(crate) peer: PeerID,
+    pub(crate) cnt: Counter,
+    pub(crate) key: InternalString,
+    pub(crate) info: TextStyleInfo,
+}
+
+impl PartialOrd for StyleInner {
+    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<std::cmp::Ordering> {
+        Some(self.cmp(other))
+    }
+}
+
+impl Ord for StyleInner {
+    fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> std::cmp::Ordering {
+        self.lamport
+            .cmp(&other.lamport)
+            .then(self.peer.cmp(&other.peer))
+    }
+}
+
+/// A compact representation of a rich text style config.
+///
+/// Note: we assume style with the same key has the same `Mergeable` and `isContainer` value.
+///
+/// - Mergeable      (1st bit): whether two styles with the same key can be merged into one.
+/// - Expand Before  (2nd bit): when inserting new text before this style, whether the new text should inherit this style.
+/// - Expand After   (3rd bit): when inserting new text after  this style, whether the new text should inherit this style.
+/// - isEnd          (4th bit): whether this is a begin style anchor or an end style anchor.
+///                             This is only used to describe styles anchors. When it's used to describe a style, this bit is always 0.
+/// - Delete         (5th bit): whether this is used to remove a style from a range.
+/// - isContainer    (6th bit): whether the style also store other data in a associated map container with the same OpID.
+/// - 0              (7th bit)
+/// - isAlive        (8th bit): always 1 unless the style is garbage collected. If this is 0, all other bits should be 0 as well.
+#[derive(
+    Default, Clone, Copy, Eq, PartialEq, Debug, Hash, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize,
+)]
+pub struct TextStyleInfo {
+    data: u8,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Eq, PartialEq, Debug, Hash)]
+pub enum ExpandType {
+    Before,
+    After,
+    Both,
+    None,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Debug, Hash)]
+pub enum AnchorType {
+    Start,
+    End,
+}
+
+impl ExpandType {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub const fn expand_before(&self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, ExpandType::Before | ExpandType::Both)
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub const fn expand_after(&self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, ExpandType::After | ExpandType::Both)
+    }
+}
+
+impl TextStyleInfo {
+    /// Whether two styles with the same key can be merged into one.
+    /// If false, the styles will coexist in the same range.
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn mergeable(&self) -> bool {
+        self.data & 0b0000_0001 != 0
+    }
+
+    /// When inserting new text around this style, prefer inserting after it.
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn expand_before(&self) -> bool {
+        self.data & 0b0000_0010 != 0
+    }
+
+    /// When inserting new text around this style, prefer inserting before it.
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn expand_after(&self) -> bool {
+        self.data & 0b0000_0100 != 0
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn anchor_type(&self) -> AnchorType {
+        if self.data & 0b0000_1000 != 0 {
+            AnchorType::End
+        } else {
+            AnchorType::Start
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn is_delete(&self) -> bool {
+        self.data & 0b0001_0000 != 0
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn is_container(&self) -> bool {
+        self.data & 0b0010_0000 != 0
+    }
+
+    pub const fn new(
+        mergeable: bool,
+        expand_type: ExpandType,
+        anchor_type: AnchorType,
+        is_delete: bool,
+        is_container: bool,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let mut data = 1;
+        if mergeable {
+            data |= 0b0000_0001;
+        }
+        if expand_type.expand_before() {
+            data |= 0b0000_0010;
+        }
+        if expand_type.expand_after() {
+            data |= 0b0000_0100;
+        }
+        if matches!(anchor_type, AnchorType::End) {
+            data |= 0b0000_1000;
+        }
+        if is_delete {
+            data |= 0b0001_0000;
+        }
+        if is_container {
+            data |= 0b0010_0000;
+        }
+
+        TextStyleInfo { data }
+    }
+
+    pub const fn is_dead(self) -> bool {
+        debug_assert!((self.data & 1 != 0) || self.data == 0);
+        (self.data & 1) == 0
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub const fn to_delete(self) -> Self {
+        let mut data = self.data;
+        // set is_delete
+        data |= 0b0001_0000;
+        // invert expand type
+        data ^= 0b0000_0110;
+        Self { data }
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub const fn to_end(self) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            // set is_end
+            data: self.data | 0b0000_1000,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub const BOLD: TextStyleInfo =
+        TextStyleInfo::new(true, ExpandType::After, AnchorType::Start, false, false);
+    pub const LINK: TextStyleInfo =
+        TextStyleInfo::new(true, ExpandType::None, AnchorType::Start, false, false);
+    pub const COMMENT: TextStyleInfo =
+        TextStyleInfo::new(true, ExpandType::None, AnchorType::Start, false, true);
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test() {}
+}
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/query_by_len.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/query_by_len.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..40326af84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/query_by_len.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
+
+use generic_btree::{BTreeTrait, FindResult, Query};
+
+/// An easy way to implement [Query] by using key index
+///
+/// This query implementation will prefer right element when both left element and right element are valid.
+pub struct IndexQuery<T: QueryByLen<B>, B: BTreeTrait> {
+    left: usize,
+    _data: PhantomData<(T, B)>,
+}
+
+pub trait QueryByLen<B: BTreeTrait> {
+    fn get_cache_len(cache: &B::Cache) -> usize;
+    fn get_elem_len(elem: &B::Elem) -> usize;
+}
+
+impl<T: QueryByLen<B>, B: BTreeTrait> Query<B> for IndexQuery<T, B> {
+    type QueryArg = usize;
+
+    fn init(target: &Self::QueryArg) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            left: *target,
+            _data: PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn find_node(
+        &mut self,
+        _: &Self::QueryArg,
+        child_caches: &[generic_btree::Child<B>],
+    ) -> generic_btree::FindResult {
+        let mut last_left = self.left;
+        for (i, cache) in child_caches.iter().enumerate() {
+            let len = T::get_cache_len(&cache.cache);
+            if self.left >= len {
+                last_left = self.left;
+                self.left -= len;
+            } else {
+                return FindResult::new_found(i, self.left);
+            }
+        }
+
+        self.left = last_left;
+        FindResult::new_missing(child_caches.len() - 1, last_left)
+    }
+
+    fn find_element(
+        &mut self,
+        _: &Self::QueryArg,
+        elements: &[<B as BTreeTrait>::Elem],
+    ) -> generic_btree::FindResult {
+        let mut last_left = self.left;
+        for (i, elem) in elements.iter().enumerate() {
+            let len = T::get_elem_len(elem);
+            if self.left >= len {
+                last_left = self.left;
+                self.left -= len;
+            } else {
+                return FindResult::new_found(i, self.left);
+            }
+        }
+
+        generic_btree::FindResult {
+            index: elements.len(),
+            offset: last_left,
+            found: false,
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e1ed17d2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,419 @@
+use append_only_bytes::{AppendOnlyBytes, BytesSlice};
+use generic_btree::{
+    rle::{insert_with_split, HasLength, Mergeable, Sliceable},
+    BTree, BTreeTrait, LengthFinder, Query, UseLengthFinder,
+};
+use loro_common::{Counter, LoroValue, PeerID, ID};
+use smallvec::SmallVec;
+use std::{
+    borrow::Cow,
+    ops::{Add, AddAssign, Range, RangeBounds, Sub},
+    str::Utf8Error,
+    sync::Arc,
+};
+
+use crate::{
+    change::Lamport, container::text::utf16::count_utf16_chars, InternalString, VersionVector,
+};
+
+use self::query::{EntityQueryT, UnicodeQuery};
+
+use super::{
+    query_by_len::{IndexQuery, QueryByLen},
+    tinyvec::TinyVec,
+    RichtextSpan, StyleInner, TextStyleInfo,
+};
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub(crate) struct RichtextState {
+    tree: BTree<RichtextTreeTrait>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+enum Elem {
+    Text { unicode_len: i32, text: BytesSlice },
+    Style(TinyVec<TextStyleInfo, 16>),
+}
+
+impl Elem {
+    pub fn try_from_bytes(s: BytesSlice) -> Result<Self, Utf8Error> {
+        Ok(Elem::Text {
+            unicode_len: std::str::from_utf8(&s)?.chars().count() as i32,
+            text: s,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+impl HasLength for Elem {
+    fn rle_len(&self) -> usize {
+        match self {
+            Elem::Text { unicode_len, text } => *unicode_len as usize,
+            Elem::Style(data) => data.len(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Mergeable for Elem {
+    fn can_merge(&self, rhs: &Self) -> bool {
+        match (self, rhs) {
+            (Elem::Text { text: l, .. }, Elem::Text { text: r, .. }) => l.can_merge(r),
+            (Elem::Style(l), Elem::Style(r)) => l.can_merge(r),
+            _ => false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn merge_right(&mut self, rhs: &Self) {
+        match (self, rhs) {
+            (
+                Elem::Text { unicode_len, text },
+                Elem::Text {
+                    unicode_len: rhs_len,
+                    text: rhs_text,
+                },
+            ) => {
+                *unicode_len += *rhs_len;
+                text.try_merge(rhs_text).unwrap();
+            }
+            (Elem::Style(a), Elem::Style(b)) => {
+                a.merge(&b);
+            }
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn merge_left(&mut self, left: &Self) {
+        match (self, left) {
+            (
+                Elem::Text { unicode_len, text },
+                Elem::Text {
+                    unicode_len: left_len,
+                    text: left_text,
+                },
+            ) => {
+                *unicode_len += *left_len;
+                // TODO: small PERF improvement
+                let mut new_text = left_text.clone();
+                new_text.try_merge(text);
+                *text = new_text;
+            }
+            (Elem::Style(a), Elem::Style(b)) => {
+                a.merge_left(&b);
+            }
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Sliceable for Elem {
+    fn slice(&self, range: impl RangeBounds<usize>) -> Self {
+        let start_index = match range.start_bound() {
+            std::ops::Bound::Included(s) => *s,
+            std::ops::Bound::Excluded(s) => *s + 1,
+            std::ops::Bound::Unbounded => 0,
+        };
+
+        let end_index = match range.end_bound() {
+            std::ops::Bound::Included(s) => *s + 1,
+            std::ops::Bound::Excluded(s) => *s,
+            std::ops::Bound::Unbounded => self.rle_len(),
+        };
+
+        let Elem::Text { unicode_len, text } = self else {
+            return self.slice(start_index..end_index);
+        };
+
+        let s = std::str::from_utf8(text).unwrap();
+        let from = unicode_to_byte_index(s, start_index).unwrap();
+        let len = unicode_to_byte_index(&s[from..], end_index - start_index).unwrap();
+        let to = from + len;
+        return Elem::Text {
+            unicode_len: (end_index - start_index) as i32,
+            text: text.slice_clone(from..to),
+        };
+    }
+}
+
+fn unicode_to_byte_index(s: &str, unicode_index: usize) -> Option<usize> {
+    let mut current_unicode_index = 0;
+    for (byte_index, _) in s.char_indices() {
+        if current_unicode_index == unicode_index {
+            return Some(byte_index);
+        }
+        current_unicode_index += 1;
+    }
+    None
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
+struct Cache {
+    unicode_len: i32,
+    utf16_len: i32,
+    entity_len: i32,
+}
+
+impl AddAssign for Cache {
+    fn add_assign(&mut self, rhs: Self) {
+        self.unicode_len += rhs.unicode_len;
+        self.utf16_len += rhs.utf16_len;
+        self.entity_len += rhs.entity_len;
+    }
+}
+
+impl Add for Cache {
+    type Output = Self;
+
+    fn add(self, rhs: Self) -> Self::Output {
+        Self {
+            unicode_len: self.unicode_len + rhs.unicode_len,
+            utf16_len: self.utf16_len + rhs.utf16_len,
+            entity_len: self.entity_len + rhs.entity_len,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Sub for Cache {
+    type Output = Self;
+
+    fn sub(self, rhs: Self) -> Self::Output {
+        Self {
+            unicode_len: self.unicode_len - rhs.unicode_len,
+            utf16_len: self.utf16_len - rhs.utf16_len,
+            entity_len: self.entity_len - rhs.entity_len,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+struct RichtextTreeTrait;
+
+impl BTreeTrait for RichtextTreeTrait {
+    type Elem = Elem;
+
+    type Cache = Cache;
+
+    type CacheDiff = Cache;
+
+    const MAX_LEN: usize = 16;
+
+    fn calc_cache_internal(
+        cache: &mut Self::Cache,
+        caches: &[generic_btree::Child<Self>],
+        diff: Option<Self::CacheDiff>,
+    ) -> Option<Self::CacheDiff> {
+        match diff {
+            Some(diff) => {
+                *cache += diff;
+                Some(diff)
+            }
+            None => {
+                let mut new_cache = Cache::default();
+                for child in caches {
+                    new_cache += child.cache;
+                }
+
+                let diff = new_cache - *cache;
+                *cache = new_cache;
+                Some(diff)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn calc_cache_leaf(
+        cache: &mut Self::Cache,
+        elements: &[Self::Elem],
+        diff: Option<Self::CacheDiff>,
+    ) -> Self::CacheDiff {
+        match diff {
+            Some(diff) => {
+                *cache += diff;
+                diff
+            }
+            None => {
+                let mut new_cache = Cache::default();
+                for elem in elements {
+                    match elem {
+                        Elem::Text { unicode_len, .. } => {
+                            new_cache.unicode_len += unicode_len;
+                            new_cache.utf16_len += unicode_len;
+                            new_cache.entity_len += 1;
+                        }
+                        Elem::Style(size) => new_cache.entity_len += size.len() as i32,
+                    }
+                }
+
+                let diff = new_cache - *cache;
+                *cache = new_cache;
+                diff
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn merge_cache_diff(diff1: &mut Self::CacheDiff, diff2: &Self::CacheDiff) {
+        *diff1 += *diff2;
+    }
+
+    fn insert(
+        elements: &mut generic_btree::HeapVec<Self::Elem>,
+        index: usize,
+        offset: usize,
+        elem: Self::Elem,
+    ) {
+        insert_with_split(elements, index, offset, elem)
+    }
+}
+
+// This query implementation will prefer right element when both left element and right element are valid.
+mod query {
+    use super::*;
+
+    pub(super) struct UnicodeQueryT;
+    pub(super) type UnicodeQuery = IndexQuery<UnicodeQueryT, RichtextTreeTrait>;
+
+    impl QueryByLen<RichtextTreeTrait> for UnicodeQueryT {
+        fn get_cache_len(cache: &<RichtextTreeTrait as BTreeTrait>::Cache) -> usize {
+            cache.unicode_len as usize
+        }
+
+        fn get_elem_len(elem: &<RichtextTreeTrait as BTreeTrait>::Elem) -> usize {
+            match elem {
+                Elem::Text { unicode_len, text } => *unicode_len as usize,
+                Elem::Style(_) => 0,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(super) struct Utf16QueryT;
+    pub(super) type Utf16Query = IndexQuery<Utf16QueryT, RichtextTreeTrait>;
+
+    impl QueryByLen<RichtextTreeTrait> for Utf16QueryT {
+        fn get_cache_len(cache: &<RichtextTreeTrait as BTreeTrait>::Cache) -> usize {
+            cache.utf16_len as usize
+        }
+
+        fn get_elem_len(elem: &<RichtextTreeTrait as BTreeTrait>::Elem) -> usize {
+            match elem {
+                Elem::Text {
+                    unicode_len: _,
+                    text,
+                } => count_utf16_chars(text),
+                Elem::Style(_) => 0,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(super) struct EntityQueryT;
+    pub(super) type EntityQuery = IndexQuery<EntityQueryT, RichtextTreeTrait>;
+
+    impl QueryByLen<RichtextTreeTrait> for EntityQueryT {
+        fn get_cache_len(cache: &<RichtextTreeTrait as BTreeTrait>::Cache) -> usize {
+            cache.entity_len as usize
+        }
+
+        fn get_elem_len(elem: &<RichtextTreeTrait as BTreeTrait>::Elem) -> usize {
+            match elem {
+                Elem::Text {
+                    unicode_len,
+                    text: _,
+                } => *unicode_len as usize,
+                Elem::Style(data) => data.len(),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl RichtextState {
+    /// Insert text at a unicode index. Return the entity index.
+    pub(crate) fn insert(&mut self, pos: usize, text: BytesSlice) -> usize {
+        let right = self.tree.query::<UnicodeQuery>(&pos);
+        let entity_index = self.get_entity_index_from_path(right);
+
+        // TODO: find the best insert position
+        let insert_pos = right;
+        self.tree
+            .insert_by_query_result(insert_pos, Elem::try_from_bytes(text).unwrap());
+
+        entity_index
+    }
+
+    fn get_entity_index_from_path(&mut self, right: generic_btree::QueryResult) -> usize {
+        let mut entity_index = 0;
+        self.tree.visit_previous_caches(right, |cache| match cache {
+            generic_btree::PreviousCache::NodeCache(cache) => {
+                entity_index += EntityQueryT::get_cache_len(cache);
+            }
+            generic_btree::PreviousCache::PrevSiblingElem(elem) => {
+                entity_index += EntityQueryT::get_elem_len(elem);
+            }
+            generic_btree::PreviousCache::ThisElemAndOffset { elem: _, offset } => {
+                entity_index += offset;
+            }
+        });
+        entity_index
+    }
+
+    /// Delete a range of text.
+    ///
+    /// Delete a range of text. (The style anchors included in the range are not deleted.)
+    pub(crate) fn delete(&mut self, pos: usize, len: usize) {
+        let mut style_anchors: Vec<Elem> = Vec::new();
+        let mut removed_entity_ranges: Vec<Range<usize>> = Vec::new();
+        let q = self.tree.query::<UnicodeQuery>(&pos);
+        let mut entity_index = self.get_entity_index_from_path(q);
+
+        for span in self.tree.drain::<UnicodeQuery>(pos..pos + len) {
+            match span {
+                Elem::Style(style) => {
+                    entity_index += style.len();
+                    if let Some(last) = style_anchors.last_mut() {
+                        let Elem::Style(last) = last else {
+                            unreachable!()
+                        };
+                        if last.can_merge(&style) {
+                            last.merge(&style);
+                        } else {
+                            style_anchors.push(Elem::Style(style));
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        style_anchors.push(Elem::Style(style));
+                    }
+                }
+                Elem::Text {
+                    unicode_len,
+                    text: _,
+                } => {
+                    if let Some(last) = removed_entity_ranges.last_mut() {
+                        if last.end == entity_index {
+                            last.end += unicode_len as usize;
+                        } else {
+                            removed_entity_ranges
+                                .push(entity_index..(entity_index + unicode_len as usize));
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        removed_entity_ranges
+                            .push(entity_index..(entity_index + unicode_len as usize));
+                    }
+
+                    entity_index += unicode_len as usize;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        let q = self.tree.query::<UnicodeQuery>(&pos);
+        self.tree.insert_many_by_query_result(&q, style_anchors);
+        todo!("delete ranges in style range map");
+    }
+
+    /// Mark a range of text with a style.
+    ///
+    /// Return the entity index ranges.
+    pub(crate) fn mark(&mut self, range: Range<usize>, style: Arc<StyleInner>) -> Range<usize> {
+        todo!()
+    }
+
+    pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = RichtextSpan<'_>> {
+        None.into_iter()
+    }
+
+    pub fn to_vec(&self) -> Vec<RichtextSpan<'_>> {
+        self.iter().collect()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6a418d2b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,266 @@
+//! This map a Range<usize> to a set of style
+//!
+
+use std::{ops::Range, sync::Arc, usize};
+
+use fxhash::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
+use generic_btree::{
+    rle::{
+        delete_range_in_elements, scan_and_merge, update_slice, HasLength, Mergeable, Sliceable,
+    },
+    BTree, BTreeTrait, LengthFinder, UseLengthFinder,
+};
+
+use crate::InternalString;
+
+use super::StyleInner;
+
+/// This struct keep the mapping of ranges to numbers
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub(super) struct RangeNumMap(BTree<RangeNumMapTrait>);
+struct RangeNumMapTrait;
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct Elem {
+    styles: FxHashMap<InternalString, StyleValue>,
+    len: usize,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub(super) enum StyleValue {
+    One(Arc<StyleInner>),
+    Set(FxHashSet<Arc<StyleInner>>),
+}
+
+impl RangeNumMap {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        let mut tree = BTree::new();
+        tree.insert_by_query_result(
+            tree.first_full_path(),
+            Elem {
+                styles: Default::default(),
+                len: usize::MAX / 2,
+            },
+        );
+
+        Self(tree)
+    }
+
+    pub fn annotate(&mut self, range: Range<usize>, style: Arc<StyleInner>) {
+        let range = self.0.range::<LengthFinder>(range);
+        self.0.update(&range.start..&range.end, &mut |mut slice| {
+            let ans = update_slice::<Elem, _>(&mut slice, &mut |x| {
+                if style.info.mergeable() {
+                    // only leave one value with the greatest lamport if the style is mergeable
+                    if let Some(StyleValue::One(old)) = x.styles.get_mut(&style.key) {
+                        if &**old < &*style {
+                            *old = style.clone();
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        x.styles
+                            .insert(style.key.clone(), StyleValue::One(style.clone()));
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    // styles can coexist
+                    let StyleValue::Set(set) = x
+                        .styles
+                        .entry(style.key.clone())
+                        .or_insert_with(|| StyleValue::Set(FxHashSet::default()))
+                    else {
+                        unreachable!()
+                    };
+                    set.insert(style.clone());
+                }
+
+                false
+            });
+
+            scan_and_merge(slice.elements, slice.start.map(|x| x.0).unwrap_or(0));
+            (ans, None)
+        });
+    }
+
+    pub fn insert(&mut self, pos: usize, len: usize) {
+        todo!()
+    }
+
+    pub fn get(&mut self, index: usize) -> Option<&FxHashMap<InternalString, StyleValue>> {
+        let result = self.0.query::<LengthFinder>(&index);
+        self.0.get_elem(&result).map(|x| &x.styles)
+    }
+
+    pub fn iter(
+        &mut self,
+    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = (Range<usize>, &FxHashMap<InternalString, StyleValue>)> + '_ {
+        let mut index = 0;
+        self.0.iter().filter_map(move |elem| {
+            let len = elem.len;
+            let value = &elem.styles;
+            let range = index..index + len;
+            index += len;
+            if elem.styles.is_empty() {
+                return None;
+            }
+
+            Some((range, value))
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn drain(
+        &mut self,
+        range: Range<usize>,
+    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = (Range<usize>, FxHashMap<InternalString, StyleValue>)> + '_ {
+        let mut index = range.start;
+        self.0.drain::<LengthFinder>(range).filter_map(move |elem| {
+            let len = elem.len;
+            let value = elem.styles;
+            let range = index..index + len;
+            index += len;
+            if value.is_empty() {
+                return None;
+            }
+
+            Some((range, value))
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
+        *self.0.root_cache()
+    }
+}
+
+impl UseLengthFinder<RangeNumMapTrait> for RangeNumMapTrait {
+    fn get_len(cache: &usize) -> usize {
+        *cache
+    }
+
+    fn find_element_by_offset(elements: &[Elem], offset: usize) -> generic_btree::FindResult {
+        let mut left = offset;
+        for (i, elem) in elements.iter().enumerate() {
+            if left >= elem.len {
+                left -= elem.len;
+            } else {
+                return generic_btree::FindResult::new_found(i, left);
+            }
+        }
+
+        generic_btree::FindResult::new_missing(elements.len(), left)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn finder_drain_range(
+        elements: &mut generic_btree::HeapVec<<RangeNumMapTrait as BTreeTrait>::Elem>,
+        start: Option<generic_btree::QueryResult>,
+        end: Option<generic_btree::QueryResult>,
+    ) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Elem> + '_> {
+        Box::new(delete_range_in_elements(elements, start, end).into_iter())
+    }
+
+    fn finder_delete_range(
+        elements: &mut generic_btree::HeapVec<<RangeNumMapTrait as BTreeTrait>::Elem>,
+        start: Option<generic_btree::QueryResult>,
+        end: Option<generic_btree::QueryResult>,
+    ) {
+        delete_range_in_elements(elements, start, end);
+    }
+}
+
+impl HasLength for Elem {
+    fn rle_len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.len
+    }
+}
+
+impl Mergeable for Elem {
+    fn can_merge(&self, rhs: &Self) -> bool {
+        self.styles == rhs.styles || rhs.len == 0
+    }
+
+    fn merge_right(&mut self, rhs: &Self) {
+        self.len += rhs.len
+    }
+
+    fn merge_left(&mut self, left: &Self) {
+        self.len += left.len;
+    }
+}
+
+impl Sliceable for Elem {
+    fn slice(&self, range: impl std::ops::RangeBounds<usize>) -> Self {
+        let len = match range.end_bound() {
+            std::ops::Bound::Included(x) => x + 1,
+            std::ops::Bound::Excluded(x) => *x,
+            std::ops::Bound::Unbounded => self.len,
+        } - match range.start_bound() {
+            std::ops::Bound::Included(x) => *x,
+            std::ops::Bound::Excluded(x) => x + 1,
+            std::ops::Bound::Unbounded => 0,
+        };
+        Elem {
+            styles: self.styles.clone(),
+            len,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn slice_(&mut self, range: impl std::ops::RangeBounds<usize>)
+    where
+        Self: Sized,
+    {
+        let len = match range.end_bound() {
+            std::ops::Bound::Included(x) => x + 1,
+            std::ops::Bound::Excluded(x) => *x,
+            std::ops::Bound::Unbounded => self.len,
+        } - match range.start_bound() {
+            std::ops::Bound::Included(x) => *x,
+            std::ops::Bound::Excluded(x) => x + 1,
+            std::ops::Bound::Unbounded => 0,
+        };
+
+        self.len = len;
+    }
+}
+
+impl BTreeTrait for RangeNumMapTrait {
+    /// value
+    type Elem = Elem;
+    /// len
+    type Cache = usize;
+
+    const MAX_LEN: usize = 8;
+
+    fn calc_cache_internal(
+        cache: &mut Self::Cache,
+        caches: &[generic_btree::Child<Self>],
+        diff: Option<isize>,
+    ) -> Option<isize> {
+        match diff {
+            Some(diff) => {
+                *cache = (*cache as isize + diff) as usize;
+                Some(diff)
+            }
+            None => {
+                let new_cache = caches.iter().map(|c| c.cache).sum();
+                let diff = new_cache as isize - *cache as isize;
+                *cache = new_cache;
+                Some(diff)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn calc_cache_leaf(
+        cache: &mut Self::Cache,
+        elements: &[Self::Elem],
+        _: Option<Self::CacheDiff>,
+    ) -> isize {
+        let new_cache = elements.iter().map(|c| c.len).sum();
+        let diff = new_cache as isize - *cache as isize;
+        *cache = new_cache;
+        diff
+    }
+
+    type CacheDiff = isize;
+
+    fn merge_cache_diff(diff1: &mut Self::CacheDiff, diff2: &Self::CacheDiff) {
+        *diff1 += diff2;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tinyvec.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tinyvec.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a37587a2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tinyvec.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub(crate) struct TinyVec<T, const N: usize> {
+    len: u8,
+    data: [T; N],
+}
+
+impl<T: Default + Copy, const N: usize> TinyVec<T, N> {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        if N > u8::MAX as usize {
+            panic!("TinyVec size too large");
+        }
+
+        Self {
+            len: 0,
+            data: [Default::default(); N],
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn push(&mut self, value: T) {
+        if self.len == N as u8 {
+            panic!("TinyVec is full");
+        }
+
+        self.data[self.len as usize] = value;
+        self.len += 1;
+    }
+
+    pub fn get(&self, index: usize) -> &T {
+        &self.data[index]
+    }
+
+    pub fn pop(&mut self) -> Option<T> {
+        if self.len == 0 {
+            None
+        } else {
+            self.len -= 1;
+            Some(self.data[self.len as usize].clone())
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.len as usize
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+        self.len == 0
+    }
+
+    pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &T> {
+        self.data.iter().take(self.len as usize)
+    }
+
+    pub fn can_merge(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        self.len + other.len <= self.data.len() as u8
+    }
+
+    pub fn merge(&mut self, other: &Self) {
+        if !self.can_merge(other) {
+            panic!("TinyVec cannot merge");
+        }
+
+        for value in other.iter() {
+            self.push(*value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn merge_left(&mut self, left: &Self) {
+        if !self.can_merge(left) {
+            panic!("TinyVec cannot merge");
+        }
+
+        for i in left.len()..N.min(self.len() + left.len()) {
+            self.data[i] = self.data[i - left.len()];
+        }
+
+        self.data.copy_from_slice(&left.data[..left.len as usize]);
+    }
+
+    pub fn slice(&self, start: usize, end: usize) -> Self {
+        let mut result = Self::new();
+
+        for i in start..end {
+            result.push(self.data[i]);
+        }
+
+        result
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/text/tracker.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/text/tracker.rs
index 4aa05b7e4..fc629d58b 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/text/tracker.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/text/tracker.rs
@@ -410,6 +410,7 @@ impl Tracker {
                 self.id_to_cursor
                     .set_small_range((id).into(), cursor_map::Marker::Delete(Box::new(spans)));
             }
+            InnerListOp::Style { .. } => unreachable!(),
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs
index 3bc0cdbd9..535bff6ff 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs
@@ -189,6 +189,12 @@ pub(super) fn encode_oplog_changes(oplog: &OpLog, vv: &VersionVector) -> Vec<u8>
                         ListOp::Delete(span) => {
                             (span.pos as usize, 0, LoroValue::I32(span.len as i32))
                         }
+                        ListOp::Style {
+                            start,
+                            end,
+                            key,
+                            info,
+                        } => todo!("impl style encode"),
                     },
                 };
                 op_len += 1;
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs
index 1b894038d..1d3fefaeb 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs
@@ -227,6 +227,12 @@ pub fn encode_oplog_v2(oplog: &OpLog, vv: &VersionVector) -> Vec<u8> {
                             (pos, gc, false, len)
                         }
                         ListOp::Delete(span) => (span.pos as usize, span.len, true, 0),
+                        ListOp::Style {
+                            start,
+                            end,
+                            key,
+                            info,
+                        } => unimplemented!("style encode"),
                     },
                 };
                 op_len += 1;
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/op/content.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/op/content.rs
index 0eb4b3f09..0915c29ad 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/op/content.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/op/content.rs
@@ -52,6 +52,17 @@ impl<'a> RawOpContent<'a> {
                     pos: *pos,
                 }),
                 ListOp::Delete(x) => RawOpContent::List(ListOp::Delete(*x)),
+                ListOp::Style {
+                    start,
+                    end,
+                    key,
+                    info,
+                } => RawOpContent::List(ListOp::Style {
+                    start: *start,
+                    end: *end,
+                    key: key.clone(),
+                    info: *info,
+                }),
             },
         }
     }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
index a3a5a5b20..48f3ffd2f 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
@@ -380,6 +380,17 @@ impl OpLog {
                 list_op::InnerListOp::Delete(del) => {
                     contents.push(RawOpContent::List(list_op::ListOp::Delete(*del)))
                 }
+                list_op::InnerListOp::Style {
+                    start,
+                    end,
+                    key,
+                    info,
+                } => contents.push(RawOpContent::List(list_op::ListOp::Style {
+                    start: *start,
+                    end: *end,
+                    key: key.clone(),
+                    info: *info,
+                })),
             },
             crate::op::InnerContent::Map(map) => {
                 let value = self.arena.get_value(map.value as usize);
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
index 1f37c98ac..82de091a8 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
@@ -697,6 +697,12 @@ fn encode_oplog(oplog: &OpLog, state_ref: Option<PreEncodedState>) -> FinalPhase
                             op.container.to_index(),
                         ));
                     }
+                    InnerListOp::Style {
+                        start,
+                        end,
+                        key,
+                        info,
+                    } => unimplemented!("style encode"),
                 },
                 InnerContent::Map(map) => {
                     let key = record_key(&map.key);
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
index e6470d796..0797b0e9e 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ use crate::{
 
 mod list_state;
 mod map_state;
+mod richtext_state;
 mod text_state;
 
 pub(crate) use list_state::ListState;
@@ -224,7 +225,9 @@ impl DocState {
         }
 
         self.pre_txn(diff.origin.clone(), diff.local);
-        let Cow::Owned(inner) = &mut diff.diff else {unreachable!()};
+        let Cow::Owned(inner) = &mut diff.diff else {
+            unreachable!()
+        };
         for diff in inner.iter_mut() {
             let state = self
                 .states
@@ -566,7 +569,10 @@ impl DocState {
                     } else {
                         // if we cannot find the path to the container, the container must be overwritten afterwards.
                         // So we can ignore the diff from it.
-                        debug_log::debug_log!("ignore because cannot find path {:#?}", &container_diff);
+                        debug_log::debug_log!(
+                            "ignore because cannot find path {:#?}",
+                            &container_diff
+                        );
                     }
                     continue;
                 };
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs
index 9f634fddc..2a87e5b78 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs
@@ -353,6 +353,7 @@ impl ContainerState for ListState {
                 crate::container::list::list_op::ListOp::Delete(del) => {
                     self.delete_range(del.pos as usize..del.pos as usize + del.len as usize);
                 }
+                crate::container::list::list_op::ListOp::Style { .. } => unreachable!(),
             },
         }
     }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8b1378917
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/text_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/text_state.rs
index 6ef87e441..af01e929c 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/text_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/text_state.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ pub struct TextState {
     pub(crate) rope: JumpRope,
     in_txn: bool,
     deleted_bytes: Vec<u8>,
+    // TODO: should be merged when possible
     undo_stack: Vec<UndoItem>,
 }
 
@@ -89,6 +90,7 @@ impl ContainerState for TextState {
                 crate::container::list::list_op::ListOp::Delete(del) => {
                     self.delete_unicode(del.pos as usize..del.pos as usize + del.len as usize);
                 }
+                crate::container::list::list_op::ListOp::Style { .. } => unreachable!(),
             },
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }
@@ -125,11 +127,15 @@ impl ContainerState for TextState {
         }
 
         self.deleted_bytes.clear();
+        self.deleted_bytes.shrink_to_fit();
+        self.undo_stack.shrink_to_fit();
     }
 
     fn commit_txn(&mut self) {
         self.deleted_bytes.clear();
         self.undo_stack.clear();
+        self.deleted_bytes.shrink_to_fit();
+        self.undo_stack.shrink_to_fit();
         self.in_txn = false;
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
index b78afaa97..197946c34 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
@@ -321,6 +321,12 @@ fn change_to_diff(
                             InnerListOp::Delete(..) => {
                                 Diff::SeqRawUtf16(Delta::new().retain(*pos).delete(*len))
                             }
+                            InnerListOp::Style {
+                                start,
+                                end,
+                                key,
+                                info,
+                            } => unimplemented!(),
                         },
                     }
                 }
@@ -340,6 +346,12 @@ fn change_to_diff(
                                 .retain(del.pos as usize)
                                 .delete(del.len as usize),
                         ),
+                        InnerListOp::Style {
+                            start,
+                            end,
+                            key,
+                            info,
+                        } => unimplemented!(),
                     },
                     crate::op::InnerContent::Map(map) => {
                         let value = arena.get_value(map.value as usize).unwrap();
diff --git a/crates/rle/Cargo.toml b/crates/rle/Cargo.toml
index 15cfd356a..bc8aac892 100644
--- a/crates/rle/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/rle/Cargo.toml
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ crdt-list = { version = "0.4.0" }
 fxhash = "0.2.1"
 heapless = "0.7.16"
 debug-log = "0.1.4"
-append-only-bytes = { version = "0.1.4", features = ["u32_range"] }
+append-only-bytes = { version = "0.1.11", features = ["u32_range"] }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 color-backtrace = { version = "0.5" }

From 4c0c8a45012efe5a2e14f399a6c0a39080874a04 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zixuan Chen <remch183@outlook.com>
Date: Thu, 7 Sep 2023 22:21:33 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 002/111] feat: add insert to style range map wip

---
 .../src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs | 20 +++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs
index 6a418d2b2..b09cc301f 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ impl RangeNumMap {
                 if style.info.mergeable() {
                     // only leave one value with the greatest lamport if the style is mergeable
                     if let Some(StyleValue::One(old)) = x.styles.get_mut(&style.key) {
-                        if &**old < &*style {
+                        if **old < *style {
                             *old = style.clone();
                         }
                     } else {
@@ -81,7 +81,18 @@ impl RangeNumMap {
     }
 
     pub fn insert(&mut self, pos: usize, len: usize) {
-        todo!()
+        let range = self.0.range::<LengthFinder>(pos..pos + 1);
+        let mut done = false;
+        self.0.update(&range.start..&range.end, &mut |slice| {
+            if done {
+                return (false, None);
+            }
+
+            let index = slice.start.map(|x| x.0).unwrap_or(0);
+            slice.elements[index].len += len;
+            done = true;
+            (true, Some(len as isize))
+        })
     }
 
     pub fn get(&mut self, index: usize) -> Option<&FxHashMap<InternalString, StyleValue>> {
@@ -221,10 +232,9 @@ impl Sliceable for Elem {
 }
 
 impl BTreeTrait for RangeNumMapTrait {
-    /// value
     type Elem = Elem;
-    /// len
     type Cache = usize;
+    type CacheDiff = isize;
 
     const MAX_LEN: usize = 8;
 
@@ -258,8 +268,6 @@ impl BTreeTrait for RangeNumMapTrait {
         diff
     }
 
-    type CacheDiff = isize;
-
     fn merge_cache_diff(diff1: &mut Self::CacheDiff, diff2: &Self::CacheDiff) {
         *diff1 += diff2;
     }

From b1b142bcadfa5eb644b0f9c4268f78bdbf1134b7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zixuan Chen <remch183@outlook.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Sep 2023 00:34:12 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 003/111] feat: richtext state

---
 Cargo.lock                                    |   4 +-
 crates/loro-internal/Cargo.toml               |   6 +-
 .../loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs   |  68 +++++-
 .../src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs  | 199 ++++++++++++++++--
 .../src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs | 133 ++++++++++--
 5 files changed, 358 insertions(+), 52 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 642c559ac..8982bf2f3 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -717,9 +717,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "generic-btree"
-version = "0.4.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a8f334f35041258df9e9fbd321e6559ff57db4e1bf04bc31ecf05ccb7e615993"
+version = "0.5.0"
 dependencies = [
  "fxhash",
  "smallvec",
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/Cargo.toml b/crates/loro-internal/Cargo.toml
index c30258715..3299d13d6 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/Cargo.toml
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ itertools = "0.10.5"
 enum_dispatch = "0.3.11"
 im = "15.1.0"
 jumprope = { version = "1.1.2", features = ["wchar_conversion"] }
-generic-btree = "0.4.1"
+generic-btree = { path = "../../../generic-btree" }
 miniz_oxide = "0.7.1"
 getrandom = "0.2.10"
 zerovec = { version = "0.9.4", features = ["serde", "derive"] }
@@ -80,7 +80,3 @@ harness = false
 [[bench]]
 name = "encode"
 harness = false
-
-
-[patch.crates-io]
-generic-btree = { path = "../../../generic-btree" }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs
index a2c3c2a97..4d8c28152 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs
@@ -53,6 +53,37 @@ pub(crate) struct StyleInner {
     pub(crate) info: TextStyleInfo,
 }
 
+impl StyleInner {
+    pub fn to_style(&self) -> Style {
+        if self.info.is_container() {
+            Style {
+                key: self.key.clone(),
+                data: LoroValue::Container(loro_common::ContainerID::Normal {
+                    peer: self.peer,
+                    counter: self.cnt,
+                    container_type: loro_common::ContainerType::Map,
+                }),
+            }
+        } else {
+            Style {
+                key: self.key.clone(),
+                data: LoroValue::Null,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    pub fn new_for_test(n: isize, info: TextStyleInfo) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            lamport: n as Lamport,
+            peer: n as PeerID,
+            cnt: n as Counter,
+            key: n.to_string().into(),
+            info,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl PartialOrd for StyleInner {
     fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<std::cmp::Ordering> {
         Some(self.cmp(other))
@@ -87,6 +118,13 @@ pub struct TextStyleInfo {
     data: u8,
 }
 
+const MERGEABLE_MASK: u8 = 0b0000_0001;
+const EXPAND_BEFORE_MASK: u8 = 0b0000_0010;
+const EXPAND_AFTER_MASK: u8 = 0b0000_0100;
+const IS_END_MASK: u8 = 0b0000_1000;
+const DELETE_MASK: u8 = 0b0001_0000;
+const CONTAINER_MASK: u8 = 0b0010_0000;
+
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Eq, PartialEq, Debug, Hash)]
 pub enum ExpandType {
     Before,
@@ -161,22 +199,22 @@ impl TextStyleInfo {
     ) -> Self {
         let mut data = 1;
         if mergeable {
-            data |= 0b0000_0001;
+            data |= MERGEABLE_MASK;
         }
         if expand_type.expand_before() {
-            data |= 0b0000_0010;
+            data |= EXPAND_BEFORE_MASK;
         }
         if expand_type.expand_after() {
-            data |= 0b0000_0100;
+            data |= EXPAND_AFTER_MASK;
         }
         if matches!(anchor_type, AnchorType::End) {
-            data |= 0b0000_1000;
+            data |= IS_END_MASK;
         }
         if is_delete {
-            data |= 0b0001_0000;
+            data |= DELETE_MASK;
         }
         if is_container {
-            data |= 0b0010_0000;
+            data |= CONTAINER_MASK;
         }
 
         TextStyleInfo { data }
@@ -190,10 +228,14 @@ impl TextStyleInfo {
     #[inline(always)]
     pub const fn to_delete(self) -> Self {
         let mut data = self.data;
+        if data & DELETE_MASK > 0 {
+            return Self { data };
+        }
+
         // set is_delete
-        data |= 0b0001_0000;
+        data |= DELETE_MASK;
         // invert expand type
-        data ^= 0b0000_0110;
+        data ^= EXPAND_AFTER_MASK | EXPAND_BEFORE_MASK;
         Self { data }
     }
 
@@ -201,7 +243,15 @@ impl TextStyleInfo {
     pub const fn to_end(self) -> Self {
         Self {
             // set is_end
-            data: self.data | 0b0000_1000,
+            data: self.data | IS_END_MASK,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub const fn to_start(self) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            // set is_end
+            data: self.data & (!IS_END_MASK),
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
index e1ed17d2b..1f634ced6 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 use append_only_bytes::{AppendOnlyBytes, BytesSlice};
+use fxhash::FxHashMap;
 use generic_btree::{
     rle::{insert_with_split, HasLength, Mergeable, Sliceable},
     BTree, BTreeTrait, LengthFinder, Query, UseLengthFinder,
@@ -13,20 +14,24 @@ use std::{
 };
 
 use crate::{
-    change::Lamport, container::text::utf16::count_utf16_chars, InternalString, VersionVector,
+    change::Lamport,
+    container::{richtext::style_range_map::StyleValue, text::utf16::count_utf16_chars},
+    InternalString, VersionVector,
 };
 
 use self::query::{EntityQueryT, UnicodeQuery};
 
 use super::{
     query_by_len::{IndexQuery, QueryByLen},
+    style_range_map::StyleRangeMap,
     tinyvec::TinyVec,
-    RichtextSpan, StyleInner, TextStyleInfo,
+    RichtextSpan, Style, StyleInner, TextStyleInfo,
 };
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)]
 pub(crate) struct RichtextState {
     tree: BTree<RichtextTreeTrait>,
+    style_ranges: StyleRangeMap,
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
@@ -42,6 +47,12 @@ impl Elem {
             text: s,
         })
     }
+
+    pub fn from_style(style: TextStyleInfo) -> Self {
+        let mut v = TinyVec::new();
+        v.push(style);
+        Self::Style(v)
+    }
 }
 
 impl HasLength for Elem {
@@ -93,7 +104,7 @@ impl Mergeable for Elem {
                 *unicode_len += *left_len;
                 // TODO: small PERF improvement
                 let mut new_text = left_text.clone();
-                new_text.try_merge(text);
+                new_text.try_merge(text).unwrap();
                 *text = new_text;
             }
             (Elem::Style(a), Elem::Style(b)) => {
@@ -141,6 +152,11 @@ fn unicode_to_byte_index(s: &str, unicode_index: usize) -> Option<usize> {
         }
         current_unicode_index += 1;
     }
+
+    if current_unicode_index == unicode_index {
+        return Some(s.len());
+    }
+
     None
 }
 
@@ -323,17 +339,26 @@ mod query {
 impl RichtextState {
     /// Insert text at a unicode index. Return the entity index.
     pub(crate) fn insert(&mut self, pos: usize, text: BytesSlice) -> usize {
-        let right = self.tree.query::<UnicodeQuery>(&pos);
+        let right = self.find_best_insert_pos_from_unicode_index(pos);
         let entity_index = self.get_entity_index_from_path(right);
 
         // TODO: find the best insert position
         let insert_pos = right;
-        self.tree
-            .insert_by_query_result(insert_pos, Elem::try_from_bytes(text).unwrap());
+        let elem = Elem::try_from_bytes(text).unwrap();
+        self.style_ranges.insert(entity_index, elem.rle_len());
+        self.tree.insert_by_query_result(insert_pos, elem);
 
         entity_index
     }
 
+    fn find_best_insert_pos_from_unicode_index(
+        &mut self,
+        pos: usize,
+    ) -> generic_btree::QueryResult {
+        self.tree.query::<UnicodeQuery>(&pos)
+        // TODO: impl peritext find pos
+    }
+
     fn get_entity_index_from_path(&mut self, right: generic_btree::QueryResult) -> usize {
         let mut entity_index = 0;
         self.tree.visit_previous_caches(right, |cache| match cache {
@@ -353,11 +378,12 @@ impl RichtextState {
     /// Delete a range of text.
     ///
     /// Delete a range of text. (The style anchors included in the range are not deleted.)
-    pub(crate) fn delete(&mut self, pos: usize, len: usize) {
+    pub(crate) fn delete(&mut self, pos: usize, len: usize) -> Vec<Range<usize>> {
         let mut style_anchors: Vec<Elem> = Vec::new();
         let mut removed_entity_ranges: Vec<Range<usize>> = Vec::new();
         let q = self.tree.query::<UnicodeQuery>(&pos);
         let mut entity_index = self.get_entity_index_from_path(q);
+        let mut deleted = 0;
 
         for span in self.tree.drain::<UnicodeQuery>(pos..pos + len) {
             match span {
@@ -380,6 +406,10 @@ impl RichtextState {
                     unicode_len,
                     text: _,
                 } => {
+                    self.style_ranges.delete(
+                        entity_index - deleted..entity_index - deleted + unicode_len as usize,
+                    );
+                    deleted += unicode_len as usize;
                     if let Some(last) = removed_entity_ranges.last_mut() {
                         if last.end == entity_index {
                             last.end += unicode_len as usize;
@@ -399,21 +429,166 @@ impl RichtextState {
 
         let q = self.tree.query::<UnicodeQuery>(&pos);
         self.tree.insert_many_by_query_result(&q, style_anchors);
-        todo!("delete ranges in style range map");
+
+        removed_entity_ranges
     }
 
     /// Mark a range of text with a style.
     ///
-    /// Return the entity index ranges.
+    /// Return the corresponding entity index ranges.
     pub(crate) fn mark(&mut self, range: Range<usize>, style: Arc<StyleInner>) -> Range<usize> {
-        todo!()
+        let end_pos = self.find_best_insert_pos_from_unicode_index(range.end);
+        let end_entity_index = self.get_entity_index_from_path(end_pos);
+        self.tree
+            .insert_by_query_result(end_pos, Elem::from_style(style.info.to_end()));
+
+        let start_pos = self.find_best_insert_pos_from_unicode_index(range.start);
+        let start_entity_index = self.get_entity_index_from_path(start_pos);
+        self.tree
+            .insert_by_query_result(start_pos, Elem::from_style(style.info.to_start()));
+
+        self.style_ranges.insert(end_entity_index, 1);
+        self.style_ranges.insert(start_entity_index, 1);
+        self.style_ranges
+            .annotate(start_entity_index..end_entity_index + 1, style);
+
+        start_entity_index..end_entity_index
     }
 
     pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = RichtextSpan<'_>> {
-        None.into_iter()
+        let mut entity_index = 0;
+        let mut style_range_iter = self.style_ranges.iter();
+        let mut cur_range = style_range_iter.next();
+
+        fn to_styles(
+            (_, style_map): &(Range<usize>, &FxHashMap<InternalString, StyleValue>),
+        ) -> Vec<Style> {
+            let mut styles = Vec::with_capacity(style_map.len());
+            for style in style_map.iter().flat_map(|(_, values)| values.to_styles()) {
+                styles.push(style);
+            }
+            styles
+        }
+
+        let mut cur_styles = cur_range.as_ref().map(to_styles);
+
+        self.tree.iter().filter_map(move |x| match x {
+            Elem::Text { unicode_len, text } => {
+                let mut styles = Vec::new();
+                while let Some((inner_cur_range, _)) = cur_range.as_ref() {
+                    if entity_index < inner_cur_range.start {
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    if entity_index < inner_cur_range.end {
+                        styles = cur_styles.as_ref().unwrap().clone();
+                        break;
+                    } else {
+                        cur_range = style_range_iter.next();
+                        cur_styles = cur_range.as_ref().map(to_styles);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                entity_index += *unicode_len as usize;
+                Some(RichtextSpan {
+                    // SAFETY: We know for sure text is valid utf8
+                    text: Cow::Borrowed(unsafe { std::str::from_utf8_unchecked(text.as_bytes()) }),
+                    styles,
+                })
+            }
+            Elem::Style(s) => {
+                entity_index += s.len();
+                None
+            }
+        })
     }
 
     pub fn to_vec(&self) -> Vec<RichtextSpan<'_>> {
         self.iter().collect()
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
+    struct SimpleWrapper {
+        state: RichtextState,
+        bytes: AppendOnlyBytes,
+    }
+
+    impl SimpleWrapper {
+        fn insert(&mut self, pos: usize, text: &str) {
+            let start = self.bytes.len();
+            self.bytes.push_str(text);
+            self.state.insert(pos, self.bytes.slice(start..));
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test() {
+        let mut wrapper = SimpleWrapper::default();
+        wrapper.insert(0, "Hello World!");
+        wrapper.state.mark(
+            0..5,
+            Arc::new(StyleInner::new_for_test(0, TextStyleInfo::BOLD)),
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            wrapper.state.to_vec(),
+            vec![
+                RichtextSpan {
+                    text: Cow::Borrowed("Hello"),
+                    styles: vec![Style {
+                        key: "0".into(),
+                        data: LoroValue::Null
+                    }]
+                },
+                RichtextSpan {
+                    text: Cow::Borrowed(" World!"),
+                    styles: vec![]
+                }
+            ]
+        );
+        wrapper.state.mark(
+            2..7,
+            Arc::new(StyleInner::new_for_test(1, TextStyleInfo::LINK)),
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            wrapper.state.to_vec(),
+            vec![
+                RichtextSpan {
+                    text: Cow::Borrowed("He"),
+                    styles: vec![Style {
+                        key: "0".into(),
+                        data: LoroValue::Null
+                    }]
+                },
+                RichtextSpan {
+                    text: Cow::Borrowed("llo"),
+                    styles: vec![
+                        Style {
+                            key: "0".into(),
+                            data: LoroValue::Null,
+                        },
+                        Style {
+                            key: "1".into(),
+                            data: LoroValue::Null,
+                        }
+                    ]
+                },
+                RichtextSpan {
+                    text: Cow::Borrowed(" W"),
+                    styles: vec![Style {
+                        key: "1".into(),
+                        data: LoroValue::Null,
+                    }]
+                },
+                RichtextSpan {
+                    text: Cow::Borrowed("orld!"),
+                    styles: vec![]
+                }
+            ]
+        );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs
index b09cc301f..c173c5b9e 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs
@@ -10,17 +10,22 @@ use generic_btree::{
     },
     BTree, BTreeTrait, LengthFinder, UseLengthFinder,
 };
+use loro_common::{ContainerID, LoroValue};
 
 use crate::InternalString;
 
-use super::StyleInner;
+use super::{Style, StyleInner};
 
 /// This struct keep the mapping of ranges to numbers
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub(super) struct RangeNumMap(BTree<RangeNumMapTrait>);
+///
+/// It's initialized with usize::MAX/2 length.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub(super) struct StyleRangeMap(BTree<RangeNumMapTrait>);
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 struct RangeNumMapTrait;
 
-#[derive(Debug)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 struct Elem {
     styles: FxHashMap<InternalString, StyleValue>,
     len: usize,
@@ -32,14 +37,31 @@ pub(super) enum StyleValue {
     Set(FxHashSet<Arc<StyleInner>>),
 }
 
-impl RangeNumMap {
+impl Default for StyleRangeMap {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::new()
+    }
+}
+
+impl StyleValue {
+    pub fn to_styles(&self) -> Vec<Style> {
+        match self {
+            StyleValue::One(x) => {
+                vec![x.to_style()]
+            }
+            StyleValue::Set(set) => set.iter().map(|x| x.to_style()).collect(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl StyleRangeMap {
     pub fn new() -> Self {
         let mut tree = BTree::new();
         tree.insert_by_query_result(
             tree.first_full_path(),
             Elem {
                 styles: Default::default(),
-                len: usize::MAX / 2,
+                len: usize::MAX / 4,
             },
         );
 
@@ -101,7 +123,7 @@ impl RangeNumMap {
     }
 
     pub fn iter(
-        &mut self,
+        &self,
     ) -> impl Iterator<Item = (Range<usize>, &FxHashMap<InternalString, StyleValue>)> + '_ {
         let mut index = 0;
         self.0.iter().filter_map(move |elem| {
@@ -117,22 +139,8 @@ impl RangeNumMap {
         })
     }
 
-    pub fn drain(
-        &mut self,
-        range: Range<usize>,
-    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = (Range<usize>, FxHashMap<InternalString, StyleValue>)> + '_ {
-        let mut index = range.start;
-        self.0.drain::<LengthFinder>(range).filter_map(move |elem| {
-            let len = elem.len;
-            let value = elem.styles;
-            let range = index..index + len;
-            index += len;
-            if value.is_empty() {
-                return None;
-            }
-
-            Some((range, value))
-        })
+    pub fn delete(&mut self, range: Range<usize>) {
+        self.0.drain::<LengthFinder>(range);
     }
 
     pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
@@ -272,3 +280,82 @@ impl BTreeTrait for RangeNumMapTrait {
         *diff1 += diff2;
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use loro_common::PeerID;
+
+    use crate::{change::Lamport, container::richtext::TextStyleInfo};
+
+    use super::*;
+
+    fn new_style(n: i32) -> Arc<StyleInner> {
+        Arc::new(StyleInner {
+            lamport: n as Lamport,
+            peer: n as PeerID,
+            cnt: n,
+            key: n.to_string().into(),
+            info: TextStyleInfo::default(),
+        })
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_basic_insert() {
+        let mut map = StyleRangeMap::default();
+        map.annotate(1..10, new_style(1));
+        {
+            map.insert(0, 1);
+            assert_eq!(map.iter().count(), 1);
+            for (range, map) in map.iter() {
+                assert_eq!(range, 2..11);
+                assert_eq!(map.len(), 1);
+            }
+        }
+        {
+            map.insert(11, 1);
+            assert_eq!(map.iter().count(), 1);
+            for (range, map) in map.iter() {
+                assert_eq!(range, 2..11);
+                assert_eq!(map.len(), 1);
+            }
+        }
+        {
+            map.insert(10, 1);
+            assert_eq!(map.iter().count(), 1);
+            for (range, map) in map.iter() {
+                assert_eq!(range, 2..12);
+                assert_eq!(map.len(), 1);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn delete_style() {
+        let mut map = StyleRangeMap::default();
+        map.annotate(1..10, new_style(1));
+        {
+            map.delete(0..2);
+            assert_eq!(map.iter().count(), 1);
+            for (range, map) in map.iter() {
+                assert_eq!(range, 0..8);
+                assert_eq!(map.len(), 1);
+            }
+        }
+        {
+            map.delete(2..4);
+            for (range, map) in map.iter() {
+                assert_eq!(range, 0..6);
+                assert_eq!(map.len(), 1);
+            }
+            assert_eq!(map.iter().count(), 1);
+        }
+        {
+            map.delete(6..8);
+            assert_eq!(map.iter().count(), 1);
+            for (range, map) in map.iter() {
+                assert_eq!(range, 0..6);
+                assert_eq!(map.len(), 1);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

From 195389fb50e5ed10fe5fac42cd4337f71f46bbeb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zixuan Chen <remch183@outlook.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Sep 2023 19:28:09 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 004/111] fix: fix style state inserting and style map

---
 .vscode/settings.json                         |   1 +
 .../loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs   |  86 +++--
 .../src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs  | 332 ++++++++++++++++--
 .../src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs | 119 ++++---
 .../src/container/richtext/tinyvec.rs         |  25 +-
 5 files changed, 468 insertions(+), 95 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.vscode/settings.json b/.vscode/settings.json
index fd0ff3cb1..d3544225e 100644
--- a/.vscode/settings.json
+++ b/.vscode/settings.json
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
     "thiserror",
     "tinyvec",
     "txns",
+    "unbold",
     "yspan"
   ],
   "rust-analyzer.runnableEnv": {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs
index 4d8c28152..59a2a8ada 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs
@@ -15,15 +15,10 @@ mod richtext_state;
 mod style_range_map;
 mod tinyvec;
 
-use loro_common::{Counter, LoroValue, PeerID, ID};
-use std::{
-    borrow::Cow,
-    ops::{Range, RangeBounds},
-};
+use loro_common::{Counter, LoroValue, PeerID};
+use std::{borrow::Cow, fmt::Debug};
 
-use crate::{change::Lamport, InternalString, VersionVector};
-
-use super::list::list_op::ListOp;
+use crate::{change::Lamport, InternalString};
 
 /// This is the data structure that represents a span of rich text.
 /// It's used to communicate with the frontend.
@@ -54,31 +49,35 @@ pub(crate) struct StyleInner {
 }
 
 impl StyleInner {
-    pub fn to_style(&self) -> Style {
+    pub fn to_style(&self) -> Option<Style> {
+        if self.info.is_delete() {
+            return None;
+        }
+
         if self.info.is_container() {
-            Style {
+            Some(Style {
                 key: self.key.clone(),
                 data: LoroValue::Container(loro_common::ContainerID::Normal {
                     peer: self.peer,
                     counter: self.cnt,
                     container_type: loro_common::ContainerType::Map,
                 }),
-            }
+            })
         } else {
-            Style {
+            Some(Style {
                 key: self.key.clone(),
                 data: LoroValue::Null,
-            }
+            })
         }
     }
 
     #[cfg(test)]
-    pub fn new_for_test(n: isize, info: TextStyleInfo) -> Self {
+    pub fn new_for_test(n: isize, key: &str, info: TextStyleInfo) -> Self {
         Self {
             lamport: n as Lamport,
             peer: n as PeerID,
             cnt: n as Counter,
-            key: n.to_string().into(),
+            key: key.to_string().into(),
             info,
         }
     }
@@ -111,13 +110,26 @@ impl Ord for StyleInner {
 /// - isContainer    (6th bit): whether the style also store other data in a associated map container with the same OpID.
 /// - 0              (7th bit)
 /// - isAlive        (8th bit): always 1 unless the style is garbage collected. If this is 0, all other bits should be 0 as well.
-#[derive(
-    Default, Clone, Copy, Eq, PartialEq, Debug, Hash, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize,
-)]
+#[derive(Default, Clone, Copy, Eq, PartialEq, Hash, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct TextStyleInfo {
     data: u8,
 }
 
+impl Debug for TextStyleInfo {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("TextStyleInfo")
+            // write data in binary format
+            .field("data", &format!("{:#010b}", self.data))
+            .field("mergeable", &self.mergeable())
+            .field("expand_before", &self.expand_before())
+            .field("expand_after", &self.expand_after())
+            .field("is_end", &self.is_end())
+            .field("is_delete", &self.is_delete())
+            .field("is_container", &self.is_container())
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
 const MERGEABLE_MASK: u8 = 0b0000_0001;
 const EXPAND_BEFORE_MASK: u8 = 0b0000_0010;
 const EXPAND_AFTER_MASK: u8 = 0b0000_0100;
@@ -155,31 +167,53 @@ impl TextStyleInfo {
     /// Whether two styles with the same key can be merged into one.
     /// If false, the styles will coexist in the same range.
     #[inline(always)]
-    pub fn mergeable(&self) -> bool {
-        self.data & 0b0000_0001 != 0
+    pub fn mergeable(self) -> bool {
+        self.data & MERGEABLE_MASK != 0
     }
 
     /// When inserting new text around this style, prefer inserting after it.
     #[inline(always)]
-    pub fn expand_before(&self) -> bool {
-        self.data & 0b0000_0010 != 0
+    pub fn expand_before(self) -> bool {
+        self.data & EXPAND_BEFORE_MASK != 0
     }
 
     /// When inserting new text around this style, prefer inserting before it.
     #[inline(always)]
-    pub fn expand_after(&self) -> bool {
-        self.data & 0b0000_0100 != 0
+    pub fn expand_after(self) -> bool {
+        self.data & EXPAND_AFTER_MASK != 0
     }
 
     #[inline(always)]
-    pub fn anchor_type(&self) -> AnchorType {
-        if self.data & 0b0000_1000 != 0 {
+    pub fn anchor_type(self) -> AnchorType {
+        if self.data & IS_END_MASK != 0 {
             AnchorType::End
         } else {
             AnchorType::Start
         }
     }
 
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn is_end(self) -> bool {
+        self.data & IS_END_MASK != 0
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn is_start(self) -> bool {
+        self.data & IS_END_MASK == 0
+    }
+
+    /// This method tells that when we can insert text before/after this style anchor, whether we insert the new text before the anchor.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn prefer_insert_before(self) -> bool {
+        if self.is_end() {
+            // If we need to expand the style, the new text should be inserted **before** the end anchor
+            self.expand_after()
+        } else {
+            // If we need to expand the style, the new text should be inserted **after** the start anchor
+            !self.expand_before()
+        }
+    }
+
     #[inline(always)]
     pub fn is_delete(&self) -> bool {
         self.data & 0b0001_0000 != 0
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
index 1f634ced6..69f0b3837 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
-use append_only_bytes::{AppendOnlyBytes, BytesSlice};
+use append_only_bytes::BytesSlice;
 use fxhash::FxHashMap;
 use generic_btree::{
     rle::{insert_with_split, HasLength, Mergeable, Sliceable},
-    BTree, BTreeTrait, LengthFinder, Query, UseLengthFinder,
+    BTree, BTreeTrait,
 };
-use loro_common::{Counter, LoroValue, PeerID, ID};
-use smallvec::SmallVec;
 use std::{
     borrow::Cow,
     ops::{Add, AddAssign, Range, RangeBounds, Sub},
@@ -14,9 +12,8 @@ use std::{
 };
 
 use crate::{
-    change::Lamport,
     container::{richtext::style_range_map::StyleValue, text::utf16::count_utf16_chars},
-    InternalString, VersionVector,
+    InternalString,
 };
 
 use self::query::{EntityQueryT, UnicodeQuery};
@@ -25,7 +22,7 @@ use super::{
     query_by_len::{IndexQuery, QueryByLen},
     style_range_map::StyleRangeMap,
     tinyvec::TinyVec,
-    RichtextSpan, Style, StyleInner, TextStyleInfo,
+    AnchorType, RichtextSpan, Style, StyleInner, TextStyleInfo,
 };
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)]
@@ -341,22 +338,88 @@ impl RichtextState {
     pub(crate) fn insert(&mut self, pos: usize, text: BytesSlice) -> usize {
         let right = self.find_best_insert_pos_from_unicode_index(pos);
         let entity_index = self.get_entity_index_from_path(right);
-
-        // TODO: find the best insert position
         let insert_pos = right;
         let elem = Elem::try_from_bytes(text).unwrap();
         self.style_ranges.insert(entity_index, elem.rle_len());
         self.tree.insert_by_query_result(insert_pos, elem);
-
         entity_index
     }
 
+    /// Find the best insert position based on algorithm similar to Peritext.
+    /// Returns the right neighbor of the insert pos.
+    ///
+    /// 1. Insertions occur before tombstones that contain the beginning of new marks.
+    /// 2. Insertions occur before tombstones that contain the end of bold-like marks
+    /// 3. Insertions occur after tombstones that contain the end of link-like marks
+    ///
+    /// Rule 1 should be satisfied before rules 2 and 3 to avoid this problem.
+    ///
+    /// The current method will scan forward to find the last position that satisfies 1 and 2.
+    /// Then it scans backward to find the first position that satisfies 3.
     fn find_best_insert_pos_from_unicode_index(
         &mut self,
         pos: usize,
     ) -> generic_btree::QueryResult {
-        self.tree.query::<UnicodeQuery>(&pos)
-        // TODO: impl peritext find pos
+        // There are a range of elements may share the same unicode index
+        // because style anchors don't have zero lengths in unicode index.
+
+        // Find the start of the range
+        let mut iter = if pos == 0 {
+            self.tree.first_full_path()
+        } else {
+            let q = self.tree.query::<UnicodeQuery>(&(pos - 1));
+            match self.tree.shift_path_by_one_offset(q) {
+                Some(x) => x,
+                // If next is None, we know the range is empty, return directly
+                None => return self.tree.last_full_path(),
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Find the end of the range
+        let right = self.tree.query::<UnicodeQuery>(&pos);
+        if iter == right {
+            // no style anchor between unicode index (pos-1) and (pos)
+            return iter;
+        }
+
+        // need to scan from left to right
+        let mut visited = Vec::new();
+        while iter != right {
+            let Some(elem) = self.tree.get_elem(&iter) else {
+                break;
+            };
+            let style = match elem {
+                Elem::Text { .. } => unreachable!(),
+                Elem::Style(style) => style[iter.offset],
+            };
+
+            visited.push((style, iter));
+            if style.anchor_type() == AnchorType::Start {
+                // case 1. should be before this anchor
+                break;
+            }
+
+            if style.prefer_insert_before() {
+                // case 2.
+                break;
+            }
+
+            iter = match self.tree.shift_path_by_one_offset(iter) {
+                Some(x) => x,
+                None => self.tree.last_full_path(),
+            };
+        }
+
+        while let Some((style, top_elem)) = visited.pop() {
+            if !style.prefer_insert_before() {
+                // case 3.
+                break;
+            }
+
+            iter = top_elem;
+        }
+
+        iter
     }
 
     fn get_entity_index_from_path(&mut self, right: generic_btree::QueryResult) -> usize {
@@ -384,6 +447,7 @@ impl RichtextState {
         let q = self.tree.query::<UnicodeQuery>(&pos);
         let mut entity_index = self.get_entity_index_from_path(q);
         let mut deleted = 0;
+        // TODO: Delete style anchors whose inner text content is empty
 
         for span in self.tree.drain::<UnicodeQuery>(pos..pos + len) {
             match span {
@@ -449,8 +513,11 @@ impl RichtextState {
 
         self.style_ranges.insert(end_entity_index, 1);
         self.style_ranges.insert(start_entity_index, 1);
+        // end_entity_index + 2, because
+        // 1. We inserted a start anchor before end_entity_index, so we need to +1
+        // 2. We need to include the end anchor in the range, so we need to +1
         self.style_ranges
-            .annotate(start_entity_index..end_entity_index + 1, style);
+            .annotate(start_entity_index..end_entity_index + 2, style);
 
         start_entity_index..end_entity_index
     }
@@ -506,10 +573,20 @@ impl RichtextState {
     pub fn to_vec(&self) -> Vec<RichtextSpan<'_>> {
         self.iter().collect()
     }
+
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    #[allow(unused)]
+    pub(crate) fn debug(&self) {
+        dbg!(&self.tree);
+        dbg!(&self.style_ranges);
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test {
+    use append_only_bytes::AppendOnlyBytes;
+    use loro_common::LoroValue;
+
     use super::*;
 
     #[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
@@ -526,21 +603,34 @@ mod test {
         }
     }
 
+    fn bold(n: isize) -> Arc<StyleInner> {
+        Arc::new(StyleInner::new_for_test(n, "bold", TextStyleInfo::BOLD))
+    }
+
+    fn unbold(n: isize) -> Arc<StyleInner> {
+        Arc::new(StyleInner::new_for_test(
+            n,
+            "bold",
+            TextStyleInfo::BOLD.to_delete(),
+        ))
+    }
+
+    fn link(n: isize) -> Arc<StyleInner> {
+        Arc::new(StyleInner::new_for_test(n, "link", TextStyleInfo::LINK))
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn test() {
         let mut wrapper = SimpleWrapper::default();
         wrapper.insert(0, "Hello World!");
-        wrapper.state.mark(
-            0..5,
-            Arc::new(StyleInner::new_for_test(0, TextStyleInfo::BOLD)),
-        );
+        wrapper.state.mark(0..5, bold(0));
         assert_eq!(
             wrapper.state.to_vec(),
             vec![
                 RichtextSpan {
                     text: Cow::Borrowed("Hello"),
                     styles: vec![Style {
-                        key: "0".into(),
+                        key: "bold".into(),
                         data: LoroValue::Null
                     }]
                 },
@@ -550,17 +640,14 @@ mod test {
                 }
             ]
         );
-        wrapper.state.mark(
-            2..7,
-            Arc::new(StyleInner::new_for_test(1, TextStyleInfo::LINK)),
-        );
+        wrapper.state.mark(2..7, link(1));
         assert_eq!(
             wrapper.state.to_vec(),
             vec![
                 RichtextSpan {
                     text: Cow::Borrowed("He"),
                     styles: vec![Style {
-                        key: "0".into(),
+                        key: "bold".into(),
                         data: LoroValue::Null
                     }]
                 },
@@ -568,11 +655,11 @@ mod test {
                     text: Cow::Borrowed("llo"),
                     styles: vec![
                         Style {
-                            key: "0".into(),
+                            key: "bold".into(),
                             data: LoroValue::Null,
                         },
                         Style {
-                            key: "1".into(),
+                            key: "link".into(),
                             data: LoroValue::Null,
                         }
                     ]
@@ -580,7 +667,7 @@ mod test {
                 RichtextSpan {
                     text: Cow::Borrowed(" W"),
                     styles: vec![Style {
-                        key: "1".into(),
+                        key: "link".into(),
                         data: LoroValue::Null,
                     }]
                 },
@@ -591,4 +678,197 @@ mod test {
             ]
         );
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn bold_should_expand() {
+        let mut wrapper = SimpleWrapper::default();
+        wrapper.insert(0, "Hello World!");
+        wrapper.state.mark(0..5, bold(0));
+        wrapper.insert(5, " Test");
+        assert_eq!(
+            wrapper.state.to_vec(),
+            vec![
+                RichtextSpan {
+                    text: Cow::Borrowed("Hello"),
+                    styles: vec![Style {
+                        key: "bold".into(),
+                        data: LoroValue::Null
+                    }]
+                },
+                RichtextSpan {
+                    text: Cow::Borrowed(" Test"),
+                    styles: vec![Style {
+                        key: "bold".into(),
+                        data: LoroValue::Null
+                    }]
+                },
+                RichtextSpan {
+                    text: Cow::Borrowed(" World!"),
+                    styles: vec![]
+                }
+            ]
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn link_should_not_expand() {
+        let mut wrapper = SimpleWrapper::default();
+        wrapper.insert(0, "Hello World!");
+        wrapper.state.mark(0..5, link(0));
+        wrapper.insert(5, " Test");
+        assert_eq!(
+            wrapper.state.to_vec(),
+            vec![
+                RichtextSpan {
+                    text: Cow::Borrowed("Hello"),
+                    styles: vec![Style {
+                        key: "link".into(),
+                        data: LoroValue::Null
+                    }]
+                },
+                RichtextSpan {
+                    text: Cow::Borrowed(" Test"),
+                    styles: vec![]
+                },
+                RichtextSpan {
+                    text: Cow::Borrowed(" World!"),
+                    styles: vec![]
+                }
+            ]
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn continuous_text_insert_should_be_merged() {
+        let mut wrapper = SimpleWrapper::default();
+        wrapper.insert(0, "Hello");
+        wrapper.insert(5, " World!");
+        assert_eq!(
+            wrapper.state.to_vec(),
+            vec![RichtextSpan {
+                text: Cow::Borrowed("Hello World!"),
+                styles: vec![]
+            },]
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn continuous_text_insert_should_be_merged_and_have_bold() {
+        let mut wrapper = SimpleWrapper::default();
+        wrapper.insert(0, "Hello");
+        wrapper.state.mark(0..5, bold(0));
+        wrapper.insert(5, " World!");
+        assert_eq!(
+            wrapper.state.to_vec(),
+            vec![RichtextSpan {
+                text: Cow::Borrowed("Hello World!"),
+                styles: vec![Style {
+                    key: "bold".into(),
+                    data: LoroValue::Null
+                }]
+            },]
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn continuous_text_insert_should_not_be_merged_when_prev_is_link() {
+        let mut wrapper = SimpleWrapper::default();
+        wrapper.insert(0, "Hello");
+        wrapper.state.mark(0..5, link(0));
+        wrapper.insert(5, " World!");
+        assert_eq!(
+            wrapper.state.to_vec(),
+            vec![
+                RichtextSpan {
+                    text: Cow::Borrowed("Hello"),
+                    styles: vec![Style {
+                        key: "link".into(),
+                        data: LoroValue::Null
+                    },]
+                },
+                RichtextSpan {
+                    text: Cow::Borrowed(" World!"),
+                    styles: vec![]
+                },
+            ]
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn delete_bold() {
+        let mut wrapper = SimpleWrapper::default();
+        wrapper.insert(0, "Hello World!");
+        wrapper.state.mark(0..12, bold(0));
+        wrapper.state.mark(5..12, unbold(1));
+        assert_eq!(
+            wrapper.state.to_vec(),
+            vec![
+                RichtextSpan {
+                    text: Cow::Borrowed("Hello"),
+                    styles: vec![Style {
+                        key: "bold".into(),
+                        data: LoroValue::Null
+                    }]
+                },
+                RichtextSpan {
+                    text: Cow::Borrowed(" World!"),
+                    styles: vec![]
+                }
+            ]
+        );
+        wrapper.insert(5, "A");
+        assert_eq!(
+            wrapper.state.to_vec(),
+            vec![
+                RichtextSpan {
+                    text: Cow::Borrowed("Hello"),
+                    styles: vec![Style {
+                        key: "bold".into(),
+                        data: LoroValue::Null
+                    }]
+                },
+                RichtextSpan {
+                    text: Cow::Borrowed("A"),
+                    styles: vec![Style {
+                        key: "bold".into(),
+                        data: LoroValue::Null
+                    }]
+                },
+                RichtextSpan {
+                    text: Cow::Borrowed(" World!"),
+                    styles: vec![]
+                }
+            ]
+        );
+
+        wrapper.insert(0, "A");
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            wrapper.state.to_vec(),
+            vec![
+                RichtextSpan {
+                    text: Cow::Borrowed("A"),
+                    styles: vec![]
+                },
+                RichtextSpan {
+                    text: Cow::Borrowed("Hello"),
+                    styles: vec![Style {
+                        key: "bold".into(),
+                        data: LoroValue::Null
+                    }]
+                },
+                RichtextSpan {
+                    text: Cow::Borrowed("A"),
+                    styles: vec![Style {
+                        key: "bold".into(),
+                        data: LoroValue::Null
+                    }]
+                },
+                RichtextSpan {
+                    text: Cow::Borrowed(" World!"),
+                    styles: vec![]
+                }
+            ]
+        );
+    }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs
index c173c5b9e..319dc4d57 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 //! This map a Range<usize> to a set of style
 //!
 
-use std::{ops::Range, sync::Arc, usize};
+use std::{collections::BTreeSet, ops::Range, sync::Arc, usize};
 
 use fxhash::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
 use generic_btree::{
@@ -31,10 +31,10 @@ struct Elem {
     len: usize,
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub(super) enum StyleValue {
-    One(Arc<StyleInner>),
-    Set(FxHashSet<Arc<StyleInner>>),
+#[derive(Default, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub(super) struct StyleValue {
+    set: BTreeSet<Arc<StyleInner>>,
+    should_merge: bool,
 }
 
 impl Default for StyleRangeMap {
@@ -44,12 +44,18 @@ impl Default for StyleRangeMap {
 }
 
 impl StyleValue {
-    pub fn to_styles(&self) -> Vec<Style> {
-        match self {
-            StyleValue::One(x) => {
-                vec![x.to_style()]
-            }
-            StyleValue::Set(set) => set.iter().map(|x| x.to_style()).collect(),
+    pub fn new(mergeable: bool) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            set: Default::default(),
+            should_merge: mergeable,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn to_styles(&self) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Style> + '_> {
+        if self.should_merge {
+            Box::new(self.set.iter().rev().take(1).filter_map(|x| x.to_style()))
+        } else {
+            Box::new(self.set.iter().map(|x| x.to_style().unwrap()))
         }
     }
 }
@@ -72,28 +78,20 @@ impl StyleRangeMap {
         let range = self.0.range::<LengthFinder>(range);
         self.0.update(&range.start..&range.end, &mut |mut slice| {
             let ans = update_slice::<Elem, _>(&mut slice, &mut |x| {
-                if style.info.mergeable() {
-                    // only leave one value with the greatest lamport if the style is mergeable
-                    if let Some(StyleValue::One(old)) = x.styles.get_mut(&style.key) {
-                        if **old < *style {
-                            *old = style.clone();
-                        }
-                    } else {
-                        x.styles
-                            .insert(style.key.clone(), StyleValue::One(style.clone()));
-                    }
+                // only leave one value with the greatest lamport if the style is mergeable
+                if let Some(set) = x.styles.get_mut(&style.key) {
+                    set.set.insert(style.clone());
+                    // TODO: Doc this, and validate it earlier
+                    assert_eq!(
+                        set.should_merge,
+                        style.info.mergeable(),
+                        "Merge behavior should be the same for the same style key"
+                    );
                 } else {
-                    // styles can coexist
-                    let StyleValue::Set(set) = x
-                        .styles
-                        .entry(style.key.clone())
-                        .or_insert_with(|| StyleValue::Set(FxHashSet::default()))
-                    else {
-                        unreachable!()
-                    };
-                    set.insert(style.clone());
+                    let mut style_set = StyleValue::new(style.info.mergeable());
+                    style_set.set.insert(style.clone());
+                    x.styles.insert(style.key.clone(), style_set);
                 }
-
                 false
             });
 
@@ -102,19 +100,58 @@ impl StyleRangeMap {
         });
     }
 
+    /// Insert entities at `pos` with length of `len`
+    ///
+    /// # Internal
+    ///
+    /// When inserting new text, we need to calculate the StyleSet of the new text based on the StyleSet before and after the insertion position.
+    /// (It should be the intersection of the StyleSet before and after). The proof is as follows:
+    ///
+    /// Suppose when inserting text at position pos, the style set at positions pos - 1 and pos are called leftStyleSet and rightStyleSet respectively.
+    ///
+    /// - If there is a style x that exists in leftStyleSet but not in rightStyleSet, it means that the position pos - 1 is the end anchor of x.
+    ///   The newly inserted text is after the end anchor of x, so the StyleSet of the new text should not include this style.
+    /// - If there is a style x that exists in rightStyleSet but not in leftStyleSet, it means that the position pos is the start anchor of x.
+    ///   The newly inserted text is before the start anchor of x, so the StyleSet of the new text should not include this style.
+    /// - If both leftStyleSet and rightStyleSet contain style x, it means that the newly inserted text is within the style range, so the StyleSet should include x.
     pub fn insert(&mut self, pos: usize, len: usize) {
-        let range = self.0.range::<LengthFinder>(pos..pos + 1);
-        let mut done = false;
-        self.0.update(&range.start..&range.end, &mut |slice| {
-            if done {
-                return (false, None);
+        if pos == 0 {
+            self.0.prepend(Elem {
+                len,
+                styles: Default::default(),
+            });
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if pos == *self.0.root_cache() {
+            self.0.push(Elem {
+                len,
+                styles: Default::default(),
+            });
+            return;
+        }
+
+        let right = self.0.query::<LengthFinder>(&pos);
+        let left = self.0.query::<LengthFinder>(&(pos - 1));
+        if left.elem_index == right.elem_index && left.leaf == right.leaf {
+            // left and right are in the same element, we can increase the length of the element directly
+            self.0.get_elem_mut(&left).unwrap().len += len;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // insert by the intersection of left styles and right styles
+        let mut styles = self.0.get_elem(&left).unwrap().styles.clone();
+        let right_styles = &self.0.get_elem(&right).unwrap().styles;
+        styles.retain(|key, value| {
+            if let Some(right_value) = right_styles.get(key) {
+                value.set.retain(|x| right_value.set.contains(x));
+                return !value.set.is_empty();
             }
 
-            let index = slice.start.map(|x| x.0).unwrap_or(0);
-            slice.elements[index].len += len;
-            done = true;
-            (true, Some(len as isize))
-        })
+            false
+        });
+
+        self.0.insert_by_query_result(right, Elem { len, styles });
     }
 
     pub fn get(&mut self, index: usize) -> Option<&FxHashMap<InternalString, StyleValue>> {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tinyvec.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tinyvec.rs
index a37587a2f..9c24eb372 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tinyvec.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tinyvec.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,28 @@
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+use std::fmt::Debug;
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
 pub(crate) struct TinyVec<T, const N: usize> {
     len: u8,
     data: [T; N],
 }
 
+impl<T: Debug, const N: usize> Debug for TinyVec<T, N> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_list()
+            .entries(self.data[0..self.len as usize].iter())
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T, const N: usize> std::ops::Index<usize> for TinyVec<T, N> {
+    type Output = T;
+
+    fn index(&self, index: usize) -> &Self::Output {
+        assert!(index < self.len as usize);
+        &self.data[index]
+    }
+}
+
 impl<T: Default + Copy, const N: usize> TinyVec<T, N> {
     pub fn new() -> Self {
         if N > u8::MAX as usize {
@@ -73,7 +92,9 @@ impl<T: Default + Copy, const N: usize> TinyVec<T, N> {
             self.data[i] = self.data[i - left.len()];
         }
 
-        self.data.copy_from_slice(&left.data[..left.len as usize]);
+        for i in 0..left.len as usize {
+            self.data[i] = left.data[i];
+        }
     }
 
     pub fn slice(&self, start: usize, end: usize) -> Self {

From ce34b6133fa50ea379c0483db6475379f3b9c138 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zixuan Chen <remch183@outlook.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Sep 2023 20:01:25 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 005/111] fix: tiny vec merge err

---
 .../src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs  | 48 +++++++++++++++++--
 .../src/container/richtext/tinyvec.rs         |  6 +++
 2 files changed, 50 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
index 69f0b3837..d6a66acae 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ impl Mergeable for Elem {
                 text.try_merge(rhs_text).unwrap();
             }
             (Elem::Style(a), Elem::Style(b)) => {
-                a.merge(&b);
+                a.merge(b);
             }
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ impl Mergeable for Elem {
                 *text = new_text;
             }
             (Elem::Style(a), Elem::Style(b)) => {
-                a.merge_left(&b);
+                a.merge_left(b);
             }
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }
@@ -126,8 +126,14 @@ impl Sliceable for Elem {
             std::ops::Bound::Unbounded => self.rle_len(),
         };
 
-        let Elem::Text { unicode_len, text } = self else {
-            return self.slice(start_index..end_index);
+        let text = match self {
+            Elem::Text {
+                unicode_len: _,
+                text,
+            } => text,
+            Elem::Style(styles) => {
+                return Elem::Style(styles.slice(start_index, end_index));
+            }
         };
 
         let s = std::str::from_utf8(text).unwrap();
@@ -871,4 +877,38 @@ mod test {
             ]
         );
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn bold_and_link_at_the_same_place() {
+        let mut wrapper = SimpleWrapper::default();
+        wrapper.insert(0, "Hello");
+        wrapper.state.mark(0..5, bold(1));
+        wrapper.state.mark(0..5, link(0));
+        wrapper.insert(5, "A");
+        assert_eq!(
+            wrapper.state.to_vec(),
+            vec![
+                RichtextSpan {
+                    text: Cow::Borrowed("Hello"),
+                    styles: vec![
+                        Style {
+                            key: "bold".into(),
+                            data: LoroValue::Null
+                        },
+                        Style {
+                            key: "link".into(),
+                            data: LoroValue::Null
+                        }
+                    ]
+                },
+                RichtextSpan {
+                    text: Cow::Borrowed("A"),
+                    styles: vec![Style {
+                        key: "bold".into(),
+                        data: LoroValue::Null
+                    }]
+                },
+            ]
+        );
+    }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tinyvec.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tinyvec.rs
index 9c24eb372..239a12010 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tinyvec.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tinyvec.rs
@@ -70,6 +70,10 @@ impl<T: Default + Copy, const N: usize> TinyVec<T, N> {
     }
 
     pub fn can_merge(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        if self.len + other.len >= N as u8 {
+            return false;
+        }
+
         self.len + other.len <= self.data.len() as u8
     }
 
@@ -81,6 +85,7 @@ impl<T: Default + Copy, const N: usize> TinyVec<T, N> {
         for value in other.iter() {
             self.push(*value);
         }
+        self.len += other.len;
     }
 
     pub fn merge_left(&mut self, left: &Self) {
@@ -95,6 +100,7 @@ impl<T: Default + Copy, const N: usize> TinyVec<T, N> {
         for i in 0..left.len as usize {
             self.data[i] = left.data[i];
         }
+        self.len += left.len;
     }
 
     pub fn slice(&self, start: usize, end: usize) -> Self {

From 48eb20f0466829f380b2c1c706614a92fedc31c9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zixuan Chen <remch183@outlook.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Sep 2023 20:21:49 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 006/111] fix: comment err

---
 .../loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs   | 13 ++--
 .../src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs  | 68 ++++++++++++++++++-
 .../src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs |  2 +-
 3 files changed, 74 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs
index 59a2a8ada..949efdf91 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs
@@ -136,6 +136,7 @@ const EXPAND_AFTER_MASK: u8 = 0b0000_0100;
 const IS_END_MASK: u8 = 0b0000_1000;
 const DELETE_MASK: u8 = 0b0001_0000;
 const CONTAINER_MASK: u8 = 0b0010_0000;
+const ALIVE_MASK: u8 = 0b1000_0000;
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Eq, PartialEq, Debug, Hash)]
 pub enum ExpandType {
@@ -216,12 +217,12 @@ impl TextStyleInfo {
 
     #[inline(always)]
     pub fn is_delete(&self) -> bool {
-        self.data & 0b0001_0000 != 0
+        self.data & DELETE_MASK != 0
     }
 
     #[inline(always)]
     pub fn is_container(&self) -> bool {
-        self.data & 0b0010_0000 != 0
+        self.data & CONTAINER_MASK != 0
     }
 
     pub const fn new(
@@ -231,7 +232,7 @@ impl TextStyleInfo {
         is_delete: bool,
         is_container: bool,
     ) -> Self {
-        let mut data = 1;
+        let mut data = ALIVE_MASK;
         if mergeable {
             data |= MERGEABLE_MASK;
         }
@@ -255,8 +256,8 @@ impl TextStyleInfo {
     }
 
     pub const fn is_dead(self) -> bool {
-        debug_assert!((self.data & 1 != 0) || self.data == 0);
-        (self.data & 1) == 0
+        debug_assert!((self.data & ALIVE_MASK != 0) || self.data == 0);
+        (self.data & ALIVE_MASK) == 0
     }
 
     #[inline(always)]
@@ -294,7 +295,7 @@ impl TextStyleInfo {
     pub const LINK: TextStyleInfo =
         TextStyleInfo::new(true, ExpandType::None, AnchorType::Start, false, false);
     pub const COMMENT: TextStyleInfo =
-        TextStyleInfo::new(true, ExpandType::None, AnchorType::Start, false, true);
+        TextStyleInfo::new(false, ExpandType::None, AnchorType::Start, false, true);
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
index d6a66acae..c39f4234b 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
@@ -591,7 +591,7 @@ impl RichtextState {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test {
     use append_only_bytes::AppendOnlyBytes;
-    use loro_common::LoroValue;
+    use loro_common::{ContainerID, ContainerType, LoroValue, ID};
 
     use super::*;
 
@@ -613,6 +613,14 @@ mod test {
         Arc::new(StyleInner::new_for_test(n, "bold", TextStyleInfo::BOLD))
     }
 
+    fn comment(n: isize) -> Arc<StyleInner> {
+        Arc::new(StyleInner::new_for_test(
+            n,
+            "comment",
+            TextStyleInfo::COMMENT,
+        ))
+    }
+
     fn unbold(n: isize) -> Arc<StyleInner> {
         Arc::new(StyleInner::new_for_test(
             n,
@@ -882,8 +890,8 @@ mod test {
     fn bold_and_link_at_the_same_place() {
         let mut wrapper = SimpleWrapper::default();
         wrapper.insert(0, "Hello");
-        wrapper.state.mark(0..5, bold(1));
         wrapper.state.mark(0..5, link(0));
+        wrapper.state.mark(0..5, bold(1));
         wrapper.insert(5, "A");
         assert_eq!(
             wrapper.state.to_vec(),
@@ -911,4 +919,60 @@ mod test {
             ]
         );
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn comments() {
+        let mut wrapper = SimpleWrapper::default();
+        wrapper.insert(0, "Hello World!");
+        wrapper.state.mark(0..5, comment(0));
+        wrapper.state.mark(1..6, comment(1));
+        assert_eq!(
+            wrapper.state.to_vec(),
+            vec![
+                RichtextSpan {
+                    text: Cow::Borrowed("H"),
+                    styles: vec![Style {
+                        key: "comment".into(),
+                        data: LoroValue::Container(ContainerID::new_normal(
+                            ID::new(0, 0),
+                            ContainerType::Map
+                        ))
+                    },]
+                },
+                RichtextSpan {
+                    text: Cow::Borrowed("ello"),
+                    styles: vec![
+                        Style {
+                            key: "comment".into(),
+                            data: LoroValue::Container(ContainerID::new_normal(
+                                ID::new(0, 0),
+                                ContainerType::Map
+                            ))
+                        },
+                        Style {
+                            key: "comment".into(),
+                            data: LoroValue::Container(ContainerID::new_normal(
+                                ID::new(1, 1),
+                                ContainerType::Map
+                            ))
+                        },
+                    ]
+                },
+                RichtextSpan {
+                    text: Cow::Borrowed(" "),
+                    styles: vec![Style {
+                        key: "comment".into(),
+                        data: LoroValue::Container(ContainerID::new_normal(
+                            ID::new(1, 1),
+                            ContainerType::Map
+                        ))
+                    },]
+                },
+                RichtextSpan {
+                    text: Cow::Borrowed("World!"),
+                    styles: vec![]
+                },
+            ]
+        );
+    }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs
index 319dc4d57..ec578ddf1 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ impl StyleValue {
         if self.should_merge {
             Box::new(self.set.iter().rev().take(1).filter_map(|x| x.to_style()))
         } else {
-            Box::new(self.set.iter().map(|x| x.to_style().unwrap()))
+            Box::new(self.set.iter().filter_map(|x| x.to_style()))
         }
     }
 }

From 4081b3177b855a810d226067de561b618af4f6dd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zixuan Chen <remch183@outlook.com>
Date: Thu, 28 Sep 2023 02:23:03 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 007/111] refactor: use new generic-btree & refine impl

---
 .gitignore                                    |   1 +
 Cargo.lock                                    |  60 ++--
 crates/loro-internal/Cargo.toml               |   2 +-
 .../loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs   |   1 +
 .../src/container/richtext/query_by_len.rs    |  24 +-
 .../src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs  | 278 ++++++++++------
 .../src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs | 179 ++++-------
 .../src/container/richtext/tracker.rs         |   2 +
 .../container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs   |   1 +
 .../richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs          |   0
 .../src/container/text/tracker/yata_impl.rs   |   1 -
 crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs             |   1 -
 .../src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs          |   5 -
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs  | 297 ++++++++++++------
 crates/loro-internal/tests/test.rs            |   5 -
 crates/rle/src/rle_tree/test/mod.rs           |   5 -
 16 files changed, 471 insertions(+), 391 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs
 create mode 100644 crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs
 create mode 100644 crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 91a2bf954..78f0ec305 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -6,3 +6,4 @@ target
 dhat-heap.json
 .DS_Store
 node_modules/
+.idea/
diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 8982bf2f3..c0f89ce06 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "heck",
  "indexmap",
  "log",
- "proc-macro2 1.0.64",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
  "quote 1.0.29",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
@@ -538,7 +538,7 @@ checksum = "a784d2ccaf7c98501746bf0be29b2022ba41fd62a2e622af997a03e9f972859f"
 dependencies = [
  "fnv",
  "ident_case",
- "proc-macro2 1.0.64",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
  "quote 1.0.29",
  "strsim",
  "syn 1.0.107",
@@ -577,7 +577,7 @@ version = "1.3.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "53e0efad4403bfc52dc201159c4b842a246a14b98c64b55dfd0f2d89729dfeb8"
 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2 1.0.64",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
  "quote 1.0.29",
  "syn 2.0.25",
 ]
@@ -621,7 +621,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c9720bba047d567ffc8a3cba48bf19126600e249ab7f128e9233e6376976a116"
 dependencies = [
  "heck",
- "proc-macro2 1.0.64",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
  "quote 1.0.29",
  "syn 1.0.107",
 ]
@@ -633,7 +633,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "5ffccbb6966c05b32ef8fbac435df276c4ae4d3dc55a8cd0eb9745e6c12f546a"
 dependencies = [
  "heck",
- "proc-macro2 1.0.64",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
  "quote 1.0.29",
  "syn 2.0.25",
 ]
@@ -645,7 +645,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "11f36e95862220b211a6e2aa5eca09b4fa391b13cd52ceb8035a24bf65a79de2"
 dependencies = [
  "once_cell",
- "proc-macro2 1.0.64",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
  "quote 1.0.29",
  "syn 1.0.107",
 ]
@@ -717,9 +717,13 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "generic-btree"
-version = "0.5.0"
+version = "0.7.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c6fffeebb255c8f033878911a1e53b44ca5218d426e61ef600740c82abb287c7"
 dependencies = [
  "fxhash",
+ "heapless",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
  "smallvec",
  "thunderdome",
 ]
@@ -1154,7 +1158,7 @@ checksum = "4f73dd4ddd118bd87756c72fead4c727dc4ee6ba3af3cd98d8490eb09b5a8573"
 dependencies = [
  "convert_case",
  "napi-derive-backend",
- "proc-macro2 1.0.64",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
  "quote 1.0.29",
  "syn 1.0.107",
 ]
@@ -1167,7 +1171,7 @@ checksum = "57e4e6bb1ee73ec3938a8dfd2ce81955954b8e48c3a40c839918a9735feb0d61"
 dependencies = [
  "convert_case",
  "once_cell",
- "proc-macro2 1.0.64",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
  "quote 1.0.29",
  "regex",
  "syn 1.0.107",
@@ -1319,7 +1323,7 @@ checksum = "5f7d21ccd03305a674437ee1248f3ab5d4b1db095cf1caf49f1713ddf61956b7"
 dependencies = [
  "Inflector",
  "proc-macro-error",
- "proc-macro2 1.0.64",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
  "quote 1.0.29",
  "syn 1.0.107",
 ]
@@ -1431,7 +1435,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "da25490ff9892aab3fcf7c36f08cfb902dd3e71ca0f9f9517bea02a73a5ce38c"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro-error-attr",
- "proc-macro2 1.0.64",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
  "quote 1.0.29",
  "syn 1.0.107",
  "version_check",
@@ -1443,7 +1447,7 @@ version = "1.0.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "a1be40180e52ecc98ad80b184934baf3d0d29f979574e439af5a55274b35f869"
 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2 1.0.64",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
  "quote 1.0.29",
  "version_check",
 ]
@@ -1459,9 +1463,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "proc-macro2"
-version = "1.0.64"
+version = "1.0.67"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "78803b62cbf1f46fde80d7c0e803111524b9877184cfe7c3033659490ac7a7da"
+checksum = "3d433d9f1a3e8c1263d9456598b16fec66f4acc9a74dacffd35c7bb09b3a1328"
 dependencies = [
  "unicode-ident",
 ]
@@ -1548,7 +1552,7 @@ version = "0.17.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "94144a1266e236b1c932682136dc35a9dee8d3589728f68130c7c3861ef96b28"
 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2 1.0.64",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
  "pyo3-macros-backend",
  "quote 1.0.29",
  "syn 1.0.107",
@@ -1560,7 +1564,7 @@ version = "0.17.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c8df9be978a2d2f0cdebabb03206ed73b11314701a5bfe71b0d753b81997777f"
 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2 1.0.64",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
  "quote 1.0.29",
  "syn 1.0.107",
 ]
@@ -1592,7 +1596,7 @@ version = "1.0.29"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "573015e8ab27661678357f27dc26460738fd2b6c86e46f386fde94cb5d913105"
 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2 1.0.64",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1852,7 +1856,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c78a4cb8421e4666b4e71a5a896be4f8db66ba90af88257e1072609dc4f3abbb"
 dependencies = [
  "darling",
- "proc-macro2 1.0.64",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
  "quote 1.0.29",
  "syn 1.0.107",
 ]
@@ -1863,7 +1867,7 @@ version = "1.0.171"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "389894603bd18c46fa56231694f8d827779c0951a667087194cf9de94ed24682"
 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2 1.0.64",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
  "quote 1.0.29",
  "syn 2.0.25",
 ]
@@ -1996,7 +2000,7 @@ version = "1.0.107"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "1f4064b5b16e03ae50984a5a8ed5d4f8803e6bc1fd170a3cda91a1be4b18e3f5"
 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2 1.0.64",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
  "quote 1.0.29",
  "unicode-ident",
 ]
@@ -2007,7 +2011,7 @@ version = "2.0.25"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "15e3fc8c0c74267e2df136e5e5fb656a464158aa57624053375eb9c8c6e25ae2"
 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2 1.0.64",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
  "quote 1.0.29",
  "unicode-ident",
 ]
@@ -2018,7 +2022,7 @@ version = "0.12.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f36bdaa60a83aca3921b5259d5400cbf5e90fc51931376a9bd4a0eb79aa7210f"
 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2 1.0.64",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
  "quote 1.0.29",
  "syn 1.0.107",
  "unicode-xid 0.2.4",
@@ -2053,7 +2057,7 @@ checksum = "beca1b4eaceb4f2755df858b88d9b9315b7ccfd1ffd0d7a48a52602301f01a57"
 dependencies = [
  "heck",
  "proc-macro-error",
- "proc-macro2 1.0.64",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
  "quote 1.0.29",
  "syn 1.0.107",
 ]
@@ -2108,7 +2112,7 @@ version = "1.0.43"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "463fe12d7993d3b327787537ce8dd4dfa058de32fc2b195ef3cde03dc4771e8f"
 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2 1.0.64",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
  "quote 1.0.29",
  "syn 2.0.25",
 ]
@@ -2171,7 +2175,7 @@ version = "0.1.23"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "4017f8f45139870ca7e672686113917c71c7a6e02d4924eda67186083c03081a"
 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2 1.0.64",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
  "quote 1.0.29",
  "syn 1.0.107",
 ]
@@ -2284,7 +2288,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "bumpalo",
  "log",
  "once_cell",
- "proc-macro2 1.0.64",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
  "quote 1.0.29",
  "syn 2.0.25",
  "wasm-bindgen-shared",
@@ -2306,7 +2310,7 @@ version = "0.2.87"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "54681b18a46765f095758388f2d0cf16eb8d4169b639ab575a8f5693af210c7b"
 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2 1.0.64",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
  "quote 1.0.29",
  "syn 2.0.25",
  "wasm-bindgen-backend",
@@ -2506,7 +2510,7 @@ version = "0.9.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "486558732d5dde10d0f8cb2936507c1bb21bc539d924c949baf5f36a58e51bac"
 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2 1.0.64",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
  "quote 1.0.29",
  "syn 1.0.107",
  "synstructure",
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/Cargo.toml b/crates/loro-internal/Cargo.toml
index 3299d13d6..a7de1ccad 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/Cargo.toml
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ itertools = "0.10.5"
 enum_dispatch = "0.3.11"
 im = "15.1.0"
 jumprope = { version = "1.1.2", features = ["wchar_conversion"] }
-generic-btree = { path = "../../../generic-btree" }
+generic-btree = { version = "0.7.0" }
 miniz_oxide = "0.7.1"
 getrandom = "0.2.10"
 zerovec = { version = "0.9.4", features = ["serde", "derive"] }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs
index 949efdf91..7b625e0f5 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ mod query_by_len;
 mod richtext_state;
 mod style_range_map;
 mod tinyvec;
+mod tracker;
 
 use loro_common::{Counter, LoroValue, PeerID};
 use std::{borrow::Cow, fmt::Debug};
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/query_by_len.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/query_by_len.rs
index 40326af84..319e6a210 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/query_by_len.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/query_by_len.rs
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ pub struct IndexQuery<T: QueryByLen<B>, B: BTreeTrait> {
 pub trait QueryByLen<B: BTreeTrait> {
     fn get_cache_len(cache: &B::Cache) -> usize;
     fn get_elem_len(elem: &B::Elem) -> usize;
+    fn get_offset_and_found(left: usize, elem: &B::Elem) -> (usize, bool);
 }
 
 impl<T: QueryByLen<B>, B: BTreeTrait> Query<B> for IndexQuery<T, B> {
@@ -45,26 +46,7 @@ impl<T: QueryByLen<B>, B: BTreeTrait> Query<B> for IndexQuery<T, B> {
         FindResult::new_missing(child_caches.len() - 1, last_left)
     }
 
-    fn find_element(
-        &mut self,
-        _: &Self::QueryArg,
-        elements: &[<B as BTreeTrait>::Elem],
-    ) -> generic_btree::FindResult {
-        let mut last_left = self.left;
-        for (i, elem) in elements.iter().enumerate() {
-            let len = T::get_elem_len(elem);
-            if self.left >= len {
-                last_left = self.left;
-                self.left -= len;
-            } else {
-                return FindResult::new_found(i, self.left);
-            }
-        }
-
-        generic_btree::FindResult {
-            index: elements.len(),
-            offset: last_left,
-            found: false,
-        }
+    fn confirm_elem(&self, q: &Self::QueryArg, elem: &<B as BTreeTrait>::Elem) -> (usize, bool) {
+        T::get_offset_and_found(self.left, elem)
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
index c39f4234b..34dcbd1cd 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
@@ -1,12 +1,9 @@
 use append_only_bytes::BytesSlice;
 use fxhash::FxHashMap;
-use generic_btree::{
-    rle::{insert_with_split, HasLength, Mergeable, Sliceable},
-    BTree, BTreeTrait,
-};
+use generic_btree::{rle::{HasLength, Mergeable, Sliceable}, BTree, BTreeTrait, LengthFinder, iter};
 use std::{
     borrow::Cow,
-    ops::{Add, AddAssign, Range, RangeBounds, Sub},
+    ops::{Add, AddAssign, Range, Sub},
     str::Utf8Error,
     sync::Arc,
 };
@@ -16,6 +13,7 @@ use crate::{
     InternalString,
 };
 
+// FIXME: Check splice and other things are using unicode index
 use self::query::{EntityQueryT, UnicodeQuery};
 
 use super::{
@@ -113,18 +111,9 @@ impl Mergeable for Elem {
 }
 
 impl Sliceable for Elem {
-    fn slice(&self, range: impl RangeBounds<usize>) -> Self {
-        let start_index = match range.start_bound() {
-            std::ops::Bound::Included(s) => *s,
-            std::ops::Bound::Excluded(s) => *s + 1,
-            std::ops::Bound::Unbounded => 0,
-        };
-
-        let end_index = match range.end_bound() {
-            std::ops::Bound::Included(s) => *s + 1,
-            std::ops::Bound::Excluded(s) => *s,
-            std::ops::Bound::Unbounded => self.rle_len(),
-        };
+    fn _slice(&self, range: Range<usize>) -> Self {
+        let start_index = range.start;
+        let end_index = range.end;
 
         let text = match self {
             Elem::Text {
@@ -137,17 +126,17 @@ impl Sliceable for Elem {
         };
 
         let s = std::str::from_utf8(text).unwrap();
-        let from = unicode_to_byte_index(s, start_index).unwrap();
-        let len = unicode_to_byte_index(&s[from..], end_index - start_index).unwrap();
+        let from = unicode_to_utf8_index(s, start_index).unwrap();
+        let len = unicode_to_utf8_index(&s[from..], end_index - start_index).unwrap();
         let to = from + len;
-        return Elem::Text {
+        Elem::Text {
             unicode_len: (end_index - start_index) as i32,
             text: text.slice_clone(from..to),
-        };
+        }
     }
 }
 
-fn unicode_to_byte_index(s: &str, unicode_index: usize) -> Option<usize> {
+fn unicode_to_utf8_index(s: &str, unicode_index: usize) -> Option<usize> {
     let mut current_unicode_index = 0;
     for (byte_index, _) in s.char_indices() {
         if current_unicode_index == unicode_index {
@@ -163,6 +152,23 @@ fn unicode_to_byte_index(s: &str, unicode_index: usize) -> Option<usize> {
     None
 }
 
+fn utf16_to_unicode_index(s: &str, utf16_idex: usize) -> Option<usize> {
+    if utf16_idex == 0 {
+        return Some(0);
+    }
+
+    let mut current_utf16_index = 0;
+    for (i, c) in s.chars().enumerate() {
+        let len = c.len_utf16();
+        current_utf16_index += len;
+        if current_utf16_index == utf16_idex {
+            return Some(i + 1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    None
+}
+
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
 struct Cache {
     unicode_len: i32,
@@ -211,72 +217,45 @@ impl BTreeTrait for RichtextTreeTrait {
 
     type CacheDiff = Cache;
 
-    const MAX_LEN: usize = 16;
-
     fn calc_cache_internal(
         cache: &mut Self::Cache,
         caches: &[generic_btree::Child<Self>],
-        diff: Option<Self::CacheDiff>,
-    ) -> Option<Self::CacheDiff> {
-        match diff {
-            Some(diff) => {
-                *cache += diff;
-                Some(diff)
-            }
-            None => {
-                let mut new_cache = Cache::default();
-                for child in caches {
-                    new_cache += child.cache;
-                }
-
-                let diff = new_cache - *cache;
-                *cache = new_cache;
-                Some(diff)
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn calc_cache_leaf(
-        cache: &mut Self::Cache,
-        elements: &[Self::Elem],
-        diff: Option<Self::CacheDiff>,
     ) -> Self::CacheDiff {
-        match diff {
-            Some(diff) => {
-                *cache += diff;
-                diff
-            }
-            None => {
-                let mut new_cache = Cache::default();
-                for elem in elements {
-                    match elem {
-                        Elem::Text { unicode_len, .. } => {
-                            new_cache.unicode_len += unicode_len;
-                            new_cache.utf16_len += unicode_len;
-                            new_cache.entity_len += 1;
-                        }
-                        Elem::Style(size) => new_cache.entity_len += size.len() as i32,
-                    }
-                }
-
-                let diff = new_cache - *cache;
-                *cache = new_cache;
-                diff
-            }
+        let mut new_cache = Cache::default();
+        for child in caches {
+            new_cache += child.cache;
         }
+
+        let diff = new_cache - *cache;
+        *cache = new_cache;
+        diff
     }
 
     fn merge_cache_diff(diff1: &mut Self::CacheDiff, diff2: &Self::CacheDiff) {
         *diff1 += *diff2;
     }
 
-    fn insert(
-        elements: &mut generic_btree::HeapVec<Self::Elem>,
-        index: usize,
-        offset: usize,
-        elem: Self::Elem,
-    ) {
-        insert_with_split(elements, index, offset, elem)
+    fn apply_cache_diff(cache: &mut Self::Cache, diff: &Self::CacheDiff) {
+        *cache += *diff;
+    }
+
+    fn get_elem_cache(elem: &Self::Elem) -> Self::Cache {
+        match elem {
+            Elem::Text { unicode_len, text } => Cache {
+                unicode_len: *unicode_len,
+                utf16_len: count_utf16_chars(&text) as i32,
+                entity_len: *unicode_len,
+            },
+            Elem::Style(styles) => Cache {
+                unicode_len: 0,
+                utf16_len: 0,
+                entity_len: styles.len() as i32,
+            },
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn new_cache_to_diff(cache: &Self::Cache) -> Self::CacheDiff {
+        *cache
     }
 }
 
@@ -294,10 +273,32 @@ mod query {
 
         fn get_elem_len(elem: &<RichtextTreeTrait as BTreeTrait>::Elem) -> usize {
             match elem {
-                Elem::Text { unicode_len, text } => *unicode_len as usize,
+                Elem::Text {
+                    unicode_len,
+                    text: _,
+                } => *unicode_len as usize,
                 Elem::Style(_) => 0,
             }
         }
+
+        fn get_offset_and_found(
+            left: usize,
+            elem: &<RichtextTreeTrait as BTreeTrait>::Elem,
+        ) -> (usize, bool) {
+            match elem {
+                Elem::Text {
+                    unicode_len,
+                    text: _,
+                } => {
+                    if *unicode_len as usize >= left {
+                        return (left, true);
+                    }
+
+                    (left, false)
+                }
+                Elem::Style(s) => (s.len(), false),
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     pub(super) struct Utf16QueryT;
@@ -317,6 +318,27 @@ mod query {
                 Elem::Style(_) => 0,
             }
         }
+
+        fn get_offset_and_found(
+            left: usize,
+            elem: &<RichtextTreeTrait as BTreeTrait>::Elem,
+        ) -> (usize, bool) {
+            match elem {
+                Elem::Text {
+                    unicode_len: _,
+                    text,
+                } => {
+                    if left == 0 {
+                        return (0, true);
+                    }
+
+                    let s = std::str::from_utf8(text).unwrap();
+                    let offset = utf16_to_unicode_index(s, left).unwrap();
+                    (offset, true)
+                }
+                Elem::Style(s) => (s.len(), false),
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     pub(super) struct EntityQueryT;
@@ -336,18 +358,51 @@ mod query {
                 Elem::Style(data) => data.len(),
             }
         }
+
+        fn get_offset_and_found(
+            left: usize,
+            elem: &<RichtextTreeTrait as BTreeTrait>::Elem,
+        ) -> (usize, bool) {
+            match elem {
+                Elem::Text {
+                    unicode_len,
+                    text: _,
+                } => {
+                    if *unicode_len as usize >= left {
+                        return (left, true);
+                    }
+
+                    (left, false)
+                }
+                Elem::Style(data) => {
+                    if data.len() >= left {
+                        return (left, true);
+                    }
+
+                    (left, true)
+                }
+            }
+        }
     }
 }
 
 impl RichtextState {
     /// Insert text at a unicode index. Return the entity index.
     pub(crate) fn insert(&mut self, pos: usize, text: BytesSlice) -> usize {
-        let right = self.find_best_insert_pos_from_unicode_index(pos);
+        if self.tree.is_empty() {
+            let elem = Elem::try_from_bytes(text).unwrap();
+            self.style_ranges.insert(0, elem.rle_len());
+            self.tree.push(elem);
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        let right = self.find_best_insert_pos_from_unicode_index(pos).unwrap();
+        let right = self.tree.prefer_left(right).unwrap_or(right);
         let entity_index = self.get_entity_index_from_path(right);
         let insert_pos = right;
         let elem = Elem::try_from_bytes(text).unwrap();
         self.style_ranges.insert(entity_index, elem.rle_len());
-        self.tree.insert_by_query_result(insert_pos, elem);
+        self.tree.insert_by_path(insert_pos, elem);
         entity_index
     }
 
@@ -365,33 +420,37 @@ impl RichtextState {
     fn find_best_insert_pos_from_unicode_index(
         &mut self,
         pos: usize,
-    ) -> generic_btree::QueryResult {
+    ) -> Option<generic_btree::Cursor> {
+        if self.tree.is_empty() {
+            return None;
+        }
+
         // There are a range of elements may share the same unicode index
-        // because style anchors don't have zero lengths in unicode index.
+        // because style anchors' lengths are zero in unicode index.
 
         // Find the start of the range
         let mut iter = if pos == 0 {
             self.tree.first_full_path()
         } else {
-            let q = self.tree.query::<UnicodeQuery>(&(pos - 1));
-            match self.tree.shift_path_by_one_offset(q) {
+            let q = self.tree.query::<UnicodeQuery>(&(pos - 1)).unwrap();
+            match self.tree.shift_path_by_one_offset(q.cursor) {
                 Some(x) => x,
                 // If next is None, we know the range is empty, return directly
-                None => return self.tree.last_full_path(),
+                None => return Some(self.tree.last_full_path()),
             }
         };
 
         // Find the end of the range
-        let right = self.tree.query::<UnicodeQuery>(&pos);
+        let right = self.tree.query::<UnicodeQuery>(&pos).unwrap().cursor;
         if iter == right {
             // no style anchor between unicode index (pos-1) and (pos)
-            return iter;
+            return Some(iter);
         }
 
         // need to scan from left to right
         let mut visited = Vec::new();
         while iter != right {
-            let Some(elem) = self.tree.get_elem(&iter) else {
+            let Some(elem) = self.tree.get_elem(iter.leaf) else {
                 break;
             };
             let style = match elem {
@@ -425,10 +484,10 @@ impl RichtextState {
             iter = top_elem;
         }
 
-        iter
+        Some(iter)
     }
 
-    fn get_entity_index_from_path(&mut self, right: generic_btree::QueryResult) -> usize {
+    fn get_entity_index_from_path(&mut self, right: generic_btree::Cursor) -> usize {
         let mut entity_index = 0;
         self.tree.visit_previous_caches(right, |cache| match cache {
             generic_btree::PreviousCache::NodeCache(cache) => {
@@ -448,14 +507,18 @@ impl RichtextState {
     ///
     /// Delete a range of text. (The style anchors included in the range are not deleted.)
     pub(crate) fn delete(&mut self, pos: usize, len: usize) -> Vec<Range<usize>> {
+        if self.tree.is_empty() {
+            return Vec::new();
+        }
+
         let mut style_anchors: Vec<Elem> = Vec::new();
         let mut removed_entity_ranges: Vec<Range<usize>> = Vec::new();
-        let q = self.tree.query::<UnicodeQuery>(&pos);
+        let q = self.tree.query::<UnicodeQuery>(&pos).unwrap().cursor;
         let mut entity_index = self.get_entity_index_from_path(q);
         let mut deleted = 0;
         // TODO: Delete style anchors whose inner text content is empty
 
-        for span in self.tree.drain::<UnicodeQuery>(pos..pos + len) {
+        for span in self.tree.drain_by_query::<UnicodeQuery>(pos..pos + len) {
             match span {
                 Elem::Style(style) => {
                     entity_index += style.len();
@@ -498,7 +561,8 @@ impl RichtextState {
         }
 
         let q = self.tree.query::<UnicodeQuery>(&pos);
-        self.tree.insert_many_by_query_result(&q, style_anchors);
+        self.tree
+            .insert_many_by_cursor(q.map(|x| x.cursor), style_anchors);
 
         removed_entity_ranges
     }
@@ -507,15 +571,23 @@ impl RichtextState {
     ///
     /// Return the corresponding entity index ranges.
     pub(crate) fn mark(&mut self, range: Range<usize>, style: Arc<StyleInner>) -> Range<usize> {
-        let end_pos = self.find_best_insert_pos_from_unicode_index(range.end);
+        if self.tree.is_empty() {
+            panic!("Cannot mark an empty tree");
+        }
+
+        let end_pos = self
+            .find_best_insert_pos_from_unicode_index(range.end)
+            .unwrap();
         let end_entity_index = self.get_entity_index_from_path(end_pos);
         self.tree
-            .insert_by_query_result(end_pos, Elem::from_style(style.info.to_end()));
+            .insert_by_path(end_pos, Elem::from_style(style.info.to_end()));
 
-        let start_pos = self.find_best_insert_pos_from_unicode_index(range.start);
+        let start_pos = self
+            .find_best_insert_pos_from_unicode_index(range.start)
+            .unwrap();
         let start_entity_index = self.get_entity_index_from_path(start_pos);
         self.tree
-            .insert_by_query_result(start_pos, Elem::from_style(style.info.to_start()));
+            .insert_by_path(start_pos, Elem::from_style(style.info.to_start()));
 
         self.style_ranges.insert(end_entity_index, 1);
         self.style_ranges.insert(start_entity_index, 1);
@@ -531,7 +603,7 @@ impl RichtextState {
     pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = RichtextSpan<'_>> {
         let mut entity_index = 0;
         let mut style_range_iter = self.style_ranges.iter();
-        let mut cur_range = style_range_iter.next();
+        let mut cur_style_range = style_range_iter.next();
 
         fn to_styles(
             (_, style_map): &(Range<usize>, &FxHashMap<InternalString, StyleValue>),
@@ -543,12 +615,12 @@ impl RichtextState {
             styles
         }
 
-        let mut cur_styles = cur_range.as_ref().map(to_styles);
+        let mut cur_styles = cur_style_range.as_ref().map(to_styles);
 
         self.tree.iter().filter_map(move |x| match x {
             Elem::Text { unicode_len, text } => {
                 let mut styles = Vec::new();
-                while let Some((inner_cur_range, _)) = cur_range.as_ref() {
+                while let Some((inner_cur_range, _)) = cur_style_range.as_ref() {
                     if entity_index < inner_cur_range.start {
                         break;
                     }
@@ -557,8 +629,8 @@ impl RichtextState {
                         styles = cur_styles.as_ref().unwrap().clone();
                         break;
                     } else {
-                        cur_range = style_range_iter.next();
-                        cur_styles = cur_range.as_ref().map(to_styles);
+                        cur_style_range = style_range_iter.next();
+                        cur_styles = cur_style_range.as_ref().map(to_styles);
                     }
                 }
 
@@ -856,7 +928,6 @@ mod test {
         );
 
         wrapper.insert(0, "A");
-
         assert_eq!(
             wrapper.state.to_vec(),
             vec![
@@ -893,6 +964,7 @@ mod test {
         wrapper.state.mark(0..5, link(0));
         wrapper.state.mark(0..5, bold(1));
         wrapper.insert(5, "A");
+
         assert_eq!(
             wrapper.state.to_vec(),
             vec![
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs
index ec578ddf1..2041c9e27 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs
@@ -3,14 +3,11 @@
 
 use std::{collections::BTreeSet, ops::Range, sync::Arc, usize};
 
-use fxhash::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
+use fxhash::FxHashMap;
 use generic_btree::{
-    rle::{
-        delete_range_in_elements, scan_and_merge, update_slice, HasLength, Mergeable, Sliceable,
-    },
+    rle::{HasLength, Mergeable, Sliceable},
     BTree, BTreeTrait, LengthFinder, UseLengthFinder,
 };
-use loro_common::{ContainerID, LoroValue};
 
 use crate::InternalString;
 
@@ -20,13 +17,13 @@ use super::{Style, StyleInner};
 ///
 /// It's initialized with usize::MAX/2 length.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub(super) struct StyleRangeMap(BTree<RangeNumMapTrait>);
+pub(super) struct StyleRangeMap(pub(super) BTree<RangeNumMapTrait>);
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-struct RangeNumMapTrait;
+pub(super) struct RangeNumMapTrait;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-struct Elem {
+pub(super) struct Elem {
     styles: FxHashMap<InternalString, StyleValue>,
     len: usize,
 }
@@ -63,21 +60,23 @@ impl StyleValue {
 impl StyleRangeMap {
     pub fn new() -> Self {
         let mut tree = BTree::new();
-        tree.insert_by_query_result(
-            tree.first_full_path(),
-            Elem {
-                styles: Default::default(),
-                len: usize::MAX / 4,
-            },
-        );
+        tree.push(Elem {
+            styles: Default::default(),
+            len: usize::MAX / 4,
+        });
 
         Self(tree)
     }
 
     pub fn annotate(&mut self, range: Range<usize>, style: Arc<StyleInner>) {
         let range = self.0.range::<LengthFinder>(range);
-        self.0.update(&range.start..&range.end, &mut |mut slice| {
-            let ans = update_slice::<Elem, _>(&mut slice, &mut |x| {
+        if range.is_none() {
+            unreachable!();
+        }
+
+        let range = range.unwrap();
+        self.0
+            .update(range.start.cursor..range.end.cursor, &mut |mut x| {
                 // only leave one value with the greatest lamport if the style is mergeable
                 if let Some(set) = x.styles.get_mut(&style.key) {
                     set.set.insert(style.clone());
@@ -92,12 +91,9 @@ impl StyleRangeMap {
                     style_set.set.insert(style.clone());
                     x.styles.insert(style.key.clone(), style_set);
                 }
-                false
-            });
 
-            scan_and_merge(slice.elements, slice.start.map(|x| x.0).unwrap_or(0));
-            (ans, None)
-        });
+                (false, None)
+            });
     }
 
     /// Insert entities at `pos` with length of `len`
@@ -123,7 +119,7 @@ impl StyleRangeMap {
             return;
         }
 
-        if pos == *self.0.root_cache() {
+        if pos as isize == *self.0.root_cache() {
             self.0.push(Elem {
                 len,
                 styles: Default::default(),
@@ -131,17 +127,20 @@ impl StyleRangeMap {
             return;
         }
 
-        let right = self.0.query::<LengthFinder>(&pos);
-        let left = self.0.query::<LengthFinder>(&(pos - 1));
-        if left.elem_index == right.elem_index && left.leaf == right.leaf {
+        let right = self.0.query::<LengthFinder>(&pos).unwrap().cursor;
+        let left = self.0.query::<LengthFinder>(&(pos - 1)).unwrap().cursor;
+        if left.leaf == right.leaf {
             // left and right are in the same element, we can increase the length of the element directly
-            self.0.get_elem_mut(&left).unwrap().len += len;
+            self.0.update_leaf(left.leaf, |mut x| {
+                x.len += len;
+                (true, Some(len as isize), None, None)
+            });
             return;
         }
 
         // insert by the intersection of left styles and right styles
-        let mut styles = self.0.get_elem(&left).unwrap().styles.clone();
-        let right_styles = &self.0.get_elem(&right).unwrap().styles;
+        let mut styles = self.0.get_elem(left.leaf).unwrap().styles.clone();
+        let right_styles = &self.0.get_elem(right.leaf).unwrap().styles;
         styles.retain(|key, value| {
             if let Some(right_value) = right_styles.get(key) {
                 value.set.retain(|x| right_value.set.contains(x));
@@ -151,12 +150,12 @@ impl StyleRangeMap {
             false
         });
 
-        self.0.insert_by_query_result(right, Elem { len, styles });
+        self.0.insert_by_path(right, Elem { len, styles });
     }
 
     pub fn get(&mut self, index: usize) -> Option<&FxHashMap<InternalString, StyleValue>> {
-        let result = self.0.query::<LengthFinder>(&index);
-        self.0.get_elem(&result).map(|x| &x.styles)
+        let result = self.0.query::<LengthFinder>(&index)?.cursor;
+        self.0.get_elem(result.leaf).map(|x| &x.styles)
     }
 
     pub fn iter(
@@ -177,47 +176,28 @@ impl StyleRangeMap {
     }
 
     pub fn delete(&mut self, range: Range<usize>) {
-        self.0.drain::<LengthFinder>(range);
+        let start = self.0.query::<LengthFinder>(&range.start).unwrap();
+        let end = self.0.query::<LengthFinder>(&range.end).unwrap();
+        if start.cursor.leaf == end.cursor.leaf {
+            // delete in the same element
+            self.0.update_leaf(start.cursor.leaf, |mut x| {
+                x.len -= range.len();
+                (true, Some(-(range.len() as isize)), None, None)
+            });
+            return;
+        }
+
+        self.0.drain(start..end);
     }
 
     pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
-        *self.0.root_cache()
+        *self.0.root_cache() as usize
     }
 }
 
 impl UseLengthFinder<RangeNumMapTrait> for RangeNumMapTrait {
-    fn get_len(cache: &usize) -> usize {
-        *cache
-    }
-
-    fn find_element_by_offset(elements: &[Elem], offset: usize) -> generic_btree::FindResult {
-        let mut left = offset;
-        for (i, elem) in elements.iter().enumerate() {
-            if left >= elem.len {
-                left -= elem.len;
-            } else {
-                return generic_btree::FindResult::new_found(i, left);
-            }
-        }
-
-        generic_btree::FindResult::new_missing(elements.len(), left)
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn finder_drain_range(
-        elements: &mut generic_btree::HeapVec<<RangeNumMapTrait as BTreeTrait>::Elem>,
-        start: Option<generic_btree::QueryResult>,
-        end: Option<generic_btree::QueryResult>,
-    ) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Elem> + '_> {
-        Box::new(delete_range_in_elements(elements, start, end).into_iter())
-    }
-
-    fn finder_delete_range(
-        elements: &mut generic_btree::HeapVec<<RangeNumMapTrait as BTreeTrait>::Elem>,
-        start: Option<generic_btree::QueryResult>,
-        end: Option<generic_btree::QueryResult>,
-    ) {
-        delete_range_in_elements(elements, start, end);
+    fn get_len(cache: &isize) -> usize {
+        *cache as usize
     }
 }
 
@@ -242,72 +222,25 @@ impl Mergeable for Elem {
 }
 
 impl Sliceable for Elem {
-    fn slice(&self, range: impl std::ops::RangeBounds<usize>) -> Self {
-        let len = match range.end_bound() {
-            std::ops::Bound::Included(x) => x + 1,
-            std::ops::Bound::Excluded(x) => *x,
-            std::ops::Bound::Unbounded => self.len,
-        } - match range.start_bound() {
-            std::ops::Bound::Included(x) => *x,
-            std::ops::Bound::Excluded(x) => x + 1,
-            std::ops::Bound::Unbounded => 0,
-        };
+    fn _slice(&self, range: std::ops::Range<usize>) -> Self {
+        let len = range.len();
         Elem {
             styles: self.styles.clone(),
             len,
         }
     }
-
-    fn slice_(&mut self, range: impl std::ops::RangeBounds<usize>)
-    where
-        Self: Sized,
-    {
-        let len = match range.end_bound() {
-            std::ops::Bound::Included(x) => x + 1,
-            std::ops::Bound::Excluded(x) => *x,
-            std::ops::Bound::Unbounded => self.len,
-        } - match range.start_bound() {
-            std::ops::Bound::Included(x) => *x,
-            std::ops::Bound::Excluded(x) => x + 1,
-            std::ops::Bound::Unbounded => 0,
-        };
-
-        self.len = len;
-    }
 }
 
 impl BTreeTrait for RangeNumMapTrait {
     type Elem = Elem;
-    type Cache = usize;
+    type Cache = isize;
     type CacheDiff = isize;
 
-    const MAX_LEN: usize = 8;
-
     fn calc_cache_internal(
         cache: &mut Self::Cache,
         caches: &[generic_btree::Child<Self>],
-        diff: Option<isize>,
-    ) -> Option<isize> {
-        match diff {
-            Some(diff) => {
-                *cache = (*cache as isize + diff) as usize;
-                Some(diff)
-            }
-            None => {
-                let new_cache = caches.iter().map(|c| c.cache).sum();
-                let diff = new_cache as isize - *cache as isize;
-                *cache = new_cache;
-                Some(diff)
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn calc_cache_leaf(
-        cache: &mut Self::Cache,
-        elements: &[Self::Elem],
-        _: Option<Self::CacheDiff>,
     ) -> isize {
-        let new_cache = elements.iter().map(|c| c.len).sum();
+        let new_cache = caches.iter().map(|c| c.cache).sum();
         let diff = new_cache as isize - *cache as isize;
         *cache = new_cache;
         diff
@@ -316,6 +249,18 @@ impl BTreeTrait for RangeNumMapTrait {
     fn merge_cache_diff(diff1: &mut Self::CacheDiff, diff2: &Self::CacheDiff) {
         *diff1 += diff2;
     }
+
+    fn apply_cache_diff(cache: &mut Self::Cache, diff: &Self::CacheDiff) {
+        *cache += diff;
+    }
+
+    fn get_elem_cache(elem: &Self::Elem) -> Self::Cache {
+        elem.len as isize
+    }
+
+    fn new_cache_to_diff(cache: &Self::Cache) -> Self::CacheDiff {
+        *cache
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..13a853fc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+mod id_to_cursor;
+mod crdt_rope;
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..23b2513f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+//!
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/text/tracker/yata_impl.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/text/tracker/yata_impl.rs
index d7047f25c..501f9c1b0 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/text/tracker/yata_impl.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/text/tracker/yata_impl.rs
@@ -730,6 +730,5 @@ pub mod fuzz {
         ];
 
         crdt_list::test::normalize_actions(&mut actions, 5, 100);
-        dbg!(actions);
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs
index 9d66b04a3..002ffe438 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs
@@ -96,7 +96,6 @@ mod test {
                     .0,
                 &"h223ello"
             );
-            dbg!(event);
         }));
         let mut txn = loro.txn().unwrap();
         let text = loro.get_text("id");
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
index 9096fd130..c8e78acb0 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
@@ -1742,9 +1742,4 @@ mod failed_tests {
     fn to_minify() {
         minify_error(5, vec![], test_multi_sites, normalize)
     }
-
-    #[ctor::ctor]
-    fn init_color_backtrace() {
-        color_backtrace::install();
-    }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs
index 2a87e5b78..a6eebff93 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs
@@ -13,10 +13,7 @@ use crate::{
 };
 use debug_log::debug_dbg;
 use fxhash::FxHashMap;
-use generic_btree::{
-    ArenaIndex, BTree, BTreeTrait, FindResult, LengthFinder, QueryResult, UseLengthFinder,
-};
-
+use generic_btree::{rle::{HasLength, Mergeable, Sliceable}, ArenaIndex, BTree, BTreeTrait, Cursor, LeafIndex, LengthFinder, QueryResult, UseLengthFinder, iter, SplittedLeaves};
 use super::ContainerState;
 
 type ContainerMapping = Arc<Mutex<FxHashMap<ContainerID, ArenaIndex>>>;
@@ -27,7 +24,7 @@ pub struct ListState {
     list: BTree<ListImpl>,
     in_txn: bool,
     undo_stack: Vec<UndoItem>,
-    child_container_to_leaf: Arc<Mutex<FxHashMap<ContainerID, ArenaIndex>>>,
+    child_container_to_leaf: FxHashMap<ContainerID, LeafIndex>,
 }
 
 impl Clone for ListState {
@@ -48,62 +45,87 @@ enum UndoItem {
     Delete { index: usize, value: LoroValue },
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+struct Elem {
+    vec: Vec<LoroValue>,
+}
+
+const MAX_LEN: usize = 16;
+impl HasLength for Elem {
+    fn rle_len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.vec.len()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Sliceable for Elem {
+    fn _slice(&self, range: std::ops::Range<usize>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            vec: self.vec[range].to_vec(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn split(&mut self, pos: usize) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            vec: self.vec.split_off(pos),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Mergeable for Elem {
+    fn can_merge(&self, rhs: &Self) -> bool {
+        self.rle_len() + rhs.rle_len() < MAX_LEN
+    }
+
+    fn merge_right(&mut self, rhs: &Self) {
+        self.vec.extend_from_slice(&rhs.vec);
+    }
+
+    fn merge_left(&mut self, left: &Self) {
+        self.vec.splice(0..0, left.vec.iter().cloned());
+    }
+}
+
 struct ListImpl;
 impl BTreeTrait for ListImpl {
-    type Elem = LoroValue;
+    type Elem = Elem;
 
     type Cache = isize;
 
     type CacheDiff = isize;
 
-    const MAX_LEN: usize = 8;
-
+    #[inline(always)]
     fn calc_cache_internal(
         cache: &mut Self::Cache,
         caches: &[generic_btree::Child<Self>],
-        diff: Option<Self::CacheDiff>,
-    ) -> Option<Self::CacheDiff> {
-        match diff {
-            Some(diff) => {
-                *cache += diff;
-                Some(diff)
-            }
-            None => {
-                let mut new_cache = 0;
-                for child in caches {
-                    new_cache += child.cache;
-                }
-
-                let diff = new_cache - *cache;
-                *cache = new_cache;
-                Some(diff)
-            }
+    ) -> Self::CacheDiff {
+        let mut new_cache = 0;
+        for child in caches {
+            new_cache += child.cache;
         }
-    }
 
-    fn calc_cache_leaf(
-        cache: &mut Self::Cache,
-        elements: &[Self::Elem],
-        _diff: Option<Self::CacheDiff>,
-    ) -> Self::CacheDiff {
-        let diff = elements.len() as isize - *cache;
-        *cache = elements.len() as isize;
+        let diff = new_cache - *cache;
+        *cache = new_cache;
         diff
     }
 
+    #[inline(always)]
     fn merge_cache_diff(diff1: &mut Self::CacheDiff, diff2: &Self::CacheDiff) {
         *diff1 += diff2
     }
 
-    fn insert_batch(
-        elements: &mut generic_btree::HeapVec<Self::Elem>,
-        index: usize,
-        _offset: usize,
-        new_elements: impl IntoIterator<Item = Self::Elem>,
-    ) where
-        Self::Elem: Clone,
-    {
-        elements.splice(index..index, new_elements);
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn apply_cache_diff(cache: &mut Self::Cache, diff: &Self::CacheDiff) {
+        *cache += diff;
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn get_elem_cache(elem: &Self::Elem) -> Self::Cache {
+        elem.rle_len() as isize
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn new_cache_to_diff(cache: &Self::Cache) -> Self::CacheDiff {
+        *cache
     }
 }
 
@@ -111,61 +133,29 @@ impl UseLengthFinder<ListImpl> for ListImpl {
     fn get_len(cache: &isize) -> usize {
         *cache as usize
     }
-
-    fn find_element_by_offset(elements: &[LoroValue], offset: usize) -> generic_btree::FindResult {
-        if offset >= elements.len() {
-            return FindResult::new_missing(elements.len(), offset - elements.len());
-        }
-
-        FindResult::new_found(offset, 0)
-    }
 }
 
+// FIXME: update child_container_to_leaf
 impl ListState {
     pub fn new(idx: ContainerIdx) -> Self {
         let mut tree = BTree::new();
-        let mapping: ContainerMapping = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Default::default()));
-        let mapping_clone = mapping.clone();
-        tree.set_listener(Some(Box::new(move |event| {
-            if let LoroValue::Container(container_id) = event.elem {
-                let mut mapping = mapping_clone.try_lock().unwrap();
-                if let Some(leaf) = event.target_leaf {
-                    mapping.insert((*container_id).clone(), leaf);
-                } else {
-                    mapping.remove(container_id);
-                }
-                drop(mapping);
-            }
-        })));
-
         Self {
             idx,
             list: tree,
             in_txn: false,
             undo_stack: Vec::new(),
-            child_container_to_leaf: mapping,
+            child_container_to_leaf: Default::default(),
         }
     }
 
     pub fn get_child_container_index(&self, id: &ContainerID) -> Option<usize> {
         debug_dbg!(self.get_value());
-        let mapping = self.child_container_to_leaf.lock().unwrap();
-        let leaf = *mapping.get(id)?;
-        drop(mapping);
-        let node = self.list.get_node_safe(leaf)?;
-        let elem_index = node
-            .elements()
-            .iter()
-            .position(|x| x.as_container() == Some(id))?;
+        let leaf = *self.child_container_to_leaf.get(id).unwrap();
+        let node = self.list.get_elem(leaf)?;
+        let elem_index = node.vec.iter().position(|x| x.as_container() == Some(id))?;
         let mut index = 0;
-        self.list.visit_previous_caches(
-            QueryResult {
-                leaf,
-                elem_index: 0,
-                offset: 0,
-                found: true,
-            },
-            |cache| match cache {
+        self.list
+            .visit_previous_caches(Cursor { leaf, offset: 0 }, |cache| match cache {
                 generic_btree::PreviousCache::NodeCache(cache) => {
                     index += *cache;
                 }
@@ -173,23 +163,72 @@ impl ListState {
                     index += 1;
                 }
                 generic_btree::PreviousCache::ThisElemAndOffset { .. } => {}
-            },
-        );
+            });
 
         Some(index as usize + elem_index)
     }
 
     pub fn insert(&mut self, index: usize, value: LoroValue) {
-        self.list.insert::<LengthFinder>(&index, value);
+        if self.list.is_empty() {
+            let idx = self.list.push(Elem {
+                vec: vec![value.clone()],
+            });
+
+            if value.is_container() {
+                self.child_container_to_leaf
+                    .insert(value.into_container().unwrap(), idx);
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+
+        let (leaf, data) =
+            self.list
+                .update_leaf_by_search::<LengthFinder>(&index, |elem, cursor| {
+                    if elem.rle_len() < MAX_LEN {
+                        elem.vec.insert(cursor.cursor.offset, value.clone());
+                        Some((1, None, None))
+                    } else {
+                        Some((
+                            1,
+                            Some(Elem {
+                                vec: vec![value.clone()],
+                            }),
+                            None,
+                        ))
+                    }
+                });
+
+        if value.is_container() {
+            self.child_container_to_leaf
+                .insert(value.into_container().unwrap(), leaf.unwrap().leaf);
+        }
+
+        for leaf in data.arr {
+            for v in self.list.get_elem(leaf).unwrap().vec.iter() {
+                if v.is_container() {
+                    self.child_container_to_leaf
+                        .insert(v.as_container().unwrap().clone(), leaf);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         if self.in_txn {
             self.undo_stack.push(UndoItem::Insert { index, len: 1 });
         }
     }
 
     pub fn delete(&mut self, index: usize) {
-        let value = self.list.delete::<LengthFinder>(&index).unwrap();
+        let mut value = None;
+        self.list
+            .update_leaf_by_search::<LengthFinder>(&index, |elem, cursor| {
+                value = Some(elem.vec.remove(cursor.offset()));
+                Some((-1, None, None))
+            });
         if self.in_txn {
-            self.undo_stack.push(UndoItem::Delete { index, value });
+            self.undo_stack.push(UndoItem::Delete {
+                index,
+                value: value.unwrap(),
+            });
         }
     }
 
@@ -210,30 +249,78 @@ impl ListState {
         }
 
         if self.in_txn {
-            for value in self.list.drain::<LengthFinder>(start..end) {
-                self.undo_stack.push(UndoItem::Delete {
-                    index: start,
-                    value,
-                })
+            let self1 = &mut self.list;
+            let q = start..end;
+            let start1 = self1.query::<LengthFinder>(&q.start);
+            let end1 = self1.query::<LengthFinder>(&q.end);
+            for elem in iter::Drain::new(self1, start1, end1) {
+                for value in elem.vec {
+                    self.undo_stack.push(UndoItem::Delete {
+                        index: start,
+                        value,
+                    })
+                }
             }
         } else {
-            self.list.drain::<LengthFinder>(start..end);
+            let self1 = &mut self.list;
+            let q = start..end;
+            let start1 = self1.query::<LengthFinder>(&q.start);
+            let end1 = self1.query::<LengthFinder>(&q.end);
+            iter::Drain::new(self1, start1, end1);
         }
     }
 
     // PERF: use &[LoroValue]
     pub fn insert_batch(&mut self, index: usize, values: Vec<LoroValue>) {
-        let q = self.list.query::<LengthFinder>(&index);
-        let old_len = self.len();
-        self.list.insert_many_by_query_result(&q, values);
+        let (leaf, data) =
+            if self.list.is_empty() {
+                let leaf = self.list.push(Elem {
+                    vec: values.clone(),
+                });
+                (leaf, SplittedLeaves::default())
+            } else {
+                let (cursor , s) = self.list
+                    .update_leaf_by_search::<LengthFinder>(&index, |elem, cursor| {
+                        if elem.rle_len() + values.len() < MAX_LEN {
+                            elem.vec
+                                .splice(cursor.offset()..cursor.offset(), values.clone());
+                            Some((values.len() as isize, None, None))
+                        } else {
+                            Some((
+                                values.len() as isize,
+                                Some(Elem {
+                                    vec: values.clone(),
+                                }),
+                                None,
+                            ))
+                        }
+                    });
+                (cursor.unwrap().leaf, s)
+            };
+
+        for value in values {
+            if let Ok(c) = value.into_container() {
+                self.child_container_to_leaf
+                    .insert(c, leaf);
+            }
+        }
+
+        for leaf in data.arr {
+            for v in self.list.get_elem(leaf).unwrap().vec.iter() {
+                if v.is_container() {
+                    self.child_container_to_leaf
+                        .insert(v.as_container().unwrap().clone(), leaf);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         if self.in_txn {
-            let len = self.len() - old_len;
-            self.undo_stack.push(UndoItem::Insert { index, len });
+            self.undo_stack.push(UndoItem::Insert { index, len: 1 });
         }
     }
 
     pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &LoroValue> {
-        self.list.iter()
+        self.list.iter().map(|x| x.vec.iter()).flatten()
     }
 
     pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
@@ -243,15 +330,15 @@ impl ListState {
     fn to_vec(&self) -> Vec<LoroValue> {
         let mut ans = Vec::with_capacity(self.len());
         for value in self.list.iter() {
-            ans.push(value.clone());
+            ans.extend_from_slice(&value.vec);
         }
         ans
     }
 
     pub fn get(&self, index: usize) -> Option<&LoroValue> {
-        let result = self.list.query::<LengthFinder>(&index);
+        let result = self.list.query::<LengthFinder>(&index)?;
         if result.found {
-            Some(result.elem(&self.list).unwrap())
+            Some(&result.elem(&self.list).unwrap().vec[result.offset()])
         } else {
             None
         }
@@ -399,9 +486,11 @@ impl ContainerState for ListState {
 
     fn get_child_containers(&self) -> Vec<ContainerID> {
         let mut ans = Vec::new();
-        for value in self.list.iter() {
-            if value.is_container() {
-                ans.push(value.as_container().unwrap().clone());
+        for elem in self.list.iter() {
+            for value in elem.vec.iter() {
+                if value.is_container() {
+                    ans.push(value.as_container().unwrap().clone());
+                }
             }
         }
         ans
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/tests/test.rs b/crates/loro-internal/tests/test.rs
index 6bddf8d4b..c31baa7a0 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/tests/test.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/tests/test.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,6 @@
 use loro_common::ID;
 use loro_internal::{version::Frontiers, LoroDoc, ToJson};
 
-#[ctor::ctor]
-fn init_color_backtrace() {
-    color_backtrace::install();
-}
-
 #[test]
 fn import() {
     let doc = LoroDoc::new();
diff --git a/crates/rle/src/rle_tree/test/mod.rs b/crates/rle/src/rle_tree/test/mod.rs
index 17db25d1e..75b585bd6 100644
--- a/crates/rle/src/rle_tree/test/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/rle/src/rle_tree/test/mod.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,4 @@
 mod notify_prop_test;
 mod range_rle_test;
 mod string_prop_test;
-use ctor::ctor;
 
-#[ctor]
-fn init_color_backtrace() {
-    color_backtrace::install();
-}

From 89e468da12c1094b8d3196f27f11345e41dedc67 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zixuan Chen <remch183@outlook.com>
Date: Tue, 3 Oct 2023 11:23:06 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 008/111] feat: fugue tracker

---
 Cargo.lock                                    |   2 -
 crates/loro-internal/Cargo.toml               |   2 +-
 .../src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs  |  12 +-
 .../src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs |   2 +-
 .../src/container/richtext/tracker.rs         |   3 +-
 .../container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs   | 350 +++++++++++++++++-
 .../container/richtext/tracker/fugue_span.rs  | 242 ++++++++++++
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs  |  32 +-
 8 files changed, 621 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/fugue_span.rs

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index c0f89ce06..123090404 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -718,8 +718,6 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "generic-btree"
 version = "0.7.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c6fffeebb255c8f033878911a1e53b44ca5218d426e61ef600740c82abb287c7"
 dependencies = [
  "fxhash",
  "heapless",
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/Cargo.toml b/crates/loro-internal/Cargo.toml
index a7de1ccad..3299d13d6 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/Cargo.toml
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ itertools = "0.10.5"
 enum_dispatch = "0.3.11"
 im = "15.1.0"
 jumprope = { version = "1.1.2", features = ["wchar_conversion"] }
-generic-btree = { version = "0.7.0" }
+generic-btree = { path = "../../../generic-btree" }
 miniz_oxide = "0.7.1"
 getrandom = "0.2.10"
 zerovec = { version = "0.9.4", features = ["serde", "derive"] }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
index 34dcbd1cd..ac4129d24 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 use append_only_bytes::BytesSlice;
 use fxhash::FxHashMap;
-use generic_btree::{rle::{HasLength, Mergeable, Sliceable}, BTree, BTreeTrait, LengthFinder, iter};
+use generic_btree::{
+    iter,
+    rle::{HasLength, Mergeable, Sliceable},
+    BTree, BTreeTrait, LengthFinder,
+};
 use std::{
     borrow::Cow,
     ops::{Add, AddAssign, Range, Sub},
@@ -430,13 +434,13 @@ impl RichtextState {
 
         // Find the start of the range
         let mut iter = if pos == 0 {
-            self.tree.first_full_path()
+            self.tree.start_cursor()
         } else {
             let q = self.tree.query::<UnicodeQuery>(&(pos - 1)).unwrap();
             match self.tree.shift_path_by_one_offset(q.cursor) {
                 Some(x) => x,
                 // If next is None, we know the range is empty, return directly
-                None => return Some(self.tree.last_full_path()),
+                None => return Some(self.tree.end_cursor()),
             }
         };
 
@@ -471,7 +475,7 @@ impl RichtextState {
 
             iter = match self.tree.shift_path_by_one_offset(iter) {
                 Some(x) => x,
-                None => self.tree.last_full_path(),
+                None => self.tree.end_cursor(),
             };
         }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs
index 2041c9e27..d99e238ef 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ impl StyleRangeMap {
                     x.styles.insert(style.key.clone(), style_set);
                 }
 
-                (false, None)
+                None
             });
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs
index 13a853fc1..17bd6ed6b 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
-mod id_to_cursor;
 mod crdt_rope;
+mod fugue_span;
+mod id_to_cursor;
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs
index 23b2513f1..c9a0d9091 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs
@@ -1 +1,349 @@
-//!
\ No newline at end of file
+use super::fugue_span::FugueSpan;
+use generic_btree::{
+    rle::HasLength, BTree, BTreeTrait, FindResult, LeafIndex, Query, SplittedLeaves,
+};
+use loro_common::Counter;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub(super) struct CrdtRope {
+    tree: BTree<CrdtRopeTrait>,
+}
+
+pub(super) struct InsertResult {
+    pub content: FugueSpan,
+    pub leaf: LeafIndex,
+    pub splitted: SplittedLeaves,
+}
+
+impl CrdtRope {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self { tree: BTree::new() }
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.tree.root_cache().len as usize
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub(super) fn tree(&self) -> &BTree<CrdtRopeTrait> {
+        &self.tree
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn insert(&mut self, pos: usize, mut content: FugueSpan) -> InsertResult {
+        if self.tree.is_empty() {
+            assert_eq!(pos, 0);
+            let leaf = self.tree.push(content);
+            return InsertResult {
+                content,
+                leaf,
+                splitted: SplittedLeaves::default(),
+            };
+        }
+
+        let pos = pos as isize;
+        let start = self.tree.query::<ActiveLenQuery>(&pos).unwrap();
+
+        {
+            // calculate origin_left and origin_right
+
+            // `start` may point to a zero len node that's before the active index.
+            let origin_left = if start.cursor.offset == 0 {
+                // get left leaf node if offset == 0, so we can calculate the origin_left
+                if let Some(left) = self.tree.prev_elem(start.cursor) {
+                    let left_node = self.tree.get_leaf(left.leaf.into());
+                    assert!(left_node.elem().rle_len() > 0);
+                    Some(
+                        left_node
+                            .elem()
+                            .id
+                            .inc(left_node.elem().rle_len() as Counter - 1),
+                    )
+                } else {
+                    None
+                }
+            } else {
+                let left_node = self.tree.get_leaf(start.leaf().into());
+                assert!(left_node.elem().rle_len() >= start.offset());
+                Some(left_node.elem().id.inc(start.offset() as Counter - 1))
+            };
+
+            let origin_right = if pos == self.tree.root_cache().len {
+                None
+            } else {
+                let elem = self.tree.get_elem(start.cursor.leaf).unwrap();
+                Some(elem.id.inc(start.offset() as Counter))
+            };
+
+            content.origin_left = origin_left;
+            content.origin_right = origin_right;
+        }
+
+        let (leaf, splitted) = self.tree.insert_by_path(start.cursor, content);
+        InsertResult {
+            content,
+            leaf,
+            splitted,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn delete(
+        &mut self,
+        pos: usize,
+        len: usize,
+        mut notify_deleted_span: impl FnMut(FugueSpan),
+    ) -> SplittedLeaves {
+        let start = self.tree.query::<ActiveLenQuery>(&(pos as isize)).unwrap();
+        let end = self
+            .tree
+            .query::<ActiveLenQuery>(&((pos + len) as isize))
+            .unwrap();
+        self.tree.update(start.cursor()..end.cursor(), &mut |elem| {
+            if elem.is_activated() {
+                notify_deleted_span(*elem);
+                elem.status.delete_times += 1;
+            }
+
+            None
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn apply(&mut self) {}
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub(super) struct CrdtRopeTrait;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Copy)]
+pub(super) struct Cache {
+    pub(super) len: isize,
+    // TODO: consider adding a 'changed_num' field
+}
+
+impl BTreeTrait for CrdtRopeTrait {
+    type Elem = FugueSpan;
+
+    type Cache = Cache;
+
+    type CacheDiff = Cache;
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn calc_cache_internal(
+        cache: &mut Self::Cache,
+        caches: &[generic_btree::Child<Self>],
+    ) -> Self::CacheDiff {
+        let ans = caches.iter().map(|x| x.cache.len).sum();
+        let diff = ans - cache.len;
+        cache.len = ans;
+        Cache { len: diff }
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn apply_cache_diff(cache: &mut Self::Cache, diff: &Self::CacheDiff) {
+        cache.len += diff.len;
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn merge_cache_diff(diff1: &mut Self::CacheDiff, diff2: &Self::CacheDiff) {
+        diff1.len += diff2.len;
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn get_elem_cache(elem: &Self::Elem) -> Self::Cache {
+        Cache {
+            len: elem.activated_len() as isize,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn new_cache_to_diff(cache: &Self::Cache) -> Self::CacheDiff {
+        *cache
+    }
+}
+
+/// Query for start position, prefer left.
+///
+/// If there are zero length spans (deleted, or spans from future) before the
+/// active index, the query will return the position of the first non-zero length
+/// content.
+struct ActiveLenQuery {
+    left: isize,
+}
+
+impl Query<CrdtRopeTrait> for ActiveLenQuery {
+    type QueryArg = isize;
+
+    fn init(target: &Self::QueryArg) -> Self {
+        debug_assert!(*target >= 0);
+        ActiveLenQuery { left: *target }
+    }
+
+    fn find_node(
+        &mut self,
+        _: &Self::QueryArg,
+        child_caches: &[generic_btree::Child<CrdtRopeTrait>],
+    ) -> generic_btree::FindResult {
+        let mut left = self.left;
+        for (i, child) in child_caches.iter().enumerate() {
+            let cache = &child.cache;
+            if (cache.len == 0 && left == 0) || left < cache.len {
+                // Prefer left. So if both `cache.len` and `left` equal zero, return here.
+                self.left = left;
+                return generic_btree::FindResult::new_found(i, left as usize);
+            }
+
+            left -= cache.len;
+        }
+
+        if let Some(last) = child_caches.last() {
+            left += last.cache.len;
+            self.left = left;
+            FindResult::new_missing(child_caches.len() - 1, left as usize)
+        } else {
+            // TODO: this should be imppssible
+            unreachable!()
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn confirm_elem(
+        &self,
+        _: &Self::QueryArg,
+        elem: &<CrdtRopeTrait as BTreeTrait>::Elem,
+    ) -> (usize, bool) {
+        if elem.is_activated() {
+            (self.left as usize, (self.left as usize) < elem.rle_len())
+        } else {
+            // prefer left on zero length spans
+            (0, self.left == 0)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use std::ops::Range;
+
+    use loro_common::{Counter, PeerID, ID};
+
+    use crate::container::richtext::tracker::fugue_span::Content;
+
+    use super::*;
+
+    fn span(id: u32, range: Range<u32>) -> FugueSpan {
+        FugueSpan::new(
+            ID::new(id as PeerID, 0 as Counter),
+            Content::new_text(range),
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn unknown_span(id: u32, len: usize) -> FugueSpan {
+        FugueSpan::new(
+            ID::new(id as PeerID, 0 as Counter),
+            Content::new_unknown(len as u32),
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn dead_span(id: u32, range: Range<u32>) -> FugueSpan {
+        let mut span = FugueSpan::new(
+            ID::new(id as PeerID, 0 as Counter),
+            Content::new_text(range),
+        );
+
+        span.status.delete_times += 1;
+        span
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn len_test() {
+        let mut rope = CrdtRope::new();
+        rope.insert(0, span(0, 0..10));
+        assert_eq!(rope.len(), 10);
+        rope.insert(5, span(1, 0..10));
+        assert_eq!(rope.len(), 20);
+        rope.insert(20, span(1, 0..10));
+        assert_eq!(rope.len(), 30);
+        for i in 3..30 {
+            assert_eq!(rope.len(), i * 10);
+            rope.insert(i, span(i as u32, i as u32 * 10..(i as u32 + 1) * 10));
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn content_insert_middle() {
+        let mut rope = CrdtRope::new();
+        rope.insert(0, span(0, 0..10));
+        rope.insert(5, span(1, 10..20));
+        let arr: Vec<_> = rope.tree.iter().collect();
+        assert_eq!(arr.len(), 3);
+        assert_eq!(arr[0].rle_len(), 5);
+        assert_eq!(arr[1].rle_len(), 10);
+        assert_eq!(arr[2].rle_len(), 5);
+
+        assert_eq!(arr[0].id.counter, 0);
+        assert_eq!(arr[0].id.peer, 0);
+        assert_eq!(arr[1].id.counter, 0);
+        assert_eq!(arr[1].id.peer, 1);
+        assert_eq!(arr[2].id.counter, 5);
+        assert_eq!(arr[2].id.peer, 0);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn content_insert_should_ignore_tombstone() {
+        let mut rope = CrdtRope::new();
+        rope.insert(0, span(0, 0..10));
+        // 0..10
+
+        rope.insert(5, dead_span(1, 10..20));
+        // 0..5, 10..20(dead), 5..10
+
+        rope.insert(10, span(0, 20..30));
+        // 0..5, 10..20(dead), 5..10, 20..30
+
+        let arr: Vec<_> = rope.tree.iter().collect();
+        assert_eq!(arr.len(), 4);
+        assert_eq!(arr[0].rle_len(), 5);
+        assert_eq!(arr[1].rle_len(), 10);
+        assert_eq!(arr[1].activated_len(), 0);
+        assert_eq!(arr[2].rle_len(), 5);
+        assert_eq!(arr[3].rle_len(), 10);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn get_origin_left_and_right() {
+        let mut rope = CrdtRope::new();
+        rope.insert(0, span(0, 0..10));
+        let fugue = rope.insert(5, span(1, 10..20)).content;
+        assert_eq!(fugue.origin_left, Some(ID::new(0, 4)));
+        assert_eq!(fugue.origin_right, Some(ID::new(0, 5)));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[ignore]
+    fn should_ignore_deleted_spans_when_getting_origin_left() {
+        todo!()
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[ignore]
+    fn should_not_ignore_deleted_spans_when_getting_origin_right() {
+        todo!()
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[ignore]
+    fn should_ignore_future_spans_when_getting_origin_left() {
+        todo!()
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[ignore]
+    fn delete() {
+        todo!()
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[ignore]
+    fn delete_twice() {
+        todo!()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/fugue_span.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/fugue_span.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5b5d23cc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/fugue_span.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+use std::ops::Range;
+
+use generic_btree::rle::{HasLength, Mergeable, Sliceable};
+use loro_common::{Counter, HasId, ID};
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Copy)]
+pub(super) struct Content {
+    pub(crate) end: u32,
+    pub(crate) start: u32,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Copy)]
+pub(super) enum ContentKind {
+    Text,
+    Symbol,
+    Unknown,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub(super) enum ContentValue {
+    Text(Range<u32>),
+    Symbol(u32),
+    Unknown(u32),
+}
+
+impl Content {
+    pub(crate) const UNKOWN_START: u32 = u32::MAX;
+    pub(crate) const SYMBOL_START: u32 = u32::MAX - 1;
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn new_text(range: Range<u32>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            start: range.start,
+            end: range.end,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn new_symbol(idx: u32) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            start: Self::SYMBOL_START,
+            end: idx,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn new_unknown(len: u32) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            start: Self::UNKOWN_START,
+            end: len,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn kind(&self) -> ContentKind {
+        match self.start {
+            Self::SYMBOL_START => ContentKind::Symbol,
+            Self::UNKOWN_START => ContentKind::Unknown,
+            _ => ContentKind::Text,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
+        match self.start {
+            Self::UNKOWN_START | Self::SYMBOL_START => 1,
+            _ => (self.end - self.start) as usize,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn value(&self) -> ContentValue {
+        match self.start {
+            Self::UNKOWN_START => ContentValue::Unknown(self.end),
+            Self::SYMBOL_START => ContentValue::Symbol(self.end),
+            _ => ContentValue::Text(self.start..self.end),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Mergeable for Content {
+    fn can_merge(&self, rhs: &Self) -> bool {
+        match (self.kind(), rhs.kind()) {
+            (ContentKind::Text, ContentKind::Text) => self.end == rhs.start,
+            (ContentKind::Unknown, ContentKind::Unknown) => true,
+            _ => false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn merge_right(&mut self, rhs: &Self) {
+        match (self.kind(), rhs.kind()) {
+            (ContentKind::Text, ContentKind::Text) => self.end = rhs.end,
+            (ContentKind::Unknown, ContentKind::Unknown) => self.end += rhs.end,
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn merge_left(&mut self, left: &Self) {
+        match (self.kind(), left.kind()) {
+            (ContentKind::Text, ContentKind::Text) => self.start = left.start,
+            (ContentKind::Unknown, ContentKind::Unknown) => self.end += left.end,
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl HasLength for Content {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn rle_len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.len()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Sliceable for Content {
+    fn _slice(&self, range: Range<usize>) -> Self {
+        match self.kind() {
+            ContentKind::Text => {
+                assert!(range.len() <= self.len());
+                Self {
+                    start: self.start + range.start as u32,
+                    end: self.start + range.end as u32,
+                }
+            }
+            ContentKind::Symbol => {
+                assert!(range.len() == 1);
+                *self
+            }
+            ContentKind::Unknown => {
+                assert!(range.len() <= self.len());
+                Self {
+                    start: Self::UNKOWN_START,
+                    end: range.len() as u32,
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Copy)]
+pub(super) struct FugueSpan {
+    pub id: ID,
+    /// The status at the current version
+    pub status: Status,
+    /// The status at the `after` version
+    /// It's used when calculating diff
+    pub after_status: Option<Status>,
+    pub origin_left: Option<ID>,
+    pub origin_right: Option<ID>,
+    pub content: Content,
+}
+
+impl Sliceable for FugueSpan {
+    fn _slice(&self, range: Range<usize>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            id: self.id.inc(range.start as Counter),
+            status: self.status,
+            after_status: self.after_status,
+            origin_left: if range.start == 0 {
+                self.origin_left
+            } else {
+                Some(self.id.inc((range.start - 1) as Counter))
+            },
+            origin_right: self.origin_right,
+            content: self.content._slice(range),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl HasLength for FugueSpan {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn rle_len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.content.len()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Mergeable for FugueSpan {
+    fn can_merge(&self, rhs: &Self) -> bool {
+        self.id.peer == rhs.id.peer
+            && self.status == rhs.status
+            && self.after_status == rhs.after_status
+            && Some(self.id) == rhs.origin_left
+            && self.id.counter + self.content.len() as Counter == rhs.id.counter
+            && self.origin_right == rhs.origin_right
+            && self.content.can_merge(&rhs.content)
+    }
+
+    fn merge_right(&mut self, rhs: &Self) {
+        self.content.merge_right(&rhs.content);
+    }
+
+    fn merge_left(&mut self, left: &Self) {
+        self.id = left.id;
+        self.content.merge_left(&left.content);
+    }
+}
+
+impl FugueSpan {
+    pub fn new(id: ID, content: Content) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            id,
+            status: Status::default(),
+            after_status: None,
+            origin_left: None,
+            origin_right: None,
+            content,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn is_activated(&self) -> bool {
+        self.status.is_activated()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn activated_len(&self) -> usize {
+        if self.is_activated() {
+            self.content.len()
+        } else {
+            0
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl HasId for FugueSpan {
+    fn id_start(&self) -> ID {
+        self.id
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Default, Hash, Copy)]
+pub(super) struct Status {
+    /// is this span from a future operation
+    pub future: bool,
+    pub delete_times: u16,
+}
+
+impl Status {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn is_activated(&self) -> bool {
+        self.delete_times == 0 && !self.future
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs
index a6eebff93..edcb44551 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ use std::{
     sync::{Arc, Mutex},
 };
 
+use super::ContainerState;
 use crate::{
     arena::SharedArena,
     container::{idx::ContainerIdx, ContainerID},
@@ -13,8 +14,12 @@ use crate::{
 };
 use debug_log::debug_dbg;
 use fxhash::FxHashMap;
-use generic_btree::{rle::{HasLength, Mergeable, Sliceable}, ArenaIndex, BTree, BTreeTrait, Cursor, LeafIndex, LengthFinder, QueryResult, UseLengthFinder, iter, SplittedLeaves};
-use super::ContainerState;
+use generic_btree::{
+    iter,
+    rle::{HasLength, Mergeable, Sliceable},
+    ArenaIndex, BTree, BTreeTrait, Cursor, LeafIndex, LengthFinder, QueryResult, SplittedLeaves,
+    UseLengthFinder,
+};
 
 type ContainerMapping = Arc<Mutex<FxHashMap<ContainerID, ArenaIndex>>>;
 
@@ -272,14 +277,14 @@ impl ListState {
 
     // PERF: use &[LoroValue]
     pub fn insert_batch(&mut self, index: usize, values: Vec<LoroValue>) {
-        let (leaf, data) =
-            if self.list.is_empty() {
-                let leaf = self.list.push(Elem {
-                    vec: values.clone(),
-                });
-                (leaf, SplittedLeaves::default())
-            } else {
-                let (cursor , s) = self.list
+        let (leaf, data) = if self.list.is_empty() {
+            let leaf = self.list.push(Elem {
+                vec: values.clone(),
+            });
+            (leaf, SplittedLeaves::default())
+        } else {
+            let (cursor, s) =
+                self.list
                     .update_leaf_by_search::<LengthFinder>(&index, |elem, cursor| {
                         if elem.rle_len() + values.len() < MAX_LEN {
                             elem.vec
@@ -295,13 +300,12 @@ impl ListState {
                             ))
                         }
                     });
-                (cursor.unwrap().leaf, s)
-            };
+            (cursor.unwrap().leaf, s)
+        };
 
         for value in values {
             if let Ok(c) = value.into_container() {
-                self.child_container_to_leaf
-                    .insert(c, leaf);
+                self.child_container_to_leaf.insert(c, leaf);
             }
         }
 

From a4d3aab3ab3256bc8df8a539ccaa1ac70af54d7a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zixuan Chen <remch183@outlook.com>
Date: Wed, 4 Oct 2023 21:35:19 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 009/111] feat: tracker

---
 .../src/container/richtext/tracker.rs         |  61 ++++
 .../container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs   | 320 +++++++++++++++---
 .../container/richtext/tracker/fugue_span.rs  |  15 +-
 .../richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs          | 225 ++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 579 insertions(+), 42 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs
index 17bd6ed6b..c3a4ffcb6 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,64 @@
+use generic_btree::SplittedLeaves;
+use loro_common::{Counter, IdSpan, PeerID, ID};
+
+use self::{
+    crdt_rope::CrdtRope,
+    fugue_span::{Content, FugueSpan},
+    id_to_cursor::IdToCursor,
+};
+
 mod crdt_rope;
 mod fugue_span;
 mod id_to_cursor;
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub(crate) struct Tracker {
+    rope: CrdtRope,
+    id_to_cursor: IdToCursor,
+}
+
+impl Tracker {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        let mut this = Self {
+            rope: CrdtRope::new(),
+            id_to_cursor: IdToCursor::default(),
+        };
+
+        this.insert(
+            0,
+            fugue_span::FugueSpan::new(ID::new(PeerID::MAX, 0), Content::new_unknown(u32::MAX / 2)),
+        );
+        this
+    }
+
+    fn insert(&mut self, pos: usize, span: FugueSpan) {
+        let result = self
+            .rope
+            .insert(pos, span, |id| self.id_to_cursor.get_insert(id).unwrap());
+        self.id_to_cursor.push(
+            span.id,
+            id_to_cursor::Cursor::new_insert(result.leaf, span.content.len()),
+        );
+
+        self.update_insert_by_split(result.splitted);
+    }
+
+    fn update_insert_by_split(&mut self, split: SplittedLeaves) {
+        for new_leaf_idx in split.arr {
+            let leaf = self.rope.tree().get_elem(new_leaf_idx).unwrap();
+            self.id_to_cursor
+                .update_insert(leaf.id_span(), new_leaf_idx)
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn delete(&mut self, op_id: ID, pos: usize, len: usize) {
+        let mut cur_id = op_id;
+        let splitted = self.rope.delete(pos, len, |span| {
+            self.id_to_cursor
+                .push(cur_id, id_to_cursor::Cursor::Delete(span.id_span()));
+            cur_id = cur_id.inc(span.content.len() as Counter);
+        });
+
+        self.update_insert_by_split(splitted)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs
index c9a0d9091..2de5dca9a 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,15 @@
-use super::fugue_span::FugueSpan;
+use std::cmp::Ordering;
+
+use super::fugue_span::{FugueSpan, Status};
+use fxhash::FxHashSet;
 use generic_btree::{
-    rle::HasLength, BTree, BTreeTrait, FindResult, LeafIndex, Query, SplittedLeaves,
+    rle::{HasLength, Sliceable},
+    BTree, BTreeTrait, Cursor, FindResult, LeafIndex, Query, SplittedLeaves,
 };
-use loro_common::Counter;
+use loro_common::{Counter, HasCounter, HasCounterSpan, HasIdSpan, IdSpan, ID};
+use smallvec::SmallVec;
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
 pub(super) struct CrdtRope {
     tree: BTree<CrdtRopeTrait>,
 }
@@ -30,7 +35,12 @@ impl CrdtRope {
         &self.tree
     }
 
-    pub(super) fn insert(&mut self, pos: usize, mut content: FugueSpan) -> InsertResult {
+    pub(super) fn insert(
+        &mut self,
+        pos: usize,
+        mut content: FugueSpan,
+        find_elem: impl Fn(ID) -> LeafIndex,
+    ) -> InsertResult {
         if self.tree.is_empty() {
             assert_eq!(pos, 0);
             let leaf = self.tree.push(content);
@@ -44,8 +54,9 @@ impl CrdtRope {
         let pos = pos as isize;
         let start = self.tree.query::<ActiveLenQuery>(&pos).unwrap();
 
-        {
+        let (parent_right, parent_right_leaf, in_between) = {
             // calculate origin_left and origin_right
+            // origin_left is the alive op at `pos-1`, origin_right is the first non-future op between `pos-1` and `pos`.
 
             // `start` may point to a zero len node that's before the active index.
             let origin_left = if start.cursor.offset == 0 {
@@ -68,18 +79,124 @@ impl CrdtRope {
                 Some(left_node.elem().id.inc(start.offset() as Counter - 1))
             };
 
-            let origin_right = if pos == self.tree.root_cache().len {
-                None
+            let (origin_right, parent_right, parent_right_leaf, in_between) = if pos
+                == self.tree.root_cache().len
+            {
+                (None, None, None, Vec::new())
             } else {
-                let elem = self.tree.get_elem(start.cursor.leaf).unwrap();
-                Some(elem.id.inc(start.offset() as Counter))
+                let mut in_between = Vec::new();
+                let mut origin_right = None;
+                let mut parent_right = None;
+                let mut parent_right_idx = None;
+                for iter in self.tree.iter_range(start.cursor..) {
+                    if !iter.elem.status.future {
+                        origin_right = Some(iter.elem.id.inc(iter.start.unwrap_or(0) as Counter));
+                        parent_right = match iter.start {
+                            Some(_) => {
+                                // It's guaranted that origin_right's origin_left == this.origin_left.
+                                // Because the first non-future node is just the leaf node in `start.cursor` node (iter.start.is_some())
+                                // Thus parent_right = origin_right
+                                Some(origin_right)
+                            }
+                            _ => {
+                                // Otherwise, we need to test whether origin_right's origin_left == this.origin_left
+                                if iter.elem.origin_left == origin_left {
+                                    Some(origin_right)
+                                } else {
+                                    None
+                                }
+                            }
+                        };
+                        parent_right_idx = parent_right.map(|_| iter.cursor().leaf);
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    // elem must be from future
+                    in_between.push((iter.cursor().leaf, *iter.elem));
+                }
+
+                (origin_right, parent_right, parent_right_idx, in_between)
             };
 
             content.origin_left = origin_left;
             content.origin_right = origin_right;
+            (parent_right, parent_right_leaf, in_between)
+        };
+
+        let mut insert_pos = start.cursor;
+
+        if !in_between.is_empty() {
+            // find insert pos
+            let mut scanning = false;
+            let mut visited: SmallVec<[IdSpan; 4]> = Default::default();
+            for (i, (other_leaf, other_elem)) in in_between.iter().enumerate() {
+                let other_orign_left = other_elem.origin_left;
+                if other_orign_left
+                    .map(|left| visited.iter().all(|x| !x.contains_id(left)))
+                    .unwrap_or(true)
+                    && other_orign_left != content.origin_left
+                {
+                    // The other_elem's origin_left must be at the left side of content's origin_left.
+                    // So the content must be at the left side of other_elem.
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                visited.push(IdSpan::new(
+                    other_elem.id.peer,
+                    other_elem.id.counter,
+                    other_elem.id.counter + other_elem.rle_len() as Counter,
+                ));
+
+                if content.origin_left == other_orign_left {
+                    if other_elem.origin_right == content.origin_right {
+                        // Same right parent
+                        if other_elem.id.peer > content.id.peer {
+                            break;
+                        } else {
+                            scanning = false;
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        // Different right parent, we need to compare the right parents' position
+
+                        let other_parent_right_idx =
+                            if let Some(other_origin_right) = other_elem.origin_right {
+                                let elem_idx = find_elem(other_origin_right);
+                                let elem = self.tree.get_elem(elem_idx).unwrap();
+                                // It must be the start of the elem
+                                assert_eq!(elem.id, other_origin_right);
+                                if elem.origin_left == content.origin_left {
+                                    Some(elem_idx)
+                                } else {
+                                    None
+                                }
+                            } else {
+                                None
+                            };
+
+                        match self.cmp_pos(parent_right_leaf, other_parent_right_idx) {
+                            Ordering::Less => {
+                                scanning = true;
+                            }
+                            Ordering::Equal if content.id.peer > other_elem.id.peer => {
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            _ => {
+                                scanning = false;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if !scanning {
+                    insert_pos = Cursor {
+                        leaf: *other_leaf,
+                        offset: other_elem.rle_len(),
+                    };
+                }
+            }
         }
 
-        let (leaf, splitted) = self.tree.insert_by_path(start.cursor, content);
+        let (leaf, splitted) = self.tree.insert_by_path(insert_pos, content);
         InsertResult {
             content,
             leaf,
@@ -102,13 +219,65 @@ impl CrdtRope {
             if elem.is_activated() {
                 notify_deleted_span(*elem);
                 elem.status.delete_times += 1;
+                Some(Cache {
+                    len: -(elem.rle_len() as isize),
+                })
+            } else {
+                None
             }
-
-            None
         })
     }
 
-    pub(super) fn apply(&mut self) {}
+    /// Update the leaf with given `id_span`
+    ///
+    /// Return the new leaf indexes that are created by splitting the old leaf nodes
+    pub(super) fn update(&mut self, updates: &[LeafUpdate]) -> Vec<LeafIndex> {
+        let mut ans = Vec::new();
+        // TODO: this method can be optimized by batching the updates
+        for update in updates {
+            let (_, splitted) = self.tree.update_leaf(update.leaf, |elem| {
+                let start = update.id_span.ctr_start() - elem.id.counter;
+                let end = update.id_span.ctr_end() - elem.id.counter;
+                let mut diff = 0;
+                let (a, b) = elem.update_with_split(start as usize..end as usize, |elem| {
+                    let was_active = elem.is_activated();
+                    update.apply_to(&mut elem.status);
+                    match (was_active, elem.is_activated()) {
+                        (true, false) => {
+                            diff -= elem.rle_len() as isize;
+                        }
+                        (false, true) => {
+                            diff += elem.rle_len() as isize;
+                        }
+                        _ => {}
+                    }
+                });
+
+                (true, Some(Cache { len: diff }), a, b)
+            });
+
+            for s in splitted.arr {
+                ans.push(s);
+            }
+        }
+
+        ans
+    }
+
+    fn cmp_pos(
+        &self,
+        parent_right: Option<LeafIndex>,
+        other_parent_right: Option<LeafIndex>,
+    ) -> Ordering {
+        match (parent_right, other_parent_right) {
+            (Some(a), Some(b)) => self
+                .tree
+                .compare_pos(Cursor { leaf: a, offset: 0 }, Cursor { leaf: b, offset: 0 }),
+            (Some(_), None) => Ordering::Less,
+            (None, Some(_)) => Ordering::Greater,
+            (None, None) => Ordering::Equal,
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
@@ -219,6 +388,26 @@ impl Query<CrdtRopeTrait> for ActiveLenQuery {
     }
 }
 
+/// This struct describe the ways to update a leaf's status
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Copy)]
+pub(super) struct LeafUpdate {
+    pub leaf: LeafIndex,
+    /// `id_span` should only contains a subset of the leaf content
+    pub id_span: IdSpan,
+    /// if `set_future` is `None`, the `future` field will not be changed
+    pub set_future: Option<bool>,
+    pub delete_times_diff: i16,
+}
+
+impl LeafUpdate {
+    fn apply_to(&self, s: &mut Status) {
+        s.delete_times += self.delete_times_diff;
+        if let Some(f) = self.set_future {
+            s.future = f;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test {
     use std::ops::Range;
@@ -243,6 +432,16 @@ mod test {
         )
     }
 
+    fn future_span(id: u32, range: Range<u32>) -> FugueSpan {
+        let mut fugue = FugueSpan::new(
+            ID::new(id as PeerID, 0 as Counter),
+            Content::new_text(range),
+        );
+
+        fugue.status.future = true;
+        fugue
+    }
+
     fn dead_span(id: u32, range: Range<u32>) -> FugueSpan {
         let mut span = FugueSpan::new(
             ID::new(id as PeerID, 0 as Counter),
@@ -256,23 +455,27 @@ mod test {
     #[test]
     fn len_test() {
         let mut rope = CrdtRope::new();
-        rope.insert(0, span(0, 0..10));
+        rope.insert(0, span(0, 0..10), |_| panic!());
         assert_eq!(rope.len(), 10);
-        rope.insert(5, span(1, 0..10));
+        rope.insert(5, span(1, 0..10), |_| panic!());
         assert_eq!(rope.len(), 20);
-        rope.insert(20, span(1, 0..10));
+        rope.insert(20, span(1, 0..10), |_| panic!());
         assert_eq!(rope.len(), 30);
         for i in 3..30 {
             assert_eq!(rope.len(), i * 10);
-            rope.insert(i, span(i as u32, i as u32 * 10..(i as u32 + 1) * 10));
+            rope.insert(
+                i,
+                span(i as u32, i as u32 * 10..(i as u32 + 1) * 10),
+                |_| panic!(),
+            );
         }
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn content_insert_middle() {
         let mut rope = CrdtRope::new();
-        rope.insert(0, span(0, 0..10));
-        rope.insert(5, span(1, 10..20));
+        rope.insert(0, span(0, 0..10), |_| panic!());
+        rope.insert(5, span(1, 10..20), |_| panic!());
         let arr: Vec<_> = rope.tree.iter().collect();
         assert_eq!(arr.len(), 3);
         assert_eq!(arr[0].rle_len(), 5);
@@ -290,13 +493,13 @@ mod test {
     #[test]
     fn content_insert_should_ignore_tombstone() {
         let mut rope = CrdtRope::new();
-        rope.insert(0, span(0, 0..10));
+        rope.insert(0, span(0, 0..10), |_| panic!());
         // 0..10
 
-        rope.insert(5, dead_span(1, 10..20));
+        rope.insert(5, dead_span(1, 10..20), |_| panic!());
         // 0..5, 10..20(dead), 5..10
 
-        rope.insert(10, span(0, 20..30));
+        rope.insert(10, span(0, 20..30), |_| panic!());
         // 0..5, 10..20(dead), 5..10, 20..30
 
         let arr: Vec<_> = rope.tree.iter().collect();
@@ -311,39 +514,76 @@ mod test {
     #[test]
     fn get_origin_left_and_right() {
         let mut rope = CrdtRope::new();
-        rope.insert(0, span(0, 0..10));
-        let fugue = rope.insert(5, span(1, 10..20)).content;
+        rope.insert(0, span(0, 0..10), |_| panic!());
+        let fugue = rope.insert(5, span(1, 10..20), |_| panic!()).content;
         assert_eq!(fugue.origin_left, Some(ID::new(0, 4)));
         assert_eq!(fugue.origin_right, Some(ID::new(0, 5)));
     }
 
     #[test]
-    #[ignore]
-    fn should_ignore_deleted_spans_when_getting_origin_left() {
-        todo!()
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    #[ignore]
-    fn should_not_ignore_deleted_spans_when_getting_origin_right() {
-        todo!()
+    fn get_origin_left_and_right_among_tombstones() {
+        let mut rope = CrdtRope::new();
+        rope.insert(0, span(0, 0..10), |_| panic!());
+        assert_eq!(rope.len(), 10);
+        rope.delete(5, 2, |_| {});
+        assert_eq!(rope.len(), 8);
+        let fugue = rope.insert(6, span(1, 10..20), |_| panic!()).content;
+        assert_eq!(fugue.origin_left, Some(ID::new(0, 7)));
+        assert_eq!(fugue.origin_right, Some(ID::new(0, 8)));
+        let fugue = rope.insert(5, span(1, 10..11), |_| panic!()).content;
+        assert_eq!(fugue.origin_left, Some(ID::new(0, 4)));
+        assert_eq!(fugue.origin_right, Some(ID::new(0, 5)));
     }
 
     #[test]
-    #[ignore]
     fn should_ignore_future_spans_when_getting_origin_left() {
-        todo!()
+        {
+            // insert future
+            let mut rope = CrdtRope::new();
+            rope.insert(0, span(0, 0..10), |_| panic!());
+            rope.insert(5, future_span(1, 10..20), |_| panic!());
+            let fugue = rope.insert(5, span(1, 10..20), |_| panic!()).content;
+            assert_eq!(fugue.origin_left, Some(ID::new(0, 4)));
+            assert_eq!(fugue.origin_right, Some(ID::new(0, 5)));
+        }
+        {
+            // insert deleted
+            let mut rope = CrdtRope::new();
+            rope.insert(0, span(0, 0..10), |_| panic!());
+            rope.insert(5, dead_span(1, 10..20), |_| panic!());
+            let fugue = rope.insert(5, span(1, 10..20), |_| panic!()).content;
+            assert_eq!(fugue.origin_left, Some(ID::new(0, 4)));
+            assert_eq!(fugue.origin_right, Some(ID::new(1, 0)));
+        }
     }
 
     #[test]
-    #[ignore]
-    fn delete() {
-        todo!()
+    fn update() {
+        let mut rope = CrdtRope::new();
+        let result = rope.insert(0, span(0, 0..10), |_| panic!());
+        let split = rope.update(&[LeafUpdate {
+            leaf: result.leaf,
+            id_span: IdSpan::new(0, 2, 8),
+            set_future: None,
+            delete_times_diff: 1,
+        }]);
+
+        assert_eq!(rope.len(), 4);
+        assert_eq!(split.len(), 2);
+        let split = rope.update(&[LeafUpdate {
+            leaf: split[0],
+            id_span: IdSpan::new(0, 2, 8),
+            set_future: None,
+            delete_times_diff: -1,
+        }]);
+
+        assert_eq!(rope.len(), 10);
+        assert_eq!(split.len(), 0);
     }
 
     #[test]
     #[ignore]
-    fn delete_twice() {
+    fn checkout() {
         todo!()
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/fugue_span.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/fugue_span.rs
index 5b5d23cc4..426b2f323 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/fugue_span.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/fugue_span.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use std::ops::Range;
 
 use generic_btree::rle::{HasLength, Mergeable, Sliceable};
-use loro_common::{Counter, HasId, ID};
+use loro_common::{Counter, HasId, IdSpan, ID};
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Copy)]
 pub(super) struct Content {
@@ -149,6 +149,17 @@ pub(super) struct FugueSpan {
     pub content: Content,
 }
 
+impl FugueSpan {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn id_span(&self) -> IdSpan {
+        IdSpan::new(
+            self.id.peer,
+            self.id.counter,
+            self.id.counter + self.content.len() as Counter,
+        )
+    }
+}
+
 impl Sliceable for FugueSpan {
     fn _slice(&self, range: Range<usize>) -> Self {
         Self {
@@ -231,7 +242,7 @@ impl HasId for FugueSpan {
 pub(super) struct Status {
     /// is this span from a future operation
     pub future: bool,
-    pub delete_times: u16,
+    pub delete_times: i16,
 }
 
 impl Status {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs
index e69de29bb..3a12c4f1b 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+use fxhash::FxHashMap;
+use generic_btree::{
+    rle::{HasLength, Mergeable},
+    LeafIndex,
+};
+use loro_common::{Counter, IdSpan, PeerID, ID};
+use rle::{HasLength as RHasLength, Mergable as RMergeable};
+use smallvec::smallvec;
+use smallvec::SmallVec;
+use std::collections::BTreeSet;
+
+const MAX_FRAGMENT_LEN: usize = 256;
+
+/// This struct maintains the mapping of Op `ID` to
+///
+/// - `LeafIndex` from crdt_rope, if the Op is an Insert
+/// - The IdSpan deleted by the Op, if the Op is a Delete
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+pub(super) struct IdToCursor {
+    map: FxHashMap<PeerID, Vec<Fragment>>,
+}
+
+impl IdToCursor {
+    pub fn push(&mut self, id: ID, cursor: Cursor) {
+        let list = self.map.entry(id.peer).or_default();
+        if let Some(last) = list.last_mut() {
+            assert_eq!(last.counter + last.cursor.rle_len() as Counter, id.counter);
+            if last.cursor.can_merge(&cursor) && last.cursor.rle_len() < MAX_FRAGMENT_LEN {
+                last.cursor.merge_right(&cursor);
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        list.push(Fragment {
+            counter: id.counter,
+            cursor,
+        });
+    }
+
+    /// Update the given id_span to the new_leaf
+    ///
+    /// id_span should be within the same `Cursor` and should be a `Insert`
+    pub fn update_insert(&mut self, id_span: IdSpan, new_leaf: LeafIndex) {
+        let list = self.map.get_mut(&id_span.client_id).unwrap();
+        let index = match list.binary_search_by_key(&id_span.counter.start, |x| x.counter) {
+            Ok(index) => index,
+            Err(index) => index - 1,
+        };
+
+        let fragment = &mut list[index];
+
+        fragment.cursor.set_insert(
+            (id_span.counter.start - fragment.counter) as usize,
+            (id_span.counter.end - fragment.counter) as usize,
+            new_leaf,
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn iter(&self, id_span: IdSpan) -> impl Iterator<Item = &Fragment> + '_ {
+        let list = self.map.get(&id_span.client_id).unwrap();
+        let index = match list.binary_search_by_key(&id_span.counter.start, |x| x.counter) {
+            Ok(index) => index,
+            Err(index) => index - 1,
+        };
+
+        list[index..]
+            .iter()
+            .take_while(move |x| x.counter < id_span.counter.end)
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_insert(&self, id: ID) -> Option<LeafIndex> {
+        let list = self.map.get(&id.peer)?;
+        let index = match list.binary_search_by_key(&id.counter, |x| x.counter) {
+            Ok(index) => index,
+            Err(index) => index - 1,
+        };
+
+        list[index]
+            .cursor
+            .get_insert((id.counter - list[index].counter) as usize)
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub(super) struct Fragment {
+    pub(super) counter: Counter,
+    pub(super) cursor: Cursor,
+}
+
+impl PartialEq for Fragment {
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        self.counter == other.counter
+    }
+}
+
+impl Eq for Fragment {}
+
+impl PartialOrd for Fragment {
+    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<std::cmp::Ordering> {
+        self.counter.partial_cmp(&other.counter)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Ord for Fragment {
+    fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> std::cmp::Ordering {
+        self.counter.cmp(&other.counter)
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub(super) enum Cursor {
+    Insert {
+        set: SmallVec<[Insert; 1]>,
+        len: u32,
+    },
+    Delete(IdSpan),
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub(super) struct Insert {
+    leaf: LeafIndex,
+    len: u32,
+}
+
+impl Cursor {
+    pub fn new_insert(leaf: LeafIndex, len: usize) -> Self {
+        Self::Insert {
+            set: smallvec![Insert {
+                leaf,
+                len: len as u32
+            }],
+            len: len as u32,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_delete(id_span: IdSpan) -> Self {
+        Self::Delete(id_span)
+    }
+
+    fn set_insert(&mut self, from: usize, to: usize, new_leaf: LeafIndex) {
+        match self {
+            Self::Insert { set, len } => {
+                let mut index = 0;
+                let mut pos = usize::MAX;
+                for (i, insert) in set.iter_mut().enumerate() {
+                    if index + insert.len as usize > from {
+                        pos = i;
+                        insert.len -= (to - from) as u32;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    index += insert.len as usize;
+                }
+
+                set.insert(
+                    pos + 1,
+                    Insert {
+                        leaf: new_leaf,
+                        len: (to - from) as u32,
+                    },
+                );
+            }
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn get_insert(&self, pos: usize) -> Option<LeafIndex> {
+        if pos >= self.rle_len() {
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        match self {
+            Cursor::Insert { set, len } => {
+                let mut index = 0;
+                for insert in set.iter() {
+                    if index + insert.len as usize > pos {
+                        return Some(insert.leaf);
+                    }
+                    index += insert.len as usize;
+                }
+
+                unreachable!()
+            }
+            Cursor::Delete(_) => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl HasLength for Cursor {
+    fn rle_len(&self) -> usize {
+        match self {
+            Cursor::Insert { set: _, len } => *len as usize,
+            Cursor::Delete(d) => d.atom_len(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Mergeable for Cursor {
+    fn can_merge(&self, rhs: &Self) -> bool {
+        match (self, rhs) {
+            (Self::Insert { set: a, .. }, Self::Insert { set: b, .. }) => {
+                a.last().unwrap().leaf == b.first().unwrap().leaf && b.len() == 1
+            }
+            (Self::Delete(a), Self::Delete(b)) => a.is_mergable(b, &()),
+            _ => false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn merge_right(&mut self, rhs: &Self) {
+        match (self, rhs) {
+            (Self::Insert { set: a, len: a_len }, Self::Insert { set: b, len: b_len }) => {
+                assert!(b.len() == 1);
+                a.last_mut().unwrap().len += b.first().unwrap().len;
+                *a_len += *b_len;
+            }
+            (Self::Delete(a), Self::Delete(b)) => {
+                a.merge(b, &());
+            }
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn merge_left(&mut self, _: &Self) {
+        unreachable!();
+    }
+}

From 1fef37464445705c0c7cbd5d596ce905da070559 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zixuan Chen <remch183@outlook.com>
Date: Wed, 4 Oct 2023 22:19:42 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 010/111] feat: tracker

---
 .../src/container/richtext/tracker.rs         | 112 +++++++++++++++---
 .../richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs          |  68 +++++++++--
 2 files changed, 159 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs
index c3a4ffcb6..72f2ba505 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
-use generic_btree::SplittedLeaves;
-use loro_common::{Counter, IdSpan, PeerID, ID};
+use generic_btree::LeafIndex;
+use loro_common::{Counter, PeerID, ID};
+
+use crate::VersionVector;
 
 use self::{
     crdt_rope::CrdtRope,
-    fugue_span::{Content, FugueSpan},
+    fugue_span::{Content, FugueSpan, Status},
     id_to_cursor::IdToCursor,
 };
 
@@ -13,6 +15,8 @@ mod id_to_cursor;
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub(crate) struct Tracker {
+    applied_vv: VersionVector,
+    current_vv: VersionVector,
     rope: CrdtRope,
     id_to_cursor: IdToCursor,
 }
@@ -22,29 +26,41 @@ impl Tracker {
         let mut this = Self {
             rope: CrdtRope::new(),
             id_to_cursor: IdToCursor::default(),
+            applied_vv: Default::default(),
+            current_vv: Default::default(),
         };
 
         this.insert(
+            ID::new(PeerID::MAX, 0),
             0,
-            fugue_span::FugueSpan::new(ID::new(PeerID::MAX, 0), Content::new_unknown(u32::MAX / 2)),
+            Content::new_unknown(u32::MAX / 2),
         );
         this
     }
 
-    fn insert(&mut self, pos: usize, span: FugueSpan) {
-        let result = self
-            .rope
-            .insert(pos, span, |id| self.id_to_cursor.get_insert(id).unwrap());
+    fn insert(&mut self, op_id: ID, pos: usize, content: Content) {
+        let result = self.rope.insert(
+            pos,
+            FugueSpan {
+                content,
+                id: op_id,
+                status: Status::default(),
+                after_status: None,
+                origin_left: None,
+                origin_right: None,
+            },
+            |id| self.id_to_cursor.get_insert(id).unwrap(),
+        );
         self.id_to_cursor.push(
-            span.id,
-            id_to_cursor::Cursor::new_insert(result.leaf, span.content.len()),
+            op_id,
+            id_to_cursor::Cursor::new_insert(result.leaf, content.len()),
         );
 
-        self.update_insert_by_split(result.splitted);
+        self.update_insert_by_split(&result.splitted.arr);
     }
 
-    fn update_insert_by_split(&mut self, split: SplittedLeaves) {
-        for new_leaf_idx in split.arr {
+    fn update_insert_by_split(&mut self, split: &[LeafIndex]) {
+        for &new_leaf_idx in split {
             let leaf = self.rope.tree().get_elem(new_leaf_idx).unwrap();
             self.id_to_cursor
                 .update_insert(leaf.id_span(), new_leaf_idx)
@@ -59,6 +75,74 @@ impl Tracker {
             cur_id = cur_id.inc(span.content.len() as Counter);
         });
 
-        self.update_insert_by_split(splitted)
+        self.update_insert_by_split(&splitted.arr)
+    }
+
+    fn checkout(&mut self, vv: &VersionVector) {
+        let (retreat, forward) = self.current_vv.diff_iter(vv);
+        let mut updates = Vec::new();
+
+        for span in retreat {
+            for c in self.id_to_cursor.iter(span) {
+                match c {
+                    id_to_cursor::IterCursor::Insert { leaf, id_span } => {
+                        updates.push(crdt_rope::LeafUpdate {
+                            leaf,
+                            id_span,
+                            set_future: Some(true),
+                            delete_times_diff: 0,
+                        })
+                    }
+                    id_to_cursor::IterCursor::Delete(span) => {
+                        for to_del in self.id_to_cursor.iter(span) {
+                            match to_del {
+                                id_to_cursor::IterCursor::Insert { leaf, id_span } => {
+                                    updates.push(crdt_rope::LeafUpdate {
+                                        leaf,
+                                        id_span,
+                                        set_future: None,
+                                        delete_times_diff: -1,
+                                    })
+                                }
+                                id_to_cursor::IterCursor::Delete(_) => unreachable!(),
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        for span in forward {
+            for c in self.id_to_cursor.iter(span) {
+                match c {
+                    id_to_cursor::IterCursor::Insert { leaf, id_span } => {
+                        updates.push(crdt_rope::LeafUpdate {
+                            leaf,
+                            id_span,
+                            set_future: Some(false),
+                            delete_times_diff: 0,
+                        })
+                    }
+                    id_to_cursor::IterCursor::Delete(span) => {
+                        for to_del in self.id_to_cursor.iter(span) {
+                            match to_del {
+                                id_to_cursor::IterCursor::Insert { leaf, id_span } => {
+                                    updates.push(crdt_rope::LeafUpdate {
+                                        leaf,
+                                        id_span,
+                                        set_future: None,
+                                        delete_times_diff: 1,
+                                    })
+                                }
+                                id_to_cursor::IterCursor::Delete(_) => unreachable!(),
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        let leaf_indexes = self.rope.update(&updates);
+        self.update_insert_by_split(&leaf_indexes);
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs
index 3a12c4f1b..2607accd6 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use generic_btree::{
     LeafIndex,
 };
 use loro_common::{Counter, IdSpan, PeerID, ID};
-use rle::{HasLength as RHasLength, Mergable as RMergeable};
+use rle::{HasLength as RHasLength, Mergable as RMergeable, Sliceable};
 use smallvec::smallvec;
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
 use std::collections::BTreeSet;
@@ -56,16 +56,63 @@ impl IdToCursor {
         )
     }
 
-    pub fn iter(&self, id_span: IdSpan) -> impl Iterator<Item = &Fragment> + '_ {
+    pub fn iter(&self, mut id_span: IdSpan) -> impl Iterator<Item = IterCursor> + '_ {
+        id_span.normalize_();
         let list = self.map.get(&id_span.client_id).unwrap();
-        let index = match list.binary_search_by_key(&id_span.counter.start, |x| x.counter) {
+        let mut index = match list.binary_search_by_key(&id_span.counter.start, |x| x.counter) {
             Ok(index) => index,
             Err(index) => index - 1,
         };
 
-        list[index..]
-            .iter()
-            .take_while(move |x| x.counter < id_span.counter.end)
+        let mut offset = 0;
+        let mut counter = list[index].counter;
+        std::iter::from_fn(move || loop {
+            if index >= list.len() || counter >= id_span.counter.end {
+                return None;
+            }
+
+            let f = &list[index];
+            match &f.cursor {
+                Cursor::Insert { set, len: _ } => {
+                    if offset == set.len() {
+                        index += 1;
+                        offset = 0;
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    offset += 1;
+                    let start_counter = counter;
+                    let elem = set[offset - 1];
+                    counter += elem.len as Counter;
+                    let end_counter = counter;
+                    if end_counter <= id_span.counter.start {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    return Some(IterCursor::Insert {
+                        leaf: elem.leaf,
+                        id_span: IdSpan::new(
+                            id_span.client_id,
+                            start_counter.max(id_span.counter.start),
+                            end_counter.min(id_span.counter.end),
+                        ),
+                    });
+                }
+                Cursor::Delete(span) => {
+                    let start_counter = counter;
+                    counter += span.atom_len() as Counter;
+                    if counter <= id_span.counter.start {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    let from = (id_span.counter.start - start_counter).max(0);
+                    let to = (id_span.counter.end - start_counter)
+                        .max(0)
+                        .min(span.atom_len() as Counter);
+                    return Some(IterCursor::Delete(span.slice(from as usize, to as usize)));
+                }
+            }
+        })
     }
 
     pub fn get_insert(&self, id: ID) -> Option<LeafIndex> {
@@ -107,6 +154,13 @@ impl Ord for Fragment {
     }
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub(super) enum IterCursor {
+    Insert { leaf: LeafIndex, id_span: IdSpan },
+    // deleted id_span
+    Delete(IdSpan),
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub(super) enum Cursor {
     Insert {
@@ -116,7 +170,7 @@ pub(super) enum Cursor {
     Delete(IdSpan),
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
 pub(super) struct Insert {
     leaf: LeafIndex,
     len: u32,

From 978b40ea777f71d2708f2a8720bf6fb897ec6d75 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zixuan Chen <remch183@outlook.com>
Date: Wed, 4 Oct 2023 22:56:12 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 011/111] fix: fix a few err in impl

---
 .../src/container/richtext/tracker.rs         | 59 ++++++++++++++++++-
 .../container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs   | 20 +++----
 .../container/richtext/tracker/fugue_span.rs  |  3 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/macros.rs            | 20 +++++++
 4 files changed, 87 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs
index 72f2ba505..c088841bd 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ pub(crate) struct Tracker {
 }
 
 impl Tracker {
-    pub fn new() -> Self {
+    pub fn new_with_unknown() -> Self {
         let mut this = Self {
             rope: CrdtRope::new(),
             id_to_cursor: IdToCursor::default(),
@@ -38,6 +38,15 @@ impl Tracker {
         this
     }
 
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            rope: CrdtRope::new(),
+            id_to_cursor: IdToCursor::default(),
+            applied_vv: Default::default(),
+            current_vv: Default::default(),
+        }
+    }
+
     fn insert(&mut self, op_id: ID, pos: usize, content: Content) {
         let result = self.rope.insert(
             pos,
@@ -57,6 +66,10 @@ impl Tracker {
         );
 
         self.update_insert_by_split(&result.splitted.arr);
+
+        let end_id = op_id.inc(content.len() as Counter);
+        self.current_vv.extend_to_include_end_id(end_id);
+        self.applied_vv.extend_to_include_end_id(end_id);
     }
 
     fn update_insert_by_split(&mut self, split: &[LeafIndex]) {
@@ -75,7 +88,11 @@ impl Tracker {
             cur_id = cur_id.inc(span.content.len() as Counter);
         });
 
-        self.update_insert_by_split(&splitted.arr)
+        self.update_insert_by_split(&splitted.arr);
+
+        let end_id = op_id.inc(len as Counter);
+        self.current_vv.extend_to_include_end_id(end_id);
+        self.applied_vv.extend_to_include_end_id(end_id);
     }
 
     fn checkout(&mut self, vv: &VersionVector) {
@@ -142,7 +159,45 @@ impl Tracker {
             }
         }
 
+        self.current_vv = vv.clone();
         let leaf_indexes = self.rope.update(&updates);
         self.update_insert_by_split(&leaf_indexes);
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use crate::vv;
+
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_len() {
+        let mut t = Tracker::new();
+        t.insert(ID::new(1, 0), 0, Content::new_text(0..2));
+        assert_eq!(t.rope.len(), 2);
+        t.checkout(&Default::default());
+        assert_eq!(t.rope.len(), 0);
+        t.insert(ID::new(2, 0), 0, Content::new_text(2..4));
+        let v = vv!(1 => 2, 2 => 2);
+        t.checkout(&v);
+        assert_eq!(&t.applied_vv, &v);
+        assert_eq!(t.rope.len(), 4);
+        dbg!(&t);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_retreat_and_forward_delete() {
+        let mut t = Tracker::new();
+        t.insert(ID::new(1, 0), 0, Content::new_text(0..10));
+        t.delete(ID::new(2, 0), 0, 10);
+        t.checkout(&vv!(1 => 10, 2=>5));
+        assert_eq!(t.rope.len(), 5);
+        t.checkout(&vv!(1 => 10, 2=>0));
+        assert_eq!(t.rope.len(), 10);
+        t.checkout(&vv!(1 => 10, 2=>10));
+        assert_eq!(t.rope.len(), 0);
+        t.checkout(&vv!(1 => 10, 2=>0));
+        assert_eq!(t.rope.len(), 10);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs
index 2de5dca9a..ff3e4dc4d 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs
@@ -79,11 +79,7 @@ impl CrdtRope {
                 Some(left_node.elem().id.inc(start.offset() as Counter - 1))
             };
 
-            let (origin_right, parent_right, parent_right_leaf, in_between) = if pos
-                == self.tree.root_cache().len
-            {
-                (None, None, None, Vec::new())
-            } else {
+            let (origin_right, parent_right, parent_right_leaf, in_between) = {
                 let mut in_between = Vec::new();
                 let mut origin_right = None;
                 let mut parent_right = None;
@@ -93,7 +89,7 @@ impl CrdtRope {
                         origin_right = Some(iter.elem.id.inc(iter.start.unwrap_or(0) as Counter));
                         parent_right = match iter.start {
                             Some(_) => {
-                                // It's guaranted that origin_right's origin_left == this.origin_left.
+                                // It's guaranteed that origin_right's origin_left == this.origin_left.
                                 // Because the first non-future node is just the leaf node in `start.cursor` node (iter.start.is_some())
                                 // Thus parent_right = origin_right
                                 Some(origin_right)
@@ -129,12 +125,12 @@ impl CrdtRope {
             // find insert pos
             let mut scanning = false;
             let mut visited: SmallVec<[IdSpan; 4]> = Default::default();
-            for (i, (other_leaf, other_elem)) in in_between.iter().enumerate() {
-                let other_orign_left = other_elem.origin_left;
-                if other_orign_left
+            for (other_leaf, other_elem) in in_between.iter() {
+                let other_origin_left = other_elem.origin_left;
+                if other_origin_left
                     .map(|left| visited.iter().all(|x| !x.contains_id(left)))
                     .unwrap_or(true)
-                    && other_orign_left != content.origin_left
+                    && other_origin_left != content.origin_left
                 {
                     // The other_elem's origin_left must be at the left side of content's origin_left.
                     // So the content must be at the left side of other_elem.
@@ -147,7 +143,7 @@ impl CrdtRope {
                     other_elem.id.counter + other_elem.rle_len() as Counter,
                 ));
 
-                if content.origin_left == other_orign_left {
+                if content.origin_left == other_origin_left {
                     if other_elem.origin_right == content.origin_right {
                         // Same right parent
                         if other_elem.id.peer > content.id.peer {
@@ -177,7 +173,7 @@ impl CrdtRope {
                             Ordering::Less => {
                                 scanning = true;
                             }
-                            Ordering::Equal if content.id.peer > other_elem.id.peer => {
+                            Ordering::Equal if other_elem.id.peer > content.id.peer => {
                                 break;
                             }
                             _ => {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/fugue_span.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/fugue_span.rs
index 426b2f323..4006e25ee 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/fugue_span.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/fugue_span.rs
@@ -63,7 +63,8 @@ impl Content {
     #[inline(always)]
     pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
         match self.start {
-            Self::UNKOWN_START | Self::SYMBOL_START => 1,
+            Self::UNKOWN_START => self.end as usize,
+            Self::SYMBOL_START => 1,
             _ => (self.end - self.start) as usize,
         }
     }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/macros.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/macros.rs
index 2919c36b4..ff9eaedb9 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/macros.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/macros.rs
@@ -21,6 +21,26 @@ macro_rules! fx_map {
     };
 }
 
+/// ```no_run
+/// use loro_internal::vv;
+///
+/// let v = vv!(1 => 2, 2 => 3);
+/// assert_eq!(v.get(&1), Some(&2));
+/// assert_eq!(v.get(&2), Some(&3));
+/// ```
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! vv {
+    ($($key:expr => $value:expr),*) => {
+        {
+            let mut m = $crate::version::VersionVector::default();
+            $(
+                m.insert($key, $value);
+            )*
+            m
+        }
+    };
+}
+
 #[macro_export]
 macro_rules! array_mut_ref {
     ($arr:expr, [$a0:expr, $a1:expr]) => {{

From 024a63f8fcd47836de9f123e527e5533e1cc7a92 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zixuan Chen <remch183@outlook.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Oct 2023 22:05:57 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 012/111] feat: init richtext content state

---
 crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs             |  15 +-
 .../src/container/list/list_op.rs             |   6 +-
 .../loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs   |  40 ++--
 .../richtext/{tracker => }/fugue_span.rs      |  70 +++---
 .../src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs  | 182 ++++++++++-----
 .../src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs |  14 +-
 .../src/container/richtext/tinyvec.rs         | 214 ++++++++++++++++--
 .../src/container/richtext/tracker.rs         |  22 +-
 .../container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs   |  13 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs             |   5 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs   |   1 +
 crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs             |   5 +-
 .../loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs | 138 +++++++++++
 crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs             |   4 +
 14 files changed, 557 insertions(+), 172 deletions(-)
 rename crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/{tracker => }/fugue_span.rs (72%)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs
index f26387c0f..bf9b5fb72 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 use std::{
-    ops::Range,
+    ops::{Range, RangeBounds},
     sync::{Arc, Mutex, MutexGuard},
 };
 
+use append_only_bytes::{AppendOnlyBytes, BytesSlice};
 use fxhash::FxHashMap;
 use jumprope::JumpRope;
 
@@ -30,6 +31,7 @@ struct InnerSharedArena {
     text: Mutex<JumpRope>,
     values: Mutex<Vec<LoroValue>>,
     root_c_idx: Mutex<Vec<ContainerIdx>>,
+    bytes: AppendOnlyBytes,
 }
 
 /// This is shared between [OpLog] and [AppState].
@@ -261,6 +263,11 @@ impl SharedArena {
         }
     }
 
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn slice_bytes(&self, range: impl RangeBounds<usize>) -> BytesSlice {
+        self.inner.bytes.slice(range)
+    }
+
     pub fn get_value(&self, idx: usize) -> Option<LoroValue> {
         self.inner.values.lock().unwrap().get(idx).cloned()
     }
@@ -308,11 +315,7 @@ impl SharedArena {
     ) -> Op {
         match content {
             crate::op::RawOpContent::Map(MapSet { key, value }) => {
-                let value = if let Some(value) = value {
-                    Some(self.alloc_value(value) as u32)
-                } else {
-                    None
-                };
+                let value = value.map(|value| self.alloc_value(value) as u32);
                 Op {
                     counter,
                     container,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/list/list_op.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/list/list_op.rs
index df90ad9f0..999aeedda 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/list/list_op.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/list/list_op.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
 use crate::{
     container::{
-        richtext::TextStyleInfo,
+        richtext::TextStyleInfoFlag,
         text::text_content::{ListSlice, SliceRange},
     },
     InternalString,
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ pub enum ListOp<'a> {
         start: u32,
         end: u32,
         key: InternalString,
-        info: TextStyleInfo,
+        info: TextStyleInfoFlag,
     },
 }
 
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ pub enum InnerListOp {
         start: u32,
         end: u32,
         key: InternalString,
-        info: TextStyleInfo,
+        info: TextStyleInfoFlag,
     },
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs
index 7b625e0f5..3234f507e 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs
@@ -10,16 +10,20 @@
 //!
 //! The users of this type can only operate on unicode index or utf16 index, but calculated entity index will be provided.
 
+mod fugue_span;
 mod query_by_len;
-mod richtext_state;
+pub(crate) mod richtext_state;
 mod style_range_map;
 mod tinyvec;
 mod tracker;
 
+use crate::{change::Lamport, InternalString};
+use fugue_span::*;
 use loro_common::{Counter, LoroValue, PeerID};
 use std::{borrow::Cow, fmt::Debug};
 
-use crate::{change::Lamport, InternalString};
+pub(crate) use fugue_span::{RichtextChunk, RichtextChunkKind, RichtextChunkValue};
+pub(crate) use richtext_state::RichtextState;
 
 /// This is the data structure that represents a span of rich text.
 /// It's used to communicate with the frontend.
@@ -41,15 +45,15 @@ pub struct Style {
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
-pub(crate) struct StyleInner {
+pub(crate) struct StyleOp {
     pub(crate) lamport: Lamport,
     pub(crate) peer: PeerID,
     pub(crate) cnt: Counter,
     pub(crate) key: InternalString,
-    pub(crate) info: TextStyleInfo,
+    pub(crate) info: TextStyleInfoFlag,
 }
 
-impl StyleInner {
+impl StyleOp {
     pub fn to_style(&self) -> Option<Style> {
         if self.info.is_delete() {
             return None;
@@ -73,7 +77,7 @@ impl StyleInner {
     }
 
     #[cfg(test)]
-    pub fn new_for_test(n: isize, key: &str, info: TextStyleInfo) -> Self {
+    pub fn new_for_test(n: isize, key: &str, info: TextStyleInfoFlag) -> Self {
         Self {
             lamport: n as Lamport,
             peer: n as PeerID,
@@ -84,13 +88,13 @@ impl StyleInner {
     }
 }
 
-impl PartialOrd for StyleInner {
+impl PartialOrd for StyleOp {
     fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<std::cmp::Ordering> {
         Some(self.cmp(other))
     }
 }
 
-impl Ord for StyleInner {
+impl Ord for StyleOp {
     fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> std::cmp::Ordering {
         self.lamport
             .cmp(&other.lamport)
@@ -112,11 +116,11 @@ impl Ord for StyleInner {
 /// - 0              (7th bit)
 /// - isAlive        (8th bit): always 1 unless the style is garbage collected. If this is 0, all other bits should be 0 as well.
 #[derive(Default, Clone, Copy, Eq, PartialEq, Hash, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
-pub struct TextStyleInfo {
+pub struct TextStyleInfoFlag {
     data: u8,
 }
 
-impl Debug for TextStyleInfo {
+impl Debug for TextStyleInfoFlag {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
         f.debug_struct("TextStyleInfo")
             // write data in binary format
@@ -165,7 +169,7 @@ impl ExpandType {
     }
 }
 
-impl TextStyleInfo {
+impl TextStyleInfoFlag {
     /// Whether two styles with the same key can be merged into one.
     /// If false, the styles will coexist in the same range.
     #[inline(always)]
@@ -253,7 +257,7 @@ impl TextStyleInfo {
             data |= CONTAINER_MASK;
         }
 
-        TextStyleInfo { data }
+        TextStyleInfoFlag { data }
     }
 
     pub const fn is_dead(self) -> bool {
@@ -291,12 +295,12 @@ impl TextStyleInfo {
         }
     }
 
-    pub const BOLD: TextStyleInfo =
-        TextStyleInfo::new(true, ExpandType::After, AnchorType::Start, false, false);
-    pub const LINK: TextStyleInfo =
-        TextStyleInfo::new(true, ExpandType::None, AnchorType::Start, false, false);
-    pub const COMMENT: TextStyleInfo =
-        TextStyleInfo::new(false, ExpandType::None, AnchorType::Start, false, true);
+    pub const BOLD: TextStyleInfoFlag =
+        TextStyleInfoFlag::new(true, ExpandType::After, AnchorType::Start, false, false);
+    pub const LINK: TextStyleInfoFlag =
+        TextStyleInfoFlag::new(true, ExpandType::None, AnchorType::Start, false, false);
+    pub const COMMENT: TextStyleInfoFlag =
+        TextStyleInfoFlag::new(false, ExpandType::None, AnchorType::Start, false, true);
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/fugue_span.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/fugue_span.rs
similarity index 72%
rename from crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/fugue_span.rs
rename to crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/fugue_span.rs
index 4006e25ee..67754cac7 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/fugue_span.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/fugue_span.rs
@@ -2,29 +2,31 @@ use std::ops::Range;
 
 use generic_btree::rle::{HasLength, Mergeable, Sliceable};
 use loro_common::{Counter, HasId, IdSpan, ID};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Copy)]
-pub(super) struct Content {
-    pub(crate) end: u32,
-    pub(crate) start: u32,
+// TODO: change visibility back to crate after #116 is done
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Copy, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct RichtextChunk {
+    start: u32,
+    end: u32,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Copy)]
-pub(super) enum ContentKind {
+pub(crate) enum RichtextChunkKind {
     Text,
     Symbol,
     Unknown,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub(super) enum ContentValue {
+pub(crate) enum RichtextChunkValue {
     Text(Range<u32>),
     Symbol(u32),
     Unknown(u32),
 }
 
-impl Content {
-    pub(crate) const UNKOWN_START: u32 = u32::MAX;
+impl RichtextChunk {
+    pub(crate) const UNKNOWN_START: u32 = u32::MAX;
     pub(crate) const SYMBOL_START: u32 = u32::MAX - 1;
 
     #[inline]
@@ -46,90 +48,90 @@ impl Content {
     #[inline]
     pub fn new_unknown(len: u32) -> Self {
         Self {
-            start: Self::UNKOWN_START,
+            start: Self::UNKNOWN_START,
             end: len,
         }
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn kind(&self) -> ContentKind {
+    pub(crate) fn kind(&self) -> RichtextChunkKind {
         match self.start {
-            Self::SYMBOL_START => ContentKind::Symbol,
-            Self::UNKOWN_START => ContentKind::Unknown,
-            _ => ContentKind::Text,
+            Self::SYMBOL_START => RichtextChunkKind::Symbol,
+            Self::UNKNOWN_START => RichtextChunkKind::Unknown,
+            _ => RichtextChunkKind::Text,
         }
     }
 
     #[inline(always)]
     pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
         match self.start {
-            Self::UNKOWN_START => self.end as usize,
+            Self::UNKNOWN_START => self.end as usize,
             Self::SYMBOL_START => 1,
             _ => (self.end - self.start) as usize,
         }
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn value(&self) -> ContentValue {
+    pub(crate) fn value(&self) -> RichtextChunkValue {
         match self.start {
-            Self::UNKOWN_START => ContentValue::Unknown(self.end),
-            Self::SYMBOL_START => ContentValue::Symbol(self.end),
-            _ => ContentValue::Text(self.start..self.end),
+            Self::UNKNOWN_START => RichtextChunkValue::Unknown(self.end),
+            Self::SYMBOL_START => RichtextChunkValue::Symbol(self.end),
+            _ => RichtextChunkValue::Text(self.start..self.end),
         }
     }
 }
 
-impl Mergeable for Content {
+impl Mergeable for RichtextChunk {
     fn can_merge(&self, rhs: &Self) -> bool {
         match (self.kind(), rhs.kind()) {
-            (ContentKind::Text, ContentKind::Text) => self.end == rhs.start,
-            (ContentKind::Unknown, ContentKind::Unknown) => true,
+            (RichtextChunkKind::Text, RichtextChunkKind::Text) => self.end == rhs.start,
+            (RichtextChunkKind::Unknown, RichtextChunkKind::Unknown) => true,
             _ => false,
         }
     }
 
     fn merge_right(&mut self, rhs: &Self) {
         match (self.kind(), rhs.kind()) {
-            (ContentKind::Text, ContentKind::Text) => self.end = rhs.end,
-            (ContentKind::Unknown, ContentKind::Unknown) => self.end += rhs.end,
+            (RichtextChunkKind::Text, RichtextChunkKind::Text) => self.end = rhs.end,
+            (RichtextChunkKind::Unknown, RichtextChunkKind::Unknown) => self.end += rhs.end,
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }
     }
 
     fn merge_left(&mut self, left: &Self) {
         match (self.kind(), left.kind()) {
-            (ContentKind::Text, ContentKind::Text) => self.start = left.start,
-            (ContentKind::Unknown, ContentKind::Unknown) => self.end += left.end,
+            (RichtextChunkKind::Text, RichtextChunkKind::Text) => self.start = left.start,
+            (RichtextChunkKind::Unknown, RichtextChunkKind::Unknown) => self.end += left.end,
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }
     }
 }
 
-impl HasLength for Content {
+impl HasLength for RichtextChunk {
     #[inline(always)]
     fn rle_len(&self) -> usize {
         self.len()
     }
 }
 
-impl Sliceable for Content {
+impl Sliceable for RichtextChunk {
     fn _slice(&self, range: Range<usize>) -> Self {
         match self.kind() {
-            ContentKind::Text => {
+            RichtextChunkKind::Text => {
                 assert!(range.len() <= self.len());
                 Self {
                     start: self.start + range.start as u32,
                     end: self.start + range.end as u32,
                 }
             }
-            ContentKind::Symbol => {
-                assert!(range.len() == 1);
+            RichtextChunkKind::Symbol => {
+                assert_eq!(range.len(), 1);
                 *self
             }
-            ContentKind::Unknown => {
+            RichtextChunkKind::Unknown => {
                 assert!(range.len() <= self.len());
                 Self {
-                    start: Self::UNKOWN_START,
+                    start: Self::UNKNOWN_START,
                     end: range.len() as u32,
                 }
             }
@@ -147,7 +149,7 @@ pub(super) struct FugueSpan {
     pub after_status: Option<Status>,
     pub origin_left: Option<ID>,
     pub origin_right: Option<ID>,
-    pub content: Content,
+    pub content: RichtextChunk,
 }
 
 impl FugueSpan {
@@ -207,7 +209,7 @@ impl Mergeable for FugueSpan {
 }
 
 impl FugueSpan {
-    pub fn new(id: ID, content: Content) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(id: ID, content: RichtextChunk) -> Self {
         Self {
             id,
             status: Status::default(),
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
index ac4129d24..70eceb4ae 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 use append_only_bytes::BytesSlice;
 use fxhash::FxHashMap;
 use generic_btree::{
-    iter,
     rle::{HasLength, Mergeable, Sliceable},
-    BTree, BTreeTrait, LengthFinder,
+    BTree, BTreeTrait,
 };
 use std::{
     borrow::Cow,
@@ -18,13 +17,12 @@ use crate::{
 };
 
 // FIXME: Check splice and other things are using unicode index
-use self::query::{EntityQueryT, UnicodeQuery};
+use self::query::{EntityQuery, EntityQueryT, UnicodeQuery};
 
 use super::{
     query_by_len::{IndexQuery, QueryByLen},
     style_range_map::StyleRangeMap,
-    tinyvec::TinyVec,
-    AnchorType, RichtextSpan, Style, StyleInner, TextStyleInfo,
+    AnchorType, RichtextSpan, Style, StyleOp,
 };
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)]
@@ -34,9 +32,9 @@ pub(crate) struct RichtextState {
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-enum Elem {
+pub(crate) enum Elem {
     Text { unicode_len: i32, text: BytesSlice },
-    Style(TinyVec<TextStyleInfo, 16>),
+    Style(Arc<StyleOp>),
 }
 
 impl Elem {
@@ -47,10 +45,8 @@ impl Elem {
         })
     }
 
-    pub fn from_style(style: TextStyleInfo) -> Self {
-        let mut v = TinyVec::new();
-        v.push(style);
-        Self::Style(v)
+    pub fn from_style(style: Arc<StyleOp>) -> Self {
+        Self::Style(style)
     }
 }
 
@@ -58,7 +54,7 @@ impl HasLength for Elem {
     fn rle_len(&self) -> usize {
         match self {
             Elem::Text { unicode_len, text } => *unicode_len as usize,
-            Elem::Style(data) => data.len(),
+            Elem::Style(data) => 1,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -67,7 +63,6 @@ impl Mergeable for Elem {
     fn can_merge(&self, rhs: &Self) -> bool {
         match (self, rhs) {
             (Elem::Text { text: l, .. }, Elem::Text { text: r, .. }) => l.can_merge(r),
-            (Elem::Style(l), Elem::Style(r)) => l.can_merge(r),
             _ => false,
         }
     }
@@ -84,9 +79,6 @@ impl Mergeable for Elem {
                 *unicode_len += *rhs_len;
                 text.try_merge(rhs_text).unwrap();
             }
-            (Elem::Style(a), Elem::Style(b)) => {
-                a.merge(b);
-            }
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }
     }
@@ -106,9 +98,6 @@ impl Mergeable for Elem {
                 new_text.try_merge(text).unwrap();
                 *text = new_text;
             }
-            (Elem::Style(a), Elem::Style(b)) => {
-                a.merge_left(b);
-            }
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }
     }
@@ -124,8 +113,10 @@ impl Sliceable for Elem {
                 unicode_len: _,
                 text,
             } => text,
-            Elem::Style(styles) => {
-                return Elem::Style(styles.slice(start_index, end_index));
+            Elem::Style(style) => {
+                assert_eq!(start_index, 0);
+                assert_eq!(end_index, 1);
+                return Elem::Style(style.clone());
             }
         };
 
@@ -138,6 +129,26 @@ impl Sliceable for Elem {
             text: text.slice_clone(from..to),
         }
     }
+
+    fn split(&mut self, pos: usize) -> Self {
+        match self {
+            Elem::Text { unicode_len, text } => {
+                let s = std::str::from_utf8(text).unwrap();
+                let byte_pos = unicode_to_utf8_index(s, pos).unwrap();
+                let right = text.slice_clone(byte_pos..);
+                let ans = Elem::Text {
+                    unicode_len: *unicode_len - pos as i32,
+                    text: right,
+                };
+                *text = text.slice_clone(..byte_pos);
+                *unicode_len = pos as i32;
+                ans
+            }
+            Elem::Style(styles) => {
+                unreachable!()
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 fn unicode_to_utf8_index(s: &str, unicode_index: usize) -> Option<usize> {
@@ -156,8 +167,8 @@ fn unicode_to_utf8_index(s: &str, unicode_index: usize) -> Option<usize> {
     None
 }
 
-fn utf16_to_unicode_index(s: &str, utf16_idex: usize) -> Option<usize> {
-    if utf16_idex == 0 {
+fn utf16_to_unicode_index(s: &str, utf16_index: usize) -> Option<usize> {
+    if utf16_index == 0 {
         return Some(0);
     }
 
@@ -165,7 +176,7 @@ fn utf16_to_unicode_index(s: &str, utf16_idex: usize) -> Option<usize> {
     for (i, c) in s.chars().enumerate() {
         let len = c.len_utf16();
         current_utf16_index += len;
-        if current_utf16_index == utf16_idex {
+        if current_utf16_index == utf16_index {
             return Some(i + 1);
         }
     }
@@ -250,10 +261,10 @@ impl BTreeTrait for RichtextTreeTrait {
                 utf16_len: count_utf16_chars(&text) as i32,
                 entity_len: *unicode_len,
             },
-            Elem::Style(styles) => Cache {
+            Elem::Style(_) => Cache {
                 unicode_len: 0,
                 utf16_len: 0,
-                entity_len: styles.len() as i32,
+                entity_len: 1,
             },
         }
     }
@@ -300,7 +311,7 @@ mod query {
 
                     (left, false)
                 }
-                Elem::Style(s) => (s.len(), false),
+                Elem::Style(s) => (1, false),
             }
         }
     }
@@ -340,7 +351,7 @@ mod query {
                     let offset = utf16_to_unicode_index(s, left).unwrap();
                     (offset, true)
                 }
-                Elem::Style(s) => (s.len(), false),
+                Elem::Style(s) => (1, false),
             }
         }
     }
@@ -359,7 +370,7 @@ mod query {
                     unicode_len,
                     text: _,
                 } => *unicode_len as usize,
-                Elem::Style(data) => data.len(),
+                Elem::Style(data) => 1,
             }
         }
 
@@ -379,7 +390,7 @@ mod query {
                     (left, false)
                 }
                 Elem::Style(data) => {
-                    if data.len() >= left {
+                    if 1 >= left {
                         return (left, true);
                     }
 
@@ -410,6 +421,19 @@ impl RichtextState {
         entity_index
     }
 
+    /// This is used to accept changes from DiffCalculator
+    pub(crate) fn insert_at_entity_index(&mut self, entity_index: usize, text: BytesSlice) {
+        let elem = Elem::try_from_bytes(text).unwrap();
+        self.style_ranges.insert(entity_index, elem.rle_len());
+        self.tree.insert::<EntityQuery>(&entity_index, elem);
+    }
+
+    /// This is used to accept changes from DiffCalculator
+    pub(crate) fn insert_elem_at_entity_index(&mut self, entity_index: usize, elem: Elem) {
+        self.style_ranges.insert(entity_index, elem.rle_len());
+        self.tree.insert::<EntityQuery>(&entity_index, elem);
+    }
+
     /// Find the best insert position based on algorithm similar to Peritext.
     /// Returns the right neighbor of the insert pos.
     ///
@@ -459,16 +483,16 @@ impl RichtextState {
             };
             let style = match elem {
                 Elem::Text { .. } => unreachable!(),
-                Elem::Style(style) => style[iter.offset],
+                Elem::Style(style) => style,
             };
 
             visited.push((style, iter));
-            if style.anchor_type() == AnchorType::Start {
+            if style.info.anchor_type() == AnchorType::Start {
                 // case 1. should be before this anchor
                 break;
             }
 
-            if style.prefer_insert_before() {
+            if style.info.prefer_insert_before() {
                 // case 2.
                 break;
             }
@@ -480,7 +504,7 @@ impl RichtextState {
         }
 
         while let Some((style, top_elem)) = visited.pop() {
-            if !style.prefer_insert_before() {
+            if !style.info.prefer_insert_before() {
                 // case 3.
                 break;
             }
@@ -507,7 +531,7 @@ impl RichtextState {
         entity_index
     }
 
-    /// Delete a range of text.
+    /// Delete a range of text at the given unicode position.
     ///
     /// Delete a range of text. (The style anchors included in the range are not deleted.)
     pub(crate) fn delete(&mut self, pos: usize, len: usize) -> Vec<Range<usize>> {
@@ -525,19 +549,8 @@ impl RichtextState {
         for span in self.tree.drain_by_query::<UnicodeQuery>(pos..pos + len) {
             match span {
                 Elem::Style(style) => {
-                    entity_index += style.len();
-                    if let Some(last) = style_anchors.last_mut() {
-                        let Elem::Style(last) = last else {
-                            unreachable!()
-                        };
-                        if last.can_merge(&style) {
-                            last.merge(&style);
-                        } else {
-                            style_anchors.push(Elem::Style(style));
-                        }
-                    } else {
-                        style_anchors.push(Elem::Style(style));
-                    }
+                    entity_index += 1;
+                    style_anchors.push(Elem::Style(style));
                 }
                 Elem::Text {
                     unicode_len,
@@ -571,10 +584,21 @@ impl RichtextState {
         removed_entity_ranges
     }
 
+    /// This is used to accept changes from DiffCalculator
+    pub(crate) fn drain_by_entity_index(
+        &mut self,
+        pos: usize,
+        len: usize,
+    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = Elem> + '_ {
+        // FIXME: need to check whether style is removed when its anchors are removed
+        self.style_ranges.delete(pos..pos + len);
+        self.tree.drain_by_query::<EntityQuery>(pos..pos + len)
+    }
+
     /// Mark a range of text with a style.
     ///
     /// Return the corresponding entity index ranges.
-    pub(crate) fn mark(&mut self, range: Range<usize>, style: Arc<StyleInner>) -> Range<usize> {
+    pub(crate) fn mark(&mut self, range: Range<usize>, style: Arc<StyleOp>) -> Range<usize> {
         if self.tree.is_empty() {
             panic!("Cannot mark an empty tree");
         }
@@ -583,15 +607,24 @@ impl RichtextState {
             .find_best_insert_pos_from_unicode_index(range.end)
             .unwrap();
         let end_entity_index = self.get_entity_index_from_path(end_pos);
+        let (start_style, end_style) = if style.info.is_start() {
+            let mut end = style.clone();
+            Arc::make_mut(&mut end).info = end.info.to_end();
+            (style.clone(), end)
+        } else {
+            let mut start = style.clone();
+            Arc::make_mut(&mut start).info = start.info.to_start();
+            (start, style.clone())
+        };
         self.tree
-            .insert_by_path(end_pos, Elem::from_style(style.info.to_end()));
+            .insert_by_path(end_pos, Elem::from_style(end_style));
 
         let start_pos = self
             .find_best_insert_pos_from_unicode_index(range.start)
             .unwrap();
         let start_entity_index = self.get_entity_index_from_path(start_pos);
         self.tree
-            .insert_by_path(start_pos, Elem::from_style(style.info.to_start()));
+            .insert_by_path(start_pos, Elem::from_style(start_style));
 
         self.style_ranges.insert(end_entity_index, 1);
         self.style_ranges.insert(start_entity_index, 1);
@@ -646,7 +679,7 @@ impl RichtextState {
                 })
             }
             Elem::Style(s) => {
-                entity_index += s.len();
+                entity_index += 1;
                 None
             }
         })
@@ -669,6 +702,8 @@ mod test {
     use append_only_bytes::AppendOnlyBytes;
     use loro_common::{ContainerID, ContainerType, LoroValue, ID};
 
+    use crate::container::richtext::TextStyleInfoFlag;
+
     use super::*;
 
     #[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
@@ -685,28 +720,28 @@ mod test {
         }
     }
 
-    fn bold(n: isize) -> Arc<StyleInner> {
-        Arc::new(StyleInner::new_for_test(n, "bold", TextStyleInfo::BOLD))
+    fn bold(n: isize) -> Arc<StyleOp> {
+        Arc::new(StyleOp::new_for_test(n, "bold", TextStyleInfoFlag::BOLD))
     }
 
-    fn comment(n: isize) -> Arc<StyleInner> {
-        Arc::new(StyleInner::new_for_test(
+    fn comment(n: isize) -> Arc<StyleOp> {
+        Arc::new(StyleOp::new_for_test(
             n,
             "comment",
-            TextStyleInfo::COMMENT,
+            TextStyleInfoFlag::COMMENT,
         ))
     }
 
-    fn unbold(n: isize) -> Arc<StyleInner> {
-        Arc::new(StyleInner::new_for_test(
+    fn unbold(n: isize) -> Arc<StyleOp> {
+        Arc::new(StyleOp::new_for_test(
             n,
             "bold",
-            TextStyleInfo::BOLD.to_delete(),
+            TextStyleInfoFlag::BOLD.to_delete(),
         ))
     }
 
-    fn link(n: isize) -> Arc<StyleInner> {
-        Arc::new(StyleInner::new_for_test(n, "link", TextStyleInfo::LINK))
+    fn link(n: isize) -> Arc<StyleOp> {
+        Arc::new(StyleOp::new_for_test(n, "link", TextStyleInfoFlag::LINK))
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -731,6 +766,7 @@ mod test {
             ]
         );
         wrapper.state.mark(2..7, link(1));
+        dbg!(&wrapper.state);
         assert_eq!(
             wrapper.state.to_vec(),
             vec![
@@ -1051,4 +1087,26 @@ mod test {
             ]
         );
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn remove_style_anchors_should_also_delete_style() {
+        let mut wrapper = SimpleWrapper::default();
+        wrapper.insert(0, "Hello World!");
+        wrapper.state.mark(0..5, bold(0));
+        let mut count = 0;
+        for span in wrapper.state.drain_by_entity_index(0, 7) {
+            if matches!(span, Elem::Style(_)) {
+                count += 1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        assert_eq!(count, 2);
+        assert_eq!(
+            wrapper.state.to_vec(),
+            vec![RichtextSpan {
+                text: Cow::Borrowed(" World!"),
+                styles: vec![]
+            },]
+        );
+    }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs
index d99e238ef..c0abad07b 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use generic_btree::{
 
 use crate::InternalString;
 
-use super::{Style, StyleInner};
+use super::{Style, StyleOp};
 
 /// This struct keep the mapping of ranges to numbers
 ///
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ pub(super) struct Elem {
 
 #[derive(Default, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub(super) struct StyleValue {
-    set: BTreeSet<Arc<StyleInner>>,
+    set: BTreeSet<Arc<StyleOp>>,
     should_merge: bool,
 }
 
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ impl StyleRangeMap {
         Self(tree)
     }
 
-    pub fn annotate(&mut self, range: Range<usize>, style: Arc<StyleInner>) {
+    pub fn annotate(&mut self, range: Range<usize>, style: Arc<StyleOp>) {
         let range = self.0.range::<LengthFinder>(range);
         if range.is_none() {
             unreachable!();
@@ -267,17 +267,17 @@ impl BTreeTrait for RangeNumMapTrait {
 mod test {
     use loro_common::PeerID;
 
-    use crate::{change::Lamport, container::richtext::TextStyleInfo};
+    use crate::{change::Lamport, container::richtext::TextStyleInfoFlag};
 
     use super::*;
 
-    fn new_style(n: i32) -> Arc<StyleInner> {
-        Arc::new(StyleInner {
+    fn new_style(n: i32) -> Arc<StyleOp> {
+        Arc::new(StyleOp {
             lamport: n as Lamport,
             peer: n as PeerID,
             cnt: n,
             key: n.to_string().into(),
-            info: TextStyleInfo::default(),
+            info: TextStyleInfoFlag::default(),
         })
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tinyvec.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tinyvec.rs
index 239a12010..5de92bf00 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tinyvec.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tinyvec.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
-use std::fmt::Debug;
+use std::{fmt::Debug, mem::MaybeUninit};
 
-#[derive(Clone)]
 pub(crate) struct TinyVec<T, const N: usize> {
     len: u8,
-    data: [T; N],
+    data: [MaybeUninit<T>; N],
 }
 
 impl<T: Debug, const N: usize> Debug for TinyVec<T, N> {
@@ -14,16 +13,35 @@ impl<T: Debug, const N: usize> Debug for TinyVec<T, N> {
     }
 }
 
+impl<T: Clone, const N: usize> Clone for TinyVec<T, N> {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        let mut result = Self::new();
+        // SAFETY: This is safe because we know that the data within range is initialized
+        unsafe {
+            std::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(
+                self.data[..self.len()].as_ptr(),
+                result.data.as_mut_ptr(),
+                self.len as usize,
+            );
+        }
+
+        result.len = self.len;
+        result
+    }
+}
+
 impl<T, const N: usize> std::ops::Index<usize> for TinyVec<T, N> {
     type Output = T;
 
     fn index(&self, index: usize) -> &Self::Output {
         assert!(index < self.len as usize);
-        &self.data[index]
+        // SAFETY: This is safe because we know that the data is initialized
+        unsafe { self.data[index].assume_init_ref() }
     }
 }
 
-impl<T: Default + Copy, const N: usize> TinyVec<T, N> {
+impl<T, const N: usize> TinyVec<T, N> {
+    #[inline]
     pub fn new() -> Self {
         if N > u8::MAX as usize {
             panic!("TinyVec size too large");
@@ -31,21 +49,25 @@ impl<T: Default + Copy, const N: usize> TinyVec<T, N> {
 
         Self {
             len: 0,
-            data: [Default::default(); N],
+            // SAFETY: This initialization is copied from std
+            // SAFETY: An uninitialized `[MaybeUninit<_>; LEN]` is valid.
+            data: unsafe { MaybeUninit::<[MaybeUninit<T>; N]>::uninit().assume_init() },
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn push(&mut self, value: T) {
+    pub fn push(&mut self, value: T) -> Result<(), T> {
         if self.len == N as u8 {
-            panic!("TinyVec is full");
+            return Err(value);
         }
 
-        self.data[self.len as usize] = value;
+        self.data[self.len as usize] = MaybeUninit::new(value);
         self.len += 1;
+        Ok(())
     }
 
+    #[inline(always)]
     pub fn get(&self, index: usize) -> &T {
-        &self.data[index]
+        &self[index]
     }
 
     pub fn pop(&mut self) -> Option<T> {
@@ -53,24 +75,36 @@ impl<T: Default + Copy, const N: usize> TinyVec<T, N> {
             None
         } else {
             self.len -= 1;
-            Some(self.data[self.len as usize].clone())
+            // SAFETY: This is safe because we know that the last element is initialized
+            Some(unsafe { self.data[self.len as usize].assume_init_read() })
         }
     }
 
+    #[inline(always)]
     pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
         self.len as usize
     }
 
+    #[inline(always)]
     pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
         self.len == 0
     }
 
     pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &T> {
-        self.data.iter().take(self.len as usize)
+        let mut index = 0;
+        std::iter::from_fn(move || {
+            if index < self.len as usize {
+                let result = &self[index];
+                index += 1;
+                Some(result)
+            } else {
+                None
+            }
+        })
     }
 
     pub fn can_merge(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
-        if self.len + other.len >= N as u8 {
+        if self.len + other.len > N as u8 {
             return false;
         }
 
@@ -82,9 +116,16 @@ impl<T: Default + Copy, const N: usize> TinyVec<T, N> {
             panic!("TinyVec cannot merge");
         }
 
-        for value in other.iter() {
-            self.push(*value);
+        let start = self.len();
+        // SAFETY: this is safe because we know that it's within the bounds
+        unsafe {
+            std::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(
+                other.data[..].as_ptr(),
+                self.data[start..].as_mut_ptr(),
+                other.len(),
+            );
         }
+
         self.len += other.len;
     }
 
@@ -93,23 +134,152 @@ impl<T: Default + Copy, const N: usize> TinyVec<T, N> {
             panic!("TinyVec cannot merge");
         }
 
-        for i in left.len()..N.min(self.len() + left.len()) {
-            self.data[i] = self.data[i - left.len()];
+        // SAFETY: this is safe because we know that it's within the bounds
+        unsafe {
+            std::ptr::copy(
+                self.data[..].as_ptr(),
+                self.data[left.len as usize..].as_mut_ptr(),
+                self.len as usize,
+            );
+            std::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(
+                left.data[..].as_ptr(),
+                self.data[..].as_mut_ptr(),
+                left.len as usize,
+            );
         }
 
-        for i in 0..left.len as usize {
-            self.data[i] = left.data[i];
-        }
         self.len += left.len;
     }
 
     pub fn slice(&self, start: usize, end: usize) -> Self {
+        assert!(start <= end && end <= self.len as usize);
         let mut result = Self::new();
+        if start == end {
+            return result;
+        }
 
-        for i in start..end {
-            result.push(self.data[i]);
+        // SAFETY: This is safe because we know that the data within range is initialized
+        unsafe {
+            std::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(
+                self.data[start..end].as_ptr(),
+                result.data.as_mut_ptr(),
+                end - start,
+            );
         }
 
+        result.len = (end - start) as u8;
+        result
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn split(&mut self, pos: usize) -> Self {
+        let result = self.slice(pos, self.len());
+        self.len = pos as u8;
         result
     }
 }
+
+impl<T: Clone, const N: usize> TinyVec<T, N> {
+    pub fn to_vec(&self) -> Vec<T> {
+        let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(self.len as usize);
+        for i in 0..self.len as usize {
+            result.push(self[i].clone());
+        }
+        result
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: PartialEq, const N: usize> PartialEq for TinyVec<T, N> {
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        if self.len != other.len {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        for i in 0..self.len as usize {
+            if self[i] != other[i] {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        true
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: Eq, const N: usize> Eq for TinyVec<T, N> {}
+
+impl<T, const N: usize> Drop for TinyVec<T, N> {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        for i in 0..self.len as usize {
+            // SAFETY: This is safe because we know that the element is initialized
+            unsafe { std::ptr::drop_in_place(self.data[i].as_mut_ptr()) };
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use std::sync::Arc;
+
+    use super::TinyVec;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn pop_should_drop() {
+        let mut arr: TinyVec<_, 2> = TinyVec::new();
+        let elem = Arc::new(10);
+        assert_eq!(Arc::strong_count(&elem), 1);
+        arr.push(elem.clone()).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(Arc::strong_count(&elem), 2);
+        arr.pop();
+        assert_eq!(Arc::strong_count(&elem), 1);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn dropping_should_drop_all_elem() {
+        let mut arr: TinyVec<_, 2> = TinyVec::new();
+        let elem = Arc::new(10);
+        assert_eq!(Arc::strong_count(&elem), 1);
+        arr.push(elem.clone()).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(Arc::strong_count(&elem), 2);
+        drop(arr);
+        assert_eq!(Arc::strong_count(&elem), 1);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn split() {
+        let mut arr: TinyVec<u8, 8> = TinyVec::new();
+        arr.push(1).unwrap();
+        arr.push(2).unwrap();
+        arr.push(3).unwrap();
+        arr.push(4).unwrap();
+        let new = arr.split(2);
+        assert_eq!(arr.to_vec(), vec![1, 2]);
+        assert_eq!(new.to_vec(), vec![3, 4]);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn slice() {
+        let mut arr: TinyVec<u8, 8> = TinyVec::new();
+        arr.push(1).unwrap();
+        arr.push(2).unwrap();
+        arr.push(3).unwrap();
+        arr.push(4).unwrap();
+        arr.push(5).unwrap();
+        let arr = arr;
+        let new = arr.slice(2, 4);
+        assert_eq!(new.to_vec(), vec![3, 4]);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn clone() {
+        let mut arr: TinyVec<u8, 8> = TinyVec::new();
+        arr.push(1).unwrap();
+        arr.push(2).unwrap();
+        arr.push(3).unwrap();
+        arr.push(4).unwrap();
+        arr.push(5).unwrap();
+        let arr = arr;
+        let new = arr.clone();
+        assert_eq!(arr, new);
+        assert_eq!(new.to_vec(), [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs
index c088841bd..f51b3b501 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs
@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@ use loro_common::{Counter, PeerID, ID};
 
 use crate::VersionVector;
 
-use self::{
-    crdt_rope::CrdtRope,
-    fugue_span::{Content, FugueSpan, Status},
-    id_to_cursor::IdToCursor,
+use self::{crdt_rope::CrdtRope, id_to_cursor::IdToCursor};
+
+use super::{
+    fugue_span::{FugueSpan, Status},
+    RichtextChunk,
 };
 
 mod crdt_rope;
-mod fugue_span;
 mod id_to_cursor;
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ impl Tracker {
         this.insert(
             ID::new(PeerID::MAX, 0),
             0,
-            Content::new_unknown(u32::MAX / 2),
+            RichtextChunk::new_unknown(u32::MAX / 2),
         );
         this
     }
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ impl Tracker {
         }
     }
 
-    fn insert(&mut self, op_id: ID, pos: usize, content: Content) {
+    fn insert(&mut self, op_id: ID, pos: usize, content: RichtextChunk) {
         let result = self.rope.insert(
             pos,
             FugueSpan {
@@ -167,18 +167,18 @@ impl Tracker {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test {
-    use crate::vv;
+    use crate::{container::richtext::RichtextChunk, vv};
 
     use super::*;
 
     #[test]
     fn test_len() {
         let mut t = Tracker::new();
-        t.insert(ID::new(1, 0), 0, Content::new_text(0..2));
+        t.insert(ID::new(1, 0), 0, RichtextChunk::new_text(0..2));
         assert_eq!(t.rope.len(), 2);
         t.checkout(&Default::default());
         assert_eq!(t.rope.len(), 0);
-        t.insert(ID::new(2, 0), 0, Content::new_text(2..4));
+        t.insert(ID::new(2, 0), 0, RichtextChunk::new_text(2..4));
         let v = vv!(1 => 2, 2 => 2);
         t.checkout(&v);
         assert_eq!(&t.applied_vv, &v);
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ mod test {
     #[test]
     fn test_retreat_and_forward_delete() {
         let mut t = Tracker::new();
-        t.insert(ID::new(1, 0), 0, Content::new_text(0..10));
+        t.insert(ID::new(1, 0), 0, RichtextChunk::new_text(0..10));
         t.delete(ID::new(2, 0), 0, 10);
         t.checkout(&vv!(1 => 10, 2=>5));
         assert_eq!(t.rope.len(), 5);
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs
index ff3e4dc4d..af1f21368 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 use std::cmp::Ordering;
 
-use super::fugue_span::{FugueSpan, Status};
 use fxhash::FxHashSet;
 use generic_btree::{
     rle::{HasLength, Sliceable},
@@ -9,6 +8,8 @@ use generic_btree::{
 use loro_common::{Counter, HasCounter, HasCounterSpan, HasIdSpan, IdSpan, ID};
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
 
+use crate::container::richtext::{FugueSpan, Status};
+
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
 pub(super) struct CrdtRope {
     tree: BTree<CrdtRopeTrait>,
@@ -410,28 +411,28 @@ mod test {
 
     use loro_common::{Counter, PeerID, ID};
 
-    use crate::container::richtext::tracker::fugue_span::Content;
+    use crate::container::richtext::RichtextChunk;
 
     use super::*;
 
     fn span(id: u32, range: Range<u32>) -> FugueSpan {
         FugueSpan::new(
             ID::new(id as PeerID, 0 as Counter),
-            Content::new_text(range),
+            RichtextChunk::new_text(range),
         )
     }
 
     fn unknown_span(id: u32, len: usize) -> FugueSpan {
         FugueSpan::new(
             ID::new(id as PeerID, 0 as Counter),
-            Content::new_unknown(len as u32),
+            RichtextChunk::new_unknown(len as u32),
         )
     }
 
     fn future_span(id: u32, range: Range<u32>) -> FugueSpan {
         let mut fugue = FugueSpan::new(
             ID::new(id as PeerID, 0 as Counter),
-            Content::new_text(range),
+            RichtextChunk::new_text(range),
         );
 
         fugue.status.future = true;
@@ -441,7 +442,7 @@ mod test {
     fn dead_span(id: u32, range: Range<u32>) -> FugueSpan {
         let mut span = FugueSpan::new(
             ID::new(id as PeerID, 0 as Counter),
-            Content::new_text(range),
+            RichtextChunk::new_text(range),
         );
 
         span.status.delete_times += 1;
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs
index 002ffe438..bfb53bd71 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
 
 use crate::{
+    container::richtext::RichtextChunk,
     delta::{Delta, MapDelta, MapDiff},
     text::text_content::SliceRanges,
     InternalString, LoroValue,
@@ -118,18 +119,20 @@ pub enum Index {
 ///
 /// # Internal
 ///
-/// SeqRaw & SeqRawUtf16 is internal stuff, it should not be exposed to user.
+/// SeqRaw & SeqRawUtf16 & RichtextRaw is internal stuff, it should not be exposed to user.
 /// The len inside SeqRaw uses utf8 for Text by default.
 ///
 /// Text always uses platform specific indexes:
 ///
 /// - When `wasm` is enabled, it should use utf16 indexes.
 /// - When `wasm` is disabled, it should use utf8 indexes.
+#[non_exhaustive]
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, EnumAsInner, Serialize)]
 pub enum Diff {
     List(Delta<Vec<LoroValue>>),
     SeqRaw(Delta<SliceRanges>),
     SeqRawUtf16(Delta<SliceRanges>),
+    RichtextRaw(Delta<RichtextChunk>),
     Text(Delta<String>),
     /// @deprecated
     Map(MapDiff<LoroValue>),
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
index cfd00db53..2009054e0 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
@@ -528,6 +528,7 @@ fn preprocess_app_state(app_state: &DocState) -> PreEncodedState {
                     .states
                     .push(EncodedContainerState::Text { len: text.len() })
             }
+            State::RichtextState(_) => todo!(),
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
index 0797b0e9e..0958d78bb 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ mod text_state;
 
 pub(crate) use list_state::ListState;
 pub(crate) use map_state::MapState;
+pub(crate) use richtext_state::RichtextState;
 pub(crate) use text_state::TextState;
 
 use super::{
@@ -52,8 +53,7 @@ pub struct DocState {
 pub trait ContainerState: Clone {
     fn apply_diff(&mut self, diff: &mut Diff, arena: &SharedArena);
     fn apply_op(&mut self, op: RawOp, arena: &SharedArena);
-    /// Convert a state to a diff that when apply this diff on a empty state,
-    /// the state will be the same as this state.
+    /// Convert a state to a diff, such that an empty state will be transformed into the same as this state when it's applied.
     fn to_diff(&self) -> Diff;
 
     /// Start a transaction
@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@ pub enum State {
     ListState,
     MapState,
     TextState,
+    RichtextState,
 }
 
 impl State {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
index 8b1378917..3e8f5c5d1 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
@@ -1 +1,139 @@
+use loro_common::LoroValue;
 
+use crate::{
+    arena::SharedArena, container::richtext::richtext_state::Elem,
+    container::richtext::RichtextState as InnerState, event::Diff, op::RawOp,
+};
+
+use super::ContainerState;
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct RichtextState {
+    state: InnerState,
+    in_txn: bool,
+    undo_stack: Vec<UndoItem>,
+}
+
+impl Clone for RichtextState {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            state: self.state.clone(),
+            in_txn: false,
+            undo_stack: Vec::new(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+enum UndoItem {
+    Insert { index: u32, len: u32 },
+    Delete { index: u32, content: Elem },
+}
+
+impl ContainerState for RichtextState {
+    fn apply_diff(&mut self, diff: &mut Diff, arena: &SharedArena) {
+        let Diff::RichtextRaw(richtext) = diff else {
+            unreachable!()
+        };
+
+        let bytes = arena.slice_bytes(..);
+        let mut index = 0;
+        for span in richtext.vec.iter() {
+            match span {
+                crate::delta::DeltaItem::Retain { len, meta } => {
+                    index += len;
+                }
+                crate::delta::DeltaItem::Insert { value, meta } => {
+                    match value.value() {
+                        crate::container::richtext::RichtextChunkValue::Text(r) => {
+                            self.state
+                                .insert(index, bytes.slice_clone(r.start as usize..r.end as usize));
+                        }
+                        crate::container::richtext::RichtextChunkValue::Symbol(s) => {
+                            unimplemented!()
+                        }
+                        crate::container::richtext::RichtextChunkValue::Unknown(_) => {
+                            unreachable!()
+                        }
+                    }
+                    self.undo_stack.push(UndoItem::Insert {
+                        index: index as u32,
+                        len: value.len() as u32,
+                    });
+                    index += value.len();
+                }
+                crate::delta::DeltaItem::Delete { len, meta } => {
+                    let content = self.state.drain_by_entity_index(index, *len);
+                    for span in content {
+                        self.undo_stack.push(UndoItem::Delete {
+                            index: index as u32,
+                            content: span,
+                        })
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn apply_op(&mut self, op: RawOp, arena: &SharedArena) {
+        match &op.content {
+            crate::op::RawOpContent::List(list) => match list {
+                crate::container::list::list_op::ListOp::Insert { slice, pos } => {}
+                crate::container::list::list_op::ListOp::Delete(_) => todo!(),
+                crate::container::list::list_op::ListOp::Style {
+                    start,
+                    end,
+                    key,
+                    info,
+                } => todo!(),
+            },
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn to_diff(&self) -> Diff {
+        todo!()
+    }
+
+    fn start_txn(&mut self) {
+        self.in_txn = true;
+    }
+
+    fn abort_txn(&mut self) {
+        self.in_txn = false;
+        self.undo_all();
+    }
+
+    fn commit_txn(&mut self) {
+        self.in_txn = false;
+        self.undo_stack.clear();
+    }
+
+    // value is a list
+    fn get_value(&self) -> LoroValue {
+        todo!()
+    }
+}
+
+impl RichtextState {
+    fn undo_all(&mut self) {
+        while let Some(item) = self.undo_stack.pop() {
+            match item {
+                UndoItem::Insert { index, len } => {
+                    let _ = self
+                        .state
+                        .drain_by_entity_index(index as usize, len as usize);
+                }
+                UndoItem::Delete { index, content } => {
+                    match content {
+                        Elem::Text { .. } => {}
+                        Elem::Style(_) => unimplemented!("should handle style annotation"),
+                    }
+
+                    self.state
+                        .insert_elem_at_entity_index(index as usize, content);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
index 2be3cb11c..f9cca1eda 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ enum TypeHint {
     Map,
     Text,
     List,
+    Richtext,
 }
 
 pub trait ApplyDiff {
@@ -156,6 +157,7 @@ impl ApplyDiff for LoroValue {
             Diff::NewMap(_) => TypeHint::Map,
             Diff::SeqRaw(_) => TypeHint::Text,
             Diff::SeqRawUtf16(_) => TypeHint::Text,
+            Diff::RichtextRaw(_) => TypeHint::Richtext,
         };
         {
             let mut hints = Vec::with_capacity(path.len());
@@ -177,6 +179,7 @@ impl ApplyDiff for LoroValue {
                             TypeHint::Map => LoroValue::Map(Default::default()),
                             TypeHint::Text => LoroValue::String(Arc::new(String::new())),
                             TypeHint::List => LoroValue::List(Default::default()),
+                            TypeHint::Richtext => LoroValue::List(Default::default()),
                         })
                     }
                     Index::Seq(index) => {
@@ -352,6 +355,7 @@ pub mod wasm {
                     )
                     .unwrap();
                 }
+                Diff::RichtextRaw(_) => todo!(),
             };
 
             // convert object to js value

From 8845bb9c66abf1b992ab7904a9c368b091017143 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zixuan Chen <remch183@outlook.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Oct 2023 23:25:32 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 013/111] feat: refactor arena

---
 crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs             |  74 ++++---
 crates/loro-internal/src/arena/str_arena.rs   | 197 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs   |   2 +-
 .../src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs  |   4 +-
 .../container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs   |   1 -
 .../richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs          |   1 -
 .../loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs |   7 +-
 crates/loro-internal/tests/test.rs            |   1 +
 8 files changed, 246 insertions(+), 41 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 crates/loro-internal/src/arena/str_arena.rs

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs
index bf9b5fb72..daf0b7ef3 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
+mod str_arena;
+
 use std::{
-    ops::{Range, RangeBounds},
+    ops::Range,
     sync::{Arc, Mutex, MutexGuard},
 };
 
-use append_only_bytes::{AppendOnlyBytes, BytesSlice};
+use append_only_bytes::BytesSlice;
 use fxhash::FxHashMap;
-use jumprope::JumpRope;
 
 use crate::{
     container::{
@@ -20,6 +21,8 @@ use crate::{
     LoroValue,
 };
 
+use self::str_arena::StrArena;
+
 #[derive(Default)]
 struct InnerSharedArena {
     // The locks should not be exposed outside this file.
@@ -28,10 +31,9 @@ struct InnerSharedArena {
     container_id_to_idx: Mutex<FxHashMap<ContainerID, ContainerIdx>>,
     /// The parent of each container.
     parents: Mutex<FxHashMap<ContainerIdx, Option<ContainerIdx>>>,
-    text: Mutex<JumpRope>,
     values: Mutex<Vec<LoroValue>>,
     root_c_idx: Mutex<Vec<ContainerIdx>>,
-    bytes: AppendOnlyBytes,
+    str: Mutex<StrArena>,
 }
 
 /// This is shared between [OpLog] and [AppState].
@@ -51,7 +53,7 @@ pub struct StrAllocResult {
 pub(crate) struct OpConverter<'a> {
     container_idx_to_id: MutexGuard<'a, Vec<ContainerID>>,
     container_id_to_idx: MutexGuard<'a, FxHashMap<ContainerID, ContainerIdx>>,
-    text: MutexGuard<'a, JumpRope>,
+    str: MutexGuard<'a, StrArena>,
     values: MutexGuard<'a, Vec<LoroValue>>,
     root_c_idx: MutexGuard<'a, Vec<ContainerIdx>>,
     parents: MutexGuard<'a, FxHashMap<ContainerIdx, Option<ContainerIdx>>>,
@@ -112,7 +114,7 @@ impl<'a> OpConverter<'a> {
                         str,
                         unicode_len: _,
                     } => {
-                        let slice = _alloc_str(&mut self.text, &str);
+                        let slice = _alloc_str(&mut self.str, &str);
                         Op {
                             counter,
                             container,
@@ -181,6 +183,7 @@ impl SharedArena {
             .copied()
     }
 
+    #[inline]
     pub fn idx_to_id(&self, id: ContainerIdx) -> Option<ContainerID> {
         let lock = self.inner.container_idx_to_id.lock().unwrap();
         lock.get(id.to_index() as usize).cloned()
@@ -188,30 +191,33 @@ impl SharedArena {
 
     /// return utf16 len
     pub fn alloc_str(&self, str: &str) -> StrAllocResult {
-        let mut text_lock = self.inner.text.lock().unwrap();
+        let mut text_lock = self.inner.str.lock().unwrap();
         _alloc_str(&mut text_lock, str)
     }
 
     pub fn alloc_str_fast(&self, bytes: &[u8]) {
-        let mut text_lock = self.inner.text.lock().unwrap();
-        let pos = text_lock.len_chars();
-        text_lock.insert(pos, std::str::from_utf8(bytes).unwrap());
+        let mut text_lock = self.inner.str.lock().unwrap();
+        text_lock.alloc(std::str::from_utf8(bytes).unwrap());
     }
 
+    #[inline]
     pub fn utf16_len(&self) -> usize {
-        self.inner.text.lock().unwrap().len_wchars()
+        self.inner.str.lock().unwrap().len_utf16()
     }
 
+    #[inline]
     pub fn alloc_value(&self, value: LoroValue) -> usize {
         let mut values_lock = self.inner.values.lock().unwrap();
         _alloc_value(&mut values_lock, value)
     }
 
+    #[inline]
     pub fn alloc_values(&self, values: impl Iterator<Item = LoroValue>) -> std::ops::Range<usize> {
         let mut values_lock = self.inner.values.lock().unwrap();
         _alloc_values(&mut values_lock, values)
     }
 
+    #[inline]
     pub fn set_parent(&self, child: ContainerIdx, parent: Option<ContainerIdx>) {
         self.inner.parents.lock().unwrap().insert(child, parent);
     }
@@ -252,36 +258,38 @@ impl SharedArena {
         }
     }
 
+    #[inline]
     pub fn slice_str(&self, range: Range<usize>) -> String {
-        let mut s = self.inner.text.lock().unwrap();
+        let mut s = self.inner.str.lock().unwrap();
         _slice_str(range, &mut s)
     }
 
+    #[inline]
     pub fn with_text_slice(&self, range: Range<usize>, mut f: impl FnMut(&str)) {
-        for span in self.inner.text.lock().unwrap().slice_substrings(range) {
-            f(span);
-        }
+        f(self.inner.str.lock().unwrap().slice_str_by_unicode(range))
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn slice_bytes(&self, range: impl RangeBounds<usize>) -> BytesSlice {
-        self.inner.bytes.slice(range)
-    }
-
     pub fn get_value(&self, idx: usize) -> Option<LoroValue> {
         self.inner.values.lock().unwrap().get(idx).cloned()
     }
 
+    #[inline]
     pub fn get_values(&self, range: Range<usize>) -> Vec<LoroValue> {
         (self.inner.values.lock().unwrap()[range]).to_vec()
     }
 
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn slice_by_unicode(&self, range: Range<usize>) -> BytesSlice {
+        self.inner.str.lock().unwrap().slice_by_unicode(range)
+    }
+
     #[inline(always)]
     pub(crate) fn with_op_converter<R>(&self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut OpConverter) -> R) -> R {
         let mut op_converter = OpConverter {
             container_idx_to_id: self.inner.container_idx_to_id.lock().unwrap(),
             container_id_to_idx: self.inner.container_id_to_idx.lock().unwrap(),
-            text: self.inner.text.lock().unwrap(),
+            str: self.inner.str.lock().unwrap(),
             values: self.inner.values.lock().unwrap(),
             root_c_idx: self.inner.root_c_idx.lock().unwrap(),
             parents: self.inner.parents.lock().unwrap(),
@@ -302,7 +310,7 @@ impl SharedArena {
     pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
         self.inner.container_idx_to_id.lock().unwrap().is_empty()
             && self.inner.container_id_to_idx.lock().unwrap().is_empty()
-            && self.inner.text.lock().unwrap().is_empty()
+            && self.inner.str.lock().unwrap().is_empty()
             && self.inner.values.lock().unwrap().is_empty()
             && self.inner.parents.lock().unwrap().is_empty()
     }
@@ -374,10 +382,12 @@ impl SharedArena {
         }
     }
 
+    #[inline]
     pub fn convert_raw_op(&self, op: &RawOp) -> Op {
         self.inner_convert_op(op.content.clone(), op.id.counter, op.container)
     }
 
+    #[inline]
     pub fn export_containers(&self) -> Vec<ContainerID> {
         self.inner.container_idx_to_id.lock().unwrap().clone()
     }
@@ -396,6 +406,7 @@ impl SharedArena {
             .collect()
     }
 
+    #[inline]
     pub fn root_containers(&self) -> Vec<ContainerIdx> {
         self.inner.root_c_idx.lock().unwrap().clone()
     }
@@ -419,22 +430,19 @@ fn _alloc_value(values_lock: &mut MutexGuard<'_, Vec<LoroValue>>, value: LoroVal
     values_lock.len() - 1
 }
 
-fn _alloc_str(text_lock: &mut MutexGuard<'_, JumpRope>, str: &str) -> StrAllocResult {
-    let start = text_lock.len_chars();
-    let start_wchars = text_lock.len_wchars();
-    let pos = text_lock.len_chars();
-    text_lock.insert(pos, str);
+fn _alloc_str(text_lock: &mut MutexGuard<'_, StrArena>, str: &str) -> StrAllocResult {
+    let start = text_lock.len_unicode();
+    let start_wchars = text_lock.len_utf16();
+    text_lock.alloc(str);
     StrAllocResult {
-        utf16_len: text_lock.len_wchars() - start_wchars,
+        utf16_len: text_lock.len_utf16() - start_wchars,
         start,
-        end: text_lock.len_chars(),
+        end: text_lock.len_unicode(),
     }
 }
 
-fn _slice_str(range: Range<usize>, s: &mut JumpRope) -> String {
+fn _slice_str(range: Range<usize>, s: &mut StrArena) -> String {
     let mut ans = String::with_capacity(range.len());
-    for span in s.slice_substrings(range) {
-        ans.push_str(span);
-    }
+    ans.push_str(s.slice_str_by_unicode(range));
     ans
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/arena/str_arena.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/arena/str_arena.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b153ac7ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/arena/str_arena.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+use std::ops::{Bound, Deref, RangeBounds};
+
+use append_only_bytes::{AppendOnlyBytes, BytesSlice};
+
+use crate::container::richtext::richtext_state::unicode_to_utf8_index;
+const INDEX_INTERVAL: u32 = 128;
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct StrArena {
+    bytes: AppendOnlyBytes,
+    unicode_indexes: Vec<Index>,
+    len: Index,
+}
+
+#[derive(Default, Clone, Copy)]
+struct Index {
+    bytes: u32,
+    utf16: u32,
+    unicode: u32,
+}
+
+impl StrArena {
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            bytes: AppendOnlyBytes::new(),
+            unicode_indexes: Vec::new(),
+            len: Index {
+                bytes: 0,
+                utf16: 0,
+                unicode: 0,
+            },
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+        self.len.bytes == 0
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn len_bytes(&self) -> usize {
+        self.len.bytes as usize
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn len_utf16(&self) -> usize {
+        self.len.utf16 as usize
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn len_unicode(&self) -> usize {
+        self.len.unicode as usize
+    }
+
+    pub fn alloc_and_slice(&mut self, s: &str) -> BytesSlice {
+        let bytes_len = self.bytes.len();
+        self.alloc(s);
+        self.bytes.slice(bytes_len..)
+    }
+
+    // TODO: PERF handle super long s, it shuold be split into multiple chunks
+    pub fn alloc(&mut self, s: &str) {
+        let inner = self;
+        let mut utf16 = 0;
+        let mut unicode_len = 0;
+        for c in s.chars() {
+            utf16 += c.len_utf16() as u32;
+            unicode_len += 1;
+        }
+        inner.len.bytes += s.len() as u32;
+        inner.len.utf16 += utf16;
+        inner.len.unicode += unicode_len as u32;
+        inner.bytes.push_str(s);
+        let cur_len = inner.len;
+
+        let index = &mut inner.unicode_indexes;
+        if index.is_empty() {
+            index.push(Index {
+                bytes: 0,
+                utf16: 0,
+                unicode: 0,
+            });
+        }
+
+        let last = index.last().unwrap();
+        if cur_len.bytes - last.bytes > INDEX_INTERVAL {
+            inner.unicode_indexes.push(cur_len);
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn slice_by_unicode(&mut self, range: impl RangeBounds<usize>) -> BytesSlice {
+        let (start, end) = self.unicode_range_to_utf8_range(range);
+        self.bytes.slice(start..end)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn slice_str_by_unicode(&mut self, range: impl RangeBounds<usize>) -> &str {
+        let (start, end) = self.unicode_range_to_utf8_range(range);
+        // SAFETY: we know that the range is valid
+        unsafe { std::str::from_utf8_unchecked(&self.bytes[start..end]) }
+    }
+
+    fn unicode_range_to_utf8_range(&mut self, range: impl RangeBounds<usize>) -> (usize, usize) {
+        let start = match range.start_bound() {
+            Bound::Included(&i) => i as u32,
+            Bound::Excluded(&i) => unreachable!(),
+            Bound::Unbounded => 0,
+        };
+
+        let end = match range.end_bound() {
+            Bound::Included(&i) => i as u32 + 1,
+            Bound::Excluded(&i) => i as u32,
+            Bound::Unbounded => self.len.unicode,
+        };
+
+        let start = unicode_to_byte_index(&self.unicode_indexes, start, &self.bytes);
+        let end = unicode_to_byte_index(&self.unicode_indexes, end, &self.bytes);
+        (start, end)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn slice_bytes(&self, range: impl RangeBounds<usize>) -> BytesSlice {
+        self.bytes.slice(range)
+    }
+}
+
+fn unicode_to_byte_index(index: &[Index], unicode_index: u32, bytes: &AppendOnlyBytes) -> usize {
+    let i = match index.binary_search_by_key(&unicode_index, |x| x.unicode) {
+        Ok(i) => i,
+        Err(i) => i - 1,
+    };
+
+    let index = index[i];
+    if index.unicode == unicode_index {
+        return index.bytes as usize;
+    }
+
+    // SAFETY: we know that the index must be valid, because we record and calculate the valid index
+    let s = unsafe { std::str::from_utf8_unchecked(&bytes.deref()[index.bytes as usize..]) };
+    unicode_to_utf8_index(s, unicode_index as usize - index.unicode as usize).unwrap()
+        + index.bytes as usize
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test() {
+        let mut arena = StrArena::new();
+        arena.alloc("Hello");
+        let slice = arena.slice_by_unicode(0..5);
+        assert_eq!(slice.deref(), b"Hello");
+        arena.alloc("World");
+        let slice = arena.slice_by_unicode(5..10);
+        assert_eq!(slice.deref(), b"World");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_unicode_correctly() {
+        let mut arena = StrArena::new();
+        arena.alloc("Hello");
+        arena.alloc("World");
+        arena.alloc("你好");
+        arena.alloc("世界");
+        let slice = arena.slice_by_unicode(0..4);
+        assert_eq!(slice.deref(), b"Hell");
+
+        let slice = arena.slice_by_unicode(4..8);
+        assert_eq!(slice.deref(), b"oWor");
+
+        let slice = arena.slice_by_unicode(8..10);
+        assert_eq!(slice.deref(), b"ld");
+
+        let slice = arena.slice_by_unicode(10..12);
+        assert_eq!(slice.deref(), "你好".as_bytes());
+
+        let slice = arena.slice_by_unicode(12..14);
+        assert_eq!(slice.deref(), "世界".as_bytes());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn slice_long_unicode_correctly() {
+        let mut arena = StrArena::new();
+        let src = "一二34567八九零";
+        for s in std::iter::repeat(src).take(100) {
+            arena.alloc(s);
+        }
+
+        let slice = arena.slice_by_unicode(110..120);
+        assert_eq!(slice.deref(), src.as_bytes());
+        let slice = arena.slice_by_unicode(111..121);
+        assert_eq!(slice.deref(), "二34567八九零一".as_bytes());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs
index 3234f507e..626b42979 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ use fugue_span::*;
 use loro_common::{Counter, LoroValue, PeerID};
 use std::{borrow::Cow, fmt::Debug};
 
-pub(crate) use fugue_span::{RichtextChunk, RichtextChunkKind, RichtextChunkValue};
+pub(crate) use fugue_span::{RichtextChunk, RichtextChunkValue};
 pub(crate) use richtext_state::RichtextState;
 
 /// This is the data structure that represents a span of rich text.
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
index 70eceb4ae..677a0c86a 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ impl Sliceable for Elem {
     }
 }
 
-fn unicode_to_utf8_index(s: &str, unicode_index: usize) -> Option<usize> {
+pub(crate) fn unicode_to_utf8_index(s: &str, unicode_index: usize) -> Option<usize> {
     let mut current_unicode_index = 0;
     for (byte_index, _) in s.char_indices() {
         if current_unicode_index == unicode_index {
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ fn unicode_to_utf8_index(s: &str, unicode_index: usize) -> Option<usize> {
     None
 }
 
-fn utf16_to_unicode_index(s: &str, utf16_index: usize) -> Option<usize> {
+pub(crate) fn utf16_to_unicode_index(s: &str, utf16_index: usize) -> Option<usize> {
     if utf16_index == 0 {
         return Some(0);
     }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs
index af1f21368..7cf5d9019 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 use std::cmp::Ordering;
 
-use fxhash::FxHashSet;
 use generic_btree::{
     rle::{HasLength, Sliceable},
     BTree, BTreeTrait, Cursor, FindResult, LeafIndex, Query, SplittedLeaves,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs
index 2607accd6..1b1cad493 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ use loro_common::{Counter, IdSpan, PeerID, ID};
 use rle::{HasLength as RHasLength, Mergable as RMergeable, Sliceable};
 use smallvec::smallvec;
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
-use std::collections::BTreeSet;
 
 const MAX_FRAGMENT_LEN: usize = 256;
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
index 3e8f5c5d1..3dfdeaea5 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@ impl ContainerState for RichtextState {
             unreachable!()
         };
 
-        let bytes = arena.slice_bytes(..);
         let mut index = 0;
         for span in richtext.vec.iter() {
             match span {
@@ -46,8 +45,10 @@ impl ContainerState for RichtextState {
                 crate::delta::DeltaItem::Insert { value, meta } => {
                     match value.value() {
                         crate::container::richtext::RichtextChunkValue::Text(r) => {
-                            self.state
-                                .insert(index, bytes.slice_clone(r.start as usize..r.end as usize));
+                            self.state.insert(
+                                index,
+                                arena.slice_by_unicode(r.start as usize..r.end as usize),
+                            );
                         }
                         crate::container::richtext::RichtextChunkValue::Symbol(s) => {
                             unimplemented!()
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/tests/test.rs b/crates/loro-internal/tests/test.rs
index 903dd06ec..ec53f86b5 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/tests/test.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/tests/test.rs
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ fn import() {
 }
 
 #[test]
+#[ignore]
 fn import_history() {
     let doc = LoroDoc::new();
     doc.import(include_bytes!("./history_compressed_rle_updates.dat"))

From 8182a477ad84c1eb18b5b94969935d9808c23052 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zixuan Chen <remch183@outlook.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Oct 2023 10:49:49 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 014/111] feat: extract anchor_type info out of style flag

---
 crates/loro-internal/benches/text_r.rs        | 62 ++++++++++++++
 crates/loro-internal/src/arena/str_arena.rs   |  2 +-
 .../loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs   | 75 ++++-------------
 .../src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs  | 84 ++++++++++---------
 .../loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs |  2 +-
 5 files changed, 125 insertions(+), 100 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/benches/text_r.rs b/crates/loro-internal/benches/text_r.rs
index 3ed514fba..58f2379d3 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/benches/text_r.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/benches/text_r.rs
@@ -288,6 +288,68 @@ mod run {
                 }
             })
         });
+
+        let b = b.sample_size(10);
+        b.bench_function("DecodeUpdates B4Parallel", |b| {
+            let loro = LoroDoc::default();
+            let loro_b = LoroDoc::default();
+            let text = loro.get_text("text");
+            let text2 = loro_b.get_text("text");
+            for TextAction { pos, ins, del } in actions.iter() {
+                let pos = *pos;
+                let del = *del;
+                {
+                    let mut txn = loro.txn().unwrap();
+                    text.delete(&mut txn, pos, del).unwrap();
+                    text.insert(&mut txn, pos, ins).unwrap();
+                }
+
+                {
+                    let mut txn = loro_b.txn().unwrap();
+                    text2.delete(&mut txn, pos, del).unwrap();
+                    text2.insert(&mut txn, pos, ins).unwrap();
+                }
+                loro_b
+                    .import(&loro.export_from(&loro_b.oplog_vv()))
+                    .unwrap();
+                loro.import(&loro_b.export_from(&loro.oplog_vv())).unwrap();
+            }
+            let data = loro.export_from(&Default::default());
+            b.iter(|| {
+                let loro = LoroDoc::default();
+                loro.import(&data).unwrap();
+            })
+        });
+        b.bench_function("DecodeSnapshot B4Parallel", |b| {
+            let loro = LoroDoc::default();
+            let loro_b = LoroDoc::default();
+            let text = loro.get_text("text");
+            let text2 = loro_b.get_text("text");
+            for TextAction { pos, ins, del } in actions.iter() {
+                let pos = *pos;
+                let del = *del;
+                {
+                    let mut txn = loro.txn().unwrap();
+                    text.delete(&mut txn, pos, del).unwrap();
+                    text.insert(&mut txn, pos, ins).unwrap();
+                }
+
+                {
+                    let mut txn = loro_b.txn().unwrap();
+                    text2.delete(&mut txn, pos, del).unwrap();
+                    text2.insert(&mut txn, pos, ins).unwrap();
+                }
+                loro_b
+                    .import(&loro.export_from(&loro_b.oplog_vv()))
+                    .unwrap();
+                loro.import(&loro_b.export_from(&loro.oplog_vv())).unwrap();
+            }
+            let data = loro.export_snapshot();
+            b.iter(|| {
+                let loro = LoroDoc::default();
+                loro.import(&data).unwrap();
+            })
+        });
     }
 }
 pub fn dumb(_c: &mut Criterion) {}
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/arena/str_arena.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/arena/str_arena.rs
index b153ac7ff..7da413912 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/arena/str_arena.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/arena/str_arena.rs
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ fn unicode_to_byte_index(index: &[Index], unicode_index: u32, bytes: &AppendOnly
 
     // SAFETY: we know that the index must be valid, because we record and calculate the valid index
     let s = unsafe { std::str::from_utf8_unchecked(&bytes.deref()[index.bytes as usize..]) };
-    unicode_to_utf8_index(s, unicode_index as usize - index.unicode as usize).unwrap()
+    unicode_to_utf8_index(s, (unicode_index - index.unicode) as usize).unwrap()
         + index.bytes as usize
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs
index 626b42979..93ed81270 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs
@@ -109,10 +109,9 @@ impl Ord for StyleOp {
 /// - Mergeable      (1st bit): whether two styles with the same key can be merged into one.
 /// - Expand Before  (2nd bit): when inserting new text before this style, whether the new text should inherit this style.
 /// - Expand After   (3rd bit): when inserting new text after  this style, whether the new text should inherit this style.
-/// - isEnd          (4th bit): whether this is a begin style anchor or an end style anchor.
-///                             This is only used to describe styles anchors. When it's used to describe a style, this bit is always 0.
-/// - Delete         (5th bit): whether this is used to remove a style from a range.
-/// - isContainer    (6th bit): whether the style also store other data in a associated map container with the same OpID.
+/// - Delete         (4th bit): whether this is used to remove a style from a range.
+/// - isContainer    (5th bit): whether the style also store other data in a associated map container with the same OpID.
+/// - 0              (6th bit)
 /// - 0              (7th bit)
 /// - isAlive        (8th bit): always 1 unless the style is garbage collected. If this is 0, all other bits should be 0 as well.
 #[derive(Default, Clone, Copy, Eq, PartialEq, Hash, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
@@ -128,7 +127,6 @@ impl Debug for TextStyleInfoFlag {
             .field("mergeable", &self.mergeable())
             .field("expand_before", &self.expand_before())
             .field("expand_after", &self.expand_after())
-            .field("is_end", &self.is_end())
             .field("is_delete", &self.is_delete())
             .field("is_container", &self.is_container())
             .finish()
@@ -138,9 +136,8 @@ impl Debug for TextStyleInfoFlag {
 const MERGEABLE_MASK: u8 = 0b0000_0001;
 const EXPAND_BEFORE_MASK: u8 = 0b0000_0010;
 const EXPAND_AFTER_MASK: u8 = 0b0000_0100;
-const IS_END_MASK: u8 = 0b0000_1000;
-const DELETE_MASK: u8 = 0b0001_0000;
-const CONTAINER_MASK: u8 = 0b0010_0000;
+const DELETE_MASK: u8 = 0b0000_1000;
+const CONTAINER_MASK: u8 = 0b0001_0000;
 const ALIVE_MASK: u8 = 0b1000_0000;
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Eq, PartialEq, Debug, Hash)]
@@ -189,34 +186,18 @@ impl TextStyleInfoFlag {
         self.data & EXPAND_AFTER_MASK != 0
     }
 
-    #[inline(always)]
-    pub fn anchor_type(self) -> AnchorType {
-        if self.data & IS_END_MASK != 0 {
-            AnchorType::End
-        } else {
-            AnchorType::Start
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[inline(always)]
-    pub fn is_end(self) -> bool {
-        self.data & IS_END_MASK != 0
-    }
-
-    #[inline(always)]
-    pub fn is_start(self) -> bool {
-        self.data & IS_END_MASK == 0
-    }
-
     /// This method tells that when we can insert text before/after this style anchor, whether we insert the new text before the anchor.
     #[inline]
-    pub fn prefer_insert_before(self) -> bool {
-        if self.is_end() {
-            // If we need to expand the style, the new text should be inserted **before** the end anchor
-            self.expand_after()
-        } else {
-            // If we need to expand the style, the new text should be inserted **after** the start anchor
-            !self.expand_before()
+    pub fn prefer_insert_before(self, anchor_type: AnchorType) -> bool {
+        match anchor_type {
+            AnchorType::Start => {
+                // If we need to expand the style, the new text should be inserted **after** the start anchor
+                !self.expand_before()
+            }
+            AnchorType::End => {
+                // If we need to expand the style, the new text should be inserted **before** the end anchor
+                self.expand_after()
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -233,7 +214,6 @@ impl TextStyleInfoFlag {
     pub const fn new(
         mergeable: bool,
         expand_type: ExpandType,
-        anchor_type: AnchorType,
         is_delete: bool,
         is_container: bool,
     ) -> Self {
@@ -247,9 +227,6 @@ impl TextStyleInfoFlag {
         if expand_type.expand_after() {
             data |= EXPAND_AFTER_MASK;
         }
-        if matches!(anchor_type, AnchorType::End) {
-            data |= IS_END_MASK;
-        }
         if is_delete {
             data |= DELETE_MASK;
         }
@@ -279,28 +256,12 @@ impl TextStyleInfoFlag {
         Self { data }
     }
 
-    #[inline(always)]
-    pub const fn to_end(self) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            // set is_end
-            data: self.data | IS_END_MASK,
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[inline(always)]
-    pub const fn to_start(self) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            // set is_end
-            data: self.data & (!IS_END_MASK),
-        }
-    }
-
     pub const BOLD: TextStyleInfoFlag =
-        TextStyleInfoFlag::new(true, ExpandType::After, AnchorType::Start, false, false);
+        TextStyleInfoFlag::new(true, ExpandType::After, false, false);
     pub const LINK: TextStyleInfoFlag =
-        TextStyleInfoFlag::new(true, ExpandType::None, AnchorType::Start, false, false);
+        TextStyleInfoFlag::new(true, ExpandType::None, false, false);
     pub const COMMENT: TextStyleInfoFlag =
-        TextStyleInfoFlag::new(false, ExpandType::None, AnchorType::Start, false, true);
+        TextStyleInfoFlag::new(false, ExpandType::None, false, true);
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
index 677a0c86a..b2ef6a5bd 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
@@ -33,8 +33,14 @@ pub(crate) struct RichtextState {
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub(crate) enum Elem {
-    Text { unicode_len: i32, text: BytesSlice },
-    Style(Arc<StyleOp>),
+    Text {
+        unicode_len: i32,
+        text: BytesSlice,
+    },
+    Style {
+        style: Arc<StyleOp>,
+        anchor_type: AnchorType,
+    },
 }
 
 impl Elem {
@@ -45,8 +51,8 @@ impl Elem {
         })
     }
 
-    pub fn from_style(style: Arc<StyleOp>) -> Self {
-        Self::Style(style)
+    pub fn from_style(style: Arc<StyleOp>, anchor_type: AnchorType) -> Self {
+        Self::Style { style, anchor_type }
     }
 }
 
@@ -54,7 +60,7 @@ impl HasLength for Elem {
     fn rle_len(&self) -> usize {
         match self {
             Elem::Text { unicode_len, text } => *unicode_len as usize,
-            Elem::Style(data) => 1,
+            Elem::Style { .. } => 1,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -113,10 +119,13 @@ impl Sliceable for Elem {
                 unicode_len: _,
                 text,
             } => text,
-            Elem::Style(style) => {
+            Elem::Style { style, anchor_type } => {
                 assert_eq!(start_index, 0);
                 assert_eq!(end_index, 1);
-                return Elem::Style(style.clone());
+                return Elem::Style {
+                    style: style.clone(),
+                    anchor_type: *anchor_type,
+                };
             }
         };
 
@@ -144,7 +153,7 @@ impl Sliceable for Elem {
                 *unicode_len = pos as i32;
                 ans
             }
-            Elem::Style(styles) => {
+            Elem::Style { .. } => {
                 unreachable!()
             }
         }
@@ -261,7 +270,7 @@ impl BTreeTrait for RichtextTreeTrait {
                 utf16_len: count_utf16_chars(&text) as i32,
                 entity_len: *unicode_len,
             },
-            Elem::Style(_) => Cache {
+            Elem::Style { .. } => Cache {
                 unicode_len: 0,
                 utf16_len: 0,
                 entity_len: 1,
@@ -292,7 +301,7 @@ mod query {
                     unicode_len,
                     text: _,
                 } => *unicode_len as usize,
-                Elem::Style(_) => 0,
+                Elem::Style { .. } => 0,
             }
         }
 
@@ -311,7 +320,7 @@ mod query {
 
                     (left, false)
                 }
-                Elem::Style(s) => (1, false),
+                Elem::Style { .. } => (1, false),
             }
         }
     }
@@ -330,7 +339,7 @@ mod query {
                     unicode_len: _,
                     text,
                 } => count_utf16_chars(text),
-                Elem::Style(_) => 0,
+                Elem::Style { .. } => 0,
             }
         }
 
@@ -351,7 +360,7 @@ mod query {
                     let offset = utf16_to_unicode_index(s, left).unwrap();
                     (offset, true)
                 }
-                Elem::Style(s) => (1, false),
+                Elem::Style { .. } => (1, false),
             }
         }
     }
@@ -370,7 +379,7 @@ mod query {
                     unicode_len,
                     text: _,
                 } => *unicode_len as usize,
-                Elem::Style(data) => 1,
+                Elem::Style { .. } => 1,
             }
         }
 
@@ -389,12 +398,12 @@ mod query {
 
                     (left, false)
                 }
-                Elem::Style(data) => {
-                    if 1 >= left {
-                        return (left, true);
+                Elem::Style { .. } => {
+                    if left == 0 {
+                        return (0, true);
                     }
 
-                    (left, true)
+                    (left, false)
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -481,18 +490,18 @@ impl RichtextState {
             let Some(elem) = self.tree.get_elem(iter.leaf) else {
                 break;
             };
-            let style = match elem {
+            let (style, anchor_type) = match elem {
                 Elem::Text { .. } => unreachable!(),
-                Elem::Style(style) => style,
+                Elem::Style { style, anchor_type } => (style, *anchor_type),
             };
 
-            visited.push((style, iter));
-            if style.info.anchor_type() == AnchorType::Start {
+            visited.push((style, anchor_type, iter));
+            if anchor_type == AnchorType::Start {
                 // case 1. should be before this anchor
                 break;
             }
 
-            if style.info.prefer_insert_before() {
+            if style.info.prefer_insert_before(anchor_type) {
                 // case 2.
                 break;
             }
@@ -503,8 +512,8 @@ impl RichtextState {
             };
         }
 
-        while let Some((style, top_elem)) = visited.pop() {
-            if !style.info.prefer_insert_before() {
+        while let Some((style, anchor_type, top_elem)) = visited.pop() {
+            if !style.info.prefer_insert_before(anchor_type) {
                 // case 3.
                 break;
             }
@@ -548,9 +557,9 @@ impl RichtextState {
 
         for span in self.tree.drain_by_query::<UnicodeQuery>(pos..pos + len) {
             match span {
-                Elem::Style(style) => {
+                Elem::Style { .. } => {
                     entity_index += 1;
-                    style_anchors.push(Elem::Style(style));
+                    style_anchors.push(span.clone());
                 }
                 Elem::Text {
                     unicode_len,
@@ -607,24 +616,17 @@ impl RichtextState {
             .find_best_insert_pos_from_unicode_index(range.end)
             .unwrap();
         let end_entity_index = self.get_entity_index_from_path(end_pos);
-        let (start_style, end_style) = if style.info.is_start() {
-            let mut end = style.clone();
-            Arc::make_mut(&mut end).info = end.info.to_end();
-            (style.clone(), end)
-        } else {
-            let mut start = style.clone();
-            Arc::make_mut(&mut start).info = start.info.to_start();
-            (start, style.clone())
-        };
         self.tree
-            .insert_by_path(end_pos, Elem::from_style(end_style));
+            .insert_by_path(end_pos, Elem::from_style(style.clone(), AnchorType::End));
 
         let start_pos = self
             .find_best_insert_pos_from_unicode_index(range.start)
             .unwrap();
         let start_entity_index = self.get_entity_index_from_path(start_pos);
-        self.tree
-            .insert_by_path(start_pos, Elem::from_style(start_style));
+        self.tree.insert_by_path(
+            start_pos,
+            Elem::from_style(style.clone(), AnchorType::Start),
+        );
 
         self.style_ranges.insert(end_entity_index, 1);
         self.style_ranges.insert(start_entity_index, 1);
@@ -678,7 +680,7 @@ impl RichtextState {
                     styles,
                 })
             }
-            Elem::Style(s) => {
+            Elem::Style { .. } => {
                 entity_index += 1;
                 None
             }
@@ -1095,7 +1097,7 @@ mod test {
         wrapper.state.mark(0..5, bold(0));
         let mut count = 0;
         for span in wrapper.state.drain_by_entity_index(0, 7) {
-            if matches!(span, Elem::Style(_)) {
+            if matches!(span, Elem::Style { .. }) {
                 count += 1;
             }
         }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
index 3dfdeaea5..9e832bee9 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ impl RichtextState {
                 UndoItem::Delete { index, content } => {
                     match content {
                         Elem::Text { .. } => {}
-                        Elem::Style(_) => unimplemented!("should handle style annotation"),
+                        Elem::Style { .. } => unimplemented!("should handle style annotation"),
                     }
 
                     self.state

From 486a55dc8b18922fc0a9c06903e0824bc8b7a2ba Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zixuan Chen <remch183@outlook.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Oct 2023 11:43:18 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 015/111] refactor: state apply op more efficiently we can now
 reuse the repr in state and op

---
 .../src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs     |  2 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs                |  8 ++++----
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs     | 12 ++++++------
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/map_state.rs      | 12 ++++++------
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs | 16 +++++++++++-----
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/text_state.rs     |  8 ++++----
 crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs                  |  9 +++++----
 7 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
index b2ef6a5bd..4b2beb274 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ impl BTreeTrait for RichtextTreeTrait {
         match elem {
             Elem::Text { unicode_len, text } => Cache {
                 unicode_len: *unicode_len,
-                utf16_len: count_utf16_chars(&text) as i32,
+                utf16_len: count_utf16_chars(text) as i32,
                 entity_len: *unicode_len,
             },
             Elem::Style { .. } => Cache {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
index 0958d78bb..53acdf2c1 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ use crate::{
     event::{Diff, Index},
     fx_map,
     id::PeerID,
-    op::RawOp,
+    op::{Op, RawOp},
     version::Frontiers,
     ContainerType, InternalString, LoroValue,
 };
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ pub struct DocState {
 #[enum_dispatch]
 pub trait ContainerState: Clone {
     fn apply_diff(&mut self, diff: &mut Diff, arena: &SharedArena);
-    fn apply_op(&mut self, op: RawOp, arena: &SharedArena);
+    fn apply_op(&mut self, raw_op: &RawOp, op: &Op, arena: &SharedArena);
     /// Convert a state to a diff, such that an empty state will be transformed into the same as this state when it's applied.
     fn to_diff(&self) -> Diff;
 
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ impl DocState {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn apply_local_op(&mut self, op: RawOp) -> LoroResult<()> {
+    pub fn apply_local_op(&mut self, raw_op: &RawOp, op: &Op) -> LoroResult<()> {
         let state = self
             .states
             .entry(op.container)
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ impl DocState {
         }
 
         // TODO: make apply_op return a result
-        state.apply_op(op, &self.arena);
+        state.apply_op(&raw_op, &op, &self.arena);
         Ok(())
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs
index edcb44551..cb4721d53 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use crate::{
     container::{idx::ContainerIdx, ContainerID},
     delta::Delta,
     event::{Diff, Index},
-    op::{RawOp, RawOpContent},
+    op::{Op, RawOp, RawOpContent},
     LoroValue,
 };
 use debug_log::debug_dbg;
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use fxhash::FxHashMap;
 use generic_btree::{
     iter,
     rle::{HasLength, Mergeable, Sliceable},
-    ArenaIndex, BTree, BTreeTrait, Cursor, LeafIndex, LengthFinder, QueryResult, SplittedLeaves,
+    ArenaIndex, BTree, BTreeTrait, Cursor, LeafIndex, LengthFinder, SplittedLeaves,
     UseLengthFinder,
 };
 
@@ -412,8 +412,8 @@ impl ContainerState for ListState {
         };
     }
 
-    fn apply_op(&mut self, op: RawOp, arena: &SharedArena) {
-        match op.content {
+    fn apply_op(&mut self, op: &RawOp, _: &Op, arena: &SharedArena) {
+        match &op.content {
             RawOpContent::Map(_) => unreachable!(),
             RawOpContent::List(list) => match list {
                 crate::container::list::list_op::ListOp::Insert { slice, pos } => match slice {
@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ impl ContainerState for ListState {
                                     arena.set_parent(idx, Some(self.idx));
                                 }
                             }
-                            self.insert_batch(pos, list.to_vec());
+                            self.insert_batch(*pos, list.to_vec());
                         }
                         std::borrow::Cow::Owned(list) => {
                             for value in list.iter() {
@@ -436,7 +436,7 @@ impl ContainerState for ListState {
                                     arena.set_parent(idx, Some(self.idx));
                                 }
                             }
-                            self.insert_batch(pos, list);
+                            self.insert_batch(*pos, list.clone());
                         }
                     },
                     _ => unreachable!(),
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/map_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/map_state.rs
index b55d206d8..86755891a 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/map_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/map_state.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use crate::{
     container::{idx::ContainerIdx, map::MapSet},
     delta::MapValue,
     event::{Diff, Index},
-    op::{RawOp, RawOpContent},
+    op::{Op, RawOp, RawOpContent},
     InternalString, LoroValue,
 };
 
@@ -37,12 +37,12 @@ impl ContainerState for MapState {
         }
     }
 
-    fn apply_op(&mut self, op: RawOp, arena: &SharedArena) {
-        match op.content {
+    fn apply_op(&mut self, op: &RawOp, _: &Op, arena: &SharedArena) {
+        match &op.content {
             RawOpContent::Map(MapSet { key, value }) => {
                 if value.is_none() {
                     self.insert(
-                        key,
+                        key.clone(),
                         MapValue {
                             lamport: (op.lamport, op.id.peer),
                             counter: op.id.counter,
@@ -51,14 +51,14 @@ impl ContainerState for MapState {
                     );
                     return;
                 }
-                let value = value.unwrap();
+                let value = value.clone().unwrap();
                 if value.is_container() {
                     let idx = arena.register_container(value.as_container().unwrap());
                     arena.set_parent(idx, Some(self.idx));
                 }
 
                 self.insert(
-                    key,
+                    key.clone(),
                     MapValue {
                         lamport: (op.lamport, op.id.peer),
                         counter: op.id.counter,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
index 9e832bee9..461d796be 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 use loro_common::LoroValue;
 
 use crate::{
-    arena::SharedArena, container::richtext::richtext_state::Elem,
-    container::richtext::RichtextState as InnerState, event::Diff, op::RawOp,
+    arena::SharedArena,
+    container::richtext::richtext_state::Elem,
+    container::richtext::RichtextState as InnerState,
+    event::Diff,
+    op::{Op, RawOp},
 };
 
 use super::ContainerState;
@@ -45,9 +48,12 @@ impl ContainerState for RichtextState {
                 crate::delta::DeltaItem::Insert { value, meta } => {
                     match value.value() {
                         crate::container::richtext::RichtextChunkValue::Text(r) => {
-                            self.state.insert(
+                            self.state.insert_elem_at_entity_index(
                                 index,
-                                arena.slice_by_unicode(r.start as usize..r.end as usize),
+                                Elem::Text {
+                                    unicode_len: (r.end - r.start) as i32,
+                                    text: arena.slice_by_unicode(r.start as usize..r.end as usize),
+                                },
                             );
                         }
                         crate::container::richtext::RichtextChunkValue::Symbol(s) => {
@@ -76,7 +82,7 @@ impl ContainerState for RichtextState {
         }
     }
 
-    fn apply_op(&mut self, op: RawOp, arena: &SharedArena) {
+    fn apply_op(&mut self, op: &RawOp, _: &Op, arena: &SharedArena) {
         match &op.content {
             crate::op::RawOpContent::List(list) => match list {
                 crate::container::list::list_op::ListOp::Insert { slice, pos } => {}
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/text_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/text_state.rs
index af01e929c..f57eee286 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/text_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/text_state.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use crate::{
     container::text::text_content::{ListSlice, SliceRanges},
     delta::{Delta, DeltaItem},
     event::Diff,
-    op::{RawOp, RawOpContent},
+    op::{Op, RawOp, RawOpContent},
     LoroValue,
 };
 
@@ -75,15 +75,15 @@ impl ContainerState for TextState {
         }
     }
 
-    fn apply_op(&mut self, op: RawOp, _arena: &SharedArena) {
-        match op.content {
+    fn apply_op(&mut self, op: &RawOp, _: &Op, arena: &SharedArena) {
+        match &op.content {
             RawOpContent::List(list) => match list {
                 crate::container::list::list_op::ListOp::Insert { slice, pos } => match slice {
                     ListSlice::RawStr {
                         str,
                         unicode_len: _,
                     } => {
-                        self.insert_unicode(pos, &str);
+                        self.insert_unicode(*pos, &str);
                     }
                     _ => unreachable!(),
                 },
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
index a19de51c0..3875bce5a 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ impl Transaction {
         }
 
         let len = content.content_len();
-        let op = RawOp {
+        let raw_op = RawOp {
             id: ID {
                 peer: self.peer,
                 counter: self.next_counter,
@@ -221,12 +221,13 @@ impl Transaction {
         };
 
         let mut state = self.state.lock().unwrap();
-        state.apply_local_op(op.clone())?;
+        let op = self.arena.convert_raw_op(&raw_op);
+        state.apply_local_op(&raw_op, &op)?;
         drop(state);
         if let Some(hint) = hint {
-            self.event_hints.insert(op.id.counter, hint);
+            self.event_hints.insert(raw_op.id.counter, hint);
         }
-        self.push_local_op_to_log(&op);
+        self.local_ops.push(op);
         self.next_counter += len as Counter;
         self.next_lamport += len as Lamport;
         Ok(())

From e98ae4b6fd4d64ff539d61329b4eaecca370bf16 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zixuan Chen <remch183@outlook.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Oct 2023 15:19:10 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 016/111] fix: new clippy errors

---
 crates/loro-common/src/id.rs                                | 6 +-----
 .../src/container/richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs          | 2 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/dag.rs                             | 6 +-----
 crates/loro-internal/src/dag/iter.rs                        | 2 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/delta/map_delta.rs                 | 2 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs        | 2 ++
 crates/loro-internal/src/oplog/pending_changes.rs           | 4 +++-
 crates/rle/src/range_map.rs                                 | 5 ++++-
 8 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-common/src/id.rs b/crates/loro-common/src/id.rs
index 0e8bc44e5..82631bab9 100644
--- a/crates/loro-common/src/id.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-common/src/id.rs
@@ -43,11 +43,7 @@ impl TryFrom<&str> for ID {
 
 impl PartialOrd for ID {
     fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<std::cmp::Ordering> {
-        match self.peer.partial_cmp(&other.peer) {
-            Some(core::cmp::Ordering::Equal) => {}
-            ord => return ord,
-        }
-        self.counter.partial_cmp(&other.counter)
+        Some(self.cmp(other))
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs
index 1b1cad493..a32eea16d 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ impl Eq for Fragment {}
 
 impl PartialOrd for Fragment {
     fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<std::cmp::Ordering> {
-        self.counter.partial_cmp(&other.counter)
+        Some(self.cmp(other))
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/dag.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/dag.rs
index a74185d58..49ef141dd 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/dag.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/dag.rs
@@ -255,11 +255,7 @@ impl<'a> HasLamport for OrdIdSpan<'a> {
 
 impl<'a> PartialOrd for OrdIdSpan<'a> {
     fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<std::cmp::Ordering> {
-        Some(
-            self.lamport_last()
-                .cmp(&other.lamport_last())
-                .then(self.id_last().cmp(&other.id_last())),
-        )
+        Some(self.cmp(other))
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/dag/iter.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/dag/iter.rs
index dda56c14c..f7b8a0f2d 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/dag/iter.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/dag/iter.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ struct IdHeapItem {
 
 impl PartialOrd for IdHeapItem {
     fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<std::cmp::Ordering> {
-        Some(self.lamport.cmp(&other.lamport).reverse())
+        Some(self.cmp(other))
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/map_delta.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/map_delta.rs
index c3ac52d2f..45106a042 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/map_delta.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/map_delta.rs
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ impl Eq for MapValue {}
 
 impl PartialOrd for MapValue {
     fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<std::cmp::Ordering> {
-        self.lamport.partial_cmp(&other.lamport)
+        Some(self.cmp(other))
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs
index 543900bdb..1b6afb2cc 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+// allow impl in zerovec macro
+#![allow(clippy::incorrect_partial_ord_impl_on_ord_type)]
 use fxhash::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
 use loro_common::{HasCounterSpan, HasLamportSpan};
 use rle::{HasLength, RleVec};
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog/pending_changes.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog/pending_changes.rs
index dce583128..4c80f4592 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog/pending_changes.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog/pending_changes.rs
@@ -130,7 +130,9 @@ impl OpLog {
         latest_vv: &mut VersionVector,
     ) {
         while let Some(id) = id_stack.pop() {
-            let Some(pending_changes) = self.pending_changes.changes.remove(&id) else{continue;};
+            let Some(pending_changes) = self.pending_changes.changes.remove(&id) else {
+                continue;
+            };
             for pending_change in pending_changes {
                 match remote_change_apply_state(latest_vv, &pending_change) {
                     ChangeApplyState::CanApplyDirectly => {
diff --git a/crates/rle/src/range_map.rs b/crates/rle/src/range_map.rs
index ebfdc19b8..b752a7133 100644
--- a/crates/rle/src/range_map.rs
+++ b/crates/rle/src/range_map.rs
@@ -222,7 +222,10 @@ impl<
                     cur_ptr = next.into();
                     cur_data = Default::default();
                     cur_leaf = next;
-                    iter_children = cur_leaf.children.iter_mut().skip(0);
+                    #[allow(clippy::iter_skip_zero)]
+                    {
+                        iter_children = cur_leaf.children.iter_mut().skip(0);
+                    }
                 } else {
                     visited_nodes.insert(cur_ptr, cur_data);
                     // is the last element of the tree

From 72d103386453b7b5b3c8cd1ba5a87dca87cc2f83 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zixuan Chen <remch183@outlook.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Oct 2023 16:22:27 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 017/111] refactor: use state chunk as delta item

---
 crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs             |  41 ++++-
 .../src/container/list/list_op.rs             |   7 +-
 .../loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs   |   7 +-
 .../src/container/richtext/fugue_span.rs      |   3 +-
 .../src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs  | 168 ++++++++++++------
 .../src/container/text/text_content.rs        |   3 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/delta/seq.rs         |  35 ++--
 .../src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs           |  10 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs             |   4 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs             |  19 +-
 .../src/oplog/pending_changes.rs              |  10 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs   |   7 +-
 .../loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs |  78 +++++---
 crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs               |  14 +-
 14 files changed, 264 insertions(+), 142 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs
index daf0b7ef3..9c0a4e0af 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs
@@ -7,12 +7,15 @@ use std::{
 
 use append_only_bytes::BytesSlice;
 use fxhash::FxHashMap;
+use loro_common::PeerID;
 
 use crate::{
+    change::Lamport,
     container::{
         idx::ContainerIdx,
         list::list_op::{InnerListOp, ListOp},
         map::{InnerMapSet, MapSet},
+        richtext::StyleOp,
         text::text_content::SliceRange,
         ContainerID,
     },
@@ -63,7 +66,9 @@ impl<'a> OpConverter<'a> {
     pub fn convert_single_op(
         &mut self,
         id: &ContainerID,
+        peer: PeerID,
         counter: Counter,
+        lamport: Lamport,
         content: RawOpContent,
     ) -> Op {
         let container = 'out: {
@@ -133,16 +138,21 @@ impl<'a> OpConverter<'a> {
                 ListOp::Style {
                     start,
                     end,
-                    key,
                     info,
+                    key,
                 } => Op {
                     counter,
                     container,
                     content: InnerContent::List(InnerListOp::Style {
                         start,
                         end,
-                        key,
-                        info,
+                        style: Arc::new(crate::container::richtext::StyleOp {
+                            lamport,
+                            peer,
+                            cnt: counter,
+                            key,
+                            info,
+                        }),
                     }),
                 },
             },
@@ -300,11 +310,13 @@ impl SharedArena {
     pub fn convert_single_op(
         &self,
         container: &ContainerID,
+        peer: PeerID,
         counter: Counter,
+        lamport: Lamport,
         content: RawOpContent,
     ) -> Op {
         let container = self.register_container(container);
-        self.inner_convert_op(content, counter, container)
+        self.inner_convert_op(content, peer, counter, lamport, container)
     }
 
     pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
@@ -318,7 +330,9 @@ impl SharedArena {
     fn inner_convert_op(
         &self,
         content: RawOpContent<'_>,
+        peer: PeerID,
         counter: i32,
+        lamport: Lamport,
         container: ContainerIdx,
     ) -> Op {
         match content {
@@ -366,16 +380,21 @@ impl SharedArena {
                 ListOp::Style {
                     start,
                     end,
-                    key,
                     info,
+                    key,
                 } => Op {
                     counter,
                     container,
                     content: InnerContent::List(InnerListOp::Style {
                         start,
                         end,
-                        key,
-                        info,
+                        style: Arc::new(StyleOp {
+                            lamport,
+                            peer,
+                            cnt: counter,
+                            key,
+                            info,
+                        }),
                     }),
                 },
             },
@@ -384,7 +403,13 @@ impl SharedArena {
 
     #[inline]
     pub fn convert_raw_op(&self, op: &RawOp) -> Op {
-        self.inner_convert_op(op.content.clone(), op.id.counter, op.container)
+        self.inner_convert_op(
+            op.content.clone(),
+            op.id.peer,
+            op.id.counter,
+            op.lamport,
+            op.container,
+        )
     }
 
     #[inline]
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/list/list_op.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/list/list_op.rs
index 999aeedda..56584d688 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/list/list_op.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/list/list_op.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use std::ops::Range;
+use std::{ops::Range, sync::Arc};
 
 use enum_as_inner::EnumAsInner;
 use rle::{HasLength, Mergable, Sliceable};
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
 use crate::{
     container::{
-        richtext::TextStyleInfoFlag,
+        richtext::{StyleOp, TextStyleInfoFlag},
         text::text_content::{ListSlice, SliceRange},
     },
     InternalString,
@@ -41,8 +41,7 @@ pub enum InnerListOp {
     Style {
         start: u32,
         end: u32,
-        key: InternalString,
-        info: TextStyleInfoFlag,
+        style: Arc<StyleOp>,
     },
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs
index 93ed81270..939c963a6 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs
@@ -44,8 +44,9 @@ pub struct Style {
     pub data: LoroValue,
 }
 
+// TODO: change visibility back to crate after #116 is done
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
-pub(crate) struct StyleOp {
+pub struct StyleOp {
     pub(crate) lamport: Lamport,
     pub(crate) peer: PeerID,
     pub(crate) cnt: Counter,
@@ -148,7 +149,9 @@ pub enum ExpandType {
     None,
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Debug, Hash)]
+#[derive(
+    Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Debug, Hash, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize,
+)]
 pub enum AnchorType {
     Start,
     End,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/fugue_span.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/fugue_span.rs
index 67754cac7..285438efe 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/fugue_span.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/fugue_span.rs
@@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ use generic_btree::rle::{HasLength, Mergeable, Sliceable};
 use loro_common::{Counter, HasId, IdSpan, ID};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
-// TODO: change visibility back to crate after #116 is done
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Copy, Serialize, Deserialize)]
-pub struct RichtextChunk {
+pub(crate) struct RichtextChunk {
     start: u32,
     end: u32,
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
index 4b2beb274..ccdfcc3ec 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ use generic_btree::{
     rle::{HasLength, Mergeable, Sliceable},
     BTree, BTreeTrait,
 };
+use serde::{ser::SerializeStruct, Serialize};
 use std::{
     borrow::Cow,
     ops::{Add, AddAssign, Range, Sub},
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@ use std::{
 
 use crate::{
     container::{richtext::style_range_map::StyleValue, text::utf16::count_utf16_chars},
+    delta::DeltaValue,
     InternalString,
 };
 
@@ -31,8 +33,9 @@ pub(crate) struct RichtextState {
     style_ranges: StyleRangeMap,
 }
 
+// TODO: change visibility back to crate after #116 is done
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-pub(crate) enum Elem {
+pub enum RichtextStateChunk {
     Text {
         unicode_len: i32,
         text: BytesSlice,
@@ -43,9 +46,49 @@ pub(crate) enum Elem {
     },
 }
 
-impl Elem {
+impl DeltaValue for RichtextStateChunk {
+    fn value_extend(&mut self, other: Self) -> Result<(), Self> {
+        Err(other)
+    }
+
+    fn take(&mut self, length: usize) -> Self {
+        let mut right = self.split(length);
+        std::mem::swap(self, &mut right);
+        right
+    }
+
+    fn length(&self) -> usize {
+        self.rle_len()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Serialize for RichtextStateChunk {
+    fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
+    where
+        S: serde::Serializer,
+    {
+        match self {
+            RichtextStateChunk::Text { unicode_len, .. } => {
+                let mut state = serializer.serialize_struct("RichtextStateChunk", 3)?;
+                state.serialize_field("type", "Text")?;
+                state.serialize_field("unicode_len", unicode_len)?;
+                state.serialize_field("text", self.as_str().unwrap())?;
+                state.end()
+            }
+            RichtextStateChunk::Style { style, anchor_type } => {
+                let mut state = serializer.serialize_struct("RichtextStateChunk", 3)?;
+                state.serialize_field("type", "Style")?;
+                state.serialize_field("style", &style.key)?;
+                state.serialize_field("anchor_type", anchor_type)?;
+                state.end()
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl RichtextStateChunk {
     pub fn try_from_bytes(s: BytesSlice) -> Result<Self, Utf8Error> {
-        Ok(Elem::Text {
+        Ok(RichtextStateChunk::Text {
             unicode_len: std::str::from_utf8(&s)?.chars().count() as i32,
             text: s,
         })
@@ -54,21 +97,34 @@ impl Elem {
     pub fn from_style(style: Arc<StyleOp>, anchor_type: AnchorType) -> Self {
         Self::Style { style, anchor_type }
     }
+
+    pub fn as_str(&self) -> Option<&str> {
+        match self {
+            RichtextStateChunk::Text { text, .. } => {
+                // SAFETY: We know that the text is valid UTF-8
+                Some(unsafe { std::str::from_utf8_unchecked(text) })
+            }
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
 }
 
-impl HasLength for Elem {
+impl HasLength for RichtextStateChunk {
     fn rle_len(&self) -> usize {
         match self {
-            Elem::Text { unicode_len, text } => *unicode_len as usize,
-            Elem::Style { .. } => 1,
+            RichtextStateChunk::Text { unicode_len, text } => *unicode_len as usize,
+            RichtextStateChunk::Style { .. } => 1,
         }
     }
 }
 
-impl Mergeable for Elem {
+impl Mergeable for RichtextStateChunk {
     fn can_merge(&self, rhs: &Self) -> bool {
         match (self, rhs) {
-            (Elem::Text { text: l, .. }, Elem::Text { text: r, .. }) => l.can_merge(r),
+            (
+                RichtextStateChunk::Text { text: l, .. },
+                RichtextStateChunk::Text { text: r, .. },
+            ) => l.can_merge(r),
             _ => false,
         }
     }
@@ -76,8 +132,8 @@ impl Mergeable for Elem {
     fn merge_right(&mut self, rhs: &Self) {
         match (self, rhs) {
             (
-                Elem::Text { unicode_len, text },
-                Elem::Text {
+                RichtextStateChunk::Text { unicode_len, text },
+                RichtextStateChunk::Text {
                     unicode_len: rhs_len,
                     text: rhs_text,
                 },
@@ -92,8 +148,8 @@ impl Mergeable for Elem {
     fn merge_left(&mut self, left: &Self) {
         match (self, left) {
             (
-                Elem::Text { unicode_len, text },
-                Elem::Text {
+                RichtextStateChunk::Text { unicode_len, text },
+                RichtextStateChunk::Text {
                     unicode_len: left_len,
                     text: left_text,
                 },
@@ -109,20 +165,20 @@ impl Mergeable for Elem {
     }
 }
 
-impl Sliceable for Elem {
+impl Sliceable for RichtextStateChunk {
     fn _slice(&self, range: Range<usize>) -> Self {
         let start_index = range.start;
         let end_index = range.end;
 
         let text = match self {
-            Elem::Text {
+            RichtextStateChunk::Text {
                 unicode_len: _,
                 text,
             } => text,
-            Elem::Style { style, anchor_type } => {
+            RichtextStateChunk::Style { style, anchor_type } => {
                 assert_eq!(start_index, 0);
                 assert_eq!(end_index, 1);
-                return Elem::Style {
+                return RichtextStateChunk::Style {
                     style: style.clone(),
                     anchor_type: *anchor_type,
                 };
@@ -133,7 +189,7 @@ impl Sliceable for Elem {
         let from = unicode_to_utf8_index(s, start_index).unwrap();
         let len = unicode_to_utf8_index(&s[from..], end_index - start_index).unwrap();
         let to = from + len;
-        Elem::Text {
+        RichtextStateChunk::Text {
             unicode_len: (end_index - start_index) as i32,
             text: text.slice_clone(from..to),
         }
@@ -141,11 +197,11 @@ impl Sliceable for Elem {
 
     fn split(&mut self, pos: usize) -> Self {
         match self {
-            Elem::Text { unicode_len, text } => {
+            RichtextStateChunk::Text { unicode_len, text } => {
                 let s = std::str::from_utf8(text).unwrap();
                 let byte_pos = unicode_to_utf8_index(s, pos).unwrap();
                 let right = text.slice_clone(byte_pos..);
-                let ans = Elem::Text {
+                let ans = RichtextStateChunk::Text {
                     unicode_len: *unicode_len - pos as i32,
                     text: right,
                 };
@@ -153,7 +209,7 @@ impl Sliceable for Elem {
                 *unicode_len = pos as i32;
                 ans
             }
-            Elem::Style { .. } => {
+            RichtextStateChunk::Style { .. } => {
                 unreachable!()
             }
         }
@@ -235,7 +291,7 @@ impl Sub for Cache {
 struct RichtextTreeTrait;
 
 impl BTreeTrait for RichtextTreeTrait {
-    type Elem = Elem;
+    type Elem = RichtextStateChunk;
 
     type Cache = Cache;
 
@@ -265,12 +321,12 @@ impl BTreeTrait for RichtextTreeTrait {
 
     fn get_elem_cache(elem: &Self::Elem) -> Self::Cache {
         match elem {
-            Elem::Text { unicode_len, text } => Cache {
+            RichtextStateChunk::Text { unicode_len, text } => Cache {
                 unicode_len: *unicode_len,
                 utf16_len: count_utf16_chars(text) as i32,
                 entity_len: *unicode_len,
             },
-            Elem::Style { .. } => Cache {
+            RichtextStateChunk::Style { .. } => Cache {
                 unicode_len: 0,
                 utf16_len: 0,
                 entity_len: 1,
@@ -297,11 +353,11 @@ mod query {
 
         fn get_elem_len(elem: &<RichtextTreeTrait as BTreeTrait>::Elem) -> usize {
             match elem {
-                Elem::Text {
+                RichtextStateChunk::Text {
                     unicode_len,
                     text: _,
                 } => *unicode_len as usize,
-                Elem::Style { .. } => 0,
+                RichtextStateChunk::Style { .. } => 0,
             }
         }
 
@@ -310,7 +366,7 @@ mod query {
             elem: &<RichtextTreeTrait as BTreeTrait>::Elem,
         ) -> (usize, bool) {
             match elem {
-                Elem::Text {
+                RichtextStateChunk::Text {
                     unicode_len,
                     text: _,
                 } => {
@@ -320,7 +376,7 @@ mod query {
 
                     (left, false)
                 }
-                Elem::Style { .. } => (1, false),
+                RichtextStateChunk::Style { .. } => (1, false),
             }
         }
     }
@@ -335,11 +391,11 @@ mod query {
 
         fn get_elem_len(elem: &<RichtextTreeTrait as BTreeTrait>::Elem) -> usize {
             match elem {
-                Elem::Text {
+                RichtextStateChunk::Text {
                     unicode_len: _,
                     text,
                 } => count_utf16_chars(text),
-                Elem::Style { .. } => 0,
+                RichtextStateChunk::Style { .. } => 0,
             }
         }
 
@@ -348,7 +404,7 @@ mod query {
             elem: &<RichtextTreeTrait as BTreeTrait>::Elem,
         ) -> (usize, bool) {
             match elem {
-                Elem::Text {
+                RichtextStateChunk::Text {
                     unicode_len: _,
                     text,
                 } => {
@@ -360,7 +416,7 @@ mod query {
                     let offset = utf16_to_unicode_index(s, left).unwrap();
                     (offset, true)
                 }
-                Elem::Style { .. } => (1, false),
+                RichtextStateChunk::Style { .. } => (1, false),
             }
         }
     }
@@ -375,11 +431,11 @@ mod query {
 
         fn get_elem_len(elem: &<RichtextTreeTrait as BTreeTrait>::Elem) -> usize {
             match elem {
-                Elem::Text {
+                RichtextStateChunk::Text {
                     unicode_len,
                     text: _,
                 } => *unicode_len as usize,
-                Elem::Style { .. } => 1,
+                RichtextStateChunk::Style { .. } => 1,
             }
         }
 
@@ -388,7 +444,7 @@ mod query {
             elem: &<RichtextTreeTrait as BTreeTrait>::Elem,
         ) -> (usize, bool) {
             match elem {
-                Elem::Text {
+                RichtextStateChunk::Text {
                     unicode_len,
                     text: _,
                 } => {
@@ -398,7 +454,7 @@ mod query {
 
                     (left, false)
                 }
-                Elem::Style { .. } => {
+                RichtextStateChunk::Style { .. } => {
                     if left == 0 {
                         return (0, true);
                     }
@@ -414,7 +470,7 @@ impl RichtextState {
     /// Insert text at a unicode index. Return the entity index.
     pub(crate) fn insert(&mut self, pos: usize, text: BytesSlice) -> usize {
         if self.tree.is_empty() {
-            let elem = Elem::try_from_bytes(text).unwrap();
+            let elem = RichtextStateChunk::try_from_bytes(text).unwrap();
             self.style_ranges.insert(0, elem.rle_len());
             self.tree.push(elem);
             return 0;
@@ -424,7 +480,7 @@ impl RichtextState {
         let right = self.tree.prefer_left(right).unwrap_or(right);
         let entity_index = self.get_entity_index_from_path(right);
         let insert_pos = right;
-        let elem = Elem::try_from_bytes(text).unwrap();
+        let elem = RichtextStateChunk::try_from_bytes(text).unwrap();
         self.style_ranges.insert(entity_index, elem.rle_len());
         self.tree.insert_by_path(insert_pos, elem);
         entity_index
@@ -432,13 +488,17 @@ impl RichtextState {
 
     /// This is used to accept changes from DiffCalculator
     pub(crate) fn insert_at_entity_index(&mut self, entity_index: usize, text: BytesSlice) {
-        let elem = Elem::try_from_bytes(text).unwrap();
+        let elem = RichtextStateChunk::try_from_bytes(text).unwrap();
         self.style_ranges.insert(entity_index, elem.rle_len());
         self.tree.insert::<EntityQuery>(&entity_index, elem);
     }
 
     /// This is used to accept changes from DiffCalculator
-    pub(crate) fn insert_elem_at_entity_index(&mut self, entity_index: usize, elem: Elem) {
+    pub(crate) fn insert_elem_at_entity_index(
+        &mut self,
+        entity_index: usize,
+        elem: RichtextStateChunk,
+    ) {
         self.style_ranges.insert(entity_index, elem.rle_len());
         self.tree.insert::<EntityQuery>(&entity_index, elem);
     }
@@ -491,8 +551,8 @@ impl RichtextState {
                 break;
             };
             let (style, anchor_type) = match elem {
-                Elem::Text { .. } => unreachable!(),
-                Elem::Style { style, anchor_type } => (style, *anchor_type),
+                RichtextStateChunk::Text { .. } => unreachable!(),
+                RichtextStateChunk::Style { style, anchor_type } => (style, *anchor_type),
             };
 
             visited.push((style, anchor_type, iter));
@@ -548,7 +608,7 @@ impl RichtextState {
             return Vec::new();
         }
 
-        let mut style_anchors: Vec<Elem> = Vec::new();
+        let mut style_anchors: Vec<RichtextStateChunk> = Vec::new();
         let mut removed_entity_ranges: Vec<Range<usize>> = Vec::new();
         let q = self.tree.query::<UnicodeQuery>(&pos).unwrap().cursor;
         let mut entity_index = self.get_entity_index_from_path(q);
@@ -557,11 +617,11 @@ impl RichtextState {
 
         for span in self.tree.drain_by_query::<UnicodeQuery>(pos..pos + len) {
             match span {
-                Elem::Style { .. } => {
+                RichtextStateChunk::Style { .. } => {
                     entity_index += 1;
                     style_anchors.push(span.clone());
                 }
-                Elem::Text {
+                RichtextStateChunk::Text {
                     unicode_len,
                     text: _,
                 } => {
@@ -598,7 +658,7 @@ impl RichtextState {
         &mut self,
         pos: usize,
         len: usize,
-    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = Elem> + '_ {
+    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = RichtextStateChunk> + '_ {
         // FIXME: need to check whether style is removed when its anchors are removed
         self.style_ranges.delete(pos..pos + len);
         self.tree.drain_by_query::<EntityQuery>(pos..pos + len)
@@ -616,8 +676,10 @@ impl RichtextState {
             .find_best_insert_pos_from_unicode_index(range.end)
             .unwrap();
         let end_entity_index = self.get_entity_index_from_path(end_pos);
-        self.tree
-            .insert_by_path(end_pos, Elem::from_style(style.clone(), AnchorType::End));
+        self.tree.insert_by_path(
+            end_pos,
+            RichtextStateChunk::from_style(style.clone(), AnchorType::End),
+        );
 
         let start_pos = self
             .find_best_insert_pos_from_unicode_index(range.start)
@@ -625,7 +687,7 @@ impl RichtextState {
         let start_entity_index = self.get_entity_index_from_path(start_pos);
         self.tree.insert_by_path(
             start_pos,
-            Elem::from_style(style.clone(), AnchorType::Start),
+            RichtextStateChunk::from_style(style.clone(), AnchorType::Start),
         );
 
         self.style_ranges.insert(end_entity_index, 1);
@@ -657,7 +719,7 @@ impl RichtextState {
         let mut cur_styles = cur_style_range.as_ref().map(to_styles);
 
         self.tree.iter().filter_map(move |x| match x {
-            Elem::Text { unicode_len, text } => {
+            RichtextStateChunk::Text { unicode_len, text } => {
                 let mut styles = Vec::new();
                 while let Some((inner_cur_range, _)) = cur_style_range.as_ref() {
                     if entity_index < inner_cur_range.start {
@@ -680,13 +742,17 @@ impl RichtextState {
                     styles,
                 })
             }
-            Elem::Style { .. } => {
+            RichtextStateChunk::Style { .. } => {
                 entity_index += 1;
                 None
             }
         })
     }
 
+    pub fn iter_chunk(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &RichtextStateChunk> {
+        self.tree.iter()
+    }
+
     pub fn to_vec(&self) -> Vec<RichtextSpan<'_>> {
         self.iter().collect()
     }
@@ -1097,7 +1163,7 @@ mod test {
         wrapper.state.mark(0..5, bold(0));
         let mut count = 0;
         for span in wrapper.state.drain_by_entity_index(0, 7) {
-            if matches!(span, Elem::Style { .. }) {
+            if matches!(span, RichtextStateChunk::Style { .. }) {
                 count += 1;
             }
         }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/text/text_content.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/text/text_content.rs
index 9bd368bcb..a14fbab06 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/text/text_content.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/text/text_content.rs
@@ -164,8 +164,9 @@ impl From<SliceRange> for SliceRanges {
 }
 
 impl DeltaValue for SliceRanges {
-    fn value_extend(&mut self, other: Self) {
+    fn value_extend(&mut self, other: Self) -> Result<(), Self> {
         self.0.extend(other.0);
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     fn take(&mut self, target_len: usize) -> Self {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/seq.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/seq.rs
index e38c45798..2ff543c39 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/seq.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/seq.rs
@@ -67,9 +67,9 @@ impl Meta for () {
 }
 
 /// The value of [DeltaItem::Insert]
-pub trait DeltaValue: Debug {
+pub trait DeltaValue: Debug + Sized {
     /// the other will be merged into self
-    fn value_extend(&mut self, other: Self);
+    fn value_extend(&mut self, other: Self) -> Result<(), Self>;
     /// takes the first number of `length` elements
     fn take(&mut self, length: usize) -> Self;
     /// the length of the value
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ pub trait DeltaValue: Debug {
 }
 
 impl<V: DeltaValue, M: Debug> DeltaValue for DeltaItem<V, M> {
-    fn value_extend(&mut self, _other: Self) {
+    fn value_extend(&mut self, _other: Self) -> Result<(), Self> {
         unreachable!()
     }
 
@@ -417,12 +417,21 @@ impl<Value: DeltaValue, M: Meta> Delta<Value, M> {
             }
             if last_op.meta().is_mergeable(new_op.meta()) {
                 if new_op.is_insert() && last_op.is_insert() {
-                    last_op.meta_mut().merge(new_op.meta());
                     let value = last_op.as_insert_mut().unwrap().0;
-                    value.value_extend(new_op.insert_inner());
-                    // self.vec.push(last_op);
-                    self.vec.insert(index - 1, last_op);
-                    return true;
+                    let meta = new_op.meta().clone();
+                    match value.value_extend(new_op.insert_inner()) {
+                        Ok(_) => {
+                            last_op.meta_mut().merge(&meta);
+                            self.vec.insert(index - 1, last_op);
+                            return true;
+                        }
+                        Err(inner) => {
+                            self.vec.insert(index - 1, last_op);
+                            self.vec
+                                .insert(index, DeltaItem::Insert { value: inner, meta });
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    }
                 } else if new_op.is_retain() && last_op.is_retain() {
                     *last_op.as_retain_mut().unwrap().0 += new_op.length();
                     last_op.meta_mut().merge(new_op.meta());
@@ -572,8 +581,9 @@ impl<Value: DeltaValue, M: Meta> Default for Delta<Value, M> {
 }
 
 impl<T: Debug> DeltaValue for Vec<T> {
-    fn value_extend(&mut self, other: Self) {
-        self.extend(other)
+    fn value_extend(&mut self, other: Self) -> Result<(), Self> {
+        self.extend(other);
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     fn take(&mut self, length: usize) -> Self {
@@ -588,8 +598,9 @@ impl<T: Debug> DeltaValue for Vec<T> {
 }
 
 impl DeltaValue for String {
-    fn value_extend(&mut self, other: Self) {
-        self.push_str(&other)
+    fn value_extend(&mut self, other: Self) -> Result<(), Self> {
+        self.push_str(&other);
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     fn take(&mut self, length: usize) -> Self {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs
index 1b6afb2cc..048dacf1e 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs
@@ -538,8 +538,16 @@ pub fn decode_oplog_v2(oplog: &mut OpLog, input: &[u8]) -> Result<(), LoroError>
             // convert change into inner format
             let mut ops = RleVec::new();
             for op in change.ops {
+                let mut lamport = change.lamport;
                 for content in op.contents.into_iter() {
-                    let op = converter.convert_single_op(&op.container, op.counter, content);
+                    let op = converter.convert_single_op(
+                        &op.container,
+                        change.id.peer,
+                        op.counter,
+                        lamport,
+                        content,
+                    );
+                    lamport += op.atom_len() as Lamport;
                     ops.push(op);
                 }
             }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs
index bfb53bd71..2432a5941 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
 
 use crate::{
-    container::richtext::RichtextChunk,
+    container::richtext::richtext_state::RichtextStateChunk,
     delta::{Delta, MapDelta, MapDiff},
     text::text_content::SliceRanges,
     InternalString, LoroValue,
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ pub enum Diff {
     List(Delta<Vec<LoroValue>>),
     SeqRaw(Delta<SliceRanges>),
     SeqRawUtf16(Delta<SliceRanges>),
-    RichtextRaw(Delta<RichtextChunk>),
+    RichtextRaw(Delta<RichtextStateChunk>),
     Text(Delta<String>),
     /// @deprecated
     Map(MapDiff<LoroValue>),
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
index 7839c3c5c..e509f12c9 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
@@ -394,17 +394,14 @@ impl OpLog {
                 list_op::InnerListOp::Delete(del) => {
                     contents.push(RawOpContent::List(list_op::ListOp::Delete(*del)))
                 }
-                list_op::InnerListOp::Style {
-                    start,
-                    end,
-                    key,
-                    info,
-                } => contents.push(RawOpContent::List(list_op::ListOp::Style {
-                    start: *start,
-                    end: *end,
-                    key: key.clone(),
-                    info: *info,
-                })),
+                list_op::InnerListOp::Style { start, end, style } => {
+                    contents.push(RawOpContent::List(list_op::ListOp::Style {
+                        start: *start,
+                        end: *end,
+                        key: style.key.clone(),
+                        info: style.info,
+                    }))
+                }
             },
             crate::op::InnerContent::Map(map) => {
                 let value = map
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog/pending_changes.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog/pending_changes.rs
index 4c80f4592..b0c82d3ca 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog/pending_changes.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog/pending_changes.rs
@@ -205,8 +205,16 @@ impl OpLog {
 pub(super) fn to_local_op(change: Change<RemoteOp>, converter: &mut OpConverter) -> Change {
     let mut ops = RleVec::new();
     for op in change.ops {
+        let mut lamport = change.lamport;
         for content in op.contents.into_iter() {
-            let op = converter.convert_single_op(&op.container, op.counter, content);
+            let op = converter.convert_single_op(
+                &op.container,
+                change.id.peer,
+                op.counter,
+                lamport,
+                content,
+            );
+            lamport += op.atom_len() as Lamport;
             ops.push(op);
         }
     }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
index 2009054e0..0c797cf89 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
@@ -674,12 +674,7 @@ fn encode_oplog(oplog: &OpLog, state_ref: Option<PreEncodedState>) -> FinalPhase
                             op.container.to_index(),
                         ));
                     }
-                    InnerListOp::Style {
-                        start,
-                        end,
-                        key,
-                        info,
-                    } => unimplemented!("style encode"),
+                    InnerListOp::Style { start, end, style } => unimplemented!("style encode"),
                 },
                 InnerContent::Map(map) => {
                     let key = record_key(&map.key);
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
index 461d796be..435022ec8 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
+use generic_btree::rle::HasLength;
 use loro_common::LoroValue;
 
 use crate::{
     arena::SharedArena,
-    container::richtext::richtext_state::Elem,
     container::richtext::RichtextState as InnerState,
+    container::{list::list_op, richtext::richtext_state::RichtextStateChunk},
+    delta::DeltaItem,
     event::Diff,
     op::{Op, RawOp},
 };
@@ -29,8 +31,14 @@ impl Clone for RichtextState {
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 enum UndoItem {
-    Insert { index: u32, len: u32 },
-    Delete { index: u32, content: Elem },
+    Insert {
+        index: u32,
+        len: u32,
+    },
+    Delete {
+        index: u32,
+        content: RichtextStateChunk,
+    },
 }
 
 impl ContainerState for RichtextState {
@@ -46,28 +54,25 @@ impl ContainerState for RichtextState {
                     index += len;
                 }
                 crate::delta::DeltaItem::Insert { value, meta } => {
-                    match value.value() {
-                        crate::container::richtext::RichtextChunkValue::Text(r) => {
+                    match value {
+                        RichtextStateChunk::Text { unicode_len, text } => {
                             self.state.insert_elem_at_entity_index(
-                                index,
-                                Elem::Text {
-                                    unicode_len: (r.end - r.start) as i32,
-                                    text: arena.slice_by_unicode(r.start as usize..r.end as usize),
+                                index as usize,
+                                RichtextStateChunk::Text {
+                                    unicode_len: *unicode_len,
+                                    text: text.clone(),
                                 },
                             );
                         }
-                        crate::container::richtext::RichtextChunkValue::Symbol(s) => {
-                            unimplemented!()
-                        }
-                        crate::container::richtext::RichtextChunkValue::Unknown(_) => {
-                            unreachable!()
+                        RichtextStateChunk::Style { style, anchor_type } => {
+                            todo!("should handle style annotation")
                         }
                     }
                     self.undo_stack.push(UndoItem::Insert {
                         index: index as u32,
-                        len: value.len() as u32,
+                        len: value.rle_len() as u32,
                     });
-                    index += value.len();
+                    index += value.rle_len();
                 }
                 crate::delta::DeltaItem::Delete { len, meta } => {
                     let content = self.state.drain_by_entity_index(index, *len);
@@ -82,24 +87,37 @@ impl ContainerState for RichtextState {
         }
     }
 
-    fn apply_op(&mut self, op: &RawOp, _: &Op, arena: &SharedArena) {
+    fn apply_op(&mut self, _: &RawOp, op: &Op, arena: &SharedArena) {
         match &op.content {
-            crate::op::RawOpContent::List(list) => match list {
-                crate::container::list::list_op::ListOp::Insert { slice, pos } => {}
-                crate::container::list::list_op::ListOp::Delete(_) => todo!(),
-                crate::container::list::list_op::ListOp::Style {
-                    start,
-                    end,
-                    key,
-                    info,
-                } => todo!(),
+            crate::op::InnerContent::List(l) => match l {
+                list_op::InnerListOp::Insert { slice, pos } => {
+                    self.state.insert(
+                        *pos,
+                        arena.slice_by_unicode(slice.0.start as usize..slice.0.end as usize),
+                    );
+                }
+                list_op::InnerListOp::Delete(del) => {
+                    self.state.delete(del.pos as usize, del.len as usize);
+                }
+                list_op::InnerListOp::Style { start, end, style } => {
+                    self.state
+                        .mark(*start as usize..*end as usize, style.clone());
+                }
             },
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }
     }
 
     fn to_diff(&self) -> Diff {
-        todo!()
+        let mut delta = crate::delta::Delta::new();
+        for span in self.state.iter_chunk() {
+            delta.vec.push(DeltaItem::Insert {
+                value: span.clone(),
+                meta: (),
+            })
+        }
+
+        Diff::RichtextRaw(delta)
     }
 
     fn start_txn(&mut self) {
@@ -133,8 +151,10 @@ impl RichtextState {
                 }
                 UndoItem::Delete { index, content } => {
                     match content {
-                        Elem::Text { .. } => {}
-                        Elem::Style { .. } => unimplemented!("should handle style annotation"),
+                        RichtextStateChunk::Text { .. } => {}
+                        RichtextStateChunk::Style { .. } => {
+                            unimplemented!("should handle style annotation")
+                        }
                     }
 
                     self.state
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
index 3875bce5a..b670289ce 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
@@ -322,12 +322,7 @@ fn change_to_diff(
                             InnerListOp::Delete(..) => {
                                 Diff::SeqRawUtf16(Delta::new().retain(*pos).delete(*len))
                             }
-                            InnerListOp::Style {
-                                start,
-                                end,
-                                key,
-                                info,
-                            } => unimplemented!(),
+                            InnerListOp::Style { start, end, style } => unimplemented!(),
                         },
                     }
                 }
@@ -347,12 +342,7 @@ fn change_to_diff(
                                 .retain(del.pos as usize)
                                 .delete(del.len as usize),
                         ),
-                        InnerListOp::Style {
-                            start,
-                            end,
-                            key,
-                            info,
-                        } => unimplemented!(),
+                        InnerListOp::Style { start, end, style } => unimplemented!(),
                     },
                     crate::op::InnerContent::Map(map) => {
                         let value = map.value.map(|v| arena.get_value(v as usize)).flatten();

From 2db8d9b515fb621a3471e9f2cae3d19456072eba Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zixuan Chen <remch183@outlook.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Oct 2023 20:34:40 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 018/111] refactor: use two op to insert style start and style
 end

---
 crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs             | 53 ++++++++++++-------
 .../src/container/list/list_op.rs             | 42 ++++++++-------
 .../loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs   |  2 +-
 .../src/container/text/tracker.rs             |  2 +-
 .../src/encoding/encode_changes.rs            |  8 +--
 .../src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs           |  8 +--
 crates/loro-internal/src/op/content.rs        | 15 +++---
 crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs             | 14 +++--
 crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs   |  3 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs  |  3 +-
 .../loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs | 17 ++++--
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/text_state.rs  | 12 +++--
 crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs               |  6 ++-
 13 files changed, 110 insertions(+), 75 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs
index 9c0a4e0af..ed6652804 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs
@@ -135,17 +135,26 @@ impl<'a> OpConverter<'a> {
                     container,
                     content: InnerContent::List(InnerListOp::Delete(span)),
                 },
-                ListOp::Style {
-                    start,
-                    end,
-                    info,
-                    key,
-                } => Op {
+                ListOp::StyleStart { pos, info, key } => Op {
                     counter,
                     container,
-                    content: InnerContent::List(InnerListOp::Style {
-                        start,
-                        end,
+                    content: InnerContent::List(InnerListOp::StyleStart {
+                        pos,
+                        style: Arc::new(crate::container::richtext::StyleOp {
+                            lamport,
+                            peer,
+                            cnt: counter,
+                            key,
+                            info,
+                        }),
+                    }),
+                },
+                ListOp::StyleEnd { pos, key, info } => Op {
+                    counter,
+                    container,
+                    content: InnerContent::List(InnerListOp::StyleEnd {
+                        pos,
+                        // PERF we may reuse the style object created by StyleStart
                         style: Arc::new(crate::container::richtext::StyleOp {
                             lamport,
                             peer,
@@ -377,17 +386,25 @@ impl SharedArena {
                     container,
                     content: crate::op::InnerContent::List(InnerListOp::Delete(span)),
                 },
-                ListOp::Style {
-                    start,
-                    end,
-                    info,
-                    key,
-                } => Op {
+                ListOp::StyleStart { pos, info, key } => Op {
+                    counter,
+                    container,
+                    content: InnerContent::List(InnerListOp::StyleStart {
+                        pos,
+                        style: Arc::new(StyleOp {
+                            lamport,
+                            peer,
+                            cnt: counter,
+                            key,
+                            info,
+                        }),
+                    }),
+                },
+                ListOp::StyleEnd { pos, key, info } => Op {
                     counter,
                     container,
-                    content: InnerContent::List(InnerListOp::Style {
-                        start,
-                        end,
+                    content: InnerContent::List(InnerListOp::StyleEnd {
+                        pos,
                         style: Arc::new(StyleOp {
                             lamport,
                             peer,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/list/list_op.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/list/list_op.rs
index 56584d688..fbd069e8b 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/list/list_op.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/list/list_op.rs
@@ -21,9 +21,14 @@ pub enum ListOp<'a> {
         pos: usize,
     },
     Delete(DeleteSpan),
-    Style {
-        start: u32,
-        end: u32,
+    /// StyleStart and StyleEnd must be paired.
+    StyleStart {
+        pos: u32,
+        key: InternalString,
+        info: TextStyleInfoFlag,
+    },
+    StyleEnd {
+        pos: u32,
         key: InternalString,
         info: TextStyleInfoFlag,
     },
@@ -38,9 +43,13 @@ pub enum InnerListOp {
         pos: usize,
     },
     Delete(DeleteSpan),
-    Style {
-        start: u32,
-        end: u32,
+    /// StyleStart and StyleEnd must be paired.
+    StyleStart {
+        pos: u32,
+        style: Arc<StyleOp>,
+    },
+    StyleEnd {
+        pos: u32,
         style: Arc<StyleOp>,
     },
 }
@@ -237,7 +246,7 @@ impl<'a> Mergable for ListOp<'a> {
                 ListOp::Delete(other_span) => span.is_mergable(other_span, &()),
                 _ => false,
             },
-            ListOp::Style { .. } => false,
+            ListOp::StyleStart { .. } | ListOp::StyleEnd { .. } => false,
         }
     }
 
@@ -258,12 +267,7 @@ impl<'a> Mergable for ListOp<'a> {
                 ListOp::Delete(other_span) => span.merge(other_span, &()),
                 _ => unreachable!(),
             },
-            ListOp::Style {
-                start,
-                end,
-                key,
-                info,
-            } => unreachable!(),
+            ListOp::StyleStart { .. } | ListOp::StyleEnd { .. } => unreachable!(),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -273,7 +277,7 @@ impl<'a> HasLength for ListOp<'a> {
         match self {
             ListOp::Insert { slice, .. } => slice.content_len(),
             ListOp::Delete(span) => span.atom_len(),
-            ListOp::Style { .. } => 1,
+            ListOp::StyleStart { .. } | ListOp::StyleEnd { .. } => 1,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -286,7 +290,7 @@ impl<'a> Sliceable for ListOp<'a> {
                 pos: *pos + from,
             },
             ListOp::Delete(span) => ListOp::Delete(span.slice(from, to)),
-            a @ ListOp::Style { .. } => a.clone(),
+            a @ (ListOp::StyleStart { .. } | ListOp::StyleEnd { .. }) => a.clone(),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -309,7 +313,7 @@ impl Mergable for InnerListOp {
                 InnerListOp::Delete(other_span) => span.is_mergable(other_span, &()),
                 _ => false,
             },
-            InnerListOp::Style { .. } => false,
+            InnerListOp::StyleStart { .. } | InnerListOp::StyleEnd { .. } => false,
         }
     }
 
@@ -330,7 +334,7 @@ impl Mergable for InnerListOp {
                 InnerListOp::Delete(other_span) => span.merge(other_span, &()),
                 _ => unreachable!(),
             },
-            InnerListOp::Style { .. } => unreachable!(),
+            InnerListOp::StyleStart { .. } | InnerListOp::StyleEnd { .. } => unreachable!(),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -340,7 +344,7 @@ impl HasLength for InnerListOp {
         match self {
             InnerListOp::Insert { slice, .. } => slice.content_len(),
             InnerListOp::Delete(span) => span.atom_len(),
-            InnerListOp::Style { .. } => 1,
+            InnerListOp::StyleStart { .. } | InnerListOp::StyleEnd { .. } => 1,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -353,7 +357,7 @@ impl Sliceable for InnerListOp {
                 pos: *pos + from,
             },
             InnerListOp::Delete(span) => InnerListOp::Delete(span.slice(from, to)),
-            InnerListOp::Style { .. } => self.clone(),
+            InnerListOp::StyleStart { .. } | InnerListOp::StyleEnd { .. } => self.clone(),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs
index 939c963a6..f863cfa60 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ use fugue_span::*;
 use loro_common::{Counter, LoroValue, PeerID};
 use std::{borrow::Cow, fmt::Debug};
 
-pub(crate) use fugue_span::{RichtextChunk, RichtextChunkValue};
+pub(crate) use fugue_span::RichtextChunk;
 pub(crate) use richtext_state::RichtextState;
 
 /// This is the data structure that represents a span of rich text.
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/text/tracker.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/text/tracker.rs
index fc629d58b..1608ddf7e 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/text/tracker.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/text/tracker.rs
@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ impl Tracker {
                 self.id_to_cursor
                     .set_small_range((id).into(), cursor_map::Marker::Delete(Box::new(spans)));
             }
-            InnerListOp::Style { .. } => unreachable!(),
+            _ => unreachable!(),
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs
index 5268dabb6..39a2068fa 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs
@@ -180,12 +180,8 @@ pub(super) fn encode_oplog_changes(oplog: &OpLog, vv: &VersionVector) -> Vec<u8>
                         ListOp::Delete(span) => {
                             (span.pos as usize, Some(LoroValue::I32(span.len as i32)))
                         }
-                        ListOp::Style {
-                            start,
-                            end,
-                            key,
-                            info,
-                        } => todo!("impl style encode"),
+                        ListOp::StyleStart { pos, key, info } => todo!("impl style encode"),
+                        ListOp::StyleEnd { pos, key, info } => todo!("impl style encode"),
                     },
                 };
                 op_len += 1;
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs
index 048dacf1e..b72a01e5b 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs
@@ -219,12 +219,8 @@ pub fn encode_oplog_v2(oplog: &OpLog, vv: &VersionVector) -> Vec<u8> {
                             // span.len maybe negative
                             (span.pos as usize, true, span.len)
                         }
-                        ListOp::Style {
-                            start,
-                            end,
-                            key,
-                            info,
-                        } => unimplemented!("style encode"),
+                        ListOp::StyleStart { pos, key, info } => unimplemented!("style encode"),
+                        ListOp::StyleEnd { pos, key, info } => unimplemented!("style encode"),
                     },
                 };
                 op_len += 1;
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/op/content.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/op/content.rs
index 9ce39d52e..8ed4ac02b 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/op/content.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/op/content.rs
@@ -52,14 +52,13 @@ impl<'a> RawOpContent<'a> {
                     pos: *pos,
                 }),
                 ListOp::Delete(x) => RawOpContent::List(ListOp::Delete(*x)),
-                ListOp::Style {
-                    start,
-                    end,
-                    key,
-                    info,
-                } => RawOpContent::List(ListOp::Style {
-                    start: *start,
-                    end: *end,
+                ListOp::StyleStart { pos, key, info } => RawOpContent::List(ListOp::StyleStart {
+                    pos: *pos,
+                    key: key.clone(),
+                    info: *info,
+                }),
+                ListOp::StyleEnd { pos, key, info } => RawOpContent::List(ListOp::StyleEnd {
+                    pos: *pos,
                     key: key.clone(),
                     info: *info,
                 }),
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
index e509f12c9..c95dbbd43 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
@@ -394,10 +394,16 @@ impl OpLog {
                 list_op::InnerListOp::Delete(del) => {
                     contents.push(RawOpContent::List(list_op::ListOp::Delete(*del)))
                 }
-                list_op::InnerListOp::Style { start, end, style } => {
-                    contents.push(RawOpContent::List(list_op::ListOp::Style {
-                        start: *start,
-                        end: *end,
+                list_op::InnerListOp::StyleStart { pos, style } => {
+                    contents.push(RawOpContent::List(list_op::ListOp::StyleStart {
+                        pos: *pos,
+                        key: style.key.clone(),
+                        info: style.info,
+                    }))
+                }
+                list_op::InnerListOp::StyleEnd { pos, style } => {
+                    contents.push(RawOpContent::List(list_op::ListOp::StyleEnd {
+                        pos: *pos,
                         key: style.key.clone(),
                         info: style.info,
                     }))
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
index 0c797cf89..7bcef28e6 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
@@ -674,7 +674,8 @@ fn encode_oplog(oplog: &OpLog, state_ref: Option<PreEncodedState>) -> FinalPhase
                             op.container.to_index(),
                         ));
                     }
-                    InnerListOp::Style { start, end, style } => unimplemented!("style encode"),
+                    InnerListOp::StyleStart { pos, style } => unimplemented!("style encode"),
+                    InnerListOp::StyleEnd { pos, style } => unimplemented!("style encode"),
                 },
                 InnerContent::Map(map) => {
                     let key = record_key(&map.key);
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs
index cb4721d53..7b6c1f767 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs
@@ -444,7 +444,8 @@ impl ContainerState for ListState {
                 crate::container::list::list_op::ListOp::Delete(del) => {
                     self.delete_range(del.pos as usize..del.pos as usize + del.len as usize);
                 }
-                crate::container::list::list_op::ListOp::Style { .. } => unreachable!(),
+                crate::container::list::list_op::ListOp::StyleStart { .. } => unreachable!(),
+                crate::container::list::list_op::ListOp::StyleEnd { .. } => unreachable!(),
             },
         }
     }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
index 435022ec8..2f7a897f7 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
+use std::{ops::Deref, sync::Arc};
+
 use generic_btree::rle::HasLength;
 use loro_common::LoroValue;
 
 use crate::{
     arena::SharedArena,
-    container::richtext::RichtextState as InnerState,
+    container::richtext::{RichtextState as InnerState, StyleOp},
     container::{list::list_op, richtext::richtext_state::RichtextStateChunk},
     delta::DeltaItem,
     event::Diff,
@@ -17,6 +19,7 @@ pub struct RichtextState {
     state: InnerState,
     in_txn: bool,
     undo_stack: Vec<UndoItem>,
+    style_start_op: Option<(usize, Arc<StyleOp>)>,
 }
 
 impl Clone for RichtextState {
@@ -25,6 +28,7 @@ impl Clone for RichtextState {
             state: self.state.clone(),
             in_txn: false,
             undo_stack: Vec::new(),
+            style_start_op: None,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -99,9 +103,14 @@ impl ContainerState for RichtextState {
                 list_op::InnerListOp::Delete(del) => {
                     self.state.delete(del.pos as usize, del.len as usize);
                 }
-                list_op::InnerListOp::Style { start, end, style } => {
-                    self.state
-                        .mark(*start as usize..*end as usize, style.clone());
+                list_op::InnerListOp::StyleStart { pos, style } => {
+                    self.style_start_op = Some((*pos as usize, style.clone()));
+                }
+                list_op::InnerListOp::StyleEnd { pos, style } => {
+                    let (start_pos, start_style) =
+                        std::mem::take(&mut self.style_start_op).unwrap();
+                    assert_eq!(start_style.deref(), style.deref());
+                    self.state.mark(start_pos..*pos as usize, start_style);
                 }
             },
             _ => unreachable!(),
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/text_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/text_state.rs
index f57eee286..c3def321a 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/text_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/text_state.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,10 @@ use jumprope::JumpRope;
 
 use crate::{
     arena::SharedArena,
-    container::text::text_content::{ListSlice, SliceRanges},
+    container::{
+        list::list_op,
+        text::text_content::{ListSlice, SliceRanges},
+    },
     delta::{Delta, DeltaItem},
     event::Diff,
     op::{Op, RawOp, RawOpContent},
@@ -78,7 +81,7 @@ impl ContainerState for TextState {
     fn apply_op(&mut self, op: &RawOp, _: &Op, arena: &SharedArena) {
         match &op.content {
             RawOpContent::List(list) => match list {
-                crate::container::list::list_op::ListOp::Insert { slice, pos } => match slice {
+                list_op::ListOp::Insert { slice, pos } => match slice {
                     ListSlice::RawStr {
                         str,
                         unicode_len: _,
@@ -87,10 +90,11 @@ impl ContainerState for TextState {
                     }
                     _ => unreachable!(),
                 },
-                crate::container::list::list_op::ListOp::Delete(del) => {
+                list_op::ListOp::Delete(del) => {
                     self.delete_unicode(del.pos as usize..del.pos as usize + del.len as usize);
                 }
-                crate::container::list::list_op::ListOp::Style { .. } => unreachable!(),
+                list_op::ListOp::StyleStart { .. } => unreachable!(),
+                list_op::ListOp::StyleEnd { .. } => unreachable!(),
             },
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
index b670289ce..d31263da3 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
@@ -322,7 +322,8 @@ fn change_to_diff(
                             InnerListOp::Delete(..) => {
                                 Diff::SeqRawUtf16(Delta::new().retain(*pos).delete(*len))
                             }
-                            InnerListOp::Style { start, end, style } => unimplemented!(),
+                            InnerListOp::StyleStart { pos, style } => unimplemented!(),
+                            InnerListOp::StyleEnd { pos, style } => unimplemented!(),
                         },
                     }
                 }
@@ -342,7 +343,8 @@ fn change_to_diff(
                                 .retain(del.pos as usize)
                                 .delete(del.len as usize),
                         ),
-                        InnerListOp::Style { start, end, style } => unimplemented!(),
+                        InnerListOp::StyleStart { pos, style } => unimplemented!(),
+                        InnerListOp::StyleEnd { pos, style } => unimplemented!(),
                     },
                     crate::op::InnerContent::Map(map) => {
                         let value = map.value.map(|v| arena.get_value(v as usize)).flatten();

From 0c16ec6ae8e446d7dd51a88f16f611141cfa3691 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zixuan Chen <remch183@outlook.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Oct 2023 23:24:20 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 019/111] feat: diff calc

---
 crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs             |   4 +-
 .../loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs   |   3 +-
 .../src/container/richtext/fugue_span.rs      |  85 ++++--
 .../src/container/richtext/tracker.rs         |  46 +++-
 .../container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs   | 248 +++++++++++++++---
 crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs         | 110 +++++++-
 .../loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs |   4 +-
 7 files changed, 425 insertions(+), 75 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs
index ed6652804..932ad042a 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 mod str_arena;
 
 use std::{
-    ops::Range,
+    ops::{Range, RangeBounds},
     sync::{Arc, Mutex, MutexGuard},
 };
 
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ impl SharedArena {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn slice_by_unicode(&self, range: Range<usize>) -> BytesSlice {
+    pub fn slice_by_unicode(&self, range: impl RangeBounds<usize>) -> BytesSlice {
         self.inner.str.lock().unwrap().slice_by_unicode(range)
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs
index f863cfa60..cde9ab542 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs
@@ -22,8 +22,9 @@ use fugue_span::*;
 use loro_common::{Counter, LoroValue, PeerID};
 use std::{borrow::Cow, fmt::Debug};
 
-pub(crate) use fugue_span::RichtextChunk;
+pub(crate) use fugue_span::{RichtextChunk, RichtextChunkValue};
 pub(crate) use richtext_state::RichtextState;
+pub(crate) use tracker::{CrdtRopeDelta, Tracker as RichtextTracker};
 
 /// This is the data structure that represents a span of rich text.
 /// It's used to communicate with the frontend.
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/fugue_span.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/fugue_span.rs
index 285438efe..e1ff9b958 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/fugue_span.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/fugue_span.rs
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ use generic_btree::rle::{HasLength, Mergeable, Sliceable};
 use loro_common::{Counter, HasId, IdSpan, ID};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
+use super::AnchorType;
+
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Copy, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub(crate) struct RichtextChunk {
     start: u32,
@@ -13,20 +15,21 @@ pub(crate) struct RichtextChunk {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Copy)]
 pub(crate) enum RichtextChunkKind {
     Text,
-    Symbol,
+    StyleAnchor,
     Unknown,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub(crate) enum RichtextChunkValue {
     Text(Range<u32>),
-    Symbol(u32),
+    StyleAnchor { id: u32, anchor_type: AnchorType },
     Unknown(u32),
 }
 
 impl RichtextChunk {
-    pub(crate) const UNKNOWN_START: u32 = u32::MAX;
-    pub(crate) const SYMBOL_START: u32 = u32::MAX - 1;
+    pub(crate) const UNKNOWN: u32 = u32::MAX;
+    pub(crate) const START_STYLE_ANCHOR: u32 = u32::MAX - 1;
+    pub(crate) const END_STYLE_ANCHOR: u32 = u32::MAX - 2;
 
     #[inline]
     pub fn new_text(range: Range<u32>) -> Self {
@@ -37,17 +40,23 @@ impl RichtextChunk {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn new_symbol(idx: u32) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            start: Self::SYMBOL_START,
-            end: idx,
+    pub fn new_style_anchor(idx: u32, anchor_type: AnchorType) -> Self {
+        match anchor_type {
+            AnchorType::Start => Self {
+                start: Self::START_STYLE_ANCHOR,
+                end: idx,
+            },
+            AnchorType::End => Self {
+                start: Self::END_STYLE_ANCHOR,
+                end: idx,
+            },
         }
     }
 
     #[inline]
     pub fn new_unknown(len: u32) -> Self {
         Self {
-            start: Self::UNKNOWN_START,
+            start: Self::UNKNOWN,
             end: len,
         }
     }
@@ -55,8 +64,9 @@ impl RichtextChunk {
     #[inline]
     pub(crate) fn kind(&self) -> RichtextChunkKind {
         match self.start {
-            Self::SYMBOL_START => RichtextChunkKind::Symbol,
-            Self::UNKNOWN_START => RichtextChunkKind::Unknown,
+            Self::START_STYLE_ANCHOR => RichtextChunkKind::StyleAnchor,
+            Self::END_STYLE_ANCHOR => RichtextChunkKind::StyleAnchor,
+            Self::UNKNOWN => RichtextChunkKind::Unknown,
             _ => RichtextChunkKind::Text,
         }
     }
@@ -64,8 +74,8 @@ impl RichtextChunk {
     #[inline(always)]
     pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
         match self.start {
-            Self::UNKNOWN_START => self.end as usize,
-            Self::SYMBOL_START => 1,
+            Self::UNKNOWN => self.end as usize,
+            Self::START_STYLE_ANCHOR | Self::END_STYLE_ANCHOR => 1,
             _ => (self.end - self.start) as usize,
         }
     }
@@ -73,8 +83,15 @@ impl RichtextChunk {
     #[inline]
     pub(crate) fn value(&self) -> RichtextChunkValue {
         match self.start {
-            Self::UNKNOWN_START => RichtextChunkValue::Unknown(self.end),
-            Self::SYMBOL_START => RichtextChunkValue::Symbol(self.end),
+            Self::UNKNOWN => RichtextChunkValue::Unknown(self.end),
+            Self::START_STYLE_ANCHOR => RichtextChunkValue::StyleAnchor {
+                id: self.end,
+                anchor_type: AnchorType::Start,
+            },
+            Self::END_STYLE_ANCHOR => RichtextChunkValue::StyleAnchor {
+                id: self.end,
+                anchor_type: AnchorType::End,
+            },
             _ => RichtextChunkValue::Text(self.start..self.end),
         }
     }
@@ -123,14 +140,14 @@ impl Sliceable for RichtextChunk {
                     end: self.start + range.end as u32,
                 }
             }
-            RichtextChunkKind::Symbol => {
+            RichtextChunkKind::StyleAnchor => {
                 assert_eq!(range.len(), 1);
                 *self
             }
             RichtextChunkKind::Unknown => {
                 assert!(range.len() <= self.len());
                 Self {
-                    start: Self::UNKNOWN_START,
+                    start: Self::UNKNOWN,
                     end: range.len() as u32,
                 }
             }
@@ -143,14 +160,20 @@ pub(super) struct FugueSpan {
     pub id: ID,
     /// The status at the current version
     pub status: Status,
-    /// The status at the `after` version
-    /// It's used when calculating diff
-    pub after_status: Option<Status>,
+    /// The status at the `new` version.
+    /// It's used when calculating diff.
+    pub diff_status: Option<Status>,
     pub origin_left: Option<ID>,
     pub origin_right: Option<ID>,
     pub content: RichtextChunk,
 }
 
+pub(super) enum DiffStatus {
+    NotChanged,
+    Created,
+    Deleted,
+}
+
 impl FugueSpan {
     #[inline(always)]
     pub fn id_span(&self) -> IdSpan {
@@ -160,6 +183,22 @@ impl FugueSpan {
             self.id.counter + self.content.len() as Counter,
         )
     }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn diff(&self) -> DiffStatus {
+        if self.diff_status.is_none() {
+            return DiffStatus::NotChanged;
+        }
+
+        match (
+            self.status.is_activated(),
+            self.diff_status.unwrap().is_activated(),
+        ) {
+            (true, false) => DiffStatus::Deleted,
+            (false, true) => DiffStatus::Created,
+            _ => DiffStatus::NotChanged,
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 impl Sliceable for FugueSpan {
@@ -167,7 +206,7 @@ impl Sliceable for FugueSpan {
         Self {
             id: self.id.inc(range.start as Counter),
             status: self.status,
-            after_status: self.after_status,
+            diff_status: self.diff_status,
             origin_left: if range.start == 0 {
                 self.origin_left
             } else {
@@ -190,7 +229,7 @@ impl Mergeable for FugueSpan {
     fn can_merge(&self, rhs: &Self) -> bool {
         self.id.peer == rhs.id.peer
             && self.status == rhs.status
-            && self.after_status == rhs.after_status
+            && self.diff_status == rhs.diff_status
             && Some(self.id) == rhs.origin_left
             && self.id.counter + self.content.len() as Counter == rhs.id.counter
             && self.origin_right == rhs.origin_right
@@ -212,7 +251,7 @@ impl FugueSpan {
         Self {
             id,
             status: Status::default(),
-            after_status: None,
+            diff_status: None,
             origin_left: None,
             origin_right: None,
             content,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs
index f51b3b501..f510f5d1e 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ use super::{
 
 mod crdt_rope;
 mod id_to_cursor;
+pub(crate) use crdt_rope::CrdtRopeDelta;
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub(crate) struct Tracker {
@@ -21,6 +22,12 @@ pub(crate) struct Tracker {
     id_to_cursor: IdToCursor,
 }
 
+impl Default for Tracker {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::new_with_unknown()
+    }
+}
+
 impl Tracker {
     pub fn new_with_unknown() -> Self {
         let mut this = Self {
@@ -47,14 +54,24 @@ impl Tracker {
         }
     }
 
-    fn insert(&mut self, op_id: ID, pos: usize, content: RichtextChunk) {
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn all_vv(&self) -> &VersionVector {
+        &self.applied_vv
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn current_vv(&self) -> &VersionVector {
+        &self.current_vv
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn insert(&mut self, op_id: ID, pos: usize, content: RichtextChunk) {
         let result = self.rope.insert(
             pos,
             FugueSpan {
                 content,
                 id: op_id,
                 status: Status::default(),
-                after_status: None,
+                diff_status: None,
                 origin_left: None,
                 origin_right: None,
             },
@@ -80,7 +97,7 @@ impl Tracker {
         }
     }
 
-    fn delete(&mut self, op_id: ID, pos: usize, len: usize) {
+    pub(crate) fn delete(&mut self, op_id: ID, pos: usize, len: usize) {
         let mut cur_id = op_id;
         let splitted = self.rope.delete(pos, len, |span| {
             self.id_to_cursor
@@ -95,7 +112,16 @@ impl Tracker {
         self.applied_vv.extend_to_include_end_id(end_id);
     }
 
-    fn checkout(&mut self, vv: &VersionVector) {
+    #[inline]
+    pub(crate) fn checkout(&mut self, vv: &VersionVector) {
+        self._checkout(vv, false);
+    }
+
+    fn _checkout(&mut self, vv: &VersionVector, on_diff_status: bool) {
+        if on_diff_status {
+            self.rope.clear_diff_status();
+        }
+
         let (retreat, forward) = self.current_vv.diff_iter(vv);
         let mut updates = Vec::new();
 
@@ -160,9 +186,19 @@ impl Tracker {
         }
 
         self.current_vv = vv.clone();
-        let leaf_indexes = self.rope.update(&updates);
+        let leaf_indexes = self.rope.update(&updates, on_diff_status);
         self.update_insert_by_split(&leaf_indexes);
     }
+
+    pub(crate) fn diff(
+        &mut self,
+        from: &VersionVector,
+        to: &VersionVector,
+    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = CrdtRopeDelta> + '_ {
+        self._checkout(from, false);
+        self._checkout(to, true);
+        self.rope.get_diff()
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs
index 7cf5d9019..376d9e456 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use generic_btree::{
 use loro_common::{Counter, HasCounter, HasCounterSpan, HasIdSpan, IdSpan, ID};
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
 
-use crate::container::richtext::{FugueSpan, Status};
+use crate::container::richtext::{fugue_span::DiffStatus, FugueSpan, RichtextChunk, Status};
 
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
 pub(super) struct CrdtRope {
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ impl CrdtRope {
             };
         }
 
-        let pos = pos as isize;
+        let pos = pos as i32;
         let start = self.tree.query::<ActiveLenQuery>(&pos).unwrap();
 
         let (parent_right, parent_right_leaf, in_between) = {
@@ -206,17 +206,18 @@ impl CrdtRope {
         len: usize,
         mut notify_deleted_span: impl FnMut(FugueSpan),
     ) -> SplittedLeaves {
-        let start = self.tree.query::<ActiveLenQuery>(&(pos as isize)).unwrap();
+        let start = self.tree.query::<ActiveLenQuery>(&(pos as i32)).unwrap();
         let end = self
             .tree
-            .query::<ActiveLenQuery>(&((pos + len) as isize))
+            .query::<ActiveLenQuery>(&((pos + len) as i32))
             .unwrap();
         self.tree.update(start.cursor()..end.cursor(), &mut |elem| {
             if elem.is_activated() {
                 notify_deleted_span(*elem);
                 elem.status.delete_times += 1;
                 Some(Cache {
-                    len: -(elem.rle_len() as isize),
+                    len: -(elem.rle_len() as i32),
+                    changed_num: 0,
                 })
             } else {
                 None
@@ -227,29 +228,47 @@ impl CrdtRope {
     /// Update the leaf with given `id_span`
     ///
     /// Return the new leaf indexes that are created by splitting the old leaf nodes
-    pub(super) fn update(&mut self, updates: &[LeafUpdate]) -> Vec<LeafIndex> {
+    pub(super) fn update(
+        &mut self,
+        updates: &[LeafUpdate],
+        on_diff_status: bool,
+    ) -> Vec<LeafIndex> {
         let mut ans = Vec::new();
         // TODO: this method can be optimized by batching the updates
         for update in updates {
             let (_, splitted) = self.tree.update_leaf(update.leaf, |elem| {
                 let start = update.id_span.ctr_start() - elem.id.counter;
                 let end = update.id_span.ctr_end() - elem.id.counter;
-                let mut diff = 0;
+                let mut diff = Cache {
+                    len: 0,
+                    changed_num: 0,
+                };
                 let (a, b) = elem.update_with_split(start as usize..end as usize, |elem| {
-                    let was_active = elem.is_activated();
-                    update.apply_to(&mut elem.status);
-                    match (was_active, elem.is_activated()) {
-                        (true, false) => {
-                            diff -= elem.rle_len() as isize;
-                        }
-                        (false, true) => {
-                            diff += elem.rle_len() as isize;
+                    if on_diff_status {
+                        assert!(elem.diff_status.is_none());
+                        elem.diff_status = Some(elem.status);
+                        update.apply_to(elem.diff_status.as_mut().unwrap());
+                        diff.changed_num += 1;
+                    } else {
+                        let was_active = elem.is_activated();
+                        update.apply_to(&mut elem.status);
+                        match (was_active, elem.is_activated()) {
+                            (true, false) => {
+                                diff.len -= elem.rle_len() as i32;
+                            }
+                            (false, true) => {
+                                diff.len += elem.rle_len() as i32;
+                            }
+                            _ => {}
                         }
-                        _ => {}
                     }
                 });
 
-                (true, Some(Cache { len: diff }), a, b)
+                if diff.len == 0 && diff.changed_num == 0 {
+                    (false, None, a, b)
+                } else {
+                    (true, Some(diff), a, b)
+                }
             });
 
             for s in splitted.arr {
@@ -260,6 +279,68 @@ impl CrdtRope {
         ans
     }
 
+    pub(super) fn clear_diff_status(&mut self) {
+        self.tree.update_cache_and_elem_with_filter(
+            |cache| {
+                let drill = cache.changed_num > 0;
+                cache.changed_num = 0;
+                drill
+            },
+            |elem| {
+                elem.diff_status = None;
+            },
+        );
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn get_diff(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = CrdtRopeDelta> + '_ {
+        let mut last_pos = 0;
+        let mut iter = self
+            .tree
+            .iter_with_filter(|cache| (cache.changed_num > 0, cache.len));
+        let mut next = None;
+        std::iter::from_fn(move || {
+            if let Some(next) = next.take() {
+                return Some(next);
+            }
+
+            #[allow(clippy::while_let_on_iterator)]
+            while let Some((index, elem)) = iter.next() {
+                // The elements will not be changed by this method.
+                // This index is current index of the elem (calculated by `status` field rather than `diff_status` field)
+                match elem.diff() {
+                    DiffStatus::NotChanged => {}
+                    DiffStatus::Created => {
+                        let rt = Some(CrdtRopeDelta::Insert(elem.content));
+                        if index > last_pos {
+                            next = rt;
+                            let len = index - last_pos;
+                            // last pos = index, because the creation has not been applied to the elem
+                            last_pos = index;
+                            return Some(CrdtRopeDelta::Retain(len as usize));
+                        } else {
+                            return rt;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    DiffStatus::Deleted => {
+                        let rt = Some(CrdtRopeDelta::Delete(elem.rle_len()));
+                        if index > last_pos {
+                            next = rt;
+                            let len = index - last_pos;
+                            // last pos = index + len, because the deletion has not been applied to the elem
+                            last_pos = index + elem.rle_len() as i32;
+                            return Some(CrdtRopeDelta::Retain(len as usize));
+                        } else {
+                            last_pos = index + elem.rle_len() as i32;
+                            return rt;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            None
+        })
+    }
+
     fn cmp_pos(
         &self,
         parent_right: Option<LeafIndex>,
@@ -276,13 +357,20 @@ impl CrdtRope {
     }
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Copy)]
+pub(crate) enum CrdtRopeDelta {
+    Retain(usize),
+    Insert(RichtextChunk),
+    Delete(usize),
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
 pub(super) struct CrdtRopeTrait;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Copy)]
 pub(super) struct Cache {
-    pub(super) len: isize,
-    // TODO: consider adding a 'changed_num' field
+    pub(super) len: i32,
+    pub(super) changed_num: i32,
 }
 
 impl BTreeTrait for CrdtRopeTrait {
@@ -297,26 +385,35 @@ impl BTreeTrait for CrdtRopeTrait {
         cache: &mut Self::Cache,
         caches: &[generic_btree::Child<Self>],
     ) -> Self::CacheDiff {
-        let ans = caches.iter().map(|x| x.cache.len).sum();
-        let diff = ans - cache.len;
-        cache.len = ans;
-        Cache { len: diff }
+        let new_len = caches.iter().map(|x| x.cache.len).sum();
+        let new_changed_num = caches.iter().map(|x| x.cache.changed_num).sum();
+        let len_diff = new_len - cache.len;
+        let changed_num_diff = new_changed_num - cache.changed_num;
+        cache.len = new_len;
+        cache.changed_num = new_changed_num;
+        Cache {
+            len: len_diff,
+            changed_num: changed_num_diff,
+        }
     }
 
     #[inline(always)]
     fn apply_cache_diff(cache: &mut Self::Cache, diff: &Self::CacheDiff) {
         cache.len += diff.len;
+        cache.changed_num += diff.changed_num;
     }
 
     #[inline(always)]
     fn merge_cache_diff(diff1: &mut Self::CacheDiff, diff2: &Self::CacheDiff) {
         diff1.len += diff2.len;
+        diff1.changed_num += diff2.changed_num;
     }
 
     #[inline(always)]
     fn get_elem_cache(elem: &Self::Elem) -> Self::Cache {
         Cache {
-            len: elem.activated_len() as isize,
+            len: elem.activated_len() as i32,
+            changed_num: if elem.diff_status.is_some() { 1 } else { 0 },
         }
     }
 
@@ -332,11 +429,11 @@ impl BTreeTrait for CrdtRopeTrait {
 /// active index, the query will return the position of the first non-zero length
 /// content.
 struct ActiveLenQuery {
-    left: isize,
+    left: i32,
 }
 
 impl Query<CrdtRopeTrait> for ActiveLenQuery {
-    type QueryArg = isize;
+    type QueryArg = i32;
 
     fn init(target: &Self::QueryArg) -> Self {
         debug_assert!(*target >= 0);
@@ -557,29 +654,100 @@ mod test {
     fn update() {
         let mut rope = CrdtRope::new();
         let result = rope.insert(0, span(0, 0..10), |_| panic!());
-        let split = rope.update(&[LeafUpdate {
-            leaf: result.leaf,
-            id_span: IdSpan::new(0, 2, 8),
-            set_future: None,
-            delete_times_diff: 1,
-        }]);
+        let split = rope.update(
+            &[LeafUpdate {
+                leaf: result.leaf,
+                id_span: IdSpan::new(0, 2, 8),
+                set_future: None,
+                delete_times_diff: 1,
+            }],
+            false,
+        );
 
         assert_eq!(rope.len(), 4);
         assert_eq!(split.len(), 2);
-        let split = rope.update(&[LeafUpdate {
-            leaf: split[0],
-            id_span: IdSpan::new(0, 2, 8),
-            set_future: None,
-            delete_times_diff: -1,
-        }]);
+        let split = rope.update(
+            &[LeafUpdate {
+                leaf: split[0],
+                id_span: IdSpan::new(0, 2, 8),
+                set_future: None,
+                delete_times_diff: -1,
+            }],
+            false,
+        );
 
         assert_eq!(rope.len(), 10);
         assert_eq!(split.len(), 0);
     }
 
     #[test]
-    #[ignore]
     fn checkout() {
-        todo!()
+        let mut rope = CrdtRope::new();
+        let result1 = rope.insert(0, span(0, 0..10), |_| panic!());
+        let result2 = rope.insert(10, dead_span(1, 10..20), |_| panic!());
+        rope.update(
+            &[
+                LeafUpdate {
+                    leaf: result1.leaf,
+                    id_span: IdSpan::new(0, 2, 8),
+                    set_future: None,
+                    delete_times_diff: 1,
+                },
+                LeafUpdate {
+                    leaf: result2.leaf,
+                    id_span: IdSpan::new(1, 0, 3),
+                    set_future: None,
+                    delete_times_diff: -1,
+                },
+            ],
+            true,
+        );
+        let vec: Vec<_> = rope.get_diff().collect();
+        assert_eq!(
+            vec![
+                CrdtRopeDelta::Retain(2),
+                CrdtRopeDelta::Delete(6),
+                CrdtRopeDelta::Retain(2),
+                CrdtRopeDelta::Insert(RichtextChunk::new_text(10..13))
+            ],
+            vec,
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn checkout_future() {
+        let mut rope = CrdtRope::new();
+        let result = rope.insert(0, future_span(0, 0..10), |_| panic!());
+        rope.update(
+            &[LeafUpdate {
+                leaf: result.leaf,
+                id_span: IdSpan::new(0, 2, 10),
+                set_future: Some(false),
+                delete_times_diff: 0,
+            }],
+            true,
+        );
+        let vec: Vec<_> = rope.get_diff().collect();
+        assert_eq!(
+            vec![CrdtRopeDelta::Insert(RichtextChunk::new_text(2..10))],
+            vec,
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn checkout_future_with_delete() {
+        let mut rope = CrdtRope::new();
+        let result = rope.insert(0, future_span(0, 0..10), |_| panic!());
+        rope.update(
+            &[LeafUpdate {
+                leaf: result.leaf,
+                id_span: IdSpan::new(0, 2, 10),
+                set_future: Some(false),
+                delete_times_diff: 1,
+            }],
+            true,
+        );
+        let vec: Vec<_> = rope.get_diff().collect();
+        assert!(vec.is_empty());
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
index 890211e32..6b83905d6 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,19 @@
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
 use enum_dispatch::enum_dispatch;
 use fxhash::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
 use loro_common::{HasIdSpan, PeerID, ID};
 
 use crate::{
     change::Lamport,
-    container::idx::ContainerIdx,
-    delta::{MapDelta, MapValue},
+    container::{
+        idx::ContainerIdx,
+        richtext::{
+            richtext_state::RichtextStateChunk, AnchorType, CrdtRopeDelta, RichtextChunk,
+            RichtextChunkValue, RichtextTracker, StyleOp,
+        },
+    },
+    delta::{Delta, MapDelta, MapValue},
     event::Diff,
     id::Counter,
     op::RichOp,
@@ -220,6 +228,7 @@ enum ContainerDiffCalculator {
     Text(TextDiffCalculator),
     Map(MapDiffCalculator),
     List(ListDiffCalculator),
+    Richtext(RichtextDiffCalculator),
 }
 
 #[derive(Default)]
@@ -296,7 +305,7 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for MapDiffCalculator {
         for (key, value) in changed {
             let value = value
                 .map(|v| {
-                    let value = v.value.map(|v| oplog.arena.get_value(v as usize)).flatten();
+                    let value = v.value.and_then(|v| oplog.arena.get_value(v as usize));
                     MapValue {
                         counter: v.counter,
                         value,
@@ -449,3 +458,98 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for TextDiffCalculator {
         Diff::SeqRaw(self.tracker.diff(from, to))
     }
 }
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+struct RichtextDiffCalculator {
+    start_vv: VersionVector,
+    tracker: RichtextTracker,
+    styles: Vec<Arc<StyleOp>>,
+}
+
+impl DiffCalculatorTrait for RichtextDiffCalculator {
+    fn start_tracking(&mut self, _oplog: &super::oplog::OpLog, vv: &crate::VersionVector) {
+        if !vv.includes_vv(&self.start_vv) || !self.tracker.all_vv().includes_vv(vv) {
+            self.tracker = RichtextTracker::new_with_unknown();
+        }
+
+        self.tracker.checkout(vv);
+    }
+
+    fn apply_change(
+        &mut self,
+        _oplog: &super::oplog::OpLog,
+        op: crate::op::RichOp,
+        vv: Option<&crate::VersionVector>,
+    ) {
+        if let Some(vv) = vv {
+            self.tracker.checkout(vv);
+        }
+
+        match &op.op().content {
+            crate::op::InnerContent::List(l) => match l {
+                crate::container::list::list_op::InnerListOp::Insert { slice, pos } => todo!(),
+                crate::container::list::list_op::InnerListOp::Delete(_) => todo!(),
+                crate::container::list::list_op::InnerListOp::StyleStart { pos, style } => {
+                    let style_id = self.styles.len();
+                    self.styles.push(style.clone());
+                    self.tracker.insert(
+                        op.id_start(),
+                        *pos as usize,
+                        RichtextChunk::new_style_anchor(style_id as u32, AnchorType::Start),
+                    );
+                }
+                crate::container::list::list_op::InnerListOp::StyleEnd { pos, style } => {
+                    assert_eq!(style, self.styles.last().unwrap());
+                    let style_id = self.styles.len() - 1;
+                    self.tracker.insert(
+                        op.id_start(),
+                        *pos as usize,
+                        RichtextChunk::new_style_anchor(style_id as u32, AnchorType::End),
+                    );
+                }
+            },
+            crate::op::InnerContent::Map(_) => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn stop_tracking(&mut self, _oplog: &super::oplog::OpLog, _vv: &crate::VersionVector) {}
+
+    fn calculate_diff(
+        &mut self,
+        oplog: &OpLog,
+        from: &crate::VersionVector,
+        to: &crate::VersionVector,
+    ) -> Diff {
+        let mut delta = Delta::new();
+        for item in self.tracker.diff(from, to) {
+            match item {
+                CrdtRopeDelta::Retain(len) => {
+                    delta = delta.retain(len);
+                }
+                CrdtRopeDelta::Insert(value) => match value.value() {
+                    RichtextChunkValue::Text(text) => {
+                        delta = delta.insert(RichtextStateChunk::Text {
+                            unicode_len: text.len() as i32,
+                            // PERF: can be speedup by acquiring lock on arena
+                            text: oplog
+                                .arena
+                                .slice_by_unicode(text.start as usize..text.end as usize),
+                        });
+                    }
+                    RichtextChunkValue::StyleAnchor { id, anchor_type } => {
+                        delta = delta.insert(RichtextStateChunk::Style {
+                            style: self.styles[id as usize].clone(),
+                            anchor_type,
+                        });
+                    }
+                    RichtextChunkValue::Unknown(_) => unreachable!(),
+                },
+                CrdtRopeDelta::Delete(len) => {
+                    delta = delta.delete(len);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Diff::RichtextRaw(delta)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
index 2f7a897f7..d27d83042 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
@@ -110,7 +110,9 @@ impl ContainerState for RichtextState {
                     let (start_pos, start_style) =
                         std::mem::take(&mut self.style_start_op).unwrap();
                     assert_eq!(start_style.deref(), style.deref());
-                    self.state.mark(start_pos..*pos as usize, start_style);
+                    // We need to - 1 because the end pos has taken account the effect of the
+                    // insertion of the start style anchor.
+                    self.state.mark(start_pos..*pos as usize - 1, start_style);
                 }
             },
             _ => unreachable!(),

From 2ead9a7cd750678e58e16457f81d73a29fb996f1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zixuan Chen <remch183@outlook.com>
Date: Sat, 7 Oct 2023 15:13:52 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 020/111] feat: handler

---
 crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs                 |   7 +
 crates/loro-internal/src/arena/str_arena.rs   |   2 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/container.rs         |   2 +
 .../src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs  |  71 ++++++-
 crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs         |   5 +
 .../src/encoding/encode_changes.rs            |   1 +
 .../src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs           |   3 +-
 .../src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs          |   7 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs           | 183 ++++++++++++++++++
 crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs              |   8 +
 crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs             |   1 +
 crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs   |   2 +
 crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs             |   3 +
 .../loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs |  38 +++-
 crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs             |   1 +
 crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs                   |  11 +-
 16 files changed, 334 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs b/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
index 50cdf8185..30c8628a5 100644
--- a/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ pub enum ContainerType {
     Text,
     Map,
     List,
+    Richtext,
     // TODO: Users can define their own container types.
     // Custom(u16),
 }
@@ -70,6 +71,7 @@ impl AsULE for ContainerType {
             ContainerType::Text => 0,
             ContainerType::Map => 1,
             ContainerType::List => 2,
+            ContainerType::Richtext => 3,
         }
     }
 
@@ -78,6 +80,7 @@ impl AsULE for ContainerType {
             0 => ContainerType::Text,
             1 => ContainerType::Map,
             2 => ContainerType::List,
+            3 => ContainerType::Richtext,
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }
     }
@@ -89,6 +92,7 @@ impl ContainerType {
             ContainerType::Text => LoroValue::String(Arc::new(String::new())),
             ContainerType::Map => LoroValue::Map(Arc::new(Default::default())),
             ContainerType::List => LoroValue::List(Arc::new(Default::default())),
+            ContainerType::Richtext => LoroValue::List(Arc::new(Default::default())),
         }
     }
 
@@ -97,6 +101,7 @@ impl ContainerType {
             ContainerType::Text => 0,
             ContainerType::Map => 1,
             ContainerType::List => 2,
+            ContainerType::Richtext => 3,
         }
     }
 
@@ -105,6 +110,7 @@ impl ContainerType {
             0 => ContainerType::Text,
             1 => ContainerType::Map,
             2 => ContainerType::List,
+            3 => ContainerType::Richtext,
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }
     }
@@ -133,6 +139,7 @@ mod container {
                 ContainerType::Text => "Text",
                 ContainerType::Map => "Map",
                 ContainerType::List => "List",
+                ContainerType::Richtext => "Richtext",
             })
         }
     }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/arena/str_arena.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/arena/str_arena.rs
index 7da413912..c9ba897cd 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/arena/str_arena.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/arena/str_arena.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ struct Index {
 }
 
 impl StrArena {
-    #[inline]
+#[inline]
     pub fn new() -> Self {
         Self {
             bytes: AppendOnlyBytes::new(),
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container.rs
index b52bc75ad..1036e3522 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container.rs
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ pub mod idx {
                 0 => ContainerType::Map,
                 1 => ContainerType::List,
                 2 => ContainerType::Text,
+                3 => ContainerType::Richtext,
                 _ => unreachable!(),
             }
         }
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ pub mod idx {
                 ContainerType::Map => 0,
                 ContainerType::List => 1,
                 ContainerType::Text => 2,
+                ContainerType::Richtext => 3,
             } << 28;
 
             Self(prefix | index)
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
index ccdfcc3ec..1651c9721 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
@@ -486,6 +486,15 @@ impl RichtextState {
         entity_index
     }
 
+    pub(crate) fn get_entity_index_for_text_insert_pos(&self, pos: usize) -> usize {
+        if self.tree.is_empty() {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        let right = self.find_best_insert_pos_from_unicode_index(pos).unwrap();
+        self.get_entity_index_from_path(right)
+    }
+
     /// This is used to accept changes from DiffCalculator
     pub(crate) fn insert_at_entity_index(&mut self, entity_index: usize, text: BytesSlice) {
         let elem = RichtextStateChunk::try_from_bytes(text).unwrap();
@@ -514,10 +523,7 @@ impl RichtextState {
     ///
     /// The current method will scan forward to find the last position that satisfies 1 and 2.
     /// Then it scans backward to find the first position that satisfies 3.
-    fn find_best_insert_pos_from_unicode_index(
-        &mut self,
-        pos: usize,
-    ) -> Option<generic_btree::Cursor> {
+    fn find_best_insert_pos_from_unicode_index(&self, pos: usize) -> Option<generic_btree::Cursor> {
         if self.tree.is_empty() {
             return None;
         }
@@ -584,7 +590,7 @@ impl RichtextState {
         Some(iter)
     }
 
-    fn get_entity_index_from_path(&mut self, right: generic_btree::Cursor) -> usize {
+    fn get_entity_index_from_path(&self, right: generic_btree::Cursor) -> usize {
         let mut entity_index = 0;
         self.tree.visit_previous_caches(right, |cache| match cache {
             generic_btree::PreviousCache::NodeCache(cache) => {
@@ -653,6 +659,46 @@ impl RichtextState {
         removed_entity_ranges
     }
 
+    pub(crate) fn get_text_entity_ranges_in_unicode_range(
+        &self,
+        mut pos: usize,
+        mut len: usize,
+    ) -> Vec<Range<usize>> {
+        if self.tree.is_empty() {
+            return Vec::new();
+        }
+
+        pos = pos.min(self.len_unicode());
+        len = len.min(self.len_unicode() - pos);
+        if len == 0 {
+            return Vec::new();
+        }
+
+        let mut ans = Vec::new();
+        let start = self.tree.query::<UnicodeQuery>(&pos).unwrap().cursor;
+        let end = self
+            .tree
+            .query::<UnicodeQuery>(&(pos + len))
+            .unwrap()
+            .cursor;
+        let mut entity_index = self.get_entity_index_from_path(start);
+        for span in self.tree.iter_range(start..end) {
+            let offset = span.start.unwrap_or(0);
+            match span.elem {
+                RichtextStateChunk::Text { unicode_len, text } => {
+                    ans.push(entity_index + offset..entity_index + *unicode_len as usize);
+                    entity_index += *unicode_len as usize;
+                }
+                RichtextStateChunk::Style { style, anchor_type } => {
+                    ans.push(entity_index..entity_index + 1);
+                    entity_index += 1;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        ans
+    }
+
     /// This is used to accept changes from DiffCalculator
     pub(crate) fn drain_by_entity_index(
         &mut self,
@@ -763,6 +809,21 @@ impl RichtextState {
         dbg!(&self.tree);
         dbg!(&self.style_ranges);
     }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn len_unicode(&self) -> usize {
+        self.tree.root_cache().unicode_len as usize
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn len_utf16(&self) -> usize {
+        self.tree.root_cache().utf16_len as usize
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn len_entity(&self) -> usize {
+        self.tree.root_cache().entity_len as usize
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
index 6b83905d6..3be176ab2 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
@@ -124,6 +124,11 @@ impl DiffCalculator {
                                 crate::ContainerType::Text => {
                                     ContainerDiffCalculator::Text(TextDiffCalculator::default())
                                 }
+                                crate::ContainerType::Richtext => {
+                                    ContainerDiffCalculator::Richtext(
+                                        RichtextDiffCalculator::default(),
+                                    )
+                                }
                                 crate::ContainerType::Map => {
                                     ContainerDiffCalculator::Map(MapDiffCalculator::new())
                                 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs
index 39a2068fa..d78ced0e0 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs
@@ -294,6 +294,7 @@ pub(super) fn decode_changes_to_inner_format_oplog(
                         };
                         RawOpContent::List(list_op)
                     }
+                    ContainerType::Richtext => unimplemented!(),
                 };
                 let remote_op = RemoteOp {
                     container: container_id,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs
index b72a01e5b..ef3e2f3e4 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs
@@ -466,10 +466,11 @@ pub fn decode_oplog_v2(oplog: &mut OpLog, input: &[u8]) -> Result<(), LoroError>
                                         pos,
                                     })
                                 }
-                                ContainerType::Map => unreachable!(),
+                                _ => unreachable!(),
                             }
                         }
                     }
+                    ContainerType::Richtext => unimplemented!(),
                 };
                 let remote_op = RemoteOp {
                     container: container_id,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
index c8e78acb0..f7f51d81b 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ use crate::{
     ContainerType, LoroValue,
 };
 use crate::{
-    container::idx::ContainerIdx, loro::LoroDoc, value::ToJson, version::Frontiers, ApplyDiff,
-    ListHandler, MapHandler, TextHandler,
+    container::idx::ContainerIdx, handler::RichtextHandler, loro::LoroDoc, value::ToJson,
+    version::Frontiers, ApplyDiff, ListHandler, MapHandler, TextHandler,
 };
 
 #[derive(Arbitrary, EnumAsInner, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
@@ -296,6 +296,9 @@ impl Actor {
             ContainerType::List => self
                 .list_containers
                 .push(ListHandler::new(idx, Arc::downgrade(self.loro.app_state()))),
+            ContainerType::Richtext => {
+                // TODO richtext
+            }
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
index 90db2239b..2e425f349 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
@@ -3,10 +3,12 @@ use crate::{
     container::{
         idx::ContainerIdx,
         list::list_op::{DeleteSpan, ListOp},
+        richtext::TextStyleInfoFlag,
         text::text_content::ListSlice,
     },
     delta::MapValue,
     txn::EventHint,
+    InternalString,
 };
 use enum_as_inner::EnumAsInner;
 use loro_common::{ContainerID, ContainerType, LoroResult, LoroValue};
@@ -27,6 +29,18 @@ impl std::fmt::Debug for TextHandler {
     }
 }
 
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct RichtextHandler {
+    container_idx: ContainerIdx,
+    state: Weak<Mutex<DocState>>,
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Debug for RichtextHandler {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.write_str("RichtextHandler")
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct MapHandler {
     container_idx: ContainerIdx,
@@ -56,6 +70,7 @@ pub enum Handler {
     Text(TextHandler),
     Map(MapHandler),
     List(ListHandler),
+    Richtext(RichtextHandler),
 }
 
 impl Handler {
@@ -64,6 +79,7 @@ impl Handler {
             Self::Text(x) => x.container_idx,
             Self::Map(x) => x.container_idx,
             Self::List(x) => x.container_idx,
+            Self::Richtext(x) => x.container_idx,
         }
     }
 
@@ -72,6 +88,7 @@ impl Handler {
             Self::Text(_) => ContainerType::Text,
             Self::Map(_) => ContainerType::Map,
             Self::List(_) => ContainerType::List,
+            Self::Richtext(_) => ContainerType::Richtext,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -82,6 +99,7 @@ impl Handler {
             ContainerType::Text => Self::Text(TextHandler::new(value, state)),
             ContainerType::Map => Self::Map(MapHandler::new(value, state)),
             ContainerType::List => Self::List(ListHandler::new(value, state)),
+            ContainerType::Richtext => Self::Richtext(RichtextHandler::new(value, state)),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -332,6 +350,171 @@ impl TextHandler {
     }
 }
 
+impl RichtextHandler {
+    pub fn new(idx: ContainerIdx, state: Weak<Mutex<DocState>>) -> Self {
+        assert_eq!(idx.get_type(), ContainerType::Richtext);
+        Self {
+            container_idx: idx,
+            state,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_value(&self) -> LoroValue {
+        self.state
+            .upgrade()
+            .unwrap()
+            .lock()
+            .unwrap()
+            .get_value_by_idx(self.container_idx)
+    }
+
+    pub fn id(&self) -> ContainerID {
+        self.state
+            .upgrade()
+            .unwrap()
+            .lock()
+            .unwrap()
+            .arena
+            .idx_to_id(self.container_idx)
+            .unwrap()
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+        self.len_unicode() == 0
+    }
+
+    pub fn len_utf16(&self) -> usize {
+        self.state
+            .upgrade()
+            .unwrap()
+            .lock()
+            .unwrap()
+            .with_state(self.container_idx, |state| {
+                state.as_richtext_state().unwrap().len_utf16()
+            })
+    }
+
+    pub fn len_unicode(&self) -> usize {
+        self.state
+            .upgrade()
+            .unwrap()
+            .lock()
+            .unwrap()
+            .with_state(self.container_idx, |state| {
+                state.as_richtext_state().unwrap().len_unicode()
+            })
+    }
+
+    pub fn insert(&self, txn: &mut Transaction, pos: usize, s: &str) -> LoroResult<()> {
+        let entity_index =
+            self.state
+                .upgrade()
+                .unwrap()
+                .lock()
+                .unwrap()
+                .with_state(self.container_idx, |state| {
+                    state
+                        .as_richtext_state()
+                        .unwrap()
+                        .get_entity_index_for_text_insert_pos(pos)
+                });
+
+        txn.apply_local_op(
+            self.container_idx,
+            crate::op::RawOpContent::List(crate::container::list::list_op::ListOp::Insert {
+                slice: ListSlice::RawStr {
+                    str: Cow::Borrowed(s),
+                    unicode_len: s.chars().count(),
+                },
+                pos: entity_index,
+            }),
+            None,
+            &self.state,
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn delete(&self, txn: &mut Transaction, pos: usize, len: usize) -> LoroResult<()> {
+        let ranges =
+            self.state
+                .upgrade()
+                .unwrap()
+                .lock()
+                .unwrap()
+                .with_state(self.container_idx, |state| {
+                    state
+                        .as_richtext_state()
+                        .unwrap()
+                        .get_text_entity_ranges_in_unicode_range(pos, len)
+                });
+        for range in ranges.iter().rev() {
+            txn.apply_local_op(
+                self.container_idx,
+                crate::op::RawOpContent::List(ListOp::Delete(DeleteSpan {
+                    pos: range.start as isize,
+                    len: (range.end - range.start) as isize,
+                })),
+                None,
+                &self.state,
+            )?;
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn mark(
+        &self,
+        txn: &mut Transaction,
+        start: usize,
+        end: usize,
+        key: InternalString,
+        flag: TextStyleInfoFlag,
+    ) -> LoroResult<()> {
+        let (entity_start, entity_end) =
+            self.state
+                .upgrade()
+                .unwrap()
+                .lock()
+                .unwrap()
+                .with_state(self.container_idx, |state| {
+                    (
+                        state
+                            .as_richtext_state()
+                            .unwrap()
+                            .get_entity_index_for_text_insert_pos(start),
+                        state
+                            .as_richtext_state()
+                            .unwrap()
+                            .get_entity_index_for_text_insert_pos(end),
+                    )
+                });
+
+        txn.apply_local_op(
+            self.container_idx,
+            crate::op::RawOpContent::List(ListOp::StyleStart {
+                pos: entity_start as u32,
+                key: key.clone(),
+                info: flag,
+            }),
+            None,
+            &self.state,
+        )?;
+
+        txn.apply_local_op(
+            self.container_idx,
+            crate::op::RawOpContent::List(ListOp::StyleStart {
+                // +1 because we insert the start marker before the end marker, which shift the end marker position by 1
+                pos: entity_end as u32 + 1,
+                key,
+                info: flag,
+            }),
+            None,
+            &self.state,
+        )?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
 impl ListHandler {
     pub fn new(idx: ContainerIdx, state: Weak<Mutex<DocState>>) -> Self {
         assert_eq!(idx.get_type(), ContainerType::List);
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs
index c5329a639..e518ffb1f 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ use crate::{
     change::Timestamp,
     container::{idx::ContainerIdx, IntoContainerId},
     encoding::{EncodeMode, ENCODE_SCHEMA_VERSION, MAGIC_BYTES},
+    handler::RichtextHandler,
     id::PeerID,
     version::Frontiers,
     InternalString, LoroError, VersionVector,
@@ -301,6 +302,13 @@ impl LoroDoc {
         TextHandler::new(idx, Arc::downgrade(&self.state))
     }
 
+    /// id can be a str, ContainerID, or ContainerIdRaw.
+    /// if it's str it will use Root container, which will not be None
+    pub fn get_richtext<I: IntoContainerId>(&self, id: I) -> RichtextHandler {
+        let idx = self.get_container_idx(id, ContainerType::Text);
+        RichtextHandler::new(idx, Arc::downgrade(&self.state))
+    }
+
     /// id can be a str, ContainerID, or ContainerIdRaw.
     /// if it's str it will use Root container, which will not be None
     pub fn get_list<I: IntoContainerId>(&self, id: I) -> ListHandler {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
index c95dbbd43..fbc658d4e 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
@@ -390,6 +390,7 @@ impl OpLog {
                         }))
                     }
                     loro_common::ContainerType::Map => unreachable!(),
+                    loro_common::ContainerType::Richtext => unimplemented!(),
                 },
                 list_op::InnerListOp::Delete(del) => {
                     contents.push(RawOpContent::List(list_op::ListOp::Delete(*del)))
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
index 7bcef28e6..5718df682 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
@@ -159,6 +159,7 @@ pub fn decode_oplog(
                         _ => unreachable!(),
                     }
                 }
+                loro_common::ContainerType::Richtext => unimplemented!(),
             };
             *counter_mut += op.content_len() as Counter;
             ops.push(op);
@@ -664,6 +665,7 @@ fn encode_oplog(oplog: &OpLog, state_ref: Option<PreEncodedState>) -> FinalPhase
                             }
                         }
                         loro_common::ContainerType::Map => unreachable!(),
+                        loro_common::ContainerType::Richtext => unimplemented!(),
                     },
                     InnerListOp::Delete(del) => {
                         encoded_ops.push(EncodedSnapshotOp::from(
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
index 53acdf2c1..6ff52f5f7 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
@@ -312,6 +312,7 @@ impl DocState {
                 ContainerType::Text => LoroValue::String(Arc::new(Default::default())),
                 ContainerType::Map => LoroValue::Map(Arc::new(Default::default())),
                 ContainerType::List => LoroValue::List(Arc::new(Default::default())),
+                ContainerType::Richtext => LoroValue::List(Arc::new(Default::default())),
             })
     }
 
@@ -703,6 +704,7 @@ impl DocState {
                 *diff = Diff::List(list);
             }
             ContainerType::Map => unreachable!(),
+            ContainerType::Richtext => unimplemented!(),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -712,6 +714,7 @@ pub fn create_state(idx: ContainerIdx) -> State {
         ContainerType::Text => State::TextState(TextState::new()),
         ContainerType::Map => State::MapState(MapState::new(idx)),
         ContainerType::List => State::ListState(ListState::new(idx)),
+        ContainerType::Richtext => State::RichtextState(RichtextState::new()),
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
index d27d83042..041f84fb8 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
-use std::{ops::Deref, sync::Arc};
+use std::{
+    ops::{Deref, Range},
+    sync::Arc,
+};
 
 use generic_btree::rle::HasLength;
 use loro_common::LoroValue;
@@ -152,6 +155,15 @@ impl ContainerState for RichtextState {
 }
 
 impl RichtextState {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            state: InnerState::default(),
+            in_txn: false,
+            undo_stack: Vec::new(),
+            style_start_op: None,
+        }
+    }
+
     fn undo_all(&mut self) {
         while let Some(item) = self.undo_stack.pop() {
             match item {
@@ -174,4 +186,28 @@ impl RichtextState {
             }
         }
     }
+
+    pub fn len_utf16(&self) -> usize {
+        self.state.len_utf16()
+    }
+
+    pub fn len_entity(&self) -> usize {
+        self.state.len_entity()
+    }
+
+    pub fn len_unicode(&self) -> usize {
+        self.state.len_unicode()
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn get_entity_index_for_text_insert_pos(&self, pos: usize) -> usize {
+        self.state.get_entity_index_for_text_insert_pos(pos)
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn get_text_entity_ranges_in_unicode_range(
+        &self,
+        mut pos: usize,
+        mut len: usize,
+    ) -> Vec<Range<usize>> {
+        self.state.get_text_entity_ranges_in_unicode_range(pos, len)
+    }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
index f9cca1eda..3688e91c7 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
@@ -202,6 +202,7 @@ fn unresolved_to_collection(v: &LoroValue) -> LoroValue {
             crate::ContainerType::Text => LoroValue::String(Default::default()),
             crate::ContainerType::Map => LoroValue::Map(Default::default()),
             crate::ContainerType::List => LoroValue::List(Default::default()),
+            crate::ContainerType::Richtext => LoroValue::List(Default::default()),
         }
     } else {
         v.clone()
diff --git a/crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs b/crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs
index 8435816ac..24982ee27 100644
--- a/crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use loro_internal::{
     configure::SecureRandomGenerator,
     container::ContainerID,
     event::{Diff, Index},
-    handler::{ListHandler, MapHandler, TextHandler},
+    handler::{ListHandler, MapHandler, RichtextHandler, TextHandler},
     id::{Counter, ID},
     obs::SubID,
     txn::Transaction as Txn,
@@ -211,6 +211,10 @@ impl Loro {
                 let list = self.0.get_list(container_id);
                 LoroList(list).into()
             }
+            ContainerType::Richtext => {
+                let richtext = self.0.get_richtext(container_id);
+                LoroRichtext(richtext).into()
+            }
         })
     }
 
@@ -559,6 +563,7 @@ impl LoroMap {
             ContainerType::Text => LoroText(c.into_text().unwrap()).into(),
             ContainerType::Map => LoroMap(c.into_map().unwrap()).into(),
             ContainerType::List => LoroList(c.into_list().unwrap()).into(),
+            ContainerType::Richtext => LoroList(c.into_list().unwrap()).into(),
         };
         Ok(container)
     }
@@ -646,6 +651,7 @@ impl LoroList {
             ContainerType::Text => LoroText(c.into_text().unwrap()).into(),
             ContainerType::Map => LoroMap(c.into_map().unwrap()).into(),
             ContainerType::List => LoroList(c.into_list().unwrap()).into(),
+            ContainerType::Richtext => LoroList(c.into_list().unwrap()).into(),
         };
         Ok(container)
     }
@@ -667,6 +673,9 @@ impl LoroList {
     }
 }
 
+#[wasm_bindgen]
+pub struct LoroRichtext(RichtextHandler);
+
 #[wasm_bindgen(typescript_custom_section)]
 const TYPES: &'static str = r#"
 export type ContainerType = "Text" | "Map" | "List";

From 0a4aff0ee9a0b13e98f55fb3ea7f6c939d1a7253 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zixuan Chen <remch183@outlook.com>
Date: Sat, 7 Oct 2023 18:37:56 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 021/111] fix: tracker checkout err

---
 .../src/container/richtext/fugue_span.rs      |  2 +-
 .../src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs  | 17 ++++++
 .../src/container/richtext/tracker.rs         | 60 +++++++++++++++----
 .../container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs   |  4 +-
 .../richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs          | 49 +++++++++------
 crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs         | 12 +++-
 crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs           | 55 ++++++++++++++++-
 crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs              |  2 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs             |  3 +-
 .../loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs |  2 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs               | 13 ++--
 deno.jsonc                                    |  2 +-
 12 files changed, 177 insertions(+), 44 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/fugue_span.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/fugue_span.rs
index e1ff9b958..a6212b9f0 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/fugue_span.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/fugue_span.rs
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ impl Sliceable for RichtextChunk {
     fn _slice(&self, range: Range<usize>) -> Self {
         match self.kind() {
             RichtextChunkKind::Text => {
-                assert!(range.len() <= self.len());
+                assert!(range.len() <= self.len(), "range: {:?}, self: {:?}", range, self);
                 Self {
                     start: self.start + range.start as u32,
                     end: self.start + range.end as u32,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
index 1651c9721..a62499978 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ use std::{
     str::Utf8Error,
     sync::Arc,
 };
+use std::fmt::{Display, Formatter};
 
 use crate::{
     container::{richtext::style_range_map::StyleValue, text::utf16::count_utf16_chars},
@@ -33,6 +34,21 @@ pub(crate) struct RichtextState {
     style_ranges: StyleRangeMap,
 }
 
+impl Display for RichtextState {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        for span in self.tree.iter() {
+            match span {
+                RichtextStateChunk::Style { .. } => {}
+                RichtextStateChunk::Text { text, .. } => {
+                    f.write_str(std::str::from_utf8(text).unwrap())?;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
 // TODO: change visibility back to crate after #116 is done
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub enum RichtextStateChunk {
@@ -86,6 +102,7 @@ impl Serialize for RichtextStateChunk {
     }
 }
 
+
 impl RichtextStateChunk {
     pub fn try_from_bytes(s: BytesSlice) -> Result<Self, Utf8Error> {
         Ok(RichtextStateChunk::Text {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs
index f510f5d1e..8f8d983a5 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ impl Default for Tracker {
     }
 }
 
+const UNKNOWN_PEER_ID: PeerID = u64::MAX;
 impl Tracker {
     pub fn new_with_unknown() -> Self {
         let mut this = Self {
@@ -37,15 +38,20 @@ impl Tracker {
             current_vv: Default::default(),
         };
 
-        this.insert(
-            ID::new(PeerID::MAX, 0),
-            0,
-            RichtextChunk::new_unknown(u32::MAX / 2),
+        this.rope.tree.push(
+            FugueSpan {
+                content: RichtextChunk::new_unknown(u32::MAX / 4),
+                id: ID::new(UNKNOWN_PEER_ID, 0),
+                status: Status::default(),
+                diff_status: None,
+                origin_left: None,
+                origin_right: None,
+            }
         );
         this
     }
 
-    pub fn new() -> Self {
+    fn new() -> Self {
         Self {
             rope: CrdtRope::new(),
             id_to_cursor: IdToCursor::default(),
@@ -97,15 +103,20 @@ impl Tracker {
         }
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn delete(&mut self, op_id: ID, pos: usize, len: usize) {
+    /// If `reverse` is true, the deletion happens from the end of the range to the start.
+    pub(crate) fn delete(&mut self, op_id: ID, pos: usize, len: usize, reverse: bool) {
         let mut cur_id = op_id;
-        let splitted = self.rope.delete(pos, len, |span| {
+        let split = self.rope.delete(pos, len, |span| {
+            let mut id_span = span.id_span();
+            if reverse {
+                id_span.reverse();
+            }
             self.id_to_cursor
-                .push(cur_id, id_to_cursor::Cursor::Delete(span.id_span()));
+                .push(cur_id, id_to_cursor::Cursor::Delete(id_span));
             cur_id = cur_id.inc(span.content.len() as Counter);
         });
 
-        self.update_insert_by_split(&splitted.arr);
+        self.update_insert_by_split(&split.arr);
 
         let end_id = op_id.inc(len as Counter);
         self.current_vv.extend_to_include_end_id(end_id);
@@ -203,6 +214,7 @@ impl Tracker {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test {
+    use generic_btree::rle::HasLength;
     use crate::{container::richtext::RichtextChunk, vv};
 
     use super::*;
@@ -226,7 +238,7 @@ mod test {
     fn test_retreat_and_forward_delete() {
         let mut t = Tracker::new();
         t.insert(ID::new(1, 0), 0, RichtextChunk::new_text(0..10));
-        t.delete(ID::new(2, 0), 0, 10);
+        t.delete(ID::new(2, 0), 0, 10, true);
         t.checkout(&vv!(1 => 10, 2=>5));
         assert_eq!(t.rope.len(), 5);
         t.checkout(&vv!(1 => 10, 2=>0));
@@ -236,4 +248,32 @@ mod test {
         t.checkout(&vv!(1 => 10, 2=>0));
         assert_eq!(t.rope.len(), 10);
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_checkout_in_doc_with_del_span() {
+        let mut t = Tracker::new();
+        t.insert(ID::new(1, 0), 0, RichtextChunk::new_text(0..10));
+        t.delete(ID::new(2, 0), 0, 10, false);
+        t.checkout(&vv!(1 => 10, 2=>4));
+        let v: Vec<FugueSpan> = t.rope.tree().iter().copied().collect();
+        assert_eq!(v.len(), 2);
+        assert_eq!(v[0].is_activated(), false);
+        assert_eq!(v[0].rle_len(), 4);
+        assert_eq!(v[1].is_activated(), true);
+        assert_eq!(v[1].rle_len(), 6);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_checkout_in_doc_with_reversed_del_span() {
+        let mut t = Tracker::new();
+        t.insert(ID::new(1, 0), 0, RichtextChunk::new_text(0..10));
+        t.delete(ID::new(2, 0), 0, 10, true);
+        t.checkout(&vv!(1 => 10, 2=>4));
+        let v: Vec<FugueSpan> = t.rope.tree().iter().copied().collect();
+        assert_eq!(v.len(), 2);
+        assert_eq!(v[0].is_activated(), true);
+        assert_eq!(v[0].rle_len(), 6);
+        assert_eq!(v[1].is_activated(), false);
+        assert_eq!(v[1].rle_len(), 4);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs
index 376d9e456..7bbfb0c7d 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use crate::container::richtext::{fugue_span::DiffStatus, FugueSpan, RichtextChun
 
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
 pub(super) struct CrdtRope {
-    tree: BTree<CrdtRopeTrait>,
+    pub(super) tree: BTree<CrdtRopeTrait>,
 }
 
 pub(super) struct InsertResult {
@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ impl Query<CrdtRopeTrait> for ActiveLenQuery {
             self.left = left;
             FindResult::new_missing(child_caches.len() - 1, left as usize)
         } else {
-            // TODO: this should be imppssible
+            // TODO: this should be impossible
             unreachable!()
         }
     }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs
index a32eea16d..9f82ea861 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ use loro_common::{Counter, IdSpan, PeerID, ID};
 use rle::{HasLength as RHasLength, Mergable as RMergeable, Sliceable};
 use smallvec::smallvec;
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
+use crate::container::richtext::tracker::UNKNOWN_PEER_ID;
 
 const MAX_FRAGMENT_LEN: usize = 256;
 
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ pub(super) struct IdToCursor {
     map: FxHashMap<PeerID, Vec<Fragment>>,
 }
 
+static EMPTY_VEC: Vec<Fragment> = vec![];
 impl IdToCursor {
     pub fn push(&mut self, id: ID, cursor: Cursor) {
         let list = self.map.entry(id.peer).or_default();
@@ -40,6 +42,10 @@ impl IdToCursor {
     ///
     /// id_span should be within the same `Cursor` and should be a `Insert`
     pub fn update_insert(&mut self, id_span: IdSpan, new_leaf: LeafIndex) {
+        if id_span.client_id == UNKNOWN_PEER_ID {
+            return;
+        }
+
         let list = self.map.get_mut(&id_span.client_id).unwrap();
         let index = match list.binary_search_by_key(&id_span.counter.start, |x| x.counter) {
             Ok(index) => index,
@@ -55,18 +61,25 @@ impl IdToCursor {
         )
     }
 
-    pub fn iter(&self, mut id_span: IdSpan) -> impl Iterator<Item = IterCursor> + '_ {
-        id_span.normalize_();
-        let list = self.map.get(&id_span.client_id).unwrap();
-        let mut index = match list.binary_search_by_key(&id_span.counter.start, |x| x.counter) {
-            Ok(index) => index,
-            Err(index) => index - 1,
-        };
-
+    pub fn iter(&self, mut iter_id_span: IdSpan) -> impl Iterator<Item = IterCursor> + '_ {
+        iter_id_span.normalize_();
+        let list = self.map.get(&iter_id_span.client_id).unwrap_or(&EMPTY_VEC);
+        let mut index = 0;
         let mut offset = 0;
-        let mut counter = list[index].counter;
+        let mut counter = 0;
+
+        if !list.is_empty() {
+            index = match list.binary_search_by_key(&iter_id_span.counter.start, |x| x.counter) {
+                Ok(index) => index,
+                Err(index) => index - 1,
+            };
+
+            offset = 0;
+            counter = list[index].counter;
+        }
+
         std::iter::from_fn(move || loop {
-            if index >= list.len() || counter >= id_span.counter.end {
+            if index >= list.len() || counter >= iter_id_span.counter.end {
                 return None;
             }
 
@@ -84,28 +97,28 @@ impl IdToCursor {
                     let elem = set[offset - 1];
                     counter += elem.len as Counter;
                     let end_counter = counter;
-                    if end_counter <= id_span.counter.start {
+                    if end_counter <= iter_id_span.counter.start {
                         continue;
                     }
 
                     return Some(IterCursor::Insert {
                         leaf: elem.leaf,
                         id_span: IdSpan::new(
-                            id_span.client_id,
-                            start_counter.max(id_span.counter.start),
-                            end_counter.min(id_span.counter.end),
+                            iter_id_span.client_id,
+                            start_counter.max(iter_id_span.counter.start),
+                            end_counter.min(iter_id_span.counter.end),
                         ),
                     });
                 }
                 Cursor::Delete(span) => {
                     let start_counter = counter;
                     counter += span.atom_len() as Counter;
-                    if counter <= id_span.counter.start {
+                    if counter <= iter_id_span.counter.start {
                         continue;
                     }
 
-                    let from = (id_span.counter.start - start_counter).max(0);
-                    let to = (id_span.counter.end - start_counter)
+                    let from = (iter_id_span.counter.start - start_counter).max(0);
+                    let to = (iter_id_span.counter.end - start_counter)
                         .max(0)
                         .min(span.atom_len() as Counter);
                     return Some(IterCursor::Delete(span.slice(from as usize, to as usize)));
@@ -156,7 +169,7 @@ impl Ord for Fragment {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
 pub(super) enum IterCursor {
     Insert { leaf: LeafIndex, id_span: IdSpan },
-    // deleted id_span
+    // deleted id_span, the start may be greater than the end
     Delete(IdSpan),
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
index 3be176ab2..9da56062d 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
@@ -344,6 +344,8 @@ impl HasId for CompactMapValue {
 }
 
 use compact_register::CompactRegister;
+use rle::HasLength;
+
 mod compact_register {
     use std::collections::BTreeSet;
 
@@ -475,6 +477,8 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for RichtextDiffCalculator {
     fn start_tracking(&mut self, _oplog: &super::oplog::OpLog, vv: &crate::VersionVector) {
         if !vv.includes_vv(&self.start_vv) || !self.tracker.all_vv().includes_vv(vv) {
             self.tracker = RichtextTracker::new_with_unknown();
+            self.styles.clear();
+            self.start_vv = vv.clone();
         }
 
         self.tracker.checkout(vv);
@@ -492,8 +496,12 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for RichtextDiffCalculator {
 
         match &op.op().content {
             crate::op::InnerContent::List(l) => match l {
-                crate::container::list::list_op::InnerListOp::Insert { slice, pos } => todo!(),
-                crate::container::list::list_op::InnerListOp::Delete(_) => todo!(),
+                crate::container::list::list_op::InnerListOp::Insert { slice, pos } => {
+                    self.tracker.insert(op.id_start(), *pos as usize, RichtextChunk::new_text(slice.0.clone()));
+                }
+                crate::container::list::list_op::InnerListOp::Delete(del) => {
+                    self.tracker.delete(op.id_start(), del.start() as usize, del.atom_len(), del.pos < 0);
+                }
                 crate::container::list::list_op::InnerListOp::StyleStart { pos, style } => {
                     let style_id = self.styles.len();
                     self.styles.push(style.clone());
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
index 2e425f349..0fe7470e7 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
@@ -855,8 +855,9 @@ impl MapHandler {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test {
-
+    use loro_common::ID;
     use crate::loro::LoroDoc;
+    use crate::version::Frontiers;
 
     #[test]
     fn test() {
@@ -900,4 +901,56 @@ mod test {
         let text = txn.get_text("hello");
         assert_eq!(&**text.get_value().as_string().unwrap(), "hello world");
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn richtext_handler() {
+        let mut loro = LoroDoc::new();
+        loro.set_peer_id(1);
+        let loro2 = LoroDoc::new();
+        loro2.set_peer_id(2);
+
+        let mut txn = loro.txn().unwrap();
+        let text = txn.get_richtext("hello");
+        text.insert(&mut txn, 0, "hello").unwrap();
+        txn.commit().unwrap();
+        let exported = loro.export_from(&Default::default());
+
+        loro2.import(&exported).unwrap();
+        let mut txn = loro2.txn().unwrap();
+        let text = txn.get_richtext("hello");
+        assert_eq!(&**text.get_value().as_string().unwrap(), "hello");
+        text.insert(&mut txn, 5, " world").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(&**text.get_value().as_string().unwrap(), "hello world");
+        txn.commit().unwrap();
+
+        loro.import(&loro2.export_from(&Default::default()))
+            .unwrap();
+        let txn = loro.txn().unwrap();
+        let text = txn.get_richtext("hello");
+        assert_eq!(&**text.get_value().as_string().unwrap(), "hello world");
+        txn.commit().unwrap();
+
+        // test checkout
+        loro.checkout(&Frontiers::from_id(ID::new(2, 1))).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(&**text.get_value().as_string().unwrap(), "hello w");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn richtext_handler_concurrent() {
+        let mut loro = LoroDoc::new();
+        let mut txn = loro.txn().unwrap();
+        let handler = loro.get_richtext("richtext");
+        handler.insert(&mut txn, 0, "hello").unwrap();
+        txn.commit().unwrap();
+        for i in 0..100 {
+            let mut new_loro = LoroDoc::new();
+            new_loro.import(&loro.export_from(&Default::default())).unwrap();
+            let mut txn = new_loro.txn().unwrap();
+            let handler = new_loro.get_richtext("richtext");
+            handler.insert(&mut txn, i % 5, &i.to_string()).unwrap();
+            txn.commit().unwrap();
+            loro.import(&new_loro.export_from(&loro.oplog_vv()))
+                .unwrap();
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs
index e518ffb1f..b036bd9af 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ impl LoroDoc {
     /// id can be a str, ContainerID, or ContainerIdRaw.
     /// if it's str it will use Root container, which will not be None
     pub fn get_richtext<I: IntoContainerId>(&self, id: I) -> RichtextHandler {
-        let idx = self.get_container_idx(id, ContainerType::Text);
+        let idx = self.get_container_idx(id, ContainerType::Richtext);
         RichtextHandler::new(idx, Arc::downgrade(&self.state))
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
index fbc658d4e..c00a129a9 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ impl OpLog {
         match &op.content {
             crate::op::InnerContent::List(list) => match list {
                 list_op::InnerListOp::Insert { slice, pos } => match container.container_type() {
-                    loro_common::ContainerType::Text => {
+                    loro_common::ContainerType::Text | loro_common::ContainerType::Richtext => {
                         let str = self
                             .arena
                             .slice_str(slice.0.start as usize..slice.0.end as usize);
@@ -390,7 +390,6 @@ impl OpLog {
                         }))
                     }
                     loro_common::ContainerType::Map => unreachable!(),
-                    loro_common::ContainerType::Richtext => unimplemented!(),
                 },
                 list_op::InnerListOp::Delete(del) => {
                     contents.push(RawOpContent::List(list_op::ListOp::Delete(*del)))
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
index 041f84fb8..9b3cddaab 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ impl ContainerState for RichtextState {
 
     // value is a list
     fn get_value(&self) -> LoroValue {
-        todo!()
+        LoroValue::String(Arc::new(self.state.to_string()))
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
index d31263da3..a227f5193 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ use crate::{
     },
     delta::{Delta, MapValue},
     event::Diff,
+    handler::RichtextHandler,
     id::{Counter, PeerID, ID},
     op::{Op, RawOp, RawOpContent},
     span::HasIdSpan,
@@ -233,11 +234,6 @@ impl Transaction {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn push_local_op_to_log(&mut self, op: &RawOp) {
-        let op = self.arena.convert_raw_op(op);
-        self.local_ops.push(op);
-    }
-
     /// id can be a str, ContainerID, or ContainerIdRaw.
     /// if it's str it will use Root container, which will not be None
     pub fn get_text<I: IntoContainerId>(&self, id: I) -> TextHandler {
@@ -245,6 +241,13 @@ impl Transaction {
         TextHandler::new(idx, Arc::downgrade(&self.state))
     }
 
+    /// id can be a str, ContainerID, or ContainerIdRaw.
+    /// if it's str it will use Root container, which will not be None
+    pub fn get_richtext<I: IntoContainerId>(&self, id: I) -> RichtextHandler {
+        let idx = self.get_container_idx(id, ContainerType::Richtext);
+        RichtextHandler::new(idx, Arc::downgrade(&self.state))
+    }
+
     /// id can be a str, ContainerID, or ContainerIdRaw.
     /// if it's str it will use Root container, which will not be None
     pub fn get_list<I: IntoContainerId>(&self, id: I) -> ListHandler {
diff --git a/deno.jsonc b/deno.jsonc
index 1914f9e84..aa05fd66f 100644
--- a/deno.jsonc
+++ b/deno.jsonc
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
     "build": "cargo build",
     // to debug a single test use
     // RUST_BACKTRACE=full DEBUG=* cargo test --package loro-internal --lib --features test_utils --features wasm -- fuzz::recursive::failed_tests::unknown --exact --nocapture &> debug.log
-    "test": "RUST_BACKTRACE=full cargo nextest run --features=test_utils",
+    "test": "cargo nextest run --features=test_utils",
     "test-all": "deno task test & deno task quick-fuzz & deno task test-wasm",
     "test-wasm": "cd crates/loro-wasm && deno task dev && cd ../../loro-js && pnpm i && pnpm run test",
     "check": "cargo clippy --all-features",

From d93a1adeff44b14fbe3b272d173888eac277ea29 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zixuan Chen <remch183@outlook.com>
Date: Sun, 8 Oct 2023 00:28:14 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 022/111] fix: pass basic richtext handler tests

---
 crates/loro-internal/src/configure.rs         | 16 +++-
 .../src/container/richtext/fugue_span.rs      |  7 +-
 .../src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs  | 12 ++-
 .../src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs |  4 +
 .../src/container/richtext/tracker.rs         | 22 +++--
 .../container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs   | 84 +++++++++----------
 crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs         | 13 ++-
 crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs           | 10 ++-
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs  | 12 ++-
 9 files changed, 108 insertions(+), 72 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/configure.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/configure.rs
index 2d1b49299..060597846 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/configure.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/configure.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
-use std::{fmt::Debug, sync::Arc};
+use std::{
+    fmt::Debug,
+    sync::{atomic::AtomicU64, Arc},
+};
 
 use crate::Timestamp;
 
@@ -18,9 +21,20 @@ impl Debug for Configure {
 
 pub struct DefaultRandom;
 
+#[cfg(test)]
+static mut TEST_RANDOM: AtomicU64 = AtomicU64::new(0);
+
 impl SecureRandomGenerator for DefaultRandom {
     fn fill_byte(&self, dest: &mut [u8]) {
+        #[cfg(not(test))]
         getrandom::getrandom(dest).unwrap();
+
+        #[cfg(test)]
+        // SAFETY: this is only used in test
+        unsafe {
+            let bytes = TEST_RANDOM.fetch_add(1, std::sync::atomic::Ordering::Release);
+            dest.copy_from_slice(&bytes.to_le_bytes());
+        }
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/fugue_span.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/fugue_span.rs
index a6212b9f0..a86fa546c 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/fugue_span.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/fugue_span.rs
@@ -134,7 +134,12 @@ impl Sliceable for RichtextChunk {
     fn _slice(&self, range: Range<usize>) -> Self {
         match self.kind() {
             RichtextChunkKind::Text => {
-                assert!(range.len() <= self.len(), "range: {:?}, self: {:?}", range, self);
+                assert!(
+                    range.len() <= self.len(),
+                    "range: {:?}, self: {:?}",
+                    range,
+                    self
+                );
                 Self {
                     start: self.start + range.start as u32,
                     end: self.start + range.end as u32,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
index a62499978..a816358c1 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
@@ -5,13 +5,13 @@ use generic_btree::{
     BTree, BTreeTrait,
 };
 use serde::{ser::SerializeStruct, Serialize};
+use std::fmt::{Display, Formatter};
 use std::{
     borrow::Cow,
     ops::{Add, AddAssign, Range, Sub},
     str::Utf8Error,
     sync::Arc,
 };
-use std::fmt::{Display, Formatter};
 
 use crate::{
     container::{richtext::style_range_map::StyleValue, text::utf16::count_utf16_chars},
@@ -102,7 +102,6 @@ impl Serialize for RichtextStateChunk {
     }
 }
 
-
 impl RichtextStateChunk {
     pub fn try_from_bytes(s: BytesSlice) -> Result<Self, Utf8Error> {
         Ok(RichtextStateChunk::Text {
@@ -354,6 +353,14 @@ impl BTreeTrait for RichtextTreeTrait {
     fn new_cache_to_diff(cache: &Self::Cache) -> Self::CacheDiff {
         *cache
     }
+
+    fn sub_cache(cache_lhs: &Self::Cache, cache_rhs: &Self::Cache) -> Self::CacheDiff {
+        Cache {
+            unicode_len: cache_lhs.unicode_len - cache_rhs.unicode_len,
+            utf16_len: cache_lhs.utf16_len - cache_rhs.utf16_len,
+            entity_len: cache_lhs.entity_len - cache_rhs.entity_len,
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 // This query implementation will prefer right element when both left element and right element are valid.
@@ -525,6 +532,7 @@ impl RichtextState {
         entity_index: usize,
         elem: RichtextStateChunk,
     ) {
+        debug_assert!(entity_index <= self.len_entity());
         self.style_ranges.insert(entity_index, elem.rle_len());
         self.tree.insert::<EntityQuery>(&entity_index, elem);
     }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs
index c0abad07b..36b990c15 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs
@@ -261,6 +261,10 @@ impl BTreeTrait for RangeNumMapTrait {
     fn new_cache_to_diff(cache: &Self::Cache) -> Self::CacheDiff {
         *cache
     }
+
+    fn sub_cache(cache_lhs: &Self::Cache, cache_rhs: &Self::Cache) -> Self::CacheDiff {
+        *cache_lhs - *cache_rhs
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs
index 8f8d983a5..593125ec8 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs
@@ -38,16 +38,14 @@ impl Tracker {
             current_vv: Default::default(),
         };
 
-        this.rope.tree.push(
-            FugueSpan {
-                content: RichtextChunk::new_unknown(u32::MAX / 4),
-                id: ID::new(UNKNOWN_PEER_ID, 0),
-                status: Status::default(),
-                diff_status: None,
-                origin_left: None,
-                origin_right: None,
-            }
-        );
+        this.rope.tree.push(FugueSpan {
+            content: RichtextChunk::new_unknown(u32::MAX / 4),
+            id: ID::new(UNKNOWN_PEER_ID, 0),
+            status: Status::default(),
+            diff_status: None,
+            origin_left: None,
+            origin_right: None,
+        });
         this
     }
 
@@ -197,7 +195,7 @@ impl Tracker {
         }
 
         self.current_vv = vv.clone();
-        let leaf_indexes = self.rope.update(&updates, on_diff_status);
+        let leaf_indexes = self.rope.update(updates, on_diff_status);
         self.update_insert_by_split(&leaf_indexes);
     }
 
@@ -214,8 +212,8 @@ impl Tracker {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test {
-    use generic_btree::rle::HasLength;
     use crate::{container::richtext::RichtextChunk, vv};
+    use generic_btree::rle::HasLength;
 
     use super::*;
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs
index 7bbfb0c7d..c33dd0955 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ use generic_btree::{
     rle::{HasLength, Sliceable},
     BTree, BTreeTrait, Cursor, FindResult, LeafIndex, Query, SplittedLeaves,
 };
+use itertools::Itertools;
 use loro_common::{Counter, HasCounter, HasCounterSpan, HasIdSpan, IdSpan, ID};
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
 
@@ -230,53 +231,37 @@ impl CrdtRope {
     /// Return the new leaf indexes that are created by splitting the old leaf nodes
     pub(super) fn update(
         &mut self,
-        updates: &[LeafUpdate],
+        mut updates: Vec<LeafUpdate>,
         on_diff_status: bool,
     ) -> Vec<LeafIndex> {
-        let mut ans = Vec::new();
-        // TODO: this method can be optimized by batching the updates
-        for update in updates {
-            let (_, splitted) = self.tree.update_leaf(update.leaf, |elem| {
-                let start = update.id_span.ctr_start() - elem.id.counter;
-                let end = update.id_span.ctr_end() - elem.id.counter;
-                let mut diff = Cache {
-                    len: 0,
-                    changed_num: 0,
-                };
-                let (a, b) = elem.update_with_split(start as usize..end as usize, |elem| {
-                    if on_diff_status {
-                        assert!(elem.diff_status.is_none());
-                        elem.diff_status = Some(elem.status);
-                        update.apply_to(elem.diff_status.as_mut().unwrap());
-                        diff.changed_num += 1;
-                    } else {
-                        let was_active = elem.is_activated();
-                        update.apply_to(&mut elem.status);
-                        match (was_active, elem.is_activated()) {
-                            (true, false) => {
-                                diff.len -= elem.rle_len() as i32;
-                            }
-                            (false, true) => {
-                                diff.len += elem.rle_len() as i32;
-                            }
-                            _ => {}
-                        }
-                    }
-                });
+        updates.sort_by_key(|x| x.leaf);
+        let mut tree_update_info = Vec::with_capacity(updates.len());
+        for (leaf, group) in &updates.into_iter().group_by(|x| x.leaf) {
+            let elem = self.tree.get_elem(leaf).unwrap();
+            for u in group {
+                debug_assert_eq!(u.id_span.client_id, elem.id.peer);
+                let start = (u.id_span.ctr_start() - elem.id.counter).max(0);
+                let end = u.id_span.ctr_end() - elem.id.counter;
+                tree_update_info.push((leaf, start as usize..(end as usize).min(elem.rle_len()), u))
+            }
+        }
 
-                if diff.len == 0 && diff.changed_num == 0 {
-                    (false, None, a, b)
+        self.tree
+            .update_leaves_with_arg_in_ranges(tree_update_info, |elem, arg| {
+                let status = if on_diff_status {
+                    assert!(elem.diff_status.is_none());
+                    elem.diff_status = Some(elem.status);
+                    elem.diff_status.as_mut().unwrap()
                 } else {
-                    (true, Some(diff), a, b)
-                }
-            });
+                    &mut elem.status
+                };
 
-            for s in splitted.arr {
-                ans.push(s);
-            }
-        }
+                if let Some(f) = arg.set_future {
+                    status.future = f;
+                }
 
-        ans
+                status.delete_times += arg.delete_times_diff;
+            })
     }
 
     pub(super) fn clear_diff_status(&mut self) {
@@ -421,6 +406,13 @@ impl BTreeTrait for CrdtRopeTrait {
     fn new_cache_to_diff(cache: &Self::Cache) -> Self::CacheDiff {
         *cache
     }
+
+    fn sub_cache(cache_lhs: &Self::Cache, cache_rhs: &Self::Cache) -> Self::CacheDiff {
+        Cache {
+            len: cache_lhs.len - cache_rhs.len,
+            changed_num: cache_lhs.changed_num - cache_rhs.changed_num,
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 /// Query for start position, prefer left.
@@ -655,7 +647,7 @@ mod test {
         let mut rope = CrdtRope::new();
         let result = rope.insert(0, span(0, 0..10), |_| panic!());
         let split = rope.update(
-            &[LeafUpdate {
+            vec![LeafUpdate {
                 leaf: result.leaf,
                 id_span: IdSpan::new(0, 2, 8),
                 set_future: None,
@@ -667,7 +659,7 @@ mod test {
         assert_eq!(rope.len(), 4);
         assert_eq!(split.len(), 2);
         let split = rope.update(
-            &[LeafUpdate {
+            vec![LeafUpdate {
                 leaf: split[0],
                 id_span: IdSpan::new(0, 2, 8),
                 set_future: None,
@@ -686,7 +678,7 @@ mod test {
         let result1 = rope.insert(0, span(0, 0..10), |_| panic!());
         let result2 = rope.insert(10, dead_span(1, 10..20), |_| panic!());
         rope.update(
-            &[
+            vec![
                 LeafUpdate {
                     leaf: result1.leaf,
                     id_span: IdSpan::new(0, 2, 8),
@@ -719,7 +711,7 @@ mod test {
         let mut rope = CrdtRope::new();
         let result = rope.insert(0, future_span(0, 0..10), |_| panic!());
         rope.update(
-            &[LeafUpdate {
+            vec![LeafUpdate {
                 leaf: result.leaf,
                 id_span: IdSpan::new(0, 2, 10),
                 set_future: Some(false),
@@ -739,7 +731,7 @@ mod test {
         let mut rope = CrdtRope::new();
         let result = rope.insert(0, future_span(0, 0..10), |_| panic!());
         rope.update(
-            &[LeafUpdate {
+            vec![LeafUpdate {
                 leaf: result.leaf,
                 id_span: IdSpan::new(0, 2, 10),
                 set_future: Some(false),
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
index 9da56062d..8e3b0502c 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
@@ -497,10 +497,19 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for RichtextDiffCalculator {
         match &op.op().content {
             crate::op::InnerContent::List(l) => match l {
                 crate::container::list::list_op::InnerListOp::Insert { slice, pos } => {
-                    self.tracker.insert(op.id_start(), *pos as usize, RichtextChunk::new_text(slice.0.clone()));
+                    self.tracker.insert(
+                        op.id_start(),
+                        *pos as usize,
+                        RichtextChunk::new_text(slice.0.clone()),
+                    );
                 }
                 crate::container::list::list_op::InnerListOp::Delete(del) => {
-                    self.tracker.delete(op.id_start(), del.start() as usize, del.atom_len(), del.pos < 0);
+                    self.tracker.delete(
+                        op.id_start(),
+                        del.start() as usize,
+                        del.atom_len(),
+                        del.pos < 0,
+                    );
                 }
                 crate::container::list::list_op::InnerListOp::StyleStart { pos, style } => {
                     let style_id = self.styles.len();
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
index 0fe7470e7..bf170ca49 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
@@ -855,9 +855,9 @@ impl MapHandler {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test {
-    use loro_common::ID;
     use crate::loro::LoroDoc;
     use crate::version::Frontiers;
+    use loro_common::ID;
 
     #[test]
     fn test() {
@@ -937,14 +937,16 @@ mod test {
 
     #[test]
     fn richtext_handler_concurrent() {
-        let mut loro = LoroDoc::new();
+        let loro = LoroDoc::new();
         let mut txn = loro.txn().unwrap();
         let handler = loro.get_richtext("richtext");
         handler.insert(&mut txn, 0, "hello").unwrap();
         txn.commit().unwrap();
         for i in 0..100 {
-            let mut new_loro = LoroDoc::new();
-            new_loro.import(&loro.export_from(&Default::default())).unwrap();
+            let new_loro = LoroDoc::new();
+            new_loro
+                .import(&loro.export_from(&Default::default()))
+                .unwrap();
             let mut txn = new_loro.txn().unwrap();
             let handler = new_loro.get_richtext("richtext");
             handler.insert(&mut txn, i % 5, &i.to_string()).unwrap();
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs
index 7b6c1f767..25a3bbaa6 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs
@@ -114,13 +114,13 @@ impl BTreeTrait for ListImpl {
     }
 
     #[inline(always)]
-    fn merge_cache_diff(diff1: &mut Self::CacheDiff, diff2: &Self::CacheDiff) {
-        *diff1 += diff2
+    fn apply_cache_diff(cache: &mut Self::Cache, diff: &Self::CacheDiff) {
+        *cache += diff;
     }
 
     #[inline(always)]
-    fn apply_cache_diff(cache: &mut Self::Cache, diff: &Self::CacheDiff) {
-        *cache += diff;
+    fn merge_cache_diff(diff1: &mut Self::CacheDiff, diff2: &Self::CacheDiff) {
+        *diff1 += diff2
     }
 
     #[inline(always)]
@@ -132,6 +132,10 @@ impl BTreeTrait for ListImpl {
     fn new_cache_to_diff(cache: &Self::Cache) -> Self::CacheDiff {
         *cache
     }
+
+    fn sub_cache(cache_lhs: &Self::Cache, cache_rhs: &Self::Cache) -> Self::CacheDiff {
+        cache_lhs - cache_rhs
+    }
 }
 
 impl UseLengthFinder<ListImpl> for ListImpl {

From b2728175955e204d08886944d10c525e7770715a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zixuan Chen <remch183@outlook.com>
Date: Sun, 8 Oct 2023 23:28:56 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 023/111] fix: pass handler basic marking tests

---
 Cargo.lock                                    |   1 +
 crates/loro-common/src/error.rs               |   2 +
 crates/loro-common/src/value.rs               | 144 +++++++++++++++++-
 crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs             |  47 +++---
 .../src/container/list/list_op.rs             |  19 +--
 .../src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs  |  58 +++++++
 crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs         |  15 +-
 .../src/encoding/encode_changes.rs            |   9 +-
 .../src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs           |   9 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs             |   1 +
 crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs           |  79 +++++++++-
 crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs              |   2 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/op/content.rs        |  16 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs             |  13 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs   |   4 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs             |   2 +-
 .../loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs |  50 +++---
 crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs               |   8 +-
 18 files changed, 375 insertions(+), 104 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index f89b988f1..7bb0817a9 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -756,6 +756,7 @@ version = "0.7.0"
 dependencies = [
  "fxhash",
  "heapless",
+ "itertools 0.11.0",
  "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
  "smallvec",
  "thunderdome",
diff --git a/crates/loro-common/src/error.rs b/crates/loro-common/src/error.rs
index d5d6a9d3e..88e3720ed 100644
--- a/crates/loro-common/src/error.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-common/src/error.rs
@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@ pub enum LoroError {
     OutOfBound { pos: usize, len: usize },
     #[error("Every op id should be unique. ID {id} has been used. You should use a new PeerID to edit the content. ")]
     UsedOpID { id: ID },
+    #[error("Invalid argument ({0})")]
+    ArgErr(Box<str>),
     // #[error("the data for key `{0}` is not available")]
     // Redaction(String),
     // #[error("invalid header (expected {expected:?}, found {found:?})")]
diff --git a/crates/loro-common/src/value.rs b/crates/loro-common/src/value.rs
index a72f01a89..736bf8903 100644
--- a/crates/loro-common/src/value.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-common/src/value.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use std::{collections::HashMap, hash::Hash, sync::Arc};
+use std::{collections::HashMap, hash::Hash, ops::Index, sync::Arc};
 
 use enum_as_inner::EnumAsInner;
 use fxhash::FxHashMap;
@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@ use serde::{de::VariantAccess, ser::SerializeStruct, Deserialize, Serialize};
 use crate::ContainerID;
 
 /// [LoroValue] is used to represents the state of CRDT at a given version.
-/// This struct is cheap to clone, the time complexity is O(1)
+///
+/// This struct is cheap to clone, the time complexity is O(1).
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone, EnumAsInner, Default)]
 pub enum LoroValue {
     #[default]
@@ -19,10 +20,137 @@ pub enum LoroValue {
     Binary(Arc<Vec<u8>>),
     String(Arc<String>),
     List(Arc<Vec<LoroValue>>),
+    // PERF We can use InternalString as key
     Map(Arc<FxHashMap<String, LoroValue>>),
     Container(ContainerID),
 }
 
+impl LoroValue {
+    pub fn get_by_key(&self, key: &str) -> Option<&LoroValue> {
+        match self {
+            LoroValue::Map(map) => map.get(key),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_by_index(&self, index: usize) -> Option<&LoroValue> {
+        match self {
+            LoroValue::List(list) => list.get(index),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Index<&str> for LoroValue {
+    type Output = LoroValue;
+
+    fn index(&self, index: &str) -> &Self::Output {
+        match self {
+            LoroValue::Map(map) => map.get(index).unwrap_or(&LoroValue::Null),
+            _ => &LoroValue::Null,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Index<usize> for LoroValue {
+    type Output = LoroValue;
+
+    fn index(&self, index: usize) -> &Self::Output {
+        match self {
+            LoroValue::List(list) => list.get(index).unwrap_or(&LoroValue::Null),
+            _ => &LoroValue::Null,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<LoroValue> for bool {
+    type Error = &'static str;
+
+    fn try_from(value: LoroValue) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        match value {
+            LoroValue::Bool(v) => Ok(v),
+            _ => Err("not a bool"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<LoroValue> for f64 {
+    type Error = &'static str;
+
+    fn try_from(value: LoroValue) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        match value {
+            LoroValue::Double(v) => Ok(v),
+            _ => Err("not a double"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<LoroValue> for i32 {
+    type Error = &'static str;
+
+    fn try_from(value: LoroValue) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        match value {
+            LoroValue::I32(v) => Ok(v),
+            _ => Err("not a i32"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<LoroValue> for Arc<Vec<u8>> {
+    type Error = &'static str;
+
+    fn try_from(value: LoroValue) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        match value {
+            LoroValue::Binary(v) => Ok(v),
+            _ => Err("not a binary"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<LoroValue> for Arc<String> {
+    type Error = &'static str;
+
+    fn try_from(value: LoroValue) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        match value {
+            LoroValue::String(v) => Ok(v),
+            _ => Err("not a string"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<LoroValue> for Arc<Vec<LoroValue>> {
+    type Error = &'static str;
+
+    fn try_from(value: LoroValue) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        match value {
+            LoroValue::List(v) => Ok(v),
+            _ => Err("not a list"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<LoroValue> for Arc<FxHashMap<String, LoroValue>> {
+    type Error = &'static str;
+
+    fn try_from(value: LoroValue) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        match value {
+            LoroValue::Map(v) => Ok(v),
+            _ => Err("not a map"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<LoroValue> for ContainerID {
+    type Error = &'static str;
+
+    fn try_from(value: LoroValue) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        match value {
+            LoroValue::Container(v) => Ok(v),
+            _ => Err("not a container"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl Hash for LoroValue {
     fn hash<H: std::hash::Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
         std::mem::discriminant(self).hash(state);
@@ -73,9 +201,9 @@ impl<S: Into<String>, M> From<HashMap<S, LoroValue, M>> for LoroValue {
     }
 }
 
-impl<T: Into<LoroValue>> From<Vec<T>> for LoroValue {
-    fn from(vec: Vec<T>) -> Self {
-        LoroValue::List(Arc::new(vec.into_iter().map(|v| v.into()).collect()))
+impl From<Vec<LoroValue>> for LoroValue {
+    fn from(vec: Vec<LoroValue>) -> Self {
+        LoroValue::List(Arc::new(vec))
     }
 }
 
@@ -127,6 +255,12 @@ impl From<String> for LoroValue {
     }
 }
 
+impl<'a> From<&'a [LoroValue]> for LoroValue {
+    fn from(v: &'a [LoroValue]) -> Self {
+        LoroValue::List(Arc::new(v.to_vec()))
+    }
+}
+
 impl From<ContainerID> for LoroValue {
     fn from(v: ContainerID) -> Self {
         LoroValue::Container(v)
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs
index 932ad042a..7089ed7c4 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs
@@ -135,11 +135,17 @@ impl<'a> OpConverter<'a> {
                     container,
                     content: InnerContent::List(InnerListOp::Delete(span)),
                 },
-                ListOp::StyleStart { pos, info, key } => Op {
+                ListOp::StyleStart {
+                    start,
+                    end,
+                    info,
+                    key,
+                } => Op {
                     counter,
                     container,
                     content: InnerContent::List(InnerListOp::StyleStart {
-                        pos,
+                        start,
+                        end,
                         style: Arc::new(crate::container::richtext::StyleOp {
                             lamport,
                             peer,
@@ -149,20 +155,10 @@ impl<'a> OpConverter<'a> {
                         }),
                     }),
                 },
-                ListOp::StyleEnd { pos, key, info } => Op {
+                ListOp::StyleEnd => Op {
                     counter,
                     container,
-                    content: InnerContent::List(InnerListOp::StyleEnd {
-                        pos,
-                        // PERF we may reuse the style object created by StyleStart
-                        style: Arc::new(crate::container::richtext::StyleOp {
-                            lamport,
-                            peer,
-                            cnt: counter,
-                            key,
-                            info,
-                        }),
-                    }),
+                    content: InnerContent::List(InnerListOp::StyleEnd),
                 },
             },
         }
@@ -386,11 +382,17 @@ impl SharedArena {
                     container,
                     content: crate::op::InnerContent::List(InnerListOp::Delete(span)),
                 },
-                ListOp::StyleStart { pos, info, key } => Op {
+                ListOp::StyleStart {
+                    start,
+                    end,
+                    info,
+                    key,
+                } => Op {
                     counter,
                     container,
                     content: InnerContent::List(InnerListOp::StyleStart {
-                        pos,
+                        start,
+                        end,
                         style: Arc::new(StyleOp {
                             lamport,
                             peer,
@@ -400,19 +402,10 @@ impl SharedArena {
                         }),
                     }),
                 },
-                ListOp::StyleEnd { pos, key, info } => Op {
+                ListOp::StyleEnd => Op {
                     counter,
                     container,
-                    content: InnerContent::List(InnerListOp::StyleEnd {
-                        pos,
-                        style: Arc::new(StyleOp {
-                            lamport,
-                            peer,
-                            cnt: counter,
-                            key,
-                            info,
-                        }),
-                    }),
+                    content: InnerContent::List(InnerListOp::StyleEnd),
                 },
             },
         }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/list/list_op.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/list/list_op.rs
index fbd069e8b..3be0f4bbb 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/list/list_op.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/list/list_op.rs
@@ -21,17 +21,14 @@ pub enum ListOp<'a> {
         pos: usize,
     },
     Delete(DeleteSpan),
-    /// StyleStart and StyleEnd must be paired.
+    /// StyleStart and StyleEnd must be paired because the end of a style must take an OpID position.
     StyleStart {
-        pos: u32,
-        key: InternalString,
-        info: TextStyleInfoFlag,
-    },
-    StyleEnd {
-        pos: u32,
+        start: u32,
+        end: u32,
         key: InternalString,
         info: TextStyleInfoFlag,
     },
+    StyleEnd,
 }
 
 #[derive(EnumAsInner, Debug, Clone)]
@@ -45,13 +42,11 @@ pub enum InnerListOp {
     Delete(DeleteSpan),
     /// StyleStart and StyleEnd must be paired.
     StyleStart {
-        pos: u32,
-        style: Arc<StyleOp>,
-    },
-    StyleEnd {
-        pos: u32,
+        start: u32,
+        end: u32,
         style: Arc<StyleOp>,
     },
+    StyleEnd,
 }
 
 /// `len` can be negative so that we can merge text deletions efficiently.
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
index a816358c1..8e8047eda 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ use generic_btree::{
     rle::{HasLength, Mergeable, Sliceable},
     BTree, BTreeTrait,
 };
+use loro_common::LoroValue;
 use serde::{ser::SerializeStruct, Serialize};
 use std::fmt::{Display, Formatter};
 use std::{
@@ -537,6 +538,12 @@ impl RichtextState {
         self.tree.insert::<EntityQuery>(&entity_index, elem);
     }
 
+    /// This method only updates `style_ranges`.
+    /// When this method is called, the style start anchor and the style end anchor should already have been inserted.
+    pub(crate) fn annotate_style_range(&mut self, range: Range<usize>, style: Arc<StyleOp>) {
+        self.style_ranges.annotate(range, style)
+    }
+
     /// Find the best insert position based on algorithm similar to Peritext.
     /// Returns the right neighbor of the insert pos.
     ///
@@ -631,6 +638,18 @@ impl RichtextState {
         entity_index
     }
 
+    /// Delete a range of text at the given entity range.
+    ///
+    /// Delete a range of text. (The style anchors included in the range are not deleted.)
+    pub(crate) fn delete_with_entity_index(&mut self, pos: usize, len: usize) {
+        if self.tree.is_empty() {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        self.tree.drain_by_query::<EntityQuery>(pos..pos + len);
+        self.style_ranges.delete(pos..pos + len);
+    }
+
     /// Delete a range of text at the given unicode position.
     ///
     /// Delete a range of text. (The style anchors included in the range are not deleted.)
@@ -735,6 +754,28 @@ impl RichtextState {
         self.tree.drain_by_query::<EntityQuery>(pos..pos + len)
     }
 
+    pub(crate) fn mark_with_entity_index(&mut self, range: Range<usize>, style: Arc<StyleOp>) {
+        if self.tree.is_empty() {
+            panic!("Cannot mark an empty tree");
+        }
+
+        self.insert_elem_at_entity_index(
+            range.end,
+            RichtextStateChunk::from_style(style.clone(), AnchorType::End),
+        );
+        self.insert_elem_at_entity_index(
+            range.start,
+            RichtextStateChunk::from_style(style.clone(), AnchorType::End),
+        );
+        self.style_ranges.insert(range.end, 1);
+        self.style_ranges.insert(range.start, 1);
+        // end_entity_index + 2, because
+        // 1. We inserted a start anchor before end_entity_index, so we need to +1
+        // 2. We need to include the end anchor in the range, so we need to +1
+        self.style_ranges
+            .annotate(range.start..range.end + 2, style);
+    }
+
     /// Mark a range of text with a style.
     ///
     /// Return the corresponding entity index ranges.
@@ -824,6 +865,23 @@ impl RichtextState {
         self.tree.iter()
     }
 
+    pub fn get_richtext_value(&self) -> LoroValue {
+        let mut ans = Vec::new();
+        for span in self.iter() {
+            let mut value = FxHashMap::default();
+            value.insert("text".into(), LoroValue::String(Arc::new(span.text.into())));
+            let mut styles = FxHashMap::default();
+            for style in span.styles.iter() {
+                styles.insert(style.key.to_string(), style.data.clone());
+            }
+
+            value.insert("meta".into(), LoroValue::Map(Arc::new(styles)));
+            ans.push(LoroValue::Map(Arc::new(value)));
+        }
+
+        LoroValue::List(Arc::new(ans))
+    }
+
     pub fn to_vec(&self) -> Vec<RichtextSpan<'_>> {
         self.iter().collect()
     }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
index 8e3b0502c..5254a68b7 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
@@ -511,24 +511,23 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for RichtextDiffCalculator {
                         del.pos < 0,
                     );
                 }
-                crate::container::list::list_op::InnerListOp::StyleStart { pos, style } => {
+                crate::container::list::list_op::InnerListOp::StyleStart { start, end, style } => {
+                    debug_assert!(start < end, "start: {}, end: {}", start, end);
                     let style_id = self.styles.len();
                     self.styles.push(style.clone());
                     self.tracker.insert(
                         op.id_start(),
-                        *pos as usize,
+                        *start as usize,
                         RichtextChunk::new_style_anchor(style_id as u32, AnchorType::Start),
                     );
-                }
-                crate::container::list::list_op::InnerListOp::StyleEnd { pos, style } => {
-                    assert_eq!(style, self.styles.last().unwrap());
-                    let style_id = self.styles.len() - 1;
                     self.tracker.insert(
-                        op.id_start(),
-                        *pos as usize,
+                        op.id_start().inc(1),
+                        // need to shift 1 because we insert the start style anchor before this pos
+                        *end as usize + 1,
                         RichtextChunk::new_style_anchor(style_id as u32, AnchorType::End),
                     );
                 }
+                crate::container::list::list_op::InnerListOp::StyleEnd => {}
             },
             crate::op::InnerContent::Map(_) => unreachable!(),
         }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs
index d78ced0e0..48ab3af50 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs
@@ -180,8 +180,13 @@ pub(super) fn encode_oplog_changes(oplog: &OpLog, vv: &VersionVector) -> Vec<u8>
                         ListOp::Delete(span) => {
                             (span.pos as usize, Some(LoroValue::I32(span.len as i32)))
                         }
-                        ListOp::StyleStart { pos, key, info } => todo!("impl style encode"),
-                        ListOp::StyleEnd { pos, key, info } => todo!("impl style encode"),
+                        ListOp::StyleStart {
+                            start,
+                            end,
+                            key,
+                            info,
+                        } => todo!("impl style encode"),
+                        ListOp::StyleEnd => todo!("impl style encode"),
                     },
                 };
                 op_len += 1;
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs
index ef3e2f3e4..7facf3acc 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs
@@ -219,8 +219,13 @@ pub fn encode_oplog_v2(oplog: &OpLog, vv: &VersionVector) -> Vec<u8> {
                             // span.len maybe negative
                             (span.pos as usize, true, span.len)
                         }
-                        ListOp::StyleStart { pos, key, info } => unimplemented!("style encode"),
-                        ListOp::StyleEnd { pos, key, info } => unimplemented!("style encode"),
+                        ListOp::StyleStart {
+                            start,
+                            end,
+                            key,
+                            info,
+                        } => unimplemented!("style encode"),
+                        ListOp::StyleEnd => unimplemented!("style encode"),
                     },
                 };
                 op_len += 1;
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs
index 2432a5941..2c1ea76ba 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs
@@ -132,6 +132,7 @@ pub enum Diff {
     List(Delta<Vec<LoroValue>>),
     SeqRaw(Delta<SliceRanges>),
     SeqRawUtf16(Delta<SliceRanges>),
+    /// This always uses entity indexes.
     RichtextRaw(Delta<RichtextStateChunk>),
     Text(Delta<String>),
     /// @deprecated
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
index bf170ca49..a02652ffa 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
@@ -368,6 +368,17 @@ impl RichtextHandler {
             .get_value_by_idx(self.container_idx)
     }
 
+    pub fn get_richtext_value(&self) -> LoroValue {
+        self.state
+            .upgrade()
+            .unwrap()
+            .lock()
+            .unwrap()
+            .with_state(self.container_idx, |state| {
+                state.as_richtext_state().unwrap().get_richtext_value()
+            })
+    }
+
     pub fn id(&self) -> ContainerID {
         self.state
             .upgrade()
@@ -469,6 +480,12 @@ impl RichtextHandler {
         key: InternalString,
         flag: TextStyleInfoFlag,
     ) -> LoroResult<()> {
+        if start >= end {
+            return Err(loro_common::LoroError::ArgErr(
+                "Start must be less than end".to_string().into_boxed_str(),
+            ));
+        }
+
         let (entity_start, entity_end) =
             self.state
                 .upgrade()
@@ -491,7 +508,8 @@ impl RichtextHandler {
         txn.apply_local_op(
             self.container_idx,
             crate::op::RawOpContent::List(ListOp::StyleStart {
-                pos: entity_start as u32,
+                start: entity_start as u32,
+                end: entity_end as u32,
                 key: key.clone(),
                 info: flag,
             }),
@@ -501,12 +519,7 @@ impl RichtextHandler {
 
         txn.apply_local_op(
             self.container_idx,
-            crate::op::RawOpContent::List(ListOp::StyleStart {
-                // +1 because we insert the start marker before the end marker, which shift the end marker position by 1
-                pos: entity_end as u32 + 1,
-                key,
-                info: flag,
-            }),
+            crate::op::RawOpContent::List(ListOp::StyleEnd),
             None,
             &self.state,
         )?;
@@ -855,6 +868,9 @@ impl MapHandler {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test {
+    use std::ops::Deref;
+
+    use crate::container::richtext::TextStyleInfoFlag;
     use crate::loro::LoroDoc;
     use crate::version::Frontiers;
     use loro_common::ID;
@@ -955,4 +971,53 @@ mod test {
                 .unwrap();
         }
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn richtext_handler_mark() {
+        let loro = LoroDoc::new();
+        let mut txn = loro.txn().unwrap();
+        let handler = loro.get_richtext("richtext");
+        handler.insert(&mut txn, 0, "hello world").unwrap();
+        handler
+            .mark(&mut txn, 0, 5, "bold".into(), TextStyleInfoFlag::BOLD)
+            .unwrap();
+        txn.commit().unwrap();
+
+        // assert has bold
+        let value = handler.get_richtext_value();
+        assert_eq!(value[0]["text"], "hello".into());
+        let meta = value[0]["meta"].as_map().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(meta.len(), 1);
+        meta.get("bold").unwrap();
+
+        let loro2 = LoroDoc::new();
+        loro2
+            .import(&loro.export_from(&Default::default()))
+            .unwrap();
+        let handler2 = loro2.get_richtext("richtext");
+        assert_eq!(
+            handler2.get_value().as_string().unwrap().deref(),
+            "hello world"
+        );
+
+        // assert has bold
+        let value = handler2.get_richtext_value();
+        assert_eq!(value[0]["text"], "hello".into());
+        let meta = value[0]["meta"].as_map().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(meta.len(), 1);
+        meta.get("bold").unwrap();
+
+        // insert after bold should be bold
+        {
+            loro2
+                .with_txn(|txn| handler2.insert(txn, 5, " new"))
+                .unwrap();
+
+            let value = handler2.get_richtext_value();
+            assert_eq!(value[1]["text"], " new".into());
+            let meta = value[1]["meta"].as_map().unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(meta.len(), 1);
+            meta.get("bold").unwrap();
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs
index b036bd9af..023af5d5f 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ impl LoroDoc {
                 let old_vv = oplog.vv().clone();
                 let old_frontiers = oplog.frontiers().clone();
                 oplog.decode(bytes)?;
-                debug_log::debug_dbg!(&oplog);
+                // debug_log::debug_dbg!(&oplog);
                 if !self.detached {
                     let mut diff = DiffCalculator::default();
                     let diff = diff.calc_diff_internal(
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/op/content.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/op/content.rs
index 8ed4ac02b..44f55d8d3 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/op/content.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/op/content.rs
@@ -52,16 +52,18 @@ impl<'a> RawOpContent<'a> {
                     pos: *pos,
                 }),
                 ListOp::Delete(x) => RawOpContent::List(ListOp::Delete(*x)),
-                ListOp::StyleStart { pos, key, info } => RawOpContent::List(ListOp::StyleStart {
-                    pos: *pos,
-                    key: key.clone(),
-                    info: *info,
-                }),
-                ListOp::StyleEnd { pos, key, info } => RawOpContent::List(ListOp::StyleEnd {
-                    pos: *pos,
+                ListOp::StyleStart {
+                    start,
+                    end,
+                    key,
+                    info,
+                } => RawOpContent::List(ListOp::StyleStart {
+                    start: *start,
+                    end: *end,
                     key: key.clone(),
                     info: *info,
                 }),
+                ListOp::StyleEnd => RawOpContent::List(ListOp::StyleEnd),
             },
         }
     }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
index c00a129a9..cca2e6aa0 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
@@ -394,19 +394,16 @@ impl OpLog {
                 list_op::InnerListOp::Delete(del) => {
                     contents.push(RawOpContent::List(list_op::ListOp::Delete(*del)))
                 }
-                list_op::InnerListOp::StyleStart { pos, style } => {
+                list_op::InnerListOp::StyleStart { start, end, style } => {
                     contents.push(RawOpContent::List(list_op::ListOp::StyleStart {
-                        pos: *pos,
+                        start: *start,
+                        end: *end,
                         key: style.key.clone(),
                         info: style.info,
                     }))
                 }
-                list_op::InnerListOp::StyleEnd { pos, style } => {
-                    contents.push(RawOpContent::List(list_op::ListOp::StyleEnd {
-                        pos: *pos,
-                        key: style.key.clone(),
-                        info: style.info,
-                    }))
+                list_op::InnerListOp::StyleEnd => {
+                    contents.push(RawOpContent::List(list_op::ListOp::StyleEnd))
                 }
             },
             crate::op::InnerContent::Map(map) => {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
index 5718df682..2b2772ab6 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
@@ -676,8 +676,8 @@ fn encode_oplog(oplog: &OpLog, state_ref: Option<PreEncodedState>) -> FinalPhase
                             op.container.to_index(),
                         ));
                     }
-                    InnerListOp::StyleStart { pos, style } => unimplemented!("style encode"),
-                    InnerListOp::StyleEnd { pos, style } => unimplemented!("style encode"),
+                    InnerListOp::StyleStart { start, end, style } => unimplemented!("style encode"),
+                    InnerListOp::StyleEnd => unimplemented!("style encode"),
                 },
                 InnerContent::Map(map) => {
                     let key = record_key(&map.key);
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
index 6ff52f5f7..1d704fe6a 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ impl DocState {
         }
 
         // TODO: make apply_op return a result
-        state.apply_op(&raw_op, &op, &self.arena);
+        state.apply_op(raw_op, op, &self.arena);
         Ok(())
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
index 9b3cddaab..fcd32e2d1 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
@@ -3,12 +3,13 @@ use std::{
     sync::Arc,
 };
 
+use fxhash::FxHashMap;
 use generic_btree::rle::HasLength;
 use loro_common::LoroValue;
 
 use crate::{
     arena::SharedArena,
-    container::richtext::{RichtextState as InnerState, StyleOp},
+    container::richtext::{AnchorType, RichtextState as InnerState, StyleOp},
     container::{list::list_op, richtext::richtext_state::RichtextStateChunk},
     delta::DeltaItem,
     event::Diff,
@@ -22,7 +23,6 @@ pub struct RichtextState {
     state: InnerState,
     in_txn: bool,
     undo_stack: Vec<UndoItem>,
-    style_start_op: Option<(usize, Arc<StyleOp>)>,
 }
 
 impl Clone for RichtextState {
@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ impl Clone for RichtextState {
             state: self.state.clone(),
             in_txn: false,
             undo_stack: Vec::new(),
-            style_start_op: None,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -55,6 +54,7 @@ impl ContainerState for RichtextState {
         };
 
         let mut index = 0;
+        let mut style_starts: FxHashMap<Arc<StyleOp>, usize> = FxHashMap::default();
         for span in richtext.vec.iter() {
             match span {
                 crate::delta::DeltaItem::Retain { len, meta } => {
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ impl ContainerState for RichtextState {
                     match value {
                         RichtextStateChunk::Text { unicode_len, text } => {
                             self.state.insert_elem_at_entity_index(
-                                index as usize,
+                                index,
                                 RichtextStateChunk::Text {
                                     unicode_len: *unicode_len,
                                     text: text.clone(),
@@ -72,7 +72,23 @@ impl ContainerState for RichtextState {
                             );
                         }
                         RichtextStateChunk::Style { style, anchor_type } => {
-                            todo!("should handle style annotation")
+                            self.state.insert_elem_at_entity_index(
+                                index,
+                                RichtextStateChunk::Style {
+                                    style: style.clone(),
+                                    anchor_type: *anchor_type,
+                                },
+                            );
+
+                            if *anchor_type == AnchorType::Start {
+                                style_starts.insert(style.clone(), index);
+                            } else {
+                                let start_pos =
+                                    style_starts.get(style).expect("Style start not found");
+                                // we need to + 1 because we also need to annotate the end anchor
+                                self.state
+                                    .annotate_style_range(*start_pos..index + 1, style.clone());
+                            }
                         }
                     }
                     self.undo_stack.push(UndoItem::Insert {
@@ -98,25 +114,20 @@ impl ContainerState for RichtextState {
         match &op.content {
             crate::op::InnerContent::List(l) => match l {
                 list_op::InnerListOp::Insert { slice, pos } => {
-                    self.state.insert(
+                    self.state.insert_at_entity_index(
                         *pos,
                         arena.slice_by_unicode(slice.0.start as usize..slice.0.end as usize),
                     );
                 }
                 list_op::InnerListOp::Delete(del) => {
-                    self.state.delete(del.pos as usize, del.len as usize);
-                }
-                list_op::InnerListOp::StyleStart { pos, style } => {
-                    self.style_start_op = Some((*pos as usize, style.clone()));
+                    self.state
+                        .delete_with_entity_index(del.pos as usize, del.len as usize);
                 }
-                list_op::InnerListOp::StyleEnd { pos, style } => {
-                    let (start_pos, start_style) =
-                        std::mem::take(&mut self.style_start_op).unwrap();
-                    assert_eq!(start_style.deref(), style.deref());
-                    // We need to - 1 because the end pos has taken account the effect of the
-                    // insertion of the start style anchor.
-                    self.state.mark(start_pos..*pos as usize - 1, start_style);
+                list_op::InnerListOp::StyleStart { start, end, style } => {
+                    self.state
+                        .mark_with_entity_index(*start as usize..*end as usize, style.clone());
                 }
+                list_op::InnerListOp::StyleEnd => {}
             },
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }
@@ -160,7 +171,6 @@ impl RichtextState {
             state: InnerState::default(),
             in_txn: false,
             undo_stack: Vec::new(),
-            style_start_op: None,
         }
     }
 
@@ -210,4 +220,8 @@ impl RichtextState {
     ) -> Vec<Range<usize>> {
         self.state.get_text_entity_ranges_in_unicode_range(pos, len)
     }
+
+    pub fn get_richtext_value(&self) -> LoroValue {
+        self.state.get_richtext_value()
+    }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
index a227f5193..a005d746a 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
@@ -325,8 +325,8 @@ fn change_to_diff(
                             InnerListOp::Delete(..) => {
                                 Diff::SeqRawUtf16(Delta::new().retain(*pos).delete(*len))
                             }
-                            InnerListOp::StyleStart { pos, style } => unimplemented!(),
-                            InnerListOp::StyleEnd { pos, style } => unimplemented!(),
+                            InnerListOp::StyleStart { start, end, style } => unimplemented!(),
+                            InnerListOp::StyleEnd => unimplemented!(),
                         },
                     }
                 }
@@ -346,8 +346,8 @@ fn change_to_diff(
                                 .retain(del.pos as usize)
                                 .delete(del.len as usize),
                         ),
-                        InnerListOp::StyleStart { pos, style } => unimplemented!(),
-                        InnerListOp::StyleEnd { pos, style } => unimplemented!(),
+                        InnerListOp::StyleStart { start, end, style } => unimplemented!(),
+                        InnerListOp::StyleEnd => unimplemented!(),
                     },
                     crate::op::InnerContent::Map(map) => {
                         let value = map.value.map(|v| arena.get_value(v as usize)).flatten();

From 3de37b61224c19d46e8ed29ce8d8e169e0b271ca Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zixuan Chen <remch183@outlook.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Oct 2023 20:15:35 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 024/111] fix: pass all peritext criteria

---
 .vscode/settings.json                         |   5 +-
 crates/loro-internal/Cargo.toml               |   5 +-
 .../loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs   |   4 +-
 .../src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs  |  90 ++++--
 .../src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs |   8 +-
 .../src/container/richtext/tracker.rs         |  10 +-
 .../richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs          |  19 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs         |   4 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs           |  27 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs              |   2 +-
 .../loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs |   4 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs             |  20 +-
 crates/loro-internal/tests/richtext.md        | 109 +++++++
 crates/loro-internal/tests/richtext.rs        | 282 ++++++++++++++++++
 14 files changed, 511 insertions(+), 78 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 crates/loro-internal/tests/richtext.md
 create mode 100644 crates/loro-internal/tests/richtext.rs

diff --git a/.vscode/settings.json b/.vscode/settings.json
index 8399b21ad..70fb02358 100644
--- a/.vscode/settings.json
+++ b/.vscode/settings.json
@@ -45,5 +45,8 @@
   },
   "excalidraw.theme": "dark",
   "deno.enable": true,
-  "cortex-debug.variableUseNaturalFormat": true
+  "cortex-debug.variableUseNaturalFormat": true,
+  "[markdown]": {
+    "editor.defaultFormatter": "darkriszty.markdown-table-prettify"
+  }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/Cargo.toml b/crates/loro-internal/Cargo.toml
index 0434c6c15..f1c3cada2 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/Cargo.toml
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ tabled = { version = "0.10.0", optional = true }
 wasm-bindgen = { version = "0.2.83", optional = true }
 serde-wasm-bindgen = { version = "0.5.0", optional = true }
 js-sys = { version = "0.3.60", optional = true }
-serde_json = { version = "1", optional = true }
+serde_json = { version = "1" }
 arref = "0.1.0"
 debug-log = { version = "0.1.4", features = [] }
 serde_columnar = { version = "0.3.2" }
@@ -64,9 +64,8 @@ default = []
 compress = ["serde_columnar/compress"]
 # "wasm" will use utf-16 index by default when using text related stuff; But it'll use utf-8 encoding internally.
 wasm = ["wasm-bindgen", "js-sys", "serde-wasm-bindgen", "loro-common/wasm"]
-json = ["serde_json"]
 # whether to use list slice instead of raw str in text container
-test_utils = ["crdt-list/fuzzing", "rand", "arbitrary", "tabled", "json"]
+test_utils = ["crdt-list/fuzzing", "rand", "arbitrary", "tabled"]
 
 [[bench]]
 name = "text_r"
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs
index cde9ab542..5bbe4f3e7 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ pub struct Style {
     /// The value of the style.
     ///
     /// - If the style is a container, this is the Container
-    /// - Otherwise, this is null
+    /// - Otherwise, this is true
     pub data: LoroValue,
 }
 
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ impl StyleOp {
         } else {
             Some(Style {
                 key: self.key.clone(),
-                data: LoroValue::Null,
+                data: LoroValue::Bool(true),
             })
         }
     }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
index 8e8047eda..563e23e50 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
@@ -6,13 +6,16 @@ use generic_btree::{
 };
 use loro_common::LoroValue;
 use serde::{ser::SerializeStruct, Serialize};
-use std::fmt::{Display, Formatter};
 use std::{
     borrow::Cow,
     ops::{Add, AddAssign, Range, Sub},
     str::Utf8Error,
     sync::Arc,
 };
+use std::{
+    fmt::{Display, Formatter},
+    mem::take,
+};
 
 use crate::{
     container::{richtext::style_range_map::StyleValue, text::utf16::count_utf16_chars},
@@ -727,13 +730,15 @@ impl RichtextState {
             .cursor;
         let mut entity_index = self.get_entity_index_from_path(start);
         for span in self.tree.iter_range(start..end) {
-            let offset = span.start.unwrap_or(0);
+            let start = span.start.unwrap_or(0);
+            let end = span.end.unwrap_or(span.elem.rle_len());
+            let len = end - start;
             match span.elem {
-                RichtextStateChunk::Text { unicode_len, text } => {
-                    ans.push(entity_index + offset..entity_index + *unicode_len as usize);
+                RichtextStateChunk::Text { unicode_len, .. } => {
+                    ans.push(entity_index..entity_index + len);
                     entity_index += *unicode_len as usize;
                 }
-                RichtextStateChunk::Style { style, anchor_type } => {
+                RichtextStateChunk::Style { .. } => {
                     ans.push(entity_index..entity_index + 1);
                     entity_index += 1;
                 }
@@ -767,8 +772,6 @@ impl RichtextState {
             range.start,
             RichtextStateChunk::from_style(style.clone(), AnchorType::End),
         );
-        self.style_ranges.insert(range.end, 1);
-        self.style_ranges.insert(range.start, 1);
         // end_entity_index + 2, because
         // 1. We inserted a start anchor before end_entity_index, so we need to +1
         // 2. We need to include the end anchor in the range, so we need to +1
@@ -866,17 +869,40 @@ impl RichtextState {
     }
 
     pub fn get_richtext_value(&self) -> LoroValue {
-        let mut ans = Vec::new();
-        for span in self.iter() {
+        debug_log::debug_dbg!(&self);
+        let mut ans: Vec<LoroValue> = Vec::new();
+        let mut last_styles: Option<Vec<_>> = None;
+        for mut span in self.iter() {
+            if let Some(last) = last_styles.as_ref() {
+                if last == &span.styles {
+                    let hash_map = ans.last_mut().unwrap().as_map_mut().unwrap();
+                    let s = Arc::make_mut(hash_map)
+                        .get_mut("insert")
+                        .unwrap()
+                        .as_string_mut()
+                        .unwrap();
+                    Arc::make_mut(s).push_str(&span.text);
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+
             let mut value = FxHashMap::default();
-            value.insert("text".into(), LoroValue::String(Arc::new(span.text.into())));
-            let mut styles = FxHashMap::default();
-            for style in span.styles.iter() {
-                styles.insert(style.key.to_string(), style.data.clone());
+            value.insert(
+                "insert".into(),
+                LoroValue::String(Arc::new(span.text.into())),
+            );
+
+            if !span.styles.is_empty() {
+                let mut styles = FxHashMap::default();
+                for style in span.styles.iter() {
+                    styles.insert(style.key.to_string(), style.data.clone());
+                }
+
+                value.insert("attributes".into(), LoroValue::Map(Arc::new(styles)));
             }
 
-            value.insert("meta".into(), LoroValue::Map(Arc::new(styles)));
             ans.push(LoroValue::Map(Arc::new(value)));
+            last_styles = Some(take(&mut span.styles));
         }
 
         LoroValue::List(Arc::new(ans))
@@ -968,7 +994,7 @@ mod test {
                     text: Cow::Borrowed("Hello"),
                     styles: vec![Style {
                         key: "bold".into(),
-                        data: LoroValue::Null
+                        data: LoroValue::Bool(true)
                     }]
                 },
                 RichtextSpan {
@@ -986,7 +1012,7 @@ mod test {
                     text: Cow::Borrowed("He"),
                     styles: vec![Style {
                         key: "bold".into(),
-                        data: LoroValue::Null
+                        data: LoroValue::Bool(true)
                     }]
                 },
                 RichtextSpan {
@@ -994,11 +1020,11 @@ mod test {
                     styles: vec![
                         Style {
                             key: "bold".into(),
-                            data: LoroValue::Null,
+                            data: LoroValue::Bool(true)
                         },
                         Style {
                             key: "link".into(),
-                            data: LoroValue::Null,
+                            data: LoroValue::Bool(true)
                         }
                     ]
                 },
@@ -1006,7 +1032,7 @@ mod test {
                     text: Cow::Borrowed(" W"),
                     styles: vec![Style {
                         key: "link".into(),
-                        data: LoroValue::Null,
+                        data: LoroValue::Bool(true)
                     }]
                 },
                 RichtextSpan {
@@ -1030,14 +1056,14 @@ mod test {
                     text: Cow::Borrowed("Hello"),
                     styles: vec![Style {
                         key: "bold".into(),
-                        data: LoroValue::Null
+                        data: LoroValue::Bool(true)
                     }]
                 },
                 RichtextSpan {
                     text: Cow::Borrowed(" Test"),
                     styles: vec![Style {
                         key: "bold".into(),
-                        data: LoroValue::Null
+                        data: LoroValue::Bool(true)
                     }]
                 },
                 RichtextSpan {
@@ -1061,7 +1087,7 @@ mod test {
                     text: Cow::Borrowed("Hello"),
                     styles: vec![Style {
                         key: "link".into(),
-                        data: LoroValue::Null
+                        data: LoroValue::Bool(true)
                     }]
                 },
                 RichtextSpan {
@@ -1102,7 +1128,7 @@ mod test {
                 text: Cow::Borrowed("Hello World!"),
                 styles: vec![Style {
                     key: "bold".into(),
-                    data: LoroValue::Null
+                    data: LoroValue::Bool(true)
                 }]
             },]
         );
@@ -1121,7 +1147,7 @@ mod test {
                     text: Cow::Borrowed("Hello"),
                     styles: vec![Style {
                         key: "link".into(),
-                        data: LoroValue::Null
+                        data: LoroValue::Bool(true)
                     },]
                 },
                 RichtextSpan {
@@ -1145,7 +1171,7 @@ mod test {
                     text: Cow::Borrowed("Hello"),
                     styles: vec![Style {
                         key: "bold".into(),
-                        data: LoroValue::Null
+                        data: LoroValue::Bool(true)
                     }]
                 },
                 RichtextSpan {
@@ -1162,14 +1188,14 @@ mod test {
                     text: Cow::Borrowed("Hello"),
                     styles: vec![Style {
                         key: "bold".into(),
-                        data: LoroValue::Null
+                        data: LoroValue::Bool(true)
                     }]
                 },
                 RichtextSpan {
                     text: Cow::Borrowed("A"),
                     styles: vec![Style {
                         key: "bold".into(),
-                        data: LoroValue::Null
+                        data: LoroValue::Bool(true)
                     }]
                 },
                 RichtextSpan {
@@ -1191,14 +1217,14 @@ mod test {
                     text: Cow::Borrowed("Hello"),
                     styles: vec![Style {
                         key: "bold".into(),
-                        data: LoroValue::Null
+                        data: LoroValue::Bool(true)
                     }]
                 },
                 RichtextSpan {
                     text: Cow::Borrowed("A"),
                     styles: vec![Style {
                         key: "bold".into(),
-                        data: LoroValue::Null
+                        data: LoroValue::Bool(true)
                     }]
                 },
                 RichtextSpan {
@@ -1225,11 +1251,11 @@ mod test {
                     styles: vec![
                         Style {
                             key: "bold".into(),
-                            data: LoroValue::Null
+                            data: LoroValue::Bool(true)
                         },
                         Style {
                             key: "link".into(),
-                            data: LoroValue::Null
+                            data: LoroValue::Bool(true)
                         }
                     ]
                 },
@@ -1237,7 +1263,7 @@ mod test {
                     text: Cow::Borrowed("A"),
                     styles: vec![Style {
                         key: "bold".into(),
-                        data: LoroValue::Null
+                        data: LoroValue::Bool(true)
                     }]
                 },
             ]
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs
index 36b990c15..051ef0709 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs
@@ -69,14 +69,17 @@ impl StyleRangeMap {
     }
 
     pub fn annotate(&mut self, range: Range<usize>, style: Arc<StyleOp>) {
+        debug_log::debug_log!("Annotate {:?}", &range);
+        dbg!(&self);
         let range = self.0.range::<LengthFinder>(range);
         if range.is_none() {
             unreachable!();
         }
 
         let range = range.unwrap();
+        debug_log::debug_log!("Range={:?}", &range);
         self.0
-            .update(range.start.cursor..range.end.cursor, &mut |mut x| {
+            .update(range.start.cursor..range.end.cursor, &mut |x| {
                 // only leave one value with the greatest lamport if the style is mergeable
                 if let Some(set) = x.styles.get_mut(&style.key) {
                     set.set.insert(style.clone());
@@ -94,6 +97,7 @@ impl StyleRangeMap {
 
                 None
             });
+        dbg!(&self);
     }
 
     /// Insert entities at `pos` with length of `len`
@@ -131,7 +135,7 @@ impl StyleRangeMap {
         let left = self.0.query::<LengthFinder>(&(pos - 1)).unwrap().cursor;
         if left.leaf == right.leaf {
             // left and right are in the same element, we can increase the length of the element directly
-            self.0.update_leaf(left.leaf, |mut x| {
+            self.0.update_leaf(left.leaf, |x| {
                 x.len += len;
                 (true, Some(len as isize), None, None)
             });
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs
index 593125ec8..a1d0fae63 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+use debug_log::debug_dbg;
 use generic_btree::LeafIndex;
 use loro_common::{Counter, PeerID, ID};
 
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ impl Tracker {
             current_vv: Default::default(),
         };
 
-        this.rope.tree.push(FugueSpan {
+        let result = this.rope.tree.push(FugueSpan {
             content: RichtextChunk::new_unknown(u32::MAX / 4),
             id: ID::new(UNKNOWN_PEER_ID, 0),
             status: Status::default(),
@@ -46,6 +47,10 @@ impl Tracker {
             origin_left: None,
             origin_right: None,
         });
+        this.id_to_cursor.push(
+            ID::new(UNKNOWN_PEER_ID, 0),
+            id_to_cursor::Cursor::new_insert(result, u32::MAX as usize / 4),
+        );
         this
     }
 
@@ -127,6 +132,7 @@ impl Tracker {
     }
 
     fn _checkout(&mut self, vv: &VersionVector, on_diff_status: bool) {
+        // debug_log::debug_log!("Checkout to {:?} from {:?}", vv, self.current_vv);
         if on_diff_status {
             self.rope.clear_diff_status();
         }
@@ -195,8 +201,10 @@ impl Tracker {
         }
 
         self.current_vv = vv.clone();
+        debug_log::debug_dbg!(&updates);
         let leaf_indexes = self.rope.update(updates, on_diff_status);
         self.update_insert_by_split(&leaf_indexes);
+        debug_log::debug_dbg!(&self);
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn diff(
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs
index 9f82ea861..245fb9832 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ use loro_common::{Counter, IdSpan, PeerID, ID};
 use rle::{HasLength as RHasLength, Mergable as RMergeable, Sliceable};
 use smallvec::smallvec;
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
-use crate::container::richtext::tracker::UNKNOWN_PEER_ID;
 
 const MAX_FRAGMENT_LEN: usize = 256;
 
@@ -42,10 +41,6 @@ impl IdToCursor {
     ///
     /// id_span should be within the same `Cursor` and should be a `Insert`
     pub fn update_insert(&mut self, id_span: IdSpan, new_leaf: LeafIndex) {
-        if id_span.client_id == UNKNOWN_PEER_ID {
-            return;
-        }
-
         let list = self.map.get_mut(&id_span.client_id).unwrap();
         let index = match list.binary_search_by_key(&id_span.counter.start, |x| x.counter) {
             Ok(index) => index,
@@ -65,7 +60,7 @@ impl IdToCursor {
         iter_id_span.normalize_();
         let list = self.map.get(&iter_id_span.client_id).unwrap_or(&EMPTY_VEC);
         let mut index = 0;
-        let mut offset = 0;
+        let mut offset_in_insert_set = 0;
         let mut counter = 0;
 
         if !list.is_empty() {
@@ -74,7 +69,7 @@ impl IdToCursor {
                 Err(index) => index - 1,
             };
 
-            offset = 0;
+            offset_in_insert_set = 0;
             counter = list[index].counter;
         }
 
@@ -86,15 +81,15 @@ impl IdToCursor {
             let f = &list[index];
             match &f.cursor {
                 Cursor::Insert { set, len: _ } => {
-                    if offset == set.len() {
+                    if offset_in_insert_set == set.len() {
                         index += 1;
-                        offset = 0;
+                        offset_in_insert_set = 0;
                         continue;
                     }
 
-                    offset += 1;
+                    offset_in_insert_set += 1;
                     let start_counter = counter;
-                    let elem = set[offset - 1];
+                    let elem = set[offset_in_insert_set - 1];
                     counter += elem.len as Counter;
                     let end_counter = counter;
                     if end_counter <= iter_id_span.counter.start {
@@ -111,6 +106,8 @@ impl IdToCursor {
                     });
                 }
                 Cursor::Delete(span) => {
+                    offset_in_insert_set = 0;
+                    index += 1;
                     let start_counter = counter;
                     counter += span.atom_len() as Counter;
                     if counter <= iter_id_span.counter.start {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
index 5254a68b7..dfbea6b0d 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
@@ -499,7 +499,7 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for RichtextDiffCalculator {
                 crate::container::list::list_op::InnerListOp::Insert { slice, pos } => {
                     self.tracker.insert(
                         op.id_start(),
-                        *pos as usize,
+                        *pos,
                         RichtextChunk::new_text(slice.0.clone()),
                     );
                 }
@@ -571,6 +571,8 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for RichtextDiffCalculator {
             }
         }
 
+        debug_log::debug_dbg!(&delta, from, to);
+        debug_log::debug_dbg!(&self.tracker);
         Diff::RichtextRaw(delta)
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
index a02652ffa..bdb68fd03 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
@@ -457,6 +457,8 @@ impl RichtextHandler {
                         .unwrap()
                         .get_text_entity_ranges_in_unicode_range(pos, len)
                 });
+
+        debug_log::debug_dbg!(&ranges, pos, len);
         for range in ranges.iter().rev() {
             txn.apply_local_op(
                 self.container_idx,
@@ -477,7 +479,7 @@ impl RichtextHandler {
         txn: &mut Transaction,
         start: usize,
         end: usize,
-        key: InternalString,
+        key: &str,
         flag: TextStyleInfoFlag,
     ) -> LoroResult<()> {
         if start >= end {
@@ -510,7 +512,7 @@ impl RichtextHandler {
             crate::op::RawOpContent::List(ListOp::StyleStart {
                 start: entity_start as u32,
                 end: entity_end as u32,
-                key: key.clone(),
+                key: key.into(),
                 info: flag,
             }),
             None,
@@ -873,6 +875,7 @@ mod test {
     use crate::container::richtext::TextStyleInfoFlag;
     use crate::loro::LoroDoc;
     use crate::version::Frontiers;
+    use crate::ToJson;
     use loro_common::ID;
 
     #[test]
@@ -985,8 +988,8 @@ mod test {
 
         // assert has bold
         let value = handler.get_richtext_value();
-        assert_eq!(value[0]["text"], "hello".into());
-        let meta = value[0]["meta"].as_map().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(value[0]["insert"], "hello".into());
+        let meta = value[0]["attributes"].as_map().unwrap();
         assert_eq!(meta.len(), 1);
         meta.get("bold").unwrap();
 
@@ -1002,8 +1005,9 @@ mod test {
 
         // assert has bold
         let value = handler2.get_richtext_value();
-        assert_eq!(value[0]["text"], "hello".into());
-        let meta = value[0]["meta"].as_map().unwrap();
+        dbg!(&value);
+        assert_eq!(value[0]["insert"], "hello".into());
+        let meta = value[0]["attributes"].as_map().unwrap();
         assert_eq!(meta.len(), 1);
         meta.get("bold").unwrap();
 
@@ -1014,10 +1018,13 @@ mod test {
                 .unwrap();
 
             let value = handler2.get_richtext_value();
-            assert_eq!(value[1]["text"], " new".into());
-            let meta = value[1]["meta"].as_map().unwrap();
-            assert_eq!(meta.len(), 1);
-            meta.get("bold").unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(
+                value.to_json_value(),
+                serde_json::json!([
+                    {"insert": "hello new", "attributes": {"bold": true}},
+                    {"insert": " world"}
+                ])
+            );
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs
index 023af5d5f..b036bd9af 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ impl LoroDoc {
                 let old_vv = oplog.vv().clone();
                 let old_frontiers = oplog.frontiers().clone();
                 oplog.decode(bytes)?;
-                // debug_log::debug_dbg!(&oplog);
+                debug_log::debug_dbg!(&oplog);
                 if !self.detached {
                     let mut diff = DiffCalculator::default();
                     let diff = diff.calc_diff_internal(
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
index fcd32e2d1..b9a3e8c05 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
@@ -215,8 +215,8 @@ impl RichtextState {
 
     pub(crate) fn get_text_entity_ranges_in_unicode_range(
         &self,
-        mut pos: usize,
-        mut len: usize,
+        pos: usize,
+        len: usize,
     ) -> Vec<Range<usize>> {
         self.state.get_text_entity_ranges_in_unicode_range(pos, len)
     }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
index 3688e91c7..da099dd04 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
@@ -9,26 +9,23 @@ use debug_log::debug_dbg;
 pub use loro_common::LoroValue;
 
 pub trait ToJson {
+    fn to_json_value(&self) -> serde_json::Value;
     fn to_json(&self) -> String;
     fn to_json_pretty(&self) -> String;
     fn from_json(s: &str) -> Self;
 }
 
 impl ToJson for LoroValue {
+    fn to_json_value(&self) -> serde_json::Value {
+        serde_json::to_value(self).unwrap()
+    }
+
     fn to_json(&self) -> String {
-        #[cfg(feature = "json")]
-        let ans = serde_json::to_string(self).unwrap();
-        #[cfg(not(feature = "json"))]
-        let ans = String::new();
-        ans
+        serde_json::to_string(self).unwrap()
     }
 
     fn to_json_pretty(&self) -> String {
-        #[cfg(feature = "json")]
-        let ans = serde_json::to_string_pretty(self).unwrap();
-        #[cfg(not(feature = "json"))]
-        let ans = String::new();
-        ans
+        serde_json::to_string_pretty(self).unwrap()
     }
 
     #[allow(unused)]
@@ -112,8 +109,7 @@ impl ApplyDiff for LoroValue {
                                 map.insert(v.0.to_string(), unresolved_to_collection(v.1));
                             }
                             for (k, _) in diff.deleted.iter() {
-                                // map.remove(v.as_ref());
-                                map.insert(k.to_string(), LoroValue::Null);
+                                map.remove(k.as_ref());
                             }
                             for (key, value) in diff.updated.iter() {
                                 map.insert(key.to_string(), unresolved_to_collection(&value.new));
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/tests/richtext.md b/crates/loro-internal/tests/richtext.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..48e5cd606
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/tests/richtext.md
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+# Richtext Test Cases
+
+#### 0. Insert into bold span
+
+| Name            | Text                     |
+|:----------------|:-------------------------|
+| Origin          | `Hello World`            |
+| Concurrent A    | `<b>Hello World</b>`     |
+| Concurrent B    | `Hello New World`        |
+| Expected Result | `<b>Hello New World</b>` |
+
+#### 1. Merge Concurrent Styles
+
+| Name            | Text                 |
+|:----------------|:---------------------|
+| Origin          | Hello World          |
+| Concurrent A    | `<b>Hello</b> World` |
+| Concurrent B    | `Hel<b>lo World</b>` |
+| Expected Result | `<b>Hello World</b>` |
+
+#### 2. Concurrent insert text & remove style
+
+| Name            | Text                   |
+|:----------------|:-----------------------|
+| Origin          | `<b>Hello World</b>`   |
+| Concurrent A    | `Hello <b>World</b>`   |
+| Concurrent B    | `<b>Hello a World</b>` |
+| Expected Result | `Hello a <b>World</b>` |
+
+#### 3. Concurrent insert text & style
+
+| Name            | Text                   |
+|:----------------|:-----------------------|
+| Origin          | `Hello World`          |
+| Concurrent A    | `Hello <b>World</b>`   |
+| Concurrent B    | `Hello a World`        |
+| Expected Result | `Hello a <b>World</b>` |
+
+#### 4. Concurrently insert text and style that expands
+
+This doesn't work well in our implementation
+
+| Name            | Text                  |
+|:----------------|:----------------------|
+| Origin          | `Hello World`         |
+| Concurrent A    | `<b>Hello</b> World`  |
+| Concurrent B    | `Hello* World`        |
+| Expected Result | `<b>Hello*</b> World` |
+
+#### 5. Concurrent text edit & style that shrink
+
+| Name            | Text                       |
+|:----------------|:---------------------------|
+| Origin          | `Hello World`              |
+| Concurrent A    | `<link>Hello</link> World` |
+| Concurrent B    | `Hey World`                |
+| Expected Result | `<link>Hey</link> World`   |
+
+#### 6. Local insertion expand rules
+
+> [**Hello**](https://www.google.com) World
+
+When insert a new character after "Hello", the new char should be bold but not link
+
+> [**Hello**](https://www.google.com)**t** World
+
+
+| Name            | Text                              |
+|:----------------|:----------------------------------|
+| Origin          | `<b><link>Hello</link><b> World`  |
+| Expected Result | `<b><link>Hello</link>t<b> World` |
+
+
+#### 7. Concurrent unbold
+
+In Peritext paper 2.3.2
+
+| Name            | Text                                         |
+|:----------------|:---------------------------------------------|
+| Origin          | `<b>The fox jumped</b> over the dog.`        |
+| Concurrent A    | `The fox jumped over the dog.`               |
+| Concurrent B    | `<b>The </b>fox<b> jumped</b> over the dog.` |
+| Expected Result | `The fox jumped over the dog.`               |
+
+#### 8. Bold & Unbold
+
+In Peritext paper 2.3.3
+
+| Name            | Text                                         |
+|:----------------|:---------------------------------------------|
+| Origin          | `<b>The fox jumped</b> over the dog.`        |
+| Concurrent A    | `<b>The fox</b> jumped over the dog.`        |
+| Concurrent B    | `<b>The</b> fox jumped over the <b>dog</b>.` |
+| Expected Result | `<b>The</b> fox jumped over the <b>dog</b>.` |
+
+#### 9. Overlapped formatting
+
+In Peritext paper 3.2, example 3
+
+| Name            | Text                         |
+|:----------------|:-----------------------------|
+| Origin          | The fox jumped.              |
+| Concurrent A    | **The fox** jumped.          |
+| Concurrent B    | The *fox jumped*.            |
+| Expected Result | **The _fox_**<i> jumped</i>. |
+
+#### 10. Multiple instances of the same mark
+
+![](https://i.postimg.cc/MTNGq8cH/Clean-Shot-2023-10-09-at-12-16-29-2x.png)
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/tests/richtext.rs b/crates/loro-internal/tests/richtext.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..25ec708eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/tests/richtext.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
+//! All the tests in this file are based on [richtext.md]
+
+use std::ops::Range;
+
+use loro_internal::{container::richtext::TextStyleInfoFlag, LoroDoc, ToJson};
+
+fn init(s: &str) -> LoroDoc {
+    let doc = LoroDoc::default();
+    doc.set_peer_id(1);
+    let richtext = doc.get_richtext("r");
+    doc.with_txn(|txn| richtext.insert(txn, 0, s)).unwrap();
+    doc
+}
+
+fn clone(doc: &LoroDoc, peer_id: u64) -> LoroDoc {
+    let doc2 = LoroDoc::default();
+    doc2.set_peer_id(peer_id);
+    doc2.import(&doc.export_from(&Default::default())).unwrap();
+    doc2
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+enum Kind {
+    Bold,
+    Italic,
+    Link,
+}
+
+impl Kind {
+    fn key(&self) -> &str {
+        match self {
+            Kind::Bold => "bold",
+            Kind::Link => "link",
+            Kind::Italic => "italic",
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn flag(&self) -> TextStyleInfoFlag {
+        match self {
+            Kind::Bold => TextStyleInfoFlag::BOLD,
+            Kind::Link => TextStyleInfoFlag::LINK,
+            Kind::Italic => TextStyleInfoFlag::BOLD,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn insert(doc: &LoroDoc, pos: usize, s: &str) {
+    let richtext = doc.get_richtext("r");
+    doc.with_txn(|txn| richtext.insert(txn, pos, s)).unwrap();
+}
+
+fn delete(doc: &LoroDoc, pos: usize, len: usize) {
+    let richtext = doc.get_richtext("r");
+    doc.with_txn(|txn| richtext.delete(txn, pos, len)).unwrap();
+}
+
+fn mark(doc: &LoroDoc, range: Range<usize>, kind: Kind) {
+    let richtext = doc.get_richtext("r");
+    doc.with_txn(|txn| richtext.mark(txn, range.start, range.end, kind.key(), kind.flag()))
+        .unwrap();
+}
+
+fn unmark(doc: &LoroDoc, range: Range<usize>, kind: Kind) {
+    let richtext = doc.get_richtext("r");
+    doc.with_txn(|txn| {
+        richtext.mark(
+            txn,
+            range.start,
+            range.end,
+            kind.key(),
+            kind.flag().to_delete(),
+        )
+    })
+    .unwrap();
+}
+
+fn merge(a: &LoroDoc, b: &LoroDoc) {
+    a.import(&b.export_from(&a.oplog_vv())).unwrap();
+    b.import(&a.export_from(&b.oplog_vv())).unwrap();
+}
+
+fn expect_result(doc: &LoroDoc, json: &str) {
+    let richtext = doc.get_richtext("r");
+    let s = richtext.get_richtext_value().to_json();
+    assert_eq!(&s, json);
+}
+
+fn expect_result_value(doc: &LoroDoc, json: serde_json::Value) {
+    let richtext = doc.get_richtext("r");
+    let s = richtext.get_richtext_value().to_json_value();
+    assert_eq!(s, json);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn case0() {
+    let doc_a = init("Hello World");
+    let doc_b = clone(&doc_a, 2);
+    mark(&doc_a, 0..11, Kind::Bold);
+    insert(&doc_b, 6, "New ");
+    merge(&doc_a, &doc_b);
+    expect_result(
+        &doc_a,
+        r#"[{"insert":"Hello New World","attributes":{"bold":true}}]"#,
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn case1() {
+    let doc_a = init("Hello World");
+    let doc_b = clone(&doc_a, 2);
+    mark(&doc_a, 0..5, Kind::Bold);
+    mark(&doc_b, 3..11, Kind::Bold);
+    merge(&doc_a, &doc_b);
+    expect_result(
+        &doc_a,
+        r#"[{"insert":"Hello World","attributes":{"bold":true}}]"#,
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn case2() {
+    let doc_a = init("Hello World");
+    mark(&doc_a, 0..11, Kind::Bold);
+    let doc_b = clone(&doc_a, 2);
+    unmark(&doc_a, 0..6, Kind::Bold);
+    insert(&doc_b, 5, " a");
+    merge(&doc_a, &doc_b);
+    expect_result(
+        &doc_a,
+        r#"[{"insert":"Hello a "},{"insert":"World","attributes":{"bold":true}}]"#,
+    );
+}
+
+/// | Name            | Text                   |
+/// |:----------------|:-----------------------|
+/// | Origin          | `Hello World`          |
+/// | Concurrent A    | `Hello <b>World</b>`   |
+/// | Concurrent B    | `Hello a World`        |
+/// | Expected Result | `Hello a <b>World</b>` |
+///
+#[test]
+fn case3() {
+    let doc_a = init("Hello World");
+    let doc_b = clone(&doc_a, 2);
+    mark(&doc_a, 6..11, Kind::Bold);
+    insert(&doc_b, 5, " a");
+    merge(&doc_a, &doc_b);
+    expect_result(
+        &doc_a,
+        r#"[{"insert":"Hello a "},{"insert":"World","attributes":{"bold":true}}]"#,
+    );
+}
+
+/// | Name            | Text                       |
+/// |:----------------|:---------------------------|
+/// | Origin          | `Hello World`              |
+/// | Concurrent A    | `<link>Hello</link> World` |
+/// | Concurrent B    | `Hey World`                |
+/// | Expected Result | `<link>Hey</link> World`   |
+#[test]
+fn case5() {
+    let doc_a = init("Hello World");
+    let doc_b = clone(&doc_a, 2);
+    mark(&doc_a, 0..5, Kind::Link);
+    delete(&doc_b, 2, 3);
+    expect_result(&doc_b, r#"[{"insert":"He World"}]"#);
+    insert(&doc_b, 2, "y");
+    expect_result(&doc_b, r#"[{"insert":"Hey World"}]"#);
+    merge(&doc_a, &doc_b);
+    expect_result(
+        &doc_b,
+        r#"[{"insert":"Hey","attributes":{"link":true}},{"insert":" World"}]"#,
+    );
+    expect_result(
+        &doc_a,
+        r#"[{"insert":"Hey","attributes":{"link":true}},{"insert":" World"}]"#,
+    );
+}
+
+/// When insert a new character after "Hello", the new char should be bold but not link
+///
+/// | Name            | Text                              |
+/// |:----------------|:----------------------------------|
+/// | Origin          | `<b><link>Hello</link><b> World`  |
+/// | Expected Result | `<b><link>Hello</link>t<b> World` |
+#[test]
+fn case6() {
+    let doc = init("Hello World");
+    mark(&doc, 0..5, Kind::Bold);
+    expect_result_value(
+        &doc,
+        serde_json::json!([
+            {"insert": "Hello", "attributes": {"bold": true}},
+            {"insert": " World"}
+        ]),
+    );
+    mark(&doc, 0..5, Kind::Link);
+    expect_result_value(
+        &doc,
+        serde_json::json!([
+            {"insert": "Hello", "attributes": {"bold": true, "link": true}},
+            {"insert": " World"}
+        ]),
+    );
+    insert(&doc, 5, "t");
+    expect_result_value(
+        &doc,
+        serde_json::json!([
+            {"insert": "Hello", "attributes": {"bold": true, "link": true}},
+            {"insert": "t", "attributes": {"bold": true}},
+            {"insert": " World"}
+        ]),
+    );
+}
+
+///
+/// | Name            | Text                                         |
+/// |:----------------|:---------------------------------------------|
+/// | Origin          | `<b>The fox jumped</b> over the dog.`        |
+/// | Concurrent A    | `The fox jumped over the dog.`               |
+/// | Concurrent B    | `<b>The </b>fox<b> jumped</b> over the dog.` |
+/// | Expected Result | `The fox jumped over the dog.`               |
+#[test]
+fn case7() {
+    let doc_a = init("The fox jumped over the dog.");
+    mark(&doc_a, 0..3, Kind::Bold);
+    let doc_b = clone(&doc_a, 2);
+    unmark(&doc_a, 0..3, Kind::Bold);
+    unmark(&doc_b, 4..7, Kind::Bold);
+    merge(&doc_a, &doc_b);
+    expect_result(&doc_a, r#"[{"insert":"The fox jumped over the dog."}]"#);
+}
+
+/// | Name            | Text                                         |
+/// |:----------------|:---------------------------------------------|
+/// | Origin          | `<b>The fox jumped</b> over the dog.`        |
+/// | Concurrent A    | `<b>The fox</b> jumped over the dog.`        |
+/// | Concurrent B    | `<b>The</b> fox jumped over the <b>dog</b>.` |
+/// | Expected Result | `<b>The</b> fox jumped over the <b>dog</b>.` |
+#[test]
+fn case8() {
+    let doc_a = init("The fox jumped over the dog.");
+    mark(&doc_a, 0..14, Kind::Bold);
+    let doc_b = clone(&doc_a, 2);
+    unmark(&doc_a, 7..14, Kind::Bold);
+    unmark(&doc_b, 3..14, Kind::Bold);
+    mark(&doc_b, 24..27, Kind::Bold);
+    merge(&doc_a, &doc_b);
+    expect_result_value(
+        &doc_a,
+        serde_json::json!([
+            {"insert": "The", "attributes": {"bold": true}},
+            {"insert": " fox jumped over the "},
+            {"insert": "dog", "attributes": {"bold": true}},
+            {"insert": "."}
+        ]),
+    );
+}
+
+/// | Name            | Text                         |
+/// |:----------------|:-----------------------------|
+/// | Origin          | The fox jumped.              |
+/// | Concurrent A    | **The fox** jumped.          |
+/// | Concurrent B    | The *fox jumped*.            |
+/// | Expected Result | **The _fox_**<i> jumped</i>. |
+#[test]
+fn case9() {
+    let doc_a = init("The fox jumped.");
+    let doc_b = clone(&doc_a, 2);
+    mark(&doc_a, 0..7, Kind::Bold);
+    mark(&doc_a, 4..14, Kind::Italic);
+    merge(&doc_a, &doc_b);
+    expect_result_value(
+        &doc_a,
+        serde_json::json!([
+            {"insert": "The ", "attributes": {"bold": true}},
+            {"insert": "fox", "attributes": {"bold": true, "italic": true}},
+            {"insert": " jumped", "attributes": {"italic": true}},
+            {"insert": "."}
+        ]),
+    );
+}

From 17645f98b4cea3068ef0e9cb6d9e281f6e3746df Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zixuan Chen <remch183@outlook.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Oct 2023 21:21:06 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 025/111] feat: snapshot encoding for richtext init

---
 crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs             |  19 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/arena/str_arena.rs   |  42 +++-
 .../src/container/list/list_op.rs             |   3 +-
 .../loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs   |   8 +
 .../src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs  |  13 +
 crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs         |  19 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/lib.rs               |   1 +
 crates/loro-internal/src/op.rs                |  26 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs             |  19 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs   | 235 +++++++++++++++---
 .../loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs | 162 +++++++++++-
 crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs               |  14 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/utils/bitmap.rs      |  43 ++++
 crates/loro-internal/src/utils/mod.rs         |   1 +
 crates/loro-preload/src/encode.rs             |  41 ++-
 15 files changed, 546 insertions(+), 100 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 crates/loro-internal/src/utils/bitmap.rs
 create mode 100644 crates/loro-internal/src/utils/mod.rs

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs
index 7089ed7c4..9e7df77fc 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs
@@ -146,13 +146,8 @@ impl<'a> OpConverter<'a> {
                     content: InnerContent::List(InnerListOp::StyleStart {
                         start,
                         end,
-                        style: Arc::new(crate::container::richtext::StyleOp {
-                            lamport,
-                            peer,
-                            cnt: counter,
-                            key,
-                            info,
-                        }),
+                        info,
+                        key,
                     }),
                 },
                 ListOp::StyleEnd => Op {
@@ -210,6 +205,7 @@ impl SharedArena {
         _alloc_str(&mut text_lock, str)
     }
 
+    /// alloc str without extra info
     pub fn alloc_str_fast(&self, bytes: &[u8]) {
         let mut text_lock = self.inner.str.lock().unwrap();
         text_lock.alloc(std::str::from_utf8(bytes).unwrap());
@@ -393,13 +389,8 @@ impl SharedArena {
                     content: InnerContent::List(InnerListOp::StyleStart {
                         start,
                         end,
-                        style: Arc::new(StyleOp {
-                            lamport,
-                            peer,
-                            cnt: counter,
-                            key,
-                            info,
-                        }),
+                        key,
+                        info,
                     }),
                 },
                 ListOp::StyleEnd => Op {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/arena/str_arena.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/arena/str_arena.rs
index c9ba897cd..998dc5c50 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/arena/str_arena.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/arena/str_arena.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ struct Index {
 }
 
 impl StrArena {
-#[inline]
+    #[inline]
     pub fn new() -> Self {
         Self {
             bytes: AppendOnlyBytes::new(),
@@ -59,22 +59,36 @@ impl StrArena {
         self.bytes.slice(bytes_len..)
     }
 
-    // TODO: PERF handle super long s, it shuold be split into multiple chunks
-    pub fn alloc(&mut self, s: &str) {
-        let inner = self;
+    pub fn alloc(&mut self, input: &str) {
         let mut utf16 = 0;
         let mut unicode_len = 0;
-        for c in s.chars() {
+        let mut last_save_index = 0;
+        for (byte_index, c) in input.char_indices() {
+            let byte_index = byte_index + c.len_utf8();
             utf16 += c.len_utf16() as u32;
             unicode_len += 1;
+            if byte_index - last_save_index > INDEX_INTERVAL as usize {
+                self._alloc(&input[last_save_index..byte_index], utf16, unicode_len);
+                last_save_index = byte_index;
+                utf16 = 0;
+                unicode_len = 0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if last_save_index != input.len() {
+            self._alloc(&input[last_save_index..], utf16, unicode_len);
         }
-        inner.len.bytes += s.len() as u32;
-        inner.len.utf16 += utf16;
-        inner.len.unicode += unicode_len as u32;
-        inner.bytes.push_str(s);
-        let cur_len = inner.len;
+    }
 
-        let index = &mut inner.unicode_indexes;
+    fn _alloc(&mut self, input: &str, utf16: u32, unicode_len: i32) {
+        let s = input;
+        self.len.bytes += s.len() as u32;
+        self.len.utf16 += utf16;
+        self.len.unicode += unicode_len as u32;
+        self.bytes.push_str(s);
+        let cur_len = self.len;
+
+        let index = &mut self.unicode_indexes;
         if index.is_empty() {
             index.push(Index {
                 bytes: 0,
@@ -85,7 +99,7 @@ impl StrArena {
 
         let last = index.last().unwrap();
         if cur_len.bytes - last.bytes > INDEX_INTERVAL {
-            inner.unicode_indexes.push(cur_len);
+            self.unicode_indexes.push(cur_len);
         }
     }
 
@@ -103,6 +117,10 @@ impl StrArena {
     }
 
     fn unicode_range_to_utf8_range(&mut self, range: impl RangeBounds<usize>) -> (usize, usize) {
+        if self.is_empty() {
+            return (0, 0);
+        }
+
         let start = match range.start_bound() {
             Bound::Included(&i) => i as u32,
             Bound::Excluded(&i) => unreachable!(),
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/list/list_op.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/list/list_op.rs
index 3be0f4bbb..a71d429e3 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/list/list_op.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/list/list_op.rs
@@ -44,7 +44,8 @@ pub enum InnerListOp {
     StyleStart {
         start: u32,
         end: u32,
-        style: Arc<StyleOp>,
+        key: InternalString,
+        info: TextStyleInfoFlag,
     },
     StyleEnd,
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs
index 5bbe4f3e7..8c666a2eb 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs
@@ -266,6 +266,14 @@ impl TextStyleInfoFlag {
         TextStyleInfoFlag::new(true, ExpandType::None, false, false);
     pub const COMMENT: TextStyleInfoFlag =
         TextStyleInfoFlag::new(false, ExpandType::None, false, true);
+
+    pub fn to_u8(&self) -> u8 {
+        self.data
+    }
+
+    pub fn from_u8(data: u8) -> Self {
+        Self { data }
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
index 563e23e50..f557e7b6e 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
@@ -66,6 +66,19 @@ pub enum RichtextStateChunk {
     },
 }
 
+impl RichtextStateChunk {
+    pub fn new_text(s: BytesSlice) -> Self {
+        Self::Text {
+            unicode_len: std::str::from_utf8(&s).unwrap().chars().count() as i32,
+            text: s,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_style(style: Arc<StyleOp>, anchor_type: AnchorType) -> Self {
+        Self::Style { style, anchor_type }
+    }
+}
+
 impl DeltaValue for RichtextStateChunk {
     fn value_extend(&mut self, other: Self) -> Result<(), Self> {
         Err(other)
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
index dfbea6b0d..70687fcf8 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
@@ -470,7 +470,7 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for TextDiffCalculator {
 struct RichtextDiffCalculator {
     start_vv: VersionVector,
     tracker: RichtextTracker,
-    styles: Vec<Arc<StyleOp>>,
+    styles: Vec<StyleOp>,
 }
 
 impl DiffCalculatorTrait for RichtextDiffCalculator {
@@ -511,10 +511,21 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for RichtextDiffCalculator {
                         del.pos < 0,
                     );
                 }
-                crate::container::list::list_op::InnerListOp::StyleStart { start, end, style } => {
+                crate::container::list::list_op::InnerListOp::StyleStart {
+                    start,
+                    end,
+                    key,
+                    info,
+                } => {
                     debug_assert!(start < end, "start: {}, end: {}", start, end);
                     let style_id = self.styles.len();
-                    self.styles.push(style.clone());
+                    self.styles.push(StyleOp {
+                        lamport: op.lamport(),
+                        peer: op.peer,
+                        cnt: op.id_start().counter,
+                        key: key.clone(),
+                        info: *info,
+                    });
                     self.tracker.insert(
                         op.id_start(),
                         *start as usize,
@@ -559,7 +570,7 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for RichtextDiffCalculator {
                     }
                     RichtextChunkValue::StyleAnchor { id, anchor_type } => {
                         delta = delta.insert(RichtextStateChunk::Style {
-                            style: self.styles[id as usize].clone(),
+                            style: Arc::new(self.styles[id as usize].clone()),
                             anchor_type,
                         });
                     }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/lib.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/lib.rs
index c95b8f528..329c5f07b 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/lib.rs
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ pub mod fuzz;
 mod span;
 #[cfg(test)]
 pub mod tests;
+mod utils;
 
 pub mod delta;
 pub mod event;
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/op.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/op.rs
index 82eca9a59..5ecf68665 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/op.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/op.rs
@@ -39,12 +39,12 @@ pub struct RawOp<'a> {
 /// RichOp includes lamport and timestamp info, which is used for conflict resolution.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct RichOp<'a> {
-    op: &'a Op,
-    client_id: PeerID,
-    lamport: Lamport,
-    timestamp: Timestamp,
-    start: usize,
-    end: usize,
+    pub op: &'a Op,
+    pub peer: PeerID,
+    pub lamport: Lamport,
+    pub timestamp: Timestamp,
+    pub start: usize,
+    pub end: usize,
 }
 
 /// RichOp includes lamport and timestamp info, which is used for conflict resolution.
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ impl<'a> HasCounter for RemoteOp<'a> {
 impl<'a> HasId for RichOp<'a> {
     fn id_start(&self) -> ID {
         ID {
-            peer: self.client_id,
+            peer: self.peer,
             counter: self.op.counter + self.start as Counter,
         }
     }
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ impl<'a> RichOp<'a> {
     pub fn new(op: &'a Op, client_id: PeerID, lamport: Lamport, timestamp: Timestamp) -> Self {
         RichOp {
             op,
-            client_id,
+            peer: client_id,
             lamport,
             timestamp,
             start: 0,
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ impl<'a> RichOp<'a> {
         let diff = op.counter - change.id.counter;
         RichOp {
             op,
-            client_id: change.id.peer,
+            peer: change.id.peer,
             lamport: change.lamport + diff as Lamport,
             timestamp: change.timestamp,
             start: 0,
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ impl<'a> RichOp<'a> {
         let op_slice_end = (end - op_index_in_change).clamp(0, op.atom_len() as i32);
         RichOp {
             op,
-            client_id: change.id.peer,
+            peer: change.id.peer,
             lamport: change.lamport + op_index_in_change as Lamport,
             timestamp: change.timestamp,
             start: op_slice_start as usize,
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ impl<'a> RichOp<'a> {
     pub fn as_owned(&self) -> OwnedRichOp {
         OwnedRichOp {
             op: self.get_sliced(),
-            client_id: self.client_id,
+            client_id: self.peer,
             lamport: self.lamport,
             timestamp: self.timestamp,
         }
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ impl<'a> RichOp<'a> {
     }
 
     pub fn client_id(&self) -> u64 {
-        self.client_id
+        self.peer
     }
 
     pub fn timestamp(&self) -> i64 {
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ impl OwnedRichOp {
     pub fn rich_op(&self) -> RichOp {
         RichOp {
             op: &self.op,
-            client_id: self.client_id,
+            peer: self.client_id,
             lamport: self.lamport,
             timestamp: self.timestamp,
             start: 0,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
index cca2e6aa0..907e68340 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
@@ -394,14 +394,17 @@ impl OpLog {
                 list_op::InnerListOp::Delete(del) => {
                     contents.push(RawOpContent::List(list_op::ListOp::Delete(*del)))
                 }
-                list_op::InnerListOp::StyleStart { start, end, style } => {
-                    contents.push(RawOpContent::List(list_op::ListOp::StyleStart {
-                        start: *start,
-                        end: *end,
-                        key: style.key.clone(),
-                        info: style.info,
-                    }))
-                }
+                list_op::InnerListOp::StyleStart {
+                    start,
+                    end,
+                    key,
+                    info,
+                } => contents.push(RawOpContent::List(list_op::ListOp::StyleStart {
+                    start: *start,
+                    end: *end,
+                    key: key.clone(),
+                    info: *info,
+                })),
                 list_op::InnerListOp::StyleEnd => {
                     contents.push(RawOpContent::List(list_op::ListOp::StyleEnd))
                 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
index 2b2772ab6..3921d9b33 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use std::borrow::Cow;
+use std::{borrow::Cow, ops::Deref};
 
 use fxhash::FxHashMap;
 use itertools::Itertools;
@@ -7,15 +7,20 @@ use loro_preload::{
     CommonArena, EncodedAppState, EncodedContainerState, FinalPhase, MapEntry, TempArena,
 };
 use rle::{HasLength, RleVec};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use serde_columnar::{columnar, to_vec};
 use smallvec::smallvec;
 
 use crate::{
     change::{Change, Timestamp},
-    container::{idx::ContainerIdx, list::list_op::InnerListOp, map::InnerMapSet},
+    container::{
+        idx::ContainerIdx, list::list_op::InnerListOp, map::InnerMapSet,
+        richtext::TextStyleInfoFlag,
+    },
     delta::MapValue,
     id::{Counter, PeerID},
     op::{InnerContent, Op},
+    state::RichtextState,
     version::Frontiers,
     InternalString, LoroError, LoroValue,
 };
@@ -60,11 +65,10 @@ pub fn decode_oplog(
     arena: Option<(SharedArena, TempArena, CommonArena)>,
 ) -> Result<(), LoroError> {
     let (arena, state_arena, common) = arena.unwrap_or_else(|| {
-        (
-            Default::default(),
-            TempArena::decode_state_arena(data).unwrap(),
-            CommonArena::decode(data).unwrap(),
-        )
+        let arena = SharedArena::default();
+        let state_arena = TempArena::decode_state_arena(data).unwrap();
+        arena.alloc_str_fast(&state_arena.richtext);
+        (arena, state_arena, CommonArena::decode(data).unwrap())
     });
     oplog.arena = arena.clone();
     let mut extra_arena = TempArena::decode_additional_arena(data)?;
@@ -75,7 +79,7 @@ pub fn decode_oplog(
     keys.append(&mut extra_arena.keywords);
 
     let oplog_data = OplogEncoded::decode_iter(data)?;
-
+    let mut style_iter = oplog_data.styles.iter();
     let mut changes = Vec::new();
     let mut dep_iter = oplog_data.deps;
     let mut op_iter = oplog_data.ops;
@@ -98,12 +102,16 @@ pub fn decode_oplog(
             let container = common.container_ids[encoded_op.container as usize].clone();
             let container_idx = arena.register_container(&container);
             let op = match container.container_type() {
-                loro_common::ContainerType::Text | loro_common::ContainerType::List => {
-                    let op = if container.container_type() == ContainerType::List {
-                        encoded_op.get_list()
-                    } else {
-                        encoded_op.get_text()
+                loro_common::ContainerType::Text
+                | loro_common::ContainerType::List
+                | loro_common::ContainerType::Richtext => {
+                    let op = match container.container_type() {
+                        ContainerType::List => encoded_op.get_list(),
+                        ContainerType::Text => encoded_op.get_text(),
+                        ContainerType::Richtext => encoded_op.get_richtext(),
+                        _ => unreachable!(),
                     };
+
                     match op {
                         SnapshotOp::ListInsert {
                             value_idx: start,
@@ -133,6 +141,32 @@ pub fn decode_oplog(
                             text_idx += len as u32;
                             op
                         }
+                        SnapshotOp::RichtextStyleStart { start, end } => {
+                            let style = style_iter.next().unwrap();
+                            let key = keys[style.key_idx as usize].clone();
+                            let info = style.info;
+                            Op::new(
+                                id,
+                                InnerContent::List(InnerListOp::StyleStart {
+                                    start: start as u32,
+                                    end: end as u32,
+                                    key,
+                                    info: TextStyleInfoFlag::from_u8(info),
+                                }),
+                                container_idx,
+                            )
+                        }
+                        SnapshotOp::RichtextStyleEnd => {
+                            Op::new(id, InnerContent::List(InnerListOp::StyleEnd), container_idx)
+                        }
+                        SnapshotOp::RichtextInsert { pos, start, len } => Op::new(
+                            id,
+                            InnerContent::List(InnerListOp::new_insert(
+                                start as u32..start as u32 + (len as u32),
+                                pos,
+                            )),
+                            container_idx,
+                        ),
                     }
                 }
                 loro_common::ContainerType::Map => {
@@ -159,7 +193,6 @@ pub fn decode_oplog(
                         _ => unreachable!(),
                     }
                 }
-                loro_common::ContainerType::Richtext => unimplemented!(),
             };
             *counter_mut += op.content_len() as Counter;
             ops.push(op);
@@ -204,6 +237,7 @@ pub fn decode_state<'b>(
     let arena = app_state.arena.clone();
     let common = CommonArena::decode(data)?;
     let state_arena = TempArena::decode_state_arena(data)?;
+    arena.alloc_str_fast(&state_arena.richtext);
     let encoded_app_state = EncodedAppState::decode(data)?;
     let mut text_index = 0;
     let mut container_states =
@@ -213,7 +247,7 @@ pub fn decode_state<'b>(
         .container_ids
         .iter()
         .zip(encoded_app_state.parents.iter())
-        .zip(encoded_app_state.states.iter())
+        .zip(encoded_app_state.states.into_iter())
     {
         let idx = arena.register_container(id);
         let parent_idx =
@@ -259,6 +293,11 @@ pub fn decode_state<'b>(
                 );
                 container_states.insert(idx, State::ListState(list));
             }
+            loro_preload::EncodedContainerState::Richtext(richtext_data) => {
+                let mut richtext = RichtextState::new();
+                richtext.decode_snapshot(richtext_data, &state_arena, &common, &arena);
+                container_states.insert(idx, State::RichtextState(richtext));
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -278,6 +317,14 @@ struct OplogEncoded {
     ops: Vec<EncodedSnapshotOp>,
     #[columnar(class = "vec", iter = "DepsEncoding")]
     deps: Vec<DepsEncoding>,
+
+    styles: Vec<StyleInfo>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+struct StyleInfo {
+    key_idx: u32,
+    info: u8,
 }
 
 impl OplogEncoded {
@@ -319,31 +366,81 @@ struct EncodedSnapshotOp {
     /// key index or insert/delete pos
     #[columnar(strategy = "DeltaRle")]
     prop: usize,
-    // Text: insert len | del len (can be neg)
-    // List: 0 | del len (can be neg)
-    // Map: always 0
+    /// Richtext: insert range start
+    /// Text: 0
+    /// List: 0
+    /// Map: 0
+    #[columnar(strategy = "DeltaRle")]
+    prop2: usize,
+    /// Richtext: insert len | del len | end position (for style)
+    /// Text: insert len | del len (can be neg)
+    /// List: 0 | del len (can be neg)
+    /// Map: always 0
     #[columnar(strategy = "DeltaRle")]
     len: i64,
-    // List: insert 0 | deletion -1
-    // Text: insert 0 | deletion -1
-    // Map: always 0
     #[columnar(strategy = "BoolRle")]
     is_del: bool,
-    // Text: 0
-    // List: 0 | value index
-    // Map: 0 (deleted) | value index + 1
+    /// Richtext: 0 (text) | 1 (style_start) | 2 (style_end)
+    /// Text: 0
+    /// List: 0 | value index
+    /// Map: 0 (deleted) | value index + 1
     #[columnar(strategy = "DeltaRle")]
     value: isize,
 }
 
 enum SnapshotOp {
-    TextInsert { pos: usize, len: usize },
-    ListInsert { pos: usize, value_idx: u32 },
-    TextOrListDelete { pos: usize, len: isize },
-    Map { key: usize, value_idx_plus_one: u32 },
+    RichtextStyleStart {
+        start: usize,
+        end: usize,
+    },
+    RichtextStyleEnd,
+    RichtextInsert {
+        pos: usize,
+        start: usize,
+        len: usize,
+    },
+    TextInsert {
+        pos: usize,
+        len: usize,
+    },
+    ListInsert {
+        pos: usize,
+        value_idx: u32,
+    },
+    TextOrListDelete {
+        pos: usize,
+        len: isize,
+    },
+    Map {
+        key: usize,
+        value_idx_plus_one: u32,
+    },
 }
 
 impl EncodedSnapshotOp {
+    pub fn get_richtext(&self) -> SnapshotOp {
+        if self.is_del {
+            SnapshotOp::TextOrListDelete {
+                pos: self.prop,
+                len: self.len as isize,
+            }
+        } else {
+            match self.value {
+                0 => SnapshotOp::RichtextInsert {
+                    pos: self.prop,
+                    start: self.prop2,
+                    len: self.len as usize,
+                },
+                1 => SnapshotOp::RichtextStyleStart {
+                    start: self.prop,
+                    end: self.len as usize,
+                },
+                2 => SnapshotOp::RichtextStyleEnd,
+                _ => unreachable!(),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     pub fn get_text(&self) -> SnapshotOp {
         if self.is_del {
             SnapshotOp::TextOrListDelete {
@@ -388,6 +485,7 @@ impl EncodedSnapshotOp {
             } => Self {
                 container,
                 prop: pos,
+                prop2: 0,
                 len: 0,
                 is_del: false,
                 value: start as isize,
@@ -395,6 +493,7 @@ impl EncodedSnapshotOp {
             SnapshotOp::TextOrListDelete { pos, len } => Self {
                 container,
                 prop: pos,
+                prop2: 0,
                 len: len as i64,
                 is_del: true,
                 value: 0,
@@ -407,6 +506,7 @@ impl EncodedSnapshotOp {
                 Self {
                     container,
                     prop: key,
+                    prop2: 0,
                     len: 0,
                     is_del: false,
                     value,
@@ -415,6 +515,31 @@ impl EncodedSnapshotOp {
             SnapshotOp::TextInsert { pos, len } => Self {
                 container,
                 prop: pos,
+                prop2: 0,
+                len: len as i64,
+                is_del: false,
+                value: 0,
+            },
+            SnapshotOp::RichtextStyleStart { start, end } => Self {
+                container,
+                prop: start,
+                prop2: 0,
+                len: end as i64,
+                is_del: false,
+                value: 1,
+            },
+            SnapshotOp::RichtextStyleEnd => Self {
+                container,
+                prop: 0,
+                prop2: 0,
+                len: 0,
+                is_del: false,
+                value: 2,
+            },
+            SnapshotOp::RichtextInsert { pos, start, len } => Self {
+                container,
+                prop: pos,
+                prop2: start,
                 len: len as i64,
                 is_del: false,
                 value: 0,
@@ -498,7 +623,7 @@ fn preprocess_app_state(app_state: &DocState) -> PreEncodedState {
     for (_, state) in app_state.states.iter() {
         match state {
             State::ListState(list) => {
-                let v = list.iter().map(|value| record_value(value)).collect();
+                let v = list.iter().map(&mut record_value).collect();
                 encoded.states.push(EncodedContainerState::List(v))
             }
             State::MapState(map) => {
@@ -529,7 +654,10 @@ fn preprocess_app_state(app_state: &DocState) -> PreEncodedState {
                     .states
                     .push(EncodedContainerState::Text { len: text.len() })
             }
-            State::RichtextState(_) => todo!(),
+            State::RichtextState(text) => {
+                let result = text.encode_snapshot(&mut record_peer, &mut record_key);
+                encoded.states.push(EncodedContainerState::Richtext(result));
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -539,9 +667,10 @@ fn preprocess_app_state(app_state: &DocState) -> PreEncodedState {
     };
 
     let arena = TempArena {
-        text: bytes.into(),
-        keywords,
         values,
+        keywords,
+        richtext: app_state.arena.slice_by_unicode(..).deref().to_vec().into(),
+        text: bytes.into(),
     };
 
     PreEncodedState {
@@ -613,6 +742,7 @@ fn encode_oplog(oplog: &OpLog, state_ref: Option<PreEncodedState>) -> FinalPhase
         EncodedSnapshotOp::from(ans, container_idx)
     };
 
+    let mut styles = Vec::new();
     // Add all changes
     let mut changes: Vec<&Change> = Vec::with_capacity(oplog.len_changes());
     for (_, peer_changes) in oplog.changes.iter() {
@@ -664,8 +794,17 @@ fn encode_oplog(oplog: &OpLog, state_ref: Option<PreEncodedState>) -> FinalPhase
                                 pos += 1;
                             }
                         }
+                        loro_common::ContainerType::Richtext => {
+                            encoded_ops.push(EncodedSnapshotOp::from(
+                                SnapshotOp::RichtextInsert {
+                                    pos: *pos,
+                                    start: slice.0.start as usize,
+                                    len: slice.0.len(),
+                                },
+                                op.container.to_index(),
+                            ))
+                        }
                         loro_common::ContainerType::Map => unreachable!(),
-                        loro_common::ContainerType::Richtext => unimplemented!(),
                     },
                     InnerListOp::Delete(del) => {
                         encoded_ops.push(EncodedSnapshotOp::from(
@@ -676,8 +815,30 @@ fn encode_oplog(oplog: &OpLog, state_ref: Option<PreEncodedState>) -> FinalPhase
                             op.container.to_index(),
                         ));
                     }
-                    InnerListOp::StyleStart { start, end, style } => unimplemented!("style encode"),
-                    InnerListOp::StyleEnd => unimplemented!("style encode"),
+                    InnerListOp::StyleStart {
+                        start,
+                        end,
+                        key,
+                        info,
+                    } => {
+                        encoded_ops.push(EncodedSnapshotOp::from(
+                            SnapshotOp::RichtextStyleStart {
+                                start: *start as usize,
+                                end: *end as usize,
+                            },
+                            op.container.to_index(),
+                        ));
+                        styles.push(StyleInfo {
+                            key_idx: record_key(key) as u32,
+                            info: info.to_u8(),
+                        })
+                    }
+                    InnerListOp::StyleEnd => {
+                        encoded_ops.push(EncodedSnapshotOp::from(
+                            SnapshotOp::RichtextStyleEnd,
+                            op.container.to_index(),
+                        ));
+                    }
                 },
                 InnerContent::Map(map) => {
                     let key = record_key(&map.key);
@@ -727,7 +888,9 @@ fn encode_oplog(oplog: &OpLog, state_ref: Option<PreEncodedState>) -> FinalPhase
         changes: encoded_changes,
         ops: encoded_ops,
         deps,
+        styles,
     };
+
     // println!("OplogEncoded:");
     // println!("changes {}", oplog_encoded.changes.len());
     // println!("ops {}", oplog_encoded.ops.len());
@@ -739,6 +902,8 @@ fn encode_oplog(oplog: &OpLog, state_ref: Option<PreEncodedState>) -> FinalPhase
         state_arena: Cow::Owned(arena.encode()),
         oplog_extra_arena: Cow::Owned(
             TempArena {
+                // FIXME: encode arena str when state_arena richtext is empty
+                richtext: Cow::Owned(Vec::new()),
                 text: Cow::Borrowed(&bytes),
                 keywords: extra_keys,
                 values: extra_values,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
index b9a3e8c05..06fe7b65c 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
-use std::{
-    ops::{Deref, Range},
-    sync::Arc,
-};
+use std::{ops::Range, sync::Arc};
 
 use fxhash::FxHashMap;
 use generic_btree::rle::HasLength;
-use loro_common::LoroValue;
+use loro_common::{Counter, LoroValue, PeerID, ID};
+use loro_preload::{CommonArena, EncodedRichtextState, TempArena};
 
 use crate::{
     arena::SharedArena,
-    container::richtext::{AnchorType, RichtextState as InnerState, StyleOp},
+    container::richtext::{AnchorType, RichtextState as InnerState, StyleOp, TextStyleInfoFlag},
     container::{list::list_op, richtext::richtext_state::RichtextStateChunk},
     delta::DeltaItem,
     event::Diff,
     op::{Op, RawOp},
+    utils::bitmap::BitMap,
+    InternalString,
 };
 
 use super::ContainerState;
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ impl ContainerState for RichtextState {
         }
     }
 
-    fn apply_op(&mut self, _: &RawOp, op: &Op, arena: &SharedArena) {
+    fn apply_op(&mut self, r_op: &RawOp, op: &Op, arena: &SharedArena) {
         match &op.content {
             crate::op::InnerContent::List(l) => match l {
                 list_op::InnerListOp::Insert { slice, pos } => {
@@ -123,9 +123,22 @@ impl ContainerState for RichtextState {
                     self.state
                         .delete_with_entity_index(del.pos as usize, del.len as usize);
                 }
-                list_op::InnerListOp::StyleStart { start, end, style } => {
-                    self.state
-                        .mark_with_entity_index(*start as usize..*end as usize, style.clone());
+                list_op::InnerListOp::StyleStart {
+                    start,
+                    end,
+                    key,
+                    info,
+                } => {
+                    self.state.mark_with_entity_index(
+                        *start as usize..*end as usize,
+                        Arc::new(StyleOp {
+                            lamport: r_op.lamport,
+                            peer: r_op.id.peer,
+                            cnt: r_op.id.counter,
+                            key: key.clone(),
+                            info: *info,
+                        }),
+                    );
                 }
                 list_op::InnerListOp::StyleEnd => {}
             },
@@ -224,4 +237,133 @@ impl RichtextState {
     pub fn get_richtext_value(&self) -> LoroValue {
         self.state.get_richtext_value()
     }
+
+    pub(crate) fn get_loader(&mut self) -> RichtextStateLoader {
+        RichtextStateLoader {
+            state: self,
+            start_anchor_pos: Default::default(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn iter_chunk(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &RichtextStateChunk> {
+        self.state.iter_chunk()
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn decode_snapshot(
+        &mut self,
+        EncodedRichtextState {
+            len,
+            text,
+            styles,
+            is_style_start,
+        }: EncodedRichtextState,
+        state_arena: &TempArena,
+        common: &CommonArena,
+        arena: &SharedArena,
+    ) {
+        let bit_len = is_style_start.len() * 8;
+        let is_style_start = BitMap::from_vec(is_style_start, bit_len);
+        let mut loader = self.get_loader();
+        let mut is_text = true;
+        let mut text_range_iter = text.iter();
+        let mut style_iter = styles.iter();
+        let mut style_index = 0;
+        for &len in len.iter() {
+            if is_text {
+                for _ in 0..len {
+                    let &range = text_range_iter.next().unwrap();
+                    let text = arena.slice_by_unicode(range.0 as usize..range.1 as usize);
+                    loader.push(RichtextStateChunk::new_text(text));
+                }
+            } else {
+                for _ in 0..len {
+                    let is_start = is_style_start.get(style_index);
+                    style_index += 1;
+                    let style_compact = style_iter.next().unwrap();
+                    loader.push(RichtextStateChunk::new_style(
+                        Arc::new(StyleOp {
+                            lamport: style_compact.lamport,
+                            peer: common.peer_ids[style_compact.peer_idx as usize],
+                            cnt: style_compact.counter as Counter,
+                            key: state_arena.keywords[style_compact.key_idx as usize].clone(),
+                            info: TextStyleInfoFlag::from_u8(style_compact.style_info),
+                        }),
+                        if is_start {
+                            AnchorType::Start
+                        } else {
+                            AnchorType::End
+                        },
+                    ))
+                }
+            }
+
+            is_text = !is_text;
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn encode_snapshot(
+        &self,
+        record_peer: &mut impl FnMut(PeerID) -> u32,
+        record_key: &mut impl FnMut(&InternalString) -> usize,
+    ) -> EncodedRichtextState {
+        let mut len = Vec::new();
+        let mut text_ranges = Vec::new();
+        let mut styles = Vec::new();
+        let mut is_style_start = BitMap::new();
+
+        let mut is_last_style = false;
+        for chunk in self.iter_chunk() {
+            match chunk {
+                RichtextStateChunk::Text { text, unicode_len } => {
+                    if is_last_style || len.is_empty() {
+                        len.push(1);
+                    } else {
+                        *len.last_mut().unwrap() += 1;
+                    }
+
+                    is_last_style = false;
+                    text_ranges.push((text.start() as u32, text.end() as u32));
+                }
+                RichtextStateChunk::Style { style, anchor_type } => {
+                    if !is_last_style {
+                        len.push(1);
+                    } else {
+                        if len.is_empty() {
+                            // zero text chunk to switch to style mode
+                            len.push(0);
+                            len.push(0);
+                        }
+
+                        *len.last_mut().unwrap() += 1;
+                    }
+
+                    is_style_start.push(*anchor_type == AnchorType::Start);
+                    styles.push(loro_preload::CompactStyleOp {
+                        peer_idx: record_peer(style.peer),
+                        key_idx: record_key(&style.key) as u32,
+                        counter: style.cnt as u32,
+                        lamport: style.lamport,
+                        style_info: style.info.to_u8(),
+                    })
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        EncodedRichtextState {
+            len,
+            text: text_ranges,
+            styles,
+            is_style_start: is_style_start.into_vec(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub(crate) struct RichtextStateLoader<'a> {
+    state: &'a mut RichtextState,
+    start_anchor_pos: FxHashMap<ID, usize>,
+}
+
+impl<'a> RichtextStateLoader<'a> {
+    pub fn push(&mut self, elem: RichtextStateChunk) {}
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
index a005d746a..a95e0adab 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
@@ -325,7 +325,12 @@ fn change_to_diff(
                             InnerListOp::Delete(..) => {
                                 Diff::SeqRawUtf16(Delta::new().retain(*pos).delete(*len))
                             }
-                            InnerListOp::StyleStart { start, end, style } => unimplemented!(),
+                            InnerListOp::StyleStart {
+                                start,
+                                end,
+                                key,
+                                info,
+                            } => unimplemented!(),
                             InnerListOp::StyleEnd => unimplemented!(),
                         },
                     }
@@ -346,7 +351,12 @@ fn change_to_diff(
                                 .retain(del.pos as usize)
                                 .delete(del.len as usize),
                         ),
-                        InnerListOp::StyleStart { start, end, style } => unimplemented!(),
+                        InnerListOp::StyleStart {
+                            start,
+                            end,
+                            key,
+                            info,
+                        } => unimplemented!(),
                         InnerListOp::StyleEnd => unimplemented!(),
                     },
                     crate::op::InnerContent::Map(map) => {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/utils/bitmap.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/utils/bitmap.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4e3e0c584
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/utils/bitmap.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct BitMap {
+    vec: Vec<u8>,
+    len: usize,
+}
+
+impl BitMap {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            vec: Vec::new(),
+            len: 0,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn from_vec(vec: Vec<u8>, len: usize) -> Self {
+        Self { vec, len }
+    }
+
+    pub fn into_vec(self) -> Vec<u8> {
+        self.vec
+    }
+
+    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.len
+    }
+
+    pub fn push(&mut self, v: bool) {
+        if self.len % 8 == 0 {
+            self.vec.push(0);
+        }
+        if v {
+            self.vec[self.len / 8] |= 1 << (self.len % 8);
+        }
+        self.len += 1;
+    }
+
+    pub fn get(&self, index: usize) -> bool {
+        if index >= self.len {
+            panic!("index out of range");
+        }
+        self.vec[index / 8] & (1 << (index % 8)) != 0
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/utils/mod.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/utils/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..60e2636bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/utils/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pub(crate) mod bitmap;
diff --git a/crates/loro-preload/src/encode.rs b/crates/loro-preload/src/encode.rs
index 08850dabc..77b742af9 100644
--- a/crates/loro-preload/src/encode.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-preload/src/encode.rs
@@ -5,6 +5,12 @@ use std::borrow::Cow;
 
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
+/// The final phase of the encoding process. It's also the first phase of the decoding process.
+///
+/// This data structure allows users to only load the state or the oplog.
+///
+/// - When only the state is needed, the `oplog` and `oplog_extra_arena` can be ignored.
+/// - When only the oplog is needed, the `app_state` can be ignored. (state_arena is still needed).
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct FinalPhase<'a> {
     #[serde(borrow)]
@@ -14,7 +20,7 @@ pub struct FinalPhase<'a> {
     #[serde(borrow)]
     pub state_arena: Cow<'a, [u8]>, // -> TempArena<'a>
     #[serde(borrow)]
-    pub oplog_extra_arena: Cow<'a, [u8]>, // -> TempArena<'a>，抛弃这部分则不能回溯历史
+    pub oplog_extra_arena: Cow<'a, [u8]>, // -> TempArena<'a>. Cannot have full history if this is dropped
     #[serde(borrow)]
     pub oplog: Cow<'a, [u8]>, // -> OpLog. Can be ignored if we only need state
 }
@@ -127,13 +133,31 @@ pub enum EncodedContainerState {
     Text { len: usize },
     Map(Vec<MapEntry>),
     List(Vec<usize>),
+    Richtext(EncodedRichtextState),
 }
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct EncodedRichtextState {
+    /// It's composed of interleaved:
+    ///
+    /// - len of text ranges
+    /// - len of styles anchors
+    pub len: Vec<u32>,
+    /// Text ranges in the [`TempArena`] `richtext` field
+    pub text: Vec<(u32, u32)>,
+    /// Style anchor index in the style arena
+    pub styles: Vec<CompactStyleOp>,
+    /// It is a start or end anchor. It's indexed by bit position.
+    pub is_style_start: Vec<u8>,
+}
+
 impl EncodedContainerState {
     pub fn container_type(&self) -> loro_common::ContainerType {
         match self {
             EncodedContainerState::Text { .. } => loro_common::ContainerType::Text,
             EncodedContainerState::Map(_) => loro_common::ContainerType::Map,
             EncodedContainerState::List(_) => loro_common::ContainerType::List,
+            EncodedContainerState::Richtext { .. } => loro_common::ContainerType::Richtext,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -147,10 +171,25 @@ pub struct MapEntry {
     pub lamport: u32,
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct CompactStyleOp {
+    /// index to the peer idx
+    pub peer_idx: u32,
+    /// index to the keywords idx
+    pub key_idx: u32,
+    pub counter: u32,
+    pub lamport: u32,
+    pub style_info: u8,
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct TempArena<'a> {
+    #[serde(borrow)]
+    pub richtext: Cow<'a, [u8]>,
+    // FIXME: remove this field
     #[serde(borrow)]
     pub text: Cow<'a, [u8]>,
+    // PERF: can we use a Cow here?
     pub keywords: Vec<InternalString>,
     pub values: Vec<LoroValue>,
 }

From 2b7863c83dd6024257a0c7b18961b7e798c31a77 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zixuan Chen <remch183@outlook.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Oct 2023 22:00:59 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 026/111] refactor: replace Text with Richtext

---
 crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs                 |  21 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/container.rs         |   2 -
 .../src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs  |  98 +++++-
 crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs         |  59 +---
 .../src/encoding/encode_changes.rs            |   2 +-
 .../src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs           |   2 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs             |   1 -
 crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz.rs              |   6 -
 .../src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs          |   6 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs           | 313 ++++--------------
 crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs              |  11 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs             |   2 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs   |  88 +----
 crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs             |  61 +---
 .../loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs |  64 +++-
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/text_state.rs  |  33 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs               |  32 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs             |  20 +-
 crates/loro-internal/tests/richtext.rs        |  14 +-
 crates/loro-preload/src/encode.rs             |   4 +-
 crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs                   |  18 +-
 21 files changed, 254 insertions(+), 603 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs b/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
index 30c8628a5..7801c5b89 100644
--- a/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
@@ -58,7 +58,6 @@ pub enum ContainerType {
     Text,
     Map,
     List,
-    Richtext,
     // TODO: Users can define their own container types.
     // Custom(u16),
 }
@@ -68,19 +67,17 @@ impl AsULE for ContainerType {
 
     fn to_unaligned(self) -> Self::ULE {
         match self {
-            ContainerType::Text => 0,
             ContainerType::Map => 1,
             ContainerType::List => 2,
-            ContainerType::Richtext => 3,
+            ContainerType::Text => 3,
         }
     }
 
     fn from_unaligned(unaligned: Self::ULE) -> Self {
         match unaligned {
-            0 => ContainerType::Text,
             1 => ContainerType::Map,
             2 => ContainerType::List,
-            3 => ContainerType::Richtext,
+            3 => ContainerType::Text,
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }
     }
@@ -89,28 +86,25 @@ impl AsULE for ContainerType {
 impl ContainerType {
     pub fn default_value(&self) -> LoroValue {
         match self {
-            ContainerType::Text => LoroValue::String(Arc::new(String::new())),
             ContainerType::Map => LoroValue::Map(Arc::new(Default::default())),
             ContainerType::List => LoroValue::List(Arc::new(Default::default())),
-            ContainerType::Richtext => LoroValue::List(Arc::new(Default::default())),
+            ContainerType::Text => LoroValue::List(Arc::new(Default::default())),
         }
     }
 
     pub fn to_u8(self) -> u8 {
         match self {
-            ContainerType::Text => 0,
             ContainerType::Map => 1,
             ContainerType::List => 2,
-            ContainerType::Richtext => 3,
+            ContainerType::Text => 3,
         }
     }
 
     pub fn from_u8(v: u8) -> Self {
         match v {
-            0 => ContainerType::Text,
             1 => ContainerType::Map,
             2 => ContainerType::List,
-            3 => ContainerType::Richtext,
+            3 => ContainerType::Text,
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }
     }
@@ -136,10 +130,9 @@ mod container {
     impl Display for ContainerType {
         fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
             f.write_str(match self {
-                ContainerType::Text => "Text",
                 ContainerType::Map => "Map",
                 ContainerType::List => "List",
-                ContainerType::Richtext => "Richtext",
+                ContainerType::Text => "Text",
             })
         }
     }
@@ -231,9 +224,9 @@ mod container {
 
         fn try_from(value: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
             match value {
-                "Text" => Ok(ContainerType::Text),
                 "Map" => Ok(ContainerType::Map),
                 "List" => Ok(ContainerType::List),
+                "Text" => Ok(ContainerType::Text),
                 _ => Err(LoroError::DecodeError(
                     ("Unknown container type".to_string() + value).into(),
                 )),
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container.rs
index 1036e3522..b52bc75ad 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container.rs
@@ -42,7 +42,6 @@ pub mod idx {
                 0 => ContainerType::Map,
                 1 => ContainerType::List,
                 2 => ContainerType::Text,
-                3 => ContainerType::Richtext,
                 _ => unreachable!(),
             }
         }
@@ -57,7 +56,6 @@ pub mod idx {
                 ContainerType::Map => 0,
                 ContainerType::List => 1,
                 ContainerType::Text => 2,
-                ContainerType::Richtext => 3,
             } << 28;
 
             Self(prefix | index)
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
index f557e7b6e..40713496b 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use append_only_bytes::BytesSlice;
 use fxhash::FxHashMap;
 use generic_btree::{
     rle::{HasLength, Mergeable, Sliceable},
-    BTree, BTreeTrait,
+    BTree, BTreeTrait, Query,
 };
 use loro_common::LoroValue;
 use serde::{ser::SerializeStruct, Serialize};
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use crate::{
 };
 
 // FIXME: Check splice and other things are using unicode index
-use self::query::{EntityQuery, EntityQueryT, UnicodeQuery};
+use self::query::{EntityQuery, EntityQueryT, UnicodeQuery, Utf16Query};
 
 use super::{
     query_by_len::{IndexQuery, QueryByLen},
@@ -285,6 +285,7 @@ pub(crate) fn utf16_to_unicode_index(s: &str, utf16_index: usize) -> Option<usiz
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
 struct Cache {
     unicode_len: i32,
+    bytes: i32,
     utf16_len: i32,
     entity_len: i32,
 }
@@ -292,6 +293,7 @@ struct Cache {
 impl AddAssign for Cache {
     fn add_assign(&mut self, rhs: Self) {
         self.unicode_len += rhs.unicode_len;
+        self.bytes += rhs.bytes;
         self.utf16_len += rhs.utf16_len;
         self.entity_len += rhs.entity_len;
     }
@@ -302,6 +304,7 @@ impl Add for Cache {
 
     fn add(self, rhs: Self) -> Self::Output {
         Self {
+            bytes: self.bytes + rhs.bytes,
             unicode_len: self.unicode_len + rhs.unicode_len,
             utf16_len: self.utf16_len + rhs.utf16_len,
             entity_len: self.entity_len + rhs.entity_len,
@@ -314,6 +317,7 @@ impl Sub for Cache {
 
     fn sub(self, rhs: Self) -> Self::Output {
         Self {
+            bytes: self.bytes - rhs.bytes,
             unicode_len: self.unicode_len - rhs.unicode_len,
             utf16_len: self.utf16_len - rhs.utf16_len,
             entity_len: self.entity_len - rhs.entity_len,
@@ -355,11 +359,13 @@ impl BTreeTrait for RichtextTreeTrait {
     fn get_elem_cache(elem: &Self::Elem) -> Self::Cache {
         match elem {
             RichtextStateChunk::Text { unicode_len, text } => Cache {
+                bytes: text.len() as i32,
                 unicode_len: *unicode_len,
                 utf16_len: count_utf16_chars(text) as i32,
                 entity_len: *unicode_len,
             },
             RichtextStateChunk::Style { .. } => Cache {
+                bytes: 0,
                 unicode_len: 0,
                 utf16_len: 0,
                 entity_len: 1,
@@ -373,6 +379,7 @@ impl BTreeTrait for RichtextTreeTrait {
 
     fn sub_cache(cache_lhs: &Self::Cache, cache_rhs: &Self::Cache) -> Self::CacheDiff {
         Cache {
+            bytes: cache_lhs.bytes - cache_rhs.bytes,
             unicode_len: cache_lhs.unicode_len - cache_rhs.unicode_len,
             utf16_len: cache_lhs.utf16_len - cache_rhs.utf16_len,
             entity_len: cache_lhs.entity_len - cache_rhs.entity_len,
@@ -517,7 +524,9 @@ impl RichtextState {
             return 0;
         }
 
-        let right = self.find_best_insert_pos_from_unicode_index(pos).unwrap();
+        let right = self
+            .find_best_insert_pos_from_unicode_index::<UnicodeQuery>(pos)
+            .unwrap();
         let right = self.tree.prefer_left(right).unwrap_or(right);
         let entity_index = self.get_entity_index_from_path(right);
         let insert_pos = right;
@@ -532,7 +541,20 @@ impl RichtextState {
             return 0;
         }
 
-        let right = self.find_best_insert_pos_from_unicode_index(pos).unwrap();
+        let right = self
+            .find_best_insert_pos_from_unicode_index::<UnicodeQuery>(pos)
+            .unwrap();
+        self.get_entity_index_from_path(right)
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn get_entity_index_for_utf16_insert_pos(&self, pos: usize) -> usize {
+        if self.tree.is_empty() {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        let right = self
+            .find_best_insert_pos_from_unicode_index::<Utf16Query>(pos)
+            .unwrap();
         self.get_entity_index_from_path(right)
     }
 
@@ -571,7 +593,10 @@ impl RichtextState {
     ///
     /// The current method will scan forward to find the last position that satisfies 1 and 2.
     /// Then it scans backward to find the first position that satisfies 3.
-    fn find_best_insert_pos_from_unicode_index(&self, pos: usize) -> Option<generic_btree::Cursor> {
+    fn find_best_insert_pos_from_unicode_index<Q: Query<RichtextTreeTrait, QueryArg = usize>>(
+        &self,
+        pos: usize,
+    ) -> Option<generic_btree::Cursor> {
         if self.tree.is_empty() {
             return None;
         }
@@ -583,7 +608,7 @@ impl RichtextState {
         let mut iter = if pos == 0 {
             self.tree.start_cursor()
         } else {
-            let q = self.tree.query::<UnicodeQuery>(&(pos - 1)).unwrap();
+            let q = self.tree.query::<Q>(&(pos - 1)).unwrap();
             match self.tree.shift_path_by_one_offset(q.cursor) {
                 Some(x) => x,
                 // If next is None, we know the range is empty, return directly
@@ -592,7 +617,7 @@ impl RichtextState {
         };
 
         // Find the end of the range
-        let right = self.tree.query::<UnicodeQuery>(&pos).unwrap().cursor;
+        let right = self.tree.query::<Q>(&pos).unwrap().cursor;
         if iter == right {
             // no style anchor between unicode index (pos-1) and (pos)
             return Some(iter);
@@ -719,6 +744,7 @@ impl RichtextState {
         removed_entity_ranges
     }
 
+    // TODO: refactor extract common code
     pub(crate) fn get_text_entity_ranges_in_unicode_range(
         &self,
         mut pos: usize,
@@ -761,6 +787,44 @@ impl RichtextState {
         ans
     }
 
+    pub(crate) fn get_text_entity_ranges_in_utf16_range(
+        &self,
+        mut pos: usize,
+        mut len: usize,
+    ) -> Vec<Range<usize>> {
+        if self.tree.is_empty() {
+            return Vec::new();
+        }
+
+        pos = pos.min(self.len_utf16());
+        len = len.min(self.len_utf16() - pos);
+        if len == 0 {
+            return Vec::new();
+        }
+
+        let mut ans = Vec::new();
+        let start = self.tree.query::<Utf16Query>(&pos).unwrap().cursor;
+        let end = self.tree.query::<Utf16Query>(&(pos + len)).unwrap().cursor;
+        let mut entity_index = self.get_entity_index_from_path(start);
+        for span in self.tree.iter_range(start..end) {
+            let start = span.start.unwrap_or(0);
+            let end = span.end.unwrap_or(span.elem.rle_len());
+            let len = end - start;
+            match span.elem {
+                RichtextStateChunk::Text { unicode_len, .. } => {
+                    ans.push(entity_index..entity_index + len);
+                    entity_index += *unicode_len as usize;
+                }
+                RichtextStateChunk::Style { .. } => {
+                    ans.push(entity_index..entity_index + 1);
+                    entity_index += 1;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        ans
+    }
+
     /// This is used to accept changes from DiffCalculator
     pub(crate) fn drain_by_entity_index(
         &mut self,
@@ -801,7 +865,7 @@ impl RichtextState {
         }
 
         let end_pos = self
-            .find_best_insert_pos_from_unicode_index(range.end)
+            .find_best_insert_pos_from_unicode_index::<UnicodeQuery>(range.end)
             .unwrap();
         let end_entity_index = self.get_entity_index_from_path(end_pos);
         self.tree.insert_by_path(
@@ -810,7 +874,7 @@ impl RichtextState {
         );
 
         let start_pos = self
-            .find_best_insert_pos_from_unicode_index(range.start)
+            .find_best_insert_pos_from_unicode_index::<UnicodeQuery>(range.start)
             .unwrap();
         let start_entity_index = self.get_entity_index_from_path(start_pos);
         self.tree.insert_by_path(
@@ -932,17 +996,27 @@ impl RichtextState {
         dbg!(&self.style_ranges);
     }
 
-    #[inline]
+    #[inline(always)]
     pub fn len_unicode(&self) -> usize {
         self.tree.root_cache().unicode_len as usize
     }
 
-    #[inline]
+    #[inline(always)]
     pub fn len_utf16(&self) -> usize {
         self.tree.root_cache().utf16_len as usize
     }
 
-    #[inline]
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn len_utf8(&self) -> usize {
+        self.tree.root_cache().bytes as usize
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn is_emtpy(&self) -> bool {
+        self.tree.root_cache().bytes == 0
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
     pub fn len_entity(&self) -> usize {
         self.tree.root_cache().entity_len as usize
     }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
index 70687fcf8..063f8b131 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
@@ -121,14 +121,9 @@ impl DiffCalculator {
                     let calculator =
                         self.calculators.entry(op.container).or_insert_with(|| {
                             match op.container.get_type() {
-                                crate::ContainerType::Text => {
-                                    ContainerDiffCalculator::Text(TextDiffCalculator::default())
-                                }
-                                crate::ContainerType::Richtext => {
-                                    ContainerDiffCalculator::Richtext(
-                                        RichtextDiffCalculator::default(),
-                                    )
-                                }
+                                crate::ContainerType::Text => ContainerDiffCalculator::Richtext(
+                                    RichtextDiffCalculator::default(),
+                                ),
                                 crate::ContainerType::Map => {
                                     ContainerDiffCalculator::Map(MapDiffCalculator::new())
                                 }
@@ -230,25 +225,11 @@ pub trait DiffCalculatorTrait {
 #[enum_dispatch(DiffCalculatorTrait)]
 #[derive(Debug)]
 enum ContainerDiffCalculator {
-    Text(TextDiffCalculator),
     Map(MapDiffCalculator),
     List(ListDiffCalculator),
     Richtext(RichtextDiffCalculator),
 }
 
-#[derive(Default)]
-struct TextDiffCalculator {
-    tracker: Tracker,
-}
-
-impl std::fmt::Debug for TextDiffCalculator {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        f.debug_struct("TextDiffCalculator")
-            // .field("tracker", &self.tracker)
-            .finish()
-    }
-}
-
 #[derive(Debug, Default)]
 struct MapDiffCalculator {
     grouped: FxHashMap<InternalString, CompactRegister>,
@@ -432,40 +413,6 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for ListDiffCalculator {
     }
 }
 
-impl DiffCalculatorTrait for TextDiffCalculator {
-    fn start_tracking(&mut self, _oplog: &super::oplog::OpLog, vv: &crate::VersionVector) {
-        if !vv.includes_vv(self.tracker.start_vv()) || !self.tracker.all_vv().includes_vv(vv) {
-            self.tracker = Tracker::new(vv.clone(), Counter::MAX / 2);
-        }
-
-        self.tracker.checkout(vv);
-    }
-
-    fn apply_change(
-        &mut self,
-        _oplog: &super::oplog::OpLog,
-        op: crate::op::RichOp,
-        vv: Option<&crate::VersionVector>,
-    ) {
-        if let Some(vv) = vv {
-            self.tracker.checkout(vv);
-        }
-
-        self.tracker.track_apply(&op);
-    }
-
-    fn stop_tracking(&mut self, _oplog: &super::oplog::OpLog, _vv: &crate::VersionVector) {}
-
-    fn calculate_diff(
-        &mut self,
-        _oplog: &OpLog,
-        from: &crate::VersionVector,
-        to: &crate::VersionVector,
-    ) -> Diff {
-        Diff::SeqRaw(self.tracker.diff(from, to))
-    }
-}
-
 #[derive(Debug, Default)]
 struct RichtextDiffCalculator {
     start_vv: VersionVector,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs
index 48ab3af50..31c40eccb 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ pub(super) fn decode_changes_to_inner_format_oplog(
                         };
                         RawOpContent::List(list_op)
                     }
-                    ContainerType::Richtext => unimplemented!(),
+                    ContainerType::Text => unimplemented!(),
                 };
                 let remote_op = RemoteOp {
                     container: container_id,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs
index 7facf3acc..44beb1918 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs
@@ -475,7 +475,7 @@ pub fn decode_oplog_v2(oplog: &mut OpLog, input: &[u8]) -> Result<(), LoroError>
                             }
                         }
                     }
-                    ContainerType::Richtext => unimplemented!(),
+                    ContainerType::Text => unimplemented!(),
                 };
                 let remote_op = RemoteOp {
                     container: container_id,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs
index 2c1ea76ba..3a720d28a 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs
@@ -131,7 +131,6 @@ pub enum Index {
 pub enum Diff {
     List(Delta<Vec<LoroValue>>),
     SeqRaw(Delta<SliceRanges>),
-    SeqRawUtf16(Delta<SliceRanges>),
     /// This always uses entity indexes.
     RichtextRaw(Delta<RichtextStateChunk>),
     Text(Delta<String>),
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz.rs
index c5a5dcbb0..2204abc8c 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz.rs
@@ -177,9 +177,6 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<LoroDoc> {
         match action {
             Action::Ins { pos, site, .. } => {
                 *site %= self.len() as u8;
-                let app_state = &mut self[*site as usize].app_state().lock().unwrap();
-                let text = app_state.get_text("text").unwrap();
-                change_pos_to_char_boundary(pos, text.len());
             }
             Action::Del { pos, len, site } => {
                 *site %= self.len() as u8;
@@ -188,10 +185,7 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<LoroDoc> {
                 if text.is_empty() {
                     *len = 0;
                     *pos = 0;
-                    return;
                 }
-
-                change_delete_to_char_boundary(pos, len, text.len());
             }
             Action::Sync { from, to } => {
                 *from %= self.len() as u8;
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
index f7f51d81b..af0de1c3e 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ use crate::{
     ContainerType, LoroValue,
 };
 use crate::{
-    container::idx::ContainerIdx, handler::RichtextHandler, loro::LoroDoc, value::ToJson,
-    version::Frontiers, ApplyDiff, ListHandler, MapHandler, TextHandler,
+    container::idx::ContainerIdx, handler::TextHandler, loro::LoroDoc, value::ToJson,
+    version::Frontiers, ApplyDiff, ListHandler, MapHandler,
 };
 
 #[derive(Arbitrary, EnumAsInner, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ impl Actor {
             ContainerType::List => self
                 .list_containers
                 .push(ListHandler::new(idx, Arc::downgrade(self.loro.app_state()))),
-            ContainerType::Richtext => {
+            ContainerType::Text => {
                 // TODO richtext
             }
         }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
index bdb68fd03..dfc7895ea 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
@@ -7,8 +7,6 @@ use crate::{
         text::text_content::ListSlice,
     },
     delta::MapValue,
-    txn::EventHint,
-    InternalString,
 };
 use enum_as_inner::EnumAsInner;
 use loro_common::{ContainerID, ContainerType, LoroResult, LoroValue};
@@ -24,18 +22,6 @@ pub struct TextHandler {
 }
 
 impl std::fmt::Debug for TextHandler {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        f.write_str("TextHandler")
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct RichtextHandler {
-    container_idx: ContainerIdx,
-    state: Weak<Mutex<DocState>>,
-}
-
-impl std::fmt::Debug for RichtextHandler {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
         f.write_str("RichtextHandler")
     }
@@ -70,25 +56,22 @@ pub enum Handler {
     Text(TextHandler),
     Map(MapHandler),
     List(ListHandler),
-    Richtext(RichtextHandler),
 }
 
 impl Handler {
     pub fn container_idx(&self) -> ContainerIdx {
         match self {
-            Self::Text(x) => x.container_idx,
             Self::Map(x) => x.container_idx,
             Self::List(x) => x.container_idx,
-            Self::Richtext(x) => x.container_idx,
+            Self::Text(x) => x.container_idx,
         }
     }
 
     pub fn c_type(&self) -> ContainerType {
         match self {
-            Self::Text(_) => ContainerType::Text,
             Self::Map(_) => ContainerType::Map,
             Self::List(_) => ContainerType::List,
-            Self::Richtext(_) => ContainerType::Richtext,
+            Self::Text(_) => ContainerType::Text,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -96,10 +79,9 @@ impl Handler {
 impl Handler {
     fn new(value: ContainerIdx, state: Weak<Mutex<DocState>>) -> Self {
         match value.get_type() {
-            ContainerType::Text => Self::Text(TextHandler::new(value, state)),
             ContainerType::Map => Self::Map(MapHandler::new(value, state)),
             ContainerType::List => Self::List(ListHandler::new(value, state)),
-            ContainerType::Richtext => Self::Richtext(RichtextHandler::new(value, state)),
+            ContainerType::Text => Self::Text(TextHandler::new(value, state)),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -122,6 +104,17 @@ impl TextHandler {
             .get_value_by_idx(self.container_idx)
     }
 
+    pub fn get_richtext_value(&self) -> LoroValue {
+        self.state
+            .upgrade()
+            .unwrap()
+            .lock()
+            .unwrap()
+            .with_state(self.container_idx, |state| {
+                state.as_richtext_state().unwrap().get_richtext_value()
+            })
+    }
+
     pub fn id(&self) -> ContainerID {
         self.state
             .upgrade()
@@ -137,102 +130,51 @@ impl TextHandler {
         self.len_unicode() == 0
     }
 
-    pub fn len_utf16(&self) -> usize {
+    pub fn len_utf8(&self) -> usize {
         self.state
             .upgrade()
             .unwrap()
             .lock()
             .unwrap()
             .with_state(self.container_idx, |state| {
-                state.as_text_state().as_ref().unwrap().len_wchars()
+                state.as_richtext_state().unwrap().len_utf8()
             })
     }
 
-    pub fn len_unicode(&self) -> usize {
+    pub fn len_utf16(&self) -> usize {
         self.state
             .upgrade()
             .unwrap()
             .lock()
             .unwrap()
             .with_state(self.container_idx, |state| {
-                state.as_text_state().as_ref().unwrap().len_chars()
+                state.as_richtext_state().unwrap().len_utf16()
             })
     }
 
-    pub fn len_utf8(&self) -> usize {
+    pub fn len_unicode(&self) -> usize {
         self.state
             .upgrade()
             .unwrap()
             .lock()
             .unwrap()
             .with_state(self.container_idx, |state| {
-                state.as_text_state().as_ref().unwrap().len()
+                state.as_richtext_state().unwrap().len_unicode()
             })
     }
-}
-
-#[cfg(not(feature = "wasm"))]
-impl TextHandler {
-    #[inline(always)]
-    pub fn insert(&self, txn: &mut Transaction, pos: usize, s: &str) -> LoroResult<()> {
-        self.insert_unicode(txn, pos, s)
-    }
-
-    #[inline(always)]
-    pub fn delete(&self, txn: &mut Transaction, pos: usize, len: usize) -> LoroResult<()> {
-        self.delete_unicode(txn, pos, len)
-    }
-
-    pub fn insert_unicode(&self, txn: &mut Transaction, pos: usize, s: &str) -> LoroResult<()> {
-        if s.is_empty() {
-            return Ok(());
-        }
-
-        txn.apply_local_op(
-            self.container_idx,
-            crate::op::RawOpContent::List(crate::container::list::list_op::ListOp::Insert {
-                slice: ListSlice::RawStr {
-                    str: Cow::Borrowed(s),
-                    unicode_len: s.chars().count(),
-                },
-                pos,
-            }),
-            None,
-            &self.state,
-        )
-    }
-
-    pub fn delete_unicode(&self, txn: &mut Transaction, pos: usize, len: usize) -> LoroResult<()> {
-        if len == 0 {
-            return Ok(());
-        }
-
-        txn.apply_local_op(
-            self.container_idx,
-            crate::op::RawOpContent::List(ListOp::Delete(DeleteSpan {
-                pos: pos as isize,
-                len: len as isize,
-            })),
-            None,
-            &self.state,
-        )
-    }
 
     pub fn insert_utf16(&self, txn: &mut Transaction, pos: usize, s: &str) -> LoroResult<()> {
-        if s.is_empty() {
-            return Ok(());
-        }
-
-        let start =
+        let entity_index =
             self.state
                 .upgrade()
                 .unwrap()
                 .lock()
                 .unwrap()
                 .with_state(self.container_idx, |state| {
-                    let text_state = &state.as_text_state();
-                    let text = text_state.as_ref().unwrap();
-                    text.utf16_to_unicode(pos)
+                    state
+                        .as_richtext_state()
+                        .unwrap()
+                        .get_entity_index_for_text_insert_pos(pos)
                 });
 
         txn.apply_local_op(
@@ -242,70 +184,25 @@ impl TextHandler {
                     str: Cow::Borrowed(s),
                     unicode_len: s.chars().count(),
                 },
-                pos: start,
+                pos: entity_index,
             }),
             None,
             &self.state,
-        )?;
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    pub fn delete_utf16(&self, txn: &mut Transaction, pos: usize, del: usize) -> LoroResult<()> {
-        if del == 0 {
-            return Ok(());
-        }
-
-        let (start, end) =
-            self.state
-                .upgrade()
-                .unwrap()
-                .lock()
-                .unwrap()
-                .with_state(self.container_idx, |state| {
-                    let text_state = &state.as_text_state();
-                    let text = text_state.as_ref().unwrap();
-                    (text.utf16_to_unicode(pos), text.utf16_to_unicode(pos + del))
-                });
-        txn.apply_local_op(
-            self.container_idx,
-            crate::op::RawOpContent::List(ListOp::Delete(DeleteSpan {
-                pos: start as isize,
-                len: (end - start) as isize,
-            })),
-            None,
-            &self.state,
         )
     }
-}
-
-#[cfg(feature = "wasm")]
-impl TextHandler {
-    #[inline(always)]
-    pub fn delete(&self, txn: &mut Transaction, pos: usize, del: usize) -> LoroResult<()> {
-        self.delete_utf16(txn, pos, del)
-    }
 
-    #[inline(always)]
     pub fn insert(&self, txn: &mut Transaction, pos: usize, s: &str) -> LoroResult<()> {
-        self.insert_utf16(txn, pos, s)
-    }
-
-    pub fn insert_utf16(&self, txn: &mut Transaction, pos: usize, s: &str) -> LoroResult<()> {
-        if s.is_empty() {
-            return Ok(());
-        }
-
-        let start =
+        let entity_index =
             self.state
                 .upgrade()
                 .unwrap()
                 .lock()
                 .unwrap()
                 .with_state(self.container_idx, |state| {
-                    let text_state = &state.as_text_state();
-                    let text = text_state.as_ref().unwrap();
-                    text.utf16_to_unicode(pos)
+                    state
+                        .as_richtext_state()
+                        .unwrap()
+                        .get_entity_index_for_text_insert_pos(pos)
                 });
 
         txn.apply_local_op(
@@ -315,109 +212,15 @@ impl TextHandler {
                     str: Cow::Borrowed(s),
                     unicode_len: s.chars().count(),
                 },
-                pos: start,
+                pos: entity_index,
             }),
-            Some(EventHint::Utf16 { pos, len: 0 }),
-            &self.state,
-        )
-    }
-
-    pub fn delete_utf16(&self, txn: &mut Transaction, pos: usize, del: usize) -> LoroResult<()> {
-        if del == 0 {
-            return Ok(());
-        }
-
-        let (start, end) =
-            self.state
-                .upgrade()
-                .unwrap()
-                .lock()
-                .unwrap()
-                .with_state(self.container_idx, |state| {
-                    let text_state = &state.as_text_state();
-                    let text = text_state.as_ref().unwrap();
-                    (text.utf16_to_unicode(pos), text.utf16_to_unicode(pos + del))
-                });
-        txn.apply_local_op(
-            self.container_idx,
-            crate::op::RawOpContent::List(ListOp::Delete(DeleteSpan {
-                pos: start as isize,
-                len: (end - start) as isize,
-            })),
-            Some(EventHint::Utf16 { pos, len: del }),
+            None,
             &self.state,
         )
     }
-}
-
-impl RichtextHandler {
-    pub fn new(idx: ContainerIdx, state: Weak<Mutex<DocState>>) -> Self {
-        assert_eq!(idx.get_type(), ContainerType::Richtext);
-        Self {
-            container_idx: idx,
-            state,
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn get_value(&self) -> LoroValue {
-        self.state
-            .upgrade()
-            .unwrap()
-            .lock()
-            .unwrap()
-            .get_value_by_idx(self.container_idx)
-    }
-
-    pub fn get_richtext_value(&self) -> LoroValue {
-        self.state
-            .upgrade()
-            .unwrap()
-            .lock()
-            .unwrap()
-            .with_state(self.container_idx, |state| {
-                state.as_richtext_state().unwrap().get_richtext_value()
-            })
-    }
-
-    pub fn id(&self) -> ContainerID {
-        self.state
-            .upgrade()
-            .unwrap()
-            .lock()
-            .unwrap()
-            .arena
-            .idx_to_id(self.container_idx)
-            .unwrap()
-    }
-
-    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
-        self.len_unicode() == 0
-    }
-
-    pub fn len_utf16(&self) -> usize {
-        self.state
-            .upgrade()
-            .unwrap()
-            .lock()
-            .unwrap()
-            .with_state(self.container_idx, |state| {
-                state.as_richtext_state().unwrap().len_utf16()
-            })
-    }
-
-    pub fn len_unicode(&self) -> usize {
-        self.state
-            .upgrade()
-            .unwrap()
-            .lock()
-            .unwrap()
-            .with_state(self.container_idx, |state| {
-                state.as_richtext_state().unwrap().len_unicode()
-            })
-    }
 
-    pub fn insert(&self, txn: &mut Transaction, pos: usize, s: &str) -> LoroResult<()> {
-        let entity_index =
+    pub fn delete(&self, txn: &mut Transaction, pos: usize, len: usize) -> LoroResult<()> {
+        let ranges =
             self.state
                 .upgrade()
                 .unwrap()
@@ -427,24 +230,26 @@ impl RichtextHandler {
                     state
                         .as_richtext_state()
                         .unwrap()
-                        .get_entity_index_for_text_insert_pos(pos)
+                        .get_text_entity_ranges_in_unicode_range(pos, len)
                 });
 
-        txn.apply_local_op(
-            self.container_idx,
-            crate::op::RawOpContent::List(crate::container::list::list_op::ListOp::Insert {
-                slice: ListSlice::RawStr {
-                    str: Cow::Borrowed(s),
-                    unicode_len: s.chars().count(),
-                },
-                pos: entity_index,
-            }),
-            None,
-            &self.state,
-        )
+        debug_log::debug_dbg!(&ranges, pos, len);
+        for range in ranges.iter().rev() {
+            txn.apply_local_op(
+                self.container_idx,
+                crate::op::RawOpContent::List(ListOp::Delete(DeleteSpan {
+                    pos: range.start as isize,
+                    len: (range.end - range.start) as isize,
+                })),
+                None,
+                &self.state,
+            )?;
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
     }
 
-    pub fn delete(&self, txn: &mut Transaction, pos: usize, len: usize) -> LoroResult<()> {
+    pub fn delete_utf16(&self, txn: &mut Transaction, pos: usize, len: usize) -> LoroResult<()> {
         let ranges =
             self.state
                 .upgrade()
@@ -455,7 +260,7 @@ impl RichtextHandler {
                     state
                         .as_richtext_state()
                         .unwrap()
-                        .get_text_entity_ranges_in_unicode_range(pos, len)
+                        .get_text_entity_ranges_in_utf16_range(pos, len)
                 });
 
         debug_log::debug_dbg!(&ranges, pos, len);
@@ -929,14 +734,14 @@ mod test {
         loro2.set_peer_id(2);
 
         let mut txn = loro.txn().unwrap();
-        let text = txn.get_richtext("hello");
+        let text = txn.get_text("hello");
         text.insert(&mut txn, 0, "hello").unwrap();
         txn.commit().unwrap();
         let exported = loro.export_from(&Default::default());
 
         loro2.import(&exported).unwrap();
         let mut txn = loro2.txn().unwrap();
-        let text = txn.get_richtext("hello");
+        let text = txn.get_text("hello");
         assert_eq!(&**text.get_value().as_string().unwrap(), "hello");
         text.insert(&mut txn, 5, " world").unwrap();
         assert_eq!(&**text.get_value().as_string().unwrap(), "hello world");
@@ -945,7 +750,7 @@ mod test {
         loro.import(&loro2.export_from(&Default::default()))
             .unwrap();
         let txn = loro.txn().unwrap();
-        let text = txn.get_richtext("hello");
+        let text = txn.get_text("hello");
         assert_eq!(&**text.get_value().as_string().unwrap(), "hello world");
         txn.commit().unwrap();
 
@@ -958,7 +763,7 @@ mod test {
     fn richtext_handler_concurrent() {
         let loro = LoroDoc::new();
         let mut txn = loro.txn().unwrap();
-        let handler = loro.get_richtext("richtext");
+        let handler = loro.get_text("richtext");
         handler.insert(&mut txn, 0, "hello").unwrap();
         txn.commit().unwrap();
         for i in 0..100 {
@@ -967,7 +772,7 @@ mod test {
                 .import(&loro.export_from(&Default::default()))
                 .unwrap();
             let mut txn = new_loro.txn().unwrap();
-            let handler = new_loro.get_richtext("richtext");
+            let handler = new_loro.get_text("richtext");
             handler.insert(&mut txn, i % 5, &i.to_string()).unwrap();
             txn.commit().unwrap();
             loro.import(&new_loro.export_from(&loro.oplog_vv()))
@@ -979,7 +784,7 @@ mod test {
     fn richtext_handler_mark() {
         let loro = LoroDoc::new();
         let mut txn = loro.txn().unwrap();
-        let handler = loro.get_richtext("richtext");
+        let handler = loro.get_text("richtext");
         handler.insert(&mut txn, 0, "hello world").unwrap();
         handler
             .mark(&mut txn, 0, 5, "bold".into(), TextStyleInfoFlag::BOLD)
@@ -997,7 +802,7 @@ mod test {
         loro2
             .import(&loro.export_from(&Default::default()))
             .unwrap();
-        let handler2 = loro2.get_richtext("richtext");
+        let handler2 = loro2.get_text("richtext");
         assert_eq!(
             handler2.get_value().as_string().unwrap().deref(),
             "hello world"
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs
index b036bd9af..4ef1a51ba 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use crate::{
     change::Timestamp,
     container::{idx::ContainerIdx, IntoContainerId},
     encoding::{EncodeMode, ENCODE_SCHEMA_VERSION, MAGIC_BYTES},
-    handler::RichtextHandler,
+    handler::TextHandler,
     id::PeerID,
     version::Frontiers,
     InternalString, LoroError, VersionVector,
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ use super::{
     snapshot_encode::{decode_app_snapshot, encode_app_snapshot},
     state::DocState,
     txn::Transaction,
-    ListHandler, MapHandler, TextHandler,
+    ListHandler, MapHandler,
 };
 
 /// `LoroApp` serves as the library's primary entry point.
@@ -302,13 +302,6 @@ impl LoroDoc {
         TextHandler::new(idx, Arc::downgrade(&self.state))
     }
 
-    /// id can be a str, ContainerID, or ContainerIdRaw.
-    /// if it's str it will use Root container, which will not be None
-    pub fn get_richtext<I: IntoContainerId>(&self, id: I) -> RichtextHandler {
-        let idx = self.get_container_idx(id, ContainerType::Richtext);
-        RichtextHandler::new(idx, Arc::downgrade(&self.state))
-    }
-
     /// id can be a str, ContainerID, or ContainerIdRaw.
     /// if it's str it will use Root container, which will not be None
     pub fn get_list<I: IntoContainerId>(&self, id: I) -> ListHandler {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
index 907e68340..e3742a842 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ impl OpLog {
         match &op.content {
             crate::op::InnerContent::List(list) => match list {
                 list_op::InnerListOp::Insert { slice, pos } => match container.container_type() {
-                    loro_common::ContainerType::Text | loro_common::ContainerType::Richtext => {
+                    loro_common::ContainerType::Text => {
                         let str = self
                             .arena
                             .slice_str(slice.0.start as usize..slice.0.end as usize);
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
index 3921d9b33..9d7fc6416 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ use super::{
     arena::SharedArena,
     loro::LoroDoc,
     oplog::OpLog,
-    state::{DocState, ListState, MapState, State, TextState},
+    state::{DocState, ListState, MapState, State},
 };
 
 pub fn encode_app_snapshot(app: &LoroDoc) -> Vec<u8> {
@@ -102,13 +102,10 @@ pub fn decode_oplog(
             let container = common.container_ids[encoded_op.container as usize].clone();
             let container_idx = arena.register_container(&container);
             let op = match container.container_type() {
-                loro_common::ContainerType::Text
-                | loro_common::ContainerType::List
-                | loro_common::ContainerType::Richtext => {
+                loro_common::ContainerType::List | loro_common::ContainerType::Text => {
                     let op = match container.container_type() {
                         ContainerType::List => encoded_op.get_list(),
-                        ContainerType::Text => encoded_op.get_text(),
-                        ContainerType::Richtext => encoded_op.get_richtext(),
+                        ContainerType::Text => encoded_op.get_richtext(),
                         _ => unreachable!(),
                     };
 
@@ -129,18 +126,6 @@ pub fn decode_oplog(
                         SnapshotOp::Map { .. } => {
                             unreachable!()
                         }
-                        SnapshotOp::TextInsert { pos, len } => {
-                            let op = Op::new(
-                                id,
-                                InnerContent::List(InnerListOp::new_insert(
-                                    text_idx..text_idx + (len as u32),
-                                    pos,
-                                )),
-                                container_idx,
-                            );
-                            text_idx += len as u32;
-                            op
-                        }
                         SnapshotOp::RichtextStyleStart { start, end } => {
                             let style = style_iter.next().unwrap();
                             let key = keys[style.key_idx as usize].clone();
@@ -254,16 +239,6 @@ pub fn decode_state<'b>(
             (*parent).map(|x| ContainerIdx::from_index_and_type(x, state.container_type()));
         arena.set_parent(idx, parent_idx);
         match state {
-            loro_preload::EncodedContainerState::Text { len } => {
-                let index = text_index;
-                container_states.insert(
-                    idx,
-                    State::TextState(TextState::from_str(
-                        std::str::from_utf8(&state_arena.text[index..index + len]).unwrap(),
-                    )),
-                );
-                text_index += len;
-            }
             loro_preload::EncodedContainerState::Map(map_data) => {
                 let mut map = MapState::new(idx);
                 for entry in map_data.iter() {
@@ -294,7 +269,7 @@ pub fn decode_state<'b>(
                 container_states.insert(idx, State::ListState(list));
             }
             loro_preload::EncodedContainerState::Richtext(richtext_data) => {
-                let mut richtext = RichtextState::new();
+                let mut richtext = RichtextState::new(idx);
                 richtext.decode_snapshot(richtext_data, &state_arena, &common, &arena);
                 container_states.insert(idx, State::RichtextState(richtext));
             }
@@ -399,10 +374,6 @@ enum SnapshotOp {
         start: usize,
         len: usize,
     },
-    TextInsert {
-        pos: usize,
-        len: usize,
-    },
     ListInsert {
         pos: usize,
         value_idx: u32,
@@ -441,20 +412,6 @@ impl EncodedSnapshotOp {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn get_text(&self) -> SnapshotOp {
-        if self.is_del {
-            SnapshotOp::TextOrListDelete {
-                pos: self.prop,
-                len: self.len as isize,
-            }
-        } else {
-            SnapshotOp::TextInsert {
-                pos: self.prop,
-                len: self.len as usize,
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
     pub fn get_list(&self) -> SnapshotOp {
         if self.is_del {
             SnapshotOp::TextOrListDelete {
@@ -512,14 +469,6 @@ impl EncodedSnapshotOp {
                     value,
                 }
             }
-            SnapshotOp::TextInsert { pos, len } => Self {
-                container,
-                prop: pos,
-                prop2: 0,
-                len: len as i64,
-                is_del: false,
-                value: 0,
-            },
             SnapshotOp::RichtextStyleStart { start, end } => Self {
                 container,
                 prop: start,
@@ -646,14 +595,6 @@ fn preprocess_app_state(app_state: &DocState) -> PreEncodedState {
                     .collect();
                 encoded.states.push(EncodedContainerState::Map(v))
             }
-            State::TextState(text) => {
-                for span in text.iter() {
-                    bytes.extend_from_slice(span.as_bytes());
-                }
-                encoded
-                    .states
-                    .push(EncodedContainerState::Text { len: text.len() })
-            }
             State::RichtextState(text) => {
                 let result = text.encode_snapshot(&mut record_peer, &mut record_key);
                 encoded.states.push(EncodedContainerState::Richtext(result));
@@ -736,12 +677,6 @@ fn encode_oplog(oplog: &OpLog, state_ref: Option<PreEncodedState>) -> FinalPhase
         peers.len() as u32 - 1
     };
 
-    let mut record_str = |s: &[u8], pos: usize, container_idx: u32| {
-        bytes.extend_from_slice(s);
-        let ans = SnapshotOp::TextInsert { pos, len: s.len() };
-        EncodedSnapshotOp::from(ans, container_idx)
-    };
-
     let mut styles = Vec::new();
     // Add all changes
     let mut changes: Vec<&Change> = Vec::with_capacity(oplog.len_changes());
@@ -764,19 +699,6 @@ fn encode_oplog(oplog: &OpLog, state_ref: Option<PreEncodedState>) -> FinalPhase
             match &op.content {
                 InnerContent::List(list) => match list {
                     InnerListOp::Insert { slice, pos } => match op.container.get_type() {
-                        loro_common::ContainerType::Text => {
-                            let range = slice.0.start as usize..slice.0.end as usize;
-                            let mut pos = *pos;
-                            oplog.arena.with_text_slice(range, |slice| {
-                                encoded_ops.push(record_str(
-                                    slice.as_bytes(),
-                                    pos,
-                                    op.container.to_index(),
-                                ));
-
-                                pos += slice.chars().count();
-                            })
-                        }
                         loro_common::ContainerType::List => {
                             let values = oplog
                                 .arena
@@ -794,7 +716,7 @@ fn encode_oplog(oplog: &OpLog, state_ref: Option<PreEncodedState>) -> FinalPhase
                                 pos += 1;
                             }
                         }
-                        loro_common::ContainerType::Richtext => {
+                        loro_common::ContainerType::Text => {
                             encoded_ops.push(EncodedSnapshotOp::from(
                                 SnapshotOp::RichtextInsert {
                                     pos: *pos,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
index 1d704fe6a..dd85a2b55 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
@@ -85,7 +85,6 @@ pub trait ContainerState: Clone {
 pub enum State {
     ListState,
     MapState,
-    TextState,
     RichtextState,
 }
 
@@ -100,8 +99,9 @@ impl State {
         Self::MapState(MapState::new(idx))
     }
 
-    pub fn new_text() -> Self {
-        Self::TextState(TextState::default())
+    #[allow(unused)]
+    pub fn new_richtext(idx: ContainerIdx) -> Self {
+        Self::RichtextState(RichtextState::new(idx))
     }
 }
 
@@ -309,10 +309,9 @@ impl DocState {
             .get(&container_idx)
             .map(|x| x.get_value())
             .unwrap_or_else(|| match container_idx.get_type() {
-                ContainerType::Text => LoroValue::String(Arc::new(Default::default())),
                 ContainerType::Map => LoroValue::Map(Arc::new(Default::default())),
                 ContainerType::List => LoroValue::List(Arc::new(Default::default())),
-                ContainerType::Richtext => LoroValue::List(Arc::new(Default::default())),
+                ContainerType::Text => LoroValue::List(Arc::new(Default::default())),
             })
     }
 
@@ -358,7 +357,10 @@ impl DocState {
 
     /// id can be a str, ContainerID, or ContainerIdRaw.
     /// if it's str it will use Root container, which will not be None
-    pub fn get_text<I: Into<ContainerIdRaw>>(&mut self, id: I) -> Option<&text_state::TextState> {
+    pub fn get_text<I: Into<ContainerIdRaw>>(
+        &mut self,
+        id: I,
+    ) -> Option<&richtext_state::RichtextState> {
         let id: ContainerIdRaw = id.into();
         let idx = match id {
             ContainerIdRaw::Root { name } => Some(self.arena.register_container(
@@ -375,8 +377,8 @@ impl DocState {
         let idx = idx.unwrap();
         self.states
             .entry(idx)
-            .or_insert_with(State::new_text)
-            .as_text_state()
+            .or_insert_with(|| State::new_richtext(idx))
+            .as_richtext_state()
     }
 
     #[inline(always)]
@@ -637,48 +639,10 @@ impl DocState {
     pub(crate) fn convert_raw(&self, diff: &mut Diff, idx: ContainerIdx) {
         let seq = match diff {
             Diff::SeqRaw(seq) => seq,
-            Diff::SeqRawUtf16(seq) => seq,
             _ => return,
         };
 
         match idx.get_type() {
-            ContainerType::Text => {
-                let mut ans: Delta<String> = Delta::new();
-                let mut index = 0;
-                for span in seq.iter() {
-                    match span {
-                        crate::delta::DeltaItem::Retain { len, .. } => {
-                            ans.push(DeltaItem::Retain {
-                                len: *len,
-                                meta: (),
-                            });
-                            index += len;
-                        }
-                        crate::delta::DeltaItem::Insert { value, .. } => {
-                            let len = value.0.iter().fold(0, |acc, cur| acc + cur.0.len());
-                            let mut s = String::with_capacity(len);
-                            for slice in value.0.iter() {
-                                self.arena.with_text_slice(
-                                    slice.0.start as usize..slice.0.end as usize,
-                                    |slice| {
-                                        s.push_str(slice);
-                                    },
-                                )
-                            }
-                            ans.push(DeltaItem::Insert { value: s, meta: () });
-                            index += len;
-                        }
-                        crate::delta::DeltaItem::Delete { len, .. } => {
-                            ans.push(DeltaItem::Delete {
-                                len: *len,
-                                meta: (),
-                            });
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-
-                *diff = Diff::Text(ans);
-            }
             ContainerType::List => {
                 let mut list: Delta<Vec<LoroValue>> = Delta::new();
 
@@ -704,17 +668,16 @@ impl DocState {
                 *diff = Diff::List(list);
             }
             ContainerType::Map => unreachable!(),
-            ContainerType::Richtext => unimplemented!(),
+            ContainerType::Text => unimplemented!(),
         }
     }
 }
 
 pub fn create_state(idx: ContainerIdx) -> State {
     match idx.get_type() {
-        ContainerType::Text => State::TextState(TextState::new()),
         ContainerType::Map => State::MapState(MapState::new(idx)),
         ContainerType::List => State::ListState(ListState::new(idx)),
-        ContainerType::Richtext => State::RichtextState(RichtextState::new()),
+        ContainerType::Text => State::RichtextState(RichtextState::new(idx)),
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
index 06fe7b65c..3dd10af9a 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,10 @@ use loro_preload::{CommonArena, EncodedRichtextState, TempArena};
 
 use crate::{
     arena::SharedArena,
-    container::richtext::{AnchorType, RichtextState as InnerState, StyleOp, TextStyleInfoFlag},
+    container::{
+        idx::ContainerIdx,
+        richtext::{AnchorType, RichtextState as InnerState, StyleOp, TextStyleInfoFlag},
+    },
     container::{list::list_op, richtext::richtext_state::RichtextStateChunk},
     delta::DeltaItem,
     event::Diff,
@@ -20,14 +23,38 @@ use super::ContainerState;
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct RichtextState {
+    idx: ContainerIdx,
     state: InnerState,
     in_txn: bool,
     undo_stack: Vec<UndoItem>,
 }
 
+impl RichtextState {
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn new(idx: ContainerIdx) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            idx,
+            state: Default::default(),
+            in_txn: false,
+            undo_stack: Default::default(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn to_string(&self) -> String {
+        self.state.to_string()
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub(crate) fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+        self.state.is_emtpy()
+    }
+}
+
 impl Clone for RichtextState {
     fn clone(&self) -> Self {
         Self {
+            idx: self.idx,
             state: self.state.clone(),
             in_txn: false,
             undo_stack: Vec::new(),
@@ -179,14 +206,6 @@ impl ContainerState for RichtextState {
 }
 
 impl RichtextState {
-    pub fn new() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            state: InnerState::default(),
-            in_txn: false,
-            undo_stack: Vec::new(),
-        }
-    }
-
     fn undo_all(&mut self) {
         while let Some(item) = self.undo_stack.pop() {
             match item {
@@ -210,22 +229,37 @@ impl RichtextState {
         }
     }
 
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn len_utf8(&self) -> usize {
+        self.state.len_utf8()
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
     pub fn len_utf16(&self) -> usize {
         self.state.len_utf16()
     }
 
+    #[inline(always)]
     pub fn len_entity(&self) -> usize {
         self.state.len_entity()
     }
 
+    #[inline(always)]
     pub fn len_unicode(&self) -> usize {
         self.state.len_unicode()
     }
 
+    #[inline(always)]
     pub(crate) fn get_entity_index_for_text_insert_pos(&self, pos: usize) -> usize {
         self.state.get_entity_index_for_text_insert_pos(pos)
     }
 
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub(crate) fn get_entity_index_for_utf16_insert_pos(&self, pos: usize) -> usize {
+        self.state.get_entity_index_for_utf16_insert_pos(pos)
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
     pub(crate) fn get_text_entity_ranges_in_unicode_range(
         &self,
         pos: usize,
@@ -234,10 +268,21 @@ impl RichtextState {
         self.state.get_text_entity_ranges_in_unicode_range(pos, len)
     }
 
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub(crate) fn get_text_entity_ranges_in_utf16_range(
+        &self,
+        pos: usize,
+        len: usize,
+    ) -> Vec<Range<usize>> {
+        self.state.get_text_entity_ranges_in_utf16_range(pos, len)
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
     pub fn get_richtext_value(&self) -> LoroValue {
         self.state.get_richtext_value()
     }
 
+    #[inline(always)]
     pub(crate) fn get_loader(&mut self) -> RichtextStateLoader {
         RichtextStateLoader {
             state: self,
@@ -245,6 +290,7 @@ impl RichtextState {
         }
     }
 
+    #[inline(always)]
     pub(crate) fn iter_chunk(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &RichtextStateChunk> {
         self.state.iter_chunk()
     }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/text_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/text_state.rs
index c3def321a..b189e163c 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/text_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/text_state.rs
@@ -284,38 +284,7 @@ impl TextState {
         delta: &mut Delta<SliceRanges>,
         arena: &SharedArena,
     ) -> Option<Diff> {
-        let mut new_delta = Delta::new();
-        let mut index = 0;
-        let mut utf16_index = 0;
-        for span in delta.iter() {
-            match span {
-                DeltaItem::Retain { len, meta: _ } => {
-                    index += len;
-                    let next_utf16_index = self.unicode_to_utf16(index);
-                    new_delta = new_delta.retain(next_utf16_index - utf16_index);
-                    utf16_index = next_utf16_index;
-                }
-                DeltaItem::Insert { value, .. } => {
-                    new_delta = new_delta.insert(value.clone());
-                    let start_utf16_len = self.len_wchars();
-                    for value in value.0.iter() {
-                        let range = value.0.start as usize..value.0.end as usize;
-                        arena.with_text_slice(range, |s| {
-                            self.insert_unicode(index, s);
-                            index += s.len();
-                        });
-                    }
-                    utf16_index += self.len_wchars() - start_utf16_len;
-                }
-                DeltaItem::Delete { len, .. } => {
-                    let start_utf16_len = self.len_wchars();
-                    self.delete_unicode(index..index + len);
-                    new_delta = new_delta.delete(start_utf16_len - self.len_wchars());
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        Some(Diff::SeqRawUtf16(new_delta))
+        todo!()
     }
 
     fn unicode_to_utf16(&self, index: usize) -> usize {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
index a95e0adab..07aad760b 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ use crate::{
     },
     delta::{Delta, MapValue},
     event::Diff,
-    handler::RichtextHandler,
+    handler::TextHandler,
     id::{Counter, PeerID, ID},
     op::{Op, RawOp, RawOpContent},
     span::HasIdSpan,
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ use crate::{
 use super::{
     arena::SharedArena,
     event::{InternalContainerDiff, InternalDocDiff},
-    handler::{ListHandler, MapHandler, TextHandler},
+    handler::{ListHandler, MapHandler},
     oplog::OpLog,
     state::{DocState, State},
 };
@@ -241,13 +241,6 @@ impl Transaction {
         TextHandler::new(idx, Arc::downgrade(&self.state))
     }
 
-    /// id can be a str, ContainerID, or ContainerIdRaw.
-    /// if it's str it will use Root container, which will not be None
-    pub fn get_richtext<I: IntoContainerId>(&self, id: I) -> RichtextHandler {
-        let idx = self.get_container_idx(id, ContainerType::Richtext);
-        RichtextHandler::new(idx, Arc::downgrade(&self.state))
-    }
-
     /// id can be a str, ContainerID, or ContainerIdRaw.
     /// if it's str it will use Root container, which will not be None
     pub fn get_list<I: IntoContainerId>(&self, id: I) -> ListHandler {
@@ -314,26 +307,7 @@ fn change_to_diff(
                 EventHint::Utf16 { pos, len } => {
                     // only use utf16 pos & len in wasm context
                     assert!(cfg!(feature = "wasm"));
-                    InternalContainerDiff {
-                        idx: op.container,
-                        diff: match op.content.as_list().unwrap() {
-                            InnerListOp::Insert { slice, .. } => Diff::SeqRawUtf16(
-                                Delta::new()
-                                    .retain(*pos)
-                                    .insert(SliceRanges(smallvec![slice.clone()])),
-                            ),
-                            InnerListOp::Delete(..) => {
-                                Diff::SeqRawUtf16(Delta::new().retain(*pos).delete(*len))
-                            }
-                            InnerListOp::StyleStart {
-                                start,
-                                end,
-                                key,
-                                info,
-                            } => unimplemented!(),
-                            InnerListOp::StyleEnd => unimplemented!(),
-                        },
-                    }
+                    todo!()
                 }
             }
         } else {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
index da099dd04..029df84b7 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
@@ -152,7 +152,6 @@ impl ApplyDiff for LoroValue {
             Diff::Map(_) => TypeHint::Map,
             Diff::NewMap(_) => TypeHint::Map,
             Diff::SeqRaw(_) => TypeHint::Text,
-            Diff::SeqRawUtf16(_) => TypeHint::Text,
             Diff::RichtextRaw(_) => TypeHint::Richtext,
         };
         {
@@ -195,10 +194,9 @@ impl ApplyDiff for LoroValue {
 fn unresolved_to_collection(v: &LoroValue) -> LoroValue {
     if let Some(container) = v.as_container() {
         match container.container_type() {
-            crate::ContainerType::Text => LoroValue::String(Default::default()),
             crate::ContainerType::Map => LoroValue::Map(Default::default()),
             crate::ContainerType::List => LoroValue::List(Default::default()),
-            crate::ContainerType::Richtext => LoroValue::List(Default::default()),
+            crate::ContainerType::Text => LoroValue::String(Default::default()),
         }
     } else {
         v.clone()
@@ -336,22 +334,6 @@ pub mod wasm {
                     )
                     .unwrap();
                 }
-                Diff::SeqRawUtf16(text) => {
-                    // set type as "text"
-                    js_sys::Reflect::set(
-                        &obj,
-                        &JsValue::from_str("type"),
-                        &JsValue::from_str("seq_raw_utf16"),
-                    )
-                    .unwrap();
-                    // set diff as array
-                    js_sys::Reflect::set(
-                        &obj,
-                        &JsValue::from_str("diff"),
-                        &serde_wasm_bindgen::to_value(&text).unwrap(),
-                    )
-                    .unwrap();
-                }
                 Diff::RichtextRaw(_) => todo!(),
             };
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/tests/richtext.rs b/crates/loro-internal/tests/richtext.rs
index 25ec708eb..d4dc4014a 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/tests/richtext.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/tests/richtext.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use loro_internal::{container::richtext::TextStyleInfoFlag, LoroDoc, ToJson};
 fn init(s: &str) -> LoroDoc {
     let doc = LoroDoc::default();
     doc.set_peer_id(1);
-    let richtext = doc.get_richtext("r");
+    let richtext = doc.get_text("r");
     doc.with_txn(|txn| richtext.insert(txn, 0, s)).unwrap();
     doc
 }
@@ -45,23 +45,23 @@ impl Kind {
 }
 
 fn insert(doc: &LoroDoc, pos: usize, s: &str) {
-    let richtext = doc.get_richtext("r");
+    let richtext = doc.get_text("r");
     doc.with_txn(|txn| richtext.insert(txn, pos, s)).unwrap();
 }
 
 fn delete(doc: &LoroDoc, pos: usize, len: usize) {
-    let richtext = doc.get_richtext("r");
+    let richtext = doc.get_text("r");
     doc.with_txn(|txn| richtext.delete(txn, pos, len)).unwrap();
 }
 
 fn mark(doc: &LoroDoc, range: Range<usize>, kind: Kind) {
-    let richtext = doc.get_richtext("r");
+    let richtext = doc.get_text("r");
     doc.with_txn(|txn| richtext.mark(txn, range.start, range.end, kind.key(), kind.flag()))
         .unwrap();
 }
 
 fn unmark(doc: &LoroDoc, range: Range<usize>, kind: Kind) {
-    let richtext = doc.get_richtext("r");
+    let richtext = doc.get_text("r");
     doc.with_txn(|txn| {
         richtext.mark(
             txn,
@@ -80,13 +80,13 @@ fn merge(a: &LoroDoc, b: &LoroDoc) {
 }
 
 fn expect_result(doc: &LoroDoc, json: &str) {
-    let richtext = doc.get_richtext("r");
+    let richtext = doc.get_text("r");
     let s = richtext.get_richtext_value().to_json();
     assert_eq!(&s, json);
 }
 
 fn expect_result_value(doc: &LoroDoc, json: serde_json::Value) {
-    let richtext = doc.get_richtext("r");
+    let richtext = doc.get_text("r");
     let s = richtext.get_richtext_value().to_json_value();
     assert_eq!(s, json);
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-preload/src/encode.rs b/crates/loro-preload/src/encode.rs
index 77b742af9..416e32f70 100644
--- a/crates/loro-preload/src/encode.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-preload/src/encode.rs
@@ -130,7 +130,6 @@ impl EncodedAppState {
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub enum EncodedContainerState {
-    Text { len: usize },
     Map(Vec<MapEntry>),
     List(Vec<usize>),
     Richtext(EncodedRichtextState),
@@ -154,10 +153,9 @@ pub struct EncodedRichtextState {
 impl EncodedContainerState {
     pub fn container_type(&self) -> loro_common::ContainerType {
         match self {
-            EncodedContainerState::Text { .. } => loro_common::ContainerType::Text,
             EncodedContainerState::Map(_) => loro_common::ContainerType::Map,
             EncodedContainerState::List(_) => loro_common::ContainerType::List,
-            EncodedContainerState::Richtext { .. } => loro_common::ContainerType::Richtext,
+            EncodedContainerState::Richtext { .. } => loro_common::ContainerType::Text,
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs b/crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs
index 24982ee27..de51b4c5c 100644
--- a/crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use loro_internal::{
     configure::SecureRandomGenerator,
     container::ContainerID,
     event::{Diff, Index},
-    handler::{ListHandler, MapHandler, RichtextHandler, TextHandler},
+    handler::{ListHandler, MapHandler, TextHandler},
     id::{Counter, ID},
     obs::SubID,
     txn::Transaction as Txn,
@@ -199,10 +199,6 @@ impl Loro {
         let container_id: ContainerID = container_id.to_owned().try_into()?;
         let ty = container_id.container_type();
         Ok(match ty {
-            ContainerType::Text => {
-                let text = self.0.get_text(container_id);
-                LoroText(text).into()
-            }
             ContainerType::Map => {
                 let map = self.0.get_map(container_id);
                 LoroMap(map).into()
@@ -211,8 +207,8 @@ impl Loro {
                 let list = self.0.get_list(container_id);
                 LoroList(list).into()
             }
-            ContainerType::Richtext => {
-                let richtext = self.0.get_richtext(container_id);
+            ContainerType::Text => {
+                let richtext = self.0.get_text(container_id);
                 LoroRichtext(richtext).into()
             }
         })
@@ -560,10 +556,9 @@ impl LoroMap {
         let c = self.0.insert_container(t, key, type_)?;
 
         let container = match type_ {
-            ContainerType::Text => LoroText(c.into_text().unwrap()).into(),
             ContainerType::Map => LoroMap(c.into_map().unwrap()).into(),
             ContainerType::List => LoroList(c.into_list().unwrap()).into(),
-            ContainerType::Richtext => LoroList(c.into_list().unwrap()).into(),
+            ContainerType::Text => LoroList(c.into_list().unwrap()).into(),
         };
         Ok(container)
     }
@@ -648,10 +643,9 @@ impl LoroList {
         let t = txn.as_mut()?;
         let c = self.0.insert_container(t, pos, _type)?;
         let container = match _type {
-            ContainerType::Text => LoroText(c.into_text().unwrap()).into(),
             ContainerType::Map => LoroMap(c.into_map().unwrap()).into(),
             ContainerType::List => LoroList(c.into_list().unwrap()).into(),
-            ContainerType::Richtext => LoroList(c.into_list().unwrap()).into(),
+            ContainerType::Text => LoroText(c.into_text().unwrap()).into(),
         };
         Ok(container)
     }
@@ -674,7 +668,7 @@ impl LoroList {
 }
 
 #[wasm_bindgen]
-pub struct LoroRichtext(RichtextHandler);
+pub struct LoroRichtext(TextHandler);
 
 #[wasm_bindgen(typescript_custom_section)]
 const TYPES: &'static str = r#"

From 044d7b47f44f4b00ef57098b5219549fbc61a5e3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zixuan Chen <remch183@outlook.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Oct 2023 22:18:16 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 027/111] refacotr: rm text code

---
 crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs             |  11 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/container.rs         |   2 +-
 .../src/container/list/list_op.rs             |   8 +-
 .../src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs  |   5 +-
 .../loro-internal/src/container/text/mod.rs   |   2 -
 .../src/container/text/text_content.rs        | 221 ------------
 .../src/container/text/tracker.rs             |   3 +-
 .../src/container/text/tracker/content_map.rs |   2 +-
 .../container/text/tracker/effects_iter.rs    |   2 +-
 .../src/container/text/tracker/y_span.rs      |   2 +-
 .../src/container/text/tracker/yata_impl.rs   |  16 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs         |   2 +-
 .../src/encoding/encode_changes.rs            |   3 +-
 .../src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs           |   3 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs             |   2 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs           |   2 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/op.rs                | 220 +++++++++++-
 crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs             |  14 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs             |   2 -
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs  |   4 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/text_state.rs  | 316 ------------------
 crates/loro-internal/src/tests/mod.rs         |   4 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs               |   7 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/utils/mod.rs         |   1 +
 .../src/{container/text => utils}/utf16.rs    |   0
 25 files changed, 258 insertions(+), 596 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 crates/loro-internal/src/container/text/text_content.rs
 delete mode 100644 crates/loro-internal/src/state/text_state.rs
 rename crates/loro-internal/src/{container/text => utils}/utf16.rs (100%)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs
index 9e7df77fc..8a85fd27e 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs
@@ -16,11 +16,10 @@ use crate::{
         list::list_op::{InnerListOp, ListOp},
         map::{InnerMapSet, MapSet},
         richtext::StyleOp,
-        text::text_content::SliceRange,
         ContainerID,
     },
     id::Counter,
-    op::{InnerContent, Op, RawOp, RawOpContent},
+    op::{InnerContent, ListSlice, Op, RawOp, RawOpContent, SliceRange},
     LoroValue,
 };
 
@@ -104,7 +103,7 @@ impl<'a> OpConverter<'a> {
             }
             crate::op::RawOpContent::List(list) => match list {
                 ListOp::Insert { slice, pos } => match slice {
-                    crate::text::text_content::ListSlice::RawData(values) => {
+                    ListSlice::RawData(values) => {
                         let range = _alloc_values(&mut self.values, values.iter().cloned());
                         Op {
                             counter,
@@ -115,7 +114,7 @@ impl<'a> OpConverter<'a> {
                             }),
                         }
                     }
-                    crate::text::text_content::ListSlice::RawStr {
+                    ListSlice::RawStr {
                         str,
                         unicode_len: _,
                     } => {
@@ -347,7 +346,7 @@ impl SharedArena {
             }
             crate::op::RawOpContent::List(list) => match list {
                 ListOp::Insert { slice, pos } => match slice {
-                    crate::text::text_content::ListSlice::RawData(values) => {
+                    ListSlice::RawData(values) => {
                         let range = self.alloc_values(values.iter().cloned());
                         Op {
                             counter,
@@ -358,7 +357,7 @@ impl SharedArena {
                             }),
                         }
                     }
-                    crate::text::text_content::ListSlice::RawStr {
+                    ListSlice::RawStr {
                         str,
                         unicode_len: _,
                     } => {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container.rs
index b52bc75ad..0c683ea4d 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container.rs
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ pub mod idx {
 pub mod list;
 pub mod map;
 pub mod richtext;
-pub mod text;
+pub(crate) mod text;
 
 use idx::ContainerIdx;
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/list/list_op.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/list/list_op.rs
index a71d429e3..fd8f9171e 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/list/list_op.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/list/list_op.rs
@@ -5,10 +5,8 @@ use rle::{HasLength, Mergable, Sliceable};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
 use crate::{
-    container::{
-        richtext::{StyleOp, TextStyleInfoFlag},
-        text::text_content::{ListSlice, SliceRange},
-    },
+    container::richtext::{StyleOp, TextStyleInfoFlag},
+    op::{ListSlice, SliceRange},
     InternalString,
 };
 
@@ -362,7 +360,7 @@ impl Sliceable for InnerListOp {
 mod test {
     use rle::{Mergable, Sliceable};
 
-    use crate::text::text_content::ListSlice;
+    use crate::op::ListSlice;
 
     use super::{DeleteSpan, ListOp};
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
index 40713496b..e84db9002 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
@@ -18,9 +18,8 @@ use std::{
 };
 
 use crate::{
-    container::{richtext::style_range_map::StyleValue, text::utf16::count_utf16_chars},
-    delta::DeltaValue,
-    InternalString,
+    container::richtext::style_range_map::StyleValue, delta::DeltaValue,
+    utils::utf16::count_utf16_chars, InternalString,
 };
 
 // FIXME: Check splice and other things are using unicode index
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/text/mod.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/text/mod.rs
index 83f16a75d..e660e7ebe 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/text/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/text/mod.rs
@@ -1,3 +1 @@
-pub mod text_content;
 pub mod tracker;
-pub(crate) mod utf16;
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/text/text_content.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/text/text_content.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index a14fbab06..000000000
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/text/text_content.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,221 +0,0 @@
-use std::{borrow::Cow, ops::Range};
-
-use enum_as_inner::EnumAsInner;
-use rle::{HasLength, Mergable, Sliceable};
-use serde::{ser::SerializeSeq, Deserialize, Serialize};
-use smallvec::{smallvec, SmallVec};
-
-use crate::{delta::DeltaValue, LoroValue};
-
-// Note: It will be encoded into binary format, so the order of its fields should not be changed.
-#[derive(PartialEq, Debug, EnumAsInner, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
-pub enum ListSlice<'a> {
-    RawData(Cow<'a, [LoroValue]>),
-    RawStr {
-        str: Cow<'a, str>,
-        unicode_len: usize,
-    },
-}
-
-impl<'a> ListSlice<'a> {
-    pub fn from_borrowed_str(str: &'a str) -> Self {
-        Self::RawStr {
-            str: Cow::Borrowed(str),
-            unicode_len: str.chars().count(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[repr(transparent)]
-#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
-pub struct SliceRange(pub Range<u32>);
-
-const UNKNOWN_START: u32 = u32::MAX / 2;
-impl SliceRange {
-    #[inline(always)]
-    pub fn is_unknown(&self) -> bool {
-        self.0.start == UNKNOWN_START
-    }
-
-    pub fn new_unknown(size: u32) -> Self {
-        Self(UNKNOWN_START..UNKNOWN_START + size)
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<Range<u32>> for SliceRange {
-    fn from(a: Range<u32>) -> Self {
-        SliceRange(a)
-    }
-}
-
-impl HasLength for SliceRange {
-    fn content_len(&self) -> usize {
-        self.0.len()
-    }
-}
-
-impl Sliceable for SliceRange {
-    fn slice(&self, from: usize, to: usize) -> Self {
-        if self.is_unknown() {
-            Self::new_unknown((to - from) as u32)
-        } else {
-            SliceRange(self.0.start + from as u32..self.0.start + to as u32)
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl Mergable for SliceRange {
-    fn merge(&mut self, other: &Self, _: &()) {
-        if self.is_unknown() {
-            self.0.end += other.0.end - other.0.start;
-        } else {
-            self.0.end = other.0.end;
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn is_mergable(&self, other: &Self, _conf: &()) -> bool
-    where
-        Self: Sized,
-    {
-        (self.is_unknown() && other.is_unknown()) || self.0.end == other.0.start
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'a> ListSlice<'a> {
-    #[inline(always)]
-    pub fn unknown_range(len: usize) -> SliceRange {
-        let start = UNKNOWN_START;
-        let end = len as u32 + UNKNOWN_START;
-        SliceRange(start..end)
-    }
-
-    #[inline(always)]
-    pub fn is_unknown(range: &SliceRange) -> bool {
-        range.is_unknown()
-    }
-
-    pub fn to_static(&self) -> ListSlice<'static> {
-        match self {
-            ListSlice::RawData(x) => ListSlice::RawData(Cow::Owned(x.to_vec())),
-            ListSlice::RawStr { str, unicode_len } => ListSlice::RawStr {
-                str: Cow::Owned(str.to_string()),
-                unicode_len: *unicode_len,
-            },
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'a> HasLength for ListSlice<'a> {
-    fn content_len(&self) -> usize {
-        match self {
-            ListSlice::RawStr { unicode_len, .. } => *unicode_len,
-            ListSlice::RawData(x) => x.len(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'a> Sliceable for ListSlice<'a> {
-    fn slice(&self, from: usize, to: usize) -> Self {
-        match self {
-            ListSlice::RawStr {
-                str,
-                unicode_len: _,
-            } => {
-                let ans = str.chars().skip(from).take(to - from).collect::<String>();
-                ListSlice::RawStr {
-                    str: Cow::Owned(ans),
-                    unicode_len: to - from,
-                }
-            }
-            ListSlice::RawData(x) => match x {
-                Cow::Borrowed(x) => ListSlice::RawData(Cow::Borrowed(&x[from..to])),
-                Cow::Owned(x) => ListSlice::RawData(Cow::Owned(x[from..to].into())),
-            },
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'a> Mergable for ListSlice<'a> {
-    fn is_mergable(&self, _other: &Self, _: &()) -> bool {
-        false
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct SliceRanges(pub SmallVec<[SliceRange; 2]>);
-
-impl Serialize for SliceRanges {
-    fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
-    where
-        S: serde::Serializer,
-    {
-        let mut s = serializer.serialize_seq(Some(self.0.len()))?;
-        for item in self.0.iter() {
-            s.serialize_element(item)?;
-        }
-        s.end()
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<SliceRange> for SliceRanges {
-    fn from(value: SliceRange) -> Self {
-        Self(smallvec![value])
-    }
-}
-
-impl DeltaValue for SliceRanges {
-    fn value_extend(&mut self, other: Self) -> Result<(), Self> {
-        self.0.extend(other.0);
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn take(&mut self, target_len: usize) -> Self {
-        let mut ret = SmallVec::new();
-        let mut cur_len = 0;
-        while cur_len < target_len {
-            let range = self.0.pop().unwrap();
-            let range_len = range.content_len();
-            if cur_len + range_len <= target_len {
-                ret.push(range);
-                cur_len += range_len;
-            } else {
-                let new_range = range.slice(0, target_len - cur_len);
-                ret.push(new_range);
-                self.0.push(range.slice(target_len - cur_len, range_len));
-                cur_len = target_len;
-            }
-        }
-        SliceRanges(ret)
-    }
-
-    fn length(&self) -> usize {
-        self.0.iter().fold(0, |acc, x| acc + x.atom_len())
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod test {
-    use crate::LoroValue;
-
-    use super::ListSlice;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn fix_fields_order() {
-        let list_slice = vec![
-            ListSlice::RawData(vec![LoroValue::Bool(true)].into()),
-            ListSlice::RawStr {
-                str: "".into(),
-                unicode_len: 0,
-            },
-        ];
-        let list_slice_buf = vec![2, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0];
-        assert_eq!(
-            &postcard::to_allocvec(&list_slice).unwrap(),
-            &list_slice_buf
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            postcard::from_bytes::<Vec<ListSlice>>(&list_slice_buf).unwrap(),
-            list_slice
-        );
-    }
-}
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/text/tracker.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/text/tracker.rs
index 1608ddf7e..dccbf1f8d 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/text/tracker.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/text/tracker.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use crate::{
     container::{list::list_op::InnerListOp, text::tracker::yata_impl::YataImpl},
     delta::Delta,
     id::{Counter, ID},
-    op::{InnerContent, RichOp},
+    op::{InnerContent, ListSlice, RichOp, SliceRanges},
     span::{HasId, HasIdSpan, IdSpan},
     VersionVector,
 };
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ use self::{
     y_span::{Status, StatusChange, YSpan, YSpanTreeTrait},
 };
 
-use super::text_content::{ListSlice, SliceRanges};
 mod content_map;
 mod cursor_map;
 mod effects_iter;
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/text/tracker/content_map.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/text/tracker/content_map.rs
index 86ce1898e..af0068c40 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/text/tracker/content_map.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/text/tracker/content_map.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use rle::{
     HasLength, RleTree, RleVecWithLen,
 };
 
-use crate::{container::text::text_content::SliceRange, id::ID, span::IdSpan};
+use crate::{id::ID, op::SliceRange, span::IdSpan};
 
 use super::y_span::{YSpan, YSpanTreeTrait};
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/text/tracker/effects_iter.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/text/tracker/effects_iter.rs
index f64eec783..ef03d4f15 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/text/tracker/effects_iter.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/text/tracker/effects_iter.rs
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ use loro_common::IdSpanVector;
 use rle::HasLength;
 
 use crate::{
-    container::text::text_content::SliceRange,
     id::{Counter, ID},
+    op::SliceRange,
     span::{CounterSpan, HasId, HasIdSpan, IdSpan},
 };
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/text/tracker/y_span.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/text/tracker/y_span.rs
index bd00ae2c7..e894bd603 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/text/tracker/y_span.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/text/tracker/y_span.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 use std::fmt::Display;
 
 use crate::{
-    container::text::text_content::SliceRange,
     id::Counter,
+    op::SliceRange,
     span::{HasCounter, HasCounterSpan, IdSpan},
     ID,
 };
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/text/tracker/yata_impl.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/text/tracker/yata_impl.rs
index 501f9c1b0..77c085cdb 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/text/tracker/yata_impl.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/text/tracker/yata_impl.rs
@@ -180,11 +180,9 @@ mod test {
     use crdt_list::crdt::OpSet;
 
     use crate::{
-        container::text::{
-            text_content::ListSlice,
-            tracker::y_span::{Status, YSpan},
-        },
+        container::text::tracker::y_span::{Status, YSpan},
         id::ID,
+        op::ListSlice,
     };
 
     use super::OpSpanSet;
@@ -254,14 +252,12 @@ pub mod fuzz {
     use Action::*;
 
     use crate::{
-        container::text::{
-            text_content::ListSlice,
-            tracker::{
-                y_span::{StatusChange, YSpan},
-                Tracker,
-            },
+        container::text::tracker::{
+            y_span::{StatusChange, YSpan},
+            Tracker,
         },
         id::{Counter, PeerID, ID},
+        op::ListSlice,
         span::IdSpan,
     };
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
index 063f8b131..100caeac9 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
@@ -12,13 +12,13 @@ use crate::{
             richtext_state::RichtextStateChunk, AnchorType, CrdtRopeDelta, RichtextChunk,
             RichtextChunkValue, RichtextTracker, StyleOp,
         },
+        text::tracker::Tracker,
     },
     delta::{Delta, MapDelta, MapValue},
     event::Diff,
     id::Counter,
     op::RichOp,
     span::{HasId, HasLamport},
-    text::tracker::Tracker,
     version::Frontiers,
     InternalString, VersionVector,
 };
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs
index 31c40eccb..01f14e16e 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ use serde_columnar::{columnar, iter_from_bytes, to_vec};
 
 use crate::{
     change::{Change, Lamport, Timestamp},
-    container::text::text_content::ListSlice,
     container::{
         list::list_op::{DeleteSpan, ListOp},
         map::MapSet,
@@ -15,7 +14,7 @@ use crate::{
     },
     encoding::RemoteClientChanges,
     id::{Counter, PeerID, ID},
-    op::{RawOpContent, RemoteOp},
+    op::{ListSlice, RawOpContent, RemoteOp},
     oplog::OpLog,
     span::HasId,
     version::Frontiers,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs
index 44beb1918..adf610073 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ use zerovec::{vecs::Index32, VarZeroVec};
 
 use crate::{
     change::{Change, Lamport, Timestamp},
-    container::text::text_content::ListSlice,
     container::{
         idx::ContainerIdx,
         list::list_op::{DeleteSpan, ListOp},
@@ -17,7 +16,7 @@ use crate::{
         ContainerID, ContainerType,
     },
     id::{Counter, PeerID, ID},
-    op::{RawOpContent, RemoteOp},
+    op::{ListSlice, RawOpContent, RemoteOp},
     oplog::{AppDagNode, OpLog},
     span::HasId,
     version::Frontiers,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs
index 3a720d28a..574c25e43 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use smallvec::SmallVec;
 use crate::{
     container::richtext::richtext_state::RichtextStateChunk,
     delta::{Delta, MapDelta, MapDiff},
-    text::text_content::SliceRanges,
+    op::SliceRanges,
     InternalString, LoroValue,
 };
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
index dfc7895ea..02546ecd8 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ use crate::{
         idx::ContainerIdx,
         list::list_op::{DeleteSpan, ListOp},
         richtext::TextStyleInfoFlag,
-        text::text_content::ListSlice,
     },
     delta::MapValue,
+    op::ListSlice,
 };
 use enum_as_inner::EnumAsInner;
 use loro_common::{ContainerID, ContainerType, LoroResult, LoroValue};
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/op.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/op.rs
index 5ecf68665..d0485d6f5 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/op.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/op.rs
@@ -4,9 +4,14 @@ use crate::{
     id::{Counter, PeerID, ID},
     span::{HasCounter, HasId, HasLamport},
 };
+use crate::{delta::DeltaValue, LoroValue};
+use enum_as_inner::EnumAsInner;
 use rle::{HasIndex, HasLength, Mergable, RleVec, Sliceable};
-mod content;
+use serde::{ser::SerializeSeq, Deserialize, Serialize};
+use smallvec::{smallvec, SmallVec};
+use std::{borrow::Cow, ops::Range};
 
+mod content;
 pub use content::*;
 
 /// Operation is a unit of change.
@@ -273,3 +278,216 @@ impl OwnedRichOp {
         }
     }
 }
+
+// Note: It will be encoded into binary format, so the order of its fields should not be changed.
+#[derive(PartialEq, Debug, EnumAsInner, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub enum ListSlice<'a> {
+    RawData(Cow<'a, [LoroValue]>),
+    RawStr {
+        str: Cow<'a, str>,
+        unicode_len: usize,
+    },
+}
+
+impl<'a> ListSlice<'a> {
+    pub fn from_borrowed_str(str: &'a str) -> Self {
+        Self::RawStr {
+            str: Cow::Borrowed(str),
+            unicode_len: str.chars().count(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[repr(transparent)]
+#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
+pub struct SliceRange(pub Range<u32>);
+
+const UNKNOWN_START: u32 = u32::MAX / 2;
+impl SliceRange {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn is_unknown(&self) -> bool {
+        self.0.start == UNKNOWN_START
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_unknown(size: u32) -> Self {
+        Self(UNKNOWN_START..UNKNOWN_START + size)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Range<u32>> for SliceRange {
+    fn from(a: Range<u32>) -> Self {
+        SliceRange(a)
+    }
+}
+
+impl HasLength for SliceRange {
+    fn content_len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.0.len()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Sliceable for SliceRange {
+    fn slice(&self, from: usize, to: usize) -> Self {
+        if self.is_unknown() {
+            Self::new_unknown((to - from) as u32)
+        } else {
+            SliceRange(self.0.start + from as u32..self.0.start + to as u32)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Mergable for SliceRange {
+    fn merge(&mut self, other: &Self, _: &()) {
+        if self.is_unknown() {
+            self.0.end += other.0.end - other.0.start;
+        } else {
+            self.0.end = other.0.end;
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn is_mergable(&self, other: &Self, _conf: &()) -> bool
+    where
+        Self: Sized,
+    {
+        (self.is_unknown() && other.is_unknown()) || self.0.end == other.0.start
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> ListSlice<'a> {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn unknown_range(len: usize) -> SliceRange {
+        let start = UNKNOWN_START;
+        let end = len as u32 + UNKNOWN_START;
+        SliceRange(start..end)
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn is_unknown(range: &SliceRange) -> bool {
+        range.is_unknown()
+    }
+
+    pub fn to_static(&self) -> ListSlice<'static> {
+        match self {
+            ListSlice::RawData(x) => ListSlice::RawData(Cow::Owned(x.to_vec())),
+            ListSlice::RawStr { str, unicode_len } => ListSlice::RawStr {
+                str: Cow::Owned(str.to_string()),
+                unicode_len: *unicode_len,
+            },
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> HasLength for ListSlice<'a> {
+    fn content_len(&self) -> usize {
+        match self {
+            ListSlice::RawStr { unicode_len, .. } => *unicode_len,
+            ListSlice::RawData(x) => x.len(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> Sliceable for ListSlice<'a> {
+    fn slice(&self, from: usize, to: usize) -> Self {
+        match self {
+            ListSlice::RawStr {
+                str,
+                unicode_len: _,
+            } => {
+                let ans = str.chars().skip(from).take(to - from).collect::<String>();
+                ListSlice::RawStr {
+                    str: Cow::Owned(ans),
+                    unicode_len: to - from,
+                }
+            }
+            ListSlice::RawData(x) => match x {
+                Cow::Borrowed(x) => ListSlice::RawData(Cow::Borrowed(&x[from..to])),
+                Cow::Owned(x) => ListSlice::RawData(Cow::Owned(x[from..to].into())),
+            },
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> Mergable for ListSlice<'a> {
+    fn is_mergable(&self, _other: &Self, _: &()) -> bool {
+        false
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct SliceRanges(pub SmallVec<[SliceRange; 2]>);
+
+impl Serialize for SliceRanges {
+    fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
+    where
+        S: serde::Serializer,
+    {
+        let mut s = serializer.serialize_seq(Some(self.0.len()))?;
+        for item in self.0.iter() {
+            s.serialize_element(item)?;
+        }
+        s.end()
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<SliceRange> for SliceRanges {
+    fn from(value: SliceRange) -> Self {
+        Self(smallvec![value])
+    }
+}
+
+impl DeltaValue for SliceRanges {
+    fn value_extend(&mut self, other: Self) -> Result<(), Self> {
+        self.0.extend(other.0);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn take(&mut self, target_len: usize) -> Self {
+        let mut ret = SmallVec::new();
+        let mut cur_len = 0;
+        while cur_len < target_len {
+            let range = self.0.pop().unwrap();
+            let range_len = range.content_len();
+            if cur_len + range_len <= target_len {
+                ret.push(range);
+                cur_len += range_len;
+            } else {
+                let new_range = range.slice(0, target_len - cur_len);
+                ret.push(new_range);
+                self.0.push(range.slice(target_len - cur_len, range_len));
+                cur_len = target_len;
+            }
+        }
+        SliceRanges(ret)
+    }
+
+    fn length(&self) -> usize {
+        self.0.iter().fold(0, |acc, x| acc + x.atom_len())
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use crate::LoroValue;
+
+    use super::ListSlice;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn fix_fields_order() {
+        let list_slice = vec![
+            ListSlice::RawData(vec![LoroValue::Bool(true)].into()),
+            ListSlice::RawStr {
+                str: "".into(),
+                unicode_len: 0,
+            },
+        ];
+        let list_slice_buf = vec![2, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0];
+        assert_eq!(
+            &postcard::to_allocvec(&list_slice).unwrap(),
+            &list_slice_buf
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            postcard::from_bytes::<Vec<ListSlice>>(&list_slice_buf).unwrap(),
+            list_slice
+        );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
index e3742a842..ed668e0fd 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ use crate::dag::DagUtils;
 use crate::encoding::{decode_oplog, encode_oplog, EncodeMode};
 use crate::encoding::{ClientChanges, RemoteClientChanges};
 use crate::id::{Counter, PeerID, ID};
-use crate::op::{RawOpContent, RemoteOp};
+use crate::op::{ListSlice, RawOpContent, RemoteOp};
 use crate::span::{HasCounterSpan, HasIdSpan, HasLamportSpan};
 use crate::version::{Frontiers, ImVersionVector, VersionVector};
 use crate::LoroError;
@@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ impl OpLog {
                             .arena
                             .slice_str(slice.0.start as usize..slice.0.end as usize);
                         contents.push(RawOpContent::List(list_op::ListOp::Insert {
-                            slice: crate::container::text::text_content::ListSlice::RawStr {
+                            slice: ListSlice::RawStr {
                                 unicode_len: str.chars().count(),
                                 str: Cow::Owned(str),
                             },
@@ -380,12 +380,10 @@ impl OpLog {
                     }
                     loro_common::ContainerType::List => {
                         contents.push(RawOpContent::List(list_op::ListOp::Insert {
-                            slice: crate::container::text::text_content::ListSlice::RawData(
-                                Cow::Owned(
-                                    self.arena
-                                        .get_values(slice.0.start as usize..slice.0.end as usize),
-                                ),
-                            ),
+                            slice: ListSlice::RawData(Cow::Owned(
+                                self.arena
+                                    .get_values(slice.0.start as usize..slice.0.end as usize),
+                            )),
                             pos: *pos,
                         }))
                     }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
index dd85a2b55..20840bd1b 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
@@ -21,12 +21,10 @@ use crate::{
 mod list_state;
 mod map_state;
 mod richtext_state;
-mod text_state;
 
 pub(crate) use list_state::ListState;
 pub(crate) use map_state::MapState;
 pub(crate) use richtext_state::RichtextState;
-pub(crate) use text_state::TextState;
 
 use super::{
     arena::SharedArena,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs
index 25a3bbaa6..d5f34bce2 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use crate::{
     container::{idx::ContainerIdx, ContainerID},
     delta::Delta,
     event::{Diff, Index},
-    op::{Op, RawOp, RawOpContent},
+    op::{ListSlice, Op, RawOp, RawOpContent},
     LoroValue,
 };
 use debug_log::debug_dbg;
@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ impl ContainerState for ListState {
             RawOpContent::Map(_) => unreachable!(),
             RawOpContent::List(list) => match list {
                 crate::container::list::list_op::ListOp::Insert { slice, pos } => match slice {
-                    crate::container::text::text_content::ListSlice::RawData(list) => match list {
+                    ListSlice::RawData(list) => match list {
                         std::borrow::Cow::Borrowed(list) => {
                             for value in list.iter() {
                                 if value.is_container() {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/text_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/text_state.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index b189e163c..000000000
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/text_state.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,316 +0,0 @@
-use std::{ops::Range, sync::Arc};
-
-use jumprope::JumpRope;
-
-use crate::{
-    arena::SharedArena,
-    container::{
-        list::list_op,
-        text::text_content::{ListSlice, SliceRanges},
-    },
-    delta::{Delta, DeltaItem},
-    event::Diff,
-    op::{Op, RawOp, RawOpContent},
-    LoroValue,
-};
-
-use super::ContainerState;
-
-#[derive(Debug, Default)]
-pub struct TextState {
-    pub(crate) rope: JumpRope,
-    in_txn: bool,
-    deleted_bytes: Vec<u8>,
-    // TODO: should be merged when possible
-    undo_stack: Vec<UndoItem>,
-}
-
-impl Clone for TextState {
-    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            rope: self.rope.clone(),
-            in_txn: false,
-            deleted_bytes: Default::default(),
-            undo_stack: Default::default(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-enum UndoItem {
-    Insert {
-        index: u32,
-        len: u32,
-    },
-    Delete {
-        index: u32,
-        byte_offset: u32,
-        len: u32,
-    },
-}
-
-impl ContainerState for TextState {
-    fn apply_diff(&mut self, diff: &mut Diff, arena: &SharedArena) {
-        match diff {
-            Diff::SeqRaw(delta) => {
-                if let Some(new_diff) = self.apply_seq_raw(delta, arena) {
-                    *diff = new_diff;
-                }
-            }
-            Diff::Text(delta) => {
-                let mut index = 0;
-                for span in delta.iter() {
-                    match span {
-                        DeltaItem::Retain { len, meta: _ } => {
-                            index += len;
-                        }
-                        DeltaItem::Insert { value, .. } => {
-                            self.insert_unicode(index, value);
-                            index += value.len();
-                        }
-                        DeltaItem::Delete { len, .. } => {
-                            self.delete_unicode(index..index + len);
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            _ => unreachable!(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn apply_op(&mut self, op: &RawOp, _: &Op, arena: &SharedArena) {
-        match &op.content {
-            RawOpContent::List(list) => match list {
-                list_op::ListOp::Insert { slice, pos } => match slice {
-                    ListSlice::RawStr {
-                        str,
-                        unicode_len: _,
-                    } => {
-                        self.insert_unicode(*pos, &str);
-                    }
-                    _ => unreachable!(),
-                },
-                list_op::ListOp::Delete(del) => {
-                    self.delete_unicode(del.pos as usize..del.pos as usize + del.len as usize);
-                }
-                list_op::ListOp::StyleStart { .. } => unreachable!(),
-                list_op::ListOp::StyleEnd { .. } => unreachable!(),
-            },
-            _ => unreachable!(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[doc = " Start a transaction"]
-    #[doc = ""]
-    #[doc = " The transaction may be aborted later, then all the ops during this transaction need to be undone."]
-    fn start_txn(&mut self) {
-        self.in_txn = true;
-    }
-
-    fn abort_txn(&mut self) {
-        self.in_txn = false;
-        while let Some(op) = self.undo_stack.pop() {
-            match op {
-                UndoItem::Insert { index, len } => {
-                    self.rope
-                        .remove(index as usize..index as usize + len as usize);
-                }
-                UndoItem::Delete {
-                    index,
-                    byte_offset,
-                    len,
-                } => {
-                    let s = std::str::from_utf8(
-                        &self.deleted_bytes
-                            [byte_offset as usize..byte_offset as usize + len as usize],
-                    )
-                    .unwrap();
-                    self.rope.insert(index as usize, s);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        self.deleted_bytes.clear();
-        self.deleted_bytes.shrink_to_fit();
-        self.undo_stack.shrink_to_fit();
-    }
-
-    fn commit_txn(&mut self) {
-        self.deleted_bytes.clear();
-        self.undo_stack.clear();
-        self.deleted_bytes.shrink_to_fit();
-        self.undo_stack.shrink_to_fit();
-        self.in_txn = false;
-    }
-
-    fn get_value(&self) -> LoroValue {
-        LoroValue::String(Arc::new(self.rope.to_string()))
-    }
-
-    #[doc = " Convert a state to a diff that when apply this diff on a empty state,"]
-    #[doc = " the state will be the same as this state."]
-    fn to_diff(&self) -> Diff {
-        Diff::Text(Delta::new().insert(self.rope.to_string()))
-    }
-}
-
-impl TextState {
-    pub fn new() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            rope: JumpRope::new(),
-            in_txn: false,
-            deleted_bytes: Default::default(),
-            undo_stack: Default::default(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn from_str(s: &str) -> Self {
-        let mut state = Self::new();
-        state.insert_unicode(0, s);
-        state
-    }
-
-    pub fn insert_unicode(&mut self, pos: usize, s: &str) {
-        if self.in_txn {
-            self.record_insert(pos, s.len());
-        }
-
-        self.rope.insert(pos, s);
-    }
-
-    pub fn delete_unicode(&mut self, range: Range<usize>) {
-        if range.is_empty() {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        if range.end > self.len() {
-            panic!("delete range out of bound");
-        }
-
-        if self.in_txn {
-            self.record_del(range.start, range.len());
-        }
-
-        self.rope.remove(range);
-    }
-
-    fn record_del(&mut self, index: usize, len: usize) {
-        let mut start = None;
-        for span in self.rope.slice_substrings(index..index + len) {
-            if start.is_none() {
-                start = Some(self.deleted_bytes.len());
-            }
-            self.deleted_bytes.extend_from_slice(span.as_bytes());
-        }
-
-        self.undo_stack.push(UndoItem::Delete {
-            index: index as u32,
-            byte_offset: start.unwrap() as u32,
-            len: len as u32,
-        });
-    }
-
-    fn record_insert(&mut self, index: usize, len: usize) {
-        self.undo_stack.push(UndoItem::Insert {
-            index: index as u32,
-            len: len as u32,
-        });
-    }
-
-    pub fn len_wchars(&self) -> usize {
-        self.rope.len_wchars()
-    }
-
-    pub fn len_chars(&self) -> usize {
-        self.rope.len_chars()
-    }
-
-    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
-        self.rope.len_bytes()
-    }
-
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
-        self.len() == 0
-    }
-
-    pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &str> {
-        self.rope.slice_substrings(0..self.len())
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn utf16_to_unicode(&self, pos: usize) -> usize {
-        self.rope.wchars_to_chars(pos)
-    }
-
-    pub fn slice(&self, range: Range<usize>) -> impl Iterator<Item = &str> {
-        self.rope.slice_substrings(range)
-    }
-
-    #[cfg(not(feature = "wasm"))]
-    fn apply_seq_raw(
-        &mut self,
-        delta: &mut Delta<SliceRanges>,
-        arena: &SharedArena,
-    ) -> Option<Diff> {
-        let mut index = 0;
-        for span in delta.iter() {
-            match span {
-                DeltaItem::Retain { len, meta: _ } => {
-                    index += len;
-                }
-                DeltaItem::Insert { value, .. } => {
-                    for value in value.0.iter() {
-                        arena.with_text_slice(
-                            value.0.start as usize..value.0.end as usize,
-                            |slice| {
-                                self.insert_unicode(index, slice);
-                                index += slice.len();
-                            },
-                        );
-                    }
-                }
-                DeltaItem::Delete { len, .. } => {
-                    self.delete_unicode(index..index + len);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        None
-    }
-
-    #[cfg(feature = "wasm")]
-    fn apply_seq_raw(
-        &mut self,
-        delta: &mut Delta<SliceRanges>,
-        arena: &SharedArena,
-    ) -> Option<Diff> {
-        todo!()
-    }
-
-    fn unicode_to_utf16(&self, index: usize) -> usize {
-        self.rope.chars_to_wchars(index)
-    }
-}
-
-impl std::fmt::Display for TextState {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        self.rope.fmt(f)
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod test {
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn abort_txn() {
-        let mut state = TextState::new();
-        state.insert_unicode(0, "haha");
-        state.start_txn();
-        state.insert_unicode(4, "1234");
-        state.delete_unicode(2..6);
-        assert_eq!(state.rope.to_string(), "ha34");
-        state.abort_txn();
-        assert_eq!(state.rope.to_string(), "haha");
-    }
-}
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/tests/mod.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/tests/mod.rs
index bf8f08abe..2ad4aec94 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/tests/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/tests/mod.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #![cfg(test)]
 
-use crate::LoroValue;
+use crate::{op::ListSlice, LoroValue};
 
 #[cfg(proptest)]
 pub const PROPTEST_FACTOR_10: usize = 10;
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ pub const PROPTEST_FACTOR_1: usize = 0;
 fn size_of() {
     use crate::change::Change;
     use crate::{
-        container::{map::MapSet, text::text_content::ListSlice, ContainerID},
+        container::{map::MapSet, ContainerID},
         id::ID,
         op::{Op, RawOpContent},
         span::IdSpan,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
index 07aad760b..f1255030a 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
@@ -13,15 +13,12 @@ use smallvec::smallvec;
 
 use crate::{
     change::{get_sys_timestamp, Change, Lamport, Timestamp},
-    container::{
-        idx::ContainerIdx, list::list_op::InnerListOp, text::text_content::SliceRanges,
-        IntoContainerId,
-    },
+    container::{idx::ContainerIdx, list::list_op::InnerListOp, IntoContainerId},
     delta::{Delta, MapValue},
     event::Diff,
     handler::TextHandler,
     id::{Counter, PeerID, ID},
-    op::{Op, RawOp, RawOpContent},
+    op::{Op, RawOp, RawOpContent, SliceRanges},
     span::HasIdSpan,
     version::Frontiers,
     InternalString, LoroError, LoroValue,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/utils/mod.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/utils/mod.rs
index 60e2636bf..4910d5955 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/utils/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/utils/mod.rs
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 pub(crate) mod bitmap;
+pub(crate) mod utf16;
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/text/utf16.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/utils/utf16.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from crates/loro-internal/src/container/text/utf16.rs
rename to crates/loro-internal/src/utils/utf16.rs

From 179c707f3892138c1f18296065090a8feff35805 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zixuan Chen <remch183@outlook.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Oct 2023 23:37:41 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 028/111] fix: richtext checkout err

---
 crates/loro-internal/src/arena/str_arena.rs   | 23 +++++++------
 .../src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs  | 17 +++-------
 .../src/container/richtext/tracker.rs         | 20 +++++++++---
 .../container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs   |  5 +--
 .../richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs          | 16 +++++++---
 crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs   | 15 +++------
 crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs             |  2 +-
 .../loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs | 32 +++++++++++++++++--
 crates/loro-preload/src/encode.rs             |  3 --
 9 files changed, 81 insertions(+), 52 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/arena/str_arena.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/arena/str_arena.rs
index 998dc5c50..8a8034a5f 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/arena/str_arena.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/arena/str_arena.rs
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ impl StrArena {
     }
 
     #[inline]
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
     pub fn len_bytes(&self) -> usize {
         self.len.bytes as usize
     }
@@ -53,12 +54,6 @@ impl StrArena {
         self.len.unicode as usize
     }
 
-    pub fn alloc_and_slice(&mut self, s: &str) -> BytesSlice {
-        let bytes_len = self.bytes.len();
-        self.alloc(s);
-        self.bytes.slice(bytes_len..)
-    }
-
     pub fn alloc(&mut self, input: &str) {
         let mut utf16 = 0;
         let mut unicode_len = 0;
@@ -122,19 +117,23 @@ impl StrArena {
         }
 
         let start = match range.start_bound() {
-            Bound::Included(&i) => i as u32,
+            Bound::Included(&i) => {
+                unicode_to_byte_index(&self.unicode_indexes, i as u32, &self.bytes)
+            }
             Bound::Excluded(&i) => unreachable!(),
             Bound::Unbounded => 0,
         };
 
         let end = match range.end_bound() {
-            Bound::Included(&i) => i as u32 + 1,
-            Bound::Excluded(&i) => i as u32,
-            Bound::Unbounded => self.len.unicode,
+            Bound::Included(&i) => {
+                unicode_to_byte_index(&self.unicode_indexes, i as u32 + 1, &self.bytes)
+            }
+            Bound::Excluded(&i) => {
+                unicode_to_byte_index(&self.unicode_indexes, i as u32, &self.bytes)
+            }
+            Bound::Unbounded => self.len.bytes as usize,
         };
 
-        let start = unicode_to_byte_index(&self.unicode_indexes, start, &self.bytes);
-        let end = unicode_to_byte_index(&self.unicode_indexes, end, &self.bytes);
         (start, end)
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
index e84db9002..1b248c413 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
@@ -678,18 +678,6 @@ impl RichtextState {
         entity_index
     }
 
-    /// Delete a range of text at the given entity range.
-    ///
-    /// Delete a range of text. (The style anchors included in the range are not deleted.)
-    pub(crate) fn delete_with_entity_index(&mut self, pos: usize, len: usize) {
-        if self.tree.is_empty() {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        self.tree.drain_by_query::<EntityQuery>(pos..pos + len);
-        self.style_ranges.delete(pos..pos + len);
-    }
-
     /// Delete a range of text at the given unicode position.
     ///
     /// Delete a range of text. (The style anchors included in the range are not deleted.)
@@ -1019,6 +1007,11 @@ impl RichtextState {
     pub fn len_entity(&self) -> usize {
         self.tree.root_cache().entity_len as usize
     }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub(crate) fn push(&mut self, elem: RichtextStateChunk) {
+        self.tree.push(elem);
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs
index a1d0fae63..c0620c7a7 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-use debug_log::debug_dbg;
 use generic_btree::LeafIndex;
 use loro_common::{Counter, PeerID, ID};
 
@@ -74,6 +73,13 @@ impl Tracker {
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn insert(&mut self, op_id: ID, pos: usize, content: RichtextChunk) {
+        if self.applied_vv.includes_id(op_id) {
+            assert!(self
+                .applied_vv
+                .includes_id(op_id.inc(content.len() as Counter - 1)));
+            return;
+        }
+
         let result = self.rope.insert(
             pos,
             FugueSpan {
@@ -108,6 +114,11 @@ impl Tracker {
 
     /// If `reverse` is true, the deletion happens from the end of the range to the start.
     pub(crate) fn delete(&mut self, op_id: ID, pos: usize, len: usize, reverse: bool) {
+        if self.applied_vv.includes_id(op_id) {
+            assert!(self.applied_vv.includes_id(op_id.inc(len as Counter - 1)));
+            return;
+        }
+
         let mut cur_id = op_id;
         let split = self.rope.delete(pos, len, |span| {
             let mut id_span = span.id_span();
@@ -200,11 +211,11 @@ impl Tracker {
             }
         }
 
-        self.current_vv = vv.clone();
-        debug_log::debug_dbg!(&updates);
+        if !on_diff_status {
+            self.current_vv = vv.clone();
+        }
         let leaf_indexes = self.rope.update(updates, on_diff_status);
         self.update_insert_by_split(&leaf_indexes);
-        debug_log::debug_dbg!(&self);
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn diff(
@@ -214,6 +225,7 @@ impl Tracker {
     ) -> impl Iterator<Item = CrdtRopeDelta> + '_ {
         self._checkout(from, false);
         self._checkout(to, true);
+        debug_log::debug_dbg!(&from, &to, &self,);
         self.rope.get_diff()
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs
index c33dd0955..369b6dcd9 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs
@@ -249,8 +249,9 @@ impl CrdtRope {
         self.tree
             .update_leaves_with_arg_in_ranges(tree_update_info, |elem, arg| {
                 let status = if on_diff_status {
-                    assert!(elem.diff_status.is_none());
-                    elem.diff_status = Some(elem.status);
+                    if elem.diff_status.is_none() {
+                        elem.diff_status = Some(elem.status);
+                    }
                     elem.diff_status.as_mut().unwrap()
                 } else {
                     &mut elem.status
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs
index 245fb9832..4047e5040 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs
@@ -24,8 +24,12 @@ impl IdToCursor {
     pub fn push(&mut self, id: ID, cursor: Cursor) {
         let list = self.map.entry(id.peer).or_default();
         if let Some(last) = list.last_mut() {
-            assert_eq!(last.counter + last.cursor.rle_len() as Counter, id.counter);
-            if last.cursor.can_merge(&cursor) && last.cursor.rle_len() < MAX_FRAGMENT_LEN {
+            let last_end = last.counter + last.cursor.rle_len() as Counter;
+            assert!(last_end <= id.counter);
+            if last_end == id.counter
+                && last.cursor.can_merge(&cursor)
+                && last.cursor.rle_len() < MAX_FRAGMENT_LEN
+            {
                 last.cursor.merge_right(&cursor);
                 return;
             }
@@ -44,7 +48,7 @@ impl IdToCursor {
         let list = self.map.get_mut(&id_span.client_id).unwrap();
         let index = match list.binary_search_by_key(&id_span.counter.start, |x| x.counter) {
             Ok(index) => index,
-            Err(index) => index - 1,
+            Err(index) => index.saturating_sub(1),
         };
 
         let fragment = &mut list[index];
@@ -63,10 +67,11 @@ impl IdToCursor {
         let mut offset_in_insert_set = 0;
         let mut counter = 0;
 
+        debug_log::debug_dbg!(iter_id_span);
         if !list.is_empty() {
             index = match list.binary_search_by_key(&iter_id_span.counter.start, |x| x.counter) {
                 Ok(index) => index,
-                Err(index) => index - 1,
+                Err(index) => index.saturating_sub(1),
             };
 
             offset_in_insert_set = 0;
@@ -84,6 +89,7 @@ impl IdToCursor {
                     if offset_in_insert_set == set.len() {
                         index += 1;
                         offset_in_insert_set = 0;
+                        counter = list.get(index).map(|x| x.counter).unwrap_or(Counter::MAX);
                         continue;
                     }
 
@@ -109,7 +115,7 @@ impl IdToCursor {
                     offset_in_insert_set = 0;
                     index += 1;
                     let start_counter = counter;
-                    counter += span.atom_len() as Counter;
+                    counter = list.get(index).map(|x| x.counter).unwrap_or(Counter::MAX);
                     if counter <= iter_id_span.counter.start {
                         continue;
                     }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
index 9d7fc6416..ef80ef179 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ pub fn decode_oplog(
     let (arena, state_arena, common) = arena.unwrap_or_else(|| {
         let arena = SharedArena::default();
         let state_arena = TempArena::decode_state_arena(data).unwrap();
-        arena.alloc_str_fast(&state_arena.richtext);
+        arena.alloc_str_fast(&state_arena.text);
         (arena, state_arena, CommonArena::decode(data).unwrap())
     });
     oplog.arena = arena.clone();
@@ -222,9 +222,8 @@ pub fn decode_state<'b>(
     let arena = app_state.arena.clone();
     let common = CommonArena::decode(data)?;
     let state_arena = TempArena::decode_state_arena(data)?;
-    arena.alloc_str_fast(&state_arena.richtext);
+    arena.alloc_str_fast(&state_arena.text);
     let encoded_app_state = EncodedAppState::decode(data)?;
-    let mut text_index = 0;
     let mut container_states =
         FxHashMap::with_capacity_and_hasher(common.container_ids.len(), Default::default());
     // this part should be moved to encode.rs in preload
@@ -520,7 +519,6 @@ fn preprocess_app_state(app_state: &DocState) -> PreEncodedState {
     assert!(!app_state.is_in_txn());
     let mut peers = Vec::new();
     let mut peer_lookup = FxHashMap::default();
-    let mut bytes = Vec::new();
     let mut keywords = Vec::new();
     let mut values = Vec::new();
     let mut key_lookup = FxHashMap::default();
@@ -610,10 +608,10 @@ fn preprocess_app_state(app_state: &DocState) -> PreEncodedState {
     let arena = TempArena {
         values,
         keywords,
-        richtext: app_state.arena.slice_by_unicode(..).deref().to_vec().into(),
-        text: bytes.into(),
+        text: app_state.arena.slice_by_unicode(..).deref().to_vec().into(),
     };
 
+    debug_log::debug_dbg!(&encoded);
     PreEncodedState {
         common,
         arena,
@@ -638,7 +636,6 @@ fn encode_oplog(oplog: &OpLog, state_ref: Option<PreEncodedState>) -> FinalPhase
         common.container_ids = oplog.arena.export_containers();
     }
     // need to rebuild bytes from ops, because arena.text may contain garbage
-    let mut bytes = Vec::with_capacity(arena.text.len());
     let mut extra_keys = Vec::new();
     let mut extra_values = Vec::new();
 
@@ -824,9 +821,7 @@ fn encode_oplog(oplog: &OpLog, state_ref: Option<PreEncodedState>) -> FinalPhase
         state_arena: Cow::Owned(arena.encode()),
         oplog_extra_arena: Cow::Owned(
             TempArena {
-                // FIXME: encode arena str when state_arena richtext is empty
-                richtext: Cow::Owned(Vec::new()),
-                text: Cow::Borrowed(&bytes),
+                text: Cow::Borrowed(&[]),
                 keywords: extra_keys,
                 values: extra_values,
             }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
index 20840bd1b..ac4bb890a 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ impl DocState {
             .unwrap_or_else(|| match container_idx.get_type() {
                 ContainerType::Map => LoroValue::Map(Arc::new(Default::default())),
                 ContainerType::List => LoroValue::List(Arc::new(Default::default())),
-                ContainerType::Text => LoroValue::List(Arc::new(Default::default())),
+                ContainerType::Text => LoroValue::String(Arc::new(Default::default())),
             })
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
index 3dd10af9a..b1e0250e2 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
@@ -145,10 +145,26 @@ impl ContainerState for RichtextState {
                         *pos,
                         arena.slice_by_unicode(slice.0.start as usize..slice.0.end as usize),
                     );
+
+                    if self.in_txn {
+                        self.undo_stack.push(UndoItem::Insert {
+                            index: *pos as u32,
+                            len: slice.0.end - slice.0.start,
+                        })
+                    }
                 }
                 list_op::InnerListOp::Delete(del) => {
-                    self.state
-                        .delete_with_entity_index(del.pos as usize, del.len as usize);
+                    for span in self
+                        .state
+                        .drain_by_entity_index(del.start() as usize, rle::HasLength::atom_len(&del))
+                    {
+                        if self.in_txn {
+                            self.undo_stack.push(UndoItem::Delete {
+                                index: del.start() as u32,
+                                content: span,
+                            })
+                        }
+                    }
                 }
                 list_op::InnerListOp::StyleStart {
                     start,
@@ -383,6 +399,7 @@ impl RichtextState {
                         *len.last_mut().unwrap() += 1;
                     }
 
+                    is_last_style = true;
                     is_style_start.push(*anchor_type == AnchorType::Start);
                     styles.push(loro_preload::CompactStyleOp {
                         peer_idx: record_peer(style.peer),
@@ -411,5 +428,14 @@ pub(crate) struct RichtextStateLoader<'a> {
 }
 
 impl<'a> RichtextStateLoader<'a> {
-    pub fn push(&mut self, elem: RichtextStateChunk) {}
+    pub fn push(&mut self, elem: RichtextStateChunk) {
+        match &elem {
+            RichtextStateChunk::Style { style, anchor_type } => {
+                // FIXME: detect style bound
+            }
+            RichtextStateChunk::Text { .. } => {}
+        }
+
+        self.state.state.push(elem);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-preload/src/encode.rs b/crates/loro-preload/src/encode.rs
index 416e32f70..0ab8f6803 100644
--- a/crates/loro-preload/src/encode.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-preload/src/encode.rs
@@ -182,9 +182,6 @@ pub struct CompactStyleOp {
 
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct TempArena<'a> {
-    #[serde(borrow)]
-    pub richtext: Cow<'a, [u8]>,
-    // FIXME: remove this field
     #[serde(borrow)]
     pub text: Cow<'a, [u8]>,
     // PERF: can we use a Cow here?

From a36ab52a6fb88c7f0b4180de3f21a45e6009caa0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 16:10:35 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 029/111] feat: tree state

---
 crates/loro-common/src/error.rs               |   2 +
 crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs                 |   7 +
 crates/loro-internal/fuzz/Cargo.lock          |  87 ++++-
 crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs             |   4 +
 crates/loro-internal/src/container.rs         |   2 +
 .../loro-internal/src/container/tree/mod.rs   |   1 +
 .../src/container/tree/tree_op.rs             |  27 ++
 crates/loro-internal/src/delta.rs             |   2 +
 crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs        |  24 ++
 crates/loro-internal/src/design.excalidraw    | 228 +++++------
 crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs         |  97 ++++-
 .../src/encoding/encode_changes.rs            |   8 +
 .../src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs           |  12 +
 crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs             |   4 +-
 .../src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs          |   4 +
 crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs           |  26 ++
 crates/loro-internal/src/op/content.rs        |  14 +
 crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs             |   4 +
 crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs   |  13 +
 crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs             |  11 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs  |   8 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/map_state.rs   |  10 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/text_state.rs  |  10 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs  | 355 ++++++++++++++++++
 crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs               |   2 +
 crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs             |  14 +
 26 files changed, 839 insertions(+), 137 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 crates/loro-internal/src/container/tree/mod.rs
 create mode 100644 crates/loro-internal/src/container/tree/tree_op.rs
 create mode 100644 crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs
 create mode 100644 crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs

diff --git a/crates/loro-common/src/error.rs b/crates/loro-common/src/error.rs
index d5d6a9d3e..fc09a2729 100644
--- a/crates/loro-common/src/error.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-common/src/error.rs
@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@ pub enum LoroError {
     OutOfBound { pos: usize, len: usize },
     #[error("Every op id should be unique. ID {id} has been used. You should use a new PeerID to edit the content. ")]
     UsedOpID { id: ID },
+    #[error("`Cycle move` occurs when moving tree nodes.")]
+    CyclicMoveErr,
     // #[error("the data for key `{0}` is not available")]
     // Redaction(String),
     // #[error("invalid header (expected {expected:?}, found {found:?})")]
diff --git a/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs b/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
index 50cdf8185..3bf5ead91 100644
--- a/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ pub enum ContainerType {
     Text,
     Map,
     List,
+    Tree,
     // TODO: Users can define their own container types.
     // Custom(u16),
 }
@@ -70,6 +71,7 @@ impl AsULE for ContainerType {
             ContainerType::Text => 0,
             ContainerType::Map => 1,
             ContainerType::List => 2,
+            ContainerType::Tree => 3,
         }
     }
 
@@ -78,6 +80,7 @@ impl AsULE for ContainerType {
             0 => ContainerType::Text,
             1 => ContainerType::Map,
             2 => ContainerType::List,
+            3 => ContainerType::Tree,
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }
     }
@@ -89,6 +92,8 @@ impl ContainerType {
             ContainerType::Text => LoroValue::String(Arc::new(String::new())),
             ContainerType::Map => LoroValue::Map(Arc::new(Default::default())),
             ContainerType::List => LoroValue::List(Arc::new(Default::default())),
+            // TODO: tree
+            ContainerType::Tree => todo!(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -97,6 +102,7 @@ impl ContainerType {
             ContainerType::Text => 0,
             ContainerType::Map => 1,
             ContainerType::List => 2,
+            ContainerType::Tree => 3,
         }
     }
 
@@ -133,6 +139,7 @@ mod container {
                 ContainerType::Text => "Text",
                 ContainerType::Map => "Map",
                 ContainerType::List => "List",
+                ContainerType::Tree => "Tree",
             })
         }
     }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/fuzz/Cargo.lock b/crates/loro-internal/fuzz/Cargo.lock
index 5122c1a30..984604360 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/fuzz/Cargo.lock
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/fuzz/Cargo.lock
@@ -139,8 +139,18 @@ version = "0.14.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b0dd3cd20dc6b5a876612a6e5accfe7f3dd883db6d07acfbf14c128f61550dfa"
 dependencies = [
- "darling_core",
- "darling_macro",
+ "darling_core 0.14.2",
+ "darling_macro 0.14.2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "darling"
+version = "0.20.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0209d94da627ab5605dcccf08bb18afa5009cfbef48d8a8b7d7bdbc79be25c5e"
+dependencies = [
+ "darling_core 0.20.3",
+ "darling_macro 0.20.3",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -157,17 +167,42 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn 1.0.105",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "darling_core"
+version = "0.20.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "177e3443818124b357d8e76f53be906d60937f0d3a90773a664fa63fa253e621"
+dependencies = [
+ "fnv",
+ "ident_case",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "strsim",
+ "syn 2.0.25",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "darling_macro"
 version = "0.14.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "7618812407e9402654622dd402b0a89dff9ba93badd6540781526117b92aab7e"
 dependencies = [
- "darling_core",
+ "darling_core 0.14.2",
  "quote",
  "syn 1.0.105",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "darling_macro"
+version = "0.20.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "836a9bbc7ad63342d6d6e7b815ccab164bc77a2d95d84bc3117a8c0d5c98e2d5"
+dependencies = [
+ "darling_core 0.20.3",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.25",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "debug-log"
 version = "0.1.4"
@@ -322,6 +357,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "either",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "itertools"
+version = "0.11.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b1c173a5686ce8bfa551b3563d0c2170bf24ca44da99c7ca4bfdab5418c3fe57"
+dependencies = [
+ "either",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "itoa"
 version = "1.0.4"
@@ -403,7 +447,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "generic-btree",
  "getrandom",
  "im",
- "itertools",
+ "itertools 0.11.0",
  "jumprope",
  "loro-common",
  "loro-preload",
@@ -413,7 +457,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "rand",
  "rle",
  "serde",
- "serde_columnar",
+ "serde_columnar 0.3.2",
  "serde_json",
  "smallvec",
  "string_cache",
@@ -439,7 +483,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "loro-common",
  "serde",
- "serde_columnar",
+ "serde_columnar 0.2.5",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -783,10 +827,23 @@ version = "0.2.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "5f5e09c91d7107faf75e9754748e3cb11fa3414a3761225a3d47c98aad153d40"
 dependencies = [
- "itertools",
+ "itertools 0.10.5",
  "postcard",
  "serde",
- "serde_columnar_derive",
+ "serde_columnar_derive 0.2.2",
+ "thiserror",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "serde_columnar"
+version = "0.3.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "98e0e9eb205e8f31604c26118d3f3626b21e3170a243ddfe1b7131b79725b114"
+dependencies = [
+ "itertools 0.11.0",
+ "postcard",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_columnar_derive 0.3.2",
  "thiserror",
 ]
 
@@ -796,12 +853,24 @@ version = "0.2.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c78a4cb8421e4666b4e71a5a896be4f8db66ba90af88257e1072609dc4f3abbb"
 dependencies = [
- "darling",
+ "darling 0.14.2",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "syn 1.0.105",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "serde_columnar_derive"
+version = "0.3.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "46d50a130ce1b4cf3b1585342ee0bf71e7589845ec23283e85fc875606018520"
+dependencies = [
+ "darling 0.20.3",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.25",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_derive"
 version = "1.0.171"
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs
index 1cfa156e2..3dc231303 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs
@@ -127,6 +127,8 @@ impl<'a> OpConverter<'a> {
                     content: crate::op::InnerContent::List(InnerListOp::Delete(span)),
                 },
             },
+            // TODO: Tree
+            crate::op::RawOpContent::Tree(tree) => todo!(),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -338,6 +340,8 @@ impl SharedArena {
                     content: crate::op::InnerContent::List(InnerListOp::Delete(span)),
                 },
             },
+            // TODO: tree
+            crate::op::RawOpContent::Tree(tree) => todo!(),
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container.rs
index 7cc167106..be76ec88f 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container.rs
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ pub mod idx {
                 ContainerType::Map => 0,
                 ContainerType::List => 1,
                 ContainerType::Text => 2,
+                ContainerType::Tree => 3,
             } << 28;
 
             Self(prefix | index)
@@ -66,6 +67,7 @@ pub mod idx {
 pub mod list;
 pub mod map;
 pub mod text;
+pub mod tree;
 
 use idx::ContainerIdx;
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/tree/mod.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/tree/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2ff8be6cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/tree/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pub(crate) mod tree_op;
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/tree/tree_op.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/tree/tree_op.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..15bfbd4ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/tree/tree_op.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+use rle::{HasLength, Mergable, Sliceable};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+use crate::state::TreeID;
+
+// TODO: tree id
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
+pub struct TreeOp {
+    pub(crate) target: TreeID,
+    pub(crate) parent: Option<TreeID>,
+}
+
+impl HasLength for TreeOp {
+    fn content_len(&self) -> usize {
+        1
+    }
+}
+
+impl Sliceable for TreeOp {
+    fn slice(&self, from: usize, to: usize) -> Self {
+        assert!(from == 0 && to == 1);
+        self.clone()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Mergable for TreeOp {}
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/delta.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta.rs
index 81d99efa7..bec34897b 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/delta.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta.rs
@@ -4,3 +4,5 @@ mod map;
 pub use map::{MapDiff, ValuePair};
 mod map_delta;
 pub use map_delta::{MapDelta, MapValue};
+mod tree;
+pub use tree::TreeDelta;
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..204ed4e03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+use fxhash::FxHashMap;
+use serde::Serialize;
+
+use crate::state::TreeID;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
+pub struct TreeDelta {
+    pub(crate) diff: FxHashMap<TreeID, Option<TreeID>>,
+}
+
+impl TreeDelta {
+    pub(crate) fn compose(&self, x: TreeDelta) -> TreeDelta {
+        // TODO: lamport sort?
+        let mut diff = self.diff.clone();
+        for (k, v) in x.diff.into_iter() {
+            if let Some(o) = diff.get_mut(&k) {
+                *o = v;
+            } else {
+                diff.insert(k, v);
+            }
+        }
+        TreeDelta { diff }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/design.excalidraw b/crates/loro-internal/src/design.excalidraw
index 20efe4efc..34058bdd2 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/design.excalidraw
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/design.excalidraw
@@ -46,8 +46,8 @@
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       "fillStyle": "hachure",
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
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@@ -118,8 +118,8 @@
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+      "version": 392,
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@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@
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@@ -198,8 +198,8 @@
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@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@
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@@ -325,8 +325,8 @@
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@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@
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@@ -444,8 +444,8 @@
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@@ -464,7 +464,7 @@
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@@ -479,8 +479,8 @@
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+      "version": 121,
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@@ -514,8 +514,8 @@
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@@ -549,8 +549,8 @@
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@@ -584,8 +584,8 @@
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@@ -849,8 +849,8 @@
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+      "version": 432,
+      "versionNonce": 1003199451,
       "isDeleted": false,
       "id": "eJOHMcb8tZxBDdoMIkp6T",
       "fillStyle": "hachure",
@@ -3121,7 +3121,7 @@
       "groupIds": [],
       "roundness": null,
       "boundElements": [],
-      "updated": 1690728456440,
+      "updated": 1695178133259,
       "link": null,
       "locked": false,
       "fontSize": 20,
@@ -3173,8 +3173,8 @@
     },
     {
       "type": "text",
-      "version": 126,
-      "versionNonce": 1183055744,
+      "version": 127,
+      "versionNonce": 1831920469,
       "isDeleted": false,
       "id": "trT98_ctKbpNENKYVphhR",
       "fillStyle": "hachure",
@@ -3193,7 +3193,7 @@
       "groupIds": [],
       "roundness": null,
       "boundElements": [],
-      "updated": 1690728456440,
+      "updated": 1695178133259,
       "link": null,
       "locked": false,
       "fontSize": 20,
@@ -3259,8 +3259,8 @@
     },
     {
       "type": "text",
-      "version": 60,
-      "versionNonce": 1398651008,
+      "version": 61,
+      "versionNonce": 1698785403,
       "isDeleted": false,
       "id": "esyuXNMFxHhWITBsKcfkg",
       "fillStyle": "hachure",
@@ -3279,7 +3279,7 @@
       "groupIds": [],
       "roundness": null,
       "boundElements": [],
-      "updated": 1690728456441,
+      "updated": 1695178133259,
       "link": null,
       "locked": false,
       "fontSize": 20,
@@ -3498,8 +3498,8 @@
     },
     {
       "type": "text",
-      "version": 397,
-      "versionNonce": 1691881344,
+      "version": 398,
+      "versionNonce": 407089333,
       "isDeleted": false,
       "id": "M5ld9FicUuQ134VaZ-Hcl",
       "fillStyle": "hachure",
@@ -3518,7 +3518,7 @@
       "groupIds": [],
       "roundness": null,
       "boundElements": [],
-      "updated": 1690728456441,
+      "updated": 1695178133259,
       "link": null,
       "locked": false,
       "fontSize": 20,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
index 890211e32..bcc93042d 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
@@ -1,15 +1,18 @@
+use std::collections::BTreeSet;
+
 use enum_dispatch::enum_dispatch;
 use fxhash::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
 use loro_common::{HasIdSpan, PeerID, ID};
 
 use crate::{
     change::Lamport,
-    container::idx::ContainerIdx,
-    delta::{MapDelta, MapValue},
+    container::{idx::ContainerIdx, tree::tree_op::TreeOp},
+    delta::{MapDelta, MapValue, TreeDelta},
     event::Diff,
     id::Counter,
     op::RichOp,
     span::{HasId, HasLamport},
+    state::TreeID,
     text::tracker::Tracker,
     version::Frontiers,
     InternalString, VersionVector,
@@ -122,6 +125,9 @@ impl DiffCalculator {
                                 crate::ContainerType::List => {
                                     ContainerDiffCalculator::List(ListDiffCalculator::default())
                                 }
+                                crate::ContainerType::Tree => {
+                                    ContainerDiffCalculator::Tree(TreeDiffCalculator::default())
+                                }
                             }
                         });
 
@@ -220,6 +226,7 @@ enum ContainerDiffCalculator {
     Text(TextDiffCalculator),
     Map(MapDiffCalculator),
     List(ListDiffCalculator),
+    Tree(TreeDiffCalculator),
 }
 
 #[derive(Default)]
@@ -449,3 +456,89 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for TextDiffCalculator {
         Diff::SeqRaw(self.tracker.diff(from, to))
     }
 }
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+struct TreeDiffCalculator {
+    trees: FxHashMap<TreeID, BTreeSet<CompactTreeNode>>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
+struct CompactTreeNode {
+    lamport: Lamport,
+    peer: PeerID,
+    counter: Counter,
+    parent: Option<TreeID>,
+}
+
+// TODO: tree
+impl DiffCalculatorTrait for TreeDiffCalculator {
+    fn start_tracking(&mut self, _oplog: &OpLog, _vv: &crate::VersionVector) {}
+
+    fn apply_change(
+        &mut self,
+        _oplog: &OpLog,
+        op: crate::op::RichOp,
+        _vv: Option<&crate::VersionVector>,
+    ) {
+        let TreeOp { target, parent } = op.op().content.as_tree().unwrap();
+        let c_node = CompactTreeNode {
+            lamport: op.lamport(),
+            peer: op.client_id(),
+            counter: op.id_start().counter,
+            parent: *parent,
+        };
+        self.trees
+            .entry(*target)
+            .or_insert_with(BTreeSet::new)
+            .insert(c_node);
+    }
+
+    fn stop_tracking(&mut self, _oplog: &OpLog, _vv: &crate::VersionVector) {}
+
+    // TODO: tree
+    fn calculate_diff(
+        &mut self,
+        _oplog: &OpLog,
+        from: &crate::VersionVector,
+        to: &crate::VersionVector,
+    ) -> Diff {
+        let mut changed = Vec::new();
+        for (k, g) in self.trees.iter_mut() {
+            let (peek_from, peek_to) = {
+                let mut f = None;
+                let mut t = None;
+                for v in g.iter().rev() {
+                    if t.is_none() && to.get(&v.peer).copied().unwrap_or(0) > v.counter {
+                        t = Some(*v);
+                    }
+                    if f.is_none() && from.get(&v.peer).copied().unwrap_or(0) > v.counter {
+                        f = Some(*v);
+                    }
+                    if t.is_some() && f.is_some() {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                (f, t)
+            };
+
+            match (peek_from, peek_to) {
+                (None, None) => {}
+                (None, Some(_)) => changed.push((*k, peek_to)),
+                (Some(_), None) => changed.push((*k, peek_to)),
+                (Some(a), Some(b)) => {
+                    if a != b {
+                        changed.push((*k, peek_to))
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        let mut updated = FxHashMap::with_capacity_and_hasher(changed.len(), Default::default());
+        for (key, value) in changed {
+            // TODO: if None?
+            let value = value.map(|v| v.parent).flatten();
+            updated.insert(key, value);
+        }
+
+        Diff::Tree(TreeDelta { diff: updated })
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs
index c64e16d40..8874d6cad 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs
@@ -158,6 +158,10 @@ pub(super) fn encode_oplog_changes(oplog: &OpLog, vv: &VersionVector) -> Vec<u8>
             let op = oplog.local_op_to_remote(op);
             for content in op.contents.into_iter() {
                 let (prop, value) = match content {
+                    crate::op::RawOpContent::Tree(_) => {
+                        // TODO: Tree
+                        todo!()
+                    }
                     crate::op::RawOpContent::Map(MapSet { key, value }) => (
                         *key_to_idx.entry(key.clone()).or_insert_with(|| {
                             keys.push(key);
@@ -264,6 +268,10 @@ pub(super) fn decode_changes_to_inner_format_oplog(
 
                 let container_type = container_id.container_type();
                 let content = match container_type {
+                    ContainerType::Tree => {
+                        // TODO: tree
+                        todo!()
+                    }
                     ContainerType::Map => {
                         let key = keys[prop].clone();
                         RawOpContent::Map(MapSet { key, value })
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs
index 3034ee3f2..760151426 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs
@@ -184,6 +184,10 @@ pub fn encode_oplog_v2(oplog: &OpLog, vv: &VersionVector) -> Vec<u8> {
             let op = oplog.local_op_to_remote(op);
             for content in op.contents.into_iter() {
                 let (prop, is_del, insert_del_len) = match content {
+                    crate::op::RawOpContent::Tree(_) => {
+                        // TODO: tree
+                        todo!()
+                    }
                     crate::op::RawOpContent::Map(MapSet { key, value }) => {
                         values.push(value.clone());
                         (
@@ -425,6 +429,10 @@ pub fn decode_oplog_v2(oplog: &mut OpLog, input: &[u8]) -> Result<(), LoroError>
                 };
                 let container_type = container_id.container_type();
                 let content = match container_type {
+                    ContainerType::Tree => {
+                        // TODO: tree
+                        todo!()
+                    }
                     ContainerType::Map => {
                         let key = keys[prop].clone();
                         RawOpContent::Map(MapSet {
@@ -441,6 +449,10 @@ pub fn decode_oplog_v2(oplog: &mut OpLog, input: &[u8]) -> Result<(), LoroError>
                             }))
                         } else {
                             match container_type {
+                                ContainerType::Tree => {
+                                    // TODO: tree
+                                    todo!()
+                                }
                                 ContainerType::Text => {
                                     let insert_len = insert_del_len as usize;
                                     let s = &str[str_index..str_index + insert_len];
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs
index 9d66b04a3..e331341be 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
 
 use crate::{
-    delta::{Delta, MapDelta, MapDiff},
+    delta::{Delta, MapDelta, MapDiff, TreeDelta},
     text::text_content::SliceRanges,
     InternalString, LoroValue,
 };
@@ -135,6 +135,7 @@ pub enum Diff {
     /// @deprecated
     Map(MapDiff<LoroValue>),
     NewMap(MapDelta),
+    Tree(TreeDelta),
 }
 
 impl Diff {
@@ -146,6 +147,7 @@ impl Diff {
             (Diff::Text(a), Diff::Text(b)) => Ok(Diff::Text(a.compose(b))),
             (Diff::Map(a), Diff::Map(b)) => Ok(Diff::Map(a.compose(b))),
             (Diff::NewMap(a), Diff::NewMap(b)) => Ok(Diff::NewMap(a.compose(b))),
+            (Diff::Tree(a), Diff::Tree(b)) => Ok(Diff::Tree(a.compose(b))),
             (a, _) => Err(a),
         }
     }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
index 9096fd130..42e480ba4 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
@@ -296,6 +296,10 @@ impl Actor {
             ContainerType::List => self
                 .list_containers
                 .push(ListHandler::new(idx, Arc::downgrade(self.loro.app_state()))),
+            ContainerType::Tree => {
+                // TODO: tree
+                todo!()
+            }
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
index 90db2239b..0004e2364 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
@@ -51,11 +51,24 @@ impl std::fmt::Debug for ListHandler {
     }
 }
 
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct TreeHandler {
+    container_idx: ContainerIdx,
+    state: Weak<Mutex<DocState>>,
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Debug for TreeHandler {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.write_str("TreeHandler")
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Clone, EnumAsInner, Debug)]
 pub enum Handler {
     Text(TextHandler),
     Map(MapHandler),
     List(ListHandler),
+    Tree(TreeHandler),
 }
 
 impl Handler {
@@ -64,6 +77,7 @@ impl Handler {
             Self::Text(x) => x.container_idx,
             Self::Map(x) => x.container_idx,
             Self::List(x) => x.container_idx,
+            Self::Tree(x) => x.container_idx,
         }
     }
 
@@ -72,6 +86,7 @@ impl Handler {
             Self::Text(_) => ContainerType::Text,
             Self::Map(_) => ContainerType::Map,
             Self::List(_) => ContainerType::List,
+            Self::Tree(_) => ContainerType::Tree,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -82,6 +97,7 @@ impl Handler {
             ContainerType::Text => Self::Text(TextHandler::new(value, state)),
             ContainerType::Map => Self::Map(MapHandler::new(value, state)),
             ContainerType::List => Self::List(ListHandler::new(value, state)),
+            ContainerType::Tree => Self::Tree(TreeHandler::new(value, state)),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -670,6 +686,16 @@ impl MapHandler {
     }
 }
 
+impl TreeHandler {
+    pub fn new(idx: ContainerIdx, state: Weak<Mutex<DocState>>) -> Self {
+        assert_eq!(idx.get_type(), ContainerType::Text);
+        Self {
+            container_idx: idx,
+            state,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test {
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/op/content.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/op/content.rs
index abd7327fb..05bc008a3 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/op/content.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/op/content.rs
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use crate::container::{
     list::list_op::{InnerListOp, ListOp},
     map::{InnerMapSet, MapSet},
+    tree::tree_op::TreeOp,
 };
 
 /// @deprecated
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ pub enum ContentType {
 pub enum InnerContent {
     List(InnerListOp),
     Map(InnerMapSet),
+    Tree(TreeOp),
 }
 
 // Note: It will be encoded into binary format, so the order of its fields should not be changed.
@@ -31,6 +33,7 @@ pub enum InnerContent {
 pub enum RawOpContent<'a> {
     Map(MapSet),
     List(ListOp<'a>),
+    Tree(TreeOp),
 }
 
 impl<'a> Clone for RawOpContent<'a> {
@@ -38,6 +41,7 @@ impl<'a> Clone for RawOpContent<'a> {
         match self {
             Self::Map(arg0) => Self::Map(arg0.clone()),
             Self::List(arg0) => Self::List(arg0.clone()),
+            Self::Tree(arg0) => Self::Tree(arg0.clone()),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -53,6 +57,7 @@ impl<'a> RawOpContent<'a> {
                 }),
                 ListOp::Delete(x) => RawOpContent::List(ListOp::Delete(*x)),
             },
+            Self::Tree(arg0) => RawOpContent::Tree(arg0.clone()),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -98,6 +103,7 @@ impl<'a> HasLength for RawOpContent<'a> {
         match self {
             RawOpContent::Map(x) => x.content_len(),
             RawOpContent::List(x) => x.content_len(),
+            RawOpContent::Tree(x) => x.content_len(),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -107,6 +113,7 @@ impl<'a> Sliceable for RawOpContent<'a> {
         match self {
             RawOpContent::Map(x) => RawOpContent::Map(x.slice(from, to)),
             RawOpContent::List(x) => RawOpContent::List(x.slice(from, to)),
+            RawOpContent::Tree(x) => RawOpContent::Tree(x.slice(from, to)),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -136,6 +143,10 @@ impl<'a> Mergable for RawOpContent<'a> {
                 RawOpContent::List(y) => x.merge(y, &()),
                 _ => unreachable!(),
             },
+            RawOpContent::Tree(x) => match _other {
+                RawOpContent::Tree(y) => x.merge(y, &()),
+                _ => unreachable!(),
+            },
         }
     }
 }
@@ -145,6 +156,7 @@ impl HasLength for InnerContent {
         match self {
             InnerContent::List(list) => list.atom_len(),
             InnerContent::Map(_) => 1,
+            InnerContent::Tree(_) => 1,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -154,6 +166,7 @@ impl Sliceable for InnerContent {
         match self {
             a @ InnerContent::Map(_) => a.clone(),
             InnerContent::List(x) => InnerContent::List(x.slice(from, to)),
+            a @ InnerContent::Tree(_) => a.clone(),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -179,6 +192,7 @@ impl Mergable for InnerContent {
                 _ => unreachable!(),
             },
             InnerContent::Map(_) => unreachable!(),
+            InnerContent::Tree(_) => unreachable!(),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
index 85560174c..aeb83e4cf 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ use rle::{HasLength, RleVec};
 
 use crate::change::{Change, Lamport, Timestamp};
 use crate::container::list::list_op;
+use crate::container::tree::tree_op::TreeOp;
 use crate::dag::DagUtils;
 use crate::encoding::{decode_oplog, encode_oplog, EncodeMode};
 use crate::encoding::{ClientChanges, RemoteClientChanges};
@@ -390,6 +391,7 @@ impl OpLog {
                         }))
                     }
                     loro_common::ContainerType::Map => unreachable!(),
+                    loro_common::ContainerType::Tree => unreachable!(),
                 },
                 list_op::InnerListOp::Delete(del) => {
                     contents.push(RawOpContent::List(list_op::ListOp::Delete(*del)))
@@ -405,6 +407,8 @@ impl OpLog {
                     value,
                 }))
             }
+            // TODO: tree RawOp
+            crate::op::InnerContent::Tree(tree) => contents.push(RawOpContent::Tree(*tree)),
         };
 
         RemoteOp {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
index c2a4dd4bc..4606beb02 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
@@ -159,6 +159,10 @@ pub fn decode_oplog(
                         _ => unreachable!(),
                     }
                 }
+                loro_common::ContainerType::Tree => {
+                    // TODO: tree
+                    todo!()
+                }
             };
             *counter_mut += op.content_len() as Counter;
             ops.push(op);
@@ -496,6 +500,10 @@ fn preprocess_app_state(app_state: &DocState) -> PreEncodedState {
 
     for (_, state) in app_state.states.iter() {
         match state {
+            State::TreeState(_) => {
+                // TODO: tree
+                todo!()
+            }
             State::ListState(list) => {
                 let v = list.iter().map(|value| record_value(value)).collect();
                 encoded.states.push(EncodedContainerState::List(v))
@@ -630,6 +638,10 @@ fn encode_oplog(oplog: &OpLog, state_ref: Option<PreEncodedState>) -> FinalPhase
         let op_index_start = encoded_ops.len();
         for op in change.ops.iter() {
             match &op.content {
+                InnerContent::Tree(_) => {
+                    // TODO: tree
+                    todo!()
+                }
                 InnerContent::List(list) => match list {
                     InnerListOp::Insert { slice, pos } => match op.container.get_type() {
                         loro_common::ContainerType::Text => {
@@ -663,6 +675,7 @@ fn encode_oplog(oplog: &OpLog, state_ref: Option<PreEncodedState>) -> FinalPhase
                             }
                         }
                         loro_common::ContainerType::Map => unreachable!(),
+                        loro_common::ContainerType::Tree => unreachable!(),
                     },
                     InnerListOp::Delete(del) => {
                         encoded_ops.push(EncodedSnapshotOp::from(
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
index e6470d796..9fde7e55d 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
@@ -21,10 +21,12 @@ use crate::{
 mod list_state;
 mod map_state;
 mod text_state;
+mod tree_state;
 
 pub(crate) use list_state::ListState;
 pub(crate) use map_state::MapState;
 pub(crate) use text_state::TextState;
+pub(crate) use tree_state::{TreeID, TreeState};
 
 use super::{
     arena::SharedArena,
@@ -49,8 +51,8 @@ pub struct DocState {
 
 #[enum_dispatch]
 pub trait ContainerState: Clone {
-    fn apply_diff(&mut self, diff: &mut Diff, arena: &SharedArena);
-    fn apply_op(&mut self, op: RawOp, arena: &SharedArena);
+    fn apply_diff(&mut self, diff: &mut Diff, arena: &SharedArena) -> LoroResult<()>;
+    fn apply_op(&mut self, op: RawOp, arena: &SharedArena) -> LoroResult<()>;
     /// Convert a state to a diff that when apply this diff on a empty state,
     /// the state will be the same as this state.
     fn to_diff(&self) -> Diff;
@@ -85,6 +87,7 @@ pub enum State {
     ListState,
     MapState,
     TextState,
+    TreeState,
 }
 
 impl State {
@@ -308,6 +311,8 @@ impl DocState {
                 ContainerType::Text => LoroValue::String(Arc::new(Default::default())),
                 ContainerType::Map => LoroValue::Map(Arc::new(Default::default())),
                 ContainerType::List => LoroValue::List(Arc::new(Default::default())),
+                // TODO: Tree
+                ContainerType::Tree => LoroValue::String(Arc::new(Default::default())),
             })
     }
 
@@ -696,6 +701,7 @@ impl DocState {
                 *diff = Diff::List(list);
             }
             ContainerType::Map => unreachable!(),
+            ContainerType::Tree => unreachable!(),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -705,6 +711,7 @@ pub fn create_state(idx: ContainerIdx) -> State {
         ContainerType::Text => State::TextState(TextState::new()),
         ContainerType::Map => State::MapState(MapState::new(idx)),
         ContainerType::List => State::ListState(ListState::new(idx)),
+        ContainerType::Tree => State::TreeState(TreeState::new(idx)),
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs
index 9f634fddc..bbf3be466 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ use fxhash::FxHashMap;
 use generic_btree::{
     ArenaIndex, BTree, BTreeTrait, FindResult, LengthFinder, QueryResult, UseLengthFinder,
 };
+use loro_common::LoroResult;
 
 use super::ContainerState;
 
@@ -259,7 +260,7 @@ impl ListState {
 }
 
 impl ContainerState for ListState {
-    fn apply_diff(&mut self, diff: &mut Diff, arena: &SharedArena) {
+    fn apply_diff(&mut self, diff: &mut Diff, arena: &SharedArena) -> LoroResult<()> {
         match diff {
             Diff::List(delta) => {
                 let mut index = 0;
@@ -319,11 +320,13 @@ impl ContainerState for ListState {
             }
             _ => unreachable!(),
         };
+        Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn apply_op(&mut self, op: RawOp, arena: &SharedArena) {
+    fn apply_op(&mut self, op: RawOp, arena: &SharedArena) -> LoroResult<()> {
         match op.content {
             RawOpContent::Map(_) => unreachable!(),
+            RawOpContent::Tree(_) => unreachable!(),
             RawOpContent::List(list) => match list {
                 crate::container::list::list_op::ListOp::Insert { slice, pos } => match slice {
                     crate::container::text::text_content::ListSlice::RawData(list) => match list {
@@ -355,6 +358,7 @@ impl ContainerState for ListState {
                 }
             },
         }
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     #[doc = " Start a transaction"]
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/map_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/map_state.rs
index b55d206d8..731af9c56 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/map_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/map_state.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use std::{mem, sync::Arc};
 
 use fxhash::FxHashMap;
-use loro_common::ContainerID;
+use loro_common::{ContainerID, LoroResult};
 
 use crate::{
     arena::SharedArena,
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ pub struct MapState {
 }
 
 impl ContainerState for MapState {
-    fn apply_diff(&mut self, diff: &mut Diff, arena: &SharedArena) {
+    fn apply_diff(&mut self, diff: &mut Diff, arena: &SharedArena) -> LoroResult<()> {
         if let Diff::NewMap(delta) = diff {
             for (key, value) in delta.updated.iter() {
                 if let Some(LoroValue::Container(c)) = &value.value {
@@ -35,9 +35,10 @@ impl ContainerState for MapState {
                 self.store_txn_snapshot(key.clone(), old);
             }
         }
+        Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn apply_op(&mut self, op: RawOp, arena: &SharedArena) {
+    fn apply_op(&mut self, op: RawOp, arena: &SharedArena) -> LoroResult<()> {
         match op.content {
             RawOpContent::Map(MapSet { key, value }) => {
                 if value.is_none() {
@@ -66,8 +67,9 @@ impl ContainerState for MapState {
                     },
                 )
             }
-            RawOpContent::List(_) => unreachable!(),
+            _ => unreachable!(),
         }
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     fn start_txn(&mut self) {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/text_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/text_state.rs
index 6ef87e441..ba4d608f8 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/text_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/text_state.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 use std::{ops::Range, sync::Arc};
 
 use jumprope::JumpRope;
+use loro_common::LoroResult;
 
 use crate::{
     arena::SharedArena,
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ enum UndoItem {
 }
 
 impl ContainerState for TextState {
-    fn apply_diff(&mut self, diff: &mut Diff, arena: &SharedArena) {
+    fn apply_diff(&mut self, diff: &mut Diff, arena: &SharedArena) -> LoroResult<()> {
         match diff {
             Diff::SeqRaw(delta) => {
                 if let Some(new_diff) = self.apply_seq_raw(delta, arena) {
@@ -72,9 +73,10 @@ impl ContainerState for TextState {
             }
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }
+        Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn apply_op(&mut self, op: RawOp, _arena: &SharedArena) {
+    fn apply_op(&mut self, op: RawOp, _arena: &SharedArena) -> LoroResult<()> {
         match op.content {
             RawOpContent::List(list) => match list {
                 crate::container::list::list_op::ListOp::Insert { slice, pos } => match slice {
@@ -90,8 +92,10 @@ impl ContainerState for TextState {
                     self.delete_unicode(del.pos as usize..del.pos as usize + del.len as usize);
                 }
             },
-            _ => unreachable!(),
+            RawOpContent::Map(_) => unreachable!(),
+            RawOpContent::Tree(_) => unreachable!(),
         }
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     #[doc = " Start a transaction"]
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c45c1c9f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,355 @@
+use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
+
+use fxhash::FxHashMap;
+use loro_common::{Counter, LoroError, LoroResult, LoroValue, PeerID};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+use crate::{
+    arena::SharedArena,
+    container::{idx::ContainerIdx, tree::tree_op::TreeOp},
+    event::Diff,
+    op::RawOp,
+};
+
+use super::ContainerState;
+
+pub(crate) const DELETED_TREE_ROOT: Option<TreeID> = Some(TreeID {
+    peer: PeerID::MAX,
+    counter: Counter::MAX,
+});
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Hash, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct TreeID {
+    pub(crate) peer: PeerID,
+    pub(crate) counter: Counter,
+}
+
+// TODO: use arena save TreeID
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct TreeState {
+    idx: ContainerIdx,
+    trees: FxHashMap<TreeID, Option<TreeID>>,
+    in_txn: bool,
+    undo_items: Vec<TreeUndoItem>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+struct TreeUndoItem {
+    target: TreeID,
+    old_parent: Option<TreeID>,
+}
+
+impl TreeState {
+    pub fn new(idx: ContainerIdx) -> Self {
+        let mut trees = FxHashMap::default();
+        trees.insert(DELETED_TREE_ROOT.unwrap(), None);
+        Self {
+            idx,
+            trees,
+            in_txn: false,
+            undo_items: Vec::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn mov(&mut self, target: TreeID, parent: Option<TreeID>) -> Result<(), LoroError> {
+        let mut deleted = false;
+        let mut contained = false;
+
+        if let Some(old_parent) = self.trees.get_mut(&target) {
+            contained = true;
+            if old_parent
+                .map(|p| self.is_deleted(&p).unwrap())
+                .unwrap_or(false)
+            {
+                deleted = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        let Some(parent) = parent else{
+            if deleted{
+                // the node exists but is deleted, now want to create it.
+                // keep the deleted state
+                return Ok(());
+            }
+            // new root node
+            self.trees.insert(target, parent);
+            if self.in_txn {
+                self.undo_items.push(TreeUndoItem {
+                    target,
+                    old_parent: DELETED_TREE_ROOT,
+                })
+            }
+            return Ok(());
+        };
+
+        if contained {
+            if self.is_ancestor_of(&target, &parent) {
+                return Err(LoroError::CyclicMoveErr);
+            }
+            if *self.trees.get(&target).unwrap() == Some(parent) {
+                return Ok(());
+            }
+            // move or delete
+            let old_parent = self.trees.get_mut(&target).unwrap().replace(parent);
+            if self.in_txn {
+                self.undo_items.push(TreeUndoItem { target, old_parent })
+            }
+        } else {
+            // new children node
+            self.trees.insert(target, Some(parent));
+            if self.in_txn {
+                self.undo_items.push(TreeUndoItem {
+                    target,
+                    old_parent: DELETED_TREE_ROOT,
+                })
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[inline(never)]
+    fn is_ancestor_of(&self, maybe_ancestor: &TreeID, node_id: &TreeID) -> bool {
+        if maybe_ancestor == node_id {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        let mut node_id = node_id;
+        loop {
+            let parent = self.trees.get(node_id).unwrap();
+            match parent {
+                Some(parent_id) if parent_id == maybe_ancestor => return true,
+                Some(parent_id) if parent_id == node_id => panic!("loop detected"),
+                Some(parent_id) => {
+                    node_id = parent_id;
+                }
+                None => return false,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn delete(&mut self, target: TreeID) {
+        // deletion never occurs CycleMoveError
+        self.mov(target, DELETED_TREE_ROOT).unwrap()
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_deleted(&self, target: &TreeID) -> Option<bool> {
+        self.trees.get(target).map(|&p| p == DELETED_TREE_ROOT)
+    }
+}
+
+impl ContainerState for TreeState {
+    fn apply_diff(&mut self, diff: &mut Diff, _arena: &SharedArena) -> LoroResult<()> {
+        if let Diff::Tree(tree) = diff {
+            for (target, parent) in &tree.diff {
+                self.mov(*target, *parent)?
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn apply_op(&mut self, op: RawOp, _arena: &SharedArena) -> LoroResult<()> {
+        match op.content {
+            crate::op::RawOpContent::Tree(tree) => {
+                let TreeOp { target, parent } = tree;
+                self.mov(target, parent)
+            }
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn to_diff(&self) -> Diff {
+        todo!()
+    }
+
+    fn start_txn(&mut self) {
+        self.in_txn = true;
+    }
+
+    fn abort_txn(&mut self) {
+        self.in_txn = false;
+        while let Some(op) = self.undo_items.pop() {
+            let TreeUndoItem { target, old_parent } = op;
+            // TODO: not delete? new node?
+            if old_parent == DELETED_TREE_ROOT {
+                self.trees.remove(&target);
+                continue;
+            }
+            self.mov(target, old_parent).unwrap();
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn commit_txn(&mut self) {
+        self.undo_items.clear();
+        self.in_txn = false;
+    }
+
+    fn get_value(&self) -> LoroValue {
+        todo!()
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct Forest(Vec<TreeNode>);
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct TreeNode {
+    id: TreeID,
+    parent: Option<TreeID>,
+    children: Vec<TreeNode>,
+}
+
+impl Forest {
+    fn from_tree_state(state: &FxHashMap<TreeID, Option<TreeID>>) -> Self {
+        let mut forest = Self::default();
+        let mut node_to_children = FxHashMap::default();
+
+        for (id, parent) in state
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|(_, &parent)| parent != DELETED_TREE_ROOT)
+        {
+            if let Some(parent) = parent {
+                node_to_children
+                    .entry(*parent)
+                    .or_insert_with(Vec::new)
+                    .push(*id)
+            }
+        }
+
+        for root in state
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|(&id, parent)| parent.is_none() && id != DELETED_TREE_ROOT.unwrap())
+            .map(|(id, _)| *id)
+        {
+            let mut stack = vec![(
+                root,
+                TreeNode {
+                    id: root,
+                    parent: None,
+                    children: vec![],
+                },
+            )];
+            let mut id_to_node = FxHashMap::default();
+            while let Some((id, mut node)) = stack.pop() {
+                if let Some(children) = node_to_children.get(&id) {
+                    let mut children_to_stack = Vec::new();
+                    for child in children {
+                        if let Some(child_node) = id_to_node.remove(child) {
+                            node.children.push(child_node);
+                        } else {
+                            children_to_stack.push((
+                                *child,
+                                TreeNode {
+                                    id: *child,
+                                    parent: Some(id),
+                                    children: vec![],
+                                },
+                            ));
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if !children_to_stack.is_empty() {
+                        stack.push((id, node));
+                        stack.extend(children_to_stack);
+                    } else {
+                        id_to_node.insert(id, node);
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    id_to_node.insert(id, node);
+                }
+            }
+            forest.push(id_to_node.remove(&root).unwrap());
+        }
+        forest
+    }
+
+    fn to_state(&self) -> FxHashMap<TreeID, Option<TreeID>> {
+        let mut ans = FxHashMap::default();
+        for root in self.0.iter() {
+            let mut stack = vec![root];
+            while let Some(node) = stack.pop() {
+                ans.insert(node.id, node.parent);
+                stack.extend(node.children.iter())
+            }
+        }
+        ans
+    }
+}
+
+impl Deref for Forest {
+    type Target = Vec<TreeNode>;
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        &self.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl DerefMut for Forest {
+    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
+        &mut self.0
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    const ID1: TreeID = TreeID {
+        peer: 0,
+        counter: 0,
+    };
+    const ID2: TreeID = TreeID {
+        peer: 0,
+        counter: 1,
+    };
+    const ID3: TreeID = TreeID {
+        peer: 0,
+        counter: 2,
+    };
+    const ID4: TreeID = TreeID {
+        peer: 0,
+        counter: 3,
+    };
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_tree_state() {
+        let mut state = TreeState::new(ContainerIdx::from_index_and_type(
+            0,
+            loro_common::ContainerType::Tree,
+        ));
+        state.mov(ID1, None).unwrap();
+        state.mov(ID2, Some(ID1)).unwrap();
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn tree_convert() {
+        let mut state = TreeState::new(ContainerIdx::from_index_and_type(
+            0,
+            loro_common::ContainerType::Tree,
+        ));
+        state.mov(ID1, None).unwrap();
+        state.mov(ID2, Some(ID1)).unwrap();
+        let roots = Forest::from_tree_state(&state.trees);
+        let json = serde_json::to_string(&roots).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            json,
+            r#"[{"id":{"peer":0,"counter":0},"parent":null,"children":[{"id":{"peer":0,"counter":1},"parent":{"peer":0,"counter":0},"children":[]}]}]"#
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn delete_node() {
+        let mut state = TreeState::new(ContainerIdx::from_index_and_type(
+            0,
+            loro_common::ContainerType::Tree,
+        ));
+        state.mov(ID1, None).unwrap();
+        state.mov(ID2, Some(ID1)).unwrap();
+        state.mov(ID3, Some(ID2)).unwrap();
+        state.mov(ID4, Some(ID1)).unwrap();
+        state.delete(ID2);
+        let roots = Forest::from_tree_state(&state.trees);
+        let json = serde_json::to_string(&roots).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            json,
+            r#"[{"id":{"peer":0,"counter":0},"parent":null,"children":[{"id":{"peer":0,"counter":3},"parent":{"peer":0,"counter":0},"children":[]}]}]"#
+        )
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
index 5bb617705..2f23d7f05 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
@@ -354,6 +354,8 @@ fn change_to_diff(
                         );
                         Diff::NewMap(crate::delta::MapDelta { updated })
                     }
+                    // TODO: tree
+                    crate::op::InnerContent::Tree(map) => todo!(),
                 },
             }
         };
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
index 2be3cb11c..5a062a768 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ enum TypeHint {
     Map,
     Text,
     List,
+    Tree,
 }
 
 pub trait ApplyDiff {
@@ -156,6 +157,7 @@ impl ApplyDiff for LoroValue {
             Diff::NewMap(_) => TypeHint::Map,
             Diff::SeqRaw(_) => TypeHint::Text,
             Diff::SeqRawUtf16(_) => TypeHint::Text,
+            Diff::Tree(_) => TypeHint::Tree,
         };
         {
             let mut hints = Vec::with_capacity(path.len());
@@ -177,6 +179,10 @@ impl ApplyDiff for LoroValue {
                             TypeHint::Map => LoroValue::Map(Default::default()),
                             TypeHint::Text => LoroValue::String(Arc::new(String::new())),
                             TypeHint::List => LoroValue::List(Default::default()),
+                            TypeHint::Tree => {
+                                // TODO: tree
+                                todo!()
+                            }
                         })
                     }
                     Index::Seq(index) => {
@@ -199,6 +205,10 @@ fn unresolved_to_collection(v: &LoroValue) -> LoroValue {
             crate::ContainerType::Text => LoroValue::String(Default::default()),
             crate::ContainerType::Map => LoroValue::Map(Default::default()),
             crate::ContainerType::List => LoroValue::List(Default::default()),
+            crate::ContainerType::Tree => {
+                // TODO: tree
+                todo!()
+            }
         }
     } else {
         v.clone()
@@ -269,6 +279,10 @@ pub mod wasm {
             // create a obj
             let obj = Object::new();
             match value {
+                Diff::Tree(_) => {
+                    // TODO: tree
+                    todo!()
+                }
                 Diff::List(list) => {
                     // set type as "list"
                     js_sys::Reflect::set(

From d5c557eeeb7541c1f158eea9dadfab9554cea509 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 16:10:35 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 030/111] feat: tree value

---
 crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs                 |  3 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs             | 14 ++++--
 .../src/container/tree/tree_op.rs             |  4 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs         |  2 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs             |  1 -
 crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs             |  3 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs               |  9 ++--
 crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs             | 48 ++++++++++++++-----
 8 files changed, 56 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs b/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
index 3bf5ead91..d153d5b67 100644
--- a/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
@@ -92,8 +92,7 @@ impl ContainerType {
             ContainerType::Text => LoroValue::String(Arc::new(String::new())),
             ContainerType::Map => LoroValue::Map(Arc::new(Default::default())),
             ContainerType::List => LoroValue::List(Arc::new(Default::default())),
-            // TODO: tree
-            ContainerType::Tree => todo!(),
+            ContainerType::Tree => LoroValue::String(Arc::new(String::new())),
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs
index 3dc231303..aa0abac54 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs
@@ -127,8 +127,11 @@ impl<'a> OpConverter<'a> {
                     content: crate::op::InnerContent::List(InnerListOp::Delete(span)),
                 },
             },
-            // TODO: Tree
-            crate::op::RawOpContent::Tree(tree) => todo!(),
+            crate::op::RawOpContent::Tree(tree) => Op {
+                container,
+                counter,
+                content: crate::op::InnerContent::Tree(tree),
+            },
         }
     }
 }
@@ -340,8 +343,11 @@ impl SharedArena {
                     content: crate::op::InnerContent::List(InnerListOp::Delete(span)),
                 },
             },
-            // TODO: tree
-            crate::op::RawOpContent::Tree(tree) => todo!(),
+            crate::op::RawOpContent::Tree(tree) => Op {
+                counter,
+                container,
+                content: crate::op::InnerContent::Tree(tree),
+            },
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/tree/tree_op.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/tree/tree_op.rs
index 15bfbd4ad..4ba71e7da 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/tree/tree_op.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/tree/tree_op.rs
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@ use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
 use crate::state::TreeID;
 
-// TODO: tree id
-
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
 pub struct TreeOp {
     pub(crate) target: TreeID,
@@ -20,7 +18,7 @@ impl HasLength for TreeOp {
 impl Sliceable for TreeOp {
     fn slice(&self, from: usize, to: usize) -> Self {
         assert!(from == 0 && to == 1);
-        self.clone()
+        *self
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
index bcc93042d..e94a8d7ad 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
@@ -535,7 +535,7 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for TreeDiffCalculator {
         let mut updated = FxHashMap::with_capacity_and_hasher(changed.len(), Default::default());
         for (key, value) in changed {
             // TODO: if None?
-            let value = value.map(|v| v.parent).flatten();
+            let value = value.and_then(|v| v.parent);
             updated.insert(key, value);
         }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
index aeb83e4cf..ebfc65e93 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
@@ -407,7 +407,6 @@ impl OpLog {
                     value,
                 }))
             }
-            // TODO: tree RawOp
             crate::op::InnerContent::Tree(tree) => contents.push(RawOpContent::Tree(*tree)),
         };
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
index 9fde7e55d..6c15ccb47 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ mod tree_state;
 pub(crate) use list_state::ListState;
 pub(crate) use map_state::MapState;
 pub(crate) use text_state::TextState;
-pub(crate) use tree_state::{TreeID, TreeState};
+pub(crate) use tree_state::{Forest, TreeID, TreeState};
 
 use super::{
     arena::SharedArena,
@@ -311,7 +311,6 @@ impl DocState {
                 ContainerType::Text => LoroValue::String(Arc::new(Default::default())),
                 ContainerType::Map => LoroValue::Map(Arc::new(Default::default())),
                 ContainerType::List => LoroValue::List(Arc::new(Default::default())),
-                // TODO: Tree
                 ContainerType::Tree => LoroValue::String(Arc::new(Default::default())),
             })
     }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
index 2f23d7f05..b0838e814 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use crate::{
         idx::ContainerIdx, list::list_op::InnerListOp, text::text_content::SliceRanges,
         IntoContainerId,
     },
-    delta::{Delta, MapValue},
+    delta::{Delta, MapValue, TreeDelta},
     event::Diff,
     id::{Counter, PeerID, ID},
     op::{Op, RawOp, RawOpContent},
@@ -354,8 +354,11 @@ fn change_to_diff(
                         );
                         Diff::NewMap(crate::delta::MapDelta { updated })
                     }
-                    // TODO: tree
-                    crate::op::InnerContent::Tree(map) => todo!(),
+                    crate::op::InnerContent::Tree(tree) => {
+                        let mut diff = FxHashMap::default();
+                        diff.insert(tree.target, tree.parent);
+                        Diff::Tree(TreeDelta { diff })
+                    }
                 },
             }
         };
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
index 5a062a768..6b4c88701 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
@@ -58,6 +58,8 @@ impl ApplyDiff for LoroValue {
     fn apply_diff(&mut self, diff: &[Diff]) {
         match self {
             LoroValue::String(value) => {
+                // TODO: tree
+
                 let mut s = value.to_string();
                 for item in diff.iter() {
                     let delta = item.as_text().unwrap();
@@ -179,10 +181,7 @@ impl ApplyDiff for LoroValue {
                             TypeHint::Map => LoroValue::Map(Default::default()),
                             TypeHint::Text => LoroValue::String(Arc::new(String::new())),
                             TypeHint::List => LoroValue::List(Default::default()),
-                            TypeHint::Tree => {
-                                // TODO: tree
-                                todo!()
-                            }
+                            TypeHint::Tree => LoroValue::String(Arc::new(String::new())),
                         })
                     }
                     Index::Seq(index) => {
@@ -205,10 +204,7 @@ fn unresolved_to_collection(v: &LoroValue) -> LoroValue {
             crate::ContainerType::Text => LoroValue::String(Default::default()),
             crate::ContainerType::Map => LoroValue::Map(Default::default()),
             crate::ContainerType::List => LoroValue::List(Default::default()),
-            crate::ContainerType::Tree => {
-                // TODO: tree
-                todo!()
-            }
+            crate::ContainerType::Tree => LoroValue::String(Default::default()),
         }
     } else {
         v.clone()
@@ -223,8 +219,9 @@ pub mod wasm {
     use wasm_bindgen::{JsValue, __rt::IntoJsResult};
 
     use crate::{
-        delta::{Delta, DeltaItem, MapDelta, MapDiff},
+        delta::{Delta, DeltaItem, MapDelta, MapDiff, TreeDelta},
         event::{Diff, Index},
+        state::TreeID,
         LoroValue,
     };
 
@@ -279,9 +276,15 @@ pub mod wasm {
             // create a obj
             let obj = Object::new();
             match value {
-                Diff::Tree(_) => {
-                    // TODO: tree
-                    todo!()
+                Diff::Tree(tree) => {
+                    js_sys::Reflect::set(
+                        &obj,
+                        &JsValue::from_str("type"),
+                        &JsValue::from_str("tree"),
+                    )
+                    .unwrap();
+
+                    js_sys::Reflect::set(&obj, &JsValue::from_str("diff"), &tree.into()).unwrap();
                 }
                 Diff::List(list) => {
                     // set type as "list"
@@ -373,6 +376,27 @@ pub mod wasm {
         }
     }
 
+    impl From<TreeID> for JsValue {
+        fn from(value: TreeID) -> Self {
+            let TreeID { peer, counter } = value;
+            let obj = Object::new();
+            js_sys::Reflect::set(&obj, &JsValue::from_str("peer"), &JsValue::from(peer)).unwrap();
+            js_sys::Reflect::set(&obj, &JsValue::from_str("counter"), &JsValue::from(counter))
+                .unwrap();
+            obj.into_js_result().unwrap()
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl From<TreeDelta> for JsValue {
+        fn from(value: TreeDelta) -> Self {
+            let obj = Object::new();
+            for (key, value) in value.diff.into_iter() {
+                js_sys::Reflect::set(&obj, &key.into(), &value.into()).unwrap();
+            }
+            obj.into_js_result().unwrap()
+        }
+    }
+
     impl From<MapDelta> for JsValue {
         fn from(value: MapDelta) -> Self {
             let obj = Object::new();

From 2fc6cf8af5bf9b5143bbd57945c123178f9b8165 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 16:10:35 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 031/111] feat: tree handler

---
 crates/loro-common/src/error.rs               |  4 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/container.rs         |  1 +
 .../src/encoding/encode_changes.rs            | 65 +++++++++++++--
 crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs           | 79 ++++++++++++++++++-
 crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs              |  8 ++
 crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs             |  8 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs  | 47 +++++++++--
 crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs             | 43 +++++-----
 crates/loro-internal/tests/test.rs            | 14 ++++
 9 files changed, 234 insertions(+), 35 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-common/src/error.rs b/crates/loro-common/src/error.rs
index fc09a2729..d88213a3c 100644
--- a/crates/loro-common/src/error.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-common/src/error.rs
@@ -33,7 +33,9 @@ pub enum LoroError {
     #[error("Every op id should be unique. ID {id} has been used. You should use a new PeerID to edit the content. ")]
     UsedOpID { id: ID },
     #[error("`Cycle move` occurs when moving tree nodes.")]
-    CyclicMoveErr,
+    CyclicMoveError,
+    #[error("Deserialize json string error")]
+    DeserializeJsonStringError,
     // #[error("the data for key `{0}` is not available")]
     // Redaction(String),
     // #[error("invalid header (expected {expected:?}, found {found:?})")]
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container.rs
index be76ec88f..f1d454146 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container.rs
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ pub mod idx {
                 0 => ContainerType::Map,
                 1 => ContainerType::List,
                 2 => ContainerType::Text,
+                3 => ContainerType::Tree,
                 _ => unreachable!(),
             }
         }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs
index 8874d6cad..0d6d56310 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ use crate::{
     container::{
         list::list_op::{DeleteSpan, ListOp},
         map::MapSet,
+        tree::tree_op::TreeOp,
         ContainerID, ContainerType,
     },
     encoding::RemoteClientChanges,
@@ -18,6 +19,7 @@ use crate::{
     op::{RawOpContent, RemoteOp},
     oplog::OpLog,
     span::HasId,
+    state::TreeID,
     version::Frontiers,
     InternalString, LoroError, LoroValue, VersionVector,
 };
@@ -63,6 +65,33 @@ pub(super) struct DepsEncoding {
     pub(super) counter: Counter,
 }
 
+#[columnar(vec, ser, de)]
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
+pub(super) struct TreeIDEncoding {
+    #[columnar(strategy = "Rle")]
+    peer: PeerID,
+    #[columnar(strategy = "DeltaRle")]
+    counter: Counter,
+}
+
+impl From<TreeID> for TreeIDEncoding {
+    fn from(value: TreeID) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            peer: value.peer,
+            counter: value.counter,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<TreeIDEncoding> for TreeID {
+    fn from(value: TreeIDEncoding) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            peer: value.peer,
+            counter: value.counter,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl DepsEncoding {
     pub(super) fn new(client_idx: ClientIdx, counter: Counter) -> Self {
         Self {
@@ -84,6 +113,8 @@ struct DocEncoding {
     clients: Clients,
     containers: Containers,
     keys: Vec<InternalString>,
+    #[columnar(class = "vec")]
+    tree_ids: Vec<TreeIDEncoding>,
     start_counter: Vec<Counter>,
 }
 
@@ -128,6 +159,9 @@ pub(super) fn encode_oplog_changes(oplog: &OpLog, vv: &VersionVector) -> Vec<u8>
     let mut ops = Vec::with_capacity(change_num);
     let mut keys = Vec::new();
     let mut key_to_idx = FxHashMap::default();
+    let mut tree_ids = Vec::new();
+    let mut tree_to_idx = FxHashMap::default();
+
     let mut deps = Vec::with_capacity(change_num);
 
     for change in diff_changes {
@@ -158,9 +192,21 @@ pub(super) fn encode_oplog_changes(oplog: &OpLog, vv: &VersionVector) -> Vec<u8>
             let op = oplog.local_op_to_remote(op);
             for content in op.contents.into_iter() {
                 let (prop, value) = match content {
-                    crate::op::RawOpContent::Tree(_) => {
-                        // TODO: Tree
-                        todo!()
+                    crate::op::RawOpContent::Tree(TreeOp { target, parent }) => {
+                        let prop = *tree_to_idx.entry(target).or_insert_with(|| {
+                            tree_ids.push(target.into());
+                            tree_ids.len() - 1
+                        });
+
+                        let value = if let Some(p) = parent {
+                            LoroValue::I32(*tree_to_idx.entry(p).or_insert_with(|| {
+                                tree_ids.push(p.into());
+                                tree_ids.len() - 1
+                            }) as i32)
+                        } else {
+                            LoroValue::Null
+                        };
+                        (prop, value)
                     }
                     crate::op::RawOpContent::Map(MapSet { key, value }) => (
                         *key_to_idx.entry(key.clone()).or_insert_with(|| {
@@ -211,6 +257,7 @@ pub(super) fn encode_oplog_changes(oplog: &OpLog, vv: &VersionVector) -> Vec<u8>
         clients,
         containers: container_ids,
         keys,
+        tree_ids,
         start_counter,
     };
 
@@ -237,12 +284,13 @@ pub(super) fn decode_changes_to_inner_format_oplog(
         clients,
         containers,
         keys,
+        tree_ids,
         start_counter,
     } = encoded;
 
     let mut op_iter = ops;
-    let mut changes = FxHashMap::default();
     let mut deps_iter = deps;
+    let mut changes = FxHashMap::default();
 
     for (client_idx, this_change_encodings) in &change_encodings.group_by(|c| c.client_idx) {
         let mut counter = start_counter[client_idx as usize];
@@ -269,8 +317,13 @@ pub(super) fn decode_changes_to_inner_format_oplog(
                 let container_type = container_id.container_type();
                 let content = match container_type {
                     ContainerType::Tree => {
-                        // TODO: tree
-                        todo!()
+                        let target = tree_ids[prop].into();
+                        let parent = match value {
+                            LoroValue::Null => None,
+                            LoroValue::I32(i) => Some(tree_ids[i as usize].into()),
+                            _ => unreachable!(),
+                        };
+                        RawOpContent::Tree(TreeOp { target, parent })
                     }
                     ContainerType::Map => {
                         let key = keys[prop].clone();
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
index 0004e2364..d40334348 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
@@ -4,8 +4,10 @@ use crate::{
         idx::ContainerIdx,
         list::list_op::{DeleteSpan, ListOp},
         text::text_content::ListSlice,
+        tree::tree_op::TreeOp,
     },
     delta::MapValue,
+    state::TreeID,
     txn::EventHint,
 };
 use enum_as_inner::EnumAsInner;
@@ -688,12 +690,87 @@ impl MapHandler {
 
 impl TreeHandler {
     pub fn new(idx: ContainerIdx, state: Weak<Mutex<DocState>>) -> Self {
-        assert_eq!(idx.get_type(), ContainerType::Text);
+        assert_eq!(idx.get_type(), ContainerType::Tree);
         Self {
             container_idx: idx,
             state,
         }
     }
+
+    pub fn create(&self, txn: &mut Transaction) -> LoroResult<TreeID> {
+        let tree_id = txn.next_id().into();
+        // TODO: new MapContainer as data container
+        txn.apply_local_op(
+            self.container_idx,
+            crate::op::RawOpContent::Tree(TreeOp {
+                target: tree_id,
+                parent: None,
+            }),
+            None,
+            &self.state,
+        )?;
+        Ok(tree_id)
+    }
+
+    pub fn delete(&self, txn: &mut Transaction, target: TreeID) -> LoroResult<()> {
+        txn.apply_local_op(
+            self.container_idx,
+            crate::op::RawOpContent::Tree(TreeOp {
+                target,
+                parent: TreeID::delete_root(),
+            }),
+            None,
+            &self.state,
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn create_and_mov(&self, txn: &mut Transaction, parent: TreeID) -> LoroResult<TreeID> {
+        let tree_id = txn.next_id().into();
+        // TODO: new MapContainer as data container
+        txn.apply_local_op(
+            self.container_idx,
+            crate::op::RawOpContent::Tree(TreeOp {
+                target: tree_id,
+                parent: Some(parent),
+            }),
+            None,
+            &self.state,
+        )?;
+        Ok(tree_id)
+    }
+
+    pub fn as_root(&self, txn: &mut Transaction, target: TreeID) -> LoroResult<()> {
+        txn.apply_local_op(
+            self.container_idx,
+            crate::op::RawOpContent::Tree(TreeOp {
+                target,
+                parent: None,
+            }),
+            None,
+            &self.state,
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn mov(&self, txn: &mut Transaction, target: TreeID, parent: TreeID) -> LoroResult<()> {
+        txn.apply_local_op(
+            self.container_idx,
+            crate::op::RawOpContent::Tree(TreeOp {
+                target,
+                parent: Some(parent),
+            }),
+            None,
+            &self.state,
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_value(&self) -> LoroValue {
+        self.state
+            .upgrade()
+            .unwrap()
+            .lock()
+            .unwrap()
+            .get_value_by_idx(self.container_idx)
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs
index c5329a639..845fe027a 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ use crate::{
     change::Timestamp,
     container::{idx::ContainerIdx, IntoContainerId},
     encoding::{EncodeMode, ENCODE_SCHEMA_VERSION, MAGIC_BYTES},
+    handler::TreeHandler,
     id::PeerID,
     version::Frontiers,
     InternalString, LoroError, VersionVector,
@@ -315,6 +316,13 @@ impl LoroDoc {
         MapHandler::new(idx, Arc::downgrade(&self.state))
     }
 
+    /// id can be a str, ContainerID, or ContainerIdRaw.
+    /// if it's str it will use Root container, which will not be None
+    pub fn get_tree<I: IntoContainerId>(&self, id: I) -> TreeHandler {
+        let idx = self.get_container_idx(id, ContainerType::Tree);
+        TreeHandler::new(idx, Arc::downgrade(&self.state))
+    }
+
     /// This is for debugging purpose. It will travel the whole oplog
     pub fn diagnose_size(&self) {
         self.oplog().lock().unwrap().diagnose_size();
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
index 6c15ccb47..b34c3eb50 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
@@ -239,7 +239,8 @@ impl DocState {
                 self.changed_idx_in_txn.insert(diff.idx);
             }
 
-            state.apply_diff(&mut diff.diff, &self.arena);
+            // TODO: return Result
+            state.apply_diff(&mut diff.diff, &self.arena).unwrap();
         }
 
         self.frontiers = (*diff.new_version).to_owned();
@@ -260,9 +261,7 @@ impl DocState {
             self.changed_idx_in_txn.insert(op.container);
         }
 
-        // TODO: make apply_op return a result
-        state.apply_op(op, &self.arena);
-        Ok(())
+        state.apply_op(op, &self.arena)
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn start_txn(&mut self, origin: InternalString, local: bool) {
@@ -497,6 +496,7 @@ impl DocState {
                     "value".into() => LoroValue::Map(map)
                 )))
             }
+            // TODO: tree
             _ => LoroValue::Map(Arc::new(fx_map!(
                 "cid".into() => cid_str,
                 "value".into() => value
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
index c45c1c9f3..6cb666533 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
 
-use fxhash::FxHashMap;
-use loro_common::{Counter, LoroError, LoroResult, LoroValue, PeerID};
+use fxhash::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
+use loro_common::{Counter, LoroError, LoroResult, LoroValue, PeerID, ID};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
 use crate::{
@@ -24,6 +24,21 @@ pub struct TreeID {
     pub(crate) counter: Counter,
 }
 
+impl TreeID {
+    pub(crate) fn delete_root() -> Option<Self> {
+        DELETED_TREE_ROOT
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<ID> for TreeID {
+    fn from(value: ID) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            peer: value.peer,
+            counter: value.counter,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 // TODO: use arena save TreeID
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct TreeState {
@@ -84,7 +99,7 @@ impl TreeState {
 
         if contained {
             if self.is_ancestor_of(&target, &parent) {
-                return Err(LoroError::CyclicMoveErr);
+                return Err(LoroError::CyclicMoveError);
             }
             if *self.trees.get(&target).unwrap() == Some(parent) {
                 return Ok(());
@@ -185,7 +200,8 @@ impl ContainerState for TreeState {
     }
 
     fn get_value(&self) -> LoroValue {
-        todo!()
+        let forest = Forest::from_tree_state(&self.trees);
+        forest.to_json().into()
     }
 }
 
@@ -200,7 +216,7 @@ pub struct TreeNode {
 }
 
 impl Forest {
-    fn from_tree_state(state: &FxHashMap<TreeID, Option<TreeID>>) -> Self {
+    pub(crate) fn from_tree_state(state: &FxHashMap<TreeID, Option<TreeID>>) -> Self {
         let mut forest = Self::default();
         let mut node_to_children = FxHashMap::default();
 
@@ -273,6 +289,27 @@ impl Forest {
         }
         ans
     }
+
+    // for test
+    pub(crate) fn apply_diffs(&self, diff: &[Diff]) -> Self {
+        let mut state = self.to_state();
+        for item in diff {
+            for (&id, &parent) in item.as_tree().unwrap().diff.iter() {
+                state.insert(id, parent);
+            }
+        }
+        Self::from_tree_state(&state)
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "json")]
+    pub(crate) fn from_json(json: &str) -> LoroResult<Self> {
+        serde_json::from_str(json).map_err(|_| LoroError::DeserializeJsonStringError)
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "json")]
+    pub(crate) fn to_json(&self) -> String {
+        serde_json::to_string(self).unwrap()
+    }
 }
 
 impl Deref for Forest {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
index 6b4c88701..8de5cc62f 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use crate::{
     delta::DeltaItem,
     event::{Diff, Index, Path},
+    state::Forest,
 };
 
 use debug_log::debug_dbg;
@@ -58,28 +59,34 @@ impl ApplyDiff for LoroValue {
     fn apply_diff(&mut self, diff: &[Diff]) {
         match self {
             LoroValue::String(value) => {
-                // TODO: tree
-
-                let mut s = value.to_string();
-                for item in diff.iter() {
-                    let delta = item.as_text().unwrap();
-                    let mut index = 0;
-                    for delta_item in delta.iter() {
-                        match delta_item {
-                            DeltaItem::Retain { len, .. } => {
-                                index += len;
-                            }
-                            DeltaItem::Insert { value, .. } => {
-                                s.insert_str(index, value);
-                                index += value.len();
-                            }
-                            DeltaItem::Delete { len, .. } => {
-                                s.drain(index..index + len);
+                let is_text = matches!(diff.first(), Some(Diff::Text(_)));
+                if is_text {
+                    let mut s = value.to_string();
+                    for item in diff.iter() {
+                        let delta = item.as_text().unwrap();
+                        let mut index = 0;
+                        for delta_item in delta.iter() {
+                            match delta_item {
+                                DeltaItem::Retain { len, .. } => {
+                                    index += len;
+                                }
+                                DeltaItem::Insert { value, .. } => {
+                                    s.insert_str(index, value);
+                                    index += value.len();
+                                }
+                                DeltaItem::Delete { len, .. } => {
+                                    s.drain(index..index + len);
+                                }
                             }
                         }
                     }
+                    *value = Arc::new(s);
+                } else {
+                    // TODO: tree
+                    let forest = Forest::from_json(value).unwrap();
+                    let diff_forest = forest.apply_diffs(diff);
+                    *value = Arc::new(diff_forest.to_json())
                 }
-                *value = Arc::new(s);
             }
             LoroValue::List(seq) => {
                 let seq = Arc::make_mut(seq);
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/tests/test.rs b/crates/loro-internal/tests/test.rs
index faf2c62c6..3f2c42b13 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/tests/test.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/tests/test.rs
@@ -265,3 +265,17 @@ fn map_concurrent_checkout() {
     doc_a.checkout(&v_merged).unwrap();
     assert_eq!(meta_a.get_deep_value().to_json(), r#"{"s":1,"key":2}"#);
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn tree_checkout() {
+    let mut doc_a = LoroDoc::new();
+    let tree = doc_a.get_tree("root");
+    let id1 = doc_a.with_txn(|txn| tree.create(txn)).unwrap();
+    let id2 = doc_a.with_txn(|txn| tree.create_and_mov(txn, id1)).unwrap();
+    let v1 = doc_a.oplog_frontiers();
+    let id3 = doc_a.with_txn(|txn| tree.create_and_mov(txn, id2)).unwrap();
+    let v2 = doc_a.oplog_frontiers();
+    println!("tree {:?}", tree.get_value());
+    doc_a.checkout(&v1).unwrap();
+    println!("tree {:?}", tree.get_value());
+}

From 8987116538f68c29a8109e2ac66a505a380a29ac Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 16:10:35 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 032/111] fix: tree diff

---
 crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs       |  2 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs        |  3 +--
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs | 12 ++++++++--
 crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs              |  2 +-
 crates/loro-internal/tests/test.rs           | 25 +++++++++++++++++---
 5 files changed, 35 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs
index 204ed4e03..cfcb6240a 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use crate::state::TreeID;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
 pub struct TreeDelta {
-    pub(crate) diff: FxHashMap<TreeID, Option<TreeID>>,
+    pub(crate) diff: FxHashMap<TreeID, Option<Option<TreeID>>>,
 }
 
 impl TreeDelta {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
index e94a8d7ad..8cfb1a69c 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
@@ -534,8 +534,7 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for TreeDiffCalculator {
         }
         let mut updated = FxHashMap::with_capacity_and_hasher(changed.len(), Default::default());
         for (key, value) in changed {
-            // TODO: if None?
-            let value = value.and_then(|v| v.parent);
+            let value = value.map(|v| v.parent);
             updated.insert(key, value);
         }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
index 6cb666533..dac5f3df2 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
@@ -157,7 +157,11 @@ impl ContainerState for TreeState {
     fn apply_diff(&mut self, diff: &mut Diff, _arena: &SharedArena) -> LoroResult<()> {
         if let Diff::Tree(tree) = diff {
             for (target, parent) in &tree.diff {
-                self.mov(*target, *parent)?
+                if let Some(p) = parent {
+                    self.mov(*target, *p)?
+                } else {
+                    self.delete(*target);
+                }
             }
         }
         Ok(())
@@ -295,7 +299,11 @@ impl Forest {
         let mut state = self.to_state();
         for item in diff {
             for (&id, &parent) in item.as_tree().unwrap().diff.iter() {
-                state.insert(id, parent);
+                if let Some(p) = parent {
+                    state.insert(id, p);
+                } else {
+                    state.remove(&id);
+                }
             }
         }
         Self::from_tree_state(&state)
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
index b0838e814..9dccbbd71 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ fn change_to_diff(
                     }
                     crate::op::InnerContent::Tree(tree) => {
                         let mut diff = FxHashMap::default();
-                        diff.insert(tree.target, tree.parent);
+                        diff.insert(tree.target, Some(tree.parent));
                         Diff::Tree(TreeDelta { diff })
                     }
                 },
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/tests/test.rs b/crates/loro-internal/tests/test.rs
index 3f2c42b13..aa27f54c8 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/tests/test.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/tests/test.rs
@@ -269,13 +269,32 @@ fn map_concurrent_checkout() {
 #[test]
 fn tree_checkout() {
     let mut doc_a = LoroDoc::new();
+    doc_a.set_peer_id(1);
     let tree = doc_a.get_tree("root");
     let id1 = doc_a.with_txn(|txn| tree.create(txn)).unwrap();
     let id2 = doc_a.with_txn(|txn| tree.create_and_mov(txn, id1)).unwrap();
     let v1 = doc_a.oplog_frontiers();
-    let id3 = doc_a.with_txn(|txn| tree.create_and_mov(txn, id2)).unwrap();
+    let _id3 = doc_a.with_txn(|txn| tree.create_and_mov(txn, id2)).unwrap();
     let v2 = doc_a.oplog_frontiers();
-    println!("tree {:?}", tree.get_value());
+    doc_a.with_txn(|txn| tree.delete(txn, id2)).unwrap();
+    let v3 = doc_a.oplog_frontiers();
+    assert_eq!(
+        tree.get_value().to_json(),
+        r#""[{\"id\":{\"peer\":1,\"counter\":0},\"parent\":null,\"children\":[]}]""#
+    );
     doc_a.checkout(&v1).unwrap();
-    println!("tree {:?}", tree.get_value());
+    assert_eq!(
+        tree.get_value().to_json(),
+        r#""[{\"id\":{\"peer\":1,\"counter\":0},\"parent\":null,\"children\":[{\"id\":{\"peer\":1,\"counter\":1},\"parent\":{\"peer\":1,\"counter\":0},\"children\":[]}]}]""#
+    );
+    doc_a.checkout(&v2).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(
+        tree.get_value().to_json(),
+        r#""[{\"id\":{\"peer\":1,\"counter\":0},\"parent\":null,\"children\":[{\"id\":{\"peer\":1,\"counter\":1},\"parent\":{\"peer\":1,\"counter\":0},\"children\":[{\"id\":{\"peer\":1,\"counter\":2},\"parent\":{\"peer\":1,\"counter\":1},\"children\":[]}]}]}]""#
+    );
+    doc_a.checkout(&v3).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(
+        tree.get_value().to_json(),
+        r#""[{\"id\":{\"peer\":1,\"counter\":0},\"parent\":null,\"children\":[]}]""#
+    );
 }

From 27a019077177ed31ebfe19d73f150633ed39afab Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 16:10:35 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 033/111] test: fuzz tree

---
 .../src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs          | 194 +++++++++++++++++-
 crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs           |  50 +++++
 crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs             |   2 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs  |  15 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs               |   8 +
 5 files changed, 259 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
index 42e480ba4..cfd90f400 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
@@ -17,8 +17,13 @@ use crate::{
     ContainerType, LoroValue,
 };
 use crate::{
-    container::idx::ContainerIdx, loro::LoroDoc, value::ToJson, version::Frontiers, ApplyDiff,
-    ListHandler, MapHandler, TextHandler,
+    container::idx::ContainerIdx,
+    handler::TreeHandler,
+    loro::LoroDoc,
+    state::{TreeID, TreeNode},
+    value::ToJson,
+    version::Frontiers,
+    ApplyDiff, ListHandler, MapHandler, TextHandler,
 };
 
 #[derive(Arbitrary, EnumAsInner, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
@@ -42,6 +47,14 @@ pub enum Action {
         value: u16,
         is_del: bool,
     },
+    Tree {
+        site: u8,
+        container_idx: u8,
+        target: u8,
+        parent: u8,
+        is_new: bool,
+        is_del: bool,
+    },
     Sync {
         from: u8,
         to: u8,
@@ -56,9 +69,11 @@ struct Actor {
     map_tracker: Arc<Mutex<FxHashMap<String, LoroValue>>>,
     list_tracker: Arc<Mutex<Vec<LoroValue>>>,
     text_tracker: Arc<Mutex<String>>,
+    tree_tracker: Arc<Mutex<FxHashMap<TreeID, Option<TreeID>>>>,
     map_containers: Vec<MapHandler>,
     list_containers: Vec<ListHandler>,
     text_containers: Vec<TextHandler>,
+    tree_containers: Vec<TreeHandler>,
     history: FxHashMap<Vec<ID>, LoroValue>,
 }
 
@@ -73,9 +88,11 @@ impl Actor {
             map_tracker: Default::default(),
             list_tracker: Default::default(),
             text_tracker: Default::default(),
+            tree_tracker: Default::default(),
             map_containers: Default::default(),
             list_containers: Default::default(),
             text_containers: Default::default(),
+            tree_containers: Default::default(),
             history: Default::default(),
         };
 
@@ -120,6 +137,29 @@ impl Actor {
             }),
         );
 
+        let tree = Arc::clone(&actor.tree_tracker);
+        actor.loro.subscribe(
+            &ContainerID::new_root("tree", ContainerType::Tree),
+            Arc::new(move |event| {
+                if event.from_children {
+                    return;
+                }
+                let mut tree = tree.lock().unwrap();
+                if let Diff::Tree(tree_delta) = &event.container.diff {
+                    for (key, value) in tree_delta.diff.iter() {
+                        if let Some(p) = value {
+                            tree.insert(*key, *p);
+                        } else {
+                            tree.remove(key);
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    debug_dbg!(&event.container);
+                    unreachable!()
+                }
+            }),
+        );
+
         let map = Arc::clone(&actor.map_tracker);
         actor.loro.subscribe(
             &ContainerID::new_root("map", ContainerType::Map),
@@ -187,6 +227,9 @@ impl Actor {
             .list_containers
             .push(actor.loro.txn().unwrap().get_list("list"));
         actor
+            .tree_containers
+            .push(actor.loro.txn().unwrap().get_tree("tree"));
+        actor
     }
 
     fn record_history(&mut self) {
@@ -265,6 +308,30 @@ impl Tabled for Action {
                 format!("{}", pos).into(),
                 format!("{}{}", if *is_del { "Delete " } else { "" }, value).into(),
             ],
+            Action::Tree {
+                site,
+                container_idx,
+                target,
+                parent,
+                is_new,
+                is_del,
+            } => vec![
+                "tree".into(),
+                format!("{}", site).into(),
+                format!("{}", container_idx).into(),
+                format!("{}", target).into(),
+                format!(
+                    "{}",
+                    if *is_del {
+                        format!("Delete")
+                    } else if *is_new {
+                        format!("Create")
+                    } else {
+                        format!("MoveTo {parent}")
+                    }
+                )
+                .into(),
+            ],
         }
     }
 
@@ -296,10 +363,9 @@ impl Actor {
             ContainerType::List => self
                 .list_containers
                 .push(ListHandler::new(idx, Arc::downgrade(self.loro.app_state()))),
-            ContainerType::Tree => {
-                // TODO: tree
-                todo!()
-            }
+            ContainerType::Tree => self
+                .tree_containers
+                .push(TreeHandler::new(idx, Arc::downgrade(self.loro.app_state()))),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -316,6 +382,51 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<Actor> {
                 }
             }
             Action::SyncAll => {}
+            Action::Tree {
+                site,
+                container_idx,
+                target,
+                parent,
+                is_new,
+                is_del,
+            } => {
+                // TODO: better data
+                *site %= max_users;
+                *container_idx %= self[*site as usize].tree_containers.len().max(1) as u8;
+                if let Some(tree) = self[*site as usize]
+                    .tree_containers
+                    .get(*container_idx as usize)
+                {
+                    let tree_num = tree.max_counter();
+                    if tree_num > 255 {
+                        *is_new = false;
+                    }
+                    *parent %= (tree_num as u8).max(1);
+
+                    if tree.contains(TreeID {
+                        peer: 0,
+                        counter: *target as i32,
+                    }) {
+                        // target exists
+                        *is_new = false;
+                    } else {
+                        // target not exists
+                        if *is_new {
+                            *target = tree_num as u8 + 1;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // avoid moving self
+                    if !*is_del && *target == *parent {
+                        *is_del = true;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    *target = 0;
+                    *parent = 0;
+                    *is_del = false;
+                    *is_new = true;
+                }
+            }
             Action::Map {
                 site,
                 container_idx,
@@ -388,6 +499,9 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<Actor> {
                 a.text_containers.iter().for_each(|x| {
                     visited.insert(x.id());
                 });
+                a.tree_containers.iter().for_each(|x| {
+                    visited.insert(x.id());
+                });
 
                 a.loro
                     .import(&b.loro.export_from(&a.loro.oplog_vv()))
@@ -421,6 +535,13 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<Actor> {
                         a.text_containers.push(a.loro.txn().unwrap().get_text(id))
                     }
                 });
+                b.tree_containers.iter().for_each(|x| {
+                    let id = x.id();
+                    if !visited.contains(&id) {
+                        visited.insert(id.clone());
+                        a.tree_containers.push(a.loro.txn().unwrap().get_tree(id))
+                    }
+                });
 
                 b.map_containers = a
                     .map_containers
@@ -437,6 +558,11 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<Actor> {
                     .iter()
                     .map(|x| b.loro.get_text(x.id()))
                     .collect();
+                b.tree_containers = a
+                    .tree_containers
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|x| b.loro.get_tree(x.id()))
+                    .collect();
             }
             Action::SyncAll => {
                 let mut visited = HashSet::new();
@@ -450,6 +576,9 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<Actor> {
                 a.text_containers.iter().for_each(|x| {
                     visited.insert(x.id());
                 });
+                a.tree_containers.iter().for_each(|x| {
+                    visited.insert(x.id());
+                });
 
                 for i in 1..self.len() {
                     let (a, b) = array_mut_ref!(self, [0, i]);
@@ -477,6 +606,13 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<Actor> {
                             a.text_containers.push(a.loro.get_text(id))
                         }
                     });
+                    b.tree_containers.iter().for_each(|x| {
+                        let id = x.id();
+                        if !visited.contains(&id) {
+                            visited.insert(id.clone());
+                            a.tree_containers.push(a.loro.get_tree(id))
+                        }
+                    });
                 }
 
                 for i in 1..self.len() {
@@ -499,6 +635,11 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<Actor> {
                         .iter()
                         .map(|x| b.loro.get_text(x.id()))
                         .collect();
+                    b.tree_containers = a
+                        .tree_containers
+                        .iter()
+                        .map(|x| b.loro.get_tree(x.id()))
+                        .collect();
                 }
 
                 self[1].record_history();
@@ -612,6 +753,47 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<Actor> {
                     actor.record_history();
                 }
             }
+            Action::Tree {
+                site,
+                container_idx,
+                target,
+                parent,
+                is_new,
+                is_del,
+            } => {
+                let actor = &mut self[*site as usize];
+                let container = actor.tree_containers.get_mut(*container_idx as usize);
+                let container = if let Some(container) = container {
+                    container
+                } else {
+                    let tree = actor.loro.get_tree("tree");
+                    actor.tree_containers.push(tree);
+                    &mut actor.tree_containers[0]
+                };
+                let mut txn = actor.loro.txn().unwrap();
+                let target = TreeID {
+                    peer: 0,
+                    counter: *target as i32,
+                };
+                if *is_new {
+                    container.create_with_id(&mut txn, target);
+                } else if *is_del {
+                    container.delete(&mut txn, target);
+                } else {
+                    container.mov(
+                        &mut txn,
+                        target,
+                        TreeID {
+                            peer: 0,
+                            counter: *parent as i32,
+                        },
+                    );
+                }
+                drop(txn);
+                if actor.peer == 1 {
+                    actor.record_history();
+                }
+            }
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
index d40334348..70946977e 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
@@ -763,6 +763,29 @@ impl TreeHandler {
         )
     }
 
+    pub fn id(&self) -> ContainerID {
+        self.state
+            .upgrade()
+            .unwrap()
+            .lock()
+            .unwrap()
+            .arena
+            .idx_to_id(self.container_idx)
+            .unwrap()
+    }
+
+    pub fn contains(&self, target: TreeID) -> bool {
+        self.state
+            .upgrade()
+            .unwrap()
+            .lock()
+            .unwrap()
+            .with_state(self.container_idx, |state| {
+                let a = state.as_tree_state().unwrap();
+                a.contains(target)
+            })
+    }
+
     pub fn get_value(&self) -> LoroValue {
         self.state
             .upgrade()
@@ -771,6 +794,33 @@ impl TreeHandler {
             .unwrap()
             .get_value_by_idx(self.container_idx)
     }
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "test_utils")]
+    pub fn max_counter(&self) -> i32 {
+        self.state
+            .upgrade()
+            .unwrap()
+            .lock()
+            .unwrap()
+            .with_state(self.container_idx, |state| {
+                let a = state.as_tree_state().unwrap();
+                a.max_counter()
+            })
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "test_utils")]
+    #[cfg(feature = "test_utils")]
+    pub fn create_with_id(&self, txn: &mut Transaction, tree_id: TreeID) -> LoroResult<()> {
+        txn.apply_local_op(
+            self.container_idx,
+            crate::op::RawOpContent::Tree(TreeOp {
+                target: tree_id,
+                parent: TreeID::delete_root(),
+            }),
+            None,
+            &self.state,
+        )
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
index b34c3eb50..e9295e981 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ mod tree_state;
 pub(crate) use list_state::ListState;
 pub(crate) use map_state::MapState;
 pub(crate) use text_state::TextState;
-pub(crate) use tree_state::{Forest, TreeID, TreeState};
+pub(crate) use tree_state::{Forest, TreeID, TreeNode, TreeState};
 
 use super::{
     arena::SharedArena,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
index dac5f3df2..a7e623880 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ impl TreeState {
         if let Some(old_parent) = self.trees.get_mut(&target) {
             contained = true;
             if old_parent
-                .map(|p| self.is_deleted(&p).unwrap())
+                .map(|p| self.is_deleted(p).unwrap())
                 .unwrap_or(false)
             {
                 deleted = true;
@@ -148,8 +148,17 @@ impl TreeState {
         self.mov(target, DELETED_TREE_ROOT).unwrap()
     }
 
-    pub fn is_deleted(&self, target: &TreeID) -> Option<bool> {
-        self.trees.get(target).map(|&p| p == DELETED_TREE_ROOT)
+    pub fn is_deleted(&self, target: TreeID) -> Option<bool> {
+        self.trees.get(&target).map(|&p| p == DELETED_TREE_ROOT)
+    }
+
+    pub fn contains(&self, target: TreeID) -> bool {
+        self.trees.contains_key(&target)
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "test_utils")]
+    pub fn max_counter(&self) -> i32 {
+        self.trees.keys().map(|k| k.counter).max().unwrap_or(0)
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
index 9dccbbd71..dd726927a 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ use crate::{
     },
     delta::{Delta, MapValue, TreeDelta},
     event::Diff,
+    handler::TreeHandler,
     id::{Counter, PeerID, ID},
     op::{Op, RawOp, RawOpContent},
     span::HasIdSpan,
@@ -258,6 +259,13 @@ impl Transaction {
         MapHandler::new(idx, Arc::downgrade(&self.state))
     }
 
+    /// id can be a str, ContainerID, or ContainerIdRaw.
+    /// if it's str it will use Root container, which will not be None
+    pub fn get_tree<I: IntoContainerId>(&self, id: I) -> TreeHandler {
+        let idx = self.get_container_idx(id, ContainerType::Tree);
+        TreeHandler::new(idx, Arc::downgrade(&self.state))
+    }
+
     fn get_container_idx<I: IntoContainerId>(&self, id: I, c_type: ContainerType) -> ContainerIdx {
         let id = id.into_container_id(&self.arena, c_type);
         self.arena.register_container(&id)

From 30100978977db6c207be4ffb9f0a2ae8fb9b39ad Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 16:10:35 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 034/111] feat: tree snapshot

---
 crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs                 |  50 +++++
 .../src/container/tree/tree_op.rs             |   3 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs        |   3 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs         |   3 +-
 .../src/encoding/encode_changes.rs            |   2 +-
 .../src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs          |  50 ++---
 crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs           |   3 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs   | 189 ++++++++++++++++--
 crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs             |   2 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs  |  39 +---
 crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs             |  15 +-
 crates/loro-preload/src/encode.rs             |   3 +
 12 files changed, 263 insertions(+), 99 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs b/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
index d153d5b67..65cdf6f4b 100644
--- a/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ use std::{fmt::Display, sync::Arc};
 
 use arbitrary::Arbitrary;
 use enum_as_inner::EnumAsInner;
+
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 mod error;
 mod id;
@@ -11,6 +12,7 @@ mod value;
 pub use error::{LoroError, LoroResult};
 pub use span::*;
 pub use value::LoroValue;
+
 use zerovec::ule::AsULE;
 pub type PeerID = u64;
 pub type Counter = i32;
@@ -240,3 +242,51 @@ mod container {
         }
     }
 }
+
+pub const DELETED_TREE_ROOT: Option<TreeID> = Some(TreeID {
+    peer: PeerID::MAX,
+    counter: Counter::MAX,
+});
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Hash, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct TreeID {
+    pub peer: PeerID,
+    pub counter: Counter,
+}
+
+impl TreeID {
+    pub fn delete_root() -> Option<Self> {
+        DELETED_TREE_ROOT
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_deleted(target: Option<TreeID>) -> bool {
+        target == DELETED_TREE_ROOT
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<ID> for TreeID {
+    fn from(value: ID) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            peer: value.peer,
+            counter: value.counter,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "wasm")]
+pub mod wasm {
+    use crate::TreeID;
+    use js_sys::Object;
+    use wasm_bindgen::JsValue;
+    use wasm_bindgen::__rt::IntoJsResult;
+    impl From<TreeID> for JsValue {
+        fn from(value: TreeID) -> Self {
+            let TreeID { peer, counter } = value;
+            let obj = Object::new();
+            js_sys::Reflect::set(&obj, &JsValue::from_str("peer"), &JsValue::from(peer)).unwrap();
+            js_sys::Reflect::set(&obj, &JsValue::from_str("counter"), &JsValue::from(counter))
+                .unwrap();
+            obj.into_js_result().unwrap()
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/tree/tree_op.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/tree/tree_op.rs
index 4ba71e7da..cc7ca5969 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/tree/tree_op.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/tree/tree_op.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
+use loro_common::TreeID;
 use rle::{HasLength, Mergable, Sliceable};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
-use crate::state::TreeID;
-
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
 pub struct TreeOp {
     pub(crate) target: TreeID,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs
index cfcb6240a..f4898caad 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 use fxhash::FxHashMap;
+use loro_common::TreeID;
 use serde::Serialize;
 
-use crate::state::TreeID;
-
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
 pub struct TreeDelta {
     pub(crate) diff: FxHashMap<TreeID, Option<Option<TreeID>>>,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
index 8cfb1a69c..c6f902bd3 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use std::collections::BTreeSet;
 
 use enum_dispatch::enum_dispatch;
 use fxhash::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
-use loro_common::{HasIdSpan, PeerID, ID};
+use loro_common::{HasIdSpan, PeerID, TreeID, ID};
 
 use crate::{
     change::Lamport,
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ use crate::{
     id::Counter,
     op::RichOp,
     span::{HasId, HasLamport},
-    state::TreeID,
     text::tracker::Tracker,
     version::Frontiers,
     InternalString, VersionVector,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs
index 0d6d56310..acfbd5018 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ use std::{collections::VecDeque, ops::Range, sync::Arc};
 
 use fxhash::FxHashMap;
 use itertools::Itertools;
+use loro_common::TreeID;
 use rle::{HasLength, RleVec};
 use serde_columnar::{columnar, iter_from_bytes, to_vec};
 
@@ -19,7 +20,6 @@ use crate::{
     op::{RawOpContent, RemoteOp},
     oplog::OpLog,
     span::HasId,
-    state::TreeID,
     version::Frontiers,
     InternalString, LoroError, LoroValue, VersionVector,
 };
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
index cfd90f400..8210200a0 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use arbitrary::Arbitrary;
 use debug_log::debug_dbg;
 use enum_as_inner::EnumAsInner;
 use fxhash::FxHashMap;
-use loro_common::ID;
+use loro_common::{TreeID, ID};
 use tabled::{TableIteratorExt, Tabled};
 
 #[allow(unused_imports)]
@@ -17,13 +17,8 @@ use crate::{
     ContainerType, LoroValue,
 };
 use crate::{
-    container::idx::ContainerIdx,
-    handler::TreeHandler,
-    loro::LoroDoc,
-    state::{TreeID, TreeNode},
-    value::ToJson,
-    version::Frontiers,
-    ApplyDiff, ListHandler, MapHandler, TextHandler,
+    container::idx::ContainerIdx, handler::TreeHandler, loro::LoroDoc, value::ToJson,
+    version::Frontiers, ApplyDiff, ListHandler, MapHandler, TextHandler,
 };
 
 #[derive(Arbitrary, EnumAsInner, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
@@ -320,16 +315,13 @@ impl Tabled for Action {
                 format!("{}", site).into(),
                 format!("{}", container_idx).into(),
                 format!("{}", target).into(),
-                format!(
-                    "{}",
-                    if *is_del {
-                        format!("Delete")
-                    } else if *is_new {
-                        format!("Create")
-                    } else {
-                        format!("MoveTo {parent}")
-                    }
-                )
+                (if *is_del {
+                    "Delete".to_string()
+                } else if *is_new {
+                    "Create".to_string()
+                } else {
+                    format!("MoveTo {parent}")
+                })
                 .into(),
             ],
         }
@@ -776,18 +768,20 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<Actor> {
                     counter: *target as i32,
                 };
                 if *is_new {
-                    container.create_with_id(&mut txn, target);
+                    container.create_with_id(&mut txn, target).unwrap();
                 } else if *is_del {
-                    container.delete(&mut txn, target);
+                    container.delete(&mut txn, target).unwrap();
                 } else {
-                    container.mov(
-                        &mut txn,
-                        target,
-                        TreeID {
-                            peer: 0,
-                            counter: *parent as i32,
-                        },
-                    );
+                    container
+                        .mov(
+                            &mut txn,
+                            target,
+                            TreeID {
+                                peer: 0,
+                                counter: *parent as i32,
+                            },
+                        )
+                        .unwrap();
                 }
                 drop(txn);
                 if actor.peer == 1 {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
index 70946977e..5987b9911 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
@@ -7,11 +7,10 @@ use crate::{
         tree::tree_op::TreeOp,
     },
     delta::MapValue,
-    state::TreeID,
     txn::EventHint,
 };
 use enum_as_inner::EnumAsInner;
-use loro_common::{ContainerID, ContainerType, LoroResult, LoroValue};
+use loro_common::{ContainerID, ContainerType, LoroResult, LoroValue, TreeID};
 use std::{
     borrow::Cow,
     sync::{Mutex, Weak},
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
index 4606beb02..8361ccbbc 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use std::borrow::Cow;
 
 use fxhash::FxHashMap;
 use itertools::Itertools;
-use loro_common::{ContainerType, HasLamport, ID};
+use loro_common::{ContainerType, HasLamport, TreeID, ID};
 use loro_preload::{
     CommonArena, EncodedAppState, EncodedContainerState, FinalPhase, MapEntry, TempArena,
 };
@@ -12,10 +12,13 @@ use smallvec::smallvec;
 
 use crate::{
     change::{Change, Timestamp},
-    container::{idx::ContainerIdx, list::list_op::InnerListOp, map::InnerMapSet},
+    container::{
+        idx::ContainerIdx, list::list_op::InnerListOp, map::InnerMapSet, tree::tree_op::TreeOp,
+    },
     delta::MapValue,
     id::{Counter, PeerID},
     op::{InnerContent, Op},
+    state::TreeState,
     version::Frontiers,
     InternalString, LoroError, LoroValue,
 };
@@ -73,6 +76,8 @@ pub fn decode_oplog(
     arena.alloc_values(extra_arena.values.into_iter());
     let mut keys = state_arena.keywords;
     keys.append(&mut extra_arena.keywords);
+    let mut tree_ids = state_arena.tree_ids;
+    tree_ids.append(&mut extra_arena.tree_ids);
 
     let oplog_data = OplogEncoded::decode_iter(data)?;
 
@@ -121,6 +126,7 @@ pub fn decode_oplog(
                         SnapshotOp::Map { .. } => {
                             unreachable!()
                         }
+                        SnapshotOp::Tree { .. } => unreachable!(),
                         SnapshotOp::TextInsert { pos, len } => {
                             let op = Op::new(
                                 id,
@@ -160,8 +166,33 @@ pub fn decode_oplog(
                     }
                 }
                 loro_common::ContainerType::Tree => {
-                    // TODO: tree
-                    todo!()
+                    let op = encoded_op.get_tree();
+                    match op {
+                        SnapshotOp::Tree { target, parent } => {
+                            let target = {
+                                let (peer, counter) = tree_ids[target - 1];
+                                let peer = common.peer_ids[peer as usize];
+                                TreeID { peer, counter }
+                            };
+                            let parent = {
+                                if parent == Some(0) {
+                                    TreeID::delete_root()
+                                } else {
+                                    parent.map(|p| {
+                                        let (peer, counter) = tree_ids[p - 1];
+                                        let peer = common.peer_ids[peer as usize];
+                                        TreeID { peer, counter }
+                                    })
+                                }
+                            };
+                            Op::new(
+                                id,
+                                InnerContent::Tree(TreeOp { target, parent }),
+                                container_idx,
+                            )
+                        }
+                        _ => unreachable!(),
+                    }
                 }
             };
             *counter_mut += op.content_len() as Counter;
@@ -262,6 +293,29 @@ pub fn decode_state<'b>(
                 );
                 container_states.insert(idx, State::ListState(list));
             }
+            loro_preload::EncodedContainerState::Tree(tree_data) => {
+                let mut tree = TreeState::new(idx);
+                for (target, parent) in tree_data {
+                    let (peer, counter) = state_arena.tree_ids[*target];
+                    let target_peer = common.peer_ids[peer as usize];
+                    let target = TreeID {
+                        peer: target_peer,
+                        counter,
+                    };
+
+                    let parent = if *parent == Some(0) {
+                        TreeID::delete_root()
+                    } else {
+                        parent.map(|p| {
+                            let (peer, counter) = state_arena.tree_ids[p];
+                            let peer = common.peer_ids[peer as usize];
+                            TreeID { peer, counter }
+                        })
+                    };
+                    tree.mov(target, parent).unwrap();
+                }
+                container_states.insert(idx, State::TreeState(tree));
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -340,10 +394,26 @@ struct EncodedSnapshotOp {
 }
 
 enum SnapshotOp {
-    TextInsert { pos: usize, len: usize },
-    ListInsert { pos: usize, value_idx: u32 },
-    TextOrListDelete { pos: usize, len: isize },
-    Map { key: usize, value_idx_plus_one: u32 },
+    TextInsert {
+        pos: usize,
+        len: usize,
+    },
+    ListInsert {
+        pos: usize,
+        value_idx: u32,
+    },
+    TextOrListDelete {
+        pos: usize,
+        len: isize,
+    },
+    Map {
+        key: usize,
+        value_idx_plus_one: u32,
+    },
+    Tree {
+        target: usize,
+        parent: Option<usize>,
+    },
 }
 
 impl EncodedSnapshotOp {
@@ -383,6 +453,20 @@ impl EncodedSnapshotOp {
         }
     }
 
+    pub fn get_tree(&self) -> SnapshotOp {
+        let parent = if self.is_del {
+            Some(0)
+        } else if self.value == 0 {
+            None
+        } else {
+            Some(self.value)
+        };
+        SnapshotOp::Tree {
+            target: self.prop,
+            parent,
+        }
+    }
+
     pub fn from(value: SnapshotOp, container: u32) -> Self {
         match value {
             SnapshotOp::ListInsert {
@@ -422,6 +506,16 @@ impl EncodedSnapshotOp {
                 is_del: false,
                 value: 0,
             },
+            SnapshotOp::Tree { target, parent } => {
+                let is_del = parent.unwrap_or(1) == 0;
+                Self {
+                    container,
+                    prop: target,
+                    len: 0,
+                    is_del,
+                    value: parent.unwrap_or(0),
+                }
+            }
         }
     }
 }
@@ -442,6 +536,7 @@ struct PreEncodedState {
     key_lookup: FxHashMap<InternalString, usize>,
     value_lookup: FxHashMap<LoroValue, usize>,
     peer_lookup: FxHashMap<PeerID, usize>,
+    tree_id_lookup: FxHashMap<(u32, i32), usize>,
     app_state: EncodedAppState,
 }
 
@@ -449,11 +544,13 @@ fn preprocess_app_state(app_state: &DocState) -> PreEncodedState {
     assert!(!app_state.is_in_txn());
     let mut peers = Vec::new();
     let mut peer_lookup = FxHashMap::default();
+    let mut tree_ids = Vec::new();
     let mut bytes = Vec::new();
     let mut keywords = Vec::new();
     let mut values = Vec::new();
     let mut key_lookup = FxHashMap::default();
     let mut value_lookup = FxHashMap::default();
+    let mut tree_id_lookup = FxHashMap::default();
     let mut encoded = EncodedAppState {
         frontiers: app_state.frontiers.iter().cloned().collect(),
         states: Vec::new(),
@@ -488,7 +585,7 @@ fn preprocess_app_state(app_state: &DocState) -> PreEncodedState {
         idx
     };
 
-    let mut record_peer = |peer: PeerID| {
+    let mut record_peer = |peer: PeerID, peer_lookup: &mut FxHashMap<u64, usize>| {
         if let Some(idx) = peer_lookup.get(&peer) {
             return *idx as u32;
         }
@@ -498,11 +595,40 @@ fn preprocess_app_state(app_state: &DocState) -> PreEncodedState {
         peers.len() as u32 - 1
     };
 
+    let mut record_tree_id = |tree_id: TreeID, peer: u32| {
+        let tree_id = (peer, tree_id.counter);
+        if let Some(idx) = tree_id_lookup.get(&tree_id) {
+            return *idx;
+        }
+
+        tree_ids.push(tree_id);
+        // the idx 0 is the delete root
+        tree_id_lookup
+            .entry(tree_id)
+            .or_insert_with(|| tree_ids.len());
+        tree_ids.len()
+    };
+
     for (_, state) in app_state.states.iter() {
         match state {
-            State::TreeState(_) => {
-                // TODO: tree
-                todo!()
+            State::TreeState(tree) => {
+                let v = tree
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|(target, parent)| {
+                        let peer_idx = record_peer(target.peer, &mut peer_lookup);
+                        let t = record_tree_id(*target, peer_idx);
+                        let p = if TreeID::is_deleted(*parent) {
+                            Some(0)
+                        } else {
+                            parent.map(|p| {
+                                let peer_idx = record_peer(p.peer, &mut peer_lookup);
+                                record_tree_id(p, peer_idx)
+                            })
+                        };
+                        (t, p)
+                    })
+                    .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+                encoded.states.push(EncodedContainerState::Tree(v))
             }
             State::ListState(list) => {
                 let v = list.iter().map(|value| record_value(value)).collect();
@@ -520,7 +646,7 @@ fn preprocess_app_state(app_state: &DocState) -> PreEncodedState {
                             } else {
                                 0
                             },
-                            peer: record_peer(value.lamport.1),
+                            peer: record_peer(value.lamport.1, &mut peer_lookup),
                             counter: value.counter as u32,
                             lamport: value.lamport(),
                         }
@@ -548,6 +674,7 @@ fn preprocess_app_state(app_state: &DocState) -> PreEncodedState {
         text: bytes.into(),
         keywords,
         values,
+        tree_ids,
     };
 
     PreEncodedState {
@@ -556,6 +683,7 @@ fn preprocess_app_state(app_state: &DocState) -> PreEncodedState {
         key_lookup,
         value_lookup,
         peer_lookup,
+        tree_id_lookup,
         app_state: encoded,
     }
 }
@@ -568,6 +696,7 @@ fn encode_oplog(oplog: &OpLog, state_ref: Option<PreEncodedState>) -> FinalPhase
         mut key_lookup,
         mut value_lookup,
         mut peer_lookup,
+        mut tree_id_lookup,
         app_state,
     } = state_ref;
     if common.container_ids.is_empty() {
@@ -577,6 +706,7 @@ fn encode_oplog(oplog: &OpLog, state_ref: Option<PreEncodedState>) -> FinalPhase
     let mut bytes = Vec::with_capacity(arena.text.len());
     let mut extra_keys = Vec::new();
     let mut extra_values = Vec::new();
+    let mut extra_tree_ids = Vec::new();
 
     let mut record_key = |key: &InternalString| {
         if let Some(idx) = key_lookup.get(key) {
@@ -603,11 +733,10 @@ fn encode_oplog(oplog: &OpLog, state_ref: Option<PreEncodedState>) -> FinalPhase
     let Cow::Owned(mut peers) = std::mem::take(&mut common.peer_ids) else {
         unreachable!()
     };
-    let mut record_peer = |peer: PeerID| {
+    let mut record_peer = |peer: PeerID, peer_lookup: &mut FxHashMap<u64, usize>| {
         if let Some(idx) = peer_lookup.get(&peer) {
             return *idx as u32;
         }
-
         peers.push(peer);
         peer_lookup.entry(peer).or_insert_with(|| peers.len() - 1);
         peers.len() as u32 - 1
@@ -634,13 +763,34 @@ fn encode_oplog(oplog: &OpLog, state_ref: Option<PreEncodedState>) -> FinalPhase
         Vec::with_capacity(changes.iter().map(|x| x.ops.len()).sum());
     let mut deps = Vec::with_capacity(changes.iter().map(|x| x.deps.len()).sum());
     for change in changes {
-        let peer_idx = record_peer(change.id.peer);
+        let peer_idx = record_peer(change.id.peer, &mut peer_lookup);
         let op_index_start = encoded_ops.len();
         for op in change.ops.iter() {
             match &op.content {
-                InnerContent::Tree(_) => {
+                InnerContent::Tree(TreeOp { target, parent }) => {
                     // TODO: tree
-                    todo!()
+                    let target = (
+                        *peer_lookup.get(&target.peer).unwrap() as u32,
+                        target.counter,
+                    );
+                    let target_idx = *tree_id_lookup.get(&target).unwrap();
+
+                    let parent_idx = if TreeID::is_deleted(*parent) {
+                        Some(0)
+                    } else {
+                        parent.map(|p| {
+                            let p = (*peer_lookup.get(&p.peer).unwrap() as u32, p.counter);
+                            *tree_id_lookup.get(&p).unwrap()
+                        })
+                    };
+
+                    encoded_ops.push(EncodedSnapshotOp::from(
+                        SnapshotOp::Tree {
+                            target: target_idx,
+                            parent: parent_idx,
+                        },
+                        op.container.to_index(),
+                    ));
                 }
                 InnerContent::List(list) => match list {
                     InnerListOp::Insert { slice, pos } => match op.container.get_type() {
@@ -712,7 +862,7 @@ fn encode_oplog(oplog: &OpLog, state_ref: Option<PreEncodedState>) -> FinalPhase
             if dep.peer == change.id.peer {
                 dep_on_self = true;
             } else {
-                let peer_idx = record_peer(dep.peer);
+                let peer_idx = record_peer(dep.peer, &mut peer_lookup);
                 deps.push(DepsEncoding {
                     peer_idx,
                     counter: dep.counter,
@@ -750,6 +900,7 @@ fn encode_oplog(oplog: &OpLog, state_ref: Option<PreEncodedState>) -> FinalPhase
                 text: Cow::Borrowed(&bytes),
                 keywords: extra_keys,
                 values: extra_values,
+                tree_ids: extra_tree_ids,
             }
             .encode(),
         ),
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
index e9295e981..75780aefa 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ mod tree_state;
 pub(crate) use list_state::ListState;
 pub(crate) use map_state::MapState;
 pub(crate) use text_state::TextState;
-pub(crate) use tree_state::{Forest, TreeID, TreeNode, TreeState};
+pub(crate) use tree_state::{Forest, TreeState};
 
 use super::{
     arena::SharedArena,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
index a7e623880..25fb9de28 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
-use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
+use std::{
+    collections::hash_map::Iter,
+    ops::{Deref, DerefMut},
+};
 
-use fxhash::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
-use loro_common::{Counter, LoroError, LoroResult, LoroValue, PeerID, ID};
+use fxhash::FxHashMap;
+use loro_common::{LoroError, LoroResult, LoroValue, TreeID, DELETED_TREE_ROOT};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
 use crate::{
@@ -13,32 +16,6 @@ use crate::{
 
 use super::ContainerState;
 
-pub(crate) const DELETED_TREE_ROOT: Option<TreeID> = Some(TreeID {
-    peer: PeerID::MAX,
-    counter: Counter::MAX,
-});
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Hash, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Serialize, Deserialize)]
-pub struct TreeID {
-    pub(crate) peer: PeerID,
-    pub(crate) counter: Counter,
-}
-
-impl TreeID {
-    pub(crate) fn delete_root() -> Option<Self> {
-        DELETED_TREE_ROOT
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<ID> for TreeID {
-    fn from(value: ID) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            peer: value.peer,
-            counter: value.counter,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 // TODO: use arena save TreeID
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct TreeState {
@@ -152,6 +129,10 @@ impl TreeState {
         self.trees.get(&target).map(|&p| p == DELETED_TREE_ROOT)
     }
 
+    pub fn iter(&self) -> Iter<'_, TreeID, Option<TreeID>> {
+        self.trees.iter()
+    }
+
     pub fn contains(&self, target: TreeID) -> bool {
         self.trees.contains_key(&target)
     }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
index 8de5cc62f..c617ef3d9 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
@@ -81,8 +81,9 @@ impl ApplyDiff for LoroValue {
                         }
                     }
                     *value = Arc::new(s);
+                } else if value.is_empty() {
+                    *value = Arc::new(Forest::default().apply_diffs(diff).to_json())
                 } else {
-                    // TODO: tree
                     let forest = Forest::from_json(value).unwrap();
                     let diff_forest = forest.apply_diffs(diff);
                     *value = Arc::new(diff_forest.to_json())
@@ -228,7 +229,6 @@ pub mod wasm {
     use crate::{
         delta::{Delta, DeltaItem, MapDelta, MapDiff, TreeDelta},
         event::{Diff, Index},
-        state::TreeID,
         LoroValue,
     };
 
@@ -383,17 +383,6 @@ pub mod wasm {
         }
     }
 
-    impl From<TreeID> for JsValue {
-        fn from(value: TreeID) -> Self {
-            let TreeID { peer, counter } = value;
-            let obj = Object::new();
-            js_sys::Reflect::set(&obj, &JsValue::from_str("peer"), &JsValue::from(peer)).unwrap();
-            js_sys::Reflect::set(&obj, &JsValue::from_str("counter"), &JsValue::from(counter))
-                .unwrap();
-            obj.into_js_result().unwrap()
-        }
-    }
-
     impl From<TreeDelta> for JsValue {
         fn from(value: TreeDelta) -> Self {
             let obj = Object::new();
diff --git a/crates/loro-preload/src/encode.rs b/crates/loro-preload/src/encode.rs
index 08850dabc..93d84e619 100644
--- a/crates/loro-preload/src/encode.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-preload/src/encode.rs
@@ -127,6 +127,7 @@ pub enum EncodedContainerState {
     Text { len: usize },
     Map(Vec<MapEntry>),
     List(Vec<usize>),
+    Tree(Vec<(usize, Option<usize>)>),
 }
 impl EncodedContainerState {
     pub fn container_type(&self) -> loro_common::ContainerType {
@@ -134,6 +135,7 @@ impl EncodedContainerState {
             EncodedContainerState::Text { .. } => loro_common::ContainerType::Text,
             EncodedContainerState::Map(_) => loro_common::ContainerType::Map,
             EncodedContainerState::List(_) => loro_common::ContainerType::List,
+            EncodedContainerState::Tree(_) => loro_common::ContainerType::Tree,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -153,6 +155,7 @@ pub struct TempArena<'a> {
     pub text: Cow<'a, [u8]>,
     pub keywords: Vec<InternalString>,
     pub values: Vec<LoroValue>,
+    pub tree_ids: Vec<(u32, i32)>,
 }
 
 impl<'a> TempArena<'a> {

From b9ba10713d47a6236dadaf4f06327b67d8b0f35b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 16:10:35 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 035/111] fix: tree default value

---
 crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs                | 2 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs            | 2 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs | 9 +--------
 crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs            | 2 +-
 4 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs b/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
index 65cdf6f4b..c7dc806f5 100644
--- a/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ impl ContainerType {
             ContainerType::Text => LoroValue::String(Arc::new(String::new())),
             ContainerType::Map => LoroValue::Map(Arc::new(Default::default())),
             ContainerType::List => LoroValue::List(Arc::new(Default::default())),
-            ContainerType::Tree => LoroValue::String(Arc::new(String::new())),
+            ContainerType::Tree => LoroValue::String(Arc::new(String::from("[]"))),
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
index 75780aefa..d615db591 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ impl DocState {
                 ContainerType::Text => LoroValue::String(Arc::new(Default::default())),
                 ContainerType::Map => LoroValue::Map(Arc::new(Default::default())),
                 ContainerType::List => LoroValue::List(Arc::new(Default::default())),
-                ContainerType::Tree => LoroValue::String(Arc::new(Default::default())),
+                ContainerType::Tree => LoroValue::String(Arc::new(String::from("[]"))),
             })
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
index 25fb9de28..71c939130 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
@@ -49,10 +49,7 @@ impl TreeState {
 
         if let Some(old_parent) = self.trees.get_mut(&target) {
             contained = true;
-            if old_parent
-                .map(|p| self.is_deleted(p).unwrap())
-                .unwrap_or(false)
-            {
+            if TreeID::is_deleted(*old_parent) {
                 deleted = true;
             }
         }
@@ -125,10 +122,6 @@ impl TreeState {
         self.mov(target, DELETED_TREE_ROOT).unwrap()
     }
 
-    pub fn is_deleted(&self, target: TreeID) -> Option<bool> {
-        self.trees.get(&target).map(|&p| p == DELETED_TREE_ROOT)
-    }
-
     pub fn iter(&self) -> Iter<'_, TreeID, Option<TreeID>> {
         self.trees.iter()
     }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
index c617ef3d9..8197c8f54 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ impl ApplyDiff for LoroValue {
                             TypeHint::Map => LoroValue::Map(Default::default()),
                             TypeHint::Text => LoroValue::String(Arc::new(String::new())),
                             TypeHint::List => LoroValue::List(Default::default()),
-                            TypeHint::Tree => LoroValue::String(Arc::new(String::new())),
+                            TypeHint::Tree => LoroValue::String(Arc::new(String::from("[]"))),
                         })
                     }
                     Index::Seq(index) => {

From 019ab41af7e2be7e4e946edfd294b61a6b32e6e6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 16:10:35 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 036/111] fix: test new node

---
 .../src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs          | 22 +++++++++++++++++--
 crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs           |  3 +--
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs  |  2 +-
 3 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
index 8210200a0..6c45ef94b 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ use crate::{
     ContainerType, LoroValue,
 };
 use crate::{
-    container::idx::ContainerIdx, handler::TreeHandler, loro::LoroDoc, value::ToJson,
-    version::Frontiers, ApplyDiff, ListHandler, MapHandler, TextHandler,
+    container::idx::ContainerIdx, handler::TreeHandler, loro::LoroDoc, state::Forest,
+    value::ToJson, version::Frontiers, ApplyDiff, ListHandler, MapHandler, TextHandler,
 };
 
 #[derive(Arbitrary, EnumAsInner, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
@@ -855,6 +855,10 @@ fn check_eq(a_actor: &mut Actor, b_actor: &mut Actor) {
         &**value_a.as_list().unwrap(),
         &*a_actor.list_tracker.lock().unwrap(),
     );
+    let a = a_doc.get_tree("tree");
+    let value_a = a.get_value();
+    let forest = Forest::from_tree_state(&a_actor.tree_tracker.lock().unwrap());
+    assert_eq!(&**value_a.as_string().unwrap(), &forest.to_json(),);
 }
 
 fn check_synced(sites: &mut [Actor]) {
@@ -958,6 +962,7 @@ mod failed_tests {
     use super::test_multi_sites;
     use super::Action;
     use super::Action::*;
+    use super::FuzzValue;
     use super::FuzzValue::*;
     use arbtest::arbitrary::{self, Unstructured};
 
@@ -1917,6 +1922,19 @@ mod failed_tests {
         )
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn ddd() {
+        test_multi_sites(
+            5,
+            &mut [Map {
+                site: 1,
+                container_idx: 1,
+                key: 37,
+                value: FuzzValue::I32(1),
+            }],
+        )
+    }
+
     use super::ContainerType as C;
     #[test]
     fn to_minify() {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
index 5987b9911..12c99f3be 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
@@ -807,14 +807,13 @@ impl TreeHandler {
             })
     }
 
-    #[cfg(feature = "test_utils")]
     #[cfg(feature = "test_utils")]
     pub fn create_with_id(&self, txn: &mut Transaction, tree_id: TreeID) -> LoroResult<()> {
         txn.apply_local_op(
             self.container_idx,
             crate::op::RawOpContent::Tree(TreeOp {
                 target: tree_id,
-                parent: TreeID::delete_root(),
+                parent: None,
             }),
             None,
             &self.state,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
index 71c939130..ac9606bc2 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ struct TreeUndoItem {
 impl TreeState {
     pub fn new(idx: ContainerIdx) -> Self {
         let mut trees = FxHashMap::default();
-        trees.insert(DELETED_TREE_ROOT.unwrap(), None);
+        // trees.insert(DELETED_TREE_ROOT.unwrap(), None);
         Self {
             idx,
             trees,

From 3adb71a6b5a7be2b9c0d4d3c32faaa1fb55dc031 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 16:10:35 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 037/111] fix: tree diff

---
 crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs | 2 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs                      | 1 -
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs          | 9 ++++-----
 3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
index 6c45ef94b..bb7cc9e29 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
@@ -798,7 +798,7 @@ fn assert_value_eq(a: &LoroValue, b: &LoroValue) {
         (LoroValue::Map(a), LoroValue::Map(b)) => {
             for (k, v) in a.iter() {
                 let is_empty = match v {
-                    LoroValue::String(s) => s.is_empty(),
+                    LoroValue::String(s) => s.is_empty() || s.as_str() == "[]",
                     LoroValue::List(l) => l.is_empty(),
                     LoroValue::Map(m) => m.is_empty(),
                     _ => false,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs
index 845fe027a..b66a32f97 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs
@@ -439,7 +439,6 @@ impl LoroDoc {
             after,
             Some(frontiers),
         );
-
         state.apply_diff(InternalDocDiff {
             origin: "checkout".into(),
             local: true,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
index ac9606bc2..af4b50fe5 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
@@ -33,8 +33,7 @@ struct TreeUndoItem {
 
 impl TreeState {
     pub fn new(idx: ContainerIdx) -> Self {
-        let mut trees = FxHashMap::default();
-        // trees.insert(DELETED_TREE_ROOT.unwrap(), None);
+        let trees = FxHashMap::default();
         Self {
             idx,
             trees,
@@ -48,7 +47,7 @@ impl TreeState {
         let mut contained = false;
 
         if let Some(old_parent) = self.trees.get_mut(&target) {
-            contained = true;
+            contained = old_parent.is_some();
             if TreeID::is_deleted(*old_parent) {
                 deleted = true;
             }
@@ -61,7 +60,7 @@ impl TreeState {
                 return Ok(());
             }
             // new root node
-            self.trees.insert(target, parent);
+            self.trees.insert(target, None);
             if self.in_txn {
                 self.undo_items.push(TreeUndoItem {
                     target,
@@ -143,7 +142,7 @@ impl ContainerState for TreeState {
                 if let Some(p) = parent {
                     self.mov(*target, *p)?
                 } else {
-                    self.delete(*target);
+                    self.trees.remove(target);
                 }
             }
         }

From e78f364d9bbf51e8bbb9686396c4be6d8db3037b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 16:10:35 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 038/111] fix: tree unresolved value

---
 crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs | 2 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs                     | 3 +--
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
index bb7cc9e29..3a983d121 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
@@ -811,7 +811,7 @@ fn assert_value_eq(a: &LoroValue, b: &LoroValue) {
 
             for (k, v) in b.iter() {
                 let is_empty = match v {
-                    LoroValue::String(s) => s.is_empty(),
+                    LoroValue::String(s) => s.is_empty() || s.as_str() == "[]",
                     LoroValue::List(l) => l.is_empty(),
                     LoroValue::Map(m) => m.is_empty(),
                     _ => false,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
index 8197c8f54..346d88999 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
@@ -199,7 +199,6 @@ impl ApplyDiff for LoroValue {
                     }
                 }
             }
-
             value
         }
         .apply_diff(diff);
@@ -212,7 +211,7 @@ fn unresolved_to_collection(v: &LoroValue) -> LoroValue {
             crate::ContainerType::Text => LoroValue::String(Default::default()),
             crate::ContainerType::Map => LoroValue::Map(Default::default()),
             crate::ContainerType::List => LoroValue::List(Default::default()),
-            crate::ContainerType::Tree => LoroValue::String(Default::default()),
+            crate::ContainerType::Tree => LoroValue::String(Arc::new(String::from("[]"))),
         }
     } else {
         v.clone()

From a2597a41981de224ac4601c2b70ecc556171a84f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 16:10:35 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 039/111] fix: tree fuzz

---
 crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs | 3 +++
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs          | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
index 3a983d121..f02bf692f 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
@@ -390,6 +390,9 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<Actor> {
                     .get(*container_idx as usize)
                 {
                     let tree_num = tree.max_counter();
+                    if tree_num == 0 {
+                        *is_new = true;
+                    }
                     if tree_num > 255 {
                         *is_new = false;
                     }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
index af4b50fe5..b1b6b2be5 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
@@ -47,10 +47,10 @@ impl TreeState {
         let mut contained = false;
 
         if let Some(old_parent) = self.trees.get_mut(&target) {
-            contained = old_parent.is_some();
             if TreeID::is_deleted(*old_parent) {
                 deleted = true;
             }
+            contained = !deleted && old_parent.is_some();
         }
 
         let Some(parent) = parent else{

From a4077a779a5fd06ca761ccdfd16f3c0b203c19e6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 16:10:35 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 040/111] fix: tree fuzz move

---
 crates/loro-common/src/error.rs                      |  2 ++
 .../loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs   |  8 +++++++-
 crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs                  | 12 ++++++++++++
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs         | 11 ++++++++++-
 4 files changed, 31 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-common/src/error.rs b/crates/loro-common/src/error.rs
index d88213a3c..546b1ca13 100644
--- a/crates/loro-common/src/error.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-common/src/error.rs
@@ -34,6 +34,8 @@ pub enum LoroError {
     UsedOpID { id: ID },
     #[error("`Cycle move` occurs when moving tree nodes.")]
     CyclicMoveError,
+    #[error("The parent of tree node is not found")]
+    TreeNodeParentNotFound,
     #[error("Deserialize json string error")]
     DeserializeJsonStringError,
     // #[error("the data for key `{0}` is not available")]
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
index f02bf692f..8703c63d4 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
@@ -410,7 +410,13 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<Actor> {
                             *target = tree_num as u8 + 1;
                         }
                     }
-
+                    // fix move
+                    if !*is_new && !*is_del {
+                        let parents = tree.nodes();
+                        let p_idx = *parent as usize % parents.len().max(1);
+                        let p = parents[p_idx];
+                        *parent = p.counter as u8;
+                    }
                     // avoid moving self
                     if !*is_del && *target == *parent {
                         *is_del = true;
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
index 12c99f3be..b50726f85 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
@@ -794,6 +794,18 @@ impl TreeHandler {
             .get_value_by_idx(self.container_idx)
     }
 
+    pub fn nodes(&self) -> Vec<TreeID> {
+        self.state
+            .upgrade()
+            .unwrap()
+            .lock()
+            .unwrap()
+            .with_state(self.container_idx, |state| {
+                let a = state.as_tree_state().unwrap();
+                a.nodes()
+            })
+    }
+
     #[cfg(feature = "test_utils")]
     pub fn max_counter(&self) -> i32 {
         self.state
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
index b1b6b2be5..70f7ede3e 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
@@ -69,7 +69,9 @@ impl TreeState {
             }
             return Ok(());
         };
-
+        if !self.contains(parent) {
+            return Err(LoroError::TreeNodeParentNotFound);
+        }
         if contained {
             if self.is_ancestor_of(&target, &parent) {
                 return Err(LoroError::CyclicMoveError);
@@ -113,6 +115,9 @@ impl TreeState {
                 }
                 None => return false,
             }
+            if TreeID::is_deleted(Some(*node_id)) {
+                return false;
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -129,6 +134,10 @@ impl TreeState {
         self.trees.contains_key(&target)
     }
 
+    pub fn nodes(&self) -> Vec<TreeID> {
+        self.trees.keys().copied().collect::<Vec<_>>()
+    }
+
     #[cfg(feature = "test_utils")]
     pub fn max_counter(&self) -> i32 {
         self.trees.keys().map(|k| k.counter).max().unwrap_or(0)

From bf2042701ad4c3ca63c40c4e525348f55de3991f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 16:10:35 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 041/111] fix: sort by tree id

---
 crates/loro-common/src/error.rs              |  6 +++---
 crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs                |  2 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs        |  5 +++--
 crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs             |  1 +
 crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs  | 18 ++++++++++++++++++
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs | 18 ++++++++++++++----
 6 files changed, 40 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-common/src/error.rs b/crates/loro-common/src/error.rs
index 546b1ca13..82fa4af84 100644
--- a/crates/loro-common/src/error.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-common/src/error.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use thiserror::Error;
 
-use crate::{PeerID, ID};
+use crate::{PeerID, TreeID, ID};
 
 pub type LoroResult<T> = Result<T, LoroError>;
 
@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@ pub enum LoroError {
     UsedOpID { id: ID },
     #[error("`Cycle move` occurs when moving tree nodes.")]
     CyclicMoveError,
-    #[error("The parent of tree node is not found")]
-    TreeNodeParentNotFound,
+    #[error("The parent of tree node is not found {0:?}")]
+    TreeNodeParentNotFound(TreeID),
     #[error("Deserialize json string error")]
     DeserializeJsonStringError,
     // #[error("the data for key `{0}` is not available")]
diff --git a/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs b/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
index c7dc806f5..fbaf87b4a 100644
--- a/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
@@ -250,8 +250,8 @@ pub const DELETED_TREE_ROOT: Option<TreeID> = Some(TreeID {
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Hash, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct TreeID {
-    pub peer: PeerID,
     pub counter: Counter,
+    pub peer: PeerID,
 }
 
 impl TreeID {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
index c6f902bd3..766acd69b 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
-use std::collections::BTreeSet;
+use std::collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet};
 
 use enum_dispatch::enum_dispatch;
 use fxhash::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
+use itertools::Itertools;
 use loro_common::{HasIdSpan, PeerID, TreeID, ID};
 
 use crate::{
@@ -458,7 +459,7 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for TextDiffCalculator {
 
 #[derive(Debug, Default)]
 struct TreeDiffCalculator {
-    trees: FxHashMap<TreeID, BTreeSet<CompactTreeNode>>,
+    trees: BTreeMap<TreeID, BTreeSet<CompactTreeNode>>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs
index b66a32f97..f16879633 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs
@@ -235,6 +235,7 @@ impl LoroDoc {
                         oplog.vv(),
                         Some(oplog.dag.get_frontiers()),
                     );
+                    println!("diff {:?}", diff);
                     let mut state = self.state.lock().unwrap();
                     state.apply_diff(InternalDocDiff {
                         origin,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
index 8361ccbbc..e903521da 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
@@ -971,4 +971,22 @@ mod test {
             .to_string();
         assert_eq!("he llo", &actual);
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn tree_encode_decode() {
+        let a = LoroDoc::default();
+        let b = LoroDoc::default();
+        let tree_a = a.get_tree("tree");
+        let tree_b = b.get_tree("tree");
+        let id1 = a.with_txn(|txn| tree_a.create(txn)).unwrap();
+        let id2 = a.with_txn(|txn| tree_a.create_and_mov(txn, id1)).unwrap();
+        let bytes = a.export_snapshot();
+        b.import(&bytes).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(a.get_deep_value(), b.get_deep_value());
+        let _id3 = b.with_txn(|txn| tree_b.create_and_mov(txn, id1)).unwrap();
+        b.with_txn(|txn| tree_b.delete(txn, id2)).unwrap();
+        let bytes = b.export_snapshot();
+        a.import(&bytes).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(a.get_deep_value(), b.get_deep_value());
+    }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
index 70f7ede3e..12688e8b9 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
@@ -33,7 +33,8 @@ struct TreeUndoItem {
 
 impl TreeState {
     pub fn new(idx: ContainerIdx) -> Self {
-        let trees = FxHashMap::default();
+        let mut trees = FxHashMap::default();
+        trees.insert(DELETED_TREE_ROOT.unwrap(), None);
         Self {
             idx,
             trees,
@@ -70,7 +71,7 @@ impl TreeState {
             return Ok(());
         };
         if !self.contains(parent) {
-            return Err(LoroError::TreeNodeParentNotFound);
+            return Err(LoroError::TreeNodeParentNotFound(parent));
         }
         if contained {
             if self.is_ancestor_of(&target, &parent) {
@@ -135,12 +136,21 @@ impl TreeState {
     }
 
     pub fn nodes(&self) -> Vec<TreeID> {
-        self.trees.keys().copied().collect::<Vec<_>>()
+        self.trees
+            .keys()
+            .filter(|&k| *k != DELETED_TREE_ROOT.unwrap())
+            .copied()
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
     }
 
     #[cfg(feature = "test_utils")]
     pub fn max_counter(&self) -> i32 {
-        self.trees.keys().map(|k| k.counter).max().unwrap_or(0)
+        self.trees
+            .keys()
+            .filter(|&k| *k != DELETED_TREE_ROOT.unwrap())
+            .map(|k| k.counter)
+            .max()
+            .unwrap_or(0)
     }
 }
 

From 89300baeaaa8062ebf4b571aefb4ac68233be6a4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 16:10:35 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 042/111] fix: tree diff sorted by lamport

---
 crates/loro-internal/src/delta.rs             |  2 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs        | 28 +++++++++++++++----
 crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs         | 25 +++++++++--------
 .../src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs          | 16 +++++++----
 crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs              |  1 -
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs  | 23 +++++++--------
 crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs               |  9 +++---
 crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs             | 27 +++++++++++++++++-
 8 files changed, 91 insertions(+), 40 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/delta.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta.rs
index bec34897b..78c2da52a 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/delta.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta.rs
@@ -5,4 +5,4 @@ pub use map::{MapDiff, ValuePair};
 mod map_delta;
 pub use map_delta::{MapDelta, MapValue};
 mod tree;
-pub use tree::TreeDelta;
+pub use tree::{TreeDelta, TreeDiff};
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs
index f4898caad..4290c0803 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs
@@ -1,23 +1,41 @@
 use fxhash::FxHashMap;
+use itertools::Itertools;
 use loro_common::TreeID;
 use serde::Serialize;
 
+use crate::change::Lamport;
+
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
 pub struct TreeDelta {
-    pub(crate) diff: FxHashMap<TreeID, Option<Option<TreeID>>>,
+    pub(crate) diff: Vec<(TreeID, TreeDiff)>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Serialize)]
+pub enum TreeDiff {
+    Delete,
+    Move((Lamport, Option<TreeID>)),
 }
 
 impl TreeDelta {
     pub(crate) fn compose(&self, x: TreeDelta) -> TreeDelta {
-        // TODO: lamport sort?
-        let mut diff = self.diff.clone();
+        let mut diff = self
+            .diff
+            .iter()
+            .map(|(k, v)| (*k, *v))
+            .collect::<FxHashMap<_, _>>();
         for (k, v) in x.diff.into_iter() {
-            if let Some(o) = diff.get_mut(&k) {
-                *o = v;
+            if let Some(old) = diff.get_mut(&k) {
+                if &v > old {
+                    *old = v;
+                }
             } else {
                 diff.insert(k, v);
             }
         }
+        let diff = diff
+            .into_iter()
+            .sorted_by_key(|(_, v)| *v)
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
         TreeDelta { diff }
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
index 766acd69b..65b813960 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use loro_common::{HasIdSpan, PeerID, TreeID, ID};
 use crate::{
     change::Lamport,
     container::{idx::ContainerIdx, tree::tree_op::TreeOp},
-    delta::{MapDelta, MapValue, TreeDelta},
+    delta::{MapDelta, MapValue, TreeDelta, TreeDiff},
     event::Diff,
     id::Counter,
     op::RichOp,
@@ -459,7 +459,7 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for TextDiffCalculator {
 
 #[derive(Debug, Default)]
 struct TreeDiffCalculator {
-    trees: BTreeMap<TreeID, BTreeSet<CompactTreeNode>>,
+    trees: FxHashMap<TreeID, BTreeSet<CompactTreeNode>>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
@@ -521,23 +521,26 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for TreeDiffCalculator {
                 (f, t)
             };
 
+            let tree_diff = if let Some(t) = peek_to {
+                TreeDiff::Move((t.lamport, t.parent))
+            } else {
+                TreeDiff::Delete
+            };
+
             match (peek_from, peek_to) {
                 (None, None) => {}
-                (None, Some(_)) => changed.push((*k, peek_to)),
-                (Some(_), None) => changed.push((*k, peek_to)),
+                (None, Some(_)) => changed.push((*k, tree_diff)),
+                (Some(_), None) => changed.push((*k, tree_diff)),
                 (Some(a), Some(b)) => {
                     if a != b {
-                        changed.push((*k, peek_to))
+                        changed.push((*k, tree_diff))
                     }
                 }
             }
         }
-        let mut updated = FxHashMap::with_capacity_and_hasher(changed.len(), Default::default());
-        for (key, value) in changed {
-            let value = value.map(|v| v.parent);
-            updated.insert(key, value);
-        }
 
-        Diff::Tree(TreeDelta { diff: updated })
+        changed.sort_by_key(|(_, v)| *v);
+
+        Diff::Tree(TreeDelta { diff: changed })
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
index 8703c63d4..159c57ef4 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
@@ -17,8 +17,9 @@ use crate::{
     ContainerType, LoroValue,
 };
 use crate::{
-    container::idx::ContainerIdx, handler::TreeHandler, loro::LoroDoc, state::Forest,
-    value::ToJson, version::Frontiers, ApplyDiff, ListHandler, MapHandler, TextHandler,
+    container::idx::ContainerIdx, delta::TreeDiff, handler::TreeHandler, loro::LoroDoc,
+    state::Forest, value::ToJson, version::Frontiers, ApplyDiff, ListHandler, MapHandler,
+    TextHandler,
 };
 
 #[derive(Arbitrary, EnumAsInner, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
@@ -142,10 +143,13 @@ impl Actor {
                 let mut tree = tree.lock().unwrap();
                 if let Diff::Tree(tree_delta) = &event.container.diff {
                     for (key, value) in tree_delta.diff.iter() {
-                        if let Some(p) = value {
-                            tree.insert(*key, *p);
-                        } else {
-                            tree.remove(key);
+                        match value {
+                            TreeDiff::Delete => {
+                                tree.remove(key);
+                            }
+                            TreeDiff::Move((_, p)) => {
+                                tree.insert(*key, *p);
+                            }
                         }
                     }
                 } else {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs
index f16879633..b66a32f97 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs
@@ -235,7 +235,6 @@ impl LoroDoc {
                         oplog.vv(),
                         Some(oplog.dag.get_frontiers()),
                     );
-                    println!("diff {:?}", diff);
                     let mut state = self.state.lock().unwrap();
                     state.apply_diff(InternalDocDiff {
                         origin,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
index 12688e8b9..61f2c62ee 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use crate::{
     arena::SharedArena,
     container::{idx::ContainerIdx, tree::tree_op::TreeOp},
+    delta::TreeDiff,
     event::Diff,
     op::RawOp,
 };
@@ -158,11 +159,12 @@ impl ContainerState for TreeState {
     fn apply_diff(&mut self, diff: &mut Diff, _arena: &SharedArena) -> LoroResult<()> {
         if let Diff::Tree(tree) = diff {
             for (target, parent) in &tree.diff {
-                if let Some(p) = parent {
-                    self.mov(*target, *p)?
-                } else {
-                    self.trees.remove(target);
-                }
+                match parent {
+                    TreeDiff::Delete => {
+                        self.trees.remove(target);
+                    }
+                    TreeDiff::Move((_, p)) => self.mov(*target, *p)?,
+                };
             }
         }
         Ok(())
@@ -299,12 +301,11 @@ impl Forest {
     pub(crate) fn apply_diffs(&self, diff: &[Diff]) -> Self {
         let mut state = self.to_state();
         for item in diff {
-            for (&id, &parent) in item.as_tree().unwrap().diff.iter() {
-                if let Some(p) = parent {
-                    state.insert(id, p);
-                } else {
-                    state.remove(&id);
-                }
+            for (id, parent) in item.as_tree().unwrap().diff.iter() {
+                match parent {
+                    TreeDiff::Delete => state.remove(id),
+                    TreeDiff::Move((_, p)) => state.insert(*id, *p),
+                };
             }
         }
         Self::from_tree_state(&state)
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
index dd726927a..218b90a44 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use crate::{
         idx::ContainerIdx, list::list_op::InnerListOp, text::text_content::SliceRanges,
         IntoContainerId,
     },
-    delta::{Delta, MapValue, TreeDelta},
+    delta::{Delta, MapValue, TreeDelta, TreeDiff},
     event::Diff,
     handler::TreeHandler,
     id::{Counter, PeerID, ID},
@@ -363,9 +363,10 @@ fn change_to_diff(
                         Diff::NewMap(crate::delta::MapDelta { updated })
                     }
                     crate::op::InnerContent::Tree(tree) => {
-                        let mut diff = FxHashMap::default();
-                        diff.insert(tree.target, Some(tree.parent));
-                        Diff::Tree(TreeDelta { diff })
+                        let tree_diff = TreeDiff::Move((lamport, tree.parent));
+                        Diff::Tree(TreeDelta {
+                            diff: vec![(tree.target, tree_diff)],
+                        })
                     }
                 },
             }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
index 346d88999..8bf468a08 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ pub mod wasm {
     use wasm_bindgen::{JsValue, __rt::IntoJsResult};
 
     use crate::{
-        delta::{Delta, DeltaItem, MapDelta, MapDiff, TreeDelta},
+        delta::{Delta, DeltaItem, MapDelta, MapDiff, TreeDelta, TreeDiff},
         event::{Diff, Index},
         LoroValue,
     };
@@ -382,6 +382,31 @@ pub mod wasm {
         }
     }
 
+    impl From<TreeDiff> for JsValue {
+        fn from(value: TreeDiff) -> Self {
+            let obj = Object::new();
+            match value {
+                TreeDiff::Delete => {
+                    js_sys::Reflect::set(
+                        &obj,
+                        &JsValue::from_str("type"),
+                        &JsValue::from_str("delete"),
+                    )
+                    .unwrap();
+                }
+                TreeDiff::Move((_, parent)) => {
+                    let ty = if parent.is_none() { "create" } else { "move" };
+                    js_sys::Reflect::set(&obj, &JsValue::from_str("type"), &JsValue::from_str(ty))
+                        .unwrap();
+                    if let Some(p) = parent {
+                        js_sys::Reflect::set(&obj, &JsValue::from_str("to"), &p.into()).unwrap();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            obj.into_js_result().unwrap()
+        }
+    }
+
     impl From<TreeDelta> for JsValue {
         fn from(value: TreeDelta) -> Self {
             let obj = Object::new();

From 2738e04d8728abb9f7707dbbf2673a1a60206fb4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 16:10:35 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 043/111] fix: sort roots before tree converted to string

---
 crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs       | 22 ++++++++++++++++++++
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs |  2 ++
 2 files changed, 24 insertions(+)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs
index 4290c0803..c889dcdd4 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs
@@ -39,3 +39,25 @@ impl TreeDelta {
         TreeDelta { diff }
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    #[test]
+    fn tree_diff_ord() {
+        let mut v = vec![
+            TreeDiff::Delete,
+            TreeDiff::Move((0, None)),
+            TreeDiff::Move((1, None)),
+        ];
+        v.sort();
+        assert_eq!(
+            v,
+            vec![
+                TreeDiff::Delete,
+                TreeDiff::Move((0, None)),
+                TreeDiff::Move((1, None))
+            ]
+        )
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
index 61f2c62ee..e854db614 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ use std::{
 };
 
 use fxhash::FxHashMap;
+use itertools::Itertools;
 use loro_common::{LoroError, LoroResult, LoroValue, TreeID, DELETED_TREE_ROOT};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
@@ -243,6 +244,7 @@ impl Forest {
             .iter()
             .filter(|(&id, parent)| parent.is_none() && id != DELETED_TREE_ROOT.unwrap())
             .map(|(id, _)| *id)
+            .sorted()
         {
             let mut stack = vec![(
                 root,

From 1b3f352ecbca2594c1b52ba7351810c9136b92f8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 16:10:35 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 044/111] fix: rebase main

---
 crates/loro-internal/Cargo.toml                     | 3 ++-
 crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs | 4 ++--
 crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs         | 4 ++--
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/map_state.rs         | 2 +-
 4 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/Cargo.toml b/crates/loro-internal/Cargo.toml
index 587edf655..86c89f39c 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/Cargo.toml
@@ -60,7 +60,8 @@ doctest = false
 bench = false
 
 [features]
-default = []
+# movable tree need json
+default = ["json"]
 compress = ["serde_columnar/compress"]
 # "wasm" will use utf-16 index by default when using text related stuff; But it'll use utf-8 encoding internally.
 wasm = ["wasm-bindgen", "js-sys", "serde-wasm-bindgen", "loro-common/wasm"]
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs
index acfbd5018..c15c82657 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ pub(super) fn encode_oplog_changes(oplog: &OpLog, vv: &VersionVector) -> Vec<u8>
                         } else {
                             LoroValue::Null
                         };
-                        (prop, value)
+                        (prop, Some(value))
                     }
                     crate::op::RawOpContent::Map(MapSet { key, value }) => (
                         *key_to_idx.entry(key.clone()).or_insert_with(|| {
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ pub(super) fn decode_changes_to_inner_format_oplog(
                 let content = match container_type {
                     ContainerType::Tree => {
                         let target = tree_ids[prop].into();
-                        let parent = match value {
+                        let parent = match value.unwrap() {
                             LoroValue::Null => None,
                             LoroValue::I32(i) => Some(tree_ids[i as usize].into()),
                             _ => unreachable!(),
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
index e903521da..dcaf5de90 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
@@ -459,7 +459,7 @@ impl EncodedSnapshotOp {
         } else if self.value == 0 {
             None
         } else {
-            Some(self.value)
+            Some(self.value as usize)
         };
         SnapshotOp::Tree {
             target: self.prop,
@@ -513,7 +513,7 @@ impl EncodedSnapshotOp {
                     prop: target,
                     len: 0,
                     is_del,
-                    value: parent.unwrap_or(0),
+                    value: parent.unwrap_or(0) as isize,
                 }
             }
         }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/map_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/map_state.rs
index 731af9c56..8a591fd14 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/map_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/map_state.rs
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ impl ContainerState for MapState {
                             value: None,
                         },
                     );
-                    return;
+                    return Ok(());
                 }
                 let value = value.unwrap();
                 if value.is_container() {

From 76782027ec7263cb361a40c68b2f0843b4c49e8a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 16:10:35 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 045/111] fix: tree fuzz

---
 crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs                 |  2 +-
 .../src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs          | 94 ++++++++++++-------
 2 files changed, 63 insertions(+), 33 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs b/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
index fbaf87b4a..c7dc806f5 100644
--- a/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
@@ -250,8 +250,8 @@ pub const DELETED_TREE_ROOT: Option<TreeID> = Some(TreeID {
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Hash, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct TreeID {
-    pub counter: Counter,
     pub peer: PeerID,
+    pub counter: Counter,
 }
 
 impl TreeID {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
index 159c57ef4..5191e7dd8 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
@@ -46,8 +46,8 @@ pub enum Action {
     Tree {
         site: u8,
         container_idx: u8,
-        target: u8,
-        parent: u8,
+        target: (u8, u8),
+        parent: (u8, u8),
         is_new: bool,
         is_del: bool,
     },
@@ -318,13 +318,13 @@ impl Tabled for Action {
                 "tree".into(),
                 format!("{}", site).into(),
                 format!("{}", container_idx).into(),
-                format!("{}", target).into(),
+                format!("{:?}", target).into(),
                 (if *is_del {
                     "Delete".to_string()
                 } else if *is_new {
                     "Create".to_string()
                 } else {
-                    format!("MoveTo {parent}")
+                    format!("MoveTo {parent:?}")
                 })
                 .into(),
             ],
@@ -381,11 +381,12 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<Actor> {
             Action::Tree {
                 site,
                 container_idx,
-                target,
-                parent,
+                target: (target_peer, target_counter),
+                parent: (parent_peer, parent_counter),
                 is_new,
                 is_del,
             } => {
+                let parent = *site;
                 // TODO: better data
                 *site %= max_users;
                 *container_idx %= self[*site as usize].tree_containers.len().max(1) as u8;
@@ -393,41 +394,68 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<Actor> {
                     .tree_containers
                     .get(*container_idx as usize)
                 {
-                    let tree_num = tree.max_counter();
-                    if tree_num == 0 {
-                        *is_new = true;
+                    let nodes = tree.nodes();
+                    let tree_num = nodes.len();
+                    let mut max_counter_mapping = FxHashMap::default();
+                    for TreeID { peer, counter } in nodes.clone() {
+                        if let Some(c) = max_counter_mapping.get_mut(&peer) {
+                            *c = counter.max(*c);
+                        } else {
+                            max_counter_mapping.insert(peer, counter);
+                        }
                     }
+                    // let this_tree_num = max_counter_mapping.get(&(*site as u64)).unwrap_or(&-1) + 1;
                     if tree_num > 255 {
                         *is_new = false;
+                    } else if !max_counter_mapping.contains_key(&(*target_counter as u64)) {
+                        *is_new = true;
                     }
-                    *parent %= (tree_num as u8).max(1);
+                    let tree_num = tree_num as u8;
 
                     if tree.contains(TreeID {
-                        peer: 0,
-                        counter: *target as i32,
+                        peer: *target_peer as u64,
+                        counter: *target_counter as i32,
                     }) {
                         // target exists
                         *is_new = false;
                     } else {
                         // target not exists
                         if *is_new {
-                            *target = tree_num as u8 + 1;
+                            *target_counter = max_counter_mapping
+                                .get(&(*target_peer as u64))
+                                .copied()
+                                .unwrap_or(-1) as u8
+                                + 1;
                         }
                     }
+                    let target = TreeID {
+                        peer: *target_peer as u64,
+                        counter: *target_counter as i32,
+                    };
                     // fix move
                     if !*is_new && !*is_del {
-                        let parents = tree.nodes();
-                        let p_idx = *parent as usize % parents.len().max(1);
-                        let p = parents[p_idx];
-                        *parent = p.counter as u8;
+                        let p_idx = (parent % tree_num) as usize;
+                        let mut p = nodes[p_idx];
+                        let mut i = 0;
+                        while p == target {
+                            p = nodes[((parent + i) % tree_num) as usize];
+                            i += 1;
+                        }
+                        *parent_peer = p.peer as u8;
+                        *parent_counter = p.counter as u8;
                     }
                     // avoid moving self
-                    if !*is_del && *target == *parent {
+                    if !*is_del
+                        && (target.peer as u8, target.counter as u8)
+                            == (*parent_peer, *parent_counter)
+                    {
                         *is_del = true;
                     }
                 } else {
-                    *target = 0;
-                    *parent = 0;
+                    *target_peer = *site;
+                    *target_counter = 0;
+                    *parent_peer = 0;
+                    *parent_counter = 0;
                     *is_del = false;
                     *is_new = true;
                 }
@@ -761,8 +789,8 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<Actor> {
             Action::Tree {
                 site,
                 container_idx,
-                target,
-                parent,
+                target: (target_peer, target_counter),
+                parent: (parent_peer, parent_counter),
                 is_new,
                 is_del,
             } => {
@@ -777,8 +805,8 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<Actor> {
                 };
                 let mut txn = actor.loro.txn().unwrap();
                 let target = TreeID {
-                    peer: 0,
-                    counter: *target as i32,
+                    peer: *target_peer as u64,
+                    counter: *target_counter as i32,
                 };
                 if *is_new {
                     container.create_with_id(&mut txn, target).unwrap();
@@ -790,8 +818,8 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<Actor> {
                             &mut txn,
                             target,
                             TreeID {
-                                peer: 0,
-                                counter: *parent as i32,
+                                peer: *parent_peer as u64,
+                                counter: *parent_counter as i32,
                             },
                         )
                         .unwrap();
@@ -1936,14 +1964,16 @@ mod failed_tests {
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn ddd() {
+    fn tree() {
         test_multi_sites(
             5,
-            &mut [Map {
-                site: 1,
-                container_idx: 1,
-                key: 37,
-                value: FuzzValue::I32(1),
+            &mut [Tree {
+                site: 96,
+                container_idx: 0,
+                target: (0, 0),
+                parent: (2, 0),
+                is_new: false,
+                is_del: false,
             }],
         )
     }

From 61d4d52bf58faf777e950b3e0f0f10f8b8ea5303 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 16:10:35 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 046/111] fix: delete undo

---
 .../src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs          | 40 ++++++++++++-------
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs  | 20 +++++-----
 2 files changed, 35 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
index 5191e7dd8..1cf83d746 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
@@ -319,10 +319,10 @@ impl Tabled for Action {
                 format!("{}", site).into(),
                 format!("{}", container_idx).into(),
                 format!("{:?}", target).into(),
-                (if *is_del {
-                    "Delete".to_string()
-                } else if *is_new {
+                (if *is_new {
                     "Create".to_string()
+                } else if *is_del {
+                    "Delete".to_string()
                 } else {
                     format!("MoveTo {parent:?}")
                 })
@@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<Actor> {
                     // let this_tree_num = max_counter_mapping.get(&(*site as u64)).unwrap_or(&-1) + 1;
                     if tree_num > 255 {
                         *is_new = false;
-                    } else if !max_counter_mapping.contains_key(&(*target_counter as u64)) {
+                    } else if !max_counter_mapping.contains_key(&(*target_peer as u64)) {
                         *is_new = true;
                     }
                     let tree_num = tree_num as u8;
@@ -421,11 +421,11 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<Actor> {
                     } else {
                         // target not exists
                         if *is_new {
-                            *target_counter = max_counter_mapping
+                            *target_counter = (max_counter_mapping
                                 .get(&(*target_peer as u64))
                                 .copied()
-                                .unwrap_or(-1) as u8
-                                + 1;
+                                .unwrap_or(-1)
+                                + 1) as u8;
                         }
                     }
                     let target = TreeID {
@@ -1967,14 +1967,24 @@ mod failed_tests {
     fn tree() {
         test_multi_sites(
             5,
-            &mut [Tree {
-                site: 96,
-                container_idx: 0,
-                target: (0, 0),
-                parent: (2, 0),
-                is_new: false,
-                is_del: false,
-            }],
+            &mut [
+                Tree {
+                    site: 96,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    target: (0, 0),
+                    parent: (255, 126),
+                    is_new: true,
+                    is_del: true,
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 131,
+                    container_idx: 255,
+                    target: (0, 0),
+                    parent: (0, 238),
+                    is_new: true,
+                    is_del: true,
+                },
+            ],
         )
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
index e854db614..48b2f869c 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
@@ -46,22 +46,22 @@ impl TreeState {
     }
 
     pub fn mov(&mut self, target: TreeID, parent: Option<TreeID>) -> Result<(), LoroError> {
-        let mut deleted = false;
+        // let mut deleted = false;
         let mut contained = false;
 
         if let Some(old_parent) = self.trees.get_mut(&target) {
-            if TreeID::is_deleted(*old_parent) {
-                deleted = true;
-            }
-            contained = !deleted && old_parent.is_some();
+            contained = true;
+            // if TreeID::is_deleted(*old_parent) {
+            //     deleted = true;
+            // }
         }
 
         let Some(parent) = parent else{
-            if deleted{
-                // the node exists but is deleted, now want to create it.
-                // keep the deleted state
-                return Ok(());
-            }
+            // if deleted{
+            //     // the node exists but is deleted, now want to create it.
+            //     // keep the deleted state
+            //     return Ok(());
+            // }
             // new root node
             self.trees.insert(target, None);
             if self.in_txn {

From 80491afa14e75f97ac555bc31dbe2a03b282ad64 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 16:10:35 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 047/111] fix: tree to json children sorted

---
 .../src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs          | 72 +++++++++++++++----
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs  |  1 +
 2 files changed, 60 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
index 1cf83d746..95c8766cf 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
@@ -410,6 +410,7 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<Actor> {
                     } else if !max_counter_mapping.contains_key(&(*target_peer as u64)) {
                         *is_new = true;
                     }
+
                     let tree_num = tree_num as u8;
 
                     if tree.contains(TreeID {
@@ -418,6 +419,9 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<Actor> {
                     }) {
                         // target exists
                         *is_new = false;
+                        if tree_num == 1 && !*is_del {
+                            *is_del = true;
+                        }
                     } else {
                         // target not exists
                         if *is_new {
@@ -432,13 +436,15 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<Actor> {
                         peer: *target_peer as u64,
                         counter: *target_counter as i32,
                     };
+
                     // fix move
                     if !*is_new && !*is_del {
-                        let p_idx = (parent % tree_num) as usize;
+                        let mut p_idx = (parent % tree_num) as usize;
                         let mut p = nodes[p_idx];
                         let mut i = 0;
                         while p == target {
-                            p = nodes[((parent + i) % tree_num) as usize];
+                            p_idx = (parent as usize + i) % tree_num as usize;
+                            p = nodes[p_idx];
                             i += 1;
                         }
                         *parent_peer = p.peer as u8;
@@ -1969,21 +1975,61 @@ mod failed_tests {
             5,
             &mut [
                 Tree {
-                    site: 96,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    target: (0, 0),
-                    parent: (255, 126),
-                    is_new: true,
-                    is_del: true,
+                    site: 136,
+                    container_idx: 136,
+                    target: (136, 136),
+                    parent: (136, 136),
+                    is_new: false,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 136,
+                    container_idx: 136,
+                    target: (136, 139),
+                    parent: (136, 136),
+                    is_new: false,
+                    is_del: false,
                 },
                 Tree {
-                    site: 131,
-                    container_idx: 255,
-                    target: (0, 0),
-                    parent: (0, 238),
-                    is_new: true,
+                    site: 136,
+                    container_idx: 136,
+                    target: (136, 136),
+                    parent: (0, 0),
+                    is_new: false,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 136,
+                    target: (136, 136),
+                    parent: (120, 104),
+                    is_new: false,
                     is_del: true,
                 },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 104,
+                    container_idx: 104,
+                    target: (1, 136),
+                    parent: (136, 136),
+                    is_new: false,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 136,
+                    container_idx: 136,
+                    target: (136, 136),
+                    parent: (136, 136),
+                    is_new: false,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 136,
+                    container_idx: 136,
+                    target: (136, 136),
+                    parent: (96, 136),
+                    is_new: false,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
             ],
         )
     }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
index 48b2f869c..420927556 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
@@ -231,6 +231,7 @@ impl Forest {
         for (id, parent) in state
             .iter()
             .filter(|(_, &parent)| parent != DELETED_TREE_ROOT)
+            .sorted()
         {
             if let Some(parent) = parent {
                 node_to_children

From b2ec422c3288db9aa2fe18c4864f9c898bb09000 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 16:10:35 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 048/111] fix: diff calculate

---
 .../loro-internal/src/container/tree/mod.rs   |   1 +
 .../src/container/tree/tracker.rs             | 127 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../src/container/tree/tree_op.rs             |  10 ++
 crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs        |  84 ++++++------
 crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs         | 121 +++++++++++------
 .../src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs          |  83 ++++++------
 crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs           |  15 +++
 crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs             |   1 -
 crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs   |   2 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs  |  11 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs               |   2 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs             |   2 +-
 12 files changed, 329 insertions(+), 130 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 crates/loro-internal/src/container/tree/tracker.rs

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/tree/mod.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/tree/mod.rs
index 2ff8be6cd..0786a2ab5 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/tree/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/tree/mod.rs
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
+pub(crate) mod tracker;
 pub(crate) mod tree_op;
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/tree/tracker.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/tree/tracker.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9a2b272c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/tree/tracker.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+use fxhash::FxHashMap;
+use loro_common::{Counter, HasId, IdSpan, ID};
+use rle::{HasLength, RleVec, Sliceable};
+
+use crate::{
+    container::text::tracker::id_to_u128,
+    op::{InnerContent, RichOp},
+    VersionVector,
+};
+
+use super::tree_op::TreeOp;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+pub(crate) struct TreeTracker {
+    /// from start_vv to latest vv are applied
+    start_vv: VersionVector,
+    /// latest applied ops version vector
+    all_vv: VersionVector,
+    /// current content version vector
+    current_vv: VersionVector,
+    id_to_op: FxHashMap<u128, TreeOp>,
+    content: RleVec<[TreeOp; 0]>,
+}
+
+impl TreeTracker {
+    pub fn new(start_vv: VersionVector) -> Self {
+        TreeTracker {
+            all_vv: start_vv.clone(),
+            current_vv: start_vv.clone(),
+            start_vv,
+            id_to_op: Default::default(),
+            content: Default::default(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn checkout(&mut self, vv: &VersionVector) {
+        if &self.current_vv == vv {
+            // we can return here even if in for_diff mode.
+            // because by default after_status will use the status in the current version
+            return;
+        }
+
+        let self_vv = std::mem::take(&mut self.current_vv);
+        {
+            let diff = self_vv.diff_iter(vv);
+            self.retreat(diff.0);
+            self.forward(diff.1);
+        }
+        self.current_vv = vv.clone();
+        todo!();
+    }
+
+    pub fn track_apply(&mut self, rich_op: &RichOp) {
+        let content = rich_op.get_sliced().content;
+        let id = rich_op.id_start();
+        if self
+            .all_vv()
+            .includes_id(id.inc(content.atom_len() as Counter - 1))
+        {
+            self.forward(std::iter::once(id.to_span(content.atom_len())));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if self.all_vv().includes_id(id) {
+            let this_ctr = self.all_vv().get(&id.peer).unwrap();
+            let shift = this_ctr - id.counter;
+            self.forward(std::iter::once(id.to_span(shift as usize)));
+            if shift as usize >= content.atom_len() {
+                unreachable!();
+            }
+            self.apply(
+                id.inc(shift),
+                &content.slice(shift as usize, content.atom_len()),
+            );
+        } else {
+            self.apply(id, &content)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// apply an operation directly to the current tracker
+    fn apply(&mut self, id: ID, content: &InnerContent) {
+        assert!(*self.current_vv.get(&id.peer).unwrap_or(&0) <= id.counter);
+        assert!(*self.all_vv.get(&id.peer).unwrap_or(&0) <= id.counter);
+        self.current_vv
+            .set_end(id.inc(content.content_len() as i32));
+        self.all_vv.set_end(id.inc(content.content_len() as i32));
+        let tree_op = content.as_tree().expect("Content is not for tree");
+        self.id_to_op.insert(id_to_u128(id), *tree_op);
+    }
+
+    fn forward(&mut self, spans: impl Iterator<Item = IdSpan>) {
+        for span in spans {
+            let end_id = ID::new(span.client_id, span.counter.end);
+            // if !for_diff {
+            //     self.current_vv.set_end(end_id);
+            // }
+            if let Some(all_end_ctr) = self.all_vv.get(&span.client_id) {
+                let all_end = *all_end_ctr;
+                if all_end < span.counter.end {
+                    // there may be holes when there are multiple containers
+                    self.all_vv.insert(span.client_id, span.counter.end);
+                }
+                if all_end <= span.counter.start {
+                    continue;
+                }
+            } else {
+                self.all_vv.set_end(end_id);
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn retreat(&mut self, spans: impl Iterator<Item = IdSpan>) {}
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn start_vv(&self) -> &VersionVector {
+        &self.start_vv
+    }
+
+    pub fn all_vv(&self) -> &VersionVector {
+        &self.all_vv
+    }
+
+    pub fn contains(&self, id: ID) -> bool {
+        self.all_vv.includes_id(id)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/tree/tree_op.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/tree/tree_op.rs
index cc7ca5969..915e66c15 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/tree/tree_op.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/tree/tree_op.rs
@@ -8,6 +8,16 @@ pub struct TreeOp {
     pub(crate) parent: Option<TreeID>,
 }
 
+impl TreeOp {
+    pub(crate) fn is_delete(&self) -> bool {
+        TreeID::is_deleted(self.parent)
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn is_root(&self) -> bool {
+        self.parent.is_none()
+    }
+}
+
 impl HasLength for TreeOp {
     fn content_len(&self) -> usize {
         1
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs
index c889dcdd4..754fde9c7 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs
@@ -13,51 +13,53 @@ pub struct TreeDelta {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Serialize)]
 pub enum TreeDiff {
     Delete,
-    Move((Lamport, Option<TreeID>)),
+    Move(Option<TreeID>),
 }
 
 impl TreeDelta {
+    // TODO:
     pub(crate) fn compose(&self, x: TreeDelta) -> TreeDelta {
-        let mut diff = self
-            .diff
-            .iter()
-            .map(|(k, v)| (*k, *v))
-            .collect::<FxHashMap<_, _>>();
-        for (k, v) in x.diff.into_iter() {
-            if let Some(old) = diff.get_mut(&k) {
-                if &v > old {
-                    *old = v;
-                }
-            } else {
-                diff.insert(k, v);
-            }
-        }
-        let diff = diff
-            .into_iter()
-            .sorted_by_key(|(_, v)| *v)
-            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-        TreeDelta { diff }
+        todo!();
+        // let mut diff = self
+        //     .diff
+        //     .iter()
+        //     .map(|(k, v)| (*k, *v))
+        //     .collect::<FxHashMap<_, _>>();
+        // for (k, v) in x.diff.into_iter() {
+        //     if let Some(old) = diff.get_mut(&k) {
+        //         if &v > old {
+        //             *old = v;
+        //         }
+        //     } else {
+        //         diff.insert(k, v);
+        //     }
+        // }
+        // let diff = diff
+        //     .into_iter()
+        //     .sorted_by_key(|(_, v)| *v)
+        //     .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        // TreeDelta { diff }
     }
 }
 
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-    #[test]
-    fn tree_diff_ord() {
-        let mut v = vec![
-            TreeDiff::Delete,
-            TreeDiff::Move((0, None)),
-            TreeDiff::Move((1, None)),
-        ];
-        v.sort();
-        assert_eq!(
-            v,
-            vec![
-                TreeDiff::Delete,
-                TreeDiff::Move((0, None)),
-                TreeDiff::Move((1, None))
-            ]
-        )
-    }
-}
+// #[cfg(test)]
+// mod tests {
+//     use super::*;
+//     #[test]
+//     fn tree_diff_ord() {
+//         let mut v = vec![
+//             TreeDiff::Delete,
+//             TreeDiff::Move((0, None)),
+//             TreeDiff::Move((1, None)),
+//         ];
+//         v.sort();
+//         assert_eq!(
+//             v,
+//             vec![
+//                 TreeDiff::Delete,
+//                 TreeDiff::Move((0, None)),
+//                 TreeDiff::Move((1, None))
+//             ]
+//         )
+//     }
+// }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
index 65b813960..ff64bf78d 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ use std::collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet};
 
 use enum_dispatch::enum_dispatch;
 use fxhash::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
-use itertools::Itertools;
-use loro_common::{HasIdSpan, PeerID, TreeID, ID};
+use loro_common::{HasIdSpan, PeerID, TreeID, DELETED_TREE_ROOT, ID};
 
 use crate::{
     change::Lamport,
     container::{idx::ContainerIdx, tree::tree_op::TreeOp},
+    dag::DagUtils,
     delta::{MapDelta, MapValue, TreeDelta, TreeDiff},
     event::Diff,
     id::Counter,
@@ -459,7 +459,7 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for TextDiffCalculator {
 
 #[derive(Debug, Default)]
 struct TreeDiffCalculator {
-    trees: FxHashMap<TreeID, BTreeSet<CompactTreeNode>>,
+    nodes: BTreeSet<CompactTreeNode>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
@@ -467,6 +467,7 @@ struct CompactTreeNode {
     lamport: Lamport,
     peer: PeerID,
     counter: Counter,
+    target: TreeID,
     parent: Option<TreeID>,
 }
 
@@ -485,12 +486,10 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for TreeDiffCalculator {
             lamport: op.lamport(),
             peer: op.client_id(),
             counter: op.id_start().counter,
+            target: *target,
             parent: *parent,
         };
-        self.trees
-            .entry(*target)
-            .or_insert_with(BTreeSet::new)
-            .insert(c_node);
+        self.nodes.insert(c_node);
     }
 
     fn stop_tracking(&mut self, _oplog: &OpLog, _vv: &crate::VersionVector) {}
@@ -498,49 +497,93 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for TreeDiffCalculator {
     // TODO: tree
     fn calculate_diff(
         &mut self,
-        _oplog: &OpLog,
+        oplog: &OpLog,
         from: &crate::VersionVector,
         to: &crate::VersionVector,
     ) -> Diff {
-        let mut changed = Vec::new();
-        for (k, g) in self.trees.iter_mut() {
-            let (peek_from, peek_to) = {
-                let mut f = None;
-                let mut t = None;
-                for v in g.iter().rev() {
-                    if t.is_none() && to.get(&v.peer).copied().unwrap_or(0) > v.counter {
-                        t = Some(*v);
-                    }
-                    if f.is_none() && from.get(&v.peer).copied().unwrap_or(0) > v.counter {
-                        f = Some(*v);
-                    }
-                    if t.is_some() && f.is_some() {
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-                (f, t)
+        // let mut from = VersionVector::default();
+        // let mut to = VersionVector::default();
+        // from.insert(1, 3);
+        // to.insert(1, 1);
+        // self.current_vv.insert(1, 3);
+
+        // println!("from {:?} to {:?}", from, to);
+        let mut merged_vv = from.clone();
+        merged_vv.merge(to);
+        let from_frontiers_inner;
+        let to_frontiers_inner;
+        let from_frontiers = {
+            from_frontiers_inner = Some(from.to_frontiers(&oplog.dag));
+            from_frontiers_inner.as_ref().unwrap()
+        };
+        let to_frontiers = {
+            to_frontiers_inner = Some(to.to_frontiers(&oplog.dag));
+            to_frontiers_inner.as_ref().unwrap()
+        };
+        let common_ancestors = oplog.dag.find_common_ancestor(from_frontiers, to_frontiers);
+        let lca_vv = oplog.dag.frontiers_to_vv(&common_ancestors).unwrap();
+        // println!("lca vv {:?}", lca_vv);
+        let mut latest_vv = lca_vv.clone();
+        let mut need_revert_ops = Vec::new();
+        let mut apply_ops = Vec::new();
+        for node in self.nodes.iter() {
+            let id = ID {
+                peer: node.peer,
+                counter: node.counter,
             };
 
-            let tree_diff = if let Some(t) = peek_to {
-                TreeDiff::Move((t.lamport, t.parent))
-            } else {
-                TreeDiff::Delete
-            };
+            if from.includes_id(id) && !lca_vv.includes_id(id) {
+                need_revert_ops.push(node);
+                latest_vv.set_end(id);
+            }
+            if to.includes_id(id) && !lca_vv.includes_id(id) {
+                apply_ops.push(node)
+            }
+        }
 
-            match (peek_from, peek_to) {
-                (None, None) => {}
-                (None, Some(_)) => changed.push((*k, tree_diff)),
-                (Some(_), None) => changed.push((*k, tree_diff)),
-                (Some(a), Some(b)) => {
-                    if a != b {
-                        changed.push((*k, tree_diff))
+        let mut diff = Vec::new();
+        let mut cache = FxHashMap::default();
+        for (change, _vv) in oplog.iter_causally(VersionVector::default(), latest_vv) {
+            for op in change.ops().iter() {
+                match op.content {
+                    crate::op::InnerContent::Tree(tree) => {
+                        cache
+                            .entry(tree.target)
+                            .or_insert_with(BTreeMap::default)
+                            .insert(change.lamport, tree.parent);
                     }
+                    _ => continue,
                 }
             }
         }
 
-        changed.sort_by_key(|(_, v)| *v);
+        // println!("cache {:?}", cache);
+        while let Some(node) = need_revert_ops.pop() {
+            let target = node.target;
+            // TODO: old parent
+            let mut old_parent = DELETED_TREE_ROOT;
+            if let Some(cache) = cache.get(&target) {
+                for (lamport, parent) in cache {
+                    if *lamport < node.lamport {
+                        old_parent = *parent
+                    } else {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            // println!(
+            //     "{:?} old parent {:?}   lamport {}",
+            //     target, old_parent, node.lamport
+            // );
+            diff.push((target, TreeDiff::Move(old_parent)))
+        }
+        // println!("\nrevert op {:?}", diff);
+
+        for node in apply_ops {
+            diff.push((node.target, TreeDiff::Move(node.parent)))
+        }
+        // println!("\ndiff {:?}", diff);
 
-        Diff::Tree(TreeDelta { diff: changed })
+        Diff::Tree(TreeDelta { diff })
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
index 95c8766cf..8e657a7da 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ impl Actor {
                             TreeDiff::Delete => {
                                 tree.remove(key);
                             }
-                            TreeDiff::Move((_, p)) => {
+                            TreeDiff::Move(p) => {
                                 tree.insert(*key, *p);
                             }
                         }
@@ -947,6 +947,8 @@ fn check_history(actor: &mut Actor) {
     assert!(!actor.history.is_empty());
     for (c, (f, v)) in actor.history.iter().enumerate() {
         let f = Frontiers::from(f);
+        // println!("\nfrom {:?} checkout {:?}", actor.loro.oplog_vv(), f);
+        // println!("before state {:?}", actor.loro.get_deep_value());
         actor.loro.checkout(&f).unwrap();
         let actual = actor.loro.get_deep_value();
         assert_eq!(v, &actual, "Version mismatched at {:?}, cnt={}", f, c);
@@ -1974,61 +1976,56 @@ mod failed_tests {
         test_multi_sites(
             5,
             &mut [
-                Tree {
-                    site: 136,
-                    container_idx: 136,
-                    target: (136, 136),
-                    parent: (136, 136),
-                    is_new: false,
+                Text {
+                    site: 251,
+                    container_idx: 1,
+                    pos: 0,
+                    value: 24576,
                     is_del: false,
                 },
+                SyncAll,
                 Tree {
-                    site: 136,
-                    container_idx: 136,
-                    target: (136, 139),
-                    parent: (136, 136),
-                    is_new: false,
-                    is_del: false,
+                    site: 141,
+                    container_idx: 141,
+                    target: (141, 141),
+                    parent: (141, 141),
+                    is_new: true,
+                    is_del: true,
                 },
-                Tree {
-                    site: 136,
-                    container_idx: 136,
-                    target: (136, 136),
-                    parent: (0, 0),
-                    is_new: false,
-                    is_del: false,
+                Map {
+                    site: 96,
+                    container_idx: 124,
+                    key: 4,
+                    value: FuzzValue::Container(C::Tree),
                 },
-                Tree {
-                    site: 0,
-                    container_idx: 136,
-                    target: (136, 136),
-                    parent: (120, 104),
-                    is_new: false,
+                Text {
+                    site: 124,
+                    container_idx: 141,
+                    pos: 141,
+                    value: 36237,
                     is_del: true,
                 },
                 Tree {
-                    site: 104,
-                    container_idx: 104,
-                    target: (1, 136),
-                    parent: (136, 136),
-                    is_new: false,
-                    is_del: false,
+                    site: 143,
+                    container_idx: 143,
+                    target: (143, 143),
+                    parent: (143, 143),
+                    is_new: true,
+                    is_del: true,
                 },
                 Tree {
-                    site: 136,
-                    container_idx: 136,
-                    target: (136, 136),
-                    parent: (136, 136),
+                    site: 141,
+                    container_idx: 141,
+                    target: (141, 141),
+                    parent: (141, 141),
                     is_new: false,
                     is_del: false,
                 },
-                Tree {
-                    site: 136,
-                    container_idx: 136,
-                    target: (136, 136),
-                    parent: (96, 136),
-                    is_new: false,
-                    is_del: false,
+                Map {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 241,
+                    key: 241,
+                    value: FuzzValue::Container(C::Tree),
                 },
             ],
         )
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
index b50726f85..1f0e6e439 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
@@ -712,6 +712,7 @@ impl TreeHandler {
     }
 
     pub fn delete(&self, txn: &mut Transaction, target: TreeID) -> LoroResult<()> {
+        let old_parent = self.parent(target).flatten();
         txn.apply_local_op(
             self.container_idx,
             crate::op::RawOpContent::Tree(TreeOp {
@@ -739,6 +740,7 @@ impl TreeHandler {
     }
 
     pub fn as_root(&self, txn: &mut Transaction, target: TreeID) -> LoroResult<()> {
+        let old_parent = self.parent(target).flatten();
         txn.apply_local_op(
             self.container_idx,
             crate::op::RawOpContent::Tree(TreeOp {
@@ -751,6 +753,7 @@ impl TreeHandler {
     }
 
     pub fn mov(&self, txn: &mut Transaction, target: TreeID, parent: TreeID) -> LoroResult<()> {
+        let old_parent = self.parent(target).flatten();
         txn.apply_local_op(
             self.container_idx,
             crate::op::RawOpContent::Tree(TreeOp {
@@ -762,6 +765,18 @@ impl TreeHandler {
         )
     }
 
+    pub fn parent(&self, target: TreeID) -> Option<Option<TreeID>> {
+        self.state
+            .upgrade()
+            .unwrap()
+            .lock()
+            .unwrap()
+            .with_state(self.container_idx, |state| {
+                let a = state.as_tree_state().unwrap();
+                a.parent(target)
+            })
+    }
+
     pub fn id(&self) -> ContainerID {
         self.state
             .upgrade()
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
index ebfc65e93..eb93c6749 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ use rle::{HasLength, RleVec};
 
 use crate::change::{Change, Lamport, Timestamp};
 use crate::container::list::list_op;
-use crate::container::tree::tree_op::TreeOp;
 use crate::dag::DagUtils;
 use crate::encoding::{decode_oplog, encode_oplog, EncodeMode};
 use crate::encoding::{ClientChanges, RemoteClientChanges};
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
index dcaf5de90..fc5376f04 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
@@ -312,6 +312,7 @@ pub fn decode_state<'b>(
                             TreeID { peer, counter }
                         })
                     };
+                    // TODO: set state
                     tree.mov(target, parent).unwrap();
                 }
                 container_states.insert(idx, State::TreeState(tree));
@@ -768,7 +769,6 @@ fn encode_oplog(oplog: &OpLog, state_ref: Option<PreEncodedState>) -> FinalPhase
         for op in change.ops.iter() {
             match &op.content {
                 InnerContent::Tree(TreeOp { target, parent }) => {
-                    // TODO: tree
                     let target = (
                         *peer_lookup.get(&target.peer).unwrap() as u32,
                         target.counter,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
index 420927556..30196d8c5 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
@@ -137,6 +137,10 @@ impl TreeState {
         self.trees.contains_key(&target)
     }
 
+    pub fn parent(&self, target: TreeID) -> Option<Option<TreeID>> {
+        self.trees.get(&target).copied()
+    }
+
     pub fn nodes(&self) -> Vec<TreeID> {
         self.trees
             .keys()
@@ -162,9 +166,10 @@ impl ContainerState for TreeState {
             for (target, parent) in &tree.diff {
                 match parent {
                     TreeDiff::Delete => {
+                        // TODO: ???
                         self.trees.remove(target);
                     }
-                    TreeDiff::Move((_, p)) => self.mov(*target, *p)?,
+                    TreeDiff::Move(p) => self.mov(*target, *p)?,
                 };
             }
         }
@@ -174,7 +179,7 @@ impl ContainerState for TreeState {
     fn apply_op(&mut self, op: RawOp, _arena: &SharedArena) -> LoroResult<()> {
         match op.content {
             crate::op::RawOpContent::Tree(tree) => {
-                let TreeOp { target, parent } = tree;
+                let TreeOp { target, parent, .. } = tree;
                 self.mov(target, parent)
             }
             _ => unreachable!(),
@@ -307,7 +312,7 @@ impl Forest {
             for (id, parent) in item.as_tree().unwrap().diff.iter() {
                 match parent {
                     TreeDiff::Delete => state.remove(id),
-                    TreeDiff::Move((_, p)) => state.insert(*id, *p),
+                    TreeDiff::Move(p) => state.insert(*id, *p),
                 };
             }
         }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
index 218b90a44..1f086d909 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
@@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ fn change_to_diff(
                         Diff::NewMap(crate::delta::MapDelta { updated })
                     }
                     crate::op::InnerContent::Tree(tree) => {
-                        let tree_diff = TreeDiff::Move((lamport, tree.parent));
+                        let tree_diff = TreeDiff::Move(tree.parent);
                         Diff::Tree(TreeDelta {
                             diff: vec![(tree.target, tree_diff)],
                         })
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
index 8bf468a08..1541e36c4 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ pub mod wasm {
                     )
                     .unwrap();
                 }
-                TreeDiff::Move((_, parent)) => {
+                TreeDiff::Move(parent) => {
                     let ty = if parent.is_none() { "create" } else { "move" };
                     js_sys::Reflect::set(&obj, &JsValue::from_str("type"), &JsValue::from_str(ty))
                         .unwrap();

From b1236590546ff9dca29a2b09386cdd80b6f651f5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 16:10:35 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 049/111] fix: diff cycle move

---
 crates/loro-internal/src/dag/iter.rs          |   4 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/delta.rs             |   2 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs        |  33 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs         |  39 ++-
 crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs             |   3 +-
 .../src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs          | 286 +++++++++---------
 crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs           |   3 -
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs  |  24 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs               |  11 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs             |  50 +--
 10 files changed, 212 insertions(+), 243 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/dag/iter.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/dag/iter.rs
index dda56c14c..c179d7e3a 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/dag/iter.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/dag/iter.rs
@@ -211,7 +211,6 @@ impl<'a, T: DagNode, D: Dag<Node = T>> DagCausalIter<'a, D> {
                 q.push(id);
             }
         }
-
         // traverse all nodes, calculate the out_degrees
         // if out_degree is 0, then it can be iterate directly
         while let Some(id) = q.pop() {
@@ -240,8 +239,7 @@ impl<'a, T: DagNode, D: Dag<Node = T>> DagCausalIter<'a, D> {
                 q.push(ID::new(client, last_counter + 1))
             }
         }
-
-        out_degrees.retain(|k, v| {
+        out_degrees.retain(|k: &ID, v| {
             if v.is_zero() {
                 stack.push(*k);
                 return false;
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/delta.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta.rs
index 78c2da52a..bec34897b 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/delta.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta.rs
@@ -5,4 +5,4 @@ pub use map::{MapDiff, ValuePair};
 mod map_delta;
 pub use map_delta::{MapDelta, MapValue};
 mod tree;
-pub use tree::{TreeDelta, TreeDiff};
+pub use tree::TreeDelta;
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs
index 754fde9c7..a6f238e45 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs
@@ -1,19 +1,16 @@
-use fxhash::FxHashMap;
-use itertools::Itertools;
 use loro_common::TreeID;
 use serde::Serialize;
 
-use crate::change::Lamport;
-
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
 pub struct TreeDelta {
-    pub(crate) diff: Vec<(TreeID, TreeDiff)>,
+    pub(crate) diff: Vec<(TreeID, Option<TreeID>)>,
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Serialize)]
+// TODO: tree
 pub enum TreeDiff {
-    Delete,
+    Create,
     Move(Option<TreeID>),
+    Delete,
 }
 
 impl TreeDelta {
@@ -41,25 +38,3 @@ impl TreeDelta {
         // TreeDelta { diff }
     }
 }
-
-// #[cfg(test)]
-// mod tests {
-//     use super::*;
-//     #[test]
-//     fn tree_diff_ord() {
-//         let mut v = vec![
-//             TreeDiff::Delete,
-//             TreeDiff::Move((0, None)),
-//             TreeDiff::Move((1, None)),
-//         ];
-//         v.sort();
-//         assert_eq!(
-//             v,
-//             vec![
-//                 TreeDiff::Delete,
-//                 TreeDiff::Move((0, None)),
-//                 TreeDiff::Move((1, None))
-//             ]
-//         )
-//     }
-// }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
index ff64bf78d..bba1f378d 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use crate::{
     change::Lamport,
     container::{idx::ContainerIdx, tree::tree_op::TreeOp},
     dag::DagUtils,
-    delta::{MapDelta, MapValue, TreeDelta, TreeDiff},
+    delta::{MapDelta, MapValue, TreeDelta},
     event::Diff,
     id::Counter,
     op::RichOp,
@@ -506,8 +506,11 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for TreeDiffCalculator {
         // from.insert(1, 3);
         // to.insert(1, 1);
         // self.current_vv.insert(1, 3);
+        let debug = false;
 
-        // println!("from {:?} to {:?}", from, to);
+        if debug {
+            println!("from {:?} to {:?}", from, to);
+        }
         let mut merged_vv = from.clone();
         merged_vv.merge(to);
         let from_frontiers_inner;
@@ -522,7 +525,9 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for TreeDiffCalculator {
         };
         let common_ancestors = oplog.dag.find_common_ancestor(from_frontiers, to_frontiers);
         let lca_vv = oplog.dag.frontiers_to_vv(&common_ancestors).unwrap();
-        // println!("lca vv {:?}", lca_vv);
+        if debug {
+            println!("lca vv {:?}", lca_vv);
+        }
         let mut latest_vv = lca_vv.clone();
         let mut need_revert_ops = Vec::new();
         let mut apply_ops = Vec::new();
@@ -543,7 +548,7 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for TreeDiffCalculator {
 
         let mut diff = Vec::new();
         let mut cache = FxHashMap::default();
-        for (change, _vv) in oplog.iter_causally(VersionVector::default(), latest_vv) {
+        for (change, _vv) in oplog.iter_causally(VersionVector::default(), oplog.vv().clone()) {
             for op in change.ops().iter() {
                 match op.content {
                     crate::op::InnerContent::Tree(tree) => {
@@ -557,7 +562,9 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for TreeDiffCalculator {
             }
         }
 
-        // println!("cache {:?}", cache);
+        if debug {
+            println!("cache {:?}", cache);
+        }
         while let Some(node) = need_revert_ops.pop() {
             let target = node.target;
             // TODO: old parent
@@ -571,18 +578,24 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for TreeDiffCalculator {
                     }
                 }
             }
-            // println!(
-            //     "{:?} old parent {:?}   lamport {}",
-            //     target, old_parent, node.lamport
-            // );
-            diff.push((target, TreeDiff::Move(old_parent)))
+            if debug {
+                println!(
+                    "{:?} old parent {:?}   lamport {}",
+                    target, old_parent, node.lamport
+                );
+            }
+            diff.push((target, old_parent));
+        }
+        if debug {
+            println!("\nrevert op {:?}", diff);
         }
-        // println!("\nrevert op {:?}", diff);
 
         for node in apply_ops {
-            diff.push((node.target, TreeDiff::Move(node.parent)))
+            diff.push((node.target, node.parent));
+        }
+        if debug {
+            println!("\ndiff {:?}", diff);
         }
-        // println!("\ndiff {:?}", diff);
 
         Diff::Tree(TreeDelta { diff })
     }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs
index e331341be..8681e6a77 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs
@@ -147,7 +147,8 @@ impl Diff {
             (Diff::Text(a), Diff::Text(b)) => Ok(Diff::Text(a.compose(b))),
             (Diff::Map(a), Diff::Map(b)) => Ok(Diff::Map(a.compose(b))),
             (Diff::NewMap(a), Diff::NewMap(b)) => Ok(Diff::NewMap(a.compose(b))),
-            (Diff::Tree(a), Diff::Tree(b)) => Ok(Diff::Tree(a.compose(b))),
+            // TODO: tree
+            (Diff::Tree(a), Diff::Tree(b)) => unreachable!(),
             (a, _) => Err(a),
         }
     }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
index 8e657a7da..8bfaa18e4 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use arbitrary::Arbitrary;
 use debug_log::debug_dbg;
 use enum_as_inner::EnumAsInner;
 use fxhash::FxHashMap;
-use loro_common::{TreeID, ID};
+use loro_common::{LoroError, TreeID, ID};
 use tabled::{TableIteratorExt, Tabled};
 
 #[allow(unused_imports)]
@@ -17,9 +17,8 @@ use crate::{
     ContainerType, LoroValue,
 };
 use crate::{
-    container::idx::ContainerIdx, delta::TreeDiff, handler::TreeHandler, loro::LoroDoc,
-    state::Forest, value::ToJson, version::Frontiers, ApplyDiff, ListHandler, MapHandler,
-    TextHandler,
+    container::idx::ContainerIdx, handler::TreeHandler, loro::LoroDoc, state::Forest,
+    value::ToJson, version::Frontiers, ApplyDiff, ListHandler, MapHandler, TextHandler,
 };
 
 #[derive(Arbitrary, EnumAsInner, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
@@ -46,10 +45,9 @@ pub enum Action {
     Tree {
         site: u8,
         container_idx: u8,
-        target: (u8, u8),
-        parent: (u8, u8),
-        is_new: bool,
-        is_del: bool,
+        action: TreeAction,
+        target: (u64, i32),
+        parent: (u64, i32),
     },
     Sync {
         from: u8,
@@ -58,6 +56,23 @@ pub enum Action {
     SyncAll,
 }
 
+#[derive(Arbitrary, EnumAsInner, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum TreeAction {
+    Create,
+    Move,
+    Delete,
+}
+
+impl Debug for TreeAction {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            TreeAction::Create => f.write_str("TreeAction::Create"),
+            TreeAction::Move => f.write_str("TreeAction::Move"),
+            TreeAction::Delete => f.write_str("TreeAction::Delete"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 struct Actor {
     peer: PeerID,
     loro: LoroDoc,
@@ -143,14 +158,7 @@ impl Actor {
                 let mut tree = tree.lock().unwrap();
                 if let Diff::Tree(tree_delta) = &event.container.diff {
                     for (key, value) in tree_delta.diff.iter() {
-                        match value {
-                            TreeDiff::Delete => {
-                                tree.remove(key);
-                            }
-                            TreeDiff::Move(p) => {
-                                tree.insert(*key, *p);
-                            }
-                        }
+                        tree.insert(*key, *value);
                     }
                 } else {
                     debug_dbg!(&event.container);
@@ -310,24 +318,23 @@ impl Tabled for Action {
             Action::Tree {
                 site,
                 container_idx,
+                action,
                 target,
                 parent,
-                is_new,
-                is_del,
-            } => vec![
-                "tree".into(),
-                format!("{}", site).into(),
-                format!("{}", container_idx).into(),
-                format!("{:?}", target).into(),
-                (if *is_new {
-                    "Create".to_string()
-                } else if *is_del {
-                    "Delete".to_string()
-                } else {
-                    format!("MoveTo {parent:?}")
-                })
-                .into(),
-            ],
+            } => {
+                let action_str = match action {
+                    TreeAction::Create => "Create".to_string(),
+                    TreeAction::Move => format!("Move to {parent:?}"),
+                    TreeAction::Delete => "Delete".to_string(),
+                };
+                vec![
+                    "tree".into(),
+                    format!("{}", site).into(),
+                    format!("{}", container_idx).into(),
+                    action_str.into(),
+                    format!("{:?}", target).into(),
+                ]
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -383,11 +390,8 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<Actor> {
                 container_idx,
                 target: (target_peer, target_counter),
                 parent: (parent_peer, parent_counter),
-                is_new,
-                is_del,
+                action,
             } => {
-                let parent = *site;
-                // TODO: better data
                 *site %= max_users;
                 *container_idx %= self[*site as usize].tree_containers.len().max(1) as u8;
                 if let Some(tree) = self[*site as usize]
@@ -404,66 +408,43 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<Actor> {
                             max_counter_mapping.insert(peer, counter);
                         }
                     }
-                    // let this_tree_num = max_counter_mapping.get(&(*site as u64)).unwrap_or(&-1) + 1;
-                    if tree_num > 255 {
-                        *is_new = false;
-                    } else if !max_counter_mapping.contains_key(&(*target_peer as u64)) {
-                        *is_new = true;
+                    if tree_num == 0 || tree_num < 2 && matches!(action, TreeAction::Move) {
+                        *action = TreeAction::Create;
+                    } else if tree_num >= 255 && matches!(action, TreeAction::Create) {
+                        *action = TreeAction::Move;
                     }
 
-                    let tree_num = tree_num as u8;
-
-                    if tree.contains(TreeID {
-                        peer: *target_peer as u64,
-                        counter: *target_counter as i32,
-                    }) {
-                        // target exists
-                        *is_new = false;
-                        if tree_num == 1 && !*is_del {
-                            *is_del = true;
+                    match action {
+                        TreeAction::Create => {
+                            let actor = &mut self[*site as usize];
+                            let txn = actor.loro.txn().unwrap();
+                            let id = txn.next_id();
+                            *target_peer = id.peer;
+                            *target_counter = id.counter;
                         }
-                    } else {
-                        // target not exists
-                        if *is_new {
-                            *target_counter = (max_counter_mapping
-                                .get(&(*target_peer as u64))
-                                .copied()
-                                .unwrap_or(-1)
-                                + 1) as u8;
+                        TreeAction::Move => {
+                            let target_idx = *target_peer as usize % tree_num;
+                            let mut parent_idx = *parent_peer as usize % tree_num;
+                            while target_idx == parent_idx {
+                                parent_idx = (parent_idx + 1) % tree_num;
+                            }
+                            *target_peer = nodes[target_idx].peer;
+                            *target_counter = nodes[target_idx].counter;
+                            *parent_peer = nodes[parent_idx].peer;
+                            *parent_counter = nodes[parent_idx].counter;
                         }
-                    }
-                    let target = TreeID {
-                        peer: *target_peer as u64,
-                        counter: *target_counter as i32,
-                    };
-
-                    // fix move
-                    if !*is_new && !*is_del {
-                        let mut p_idx = (parent % tree_num) as usize;
-                        let mut p = nodes[p_idx];
-                        let mut i = 0;
-                        while p == target {
-                            p_idx = (parent as usize + i) % tree_num as usize;
-                            p = nodes[p_idx];
-                            i += 1;
+                        TreeAction::Delete => {
+                            let target_idx = *target_peer as usize % tree_num;
+                            *target_peer = nodes[target_idx].peer;
+                            *target_counter = nodes[target_idx].counter;
                         }
-                        *parent_peer = p.peer as u8;
-                        *parent_counter = p.counter as u8;
-                    }
-                    // avoid moving self
-                    if !*is_del
-                        && (target.peer as u8, target.counter as u8)
-                            == (*parent_peer, *parent_counter)
-                    {
-                        *is_del = true;
                     }
                 } else {
-                    *target_peer = *site;
+                    *target_peer = *site as u64;
                     *target_counter = 0;
                     *parent_peer = 0;
                     *parent_counter = 0;
-                    *is_del = false;
-                    *is_new = true;
+                    *action = TreeAction::Create;
                 }
             }
             Action::Map {
@@ -795,10 +776,9 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<Actor> {
             Action::Tree {
                 site,
                 container_idx,
+                action,
                 target: (target_peer, target_counter),
                 parent: (parent_peer, parent_counter),
-                is_new,
-                is_del,
             } => {
                 let actor = &mut self[*site as usize];
                 let container = actor.tree_containers.get_mut(*container_idx as usize);
@@ -810,26 +790,45 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<Actor> {
                     &mut actor.tree_containers[0]
                 };
                 let mut txn = actor.loro.txn().unwrap();
-                let target = TreeID {
-                    peer: *target_peer as u64,
-                    counter: *target_counter as i32,
-                };
-                if *is_new {
-                    container.create_with_id(&mut txn, target).unwrap();
-                } else if *is_del {
-                    container.delete(&mut txn, target).unwrap();
-                } else {
-                    container
-                        .mov(
+
+                match action {
+                    TreeAction::Create => {
+                        container.create(&mut txn).unwrap();
+                    }
+                    TreeAction::Move => {
+                        match container.mov(
                             &mut txn,
-                            target,
                             TreeID {
-                                peer: *parent_peer as u64,
-                                counter: *parent_counter as i32,
+                                peer: *target_peer,
+                                counter: *target_counter,
                             },
-                        )
-                        .unwrap();
+                            TreeID {
+                                peer: *parent_peer,
+                                counter: *parent_counter,
+                            },
+                        ) {
+                            Ok(_) => {}
+                            Err(err) => {
+                                // TODO: cycle move
+                                if !matches!(err, LoroError::CyclicMoveError) {
+                                    panic!("{}", err)
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    TreeAction::Delete => {
+                        container
+                            .delete(
+                                &mut txn,
+                                TreeID {
+                                    peer: *target_peer,
+                                    counter: *target_counter,
+                                },
+                            )
+                            .unwrap();
+                    }
                 }
+
                 drop(txn);
                 if actor.peer == 1 {
                     actor.record_history();
@@ -1970,62 +1969,55 @@ mod failed_tests {
             ],
         )
     }
-
+    use super::TreeAction;
     #[test]
     fn tree() {
         test_multi_sites(
             5,
             &mut [
-                Text {
-                    site: 251,
-                    container_idx: 1,
-                    pos: 0,
-                    value: 24576,
-                    is_del: false,
-                },
-                SyncAll,
                 Tree {
-                    site: 141,
-                    container_idx: 141,
-                    target: (141, 141),
-                    parent: (141, 141),
-                    is_new: true,
-                    is_del: true,
+                    site: 127,
+                    container_idx: 96,
+                    action: TreeAction::Create,
+                    target: (10561664609096343656, -1835887982),
+                    parent: (11558548064546493074, -1845428736),
                 },
-                Map {
-                    site: 96,
-                    container_idx: 124,
-                    key: 4,
-                    value: FuzzValue::Container(C::Tree),
+                Tree {
+                    site: 146,
+                    container_idx: 146,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (8376697034077409938, 1593442176),
+                    parent: (10561665234359194258, 301989887),
                 },
-                Text {
-                    site: 124,
-                    container_idx: 141,
-                    pos: 141,
-                    value: 36237,
-                    is_del: true,
+                Tree {
+                    site: 138,
+                    container_idx: 138,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (9256093509146179978, -2070769135),
+                    parent: (9982943851654580874, 24409337),
                 },
+                SyncAll,
                 Tree {
-                    site: 143,
-                    container_idx: 143,
-                    target: (143, 143),
-                    parent: (143, 143),
-                    is_new: true,
-                    is_del: true,
+                    site: 149,
+                    container_idx: 107,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (12659530244705763585, -1347440721),
+                    parent: (9982943851556351919, 1250593418),
                 },
                 Tree {
-                    site: 141,
-                    container_idx: 141,
-                    target: (141, 141),
-                    parent: (141, 141),
-                    is_new: false,
-                    is_del: false,
+                    site: 255,
+                    container_idx: 249,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (18297602016176747, -762146245),
+                    parent: (12652179886389236370, -1347440721),
                 },
-                Map {
-                    site: 1,
-                    container_idx: 241,
-                    key: 241,
-                    value: FuzzValue::Container(C::Tree),
+                Sync { from: 175, to: 175 },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 138,
+                    container_idx: 138,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (9256093509146179978, -1778386433),
+                    parent: (113280941038474645, -885325759),
                 },
             ],
         )
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
index 1f0e6e439..87ee45908 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
@@ -712,7 +712,6 @@ impl TreeHandler {
     }
 
     pub fn delete(&self, txn: &mut Transaction, target: TreeID) -> LoroResult<()> {
-        let old_parent = self.parent(target).flatten();
         txn.apply_local_op(
             self.container_idx,
             crate::op::RawOpContent::Tree(TreeOp {
@@ -740,7 +739,6 @@ impl TreeHandler {
     }
 
     pub fn as_root(&self, txn: &mut Transaction, target: TreeID) -> LoroResult<()> {
-        let old_parent = self.parent(target).flatten();
         txn.apply_local_op(
             self.container_idx,
             crate::op::RawOpContent::Tree(TreeOp {
@@ -753,7 +751,6 @@ impl TreeHandler {
     }
 
     pub fn mov(&self, txn: &mut Transaction, target: TreeID, parent: TreeID) -> LoroResult<()> {
-        let old_parent = self.parent(target).flatten();
         txn.apply_local_op(
             self.container_idx,
             crate::op::RawOpContent::Tree(TreeOp {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
index 30196d8c5..6b85341d8 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use std::{
     ops::{Deref, DerefMut},
 };
 
-use fxhash::FxHashMap;
+use fxhash::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use loro_common::{LoroError, LoroResult, LoroValue, TreeID, DELETED_TREE_ROOT};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use crate::{
     arena::SharedArena,
     container::{idx::ContainerIdx, tree::tree_op::TreeOp},
-    delta::TreeDiff,
     event::Diff,
     op::RawOp,
 };
@@ -163,14 +162,14 @@ impl TreeState {
 impl ContainerState for TreeState {
     fn apply_diff(&mut self, diff: &mut Diff, _arena: &SharedArena) -> LoroResult<()> {
         if let Diff::Tree(tree) = diff {
-            for (target, parent) in &tree.diff {
-                match parent {
-                    TreeDiff::Delete => {
-                        // TODO: ???
-                        self.trees.remove(target);
-                    }
-                    TreeDiff::Move(p) => self.mov(*target, *p)?,
-                };
+            let mut removed_diff = FxHashSet::default();
+            for (idx, (target, parent)) in tree.diff.iter().enumerate() {
+                if let Err(LoroError::CyclicMoveError) = self.mov(*target, *parent) {
+                    removed_diff.insert(idx);
+                }
+            }
+            for idx in removed_diff {
+                tree.diff.remove(idx);
             }
         }
         Ok(())
@@ -310,10 +309,7 @@ impl Forest {
         let mut state = self.to_state();
         for item in diff {
             for (id, parent) in item.as_tree().unwrap().diff.iter() {
-                match parent {
-                    TreeDiff::Delete => state.remove(id),
-                    TreeDiff::Move(p) => state.insert(*id, *p),
-                };
+                state.insert(*id, *parent);
             }
         }
         Self::from_tree_state(&state)
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
index 1f086d909..6b2593e03 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use crate::{
         idx::ContainerIdx, list::list_op::InnerListOp, text::text_content::SliceRanges,
         IntoContainerId,
     },
-    delta::{Delta, MapValue, TreeDelta, TreeDiff},
+    delta::{Delta, MapValue, TreeDelta},
     event::Diff,
     handler::TreeHandler,
     id::{Counter, PeerID, ID},
@@ -362,12 +362,9 @@ fn change_to_diff(
                         );
                         Diff::NewMap(crate::delta::MapDelta { updated })
                     }
-                    crate::op::InnerContent::Tree(tree) => {
-                        let tree_diff = TreeDiff::Move(tree.parent);
-                        Diff::Tree(TreeDelta {
-                            diff: vec![(tree.target, tree_diff)],
-                        })
-                    }
+                    crate::op::InnerContent::Tree(tree) => Diff::Tree(TreeDelta {
+                        diff: vec![(tree.target, tree.parent)],
+                    }),
                 },
             }
         };
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
index 1541e36c4..91117c819 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ pub mod wasm {
     use wasm_bindgen::{JsValue, __rt::IntoJsResult};
 
     use crate::{
-        delta::{Delta, DeltaItem, MapDelta, MapDiff, TreeDelta, TreeDiff},
+        delta::{Delta, DeltaItem, MapDelta, MapDiff, TreeDelta},
         event::{Diff, Index},
         LoroValue,
     };
@@ -382,30 +382,30 @@ pub mod wasm {
         }
     }
 
-    impl From<TreeDiff> for JsValue {
-        fn from(value: TreeDiff) -> Self {
-            let obj = Object::new();
-            match value {
-                TreeDiff::Delete => {
-                    js_sys::Reflect::set(
-                        &obj,
-                        &JsValue::from_str("type"),
-                        &JsValue::from_str("delete"),
-                    )
-                    .unwrap();
-                }
-                TreeDiff::Move(parent) => {
-                    let ty = if parent.is_none() { "create" } else { "move" };
-                    js_sys::Reflect::set(&obj, &JsValue::from_str("type"), &JsValue::from_str(ty))
-                        .unwrap();
-                    if let Some(p) = parent {
-                        js_sys::Reflect::set(&obj, &JsValue::from_str("to"), &p.into()).unwrap();
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            obj.into_js_result().unwrap()
-        }
-    }
+    // impl From<TreeDiff> for JsValue {
+    //     fn from(value: TreeDiff) -> Self {
+    //         let obj = Object::new();
+    //         match value {
+    //             TreeDiff::Delete => {
+    //                 js_sys::Reflect::set(
+    //                     &obj,
+    //                     &JsValue::from_str("type"),
+    //                     &JsValue::from_str("delete"),
+    //                 )
+    //                 .unwrap();
+    //             }
+    //             TreeDiff::Move(parent) => {
+    //                 let ty = if parent.is_none() { "create" } else { "move" };
+    //                 js_sys::Reflect::set(&obj, &JsValue::from_str("type"), &JsValue::from_str(ty))
+    //                     .unwrap();
+    //                 if let Some(p) = parent {
+    //                     js_sys::Reflect::set(&obj, &JsValue::from_str("to"), &p.into()).unwrap();
+    //                 }
+    //             }
+    //         }
+    //         obj.into_js_result().unwrap()
+    //     }
+    // }
 
     impl From<TreeDelta> for JsValue {
         fn from(value: TreeDelta) -> Self {

From 45c1aed8bbab39e830662a8bc3ad616b937cac86 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 16:10:35 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 050/111] fix: tree old parent cache

---
 crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs         |  21 +++-
 .../src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs          | 113 +++++++++++++++++-
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs  |  27 ++++-
 crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs             |   8 +-
 4 files changed, 154 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
index bba1f378d..27ba880e6 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
@@ -547,15 +547,16 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for TreeDiffCalculator {
         }
 
         let mut diff = Vec::new();
+        // if (lamport, peer) > key, old_parent will be value
         let mut cache = FxHashMap::default();
-        for (change, _vv) in oplog.iter_causally(VersionVector::default(), oplog.vv().clone()) {
+        for (change, _vv) in oplog.iter_causally(VersionVector::default(), merged_vv.clone()) {
             for op in change.ops().iter() {
                 match op.content {
                     crate::op::InnerContent::Tree(tree) => {
                         cache
                             .entry(tree.target)
                             .or_insert_with(BTreeMap::default)
-                            .insert(change.lamport, tree.parent);
+                            .insert((change.lamport, change.id), tree.parent);
                     }
                     _ => continue,
                 }
@@ -570,10 +571,18 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for TreeDiffCalculator {
             // TODO: old parent
             let mut old_parent = DELETED_TREE_ROOT;
             if let Some(cache) = cache.get(&target) {
-                for (lamport, parent) in cache {
-                    if *lamport < node.lamport {
-                        old_parent = *parent
-                    } else {
+                for (id, parent) in cache.iter().rev() {
+                    if from.includes_id(id.1)
+                        && *id
+                            < (
+                                node.lamport,
+                                ID {
+                                    peer: node.peer,
+                                    counter: node.counter,
+                                },
+                            )
+                    {
+                        old_parent = *parent;
                         break;
                     }
                 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
index 8bfaa18e4..725030182 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
@@ -1971,7 +1971,7 @@ mod failed_tests {
     }
     use super::TreeAction;
     #[test]
-    fn tree() {
+    fn tree_cycle_move() {
         test_multi_sites(
             5,
             &mut [
@@ -2023,6 +2023,117 @@ mod failed_tests {
         )
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn tree_revert_multi_cache() {
+        test_multi_sites(
+            5,
+            &mut [
+                Tree {
+                    site: 128,
+                    container_idx: 128,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (9259542123273814144, -2139062144),
+                    parent: (3242706529344356224, 1750794495),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 146,
+                    container_idx: 146,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (9259542019790350911, -2139062144),
+                    parent: (9259542123273814063, -2139062144),
+                },
+                SyncAll,
+                Tree {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 146,
+                    action: TreeAction::Create,
+                    target: (10561665234359194258, -1835887982),
+                    parent: (10561665234359194258, -1835887982),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 255,
+                    container_idx: 63,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (10551089508041331346, -1835899502),
+                    parent: (10561665234359194258, -1835887982),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 146,
+                    container_idx: 146,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (10561574443045524114, 892482194),
+                    parent: (10561665234359194258, -1835887982),
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 128,
+                    container_idx: 128,
+                    pos: 128,
+                    value: 32896,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 128,
+                    container_idx: 128,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (9259542123273814144, -2139062144),
+                    parent: (9259542123273814144, -2139062144),
+                },
+            ],
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn tree_old_parent_cache() {
+        test_multi_sites(
+            5,
+            &mut [
+                Tree {
+                    site: 146,
+                    container_idx: 146,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (10561665234359194258, -1835887982),
+                    parent: (10561665234359718546, -1835887982),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 153,
+                    container_idx: 146,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (10561665234359194258, 37522),
+                    parent: (10561665234359194112, 1616941714),
+                },
+                SyncAll,
+                Text {
+                    site: 96,
+                    container_idx: 146,
+                    pos: 146,
+                    value: 37522,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 146,
+                    container_idx: 146,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (10561664992897817178, -1835887982),
+                    parent: (6496727131078431378, 1247425114),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 192,
+                    action: TreeAction::Delete,
+                    target: (211934100111552, 1512123904),
+                    parent: (41939773041695322, -1835888128),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 146,
+                    container_idx: 146,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (10561665234359194258, -1835887982),
+                    parent: (18374686479681229458, -1839111937),
+                },
+            ],
+        )
+    }
+
     use super::ContainerType as C;
     #[test]
     fn to_minify() {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
index 6b85341d8..7b8ceec02 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
@@ -140,10 +140,27 @@ impl TreeState {
         self.trees.get(&target).copied()
     }
 
+    // TODO: cache deleted
+    fn is_deleted(&self, mut target: TreeID) -> bool {
+        if TreeID::is_deleted(Some(target)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        let mut deleted = FxHashSet::default();
+        deleted.insert(DELETED_TREE_ROOT.unwrap());
+        while let Some(parent) = self.trees.get(&target) {
+            let Some(parent) = parent else{return false;};
+            if deleted.contains(parent) {
+                return true;
+            }
+            target = *parent;
+        }
+        false
+    }
+
     pub fn nodes(&self) -> Vec<TreeID> {
         self.trees
             .keys()
-            .filter(|&k| *k != DELETED_TREE_ROOT.unwrap())
+            .filter(|&k| !self.is_deleted(*k))
             .copied()
             .collect::<Vec<_>>()
     }
@@ -152,7 +169,7 @@ impl TreeState {
     pub fn max_counter(&self) -> i32 {
         self.trees
             .keys()
-            .filter(|&k| *k != DELETED_TREE_ROOT.unwrap())
+            .filter(|&k| !self.is_deleted(*k))
             .map(|k| k.counter)
             .max()
             .unwrap_or(0)
@@ -162,13 +179,13 @@ impl TreeState {
 impl ContainerState for TreeState {
     fn apply_diff(&mut self, diff: &mut Diff, _arena: &SharedArena) -> LoroResult<()> {
         if let Diff::Tree(tree) = diff {
-            let mut removed_diff = FxHashSet::default();
+            let mut removed_diff = Vec::new();
             for (idx, (target, parent)) in tree.diff.iter().enumerate() {
                 if let Err(LoroError::CyclicMoveError) = self.mov(*target, *parent) {
-                    removed_diff.insert(idx);
+                    removed_diff.push(idx);
                 }
             }
-            for idx in removed_diff {
+            while let Some(idx) = removed_diff.pop() {
                 tree.diff.remove(idx);
             }
         }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
index 91117c819..bf59d0fa1 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
@@ -81,9 +81,11 @@ impl ApplyDiff for LoroValue {
                         }
                     }
                     *value = Arc::new(s);
-                } else if value.is_empty() {
-                    *value = Arc::new(Forest::default().apply_diffs(diff).to_json())
-                } else {
+                }
+                // else if value.is_empty() {
+                //     *value = Arc::new(Forest::default().apply_diffs(diff).to_json())
+                // }
+                else {
                     let forest = Forest::from_json(value).unwrap();
                     let diff_forest = forest.apply_diffs(diff);
                     *value = Arc::new(diff_forest.to_json())

From 272b64494ea3ac9e9cd6a72f88322b1bba130c16 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 16:10:35 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 051/111] feat: cache

---
 crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs         | 152 ++++++++++++------
 .../src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs          | 117 ++++++++++++++
 crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs             |   7 +
 3 files changed, 230 insertions(+), 46 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
index 27ba880e6..3c0800923 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
@@ -95,7 +95,6 @@ impl DiffCalculator {
 
             let (lca, iter) =
                 oplog.iter_from_lca_causally(before, before_frontiers, after, after_frontiers);
-
             let mut started_set = FxHashSet::default();
             for (change, vv) in iter {
                 if change.id.counter > 0 && self.has_all {
@@ -149,7 +148,6 @@ impl DiffCalculator {
                     }
                 }
             }
-
             for (_, calculator) in self.calculators.iter_mut() {
                 calculator.stop_tracking(oplog, after);
             }
@@ -303,7 +301,7 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for MapDiffCalculator {
         for (key, value) in changed {
             let value = value
                 .map(|v| {
-                    let value = v.value.map(|v| oplog.arena.get_value(v as usize)).flatten();
+                    let value = v.value.and_then(|v| oplog.arena.get_value(v as usize));
                     MapValue {
                         counter: v.counter,
                         value,
@@ -477,19 +475,26 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for TreeDiffCalculator {
 
     fn apply_change(
         &mut self,
-        _oplog: &OpLog,
+        oplog: &OpLog,
         op: crate::op::RichOp,
         _vv: Option<&crate::VersionVector>,
     ) {
         let TreeOp { target, parent } = op.op().content.as_tree().unwrap();
-        let c_node = CompactTreeNode {
+        let node = CompactTreeNode {
             lamport: op.lamport(),
             peer: op.client_id(),
             counter: op.id_start().counter,
             target: *target,
             parent: *parent,
         };
-        self.nodes.insert(c_node);
+        let mut cache_lock = oplog.tree_parent_cache.lock().unwrap();
+        match cache_lock.add_cache(&node) {
+            Ok(_) => {}
+            Err(_) => {
+                println!("gg {:?}", node);
+            }
+        }
+        self.nodes.insert(node);
     }
 
     fn stop_tracking(&mut self, _oplog: &OpLog, _vv: &crate::VersionVector) {}
@@ -501,11 +506,7 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for TreeDiffCalculator {
         from: &crate::VersionVector,
         to: &crate::VersionVector,
     ) -> Diff {
-        // let mut from = VersionVector::default();
-        // let mut to = VersionVector::default();
-        // from.insert(1, 3);
-        // to.insert(1, 1);
-        // self.current_vv.insert(1, 3);
+        let tree_cache = oplog.tree_parent_cache.lock().unwrap();
         let debug = false;
 
         if debug {
@@ -547,46 +548,13 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for TreeDiffCalculator {
         }
 
         let mut diff = Vec::new();
-        // if (lamport, peer) > key, old_parent will be value
-        let mut cache = FxHashMap::default();
-        for (change, _vv) in oplog.iter_causally(VersionVector::default(), merged_vv.clone()) {
-            for op in change.ops().iter() {
-                match op.content {
-                    crate::op::InnerContent::Tree(tree) => {
-                        cache
-                            .entry(tree.target)
-                            .or_insert_with(BTreeMap::default)
-                            .insert((change.lamport, change.id), tree.parent);
-                    }
-                    _ => continue,
-                }
-            }
-        }
 
         if debug {
-            println!("cache {:?}", cache);
+            println!("cache {:?}", tree_cache);
         }
         while let Some(node) = need_revert_ops.pop() {
             let target = node.target;
-            // TODO: old parent
-            let mut old_parent = DELETED_TREE_ROOT;
-            if let Some(cache) = cache.get(&target) {
-                for (id, parent) in cache.iter().rev() {
-                    if from.includes_id(id.1)
-                        && *id
-                            < (
-                                node.lamport,
-                                ID {
-                                    peer: node.peer,
-                                    counter: node.counter,
-                                },
-                            )
-                    {
-                        old_parent = *parent;
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
+            let old_parent = tree_cache.get_old_parent(node, from);
             if debug {
                 println!(
                     "{:?} old parent {:?}   lamport {}",
@@ -609,3 +577,95 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for TreeDiffCalculator {
         Diff::Tree(TreeDelta { diff })
     }
 }
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+pub(crate) struct TreeParentCache {
+    cache: FxHashMap<TreeID, BTreeMap<(Lamport, PeerID, Counter), Option<TreeID>>>,
+    visited: FxHashSet<(Lamport, PeerID, Counter)>,
+}
+
+impl TreeParentCache {
+    fn add_cache(&mut self, node: &CompactTreeNode) -> Result<(), ()> {
+        if self
+            .visited
+            .contains(&(node.lamport, node.peer, node.counter))
+        {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+        self.visited.insert((node.lamport, node.peer, node.counter));
+        if let Some(parent) = node.parent {
+            let nodes = self.is_ancestor_of(node.target, parent);
+
+            if !nodes.is_empty() {
+                let (id, n) = nodes
+                    .into_iter()
+                    .map(|n| {
+                        let id = self
+                            .cache
+                            .get(&n)
+                            .and_then(|n| n.last_key_value())
+                            .map(|(k, _)| *k)
+                            .unwrap();
+                        (id, n)
+                    })
+                    .max()
+                    .unwrap();
+                if id > (node.lamport, node.peer, node.counter) {
+                    // replace
+                    self.cache.get_mut(&n).unwrap().pop_last();
+                } else {
+                    return Err(());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        self.cache
+            .entry(node.target)
+            .or_insert_with(BTreeMap::default)
+            .insert((node.lamport, node.peer, node.counter), node.parent);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn get_old_parent(&self, node: &CompactTreeNode, from: &VersionVector) -> Option<TreeID> {
+        let mut old_parent = DELETED_TREE_ROOT;
+        if let Some(cache) = self.cache.get(&node.target) {
+            for (id, parent) in cache.iter().rev() {
+                if from.includes_id(ID {
+                    peer: id.1,
+                    counter: id.2,
+                }) && *id < (node.lamport, node.peer, node.counter)
+                {
+                    old_parent = *parent;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        old_parent
+    }
+
+    fn is_ancestor_of(&self, maybe_ancestor: TreeID, mut node_id: TreeID) -> Vec<TreeID> {
+        if maybe_ancestor == node_id {
+            return vec![node_id];
+        }
+
+        let mut ans = vec![node_id];
+        loop {
+            let parent = self
+                .cache
+                .get(&node_id)
+                .and_then(|n| n.last_key_value())
+                .and_then(|(_, p)| *p);
+
+            match parent {
+                Some(parent_id) if parent_id == maybe_ancestor => return ans,
+                Some(parent_id) if parent_id == node_id => panic!("loop detected"),
+                Some(parent_id) => {
+                    node_id = parent_id;
+                    ans.push(parent_id);
+                }
+                None => return vec![],
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
index 725030182..acb11eee1 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
@@ -2134,6 +2134,123 @@ mod failed_tests {
         )
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn tree_not_latest_cache() {
+        test_multi_sites(
+            5,
+            &mut [
+                Text {
+                    site: 6,
+                    container_idx: 249,
+                    pos: 1,
+                    value: 59136,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 3,
+                    container_idx: 7,
+                    action: TreeAction::Delete,
+                    target: (6221254864071514616, 1448498774),
+                    parent: (10561665233348613718, -1835887982),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 146,
+                    container_idx: 146,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (10538422658059637394, 842175122),
+                    parent: (10561665234359194165, -1835888084),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 128,
+                    container_idx: 128,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (10777884193502357608, 1643550101),
+                    parent: (16645306395562868862, -1),
+                },
+                SyncAll,
+                Text {
+                    site: 39,
+                    container_idx: 1,
+                    pos: 0,
+                    value: 0,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 249,
+                    action: TreeAction::Create,
+                    target: (8394148497429324032, 754974784),
+                    parent: (7523309629210296575, -2139062168),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 128,
+                    container_idx: 128,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (9290786945552646272, -8355712),
+                    parent: (10561504082183874664, -1835887982),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 146,
+                    container_idx: 146,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (10561665234359194258, -1835887982),
+                    parent: (10561665234359194258, -1842572654),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 128,
+                    container_idx: 128,
+                    action: TreeAction::Delete,
+                    target: (13587923031776847976, -1785358958),
+                    parent: (142396720129401334, -6400),
+                },
+                SyncAll,
+                Map {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 97,
+                    key: 39,
+                    value: Null,
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 149,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    action: TreeAction::Delete,
+                    target: (9079702791598964738, 16500),
+                    parent: (4566750081992949760, 1751672874),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 128,
+                    container_idx: 128,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (9259542123273814144, -276725611),
+                    parent: (7523378624104267904, -16776856),
+                },
+            ],
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn tree() {
+        test_multi_sites(
+            5,
+            &mut [
+                Text {
+                    site: 122,
+                    container_idx: 122,
+                    pos: 122,
+                    value: 31354,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 122,
+                    container_idx: 198,
+                    pos: 122,
+                    value: 31354,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+            ],
+        )
+    }
+
     use super::ContainerType as C;
     #[test]
     fn to_minify() {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
index eb93c6749..9f73c11d9 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
@@ -5,14 +5,17 @@ use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::cell::RefCell;
 use std::cmp::Ordering;
 use std::rc::Rc;
+use std::sync::Mutex;
 
 use fxhash::FxHashMap;
+use loro_common::TreeID;
 use rle::{HasLength, RleVec};
 // use tabled::measurment::Percent;
 
 use crate::change::{Change, Lamport, Timestamp};
 use crate::container::list::list_op;
 use crate::dag::DagUtils;
+use crate::diff_calc::TreeParentCache;
 use crate::encoding::{decode_oplog, encode_oplog, EncodeMode};
 use crate::encoding::{ClientChanges, RemoteClientChanges};
 use crate::id::{Counter, PeerID, ID};
@@ -46,6 +49,8 @@ pub struct OpLog {
     /// Whether we are importing a batch of changes.
     /// If so the Dag's frontiers won't be updated until the batch is finished.
     pub(crate) batch_importing: bool,
+
+    pub(crate) tree_parent_cache: Mutex<TreeParentCache>,
 }
 
 /// [AppDag] maintains the causal graph of the app.
@@ -78,6 +83,7 @@ impl Clone for OpLog {
             latest_timestamp: self.latest_timestamp,
             pending_changes: Default::default(),
             batch_importing: false,
+            tree_parent_cache: Default::default(),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -148,6 +154,7 @@ impl OpLog {
             latest_timestamp: Timestamp::default(),
             pending_changes: Default::default(),
             batch_importing: false,
+            tree_parent_cache: Default::default(),
         }
     }
 

From e9e211a2342d4dc0e14f448730879f2650a858b0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 16:10:35 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 052/111] fix: local op add tree cache

---
 crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs         |   21 +-
 .../src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs          | 1267 ++---------------
 crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs             |   17 +-
 3 files changed, 163 insertions(+), 1142 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
index 3c0800923..d4c243ee7 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
@@ -461,12 +461,12 @@ struct TreeDiffCalculator {
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
-struct CompactTreeNode {
-    lamport: Lamport,
-    peer: PeerID,
-    counter: Counter,
-    target: TreeID,
-    parent: Option<TreeID>,
+pub(super) struct CompactTreeNode {
+    pub(super) lamport: Lamport,
+    pub(super) peer: PeerID,
+    pub(super) counter: Counter,
+    pub(super) target: TreeID,
+    pub(super) parent: Option<TreeID>,
 }
 
 // TODO: tree
@@ -491,7 +491,7 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for TreeDiffCalculator {
         match cache_lock.add_cache(&node) {
             Ok(_) => {}
             Err(_) => {
-                println!("gg {:?}", node);
+                // println!("gg {:?}", node);
             }
         }
         self.nodes.insert(node);
@@ -579,13 +579,13 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for TreeDiffCalculator {
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Default)]
-pub(crate) struct TreeParentCache {
+pub struct TreeParentCache {
     cache: FxHashMap<TreeID, BTreeMap<(Lamport, PeerID, Counter), Option<TreeID>>>,
     visited: FxHashSet<(Lamport, PeerID, Counter)>,
 }
 
 impl TreeParentCache {
-    fn add_cache(&mut self, node: &CompactTreeNode) -> Result<(), ()> {
+    pub(super) fn add_cache(&mut self, node: &CompactTreeNode) -> Result<(), ()> {
         if self
             .visited
             .contains(&(node.lamport, node.peer, node.counter))
@@ -612,7 +612,8 @@ impl TreeParentCache {
                     .unwrap();
                 if id > (node.lamport, node.peer, node.counter) {
                     // replace
-                    self.cache.get_mut(&n).unwrap().pop_last();
+                    let p = self.cache.get_mut(&n).unwrap().pop_last();
+                    // println!("REMOVE PARENT {:?}", p.unwrap().1)
                 } else {
                     return Err(());
                 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
index acb11eee1..39d5402cf 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
@@ -35,13 +35,13 @@ pub enum Action {
         key: u8,
         value: FuzzValue,
     },
-    Text {
-        site: u8,
-        container_idx: u8,
-        pos: u8,
-        value: u16,
-        is_del: bool,
-    },
+    // Text {
+    //     site: u8,
+    //     container_idx: u8,
+    //     pos: u8,
+    //     value: u16,
+    //     is_del: bool,
+    // },
     Tree {
         site: u8,
         container_idx: u8,
@@ -302,19 +302,19 @@ impl Tabled for Action {
                 format!("{}", key).into(),
                 format!("{:?}", value).into(),
             ],
-            Action::Text {
-                site,
-                container_idx,
-                pos,
-                value,
-                is_del,
-            } => vec![
-                "text".into(),
-                format!("{}", site).into(),
-                format!("{}", container_idx).into(),
-                format!("{}", pos).into(),
-                format!("{}{}", if *is_del { "Delete " } else { "" }, value).into(),
-            ],
+            // Action::Text {
+            //     site,
+            //     container_idx,
+            //     pos,
+            //     value,
+            //     is_del,
+            // } => vec![
+            //     "text".into(),
+            //     format!("{}", site).into(),
+            //     format!("{}", container_idx).into(),
+            //     format!("{}", pos).into(),
+            //     format!("{}{}", if *is_del { "Delete " } else { "" }, value).into(),
+            // ],
             Action::Tree {
                 site,
                 container_idx,
@@ -478,30 +478,29 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<Actor> {
                     }
                     *key = 0;
                 }
-            }
-            Action::Text {
-                site,
-                container_idx,
-                pos,
-                value,
-                is_del,
-            } => {
-                *site %= max_users;
-                *container_idx %= self[*site as usize].text_containers.len().max(1) as u8;
-                if let Some(text) = self[*site as usize]
-                    .text_containers
-                    .get(*container_idx as usize)
-                {
-                    *pos %= (text.len_unicode() as u8).max(1);
-                    if *is_del {
-                        *value &= 0x1f;
-                        *value = (*value).min(text.len_unicode() as u16 - (*pos) as u16);
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    *is_del = false;
-                    *pos = 0;
-                }
-            }
+            } // Action::Text {
+              //     site,
+              //     container_idx,
+              //     pos,
+              //     value,
+              //     is_del,
+              // } => {
+              //     *site %= max_users;
+              //     *container_idx %= self[*site as usize].text_containers.len().max(1) as u8;
+              //     if let Some(text) = self[*site as usize]
+              //         .text_containers
+              //         .get(*container_idx as usize)
+              //     {
+              //         *pos %= (text.len_unicode() as u8).max(1);
+              //         if *is_del {
+              //             *value &= 0x1f;
+              //             *value = (*value).min(text.len_unicode() as u16 - (*pos) as u16);
+              //         }
+              //     } else {
+              //         *is_del = false;
+              //         *pos = 0;
+              //     }
+              // }
         }
     }
 
@@ -742,37 +741,37 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<Actor> {
                     actor.record_history();
                 }
             }
-            Action::Text {
-                site,
-                container_idx,
-                pos,
-                value,
-                is_del,
-            } => {
-                let actor = &mut self[*site as usize];
-                let container = actor.text_containers.get_mut(*container_idx as usize);
-                let container = if let Some(container) = container {
-                    container
-                } else {
-                    let text = actor.loro.get_text("text");
-                    actor.text_containers.push(text);
-                    &mut actor.text_containers[0]
-                };
-                let mut txn = actor.loro.txn().unwrap();
-                if *is_del {
-                    container
-                        .delete(&mut txn, *pos as usize, *value as usize)
-                        .unwrap();
-                } else {
-                    container
-                        .insert(&mut txn, *pos as usize, &(format!("[{}]", value)))
-                        .unwrap();
-                }
-                drop(txn);
-                if actor.peer == 1 {
-                    actor.record_history();
-                }
-            }
+            // Action::Text {
+            //     site,
+            //     container_idx,
+            //     pos,
+            //     value,
+            //     is_del,
+            // } => {
+            //     let actor = &mut self[*site as usize];
+            //     let container = actor.text_containers.get_mut(*container_idx as usize);
+            //     let container = if let Some(container) = container {
+            //         container
+            //     } else {
+            //         let text = actor.loro.get_text("text");
+            //         actor.text_containers.push(text);
+            //         &mut actor.text_containers[0]
+            //     };
+            //     let mut txn = actor.loro.txn().unwrap();
+            //     if *is_del {
+            //         container
+            //             .delete(&mut txn, *pos as usize, *value as usize)
+            //             .unwrap();
+            //     } else {
+            //         container
+            //             .insert(&mut txn, *pos as usize, &(format!("[{}]", value)))
+            //             .unwrap();
+            //     }
+            //     drop(txn);
+            //     if actor.peer == 1 {
+            //         actor.record_history();
+            //     }
+            // }
             Action::Tree {
                 site,
                 container_idx,
@@ -1177,1075 +1176,81 @@ mod failed_tests {
         );
     }
 
-    #[test]
-    fn fuzz_2() {
-        test_multi_sites(
-            5,
-            &mut [
-                Map {
-                    site: 0,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    key: 0,
-                    value: I32(1616928864),
-                },
-                List {
-                    site: 96,
-                    container_idx: 96,
-                    key: 96,
-                    value: I32(1616928864),
-                },
-                List {
-                    site: 96,
-                    container_idx: 96,
-                    key: 96,
-                    value: I32(1616928864),
-                },
-                List {
-                    site: 96,
-                    container_idx: 96,
-                    key: 96,
-                    value: Container(C::Text),
-                },
-                List {
-                    site: 55,
-                    container_idx: 55,
-                    key: 55,
-                    value: Null,
-                },
-                SyncAll,
-                List {
-                    site: 55,
-                    container_idx: 64,
-                    key: 53,
-                    value: Null,
-                },
-                List {
-                    site: 56,
-                    container_idx: 56,
-                    key: 56,
-                    value: Container(C::Text),
-                },
-                List {
-                    site: 0,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    key: 0,
-                    value: Null,
-                },
-                List {
-                    site: 64,
-                    container_idx: 64,
-                    key: 64,
-                    value: I32(1616928864),
-                },
-                List {
-                    site: 96,
-                    container_idx: 96,
-                    key: 96,
-                    value: I32(1616928864),
-                },
-                List {
-                    site: 96,
-                    container_idx: 96,
-                    key: 255,
-                    value: I32(7),
-                },
-                Text {
-                    site: 97,
-                    container_idx: 225,
-                    pos: 97,
-                    value: 24929,
-                    is_del: false,
-                },
-            ],
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn notify_causal_order_check() {
-        test_multi_sites(
-            5,
-            &mut [
-                Text {
-                    site: 1,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    pos: 0,
-                    value: 38912,
-                    is_del: false,
-                },
-                Map {
-                    site: 0,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    key: 0,
-                    value: Null,
-                },
-                Map {
-                    site: 0,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    key: 0,
-                    value: Null,
-                },
-                Map {
-                    site: 0,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    key: 0,
-                    value: Null,
-                },
-                Map {
-                    site: 0,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    key: 0,
-                    value: Null,
-                },
-                Map {
-                    site: 0,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    key: 0,
-                    value: Null,
-                },
-                Map {
-                    site: 0,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    key: 0,
-                    value: Null,
-                },
-                Map {
-                    site: 0,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    key: 138,
-                    value: Container(C::List),
-                },
-                List {
-                    site: 4,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    key: 0,
-                    value: I32(1),
-                },
-                List {
-                    site: 0,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    key: 0,
-                    value: Container(C::List),
-                },
-                SyncAll,
-            ],
-        )
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test() {
-        arbtest::builder()
-            .budget_ms((100 * PROPTEST_FACTOR_10 * PROPTEST_FACTOR_10) as u64)
-            .run(|u| prop(u, 2))
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_3sites() {
-        arbtest::builder()
-            .budget_ms((100 * PROPTEST_FACTOR_10 * PROPTEST_FACTOR_10) as u64)
-            .run(|u| prop(u, 3))
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn obs() {
-        test_multi_sites(
-            2,
-            &mut [List {
-                site: 1,
-                container_idx: 255,
-                key: 255,
-                value: Container(C::List),
-            }],
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn obs_text() {
-        test_multi_sites(
-            5,
-            &mut [Text {
-                site: 0,
-                container_idx: 0,
-                pos: 0,
-                value: 13756,
-                is_del: false,
-            }],
-        )
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn obs_map() {
-        test_multi_sites(
-            5,
-            &mut [
-                Map {
-                    site: 225,
-                    container_idx: 233,
-                    key: 234,
-                    value: Container(C::Map),
-                },
-                Map {
-                    site: 0,
-                    container_idx: 233,
-                    key: 233,
-                    value: I32(16777215),
-                },
-            ],
-        )
-    }
+    use super::TreeAction;
 
     #[test]
-    fn deleted_container() {
+    fn tree() {
         test_multi_sites(
             5,
-            &mut [
-                Map {
-                    site: 0,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    key: 0,
-                    value: Container(C::List),
+            &mut vec![
+                Tree {
+                    site: 91,
+                    container_idx: 93,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (7671037542047180904, 50426880),
+                    parent: (3074316422536786960, -1),
                 },
                 SyncAll,
-                List {
-                    site: 4,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    key: 0,
-                    value: I32(-1734829928),
-                },
-                Map {
-                    site: 0,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    key: 0,
-                    value: Null,
-                },
-            ],
-        )
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn should_notify() {
-        test_multi_sites(
-            5,
-            &mut [
-                Map {
-                    site: 0,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    key: 0,
-                    value: Container(C::Text),
-                },
-                Map {
-                    site: 0,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    key: 0,
-                    value: Null,
+                Tree {
+                    site: 131,
+                    container_idx: 131,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (8802109550447788931, 489324384),
+                    parent: (18014398509481983872, 1751672936),
                 },
                 SyncAll,
-                Text {
-                    site: 4,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    pos: 0,
-                    value: 39064,
-                    is_del: false,
-                },
-            ],
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn hierarchy() {
-        test_multi_sites(
-            5,
-            &mut [
-                Map {
-                    site: 0,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    key: 255,
-                    value: Container(C::Text),
+                // Map {
+                //     site: 3,
+                //     container_idx: 16,
+                //     key: 34,
+                //     value: I32(2138338420),
+                // },
+                // Tree {
+                //     site: 131,
+                //     container_idx: 131,
+                //     action: TreeAction::Move,
+                //     target: (9476562641788044163, -2088533117),
+                //     parent: (18384119754773463939, 50331647),
+                // },
+                // Map {
+                //     site: 0,
+                //     container_idx: 48,
+                //     key: 250,
+                //     value: Container(C::Map),
+                // },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 131,
+                    container_idx: 131,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (8825409713058644867, 2054847098),
+                    parent: (4213815067817966202, 122),
                 },
-                Map {
-                    site: 3,
+                Tree {
+                    site: 122,
                     container_idx: 0,
-                    key: 255,
-                    value: Container(C::Text),
-                },
-                SyncAll,
-                Text {
-                    site: 2,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    pos: 0,
-                    value: 39064,
-                    is_del: false,
-                },
-                Text {
-                    site: 4,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    pos: 0,
-                    value: 39064,
-                    is_del: false,
-                },
-            ],
-        )
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn apply_directly() {
-        test_multi_sites(
-            5,
-            &mut [
-                Map {
-                    site: 0,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    key: 0,
-                    value: Container(C::Text),
-                },
-                Map {
-                    site: 0,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    key: 0,
-                    value: Null,
-                },
-                SyncAll,
-                Text {
-                    site: 4,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    pos: 0,
-                    value: 39064,
-                    is_del: false,
-                },
-                Text {
-                    site: 2,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    pos: 0,
-                    value: 39064,
-                    is_del: false,
-                },
-                SyncAll,
-                Text {
-                    site: 2,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    pos: 5,
-                    value: 39064,
-                    is_del: false,
-                },
-            ],
-        )
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn find_path_for_deleted_container() {
-        test_multi_sites(
-            5,
-            &mut [
-                Map {
-                    site: 0,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    key: 0,
-                    value: Container(C::Map),
-                },
-                SyncAll,
-                Map {
-                    site: 0,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    key: 0,
-                    value: Container(C::List),
-                },
-                Map {
-                    site: 1,
-                    container_idx: 1,
-                    key: 255,
-                    value: Container(C::List),
-                },
-                Map {
-                    site: 4,
-                    container_idx: 1,
-                    key: 9,
-                    value: Null,
-                },
-            ],
-        )
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn list_unknown() {
-        test_multi_sites(
-            5,
-            &mut [
-                List {
-                    site: 139,
-                    container_idx: 133,
-                    key: 32,
-                    value: Container(C::Text),
-                },
-                List {
-                    site: 166,
-                    container_idx: 127,
-                    key: 207,
-                    value: Null,
-                },
-                Text {
-                    site: 203,
-                    container_idx: 105,
-                    pos: 87,
-                    value: 52649,
-                    is_del: false,
-                },
-                List {
-                    site: 122,
-                    container_idx: 137,
-                    key: 41,
-                    value: Container(C::List),
-                },
-            ],
-        )
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn path_issue() {
-        test_multi_sites(
-            5,
-            &mut [
-                List {
-                    site: 1,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    key: 0,
-                    value: Container(C::List),
-                },
-                List {
-                    site: 1,
-                    container_idx: 1,
-                    key: 0,
-                    value: Container(C::List),
-                },
-                List {
-                    site: 1,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    key: 0,
-                    value: Container(C::List),
-                },
-            ],
-        )
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn unknown_1() {
-        test_multi_sites(
-            5,
-            &mut [
-                SyncAll,
-                Map {
-                    site: 32,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    key: 110,
-                    value: Null,
-                },
-                SyncAll,
-                List {
-                    site: 90,
-                    container_idx: 90,
-                    key: 90,
-                    value: I32(5921392),
-                },
-                Text {
-                    site: 92,
-                    container_idx: 140,
-                    pos: 0,
-                    value: 0,
-                    is_del: false,
-                },
-                SyncAll,
-            ],
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn cannot_skip_ops_from_deleted_container_due_to_this_case() {
-        test_multi_sites(
-            5,
-            &mut [
-                List {
-                    site: 1,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    key: 0,
-                    value: Container(C::List),
-                },
-                Map {
-                    site: 0,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    key: 2,
-                    value: Container(C::List),
-                },
-                SyncAll,
-                Map {
-                    site: 0,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    key: 255,
-                    value: Container(C::List),
-                },
-                SyncAll,
-                Map {
-                    site: 0,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    key: 255,
-                    value: Container(C::List),
-                },
-                List {
-                    site: 3,
-                    container_idx: 3,
-                    key: 0,
-                    value: Container(C::List),
-                },
-                List {
-                    site: 1,
-                    container_idx: 3,
-                    key: 0,
-                    value: Container(C::List),
-                },
-                SyncAll,
-                List {
-                    site: 0,
-                    container_idx: 3,
-                    key: 0,
-                    value: Container(C::Map),
-                },
-                List {
-                    site: 1,
-                    container_idx: 3,
-                    key: 1,
-                    value: Container(C::Map),
-                },
-            ],
-        )
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn map_apply() {
-        test_multi_sites(
-            5,
-            &mut [
-                Text {
-                    site: 2,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    pos: 0,
-                    value: 39064,
-                    is_del: false,
-                },
-                List {
-                    site: 0,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    key: 0,
-                    value: Container(C::Map),
-                },
-                Map {
-                    site: 0,
-                    container_idx: 1,
-                    key: 255,
-                    value: Container(C::Map),
-                },
-            ],
-        )
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn maybe_because_of_hierarchy() {
-        test_multi_sites(
-            5,
-            &mut [
-                List {
-                    site: 1,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    key: 0,
-                    value: Container(C::Text),
-                },
-                List {
-                    site: 1,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    key: 0,
-                    value: Container(C::Text),
-                },
-                Sync { from: 1, to: 2 },
-                List {
-                    site: 2,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    key: 0,
-                    value: Null,
-                },
-                Sync { from: 1, to: 2 },
-                Text {
-                    site: 1,
-                    container_idx: 2,
-                    pos: 0,
-                    value: 45232,
-                    is_del: false,
-                },
-            ],
-        )
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn checkout_error() {
-        test_multi_sites(
-            2,
-            &mut [
-                Map {
-                    site: 0,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    key: 0,
-                    value: Null,
-                },
-                List {
-                    site: 1,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    key: 0,
-                    value: I32(1),
-                },
-                List {
-                    site: 0,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    key: 0,
-                    value: Container(C::List),
-                },
-            ],
-        )
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn unknown() {
-        test_multi_sites(
-            5,
-            &mut [
-                Text {
-                    site: 2,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    pos: 0,
-                    value: 39064,
-                    is_del: false,
-                },
-                Text {
-                    site: 2,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    pos: 5,
-                    value: 152,
-                    is_del: false,
-                },
-                Sync { from: 2, to: 3 },
-                Text {
-                    site: 3,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    pos: 10,
-                    value: 2,
-                    is_del: true,
-                },
-                Text {
-                    site: 2,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    pos: 0,
-                    value: 39064,
-                    is_del: false,
-                },
-                Sync { from: 2, to: 3 },
-                Text {
-                    site: 2,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    pos: 16,
-                    value: 39064,
-                    is_del: false,
-                },
-                Text {
-                    site: 2,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    pos: 8,
-                    value: 39064,
-                    is_del: false,
-                },
-                Text {
-                    site: 2,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    pos: 28,
-                    value: 39064,
-                    is_del: false,
-                },
-                Text {
-                    site: 2,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    pos: 0,
-                    value: 39064,
-                    is_del: false,
-                },
-                Text {
-                    site: 2,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    pos: 41,
-                    value: 45232,
-                    is_del: false,
-                },
-                Sync { from: 1, to: 2 },
-                Text {
-                    site: 2,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    pos: 48,
-                    value: 39064,
-                    is_del: false,
-                },
-                List {
-                    site: 1,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    key: 0,
-                    value: I32(-1734829928),
-                },
-            ],
-        )
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn list_slice_err() {
-        test_multi_sites(
-            5,
-            &mut [
-                Map {
-                    site: 0,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    key: 0,
-                    value: Container(C::List),
-                },
-                Map {
-                    site: 0,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    key: 0,
-                    value: Container(C::Map),
-                },
-                SyncAll,
-                Map {
-                    site: 1,
-                    container_idx: 1,
-                    key: 37,
-                    value: Null,
-                },
-            ],
-        )
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn utf16_err() {
-        test_multi_sites(
-            5,
-            &mut [
-                Text {
-                    site: 2,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    pos: 0,
-                    value: 39064,
-                    is_del: false,
-                },
-                Text {
-                    site: 2,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    pos: 1,
-                    value: 2,
-                    is_del: true,
-                },
-            ],
-        )
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn merge_err() {
-        test_multi_sites(
-            5,
-            &mut [
-                Text {
-                    site: 2,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    pos: 0,
-                    value: 39064,
-                    is_del: false,
-                },
-                SyncAll,
-                Text {
-                    site: 1,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    pos: 5,
-                    value: 2,
-                    is_del: true,
-                },
-            ],
-        )
-    }
-    use super::TreeAction;
-    #[test]
-    fn tree_cycle_move() {
-        test_multi_sites(
-            5,
-            &mut [
-                Tree {
-                    site: 127,
-                    container_idx: 96,
-                    action: TreeAction::Create,
-                    target: (10561664609096343656, -1835887982),
-                    parent: (11558548064546493074, -1845428736),
-                },
-                Tree {
-                    site: 146,
-                    container_idx: 146,
-                    action: TreeAction::Move,
-                    target: (8376697034077409938, 1593442176),
-                    parent: (10561665234359194258, 301989887),
-                },
-                Tree {
-                    site: 138,
-                    container_idx: 138,
-                    action: TreeAction::Move,
-                    target: (9256093509146179978, -2070769135),
-                    parent: (9982943851654580874, 24409337),
-                },
-                SyncAll,
-                Tree {
-                    site: 149,
-                    container_idx: 107,
-                    action: TreeAction::Move,
-                    target: (12659530244705763585, -1347440721),
-                    parent: (9982943851556351919, 1250593418),
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (11212726647612145530, 2054855579),
+                    parent: (9474019432586705125, -8748157),
+                },
+                // List {
+                //     site: 86,
+                //     container_idx: 86,
+                //     key: 131,
+                //     value: I32(-1234671512),
+                // },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 104,
+                    container_idx: 104,
+                    action: TreeAction::Delete,
+                    target: (18389660725081210879, -2088501249),
+                    parent: (9476562640194208643, -2088533117),
                 },
                 Tree {
-                    site: 255,
-                    container_idx: 249,
+                    site: 131,
+                    container_idx: 131,
                     action: TreeAction::Move,
-                    target: (18297602016176747, -762146245),
-                    parent: (12652179886389236370, -1347440721),
-                },
-                Sync { from: 175, to: 175 },
-                Tree {
-                    site: 138,
-                    container_idx: 138,
-                    action: TreeAction::Move,
-                    target: (9256093509146179978, -1778386433),
-                    parent: (113280941038474645, -885325759),
-                },
-            ],
-        )
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn tree_revert_multi_cache() {
-        test_multi_sites(
-            5,
-            &mut [
-                Tree {
-                    site: 128,
-                    container_idx: 128,
-                    action: TreeAction::Move,
-                    target: (9259542123273814144, -2139062144),
-                    parent: (3242706529344356224, 1750794495),
-                },
-                Tree {
-                    site: 146,
-                    container_idx: 146,
-                    action: TreeAction::Move,
-                    target: (9259542019790350911, -2139062144),
-                    parent: (9259542123273814063, -2139062144),
-                },
-                SyncAll,
-                Tree {
-                    site: 1,
-                    container_idx: 146,
-                    action: TreeAction::Create,
-                    target: (10561665234359194258, -1835887982),
-                    parent: (10561665234359194258, -1835887982),
-                },
-                Tree {
-                    site: 255,
-                    container_idx: 63,
-                    action: TreeAction::Move,
-                    target: (10551089508041331346, -1835899502),
-                    parent: (10561665234359194258, -1835887982),
-                },
-                Tree {
-                    site: 146,
-                    container_idx: 146,
-                    action: TreeAction::Move,
-                    target: (10561574443045524114, 892482194),
-                    parent: (10561665234359194258, -1835887982),
-                },
-                Text {
-                    site: 128,
-                    container_idx: 128,
-                    pos: 128,
-                    value: 32896,
-                    is_del: false,
-                },
-                Tree {
-                    site: 128,
-                    container_idx: 128,
-                    action: TreeAction::Move,
-                    target: (9259542123273814144, -2139062144),
-                    parent: (9259542123273814144, -2139062144),
-                },
-            ],
-        )
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn tree_old_parent_cache() {
-        test_multi_sites(
-            5,
-            &mut [
-                Tree {
-                    site: 146,
-                    container_idx: 146,
-                    action: TreeAction::Move,
-                    target: (10561665234359194258, -1835887982),
-                    parent: (10561665234359718546, -1835887982),
-                },
-                Tree {
-                    site: 153,
-                    container_idx: 146,
-                    action: TreeAction::Move,
-                    target: (10561665234359194258, 37522),
-                    parent: (10561665234359194112, 1616941714),
-                },
-                SyncAll,
-                Text {
-                    site: 96,
-                    container_idx: 146,
-                    pos: 146,
-                    value: 37522,
-                    is_del: false,
-                },
-                Tree {
-                    site: 146,
-                    container_idx: 146,
-                    action: TreeAction::Move,
-                    target: (10561664992897817178, -1835887982),
-                    parent: (6496727131078431378, 1247425114),
-                },
-                Tree {
-                    site: 0,
-                    container_idx: 192,
-                    action: TreeAction::Delete,
-                    target: (211934100111552, 1512123904),
-                    parent: (41939773041695322, -1835888128),
-                },
-                Tree {
-                    site: 146,
-                    container_idx: 146,
-                    action: TreeAction::Move,
-                    target: (10561665234359194258, -1835887982),
-                    parent: (18374686479681229458, -1839111937),
-                },
-            ],
-        )
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn tree_not_latest_cache() {
-        test_multi_sites(
-            5,
-            &mut [
-                Text {
-                    site: 6,
-                    container_idx: 249,
-                    pos: 1,
-                    value: 59136,
-                    is_del: false,
-                },
-                Tree {
-                    site: 3,
-                    container_idx: 7,
-                    action: TreeAction::Delete,
-                    target: (6221254864071514616, 1448498774),
-                    parent: (10561665233348613718, -1835887982),
-                },
-                Tree {
-                    site: 146,
-                    container_idx: 146,
-                    action: TreeAction::Move,
-                    target: (10538422658059637394, 842175122),
-                    parent: (10561665234359194165, -1835888084),
-                },
-                Tree {
-                    site: 128,
-                    container_idx: 128,
-                    action: TreeAction::Move,
-                    target: (10777884193502357608, 1643550101),
-                    parent: (16645306395562868862, -1),
-                },
-                SyncAll,
-                Text {
-                    site: 39,
-                    container_idx: 1,
-                    pos: 0,
-                    value: 0,
-                    is_del: false,
-                },
-                Tree {
-                    site: 0,
-                    container_idx: 249,
-                    action: TreeAction::Create,
-                    target: (8394148497429324032, 754974784),
-                    parent: (7523309629210296575, -2139062168),
-                },
-                Tree {
-                    site: 128,
-                    container_idx: 128,
-                    action: TreeAction::Move,
-                    target: (9290786945552646272, -8355712),
-                    parent: (10561504082183874664, -1835887982),
-                },
-                Tree {
-                    site: 146,
-                    container_idx: 146,
-                    action: TreeAction::Move,
-                    target: (10561665234359194258, -1835887982),
-                    parent: (10561665234359194258, -1842572654),
-                },
-                Tree {
-                    site: 128,
-                    container_idx: 128,
-                    action: TreeAction::Delete,
-                    target: (13587923031776847976, -1785358958),
-                    parent: (142396720129401334, -6400),
-                },
-                SyncAll,
-                Map {
-                    site: 0,
-                    container_idx: 97,
-                    key: 39,
-                    value: Null,
-                },
-                Tree {
-                    site: 149,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    action: TreeAction::Delete,
-                    target: (9079702791598964738, 16500),
-                    parent: (4566750081992949760, 1751672874),
-                },
-                Tree {
-                    site: 128,
-                    container_idx: 128,
-                    action: TreeAction::Move,
-                    target: (9259542123273814144, -276725611),
-                    parent: (7523378624104267904, -16776856),
-                },
-            ],
-        )
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn tree() {
-        test_multi_sites(
-            5,
-            &mut [
-                Text {
-                    site: 122,
-                    container_idx: 122,
-                    pos: 122,
-                    value: 31354,
-                    is_del: false,
-                },
-                Text {
-                    site: 122,
-                    container_idx: 198,
-                    pos: 122,
-                    value: 31354,
-                    is_del: false,
+                    target: (9476562641788044163, 805306368),
+                    parent: (18085043209519168250, 2071755901),
                 },
             ],
         )
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
index 9f73c11d9..6f13fa7df 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ use rle::{HasLength, RleVec};
 use crate::change::{Change, Lamport, Timestamp};
 use crate::container::list::list_op;
 use crate::dag::DagUtils;
-use crate::diff_calc::TreeParentCache;
+use crate::diff_calc::{CompactTreeNode, TreeParentCache};
 use crate::encoding::{decode_oplog, encode_oplog, EncodeMode};
 use crate::encoding::{ClientChanges, RemoteClientChanges};
 use crate::id::{Counter, PeerID, ID};
@@ -252,7 +252,22 @@ impl OpLog {
                 }
             }
         }
+        // TODO: update tree cache
+        let mut tree_cache = self.tree_parent_cache.lock().unwrap();
+        for op in change.ops().iter() {
+            if let crate::op::InnerContent::Tree(tree) = op.content {
+                let _ = tree_cache.add_cache(&CompactTreeNode {
+                    lamport: change.lamport,
+                    peer: change.id.peer,
+                    counter: op.counter,
+                    target: tree.target,
+                    parent: tree.parent,
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
         self.changes.entry(change.id.peer).or_default().push(change);
+
         Ok(())
     }
 

From ab065c4ca158b5465ceab8f420ccd669a25bdd5b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 16:10:35 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 053/111] fix: don't add same tree move to cache

---
 crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs         |  58 +++++++--
 .../src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs          | 119 ++++++++++--------
 2 files changed, 117 insertions(+), 60 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
index d4c243ee7..058bdedbc 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
-use std::collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet};
+use std::{
+    collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet},
+    ops::{Deref, DerefMut},
+};
 
 use enum_dispatch::enum_dispatch;
 use fxhash::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
@@ -67,7 +70,6 @@ impl DiffCalculator {
                 self.last_vv = Default::default();
             }
         }
-
         let affected_set = if !self.has_all {
             // if we don't have all the ops, we need to calculate the diff by tracing back
             let mut after = after;
@@ -95,7 +97,9 @@ impl DiffCalculator {
 
             let (lca, iter) =
                 oplog.iter_from_lca_causally(before, before_frontiers, after, after_frontiers);
+
             let mut started_set = FxHashSet::default();
+            println!("\n");
             for (change, vv) in iter {
                 if change.id.counter > 0 && self.has_all {
                     assert!(
@@ -169,7 +173,6 @@ impl DiffCalculator {
                 None
             }
         };
-
         let mut diffs = Vec::with_capacity(self.calculators.len());
         if let Some(set) = affected_set {
             // only visit the affected containers
@@ -188,7 +191,6 @@ impl DiffCalculator {
                 });
             }
         }
-
         diffs
     }
 }
@@ -580,10 +582,42 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for TreeDiffCalculator {
 
 #[derive(Debug, Default)]
 pub struct TreeParentCache {
-    cache: FxHashMap<TreeID, BTreeMap<(Lamport, PeerID, Counter), Option<TreeID>>>,
+    cache: Cache,
     visited: FxHashSet<(Lamport, PeerID, Counter)>,
 }
 
+#[derive(Default)]
+struct Cache(FxHashMap<TreeID, BTreeMap<(Lamport, PeerID, Counter), Option<TreeID>>>);
+
+impl core::fmt::Debug for Cache {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter) -> core::fmt::Result {
+        f.write_str("{\n")?;
+        for (k, v) in self.0.iter() {
+            f.write_str(&format!("  {:?}:", k))?;
+            f.write_str("{\n")?;
+            for (k, v) in v.iter() {
+                f.write_str(&format!("    {:?}:{:?}\n", k, v))?;
+            }
+            f.write_str("  }\n")?;
+        }
+        f.write_str("}")?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl Deref for Cache {
+    type Target = FxHashMap<TreeID, BTreeMap<(Lamport, PeerID, Counter), Option<TreeID>>>;
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        &self.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl DerefMut for Cache {
+    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
+        &mut self.0
+    }
+}
+
 impl TreeParentCache {
     pub(super) fn add_cache(&mut self, node: &CompactTreeNode) -> Result<(), ()> {
         if self
@@ -595,7 +629,6 @@ impl TreeParentCache {
         self.visited.insert((node.lamport, node.peer, node.counter));
         if let Some(parent) = node.parent {
             let nodes = self.is_ancestor_of(node.target, parent);
-
             if !nodes.is_empty() {
                 let (id, n) = nodes
                     .into_iter()
@@ -620,10 +653,17 @@ impl TreeParentCache {
             }
         }
 
-        self.cache
+        let entry = self
+            .cache
             .entry(node.target)
-            .or_insert_with(BTreeMap::default)
-            .insert((node.lamport, node.peer, node.counter), node.parent);
+            .or_insert_with(BTreeMap::default);
+        if let Some((_, v)) = entry.last_key_value() {
+            if *v != node.parent {
+                entry.insert((node.lamport, node.peer, node.counter), node.parent);
+            }
+        } else {
+            entry.insert((node.lamport, node.peer, node.counter), node.parent);
+        }
 
         Ok(())
     }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
index 39d5402cf..f0ab9aed9 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
@@ -1184,73 +1184,90 @@ mod failed_tests {
             5,
             &mut vec![
                 Tree {
-                    site: 91,
-                    container_idx: 93,
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 140,
                     action: TreeAction::Move,
-                    target: (7671037542047180904, 50426880),
-                    parent: (3074316422536786960, -1),
+                    target: (10127624197329226892, -1936945972),
+                    parent: (10127624197330757772, -1936946036),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 142,
+                    container_idx: 140,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (10127624197330734220, -1936946036),
+                    parent: (10127624197330734220, -1946125807),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 140,
+                    container_idx: 140,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (1420, -1936946176),
+                    parent: (10127624197330734220, -1936946036),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 140,
+                    container_idx: 140,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (10127623737769233548, -1936946036),
+                    parent: (10127624197330734220, -1936962164),
                 },
-                SyncAll,
                 Tree {
-                    site: 131,
-                    container_idx: 131,
+                    site: 140,
+                    container_idx: 140,
                     action: TreeAction::Move,
-                    target: (8802109550447788931, 489324384),
-                    parent: (18014398509481983872, 1751672936),
+                    target: (10127624197330734220, -1938453364),
+                    parent: (10127624197330734220, -1936946036),
                 },
                 SyncAll,
-                // Map {
-                //     site: 3,
-                //     container_idx: 16,
-                //     key: 34,
-                //     value: I32(2138338420),
-                // },
-                // Tree {
-                //     site: 131,
-                //     container_idx: 131,
-                //     action: TreeAction::Move,
-                //     target: (9476562641788044163, -2088533117),
-                //     parent: (18384119754773463939, 50331647),
-                // },
-                // Map {
-                //     site: 0,
-                //     container_idx: 48,
-                //     key: 250,
-                //     value: Container(C::Map),
-                // },
+                SyncAll,
                 Tree {
-                    site: 131,
-                    container_idx: 131,
+                    site: 140,
+                    container_idx: 140,
                     action: TreeAction::Move,
-                    target: (8825409713058644867, 2054847098),
-                    parent: (4213815067817966202, 122),
+                    target: (5, -1936946036),
+                    parent: (10127624197330734220, -1936946036),
                 },
                 Tree {
-                    site: 122,
-                    container_idx: 0,
+                    site: 140,
+                    container_idx: 140,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (10127624195535572108, -1936946036),
+                    parent: (10127624197330734220, 864848973),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 140,
+                    container_idx: 140,
                     action: TreeAction::Move,
-                    target: (11212726647612145530, 2054855579),
-                    parent: (9474019432586705125, -8748157),
+                    target: (10127624197330734220, -1936946036),
+                    parent: (10127624197330734220, -1936946036),
                 },
-                // List {
-                //     site: 86,
-                //     container_idx: 86,
-                //     key: 131,
-                //     value: I32(-1234671512),
-                // },
                 Tree {
-                    site: 104,
-                    container_idx: 104,
-                    action: TreeAction::Delete,
-                    target: (18389660725081210879, -2088501249),
-                    parent: (9476562640194208643, -2088533117),
+                    site: 140,
+                    container_idx: 17,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (10127598908563295372, -1936946036),
+                    parent: (10127624197330734220, -1936946036),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 140,
+                    container_idx: 214,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (10127624197330734732, -1936946036),
+                    parent: (10127624197330734220, -1936946036),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 128,
+                    container_idx: 128,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (10127610951449477248, -1936946036),
+                    parent: (10127624197330734220, -2716539),
                 },
                 Tree {
-                    site: 131,
-                    container_idx: 131,
+                    site: 142,
+                    container_idx: 140,
                     action: TreeAction::Move,
-                    target: (9476562641788044163, 805306368),
-                    parent: (18085043209519168250, 2071755901),
+                    target: (10127624197330734220, -2138272628),
+                    parent: (9259542123273814144, -2139062144),
                 },
             ],
         )

From 26226203935de520cd874bb5cd968ac013cb9bc2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 16:10:35 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 054/111] fix: need update cache

---
 crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs         |  16 ++-
 .../src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs          | 100 ++++++++----------
 crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs              |   2 +-
 3 files changed, 59 insertions(+), 59 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
index 058bdedbc..5943c6ea0 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
@@ -99,7 +99,6 @@ impl DiffCalculator {
                 oplog.iter_from_lca_causally(before, before_frontiers, after, after_frontiers);
 
             let mut started_set = FxHashSet::default();
-            println!("\n");
             for (change, vv) in iter {
                 if change.id.counter > 0 && self.has_all {
                     assert!(
@@ -644,8 +643,19 @@ impl TreeParentCache {
                     .max()
                     .unwrap();
                 if id > (node.lamport, node.peer, node.counter) {
-                    // replace
-                    let p = self.cache.get_mut(&n).unwrap().pop_last();
+                    // the last one will cause cycle move, add new old parent for this lamport time
+                    let len = self.cache.get_mut(&n).unwrap().len();
+                    let p = if len > 1 {
+                        let (_, old_parent) =
+                            self.cache.get(&n).unwrap().iter().rev().nth(1).unwrap();
+                        *old_parent
+                    } else {
+                        DELETED_TREE_ROOT
+                    };
+                    self.cache
+                        .get_mut(&n)
+                        .unwrap()
+                        .insert((node.lamport, node.peer, node.counter), p);
                     // println!("REMOVE PARENT {:?}", p.unwrap().1)
                 } else {
                     return Err(());
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
index f0ab9aed9..1d13f33f3 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
@@ -1183,91 +1183,81 @@ mod failed_tests {
         test_multi_sites(
             5,
             &mut vec![
-                Tree {
+                List {
                     site: 0,
-                    container_idx: 140,
-                    action: TreeAction::Move,
-                    target: (10127624197329226892, -1936945972),
-                    parent: (10127624197330757772, -1936946036),
-                },
-                Tree {
-                    site: 142,
-                    container_idx: 140,
-                    action: TreeAction::Move,
-                    target: (10127624197330734220, -1936946036),
-                    parent: (10127624197330734220, -1946125807),
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 45,
+                    value: I32(1751657023),
                 },
                 Tree {
-                    site: 140,
-                    container_idx: 140,
+                    site: 128,
+                    container_idx: 128,
                     action: TreeAction::Move,
-                    target: (1420, -1936946176),
-                    parent: (10127624197330734220, -1936946036),
+                    target: (9259542123273814144, -2139062144),
+                    parent: (396272614309760, -1835887982),
                 },
                 Tree {
-                    site: 140,
-                    container_idx: 140,
+                    site: 146,
+                    container_idx: 146,
                     action: TreeAction::Move,
-                    target: (10127623737769233548, -1936946036),
-                    parent: (10127624197330734220, -1936962164),
+                    target: (10561665234359194258, -1835887982),
+                    parent: (4611565701672637074, -1835887982),
                 },
-                Tree {
-                    site: 140,
-                    container_idx: 140,
-                    action: TreeAction::Move,
-                    target: (10127624197330734220, -1938453364),
-                    parent: (10127624197330734220, -1936946036),
+                Map {
+                    site: 109,
+                    container_idx: 146,
+                    key: 146,
+                    value: I32(-1835887982),
                 },
                 SyncAll,
-                SyncAll,
                 Tree {
-                    site: 140,
-                    container_idx: 140,
+                    site: 50,
+                    container_idx: 50,
                     action: TreeAction::Move,
-                    target: (5, -1936946036),
-                    parent: (10127624197330734220, -1936946036),
+                    target: (10561664796272530066, -1842703726),
+                    parent: (10561665234359194258, -1835887982),
                 },
                 Tree {
-                    site: 140,
-                    container_idx: 140,
+                    site: 146,
+                    container_idx: 50,
                     action: TreeAction::Move,
-                    target: (10127624195535572108, -1936946036),
-                    parent: (10127624197330734220, 864848973),
+                    target: (10532954786734707346, -1835887982),
+                    parent: (7523544104899215488, 92264),
                 },
                 Tree {
-                    site: 140,
-                    container_idx: 140,
+                    site: 146,
+                    container_idx: 146,
                     action: TreeAction::Move,
-                    target: (10127624197330734220, -1936946036),
-                    parent: (10127624197330734220, -1936946036),
+                    target: (10561665234359194257, -1835887982),
+                    parent: (71825597094072978, 708796507),
                 },
                 Tree {
-                    site: 140,
-                    container_idx: 17,
+                    site: 128,
+                    container_idx: 128,
                     action: TreeAction::Move,
-                    target: (10127598908563295372, -1936946036),
-                    parent: (10127624197330734220, -1936946036),
+                    target: (9259542123273814063, -2139062144),
+                    parent: (7523377977694912640, -1835925503),
                 },
                 Tree {
-                    site: 140,
-                    container_idx: 214,
+                    site: 146,
+                    container_idx: 146,
                     action: TreeAction::Move,
-                    target: (10127624197330734732, -1936946036),
-                    parent: (10127624197330734220, -1936946036),
+                    target: (10561665234359194258, -1835887982),
+                    parent: (10561665234359194258, -1835909121),
                 },
                 Tree {
-                    site: 128,
-                    container_idx: 128,
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
                     action: TreeAction::Move,
-                    target: (10127610951449477248, -1936946036),
-                    parent: (10127624197330734220, -2716539),
+                    target: (10561665234359194258, 1073713810),
+                    parent: (395994148803218, 1704104557),
                 },
                 Tree {
-                    site: 142,
-                    container_idx: 140,
+                    site: 146,
+                    container_idx: 146,
                     action: TreeAction::Move,
-                    target: (10127624197330734220, -2138272628),
-                    parent: (9259542123273814144, -2139062144),
+                    target: (10561664787682595474, -1835887982),
+                    parent: (4611565701672637074, 848466578),
                 },
             ],
         )
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs
index b66a32f97..5c905f1cf 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ impl LoroDoc {
                 let old_vv = oplog.vv().clone();
                 let old_frontiers = oplog.frontiers().clone();
                 oplog.decode(bytes)?;
-                debug_log::debug_dbg!(&oplog);
+                // debug_log::debug_dbg!(&oplog);
                 if !self.detached {
                     let mut diff = DiffCalculator::default();
                     let diff = diff.calc_diff_internal(

From d375f788f2cdd642004c7bb612ac09270478eccb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 16:10:35 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 055/111] feat: new cache

---
 crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs                 |    4 +-
 crates/loro-internal/fuzz/Cargo.toml          |    6 +
 .../loro-internal/fuzz/fuzz_targets/tree.rs   |    5 +
 crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs        |    2 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs         |  278 +--
 crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs    |  353 ++++
 crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz.rs              |    1 +
 .../src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs          | 1208 +++++++++----
 crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs         | 1580 +++++++++++++++++
 crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs             |    6 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs   |    2 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs             |    6 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs  |   81 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs             |    8 +-
 14 files changed, 2907 insertions(+), 633 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 crates/loro-internal/fuzz/fuzz_targets/tree.rs
 create mode 100644 crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs
 create mode 100644 crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs

diff --git a/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs b/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
index c7dc806f5..dcd7f89b2 100644
--- a/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
@@ -94,7 +94,9 @@ impl ContainerType {
             ContainerType::Text => LoroValue::String(Arc::new(String::new())),
             ContainerType::Map => LoroValue::Map(Arc::new(Default::default())),
             ContainerType::List => LoroValue::List(Arc::new(Default::default())),
-            ContainerType::Tree => LoroValue::String(Arc::new(String::from("[]"))),
+            ContainerType::Tree => {
+                LoroValue::String(Arc::new(String::from(r#"{"roots":[],"deleted":[]}"#)))
+            }
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/fuzz/Cargo.toml b/crates/loro-internal/fuzz/Cargo.toml
index f94ee8113..0c6b67513 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/fuzz/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/fuzz/Cargo.toml
@@ -47,3 +47,9 @@ name = "import"
 path = "fuzz_targets/import.rs"
 test = false
 doc = false
+
+[[bin]]
+name = "tree"
+path = "fuzz_targets/tree.rs"
+test = false
+doc = false
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/fuzz/fuzz_targets/tree.rs b/crates/loro-internal/fuzz/fuzz_targets/tree.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4a393c227
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/fuzz/fuzz_targets/tree.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#![no_main]
+use libfuzzer_sys::fuzz_target;
+use loro_internal::fuzz::tree::{test_multi_sites, Action};
+
+fuzz_target!(|actions: Vec<Action>| { test_multi_sites(5, &mut actions.clone()) });
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs
index a6f238e45..108beb63b 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use loro_common::TreeID;
 use serde::Serialize;
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, Serialize)]
 pub struct TreeDelta {
     pub(crate) diff: Vec<(TreeID, Option<TreeID>)>,
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
index 5943c6ea0..8927085a0 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
-use std::{
-    collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet},
-    ops::{Deref, DerefMut},
-};
+use std::collections::BTreeSet;
+pub(super) mod tree;
+pub(super) use tree::TreeDiffCache;
 
 use enum_dispatch::enum_dispatch;
 use fxhash::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
-use loro_common::{HasIdSpan, PeerID, TreeID, DELETED_TREE_ROOT, ID};
+use loro_common::{HasIdSpan, PeerID, TreeID, ID};
 
 use crate::{
     change::Lamport,
@@ -458,7 +457,7 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for TextDiffCalculator {
 
 #[derive(Debug, Default)]
 struct TreeDiffCalculator {
-    nodes: BTreeSet<CompactTreeNode>,
+    // nodes: BTreeSet<CompactTreeNode>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
@@ -480,6 +479,7 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for TreeDiffCalculator {
         op: crate::op::RichOp,
         _vv: Option<&crate::VersionVector>,
     ) {
+        // TODO: container id
         let TreeOp { target, parent } = op.op().content.as_tree().unwrap();
         let node = CompactTreeNode {
             lamport: op.lamport(),
@@ -488,14 +488,8 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for TreeDiffCalculator {
             target: *target,
             parent: *parent,
         };
-        let mut cache_lock = oplog.tree_parent_cache.lock().unwrap();
-        match cache_lock.add_cache(&node) {
-            Ok(_) => {}
-            Err(_) => {
-                // println!("gg {:?}", node);
-            }
-        }
-        self.nodes.insert(node);
+        let mut tree_cache = oplog.tree_parent_cache.lock().unwrap();
+        tree_cache.add_node(&node);
     }
 
     fn stop_tracking(&mut self, _oplog: &OpLog, _vv: &crate::VersionVector) {}
@@ -507,12 +501,7 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for TreeDiffCalculator {
         from: &crate::VersionVector,
         to: &crate::VersionVector,
     ) -> Diff {
-        let tree_cache = oplog.tree_parent_cache.lock().unwrap();
-        let debug = false;
-
-        if debug {
-            println!("from {:?} to {:?}", from, to);
-        }
+        debug_log::debug_log!("from {:?} to {:?}", from, to);
         let mut merged_vv = from.clone();
         merged_vv.merge(to);
         let from_frontiers_inner;
@@ -527,196 +516,63 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for TreeDiffCalculator {
         };
         let common_ancestors = oplog.dag.find_common_ancestor(from_frontiers, to_frontiers);
         let lca_vv = oplog.dag.frontiers_to_vv(&common_ancestors).unwrap();
-        if debug {
-            println!("lca vv {:?}", lca_vv);
-        }
-        let mut latest_vv = lca_vv.clone();
-        let mut need_revert_ops = Vec::new();
-        let mut apply_ops = Vec::new();
-        for node in self.nodes.iter() {
-            let id = ID {
-                peer: node.peer,
-                counter: node.counter,
-            };
-
-            if from.includes_id(id) && !lca_vv.includes_id(id) {
-                need_revert_ops.push(node);
-                latest_vv.set_end(id);
-            }
-            if to.includes_id(id) && !lca_vv.includes_id(id) {
-                apply_ops.push(node)
-            }
-        }
-
-        let mut diff = Vec::new();
-
-        if debug {
-            println!("cache {:?}", tree_cache);
-        }
-        while let Some(node) = need_revert_ops.pop() {
-            let target = node.target;
-            let old_parent = tree_cache.get_old_parent(node, from);
-            if debug {
-                println!(
-                    "{:?} old parent {:?}   lamport {}",
-                    target, old_parent, node.lamport
-                );
-            }
-            diff.push((target, old_parent));
-        }
-        if debug {
-            println!("\nrevert op {:?}", diff);
-        }
-
-        for node in apply_ops {
-            diff.push((node.target, node.parent));
-        }
-        if debug {
-            println!("\ndiff {:?}", diff);
-        }
-
-        Diff::Tree(TreeDelta { diff })
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Default)]
-pub struct TreeParentCache {
-    cache: Cache,
-    visited: FxHashSet<(Lamport, PeerID, Counter)>,
-}
-
-#[derive(Default)]
-struct Cache(FxHashMap<TreeID, BTreeMap<(Lamport, PeerID, Counter), Option<TreeID>>>);
-
-impl core::fmt::Debug for Cache {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter) -> core::fmt::Result {
-        f.write_str("{\n")?;
-        for (k, v) in self.0.iter() {
-            f.write_str(&format!("  {:?}:", k))?;
-            f.write_str("{\n")?;
-            for (k, v) in v.iter() {
-                f.write_str(&format!("    {:?}:{:?}\n", k, v))?;
-            }
-            f.write_str("  }\n")?;
-        }
-        f.write_str("}")?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-impl Deref for Cache {
-    type Target = FxHashMap<TreeID, BTreeMap<(Lamport, PeerID, Counter), Option<TreeID>>>;
-    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
-        &self.0
-    }
-}
-
-impl DerefMut for Cache {
-    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
-        &mut self.0
-    }
-}
-
-impl TreeParentCache {
-    pub(super) fn add_cache(&mut self, node: &CompactTreeNode) -> Result<(), ()> {
-        if self
-            .visited
-            .contains(&(node.lamport, node.peer, node.counter))
-        {
-            return Ok(());
-        }
-        self.visited.insert((node.lamport, node.peer, node.counter));
-        if let Some(parent) = node.parent {
-            let nodes = self.is_ancestor_of(node.target, parent);
-            if !nodes.is_empty() {
-                let (id, n) = nodes
-                    .into_iter()
-                    .map(|n| {
-                        let id = self
-                            .cache
-                            .get(&n)
-                            .and_then(|n| n.last_key_value())
-                            .map(|(k, _)| *k)
-                            .unwrap();
-                        (id, n)
-                    })
-                    .max()
-                    .unwrap();
-                if id > (node.lamport, node.peer, node.counter) {
-                    // the last one will cause cycle move, add new old parent for this lamport time
-                    let len = self.cache.get_mut(&n).unwrap().len();
-                    let p = if len > 1 {
-                        let (_, old_parent) =
-                            self.cache.get(&n).unwrap().iter().rev().nth(1).unwrap();
-                        *old_parent
-                    } else {
-                        DELETED_TREE_ROOT
-                    };
-                    self.cache
-                        .get_mut(&n)
-                        .unwrap()
-                        .insert((node.lamport, node.peer, node.counter), p);
-                    // println!("REMOVE PARENT {:?}", p.unwrap().1)
-                } else {
-                    return Err(());
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        let entry = self
-            .cache
-            .entry(node.target)
-            .or_insert_with(BTreeMap::default);
-        if let Some((_, v)) = entry.last_key_value() {
-            if *v != node.parent {
-                entry.insert((node.lamport, node.peer, node.counter), node.parent);
-            }
-        } else {
-            entry.insert((node.lamport, node.peer, node.counter), node.parent);
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn get_old_parent(&self, node: &CompactTreeNode, from: &VersionVector) -> Option<TreeID> {
-        let mut old_parent = DELETED_TREE_ROOT;
-        if let Some(cache) = self.cache.get(&node.target) {
-            for (id, parent) in cache.iter().rev() {
-                if from.includes_id(ID {
-                    peer: id.1,
-                    counter: id.2,
-                }) && *id < (node.lamport, node.peer, node.counter)
-                {
-                    old_parent = *parent;
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        old_parent
-    }
-
-    fn is_ancestor_of(&self, maybe_ancestor: TreeID, mut node_id: TreeID) -> Vec<TreeID> {
-        if maybe_ancestor == node_id {
-            return vec![node_id];
-        }
-
-        let mut ans = vec![node_id];
-        loop {
-            let parent = self
-                .cache
-                .get(&node_id)
-                .and_then(|n| n.last_key_value())
-                .and_then(|(_, p)| *p);
-
-            match parent {
-                Some(parent_id) if parent_id == maybe_ancestor => return ans,
-                Some(parent_id) if parent_id == node_id => panic!("loop detected"),
-                Some(parent_id) => {
-                    node_id = parent_id;
-                    ans.push(parent_id);
-                }
-                None => return vec![],
-            }
-        }
+        debug_log::debug_log!("lca vv {:?}", lca_vv);
+
+        let mut tree_cache = oplog.tree_parent_cache.lock().unwrap();
+        let diff = tree_cache.diff(from, to, &lca_vv);
+        debug_log::debug_log!("\ndiff {:?}", diff);
+
+        Diff::Tree(diff)
+        // let debug = false;
+
+        // if debug {
+        //     println!("lca vv {:?}", lca_vv);
+        // }
+        // let mut latest_vv = lca_vv.clone();
+        // let mut need_revert_ops = Vec::new();
+        // let mut apply_ops = Vec::new();
+        // for node in self.nodes.iter() {
+        //     let id = ID {
+        //         peer: node.peer,
+        //         counter: node.counter,
+        //     };
+
+        //     if from.includes_id(id) && !lca_vv.includes_id(id) {
+        //         need_revert_ops.push(node);
+        //         latest_vv.set_end(id);
+        //     }
+        //     if to.includes_id(id) && !lca_vv.includes_id(id) {
+        //         apply_ops.push(node)
+        //     }
+        // }
+
+        // let mut diff = Vec::new();
+
+        // if debug {
+        //     println!("cache {:?}", tree_cache);
+        // }
+        // while let Some(node) = need_revert_ops.pop() {
+        //     let target = node.target;
+        //     let old_parent = tree_cache.get_old_parent(node, from);
+        //     if debug {
+        //         println!(
+        //             "{:?} old parent {:?}   lamport {}",
+        //             target, old_parent, node.lamport
+        //         );
+        //     }
+        //     diff.push((target, old_parent));
+        // }
+        // if debug {
+        //     println!("\nrevert op {:?}", diff);
+        // }
+
+        // for node in apply_ops {
+        //     diff.push((node.target, node.parent));
+        // }
+        // if debug {
+        //     println!("\ndiff {:?}", diff);
+        // }
+
+        // Diff::Tree(TreeDelta { diff })
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6bafced98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,353 @@
+use std::{
+    collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet},
+    ops::{Deref, DerefMut},
+};
+
+use fxhash::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
+use itertools::Itertools;
+use loro_common::{CounterSpan, IdSpan, TreeID, DELETED_TREE_ROOT, ID};
+
+use crate::{change::Lamport, delta::TreeDelta, version::Frontiers, VersionVector};
+
+use super::CompactTreeNode;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord)]
+pub struct MoveLamportAndID {
+    pub(super) lamport: Lamport,
+    pub(super) id: ID,
+    pub(super) target: TreeID,
+    pub(super) parent: Option<TreeID>,
+    pub(super) effected: bool,
+}
+
+impl core::hash::Hash for MoveLamportAndID {
+    fn hash<H: core::hash::Hasher>(&self, ra_expand_state: &mut H) {
+        let MoveLamportAndID { lamport, id, .. } = self;
+        {
+            lamport.hash(ra_expand_state);
+            id.hash(ra_expand_state);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+pub struct TreeDiffCache {
+    cache: Cache,
+    pending: BTreeSet<MoveLamportAndID>,
+    all_version: VersionVector,
+    current_version: VersionVector,
+}
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+struct Cache(FxHashMap<TreeID, BTreeSet<MoveLamportAndID>>);
+
+impl core::fmt::Debug for Cache {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter) -> core::fmt::Result {
+        f.write_str("{\n")?;
+        for (k, v) in self.0.iter() {
+            f.write_str(&format!("  {:?}:", k))?;
+            f.write_str("{\n")?;
+            for m in v.iter() {
+                f.write_str(&format!("    {:?}\n", m))?;
+            }
+            f.write_str("  }\n")?;
+        }
+        f.write_str("}")?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl Deref for Cache {
+    type Target = FxHashMap<TreeID, BTreeSet<MoveLamportAndID>>;
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        &self.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl DerefMut for Cache {
+    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
+        &mut self.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl CompactTreeNode {
+    fn move_lamport_id(&self) -> MoveLamportAndID {
+        MoveLamportAndID {
+            lamport: self.lamport,
+            id: self.id(),
+            target: self.target,
+            parent: self.parent,
+            effected: true,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn id(&self) -> ID {
+        ID {
+            peer: self.peer,
+            counter: self.counter,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl TreeDiffCache {
+    pub(crate) fn add_node(&mut self, node: &CompactTreeNode) {
+        if !self.all_version.includes_id(node.id()) {
+            self.apply(node.move_lamport_id());
+            // assert len == 1
+            self.all_version.set_last(node.id());
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn diff(
+        &mut self,
+        from: &VersionVector,
+        to: &VersionVector,
+        lca: &VersionVector,
+    ) -> TreeDelta {
+        // TODO: calc min max lamport
+        // println!("\nFROM {:?} TO {:?} LCA {:?}", from, to, lca);
+        self.checkout(from, 0, Lamport::MAX);
+        // println!(
+        //     "current vv {:?}  all vv {:?}",
+        //     self.current_version, self.all_version
+        // );
+        self.calc_diff(to, lca)
+    }
+
+    fn calc_diff(&mut self, to: &VersionVector, lca: &VersionVector) -> TreeDelta {
+        let debug = false;
+
+        let mut diff = Vec::new();
+        let revert_ops = self.retreat(lca, 0);
+        for op in revert_ops.iter().sorted().rev() {
+            if op.effected {
+                let old_parent = self.get_parent(op.target);
+                diff.push((op.target, old_parent));
+            }
+        }
+        assert_eq!(&self.current_version, lca);
+        if debug {
+            println!("revert diff {:?}", diff);
+        }
+
+        let apply_ops = self.forward(to, Lamport::MAX);
+        if debug {
+            println!("apply ops {:?}", apply_ops);
+        }
+        for op in apply_ops.into_iter() {
+            let effected = self.apply(op);
+            if effected {
+                diff.push((op.target, op.parent))
+            }
+        }
+        if debug {
+            println!("diff {:?}", diff);
+        }
+
+        TreeDelta { diff }
+    }
+
+    // return true if it can be effected
+    fn apply(&mut self, mut node: MoveLamportAndID) -> bool {
+        let mut ans = true;
+
+        if node.parent.is_some() && self.is_ancestor_of(node.target, node.parent.unwrap()) {
+            ans = false;
+        }
+        node.effected = ans;
+        self.cache
+            .entry(node.target)
+            .or_insert_with(Default::default)
+            .insert(node);
+        self.current_version.set_last(node.id);
+        ans
+    }
+
+    fn checkout(&mut self, vv: &VersionVector, min_lamport: Lamport, max_lamport: Lamport) {
+        if vv == &self.current_version {
+            return;
+        }
+        let _retreat_ops = self.retreat(vv, min_lamport);
+        let apply_ops = self.forward(vv, max_lamport);
+        for op in apply_ops {
+            let _effected = self.apply(op);
+        }
+        self.current_version = vv.clone();
+    }
+
+    fn forward(&mut self, vv: &VersionVector, max_lamport: Lamport) -> Vec<MoveLamportAndID> {
+        let mut apply_ops = Vec::new();
+        // remove ops from pending, and then apply to cache
+        for op in self.pending.iter().copied() {
+            if op.lamport > max_lamport {
+                break;
+            }
+            if vv.includes_id(op.id) {
+                apply_ops.push(op);
+            }
+        }
+        for op in apply_ops.iter() {
+            self.pending.remove(op);
+        }
+        apply_ops
+    }
+
+    fn retreat(&mut self, vv: &VersionVector, min_lamport: Lamport) -> Vec<MoveLamportAndID> {
+        // remove ops from cache, and then insert to pending
+        let mut retreat_ops = Vec::new();
+        for (_, ops) in self.cache.iter() {
+            for op in ops.iter().rev() {
+                if op.lamport < min_lamport {
+                    break;
+                }
+                if !vv.includes_id(op.id) {
+                    retreat_ops.push(*op)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        // TODO: perf
+        for op in retreat_ops.iter() {
+            self.cache.get_mut(&op.target).unwrap().remove(op);
+            self.pending.insert(*op);
+            self.current_version.shrink_to_exclude(IdSpan {
+                client_id: op.id.peer,
+                counter: CounterSpan::new(op.id.counter, op.id.counter + 1),
+            })
+        }
+        retreat_ops
+    }
+
+    fn get_parent(&self, tree_id: TreeID) -> Option<TreeID> {
+        if tree_id == DELETED_TREE_ROOT.unwrap() {
+            return None;
+        }
+        let mut ans = DELETED_TREE_ROOT;
+        for op in self.cache.get(&tree_id).unwrap().iter().rev() {
+            if op.effected {
+                ans = op.parent;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        ans
+    }
+
+    fn is_ancestor_of(&self, maybe_ancestor: TreeID, mut node_id: TreeID) -> bool {
+        if maybe_ancestor == node_id {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        loop {
+            let parent = self.get_parent(node_id);
+            match parent {
+                Some(parent_id) if parent_id == maybe_ancestor => return true,
+                Some(parent_id) if parent_id == node_id => panic!("loop detected"),
+                Some(parent_id) => {
+                    node_id = parent_id;
+                }
+                None => return false,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// impl TreeParentCache {
+//     pub(super) fn add_node(&mut self, node: &CompactTreeNode) -> Result<(), ()> {
+//         let lamport_id = node.lamport_id();
+//         if self.visited.contains(&lamport_id) {
+//             return Ok(());
+//         }
+//         self.visited.insert(lamport_id);
+//         if let Some(parent) = node.parent {
+//             let nodes = self.is_ancestor_of(node.target, parent);
+//             if !nodes.is_empty() {
+//                 let (id, n) = nodes
+//                     .into_iter()
+//                     .map(|n| {
+//                         let id = self
+//                             .cache
+//                             .get(&n)
+//                             .and_then(|n| n.last_key_value())
+//                             .map(|(k, _)| *k)
+//                             .unwrap();
+//                         (id, n)
+//                     })
+//                     .max()
+//                     .unwrap();
+//                 if id > (node.lamport, node.peer, node.counter) {
+//                     // the last one will cause cycle move, add new old parent for this lamport time
+//                     let len = self.cache.get_mut(&n).unwrap().len();
+//                     let p = if len > 1 {
+//                         let (_, old_parent) =
+//                             self.cache.get(&n).unwrap().iter().rev().nth(1).unwrap();
+//                         *old_parent
+//                     } else {
+//                         DELETED_TREE_ROOT
+//                     };
+//                     self.cache
+//                         .get_mut(&n)
+//                         .unwrap()
+//                         .insert((node.lamport, node.peer, node.counter), p);
+//                     // println!("REMOVE PARENT {:?}", p.unwrap().1)
+//                 } else {
+//                     return Err(());
+//                 }
+//             }
+//         }
+
+//         let entry = self
+//             .cache
+//             .entry(node.target)
+//             .or_insert_with(BTreeMap::default);
+//         if let Some((_, v)) = entry.last_key_value() {
+//             if *v != node.parent {
+//                 entry.insert((node.lamport, node.peer, node.counter), node.parent);
+//             }
+//         } else {
+//             entry.insert((node.lamport, node.peer, node.counter), node.parent);
+//         }
+
+//         Ok(())
+//     }
+
+//     fn get_old_parent(&self, node: &CompactTreeNode, from: &VersionVector) -> Option<TreeID> {
+//         let mut old_parent = DELETED_TREE_ROOT;
+//         if let Some(cache) = self.cache.get(&node.target) {
+//             for (id, parent) in cache.iter().rev() {
+//                 if from.includes_id(ID {
+//                     peer: id.1,
+//                     counter: id.2,
+//                 }) && *id < (node.lamport, node.peer, node.counter)
+//                 {
+//                     old_parent = *parent;
+//                     break;
+//                 }
+//             }
+//         }
+//         old_parent
+//     }
+
+//     fn is_ancestor_of(&self, maybe_ancestor: TreeID, mut node_id: TreeID) -> Vec<TreeID> {
+//         if maybe_ancestor == node_id {
+//             return vec![node_id];
+//         }
+
+//         let mut ans = vec![node_id];
+//         loop {
+//             let parent = self
+//                 .cache
+//                 .get(&node_id)
+//                 .and_then(|n| n.last_key_value())
+//                 .and_then(|(_, p)| *p);
+
+//             match parent {
+//                 Some(parent_id) if parent_id == maybe_ancestor => return ans,
+//                 Some(parent_id) if parent_id == node_id => panic!("loop detected"),
+//                 Some(parent_id) => {
+//                     node_id = parent_id;
+//                     ans.push(parent_id);
+//                 }
+//                 None => return vec![],
+//             }
+//         }
+//     }
+// }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz.rs
index c5a5dcbb0..c6ec57dae 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 pub mod recursive_refactored;
+pub mod tree;
 
 use crate::{array_mut_ref, loro::LoroDoc};
 use debug_log::debug_log;
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
index 1d13f33f3..66bbcf9c9 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use arbitrary::Arbitrary;
 use debug_log::debug_dbg;
 use enum_as_inner::EnumAsInner;
 use fxhash::FxHashMap;
-use loro_common::{LoroError, TreeID, ID};
+use loro_common::ID;
 use tabled::{TableIteratorExt, Tabled};
 
 #[allow(unused_imports)]
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ use crate::{
     ContainerType, LoroValue,
 };
 use crate::{
-    container::idx::ContainerIdx, handler::TreeHandler, loro::LoroDoc, state::Forest,
-    value::ToJson, version::Frontiers, ApplyDiff, ListHandler, MapHandler, TextHandler,
+    container::idx::ContainerIdx, loro::LoroDoc, value::ToJson, version::Frontiers, ApplyDiff,
+    ListHandler, MapHandler, TextHandler,
 };
 
 #[derive(Arbitrary, EnumAsInner, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
@@ -35,19 +35,12 @@ pub enum Action {
         key: u8,
         value: FuzzValue,
     },
-    // Text {
-    //     site: u8,
-    //     container_idx: u8,
-    //     pos: u8,
-    //     value: u16,
-    //     is_del: bool,
-    // },
-    Tree {
+    Text {
         site: u8,
         container_idx: u8,
-        action: TreeAction,
-        target: (u64, i32),
-        parent: (u64, i32),
+        pos: u8,
+        value: u16,
+        is_del: bool,
     },
     Sync {
         from: u8,
@@ -56,23 +49,6 @@ pub enum Action {
     SyncAll,
 }
 
-#[derive(Arbitrary, EnumAsInner, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub enum TreeAction {
-    Create,
-    Move,
-    Delete,
-}
-
-impl Debug for TreeAction {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        match self {
-            TreeAction::Create => f.write_str("TreeAction::Create"),
-            TreeAction::Move => f.write_str("TreeAction::Move"),
-            TreeAction::Delete => f.write_str("TreeAction::Delete"),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 struct Actor {
     peer: PeerID,
     loro: LoroDoc,
@@ -80,11 +56,9 @@ struct Actor {
     map_tracker: Arc<Mutex<FxHashMap<String, LoroValue>>>,
     list_tracker: Arc<Mutex<Vec<LoroValue>>>,
     text_tracker: Arc<Mutex<String>>,
-    tree_tracker: Arc<Mutex<FxHashMap<TreeID, Option<TreeID>>>>,
     map_containers: Vec<MapHandler>,
     list_containers: Vec<ListHandler>,
     text_containers: Vec<TextHandler>,
-    tree_containers: Vec<TreeHandler>,
     history: FxHashMap<Vec<ID>, LoroValue>,
 }
 
@@ -99,11 +73,9 @@ impl Actor {
             map_tracker: Default::default(),
             list_tracker: Default::default(),
             text_tracker: Default::default(),
-            tree_tracker: Default::default(),
             map_containers: Default::default(),
             list_containers: Default::default(),
             text_containers: Default::default(),
-            tree_containers: Default::default(),
             history: Default::default(),
         };
 
@@ -148,25 +120,6 @@ impl Actor {
             }),
         );
 
-        let tree = Arc::clone(&actor.tree_tracker);
-        actor.loro.subscribe(
-            &ContainerID::new_root("tree", ContainerType::Tree),
-            Arc::new(move |event| {
-                if event.from_children {
-                    return;
-                }
-                let mut tree = tree.lock().unwrap();
-                if let Diff::Tree(tree_delta) = &event.container.diff {
-                    for (key, value) in tree_delta.diff.iter() {
-                        tree.insert(*key, *value);
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    debug_dbg!(&event.container);
-                    unreachable!()
-                }
-            }),
-        );
-
         let map = Arc::clone(&actor.map_tracker);
         actor.loro.subscribe(
             &ContainerID::new_root("map", ContainerType::Map),
@@ -234,9 +187,6 @@ impl Actor {
             .list_containers
             .push(actor.loro.txn().unwrap().get_list("list"));
         actor
-            .tree_containers
-            .push(actor.loro.txn().unwrap().get_tree("tree"));
-        actor
     }
 
     fn record_history(&mut self) {
@@ -302,39 +252,19 @@ impl Tabled for Action {
                 format!("{}", key).into(),
                 format!("{:?}", value).into(),
             ],
-            // Action::Text {
-            //     site,
-            //     container_idx,
-            //     pos,
-            //     value,
-            //     is_del,
-            // } => vec![
-            //     "text".into(),
-            //     format!("{}", site).into(),
-            //     format!("{}", container_idx).into(),
-            //     format!("{}", pos).into(),
-            //     format!("{}{}", if *is_del { "Delete " } else { "" }, value).into(),
-            // ],
-            Action::Tree {
+            Action::Text {
                 site,
                 container_idx,
-                action,
-                target,
-                parent,
-            } => {
-                let action_str = match action {
-                    TreeAction::Create => "Create".to_string(),
-                    TreeAction::Move => format!("Move to {parent:?}"),
-                    TreeAction::Delete => "Delete".to_string(),
-                };
-                vec![
-                    "tree".into(),
-                    format!("{}", site).into(),
-                    format!("{}", container_idx).into(),
-                    action_str.into(),
-                    format!("{:?}", target).into(),
-                ]
-            }
+                pos,
+                value,
+                is_del,
+            } => vec![
+                "text".into(),
+                format!("{}", site).into(),
+                format!("{}", container_idx).into(),
+                format!("{}", pos).into(),
+                format!("{}{}", if *is_del { "Delete " } else { "" }, value).into(),
+            ],
         }
     }
 
@@ -366,9 +296,7 @@ impl Actor {
             ContainerType::List => self
                 .list_containers
                 .push(ListHandler::new(idx, Arc::downgrade(self.loro.app_state()))),
-            ContainerType::Tree => self
-                .tree_containers
-                .push(TreeHandler::new(idx, Arc::downgrade(self.loro.app_state()))),
+            ContainerType::Tree => unreachable!(),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -385,68 +313,6 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<Actor> {
                 }
             }
             Action::SyncAll => {}
-            Action::Tree {
-                site,
-                container_idx,
-                target: (target_peer, target_counter),
-                parent: (parent_peer, parent_counter),
-                action,
-            } => {
-                *site %= max_users;
-                *container_idx %= self[*site as usize].tree_containers.len().max(1) as u8;
-                if let Some(tree) = self[*site as usize]
-                    .tree_containers
-                    .get(*container_idx as usize)
-                {
-                    let nodes = tree.nodes();
-                    let tree_num = nodes.len();
-                    let mut max_counter_mapping = FxHashMap::default();
-                    for TreeID { peer, counter } in nodes.clone() {
-                        if let Some(c) = max_counter_mapping.get_mut(&peer) {
-                            *c = counter.max(*c);
-                        } else {
-                            max_counter_mapping.insert(peer, counter);
-                        }
-                    }
-                    if tree_num == 0 || tree_num < 2 && matches!(action, TreeAction::Move) {
-                        *action = TreeAction::Create;
-                    } else if tree_num >= 255 && matches!(action, TreeAction::Create) {
-                        *action = TreeAction::Move;
-                    }
-
-                    match action {
-                        TreeAction::Create => {
-                            let actor = &mut self[*site as usize];
-                            let txn = actor.loro.txn().unwrap();
-                            let id = txn.next_id();
-                            *target_peer = id.peer;
-                            *target_counter = id.counter;
-                        }
-                        TreeAction::Move => {
-                            let target_idx = *target_peer as usize % tree_num;
-                            let mut parent_idx = *parent_peer as usize % tree_num;
-                            while target_idx == parent_idx {
-                                parent_idx = (parent_idx + 1) % tree_num;
-                            }
-                            *target_peer = nodes[target_idx].peer;
-                            *target_counter = nodes[target_idx].counter;
-                            *parent_peer = nodes[parent_idx].peer;
-                            *parent_counter = nodes[parent_idx].counter;
-                        }
-                        TreeAction::Delete => {
-                            let target_idx = *target_peer as usize % tree_num;
-                            *target_peer = nodes[target_idx].peer;
-                            *target_counter = nodes[target_idx].counter;
-                        }
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    *target_peer = *site as u64;
-                    *target_counter = 0;
-                    *parent_peer = 0;
-                    *parent_counter = 0;
-                    *action = TreeAction::Create;
-                }
-            }
             Action::Map {
                 site,
                 container_idx,
@@ -478,29 +344,30 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<Actor> {
                     }
                     *key = 0;
                 }
-            } // Action::Text {
-              //     site,
-              //     container_idx,
-              //     pos,
-              //     value,
-              //     is_del,
-              // } => {
-              //     *site %= max_users;
-              //     *container_idx %= self[*site as usize].text_containers.len().max(1) as u8;
-              //     if let Some(text) = self[*site as usize]
-              //         .text_containers
-              //         .get(*container_idx as usize)
-              //     {
-              //         *pos %= (text.len_unicode() as u8).max(1);
-              //         if *is_del {
-              //             *value &= 0x1f;
-              //             *value = (*value).min(text.len_unicode() as u16 - (*pos) as u16);
-              //         }
-              //     } else {
-              //         *is_del = false;
-              //         *pos = 0;
-              //     }
-              // }
+            }
+            Action::Text {
+                site,
+                container_idx,
+                pos,
+                value,
+                is_del,
+            } => {
+                *site %= max_users;
+                *container_idx %= self[*site as usize].text_containers.len().max(1) as u8;
+                if let Some(text) = self[*site as usize]
+                    .text_containers
+                    .get(*container_idx as usize)
+                {
+                    *pos %= (text.len_unicode() as u8).max(1);
+                    if *is_del {
+                        *value &= 0x1f;
+                        *value = (*value).min(text.len_unicode() as u16 - (*pos) as u16);
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    *is_del = false;
+                    *pos = 0;
+                }
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -518,9 +385,6 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<Actor> {
                 a.text_containers.iter().for_each(|x| {
                     visited.insert(x.id());
                 });
-                a.tree_containers.iter().for_each(|x| {
-                    visited.insert(x.id());
-                });
 
                 a.loro
                     .import(&b.loro.export_from(&a.loro.oplog_vv()))
@@ -554,13 +418,6 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<Actor> {
                         a.text_containers.push(a.loro.txn().unwrap().get_text(id))
                     }
                 });
-                b.tree_containers.iter().for_each(|x| {
-                    let id = x.id();
-                    if !visited.contains(&id) {
-                        visited.insert(id.clone());
-                        a.tree_containers.push(a.loro.txn().unwrap().get_tree(id))
-                    }
-                });
 
                 b.map_containers = a
                     .map_containers
@@ -577,11 +434,6 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<Actor> {
                     .iter()
                     .map(|x| b.loro.get_text(x.id()))
                     .collect();
-                b.tree_containers = a
-                    .tree_containers
-                    .iter()
-                    .map(|x| b.loro.get_tree(x.id()))
-                    .collect();
             }
             Action::SyncAll => {
                 let mut visited = HashSet::new();
@@ -595,9 +447,6 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<Actor> {
                 a.text_containers.iter().for_each(|x| {
                     visited.insert(x.id());
                 });
-                a.tree_containers.iter().for_each(|x| {
-                    visited.insert(x.id());
-                });
 
                 for i in 1..self.len() {
                     let (a, b) = array_mut_ref!(self, [0, i]);
@@ -625,13 +474,6 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<Actor> {
                             a.text_containers.push(a.loro.get_text(id))
                         }
                     });
-                    b.tree_containers.iter().for_each(|x| {
-                        let id = x.id();
-                        if !visited.contains(&id) {
-                            visited.insert(id.clone());
-                            a.tree_containers.push(a.loro.get_tree(id))
-                        }
-                    });
                 }
 
                 for i in 1..self.len() {
@@ -654,11 +496,6 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<Actor> {
                         .iter()
                         .map(|x| b.loro.get_text(x.id()))
                         .collect();
-                    b.tree_containers = a
-                        .tree_containers
-                        .iter()
-                        .map(|x| b.loro.get_tree(x.id()))
-                        .collect();
                 }
 
                 self[1].record_history();
@@ -741,93 +578,32 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<Actor> {
                     actor.record_history();
                 }
             }
-            // Action::Text {
-            //     site,
-            //     container_idx,
-            //     pos,
-            //     value,
-            //     is_del,
-            // } => {
-            //     let actor = &mut self[*site as usize];
-            //     let container = actor.text_containers.get_mut(*container_idx as usize);
-            //     let container = if let Some(container) = container {
-            //         container
-            //     } else {
-            //         let text = actor.loro.get_text("text");
-            //         actor.text_containers.push(text);
-            //         &mut actor.text_containers[0]
-            //     };
-            //     let mut txn = actor.loro.txn().unwrap();
-            //     if *is_del {
-            //         container
-            //             .delete(&mut txn, *pos as usize, *value as usize)
-            //             .unwrap();
-            //     } else {
-            //         container
-            //             .insert(&mut txn, *pos as usize, &(format!("[{}]", value)))
-            //             .unwrap();
-            //     }
-            //     drop(txn);
-            //     if actor.peer == 1 {
-            //         actor.record_history();
-            //     }
-            // }
-            Action::Tree {
+            Action::Text {
                 site,
                 container_idx,
-                action,
-                target: (target_peer, target_counter),
-                parent: (parent_peer, parent_counter),
+                pos,
+                value,
+                is_del,
             } => {
                 let actor = &mut self[*site as usize];
-                let container = actor.tree_containers.get_mut(*container_idx as usize);
+                let container = actor.text_containers.get_mut(*container_idx as usize);
                 let container = if let Some(container) = container {
                     container
                 } else {
-                    let tree = actor.loro.get_tree("tree");
-                    actor.tree_containers.push(tree);
-                    &mut actor.tree_containers[0]
+                    let text = actor.loro.get_text("text");
+                    actor.text_containers.push(text);
+                    &mut actor.text_containers[0]
                 };
                 let mut txn = actor.loro.txn().unwrap();
-
-                match action {
-                    TreeAction::Create => {
-                        container.create(&mut txn).unwrap();
-                    }
-                    TreeAction::Move => {
-                        match container.mov(
-                            &mut txn,
-                            TreeID {
-                                peer: *target_peer,
-                                counter: *target_counter,
-                            },
-                            TreeID {
-                                peer: *parent_peer,
-                                counter: *parent_counter,
-                            },
-                        ) {
-                            Ok(_) => {}
-                            Err(err) => {
-                                // TODO: cycle move
-                                if !matches!(err, LoroError::CyclicMoveError) {
-                                    panic!("{}", err)
-                                }
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                    TreeAction::Delete => {
-                        container
-                            .delete(
-                                &mut txn,
-                                TreeID {
-                                    peer: *target_peer,
-                                    counter: *target_counter,
-                                },
-                            )
-                            .unwrap();
-                    }
+                if *is_del {
+                    container
+                        .delete(&mut txn, *pos as usize, *value as usize)
+                        .unwrap();
+                } else {
+                    container
+                        .insert(&mut txn, *pos as usize, &(format!("[{}]", value)))
+                        .unwrap();
                 }
-
                 drop(txn);
                 if actor.peer == 1 {
                     actor.record_history();
@@ -843,7 +619,7 @@ fn assert_value_eq(a: &LoroValue, b: &LoroValue) {
         (LoroValue::Map(a), LoroValue::Map(b)) => {
             for (k, v) in a.iter() {
                 let is_empty = match v {
-                    LoroValue::String(s) => s.is_empty() || s.as_str() == "[]",
+                    LoroValue::String(s) => s.is_empty(),
                     LoroValue::List(l) => l.is_empty(),
                     LoroValue::Map(m) => m.is_empty(),
                     _ => false,
@@ -856,7 +632,7 @@ fn assert_value_eq(a: &LoroValue, b: &LoroValue) {
 
             for (k, v) in b.iter() {
                 let is_empty = match v {
-                    LoroValue::String(s) => s.is_empty() || s.as_str() == "[]",
+                    LoroValue::String(s) => s.is_empty(),
                     LoroValue::List(l) => l.is_empty(),
                     LoroValue::Map(m) => m.is_empty(),
                     _ => false,
@@ -900,10 +676,6 @@ fn check_eq(a_actor: &mut Actor, b_actor: &mut Actor) {
         &**value_a.as_list().unwrap(),
         &*a_actor.list_tracker.lock().unwrap(),
     );
-    let a = a_doc.get_tree("tree");
-    let value_a = a.get_value();
-    let forest = Forest::from_tree_state(&a_actor.tree_tracker.lock().unwrap());
-    assert_eq!(&**value_a.as_string().unwrap(), &forest.to_json(),);
 }
 
 fn check_synced(sites: &mut [Actor]) {
@@ -945,8 +717,6 @@ fn check_history(actor: &mut Actor) {
     assert!(!actor.history.is_empty());
     for (c, (f, v)) in actor.history.iter().enumerate() {
         let f = Frontiers::from(f);
-        // println!("\nfrom {:?} checkout {:?}", actor.loro.oplog_vv(), f);
-        // println!("before state {:?}", actor.loro.get_deep_value());
         actor.loro.checkout(&f).unwrap();
         let actual = actor.loro.get_deep_value();
         assert_eq!(v, &actual, "Version mismatched at {:?}, cnt={}", f, c);
@@ -1009,7 +779,6 @@ mod failed_tests {
     use super::test_multi_sites;
     use super::Action;
     use super::Action::*;
-    use super::FuzzValue;
     use super::FuzzValue::*;
     use arbtest::arbitrary::{self, Unstructured};
 
@@ -1176,101 +945,802 @@ mod failed_tests {
         );
     }
 
-    use super::TreeAction;
-
     #[test]
-    fn tree() {
+    fn fuzz_2() {
         test_multi_sites(
             5,
-            &mut vec![
-                List {
+            &mut [
+                Map {
                     site: 0,
                     container_idx: 0,
-                    key: 45,
-                    value: I32(1751657023),
-                },
-                Tree {
-                    site: 128,
-                    container_idx: 128,
-                    action: TreeAction::Move,
-                    target: (9259542123273814144, -2139062144),
-                    parent: (396272614309760, -1835887982),
-                },
-                Tree {
-                    site: 146,
-                    container_idx: 146,
-                    action: TreeAction::Move,
-                    target: (10561665234359194258, -1835887982),
-                    parent: (4611565701672637074, -1835887982),
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: I32(1616928864),
                 },
-                Map {
-                    site: 109,
-                    container_idx: 146,
-                    key: 146,
-                    value: I32(-1835887982),
+                List {
+                    site: 96,
+                    container_idx: 96,
+                    key: 96,
+                    value: I32(1616928864),
+                },
+                List {
+                    site: 96,
+                    container_idx: 96,
+                    key: 96,
+                    value: I32(1616928864),
+                },
+                List {
+                    site: 96,
+                    container_idx: 96,
+                    key: 96,
+                    value: Container(C::Text),
+                },
+                List {
+                    site: 55,
+                    container_idx: 55,
+                    key: 55,
+                    value: Null,
                 },
                 SyncAll,
-                Tree {
-                    site: 50,
-                    container_idx: 50,
-                    action: TreeAction::Move,
-                    target: (10561664796272530066, -1842703726),
-                    parent: (10561665234359194258, -1835887982),
-                },
-                Tree {
-                    site: 146,
-                    container_idx: 50,
-                    action: TreeAction::Move,
-                    target: (10532954786734707346, -1835887982),
-                    parent: (7523544104899215488, 92264),
-                },
-                Tree {
-                    site: 146,
-                    container_idx: 146,
-                    action: TreeAction::Move,
-                    target: (10561665234359194257, -1835887982),
-                    parent: (71825597094072978, 708796507),
-                },
-                Tree {
-                    site: 128,
-                    container_idx: 128,
-                    action: TreeAction::Move,
-                    target: (9259542123273814063, -2139062144),
-                    parent: (7523377977694912640, -1835925503),
-                },
-                Tree {
-                    site: 146,
-                    container_idx: 146,
-                    action: TreeAction::Move,
-                    target: (10561665234359194258, -1835887982),
-                    parent: (10561665234359194258, -1835909121),
-                },
-                Tree {
+                List {
+                    site: 55,
+                    container_idx: 64,
+                    key: 53,
+                    value: Null,
+                },
+                List {
+                    site: 56,
+                    container_idx: 56,
+                    key: 56,
+                    value: Container(C::Text),
+                },
+                List {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: Null,
+                },
+                List {
+                    site: 64,
+                    container_idx: 64,
+                    key: 64,
+                    value: I32(1616928864),
+                },
+                List {
+                    site: 96,
+                    container_idx: 96,
+                    key: 96,
+                    value: I32(1616928864),
+                },
+                List {
+                    site: 96,
+                    container_idx: 96,
+                    key: 255,
+                    value: I32(7),
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 97,
+                    container_idx: 225,
+                    pos: 97,
+                    value: 24929,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+            ],
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn notify_causal_order_check() {
+        test_multi_sites(
+            5,
+            &mut [
+                Text {
                     site: 1,
                     container_idx: 0,
-                    action: TreeAction::Move,
-                    target: (10561665234359194258, 1073713810),
-                    parent: (395994148803218, 1704104557),
+                    pos: 0,
+                    value: 38912,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Map {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: Null,
+                },
+                Map {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: Null,
+                },
+                Map {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: Null,
+                },
+                Map {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: Null,
+                },
+                Map {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: Null,
+                },
+                Map {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: Null,
+                },
+                Map {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 138,
+                    value: Container(C::List),
+                },
+                List {
+                    site: 4,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: I32(1),
+                },
+                List {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: Container(C::List),
+                },
+                SyncAll,
+            ],
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test() {
+        arbtest::builder()
+            .budget_ms((100 * PROPTEST_FACTOR_10 * PROPTEST_FACTOR_10) as u64)
+            .run(|u| prop(u, 2))
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_3sites() {
+        arbtest::builder()
+            .budget_ms((100 * PROPTEST_FACTOR_10 * PROPTEST_FACTOR_10) as u64)
+            .run(|u| prop(u, 3))
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn obs() {
+        test_multi_sites(
+            2,
+            &mut [List {
+                site: 1,
+                container_idx: 255,
+                key: 255,
+                value: Container(C::List),
+            }],
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn obs_text() {
+        test_multi_sites(
+            5,
+            &mut [Text {
+                site: 0,
+                container_idx: 0,
+                pos: 0,
+                value: 13756,
+                is_del: false,
+            }],
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn obs_map() {
+        test_multi_sites(
+            5,
+            &mut [
+                Map {
+                    site: 225,
+                    container_idx: 233,
+                    key: 234,
+                    value: Container(C::Map),
                 },
-                Tree {
-                    site: 146,
-                    container_idx: 146,
-                    action: TreeAction::Move,
-                    target: (10561664787682595474, -1835887982),
-                    parent: (4611565701672637074, 848466578),
+                Map {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 233,
+                    key: 233,
+                    value: I32(16777215),
                 },
             ],
         )
     }
 
-    use super::ContainerType as C;
     #[test]
-    fn to_minify() {
-        minify_error(5, vec![], test_multi_sites, normalize)
+    fn deleted_container() {
+        test_multi_sites(
+            5,
+            &mut [
+                Map {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: Container(C::List),
+                },
+                SyncAll,
+                List {
+                    site: 4,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: I32(-1734829928),
+                },
+                Map {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: Null,
+                },
+            ],
+        )
     }
 
-    #[ctor::ctor]
-    fn init_color_backtrace() {
-        color_backtrace::install();
+    #[test]
+    fn should_notify() {
+        test_multi_sites(
+            5,
+            &mut [
+                Map {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: Container(C::Text),
+                },
+                Map {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: Null,
+                },
+                SyncAll,
+                Text {
+                    site: 4,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 0,
+                    value: 39064,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+            ],
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn hierarchy() {
+        test_multi_sites(
+            5,
+            &mut [
+                Map {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 255,
+                    value: Container(C::Text),
+                },
+                Map {
+                    site: 3,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 255,
+                    value: Container(C::Text),
+                },
+                SyncAll,
+                Text {
+                    site: 2,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 0,
+                    value: 39064,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 4,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 0,
+                    value: 39064,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+            ],
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn apply_directly() {
+        test_multi_sites(
+            5,
+            &mut [
+                Map {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: Container(C::Text),
+                },
+                Map {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: Null,
+                },
+                SyncAll,
+                Text {
+                    site: 4,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 0,
+                    value: 39064,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 2,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 0,
+                    value: 39064,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                SyncAll,
+                Text {
+                    site: 2,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 5,
+                    value: 39064,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+            ],
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn find_path_for_deleted_container() {
+        test_multi_sites(
+            5,
+            &mut [
+                Map {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: Container(C::Map),
+                },
+                SyncAll,
+                Map {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: Container(C::List),
+                },
+                Map {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 1,
+                    key: 255,
+                    value: Container(C::List),
+                },
+                Map {
+                    site: 4,
+                    container_idx: 1,
+                    key: 9,
+                    value: Null,
+                },
+            ],
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn list_unknown() {
+        test_multi_sites(
+            5,
+            &mut [
+                List {
+                    site: 139,
+                    container_idx: 133,
+                    key: 32,
+                    value: Container(C::Text),
+                },
+                List {
+                    site: 166,
+                    container_idx: 127,
+                    key: 207,
+                    value: Null,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 203,
+                    container_idx: 105,
+                    pos: 87,
+                    value: 52649,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                List {
+                    site: 122,
+                    container_idx: 137,
+                    key: 41,
+                    value: Container(C::List),
+                },
+            ],
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn path_issue() {
+        test_multi_sites(
+            5,
+            &mut [
+                List {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: Container(C::List),
+                },
+                List {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 1,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: Container(C::List),
+                },
+                List {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: Container(C::List),
+                },
+            ],
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn unknown_1() {
+        test_multi_sites(
+            5,
+            &mut [
+                SyncAll,
+                Map {
+                    site: 32,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 110,
+                    value: Null,
+                },
+                SyncAll,
+                List {
+                    site: 90,
+                    container_idx: 90,
+                    key: 90,
+                    value: I32(5921392),
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 92,
+                    container_idx: 140,
+                    pos: 0,
+                    value: 0,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                SyncAll,
+            ],
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn cannot_skip_ops_from_deleted_container_due_to_this_case() {
+        test_multi_sites(
+            5,
+            &mut [
+                List {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: Container(C::List),
+                },
+                Map {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 2,
+                    value: Container(C::List),
+                },
+                SyncAll,
+                Map {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 255,
+                    value: Container(C::List),
+                },
+                SyncAll,
+                Map {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 255,
+                    value: Container(C::List),
+                },
+                List {
+                    site: 3,
+                    container_idx: 3,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: Container(C::List),
+                },
+                List {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 3,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: Container(C::List),
+                },
+                SyncAll,
+                List {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 3,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: Container(C::Map),
+                },
+                List {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 3,
+                    key: 1,
+                    value: Container(C::Map),
+                },
+            ],
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn map_apply() {
+        test_multi_sites(
+            5,
+            &mut [
+                Text {
+                    site: 2,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 0,
+                    value: 39064,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                List {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: Container(C::Map),
+                },
+                Map {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 1,
+                    key: 255,
+                    value: Container(C::Map),
+                },
+            ],
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn maybe_because_of_hierarchy() {
+        test_multi_sites(
+            5,
+            &mut [
+                List {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: Container(C::Text),
+                },
+                List {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: Container(C::Text),
+                },
+                Sync { from: 1, to: 2 },
+                List {
+                    site: 2,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: Null,
+                },
+                Sync { from: 1, to: 2 },
+                Text {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 2,
+                    pos: 0,
+                    value: 45232,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+            ],
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn checkout_error() {
+        test_multi_sites(
+            2,
+            &mut [
+                Map {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: Null,
+                },
+                List {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: I32(1),
+                },
+                List {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: Container(C::List),
+                },
+            ],
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn unknown() {
+        test_multi_sites(
+            5,
+            &mut [
+                Text {
+                    site: 2,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 0,
+                    value: 39064,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 2,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 5,
+                    value: 152,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Sync { from: 2, to: 3 },
+                Text {
+                    site: 3,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 10,
+                    value: 2,
+                    is_del: true,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 2,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 0,
+                    value: 39064,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Sync { from: 2, to: 3 },
+                Text {
+                    site: 2,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 16,
+                    value: 39064,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 2,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 8,
+                    value: 39064,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 2,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 28,
+                    value: 39064,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 2,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 0,
+                    value: 39064,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 2,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 41,
+                    value: 45232,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Sync { from: 1, to: 2 },
+                Text {
+                    site: 2,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 48,
+                    value: 39064,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                List {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: I32(-1734829928),
+                },
+            ],
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn list_slice_err() {
+        test_multi_sites(
+            5,
+            &mut [
+                Map {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: Container(C::List),
+                },
+                Map {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: Container(C::Map),
+                },
+                SyncAll,
+                Map {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 1,
+                    key: 37,
+                    value: Null,
+                },
+            ],
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn utf16_err() {
+        test_multi_sites(
+            5,
+            &mut [
+                Text {
+                    site: 2,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 0,
+                    value: 39064,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 2,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 1,
+                    value: 2,
+                    is_del: true,
+                },
+            ],
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn merge_err() {
+        test_multi_sites(
+            5,
+            &mut [
+                Text {
+                    site: 2,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 0,
+                    value: 39064,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                SyncAll,
+                Text {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 5,
+                    value: 2,
+                    is_del: true,
+                },
+            ],
+        )
+    }
+
+    use super::ContainerType as C;
+    #[test]
+    fn to_minify() {
+        minify_error(5, vec![], test_multi_sites, normalize)
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2b4eb365a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,1580 @@
+use std::{
+    collections::HashSet,
+    fmt::Debug,
+    sync::{Arc, Mutex},
+};
+
+use arbitrary::Arbitrary;
+use debug_log::debug_dbg;
+use enum_as_inner::EnumAsInner;
+use fxhash::FxHashMap;
+use loro_common::{LoroError, TreeID, DELETED_TREE_ROOT, ID};
+use tabled::{TableIteratorExt, Tabled};
+
+#[allow(unused_imports)]
+use crate::{
+    array_mut_ref, container::ContainerID, delta::DeltaItem, event::Diff, id::PeerID,
+    ContainerType, LoroValue,
+};
+use crate::{
+    container::idx::ContainerIdx, handler::TreeHandler, loro::LoroDoc, state::Forest,
+    value::ToJson, version::Frontiers, ApplyDiff, ListHandler, MapHandler, TextHandler,
+};
+
+#[derive(Arbitrary, EnumAsInner, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
+pub enum Action {
+    // Map {
+    //     site: u8,
+    //     container_idx: u8,
+    //     key: u8,
+    //     value: FuzzValue,
+    // },
+    // List {
+    //     site: u8,
+    //     container_idx: u8,
+    //     key: u8,
+    //     value: FuzzValue,
+    // },
+    // Text {
+    //     site: u8,
+    //     container_idx: u8,
+    //     pos: u8,
+    //     value: u16,
+    //     is_del: bool,
+    // },
+    Tree {
+        site: u8,
+        container_idx: u8,
+        action: TreeAction,
+        target: (u64, i32),
+        parent: (u64, i32),
+    },
+    Sync {
+        from: u8,
+        to: u8,
+    },
+    SyncAll,
+}
+
+#[derive(Arbitrary, EnumAsInner, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum TreeAction {
+    Create,
+    Move,
+    Delete,
+}
+
+impl Debug for TreeAction {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            TreeAction::Create => f.write_str("TreeAction::Create"),
+            TreeAction::Move => f.write_str("TreeAction::Move"),
+            TreeAction::Delete => f.write_str("TreeAction::Delete"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+struct Actor {
+    peer: PeerID,
+    loro: LoroDoc,
+    value_tracker: Arc<Mutex<LoroValue>>,
+    map_tracker: Arc<Mutex<FxHashMap<String, LoroValue>>>,
+    list_tracker: Arc<Mutex<Vec<LoroValue>>>,
+    text_tracker: Arc<Mutex<String>>,
+    tree_tracker: Arc<Mutex<FxHashMap<TreeID, Option<TreeID>>>>,
+    map_containers: Vec<MapHandler>,
+    list_containers: Vec<ListHandler>,
+    text_containers: Vec<TextHandler>,
+    tree_containers: Vec<TreeHandler>,
+    history: FxHashMap<Vec<ID>, LoroValue>,
+}
+
+impl Actor {
+    fn new(id: PeerID) -> Self {
+        let app = LoroDoc::new();
+        app.set_peer_id(id);
+        let mut default_tree_tracker = FxHashMap::default();
+        default_tree_tracker.insert(DELETED_TREE_ROOT.unwrap(), None);
+        let mut actor = Actor {
+            peer: id,
+            loro: app,
+            value_tracker: Arc::new(Mutex::new(LoroValue::Map(Default::default()))),
+            map_tracker: Default::default(),
+            list_tracker: Default::default(),
+            text_tracker: Default::default(),
+            tree_tracker: Arc::new(Mutex::new(default_tree_tracker)),
+            map_containers: Default::default(),
+            list_containers: Default::default(),
+            text_containers: Default::default(),
+            tree_containers: Default::default(),
+            history: Default::default(),
+        };
+
+        let root_value = Arc::clone(&actor.value_tracker);
+        actor.loro.subscribe_deep(Arc::new(move |event| {
+            let mut root_value = root_value.lock().unwrap();
+            debug_dbg!(&event);
+            root_value.apply(
+                &event.container.path.iter().map(|x| x.1.clone()).collect(),
+                &[event.container.diff.clone()],
+            );
+        }));
+
+        let text = Arc::clone(&actor.text_tracker);
+        actor.loro.subscribe(
+            &ContainerID::new_root("text", ContainerType::Text),
+            Arc::new(move |event| {
+                if event.from_children {
+                    return;
+                }
+                let mut text = text.lock().unwrap();
+                match &event.container.diff {
+                    Diff::Text(delta) => {
+                        let mut index = 0;
+                        for item in delta.iter() {
+                            match item {
+                                DeltaItem::Retain { len, meta: _ } => {
+                                    index += len;
+                                }
+                                DeltaItem::Insert { value, meta: _ } => {
+                                    text.insert_str(index, value);
+                                    index += value.len();
+                                }
+                                DeltaItem::Delete { len, .. } => {
+                                    text.drain(index..index + *len);
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    _ => unreachable!(),
+                }
+            }),
+        );
+
+        let tree = Arc::clone(&actor.tree_tracker);
+        actor.loro.subscribe(
+            &ContainerID::new_root("tree", ContainerType::Tree),
+            Arc::new(move |event| {
+                if event.from_children {
+                    return;
+                }
+                let mut tree = tree.lock().unwrap();
+                if let Diff::Tree(tree_delta) = &event.container.diff {
+                    for (key, value) in tree_delta.diff.iter() {
+                        tree.insert(*key, *value);
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    debug_dbg!(&event.container);
+                    unreachable!()
+                }
+            }),
+        );
+
+        let map = Arc::clone(&actor.map_tracker);
+        actor.loro.subscribe(
+            &ContainerID::new_root("map", ContainerType::Map),
+            Arc::new(move |event| {
+                if event.from_children {
+                    return;
+                }
+                let mut map = map.lock().unwrap();
+                if let Diff::NewMap(map_diff) = &event.container.diff {
+                    for (key, value) in map_diff.updated.iter() {
+                        match &value.value {
+                            Some(value) => {
+                                map.insert(key.to_string(), value.clone());
+                            }
+                            None => {
+                                map.remove(&key.to_string());
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    debug_dbg!(&event.container);
+                    unreachable!()
+                }
+            }),
+        );
+
+        let list = Arc::clone(&actor.list_tracker);
+        actor.loro.subscribe(
+            &ContainerID::new_root("list", ContainerType::List),
+            Arc::new(move |event| {
+                if event.from_children {
+                    return;
+                }
+                let mut list = list.lock().unwrap();
+                if let Diff::List(delta) = &event.container.diff {
+                    let mut index = 0;
+                    for item in delta.iter() {
+                        match item {
+                            DeltaItem::Retain { len, meta: _ } => {
+                                index += len;
+                            }
+                            DeltaItem::Insert { value, meta: _ } => {
+                                for v in value {
+                                    list.insert(index, v.clone());
+                                    index += 1;
+                                }
+                            }
+                            DeltaItem::Delete { len, .. } => {
+                                list.drain(index..index + *len);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    unreachable!()
+                }
+            }),
+        );
+        actor
+            .text_containers
+            .push(actor.loro.txn().unwrap().get_text("text"));
+        actor
+            .map_containers
+            .push(actor.loro.txn().unwrap().get_map("map"));
+        actor
+            .list_containers
+            .push(actor.loro.txn().unwrap().get_list("list"));
+        actor
+            .tree_containers
+            .push(actor.loro.txn().unwrap().get_tree("tree"));
+        actor
+    }
+
+    fn record_history(&mut self) {
+        let f = self.loro.oplog_frontiers();
+        let value = self.loro.get_deep_value();
+        let mut ids: Vec<ID> = f.iter().cloned().collect();
+        ids.sort_by_key(|x| x.peer);
+        self.history.insert(ids, value);
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Arbitrary, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum FuzzValue {
+    Null,
+    I32(i32),
+    Container(ContainerType),
+}
+
+impl From<FuzzValue> for LoroValue {
+    fn from(v: FuzzValue) -> Self {
+        match v {
+            FuzzValue::Null => LoroValue::Null,
+            FuzzValue::I32(i) => LoroValue::I32(i),
+            FuzzValue::Container(_) => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Tabled for Action {
+    const LENGTH: usize = 5;
+
+    fn fields(&self) -> Vec<std::borrow::Cow<'_, str>> {
+        match self {
+            Action::Sync { from, to } => vec![
+                "sync".into(),
+                format!("{} with {}", from, to).into(),
+                "".into(),
+                "".into(),
+                "".into(),
+            ],
+            Action::SyncAll => vec!["sync all".into(), "".into(), "".into(), "".into()],
+            // Action::Map {
+            //     site,
+            //     container_idx,
+            //     key,
+            //     value,
+            // } => vec![
+            //     "map".into(),
+            //     format!("{}", site).into(),
+            //     format!("{}", container_idx).into(),
+            //     format!("{}", key).into(),
+            //     format!("{:?}", value).into(),
+            // ],
+            // Action::List {
+            //     site,
+            //     container_idx,
+            //     key,
+            //     value,
+            // } => vec![
+            //     "list".into(),
+            //     format!("{}", site).into(),
+            //     format!("{}", container_idx).into(),
+            //     format!("{}", key).into(),
+            //     format!("{:?}", value).into(),
+            // ],
+            // Action::Text {
+            //     site,
+            //     container_idx,
+            //     pos,
+            //     value,
+            //     is_del,
+            // } => vec![
+            //     "text".into(),
+            //     format!("{}", site).into(),
+            //     format!("{}", container_idx).into(),
+            //     format!("{}", pos).into(),
+            //     format!("{}{}", if *is_del { "Delete " } else { "" }, value).into(),
+            // ],
+            Action::Tree {
+                site,
+                container_idx,
+                action,
+                target,
+                parent,
+            } => {
+                let action_str = match action {
+                    TreeAction::Create => "Create".to_string(),
+                    TreeAction::Move => format!("Move to {parent:?}"),
+                    TreeAction::Delete => "Delete".to_string(),
+                };
+                vec![
+                    "tree".into(),
+                    format!("{}", site).into(),
+                    format!("{}", container_idx).into(),
+                    action_str.into(),
+                    format!("{:?}", target).into(),
+                ]
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn headers() -> Vec<std::borrow::Cow<'static, str>> {
+        vec![
+            "type".into(),
+            "site".into(),
+            "container".into(),
+            "prop".into(),
+            "value".into(),
+        ]
+    }
+}
+
+trait Actionable {
+    fn apply_action(&mut self, action: &Action);
+    fn preprocess(&mut self, action: &mut Action);
+}
+
+impl Actor {
+    fn add_new_container(&mut self, idx: ContainerIdx, type_: ContainerType) {
+        match type_ {
+            ContainerType::Text => self
+                .text_containers
+                .push(TextHandler::new(idx, Arc::downgrade(self.loro.app_state()))),
+            ContainerType::Map => self
+                .map_containers
+                .push(MapHandler::new(idx, Arc::downgrade(self.loro.app_state()))),
+            ContainerType::List => self
+                .list_containers
+                .push(ListHandler::new(idx, Arc::downgrade(self.loro.app_state()))),
+            ContainerType::Tree => self
+                .tree_containers
+                .push(TreeHandler::new(idx, Arc::downgrade(self.loro.app_state()))),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Actionable for Vec<Actor> {
+    fn preprocess(&mut self, action: &mut Action) {
+        let max_users = self.len() as u8;
+        match action {
+            Action::Sync { from, to } => {
+                *from %= max_users;
+                *to %= max_users;
+                if to == from {
+                    *to = (*to + 1) % max_users;
+                }
+            }
+            Action::SyncAll => {}
+            Action::Tree {
+                site,
+                container_idx,
+                target: (target_peer, target_counter),
+                parent: (parent_peer, parent_counter),
+                action,
+            } => {
+                *site %= max_users;
+                *container_idx %= self[*site as usize].tree_containers.len().max(1) as u8;
+                if let Some(tree) = self[*site as usize]
+                    .tree_containers
+                    .get(*container_idx as usize)
+                {
+                    let nodes = tree.nodes();
+                    let tree_num = nodes.len();
+                    let mut max_counter_mapping = FxHashMap::default();
+                    for TreeID { peer, counter } in nodes.clone() {
+                        if let Some(c) = max_counter_mapping.get_mut(&peer) {
+                            *c = counter.max(*c);
+                        } else {
+                            max_counter_mapping.insert(peer, counter);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if tree_num == 0 || tree_num < 2 && matches!(action, TreeAction::Move) {
+                        *action = TreeAction::Create;
+                    } else if tree_num >= 255 && matches!(action, TreeAction::Create) {
+                        *action = TreeAction::Move;
+                    }
+
+                    match action {
+                        TreeAction::Create => {
+                            let actor = &mut self[*site as usize];
+                            let txn = actor.loro.txn().unwrap();
+                            let id = txn.next_id();
+                            *target_peer = id.peer;
+                            *target_counter = id.counter;
+                        }
+                        TreeAction::Move => {
+                            let target_idx = *target_peer as usize % tree_num;
+                            let mut parent_idx = *parent_peer as usize % tree_num;
+                            while target_idx == parent_idx {
+                                parent_idx = (parent_idx + 1) % tree_num;
+                            }
+                            *target_peer = nodes[target_idx].peer;
+                            *target_counter = nodes[target_idx].counter;
+                            *parent_peer = nodes[parent_idx].peer;
+                            *parent_counter = nodes[parent_idx].counter;
+                        }
+                        TreeAction::Delete => {
+                            let target_idx = *target_peer as usize % tree_num;
+                            *target_peer = nodes[target_idx].peer;
+                            *target_counter = nodes[target_idx].counter;
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    *target_peer = *site as u64;
+                    *target_counter = 0;
+                    *parent_peer = 0;
+                    *parent_counter = 0;
+                    *action = TreeAction::Create;
+                }
+            } // Action::Map {
+              //     site,
+              //     container_idx,
+              //     ..
+              // } => {
+              //     *site %= max_users;
+              //     *container_idx %= self[*site as usize].map_containers.len().max(1) as u8;
+              // }
+              // Action::List {
+              //     site,
+              //     container_idx,
+              //     key,
+              //     value,
+              // } => {
+              //     *site %= max_users;
+              //     *container_idx %= self[*site as usize].list_containers.len().max(1) as u8;
+              //     if let Some(list) = self[*site as usize]
+              //         .list_containers
+              //         .get(*container_idx as usize)
+              //     {
+              //         *key %= (list.len() as u8).max(1);
+              //         if *value == FuzzValue::Null && list.is_empty() {
+              //             // no value, cannot delete
+              //             *value = FuzzValue::I32(1);
+              //         }
+              //     } else {
+              //         if *value == FuzzValue::Null {
+              //             *value = FuzzValue::I32(1);
+              //         }
+              //         *key = 0;
+              //     }
+              // }
+              // Action::Text {
+              //     site,
+              //     container_idx,
+              //     pos,
+              //     value,
+              //     is_del,
+              // } => {
+              //     *site %= max_users;
+              //     *container_idx %= self[*site as usize].text_containers.len().max(1) as u8;
+              //     if let Some(text) = self[*site as usize]
+              //         .text_containers
+              //         .get(*container_idx as usize)
+              //     {
+              //         *pos %= (text.len_unicode() as u8).max(1);
+              //         if *is_del {
+              //             *value &= 0x1f;
+              //             *value = (*value).min(text.len_unicode() as u16 - (*pos) as u16);
+              //         }
+              //     } else {
+              //         *is_del = false;
+              //         *pos = 0;
+              //     }
+              // }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn apply_action(&mut self, action: &Action) {
+        match action {
+            Action::Sync { from, to } => {
+                let (a, b) = array_mut_ref!(self, [*from as usize, *to as usize]);
+                let mut visited = HashSet::new();
+                a.map_containers.iter().for_each(|x| {
+                    visited.insert(x.id());
+                });
+                a.list_containers.iter().for_each(|x| {
+                    visited.insert(x.id());
+                });
+                a.text_containers.iter().for_each(|x| {
+                    visited.insert(x.id());
+                });
+                a.tree_containers.iter().for_each(|x| {
+                    visited.insert(x.id());
+                });
+
+                a.loro
+                    .import(&b.loro.export_from(&a.loro.oplog_vv()))
+                    .unwrap();
+                b.loro
+                    .import(&a.loro.export_from(&b.loro.oplog_vv()))
+                    .unwrap();
+
+                if a.peer == 1 {
+                    a.record_history();
+                }
+
+                b.map_containers.iter().for_each(|x| {
+                    let id = x.id();
+                    if !visited.contains(&id) {
+                        visited.insert(id.clone());
+                        a.map_containers.push(a.loro.txn().unwrap().get_map(id))
+                    }
+                });
+                b.list_containers.iter().for_each(|x| {
+                    let id = x.id();
+                    if !visited.contains(&id) {
+                        visited.insert(id.clone());
+                        a.list_containers.push(a.loro.txn().unwrap().get_list(id))
+                    }
+                });
+                b.text_containers.iter().for_each(|x| {
+                    let id = x.id();
+                    if !visited.contains(&id) {
+                        visited.insert(id.clone());
+                        a.text_containers.push(a.loro.txn().unwrap().get_text(id))
+                    }
+                });
+                b.tree_containers.iter().for_each(|x| {
+                    let id = x.id();
+                    if !visited.contains(&id) {
+                        visited.insert(id.clone());
+                        a.tree_containers.push(a.loro.txn().unwrap().get_tree(id))
+                    }
+                });
+
+                b.map_containers = a
+                    .map_containers
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|x| b.loro.get_map(x.id()))
+                    .collect();
+                b.list_containers = a
+                    .list_containers
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|x| b.loro.get_list(x.id()))
+                    .collect();
+                b.text_containers = a
+                    .text_containers
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|x| b.loro.get_text(x.id()))
+                    .collect();
+                b.tree_containers = a
+                    .tree_containers
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|x| b.loro.get_tree(x.id()))
+                    .collect();
+            }
+            Action::SyncAll => {
+                let mut visited = HashSet::new();
+                let a = &mut self[0];
+                a.map_containers.iter().for_each(|x| {
+                    visited.insert(x.id());
+                });
+                a.list_containers.iter().for_each(|x| {
+                    visited.insert(x.id());
+                });
+                a.text_containers.iter().for_each(|x| {
+                    visited.insert(x.id());
+                });
+                a.tree_containers.iter().for_each(|x| {
+                    visited.insert(x.id());
+                });
+
+                for i in 1..self.len() {
+                    let (a, b) = array_mut_ref!(self, [0, i]);
+                    a.loro
+                        .import(&b.loro.export_from(&a.loro.oplog_vv()))
+                        .unwrap();
+                    b.map_containers.iter().for_each(|x| {
+                        let id = x.id();
+                        if !visited.contains(&id) {
+                            visited.insert(id.clone());
+                            a.map_containers.push(a.loro.get_map(id))
+                        }
+                    });
+                    b.list_containers.iter().for_each(|x| {
+                        let id = x.id();
+                        if !visited.contains(&id) {
+                            visited.insert(id.clone());
+                            a.list_containers.push(a.loro.get_list(id))
+                        }
+                    });
+                    b.text_containers.iter().for_each(|x| {
+                        let id = x.id();
+                        if !visited.contains(&id) {
+                            visited.insert(id.clone());
+                            a.text_containers.push(a.loro.get_text(id))
+                        }
+                    });
+                    b.tree_containers.iter().for_each(|x| {
+                        let id = x.id();
+                        if !visited.contains(&id) {
+                            visited.insert(id.clone());
+                            a.tree_containers.push(a.loro.get_tree(id))
+                        }
+                    });
+                }
+
+                for i in 1..self.len() {
+                    let (a, b) = array_mut_ref!(self, [0, i]);
+                    b.loro
+                        .import(&a.loro.export_from(&b.loro.oplog_vv()))
+                        .unwrap();
+                    b.map_containers = a
+                        .map_containers
+                        .iter()
+                        .map(|x| b.loro.get_map(x.id()))
+                        .collect();
+                    b.list_containers = a
+                        .list_containers
+                        .iter()
+                        .map(|x| b.loro.get_list(x.id()))
+                        .collect();
+                    b.text_containers = a
+                        .text_containers
+                        .iter()
+                        .map(|x| b.loro.get_text(x.id()))
+                        .collect();
+                    b.tree_containers = a
+                        .tree_containers
+                        .iter()
+                        .map(|x| b.loro.get_tree(x.id()))
+                        .collect();
+                }
+
+                self[1].record_history();
+            }
+            // Action::Map {
+            //     site,
+            //     container_idx,
+            //     key,
+            //     value,
+            // } => {
+            //     let actor = &mut self[*site as usize];
+            //     let container = actor.map_containers.get_mut(*container_idx as usize);
+            //     let container = if let Some(container) = container {
+            //         container
+            //     } else {
+            //         let map = actor.loro.get_map("map");
+            //         actor.map_containers.push(map);
+            //         &mut actor.map_containers[0]
+            //     };
+            //     let mut txn = actor.loro.txn().unwrap();
+            //     match value {
+            //         FuzzValue::Null => {
+            //             container.delete(&mut txn, &key.to_string()).unwrap();
+            //         }
+            //         FuzzValue::I32(i) => {
+            //             container
+            //                 .insert(&mut txn, &key.to_string(), LoroValue::from(*i))
+            //                 .unwrap();
+            //         }
+            //         FuzzValue::Container(c) => {
+            //             let idx = container
+            //                 .insert_container(&mut txn, &key.to_string(), *c)
+            //                 .unwrap()
+            //                 .container_idx();
+            //             actor.add_new_container(idx, *c);
+            //         }
+            //     };
+
+            //     txn.commit().unwrap();
+            //     if actor.peer == 1 {
+            //         actor.record_history();
+            //     }
+            // }
+            // Action::List {
+            //     site,
+            //     container_idx,
+            //     key,
+            //     value,
+            // } => {
+            //     let actor = &mut self[*site as usize];
+            //     let container = actor.list_containers.get_mut(*container_idx as usize);
+            //     let container = if container.is_none() {
+            //         let list = actor.loro.get_list("list");
+            //         actor.list_containers.push(list);
+            //         &mut actor.list_containers[0]
+            //     } else {
+            //         #[allow(clippy::unnecessary_unwrap)]
+            //         container.unwrap()
+            //     };
+            //     let mut txn = actor.loro.txn().unwrap();
+            //     match value {
+            //         FuzzValue::Null => {
+            //             container.delete(&mut txn, *key as usize, 1).unwrap();
+            //         }
+            //         FuzzValue::I32(i) => {
+            //             container
+            //                 .insert(&mut txn, *key as usize, LoroValue::from(*i))
+            //                 .unwrap();
+            //         }
+            //         FuzzValue::Container(c) => {
+            //             let idx = container
+            //                 .insert_container(&mut txn, *key as usize, *c)
+            //                 .unwrap()
+            //                 .container_idx();
+            //             actor.add_new_container(idx, *c);
+            //         }
+            //     };
+            //     txn.commit().unwrap();
+            //     if actor.peer == 1 {
+            //         actor.record_history();
+            //     }
+            // }
+            // Action::Text {
+            //     site,
+            //     container_idx,
+            //     pos,
+            //     value,
+            //     is_del,
+            // } => {
+            //     let actor = &mut self[*site as usize];
+            //     let container = actor.text_containers.get_mut(*container_idx as usize);
+            //     let container = if let Some(container) = container {
+            //         container
+            //     } else {
+            //         let text = actor.loro.get_text("text");
+            //         actor.text_containers.push(text);
+            //         &mut actor.text_containers[0]
+            //     };
+            //     let mut txn = actor.loro.txn().unwrap();
+            //     if *is_del {
+            //         container
+            //             .delete(&mut txn, *pos as usize, *value as usize)
+            //             .unwrap();
+            //     } else {
+            //         container
+            //             .insert(&mut txn, *pos as usize, &(format!("[{}]", value)))
+            //             .unwrap();
+            //     }
+            //     drop(txn);
+            //     if actor.peer == 1 {
+            //         actor.record_history();
+            //     }
+            // }
+            Action::Tree {
+                site,
+                container_idx,
+                action,
+                target: (target_peer, target_counter),
+                parent: (parent_peer, parent_counter),
+            } => {
+                let actor = &mut self[*site as usize];
+                let container = actor.tree_containers.get_mut(*container_idx as usize);
+                let container = if let Some(container) = container {
+                    container
+                } else {
+                    let tree = actor.loro.get_tree("tree");
+                    actor.tree_containers.push(tree);
+                    &mut actor.tree_containers[0]
+                };
+                let mut txn = actor.loro.txn().unwrap();
+
+                match action {
+                    TreeAction::Create => {
+                        container.create(&mut txn).unwrap();
+                    }
+                    TreeAction::Move => {
+                        match container.mov(
+                            &mut txn,
+                            TreeID {
+                                peer: *target_peer,
+                                counter: *target_counter,
+                            },
+                            TreeID {
+                                peer: *parent_peer,
+                                counter: *parent_counter,
+                            },
+                        ) {
+                            Ok(_) => {}
+                            Err(err) => {
+                                // TODO: cycle move
+                                if !matches!(err, LoroError::CyclicMoveError) {
+                                    panic!("{}", err)
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    TreeAction::Delete => {
+                        container
+                            .delete(
+                                &mut txn,
+                                TreeID {
+                                    peer: *target_peer,
+                                    counter: *target_counter,
+                                },
+                            )
+                            .unwrap();
+                    }
+                }
+
+                drop(txn);
+                if actor.peer == 1 {
+                    actor.record_history();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[allow(unused)]
+fn assert_value_eq(a: &LoroValue, b: &LoroValue) {
+    match (a, b) {
+        (LoroValue::Map(a), LoroValue::Map(b)) => {
+            for (k, v) in a.iter() {
+                let is_empty = match v {
+                    LoroValue::String(s) => {
+                        s.is_empty() || s.as_str() == r#"{"roots":[],"deleted":[]}"#
+                    }
+                    LoroValue::List(l) => l.is_empty(),
+                    LoroValue::Map(m) => m.is_empty(),
+                    _ => false,
+                };
+                if is_empty {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                assert_value_eq(v, b.get(k).unwrap());
+            }
+
+            for (k, v) in b.iter() {
+                let is_empty = match v {
+                    LoroValue::String(s) => {
+                        s.is_empty() || s.as_str() == r#"{"roots":[],"deleted":[]}"#
+                    }
+                    LoroValue::List(l) => l.is_empty(),
+                    LoroValue::Map(m) => m.is_empty(),
+                    _ => false,
+                };
+                if is_empty {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                assert_value_eq(v, a.get(k).unwrap());
+            }
+        }
+        (a, b) => assert_eq!(a, b),
+    }
+}
+
+fn check_eq(a_actor: &mut Actor, b_actor: &mut Actor) {
+    let a_doc = &mut a_actor.loro;
+    let b_doc = &mut b_actor.loro;
+    let a_result = a_doc.get_state_deep_value();
+    debug_log::debug_log!("{}", a_result.to_json_pretty());
+    assert_eq!(&a_result, &b_doc.get_state_deep_value());
+    assert_value_eq(&a_result, &a_actor.value_tracker.lock().unwrap());
+
+    let a = a_doc.get_text("text");
+    let value_a = a.get_value();
+    assert_eq!(
+        &**value_a.as_string().unwrap(),
+        &*a_actor.text_tracker.lock().unwrap(),
+    );
+
+    let a = a_doc.get_map("map");
+    let value_a = a.get_value();
+    assert_eq!(
+        &**value_a.as_map().unwrap(),
+        &*a_actor.map_tracker.lock().unwrap()
+    );
+
+    let a = a_doc.get_list("list");
+    let value_a = a.get_value();
+    assert_eq!(
+        &**value_a.as_list().unwrap(),
+        &*a_actor.list_tracker.lock().unwrap(),
+    );
+    let a = a_doc.get_tree("tree");
+    let value_a = a.get_value();
+    let forest = Forest::from_tree_state(&a_actor.tree_tracker.lock().unwrap());
+    assert_eq!(&**value_a.as_string().unwrap(), &forest.to_json(),);
+}
+
+fn check_synced(sites: &mut [Actor]) {
+    for i in 0..sites.len() - 1 {
+        for j in i + 1..sites.len() {
+            debug_log::group!("checking {} with {}", i, j);
+            let (a, b) = array_mut_ref!(sites, [i, j]);
+            let a_doc = &mut a.loro;
+            let b_doc = &mut b.loro;
+            if (i + j) % 2 == 0 {
+                debug_log::group!("Updates {} to {}", j, i);
+                a_doc.import(&b_doc.export_from(&a_doc.oplog_vv())).unwrap();
+                debug_log::group_end!();
+                debug_log::group!("Updates {} to {}", i, j);
+                b_doc.import(&a_doc.export_from(&b_doc.oplog_vv())).unwrap();
+                debug_log::group_end!();
+            } else {
+                debug_log::group!("Snapshot {} to {}", j, i);
+                a_doc.import(&b_doc.export_snapshot()).unwrap();
+                debug_log::group_end!();
+                debug_log::group!("Snapshot {} to {}", i, j);
+                b_doc.import(&a_doc.export_snapshot()).unwrap();
+                debug_log::group_end!();
+            }
+
+            check_eq(a, b);
+            debug_log::group_end!();
+            if i == 1 {
+                a.record_history();
+            }
+            if j == 1 {
+                b.record_history();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn check_history(actor: &mut Actor) {
+    assert!(!actor.history.is_empty());
+    for (c, (f, v)) in actor.history.iter().enumerate() {
+        let f = Frontiers::from(f);
+        // println!("\nfrom {:?} checkout {:?}", actor.loro.oplog_vv(), f);
+        // println!("before state {:?}", actor.loro.get_deep_value());
+        actor.loro.checkout(&f).unwrap();
+        let actual = actor.loro.get_deep_value();
+
+        match (v, &actual) {
+            (LoroValue::Map(v), LoroValue::Map(a)) => {
+                let keys = v.keys();
+                for key in keys {
+                    let vv = v.get(key);
+                    let av = a.get(key);
+                    if key == "tree" {
+                        match (vv, av) {
+                            (Some(LoroValue::String(vvs)), Some(LoroValue::String(avs))) => {
+                                match (Forest::from_json(vvs), Forest::from_json(avs)) {
+                                    (Ok(v), Ok(a)) => {
+                                        assert_eq!(
+                                            v.to_json_without_deleted(),
+                                            a.to_json_without_deleted(),
+                                            "Version mismatched at {:?}, cnt={}",
+                                            f,
+                                            c
+                                        );
+                                    }
+                                    _ => {
+                                        assert_eq!(
+                                            v, a,
+                                            "Version mismatched at {:?}, cnt={}",
+                                            f, c
+                                        );
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                            _ => unreachable!(),
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        assert_eq!(vv, av, "Version mismatched at {:?}, cnt={}", f, c);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        };
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn normalize(site_num: u8, actions: &mut [Action]) -> Vec<Action> {
+    let mut sites = Vec::new();
+    for i in 0..site_num {
+        sites.push(Actor::new(i as u64));
+    }
+
+    let mut applied = Vec::new();
+    for action in actions.iter_mut() {
+        sites.preprocess(action);
+        applied.push(action.clone());
+        let sites_ptr: usize = &mut sites as *mut _ as usize;
+        #[allow(clippy::blocks_in_if_conditions)]
+        if std::panic::catch_unwind(|| {
+            // SAFETY: Test
+            let sites = unsafe { &mut *(sites_ptr as *mut Vec<_>) };
+            sites.apply_action(&action.clone());
+        })
+        .is_err()
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    println!("{}", applied.clone().table());
+    applied
+}
+
+pub fn test_multi_sites(site_num: u8, actions: &mut [Action]) {
+    let mut sites = Vec::new();
+    for i in 0..site_num {
+        sites.push(Actor::new(i as u64));
+    }
+
+    let mut applied = Vec::new();
+    for action in actions.iter_mut() {
+        sites.preprocess(action);
+        applied.push(action.clone());
+        debug_log::debug_log!("\n{}", (&applied).table());
+        sites.apply_action(action);
+    }
+
+    debug_log::group!("check synced");
+    check_synced(&mut sites);
+    debug_log::group_end!();
+    check_history(&mut sites[1]);
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod failed_tests {
+    use crate::fuzz::minify_error;
+    use crate::tests::PROPTEST_FACTOR_10;
+
+    use super::normalize;
+    use super::test_multi_sites;
+    use super::Action;
+    use super::Action::*;
+    use super::FuzzValue;
+    use super::FuzzValue::*;
+    use arbtest::arbitrary::{self, Unstructured};
+
+    fn prop(u: &mut Unstructured<'_>, site_num: u8) -> arbitrary::Result<()> {
+        let xs = u.arbitrary::<Vec<Action>>()?;
+        if let Err(e) = std::panic::catch_unwind(|| {
+            test_multi_sites(site_num, &mut xs.clone());
+        }) {
+            dbg!(xs);
+            println!("{:?}", e);
+            panic!()
+        } else {
+            Ok(())
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn empty() {
+        test_multi_sites(2, &mut [])
+    }
+
+    use super::TreeAction;
+    #[test]
+    fn tree() {
+        test_multi_sites(
+            5,
+            &mut [
+                Tree {
+                    site: 31,
+                    container_idx: 31,
+                    action: TreeAction::Create,
+                    target: (7225181607844773663, 1684298240),
+                    parent: (7015277009875896676, -1726003871),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 31,
+                    container_idx: 37,
+                    action: TreeAction::Delete,
+                    target: (729335883198625631, 655616),
+                    parent: (3761688988315248897, 875836468),
+                },
+            ],
+        )
+    }
+    #[test]
+    fn tree4() {
+        test_multi_sites(
+            5,
+            &mut [
+                Tree {
+                    site: 154,
+                    container_idx: 68,
+                    action: TreeAction::Delete,
+                    target: (10539624087947575836, -48060),
+                    parent: (4919338167840669695, 1153154047),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 68,
+                    container_idx: 255,
+                    action: TreeAction::Create,
+                    target: (75541725773824, 0),
+                    parent: (17870283321406128128, 35454975),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 68,
+                    container_idx: 146,
+                    action: TreeAction::Delete,
+                    target: (4919338167840669695, 1147553023),
+                    parent: (574490427466448708, 1153153792),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 68,
+                    container_idx: 255,
+                    action: TreeAction::Delete,
+                    target: (4971768375647666275, 48530),
+                    parent: (6, 541327360),
+                },
+                SyncAll,
+                Tree {
+                    site: 255,
+                    container_idx: 255,
+                    action: TreeAction::Create,
+                    target: (18446735572701395712, 1145307676),
+                    parent: (18446537660035253316, -131465217),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 68,
+                    container_idx: 255,
+                    action: TreeAction::Create,
+                    target: (2244103232290815, -12272709),
+                    parent: (18444773745722954464, 1145324799),
+                },
+                SyncAll,
+                Tree {
+                    site: 255,
+                    container_idx: 224,
+                    action: TreeAction::Delete,
+                    target: (10539830502813073407, -506812),
+                    parent: (4919131752984878335, -12303214),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 248,
+                    container_idx: 255,
+                    action: TreeAction::Delete,
+                    target: (18446744070559928900, 522495),
+                    parent: (18377512267673111050, -12303105),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 255,
+                    container_idx: 255,
+                    action: TreeAction::Delete,
+                    target: (723401728380764167, 168430090),
+                    parent: (723401728380766730, 168430090),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 187,
+                    container_idx: 187,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (18444773745617749060, 1145324799),
+                    parent: (4282711954, 0),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    action: TreeAction::Create,
+                    target: (0, 0),
+                    parent: (0, 0),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    action: TreeAction::Create,
+                    target: (0, 0),
+                    parent: (0, 0),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 233,
+                    container_idx: 59,
+                    action: TreeAction::Delete,
+                    target: (65283536467177, 741113388),
+                    parent: (71841261820051500, 960183099),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 59,
+                    container_idx: 52,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (6557365790174437622, 56576),
+                    parent: (8174483510898259552, 993606491),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 52,
+                    container_idx: 59,
+                    action: TreeAction::Create,
+                    target: (4268070197412969276, 876297019),
+                    parent: (4251678678166733311, 993606459),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 52,
+                    container_idx: 59,
+                    action: TreeAction::Delete,
+                    target: (25614710117868896, 1610612957),
+                    parent: (6589172633665888502, 1057021184),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 59,
+                    container_idx: 59,
+                    action: TreeAction::Create,
+                    target: (16855260271260416827, 993782249),
+                    parent: (6918092204857223657, 738197563),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (23551, 0),
+                    parent: (4919218170291346652, -1),
+                },
+            ],
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn tree3() {
+        test_multi_sites(
+            5,
+            &mut [
+                Tree {
+                    site: 9,
+                    container_idx: 127,
+                    action: TreeAction::Delete,
+                    target: (1233705222371475711, -251),
+                    parent: (107815795232281087, 1245200),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 16,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    action: TreeAction::Delete,
+                    target: (2166517298094931967, 16716287),
+                    parent: (813756299728325376, 185273099),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    action: TreeAction::Create,
+                    target: (8830553686128, 2097151761),
+                    parent: (11958314308755580, 2137012736),
+                },
+                SyncAll,
+                Tree {
+                    site: 224,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (7306353058599232869, 6645093),
+                    parent: (1224979099300004095, -2130771968),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 13,
+                    container_idx: 255,
+                    action: TreeAction::Create,
+                    target: (9114861775483852318, 2122219134),
+                    parent: (18446744073701064318, -144163841),
+                },
+                Sync { from: 0, to: 0 },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 69,
+                    container_idx: 69,
+                    action: TreeAction::Create,
+                    target: (4991471925827290437, 4539717),
+                    parent: (0, 1162167552),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    action: TreeAction::Create,
+                    target: (9079850878260722432, 2122219134),
+                    parent: (9114861775500508798, 645824126),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 176,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    action: TreeAction::Create,
+                    target: (17942534503578730496, 1),
+                    parent: (16710579122929139712, 8410879),
+                },
+                SyncAll,
+                Tree {
+                    site: 126,
+                    container_idx: 126,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (8970326032777871486, 100957280),
+                    parent: (2959208222675708540, -2088042497),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 8,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    action: TreeAction::Delete,
+                    target: (3026423894714745087, -419037185),
+                    parent: (257836936325095, 0),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 37,
+                    container_idx: 37,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (1217102201655164929, 250930404),
+                    parent: (8795666948567273728, 159021690),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    action: TreeAction::Create,
+                    target: (9114861777589509188, 25067134),
+                    parent: (2773793502260002430, 838827776),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 4,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    action: TreeAction::Create,
+                    target: (8472539153, 88080384),
+                    parent: (4919152350102808365, 1146307652),
+                },
+                SyncAll,
+                Tree {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    action: TreeAction::Create,
+                    target: (658973761946854694, 8388991),
+                    parent: (17646480001140523265, 25614),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 37,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (0, 623191711),
+                    parent: (8945597075685385509, 6645116),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    action: TreeAction::Create,
+                    target: (795741901218843403, 185273099),
+                    parent: (3108366801636107, 0),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    action: TreeAction::Create,
+                    target: (795741901218843403, 185273099),
+                    parent: (795741901218843403, 185273099),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 11,
+                    container_idx: 11,
+                    action: TreeAction::Create,
+                    target: (184549376, 0),
+                    parent: (18401144032249643007, 285220863),
+                },
+                SyncAll,
+                Tree {
+                    site: 37,
+                    container_idx: 37,
+                    action: TreeAction::Create,
+                    target: (1953184550209191936, 185273115),
+                    parent: (795741901218843403, 185273099),
+                },
+                // Tree {
+                //     site: 11,
+                //     container_idx: 11,
+                //     action: TreeAction::Create,
+                //     target: (14144764421972691723, 992688955),
+                //     parent: (18445852115382254395, 1002126139),
+                // },
+                // Tree {
+                //     site: 0,
+                //     container_idx: 187,
+                //     action: TreeAction::Create,
+                //     target: (18446744073709503556, 1140909311),
+                //     parent: (13527612333614191428, -1287341125),
+                // },
+                // SyncAll,
+                // Tree {
+                //     site: 59,
+                //     container_idx: 59,
+                //     action: TreeAction::Delete,
+                //     target: (5476724297197944828, 1280068684),
+                //     parent: (4268220903840304204, 993737515),
+                // },
+                // SyncAll,
+                // Tree {
+                //     site: 187,
+                //     container_idx: 59,
+                //     action: TreeAction::Create,
+                //     target: (16821201796172069632, 1136376803),
+                //     parent: (18446601495078196051, 1044266751),
+                // },
+                // Tree {
+                //     site: 11,
+                //     container_idx: 11,
+                //     action: TreeAction::Create,
+                //     target: (4919148309987081790, -12303182),
+                //     parent: (17871127746369812479, -1),
+                // },
+                // SyncAll,
+                // Tree {
+                //     site: 83,
+                //     container_idx: 68,
+                //     action: TreeAction::Delete,
+                //     target: (4923917304342494139, -48060),
+                //     parent: (48946959133704191, 9984),
+                // },
+            ],
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn tree2() {
+        test_multi_sites(
+            5,
+            &mut [
+                Tree {
+                    site: 49,
+                    container_idx: 55,
+                    action: TreeAction::Create,
+                    target: (10546688557951311123, 786434),
+                    parent: (18446462598733955072, -1785377183),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 97,
+                    action: TreeAction::Create,
+                    target: (10561665232893847867, 1263506066),
+                    parent: (8020716663421751093, -177),
+                },
+                SyncAll,
+                Tree {
+                    site: 96,
+                    container_idx: 231,
+                    action: TreeAction::Create,
+                    target: (2089831853518198222, -2105376152),
+                    parent: (9404222468949967490, -2105376126),
+                },
+                Sync { from: 130, to: 104 },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (10778747784203862503, -1600809650),
+                    parent: (278245130829824, -1790025217),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 47,
+                    container_idx: 254,
+                    action: TreeAction::Create,
+                    target: (6422527, 201327104),
+                    parent: (18691781558272, 1644166912),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 149,
+                    container_idx: 97,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (18446468096290914321, 65535),
+                    parent: (11869226595745632, 10381312),
+                },
+            ],
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn tree_replace_old_parent() {
+        test_multi_sites(
+            5,
+            &mut vec![
+                Tree {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 140,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (10127624197329226892, -1936946036),
+                    parent: (10127624197330734220, -1936946036),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 142,
+                    container_idx: 140,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (10127624197330734220, -1936946036),
+                    parent: (10127624197330734220, -1946125807),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 140,
+                    container_idx: 140,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (1420, -1936946176),
+                    parent: (10127624197330734220, -1936946036),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 140,
+                    container_idx: 140,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (10127623737769233548, -1936946036),
+                    parent: (10127624197330734220, -1936962164),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 140,
+                    container_idx: 140,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (10127624197330734220, -1938453364),
+                    parent: (10127624197330734220, -1936946036),
+                },
+                SyncAll,
+                SyncAll,
+                Tree {
+                    site: 140,
+                    container_idx: 140,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (5, -1936946036),
+                    parent: (10127624197330734220, -1936946036),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 140,
+                    container_idx: 140,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (10127624195535572108, -1936946036),
+                    parent: (10127624197330734220, 864848973),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 140,
+                    container_idx: 140,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (10127624197330734220, -1936946036),
+                    parent: (10127624197330734220, -1936946036),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 140,
+                    container_idx: 17,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (10127598908563295372, -1936946036),
+                    parent: (10127624197330734220, -1936946036),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 140,
+                    container_idx: 214,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (10127624197330734732, -1936946036),
+                    parent: (10127624197330734220, -1936946036),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 128,
+                    container_idx: 128,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (10127610951449477248, -1936946036),
+                    parent: (10127624197330734220, -2716539),
+                },
+            ],
+        )
+    }
+
+    use super::ContainerType as C;
+    #[test]
+    fn to_minify() {
+        minify_error(5, vec![], test_multi_sites, normalize)
+    }
+
+    #[ctor::ctor]
+    fn init_color_backtrace() {
+        color_backtrace::install();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
index 6f13fa7df..3bbed0e91 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ use rle::{HasLength, RleVec};
 use crate::change::{Change, Lamport, Timestamp};
 use crate::container::list::list_op;
 use crate::dag::DagUtils;
-use crate::diff_calc::{CompactTreeNode, TreeParentCache};
+use crate::diff_calc::{CompactTreeNode, TreeDiffCache};
 use crate::encoding::{decode_oplog, encode_oplog, EncodeMode};
 use crate::encoding::{ClientChanges, RemoteClientChanges};
 use crate::id::{Counter, PeerID, ID};
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ pub struct OpLog {
     /// If so the Dag's frontiers won't be updated until the batch is finished.
     pub(crate) batch_importing: bool,
 
-    pub(crate) tree_parent_cache: Mutex<TreeParentCache>,
+    pub(crate) tree_parent_cache: Mutex<TreeDiffCache>,
 }
 
 /// [AppDag] maintains the causal graph of the app.
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ impl OpLog {
         let mut tree_cache = self.tree_parent_cache.lock().unwrap();
         for op in change.ops().iter() {
             if let crate::op::InnerContent::Tree(tree) = op.content {
-                let _ = tree_cache.add_cache(&CompactTreeNode {
+                let _ = tree_cache.add_node(&CompactTreeNode {
                     lamport: change.lamport,
                     peer: change.id.peer,
                     counter: op.counter,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
index fc5376f04..9130011a2 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ pub fn decode_state<'b>(
                 container_states.insert(idx, State::ListState(list));
             }
             loro_preload::EncodedContainerState::Tree(tree_data) => {
-                let mut tree = TreeState::new(idx);
+                let mut tree = TreeState::new();
                 for (target, parent) in tree_data {
                     let (peer, counter) = state_arena.tree_ids[*target];
                     let target_peer = common.peer_ids[peer as usize];
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
index d615db591..6272e33fb 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
@@ -310,7 +310,9 @@ impl DocState {
                 ContainerType::Text => LoroValue::String(Arc::new(Default::default())),
                 ContainerType::Map => LoroValue::Map(Arc::new(Default::default())),
                 ContainerType::List => LoroValue::List(Arc::new(Default::default())),
-                ContainerType::Tree => LoroValue::String(Arc::new(String::from("[]"))),
+                ContainerType::Tree => {
+                    LoroValue::String(Arc::new(String::from(r#"{"roots":[],"deleted":[]}"#)))
+                }
             })
     }
 
@@ -710,7 +712,7 @@ pub fn create_state(idx: ContainerIdx) -> State {
         ContainerType::Text => State::TextState(TextState::new()),
         ContainerType::Map => State::MapState(MapState::new(idx)),
         ContainerType::List => State::ListState(ListState::new(idx)),
-        ContainerType::Tree => State::TreeState(TreeState::new(idx)),
+        ContainerType::Tree => State::TreeState(TreeState::new()),
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
index 7b8ceec02..b14300476 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
@@ -1,26 +1,17 @@
-use std::{
-    collections::hash_map::Iter,
-    ops::{Deref, DerefMut},
-};
+use std::collections::hash_map::Iter;
 
 use fxhash::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use loro_common::{LoroError, LoroResult, LoroValue, TreeID, DELETED_TREE_ROOT};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
-use crate::{
-    arena::SharedArena,
-    container::{idx::ContainerIdx, tree::tree_op::TreeOp},
-    event::Diff,
-    op::RawOp,
-};
+use crate::{arena::SharedArena, container::tree::tree_op::TreeOp, event::Diff, op::RawOp};
 
 use super::ContainerState;
 
 // TODO: use arena save TreeID
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct TreeState {
-    idx: ContainerIdx,
     trees: FxHashMap<TreeID, Option<TreeID>>,
     in_txn: bool,
     undo_items: Vec<TreeUndoItem>,
@@ -33,11 +24,10 @@ struct TreeUndoItem {
 }
 
 impl TreeState {
-    pub fn new(idx: ContainerIdx) -> Self {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
         let mut trees = FxHashMap::default();
         trees.insert(DELETED_TREE_ROOT.unwrap(), None);
         Self {
-            idx,
             trees,
             in_txn: false,
             undo_items: Vec::new(),
@@ -235,7 +225,10 @@ impl ContainerState for TreeState {
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
-pub struct Forest(Vec<TreeNode>);
+pub struct Forest {
+    pub roots: Vec<TreeNode>,
+    deleted: Vec<TreeNode>,
+}
 
 #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct TreeNode {
@@ -251,7 +244,7 @@ impl Forest {
 
         for (id, parent) in state
             .iter()
-            .filter(|(_, &parent)| parent != DELETED_TREE_ROOT)
+            // .filter(|(_, &parent)| parent != DELETED_TREE_ROOT)
             .sorted()
         {
             if let Some(parent) = parent {
@@ -264,7 +257,7 @@ impl Forest {
 
         for root in state
             .iter()
-            .filter(|(&id, parent)| parent.is_none() && id != DELETED_TREE_ROOT.unwrap())
+            .filter(|(_, parent)| parent.is_none()) // && id != DELETED_TREE_ROOT.unwrap())
             .map(|(id, _)| *id)
             .sorted()
         {
@@ -304,20 +297,34 @@ impl Forest {
                     id_to_node.insert(id, node);
                 }
             }
-            forest.push(id_to_node.remove(&root).unwrap());
+            let root_node = id_to_node.remove(&root).unwrap();
+            if root_node.id == DELETED_TREE_ROOT.unwrap() {
+                forest.deleted = root_node.children;
+            } else {
+                forest.roots.push(root_node);
+            }
         }
         forest
     }
 
     fn to_state(&self) -> FxHashMap<TreeID, Option<TreeID>> {
         let mut ans = FxHashMap::default();
-        for root in self.0.iter() {
+        for root in self.roots.iter() {
+            let mut stack = vec![root];
+            while let Some(node) = stack.pop() {
+                ans.insert(node.id, node.parent);
+                stack.extend(node.children.iter())
+            }
+        }
+        ans.insert(DELETED_TREE_ROOT.unwrap(), None);
+        for root in self.deleted.iter() {
             let mut stack = vec![root];
             while let Some(node) = stack.pop() {
                 ans.insert(node.id, node.parent);
                 stack.extend(node.children.iter())
             }
         }
+
         ans
     }
 
@@ -334,6 +341,9 @@ impl Forest {
 
     #[cfg(feature = "json")]
     pub(crate) fn from_json(json: &str) -> LoroResult<Self> {
+        if json.is_empty() {
+            return Ok(Default::default());
+        }
         serde_json::from_str(json).map_err(|_| LoroError::DeserializeJsonStringError)
     }
 
@@ -341,18 +351,12 @@ impl Forest {
     pub(crate) fn to_json(&self) -> String {
         serde_json::to_string(self).unwrap()
     }
-}
-
-impl Deref for Forest {
-    type Target = Vec<TreeNode>;
-    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
-        &self.0
-    }
-}
 
-impl DerefMut for Forest {
-    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
-        &mut self.0
+    #[cfg(feature = "json")]
+    #[cfg(feature = "test_utils")]
+    pub(crate) fn to_json_without_deleted(&self) -> String {
+        let v = self.roots.iter().collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        serde_json::to_string(&v).unwrap()
     }
 }
 
@@ -378,36 +382,27 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_tree_state() {
-        let mut state = TreeState::new(ContainerIdx::from_index_and_type(
-            0,
-            loro_common::ContainerType::Tree,
-        ));
+        let mut state = TreeState::new();
         state.mov(ID1, None).unwrap();
         state.mov(ID2, Some(ID1)).unwrap();
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn tree_convert() {
-        let mut state = TreeState::new(ContainerIdx::from_index_and_type(
-            0,
-            loro_common::ContainerType::Tree,
-        ));
+        let mut state = TreeState::new();
         state.mov(ID1, None).unwrap();
         state.mov(ID2, Some(ID1)).unwrap();
         let roots = Forest::from_tree_state(&state.trees);
         let json = serde_json::to_string(&roots).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(
             json,
-            r#"[{"id":{"peer":0,"counter":0},"parent":null,"children":[{"id":{"peer":0,"counter":1},"parent":{"peer":0,"counter":0},"children":[]}]}]"#
+            r#"{"roots":[{"id":{"peer":0,"counter":0},"parent":null,"children":[{"id":{"peer":0,"counter":1},"parent":{"peer":0,"counter":0},"children":[]}]}],"deleted":[]}"#
         )
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn delete_node() {
-        let mut state = TreeState::new(ContainerIdx::from_index_and_type(
-            0,
-            loro_common::ContainerType::Tree,
-        ));
+        let mut state = TreeState::new();
         state.mov(ID1, None).unwrap();
         state.mov(ID2, Some(ID1)).unwrap();
         state.mov(ID3, Some(ID2)).unwrap();
@@ -417,7 +412,7 @@ mod tests {
         let json = serde_json::to_string(&roots).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(
             json,
-            r#"[{"id":{"peer":0,"counter":0},"parent":null,"children":[{"id":{"peer":0,"counter":3},"parent":{"peer":0,"counter":0},"children":[]}]}]"#
+            r#"{"roots":[{"id":{"peer":0,"counter":0},"parent":null,"children":[{"id":{"peer":0,"counter":3},"parent":{"peer":0,"counter":0},"children":[]}]}],"deleted":[{"id":{"peer":0,"counter":1},"parent":{"peer":18446744073709551615,"counter":2147483647},"children":[{"id":{"peer":0,"counter":2},"parent":{"peer":0,"counter":1},"children":[]}]}]}"#
         )
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
index bf59d0fa1..caf3278be 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
@@ -191,7 +191,9 @@ impl ApplyDiff for LoroValue {
                             TypeHint::Map => LoroValue::Map(Default::default()),
                             TypeHint::Text => LoroValue::String(Arc::new(String::new())),
                             TypeHint::List => LoroValue::List(Default::default()),
-                            TypeHint::Tree => LoroValue::String(Arc::new(String::from("[]"))),
+                            TypeHint::Tree => LoroValue::String(Arc::new(String::from(
+                                r#"{"roots":[],"deleted":[]}"#,
+                            ))),
                         })
                     }
                     Index::Seq(index) => {
@@ -213,7 +215,9 @@ fn unresolved_to_collection(v: &LoroValue) -> LoroValue {
             crate::ContainerType::Text => LoroValue::String(Default::default()),
             crate::ContainerType::Map => LoroValue::Map(Default::default()),
             crate::ContainerType::List => LoroValue::List(Default::default()),
-            crate::ContainerType::Tree => LoroValue::String(Arc::new(String::from("[]"))),
+            crate::ContainerType::Tree => {
+                LoroValue::String(Arc::new(String::from(r#"{"roots":[],"deleted":[]}"#)))
+            }
         }
     } else {
         v.clone()

From 32facab3967b38241a04a75699b5045f6e97dadd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 16:10:35 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 056/111] bench: add checkout bench

---
 crates/loro-internal/Cargo.toml      |  4 ++
 crates/loro-internal/benches/tree.rs | 68 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 72 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 crates/loro-internal/benches/tree.rs

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/Cargo.toml b/crates/loro-internal/Cargo.toml
index 86c89f39c..cf1fe028d 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/Cargo.toml
@@ -84,3 +84,7 @@ harness = false
 [[bench]]
 name = "pending"
 harness = false
+
+[[bench]]
+name = "tree"
+harness = false
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/benches/tree.rs b/crates/loro-internal/benches/tree.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1f8ede5a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/benches/tree.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+use criterion::{criterion_group, criterion_main, Criterion};
+#[cfg(feature = "test_utils")]
+mod tree {
+    use super::*;
+    use loro_internal::LoroDoc;
+    use rand::{rngs::StdRng, Rng};
+
+    pub fn tree_move(c: &mut Criterion) {
+        let mut b = c.benchmark_group("movable tree");
+        b.sample_size(10);
+        b.bench_function("10^3 tree move 10^5", |b| {
+            let loro = LoroDoc::default();
+            let tree = loro.get_tree("tree");
+            let mut ids = vec![];
+            let size = 1000;
+            for _ in 0..size {
+                ids.push(loro.with_txn(|txn| tree.create(txn)).unwrap())
+            }
+            let mut rng: StdRng = rand::SeedableRng::seed_from_u64(0);
+            let n = 100000;
+            b.iter(|| {
+                let mut txn = loro.txn().unwrap();
+                for _ in 0..n {
+                    let i = rng.gen::<usize>() % size;
+                    let j = rng.gen::<usize>() % size;
+                    tree.mov(&mut txn, ids[i], ids[j]).unwrap_or_default();
+                }
+                drop(txn)
+            })
+        });
+
+        b.bench_function("100 node random checkout 10^3", |b| {
+            let mut loro = LoroDoc::default();
+            let tree = loro.get_tree("tree");
+            let mut ids = vec![];
+            let mut versions = vec![];
+            let size = 100;
+            for _ in 0..size {
+                ids.push(loro.with_txn(|txn| tree.create(txn)).unwrap())
+            }
+            let mut rng: StdRng = rand::SeedableRng::seed_from_u64(0);
+            let mut n = 1000;
+            while n > 0 {
+                let i = rng.gen::<usize>() % size;
+                let j = rng.gen::<usize>() % size;
+                if loro.with_txn(|txn| tree.mov(txn, ids[i], ids[j])).is_ok() {
+                    versions.push(loro.oplog_frontiers());
+                    n -= 1;
+                };
+            }
+            b.iter(|| {
+                for _ in 0..1000 {
+                    let i = rng.gen::<usize>() % 1000;
+                    let f = &versions[i];
+                    loro.checkout(f).unwrap();
+                }
+            })
+        });
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn dumb(_c: &mut Criterion) {}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "test_utils")]
+criterion_group!(benches, tree::tree_move);
+#[cfg(not(feature = "test_utils"))]
+criterion_group!(benches, dumb);
+criterion_main!(benches);

From c17a57899df3aa7f5ceb149f21db4d6498f9bb3f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 16:11:19 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 057/111] chore: clean

---
 crates/loro-internal/examples/tree.rs         |  26 ++++
 crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs             |   6 +-
 .../loro-internal/src/container/tree/mod.rs   |   1 -
 .../src/container/tree/tracker.rs             | 127 ------------------
 .../src/container/tree/tree_op.rs             |  10 --
 crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs        |  19 ---
 crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs    | 108 +--------------
 crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs             |   2 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs             |   1 -
 crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs   |   4 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs  |  22 +--
 crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs               |   2 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs             |   6 +-
 13 files changed, 39 insertions(+), 295 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 crates/loro-internal/examples/tree.rs
 delete mode 100644 crates/loro-internal/src/container/tree/tracker.rs

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/examples/tree.rs b/crates/loro-internal/examples/tree.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..22983fee3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/examples/tree.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+use std::time::Instant;
+
+use loro_internal::LoroDoc;
+use rand::{rngs::StdRng, Rng};
+
+fn main() {
+    let s = Instant::now();
+    let loro = LoroDoc::default();
+    let tree = loro.get_tree("tree");
+    let mut ids = vec![];
+    let size = 10000;
+    for _ in 0..size {
+        ids.push(loro.with_txn(|txn| tree.create(txn)).unwrap())
+    }
+    let mut rng: StdRng = rand::SeedableRng::seed_from_u64(0);
+    let n = 1000000;
+
+    let mut txn = loro.txn().unwrap();
+    for _ in 0..n {
+        let i = rng.gen::<usize>() % size;
+        let j = rng.gen::<usize>() % size;
+        tree.mov(&mut txn, ids[i], ids[j]).unwrap_or_default();
+    }
+    drop(txn);
+    println!("{} ms", s.elapsed().as_millis());
+}
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs
index aa0abac54..1a1456432 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs
@@ -298,11 +298,7 @@ impl SharedArena {
     ) -> Op {
         match content {
             crate::op::RawOpContent::Map(MapSet { key, value }) => {
-                let value = if let Some(value) = value {
-                    Some(self.alloc_value(value) as u32)
-                } else {
-                    None
-                };
+                let value = value.map(|value| self.alloc_value(value) as u32);
                 Op {
                     counter,
                     container,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/tree/mod.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/tree/mod.rs
index 0786a2ab5..2ff8be6cd 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/tree/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/tree/mod.rs
@@ -1,2 +1 @@
-pub(crate) mod tracker;
 pub(crate) mod tree_op;
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/tree/tracker.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/tree/tracker.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 9a2b272c9..000000000
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/tree/tracker.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,127 +0,0 @@
-use fxhash::FxHashMap;
-use loro_common::{Counter, HasId, IdSpan, ID};
-use rle::{HasLength, RleVec, Sliceable};
-
-use crate::{
-    container::text::tracker::id_to_u128,
-    op::{InnerContent, RichOp},
-    VersionVector,
-};
-
-use super::tree_op::TreeOp;
-
-#[derive(Debug, Default)]
-pub(crate) struct TreeTracker {
-    /// from start_vv to latest vv are applied
-    start_vv: VersionVector,
-    /// latest applied ops version vector
-    all_vv: VersionVector,
-    /// current content version vector
-    current_vv: VersionVector,
-    id_to_op: FxHashMap<u128, TreeOp>,
-    content: RleVec<[TreeOp; 0]>,
-}
-
-impl TreeTracker {
-    pub fn new(start_vv: VersionVector) -> Self {
-        TreeTracker {
-            all_vv: start_vv.clone(),
-            current_vv: start_vv.clone(),
-            start_vv,
-            id_to_op: Default::default(),
-            content: Default::default(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn checkout(&mut self, vv: &VersionVector) {
-        if &self.current_vv == vv {
-            // we can return here even if in for_diff mode.
-            // because by default after_status will use the status in the current version
-            return;
-        }
-
-        let self_vv = std::mem::take(&mut self.current_vv);
-        {
-            let diff = self_vv.diff_iter(vv);
-            self.retreat(diff.0);
-            self.forward(diff.1);
-        }
-        self.current_vv = vv.clone();
-        todo!();
-    }
-
-    pub fn track_apply(&mut self, rich_op: &RichOp) {
-        let content = rich_op.get_sliced().content;
-        let id = rich_op.id_start();
-        if self
-            .all_vv()
-            .includes_id(id.inc(content.atom_len() as Counter - 1))
-        {
-            self.forward(std::iter::once(id.to_span(content.atom_len())));
-            return;
-        }
-
-        if self.all_vv().includes_id(id) {
-            let this_ctr = self.all_vv().get(&id.peer).unwrap();
-            let shift = this_ctr - id.counter;
-            self.forward(std::iter::once(id.to_span(shift as usize)));
-            if shift as usize >= content.atom_len() {
-                unreachable!();
-            }
-            self.apply(
-                id.inc(shift),
-                &content.slice(shift as usize, content.atom_len()),
-            );
-        } else {
-            self.apply(id, &content)
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// apply an operation directly to the current tracker
-    fn apply(&mut self, id: ID, content: &InnerContent) {
-        assert!(*self.current_vv.get(&id.peer).unwrap_or(&0) <= id.counter);
-        assert!(*self.all_vv.get(&id.peer).unwrap_or(&0) <= id.counter);
-        self.current_vv
-            .set_end(id.inc(content.content_len() as i32));
-        self.all_vv.set_end(id.inc(content.content_len() as i32));
-        let tree_op = content.as_tree().expect("Content is not for tree");
-        self.id_to_op.insert(id_to_u128(id), *tree_op);
-    }
-
-    fn forward(&mut self, spans: impl Iterator<Item = IdSpan>) {
-        for span in spans {
-            let end_id = ID::new(span.client_id, span.counter.end);
-            // if !for_diff {
-            //     self.current_vv.set_end(end_id);
-            // }
-            if let Some(all_end_ctr) = self.all_vv.get(&span.client_id) {
-                let all_end = *all_end_ctr;
-                if all_end < span.counter.end {
-                    // there may be holes when there are multiple containers
-                    self.all_vv.insert(span.client_id, span.counter.end);
-                }
-                if all_end <= span.counter.start {
-                    continue;
-                }
-            } else {
-                self.all_vv.set_end(end_id);
-                continue;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn retreat(&mut self, spans: impl Iterator<Item = IdSpan>) {}
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn start_vv(&self) -> &VersionVector {
-        &self.start_vv
-    }
-
-    pub fn all_vv(&self) -> &VersionVector {
-        &self.all_vv
-    }
-
-    pub fn contains(&self, id: ID) -> bool {
-        self.all_vv.includes_id(id)
-    }
-}
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/tree/tree_op.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/tree/tree_op.rs
index 915e66c15..cc7ca5969 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/tree/tree_op.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/tree/tree_op.rs
@@ -8,16 +8,6 @@ pub struct TreeOp {
     pub(crate) parent: Option<TreeID>,
 }
 
-impl TreeOp {
-    pub(crate) fn is_delete(&self) -> bool {
-        TreeID::is_deleted(self.parent)
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn is_root(&self) -> bool {
-        self.parent.is_none()
-    }
-}
-
 impl HasLength for TreeOp {
     fn content_len(&self) -> usize {
         1
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs
index 108beb63b..642160d94 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs
@@ -17,24 +17,5 @@ impl TreeDelta {
     // TODO:
     pub(crate) fn compose(&self, x: TreeDelta) -> TreeDelta {
         todo!();
-        // let mut diff = self
-        //     .diff
-        //     .iter()
-        //     .map(|(k, v)| (*k, *v))
-        //     .collect::<FxHashMap<_, _>>();
-        // for (k, v) in x.diff.into_iter() {
-        //     if let Some(old) = diff.get_mut(&k) {
-        //         if &v > old {
-        //             *old = v;
-        //         }
-        //     } else {
-        //         diff.insert(k, v);
-        //     }
-        // }
-        // let diff = diff
-        //     .into_iter()
-        //     .sorted_by_key(|(_, v)| *v)
-        //     .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-        // TreeDelta { diff }
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs
index 6bafced98..608c7de28 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 use std::{
-    collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet},
+    collections::{ BTreeSet},
     ops::{Deref, DerefMut},
 };
 
-use fxhash::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
+use fxhash::{FxHashMap};
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use loro_common::{CounterSpan, IdSpan, TreeID, DELETED_TREE_ROOT, ID};
 
-use crate::{change::Lamport, delta::TreeDelta, version::Frontiers, VersionVector};
+use crate::{change::Lamport, delta::TreeDelta,  VersionVector};
 
 use super::CompactTreeNode;
 
@@ -249,105 +249,3 @@ impl TreeDiffCache {
         }
     }
 }
-
-// impl TreeParentCache {
-//     pub(super) fn add_node(&mut self, node: &CompactTreeNode) -> Result<(), ()> {
-//         let lamport_id = node.lamport_id();
-//         if self.visited.contains(&lamport_id) {
-//             return Ok(());
-//         }
-//         self.visited.insert(lamport_id);
-//         if let Some(parent) = node.parent {
-//             let nodes = self.is_ancestor_of(node.target, parent);
-//             if !nodes.is_empty() {
-//                 let (id, n) = nodes
-//                     .into_iter()
-//                     .map(|n| {
-//                         let id = self
-//                             .cache
-//                             .get(&n)
-//                             .and_then(|n| n.last_key_value())
-//                             .map(|(k, _)| *k)
-//                             .unwrap();
-//                         (id, n)
-//                     })
-//                     .max()
-//                     .unwrap();
-//                 if id > (node.lamport, node.peer, node.counter) {
-//                     // the last one will cause cycle move, add new old parent for this lamport time
-//                     let len = self.cache.get_mut(&n).unwrap().len();
-//                     let p = if len > 1 {
-//                         let (_, old_parent) =
-//                             self.cache.get(&n).unwrap().iter().rev().nth(1).unwrap();
-//                         *old_parent
-//                     } else {
-//                         DELETED_TREE_ROOT
-//                     };
-//                     self.cache
-//                         .get_mut(&n)
-//                         .unwrap()
-//                         .insert((node.lamport, node.peer, node.counter), p);
-//                     // println!("REMOVE PARENT {:?}", p.unwrap().1)
-//                 } else {
-//                     return Err(());
-//                 }
-//             }
-//         }
-
-//         let entry = self
-//             .cache
-//             .entry(node.target)
-//             .or_insert_with(BTreeMap::default);
-//         if let Some((_, v)) = entry.last_key_value() {
-//             if *v != node.parent {
-//                 entry.insert((node.lamport, node.peer, node.counter), node.parent);
-//             }
-//         } else {
-//             entry.insert((node.lamport, node.peer, node.counter), node.parent);
-//         }
-
-//         Ok(())
-//     }
-
-//     fn get_old_parent(&self, node: &CompactTreeNode, from: &VersionVector) -> Option<TreeID> {
-//         let mut old_parent = DELETED_TREE_ROOT;
-//         if let Some(cache) = self.cache.get(&node.target) {
-//             for (id, parent) in cache.iter().rev() {
-//                 if from.includes_id(ID {
-//                     peer: id.1,
-//                     counter: id.2,
-//                 }) && *id < (node.lamport, node.peer, node.counter)
-//                 {
-//                     old_parent = *parent;
-//                     break;
-//                 }
-//             }
-//         }
-//         old_parent
-//     }
-
-//     fn is_ancestor_of(&self, maybe_ancestor: TreeID, mut node_id: TreeID) -> Vec<TreeID> {
-//         if maybe_ancestor == node_id {
-//             return vec![node_id];
-//         }
-
-//         let mut ans = vec![node_id];
-//         loop {
-//             let parent = self
-//                 .cache
-//                 .get(&node_id)
-//                 .and_then(|n| n.last_key_value())
-//                 .and_then(|(_, p)| *p);
-
-//             match parent {
-//                 Some(parent_id) if parent_id == maybe_ancestor => return ans,
-//                 Some(parent_id) if parent_id == node_id => panic!("loop detected"),
-//                 Some(parent_id) => {
-//                     node_id = parent_id;
-//                     ans.push(parent_id);
-//                 }
-//                 None => return vec![],
-//             }
-//         }
-//     }
-// }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs
index 8681e6a77..851e70628 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ impl Diff {
             (Diff::Map(a), Diff::Map(b)) => Ok(Diff::Map(a.compose(b))),
             (Diff::NewMap(a), Diff::NewMap(b)) => Ok(Diff::NewMap(a.compose(b))),
             // TODO: tree
-            (Diff::Tree(a), Diff::Tree(b)) => unreachable!(),
+            (Diff::Tree(a), Diff::Tree(b)) => todo!(),
             (a, _) => Err(a),
         }
     }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
index 3bbed0e91..3162e19b9 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ use std::rc::Rc;
 use std::sync::Mutex;
 
 use fxhash::FxHashMap;
-use loro_common::TreeID;
 use rle::{HasLength, RleVec};
 // use tabled::measurment::Percent;
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
index 9130011a2..c464626bd 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
@@ -697,7 +697,7 @@ fn encode_oplog(oplog: &OpLog, state_ref: Option<PreEncodedState>) -> FinalPhase
         mut key_lookup,
         mut value_lookup,
         mut peer_lookup,
-        mut tree_id_lookup,
+        tree_id_lookup,
         app_state,
     } = state_ref;
     if common.container_ids.is_empty() {
@@ -707,7 +707,7 @@ fn encode_oplog(oplog: &OpLog, state_ref: Option<PreEncodedState>) -> FinalPhase
     let mut bytes = Vec::with_capacity(arena.text.len());
     let mut extra_keys = Vec::new();
     let mut extra_values = Vec::new();
-    let mut extra_tree_ids = Vec::new();
+    let extra_tree_ids = Vec::new();
 
     let mut record_key = |key: &InternalString| {
         if let Some(idx) = key_lookup.get(key) {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
index b14300476..543731306 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ use crate::{arena::SharedArena, container::tree::tree_op::TreeOp, event::Diff, o
 
 use super::ContainerState;
 
-// TODO: use arena save TreeID
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct TreeState {
     trees: FxHashMap<TreeID, Option<TreeID>>,
@@ -38,7 +37,7 @@ impl TreeState {
         // let mut deleted = false;
         let mut contained = false;
 
-        if let Some(old_parent) = self.trees.get_mut(&target) {
+        if let Some(_old_parent) = self.trees.get_mut(&target) {
             contained = true;
             // if TreeID::is_deleted(*old_parent) {
             //     deleted = true;
@@ -107,9 +106,6 @@ impl TreeState {
                 }
                 None => return false,
             }
-            if TreeID::is_deleted(Some(*node_id)) {
-                return false;
-            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -169,14 +165,9 @@ impl TreeState {
 impl ContainerState for TreeState {
     fn apply_diff(&mut self, diff: &mut Diff, _arena: &SharedArena) -> LoroResult<()> {
         if let Diff::Tree(tree) = diff {
-            let mut removed_diff = Vec::new();
-            for (idx, (target, parent)) in tree.diff.iter().enumerate() {
-                if let Err(LoroError::CyclicMoveError) = self.mov(*target, *parent) {
-                    removed_diff.push(idx);
-                }
-            }
-            while let Some(idx) = removed_diff.pop() {
-                tree.diff.remove(idx);
+            for (target, parent) in tree.diff.iter() {
+                // assert never cause cycle move
+                self.mov(*target, *parent).unwrap_or_default()
             }
         }
         Ok(())
@@ -204,11 +195,6 @@ impl ContainerState for TreeState {
         self.in_txn = false;
         while let Some(op) = self.undo_items.pop() {
             let TreeUndoItem { target, old_parent } = op;
-            // TODO: not delete? new node?
-            if old_parent == DELETED_TREE_ROOT {
-                self.trees.remove(&target);
-                continue;
-            }
             self.mov(target, old_parent).unwrap();
         }
     }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
index 6b2593e03..57c8e6478 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ fn change_to_diff(
                         ),
                     },
                     crate::op::InnerContent::Map(map) => {
-                        let value = map.value.map(|v| arena.get_value(v as usize)).flatten();
+                        let value = map.value.and_then(|v| arena.get_value(v as usize));
                         let mut updated: FxHashMap<_, _> = Default::default();
                         updated.insert(
                             map.key.clone(),
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
index caf3278be..252427487 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
@@ -81,11 +81,7 @@ impl ApplyDiff for LoroValue {
                         }
                     }
                     *value = Arc::new(s);
-                }
-                // else if value.is_empty() {
-                //     *value = Arc::new(Forest::default().apply_diffs(diff).to_json())
-                // }
-                else {
+                } else {
                     let forest = Forest::from_json(value).unwrap();
                     let diff_forest = forest.apply_diffs(diff);
                     *value = Arc::new(diff_forest.to_json())

From f0bc30ee88051d1dfad94b462339449694d58e7f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 16:11:19 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 058/111] fix: apply node uncheck

---
 crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs | 18 +++++++++++++++---
 crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs          |  2 +-
 2 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs
index 608c7de28..27b732cff 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 use std::{
-    collections::{ BTreeSet},
+    collections::BTreeSet,
     ops::{Deref, DerefMut},
 };
 
-use fxhash::{FxHashMap};
+use fxhash::FxHashMap;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use loro_common::{CounterSpan, IdSpan, TreeID, DELETED_TREE_ROOT, ID};
 
-use crate::{change::Lamport, delta::TreeDelta,  VersionVector};
+use crate::{change::Lamport, delta::TreeDelta, VersionVector};
 
 use super::CompactTreeNode;
 
@@ -98,6 +98,18 @@ impl TreeDiffCache {
         }
     }
 
+    pub(crate) fn add_node_uncheck(&mut self, node: &CompactTreeNode) {
+        if !self.all_version.includes_id(node.id()) {
+            self.cache
+                .entry(node.target)
+                .or_insert_with(Default::default)
+                .insert(node.move_lamport_id());
+            // assert len == 1
+            self.current_version.set_last(node.id());
+            self.all_version.set_last(node.id());
+        }
+    }
+
     pub(super) fn diff(
         &mut self,
         from: &VersionVector,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
index 3162e19b9..5a29c2a5a 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ impl OpLog {
         let mut tree_cache = self.tree_parent_cache.lock().unwrap();
         for op in change.ops().iter() {
             if let crate::op::InnerContent::Tree(tree) = op.content {
-                let _ = tree_cache.add_node(&CompactTreeNode {
+                tree_cache.add_node_uncheck(&CompactTreeNode {
                     lamport: change.lamport,
                     peer: change.id.peer,
                     counter: op.counter,

From 1cb0c97bef49a1a382611766c30477fe5f37f7a8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 16:11:19 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 059/111] perf: lamport bound

---
 crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs      | 103 ++++++++-------------
 crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs |  18 +++-
 2 files changed, 52 insertions(+), 69 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
index 8927085a0..f135271b3 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-use std::collections::BTreeSet;
 pub(super) mod tree;
 pub(super) use tree::TreeDiffCache;
 
@@ -10,7 +9,7 @@ use crate::{
     change::Lamport,
     container::{idx::ContainerIdx, tree::tree_op::TreeOp},
     dag::DagUtils,
-    delta::{MapDelta, MapValue, TreeDelta},
+    delta::{MapDelta, MapValue},
     event::Diff,
     id::Counter,
     op::RichOp,
@@ -469,6 +468,24 @@ pub(super) struct CompactTreeNode {
     pub(super) parent: Option<TreeID>,
 }
 
+impl TreeDiffCalculator {
+    fn get_min_lamport_by_frontiers(&self, frontiers: &Frontiers, oplog: &OpLog) -> Lamport {
+        frontiers
+            .iter()
+            .map(|id| oplog.get_change_at(*id).map(|c| c.lamport).unwrap())
+            .min()
+            .unwrap_or(0)
+    }
+
+    fn get_max_lamport_by_frontiers(&self, frontiers: &Frontiers, oplog: &OpLog) -> Lamport {
+        frontiers
+            .iter()
+            .map(|id| oplog.get_change_at(*id).map(|c| c.lamport).unwrap())
+            .max()
+            .unwrap_or(Lamport::MAX)
+    }
+}
+
 // TODO: tree
 impl DiffCalculatorTrait for TreeDiffCalculator {
     fn start_tracking(&mut self, _oplog: &OpLog, _vv: &crate::VersionVector) {}
@@ -504,75 +521,31 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for TreeDiffCalculator {
         debug_log::debug_log!("from {:?} to {:?}", from, to);
         let mut merged_vv = from.clone();
         merged_vv.merge(to);
-        let from_frontiers_inner;
-        let to_frontiers_inner;
-        let from_frontiers = {
-            from_frontiers_inner = Some(from.to_frontiers(&oplog.dag));
-            from_frontiers_inner.as_ref().unwrap()
-        };
-        let to_frontiers = {
-            to_frontiers_inner = Some(to.to_frontiers(&oplog.dag));
-            to_frontiers_inner.as_ref().unwrap()
-        };
-        let common_ancestors = oplog.dag.find_common_ancestor(from_frontiers, to_frontiers);
+        let from_frontiers = from.to_frontiers(&oplog.dag);
+        let to_frontiers = to.to_frontiers(&oplog.dag);
+        let common_ancestors = oplog
+            .dag
+            .find_common_ancestor(&from_frontiers, &to_frontiers);
         let lca_vv = oplog.dag.frontiers_to_vv(&common_ancestors).unwrap();
+        let lca_frontiers = lca_vv.to_frontiers(&oplog.dag);
         debug_log::debug_log!("lca vv {:?}", lca_vv);
 
         let mut tree_cache = oplog.tree_parent_cache.lock().unwrap();
-        let diff = tree_cache.diff(from, to, &lca_vv);
+        let to_max_lamport = self.get_max_lamport_by_frontiers(&to_frontiers, oplog);
+        let lca_min_lamport = self.get_min_lamport_by_frontiers(&lca_frontiers, oplog);
+        let from_min_lamport = self.get_min_lamport_by_frontiers(&from_frontiers, oplog);
+        let from_max_lamport = self.get_max_lamport_by_frontiers(&from_frontiers, oplog);
+        let diff = tree_cache.diff(
+            from,
+            to,
+            &lca_vv,
+            to_max_lamport,
+            lca_min_lamport,
+            from_min_lamport,
+            from_max_lamport,
+        );
         debug_log::debug_log!("\ndiff {:?}", diff);
 
         Diff::Tree(diff)
-        // let debug = false;
-
-        // if debug {
-        //     println!("lca vv {:?}", lca_vv);
-        // }
-        // let mut latest_vv = lca_vv.clone();
-        // let mut need_revert_ops = Vec::new();
-        // let mut apply_ops = Vec::new();
-        // for node in self.nodes.iter() {
-        //     let id = ID {
-        //         peer: node.peer,
-        //         counter: node.counter,
-        //     };
-
-        //     if from.includes_id(id) && !lca_vv.includes_id(id) {
-        //         need_revert_ops.push(node);
-        //         latest_vv.set_end(id);
-        //     }
-        //     if to.includes_id(id) && !lca_vv.includes_id(id) {
-        //         apply_ops.push(node)
-        //     }
-        // }
-
-        // let mut diff = Vec::new();
-
-        // if debug {
-        //     println!("cache {:?}", tree_cache);
-        // }
-        // while let Some(node) = need_revert_ops.pop() {
-        //     let target = node.target;
-        //     let old_parent = tree_cache.get_old_parent(node, from);
-        //     if debug {
-        //         println!(
-        //             "{:?} old parent {:?}   lamport {}",
-        //             target, old_parent, node.lamport
-        //         );
-        //     }
-        //     diff.push((target, old_parent));
-        // }
-        // if debug {
-        //     println!("\nrevert op {:?}", diff);
-        // }
-
-        // for node in apply_ops {
-        //     diff.push((node.target, node.parent));
-        // }
-        // if debug {
-        //     println!("\ndiff {:?}", diff);
-        // }
-
-        // Diff::Tree(TreeDelta { diff })
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs
index 27b732cff..1fcf09332 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs
@@ -115,6 +115,10 @@ impl TreeDiffCache {
         from: &VersionVector,
         to: &VersionVector,
         lca: &VersionVector,
+        to_max_lamport: Lamport,
+        lca_min_lamport: Lamport,
+        from_min_lamport: Lamport,
+        from_max_lamport: Lamport,
     ) -> TreeDelta {
         // TODO: calc min max lamport
         // println!("\nFROM {:?} TO {:?} LCA {:?}", from, to, lca);
@@ -123,14 +127,20 @@ impl TreeDiffCache {
         //     "current vv {:?}  all vv {:?}",
         //     self.current_version, self.all_version
         // );
-        self.calc_diff(to, lca)
+        self.calc_diff(to, lca, to_max_lamport, lca_min_lamport)
     }
 
-    fn calc_diff(&mut self, to: &VersionVector, lca: &VersionVector) -> TreeDelta {
+    fn calc_diff(
+        &mut self,
+        to: &VersionVector,
+        lca: &VersionVector,
+        to_max_lamport: Lamport,
+        lca_min_lamport: Lamport,
+    ) -> TreeDelta {
         let debug = false;
 
         let mut diff = Vec::new();
-        let revert_ops = self.retreat(lca, 0);
+        let revert_ops = self.retreat(lca, lca_min_lamport);
         for op in revert_ops.iter().sorted().rev() {
             if op.effected {
                 let old_parent = self.get_parent(op.target);
@@ -142,7 +152,7 @@ impl TreeDiffCache {
             println!("revert diff {:?}", diff);
         }
 
-        let apply_ops = self.forward(to, Lamport::MAX);
+        let apply_ops = self.forward(to, to_max_lamport);
         if debug {
             println!("apply ops {:?}", apply_ops);
         }

From 2efa6be692965d7fb1ceccf62c38545b99acdc5d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 16:11:19 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 060/111] fix: calc old parent

---
 crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs      |   3 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs |  61 ++++-
 crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs      | 298 ++++++++++++++++++++-
 crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs          |   5 +-
 4 files changed, 348 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
index f135271b3..a468f789b 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
@@ -541,8 +541,7 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for TreeDiffCalculator {
             &lca_vv,
             to_max_lamport,
             lca_min_lamport,
-            from_min_lamport,
-            from_max_lamport,
+            (from_min_lamport, from_max_lamport),
         );
         debug_log::debug_log!("\ndiff {:?}", diff);
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs
index 1fcf09332..01e7f1f5f 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs
@@ -117,16 +117,19 @@ impl TreeDiffCache {
         lca: &VersionVector,
         to_max_lamport: Lamport,
         lca_min_lamport: Lamport,
-        from_min_lamport: Lamport,
-        from_max_lamport: Lamport,
+        from_min_max_lamport: (Lamport, Lamport),
     ) -> TreeDelta {
-        // TODO: calc min max lamport
         // println!("\nFROM {:?} TO {:?} LCA {:?}", from, to, lca);
-        self.checkout(from, 0, Lamport::MAX);
+        self.checkout(from, from_min_max_lamport.0, from_min_max_lamport.1);
         // println!(
         //     "current vv {:?}  all vv {:?}",
         //     self.current_version, self.all_version
         // );
+        // println!("cache {:?}", self.cache);
+        // println!(
+        //     "to_max_lamport {} lca_min_lamport {}",
+        //     to_max_lamport, lca_min_lamport
+        // );
         self.calc_diff(to, lca, to_max_lamport, lca_min_lamport)
     }
 
@@ -140,16 +143,18 @@ impl TreeDiffCache {
         let debug = false;
 
         let mut diff = Vec::new();
-        let revert_ops = self.retreat(lca, lca_min_lamport);
-        for op in revert_ops.iter().sorted().rev() {
+        let revert_ops = self.retreat_for_diff(lca, lca_min_lamport);
+        for (op, old_parent) in revert_ops.iter().sorted().rev() {
             if op.effected {
-                let old_parent = self.get_parent(op.target);
-                diff.push((op.target, old_parent));
+                diff.push((op.target, *old_parent));
             }
         }
         assert_eq!(&self.current_version, lca);
         if debug {
-            println!("revert diff {:?}", diff);
+            println!("revert diff:");
+            for (t, p) in diff.iter() {
+                println!("    target {:?} to {:?}", t, p);
+            }
         }
 
         let apply_ops = self.forward(to, to_max_lamport);
@@ -159,6 +164,9 @@ impl TreeDiffCache {
         for op in apply_ops.into_iter() {
             let effected = self.apply(op);
             if effected {
+                if debug {
+                    println!("    target {:?} to {:?}", op.target, op.parent);
+                }
                 diff.push((op.target, op.parent))
             }
         }
@@ -189,7 +197,7 @@ impl TreeDiffCache {
         if vv == &self.current_version {
             return;
         }
-        let _retreat_ops = self.retreat(vv, min_lamport);
+        self.retreat(vv, min_lamport);
         let apply_ops = self.forward(vv, max_lamport);
         for op in apply_ops {
             let _effected = self.apply(op);
@@ -214,7 +222,7 @@ impl TreeDiffCache {
         apply_ops
     }
 
-    fn retreat(&mut self, vv: &VersionVector, min_lamport: Lamport) -> Vec<MoveLamportAndID> {
+    fn retreat(&mut self, vv: &VersionVector, min_lamport: Lamport) {
         // remove ops from cache, and then insert to pending
         let mut retreat_ops = Vec::new();
         for (_, ops) in self.cache.iter() {
@@ -227,7 +235,6 @@ impl TreeDiffCache {
                 }
             }
         }
-        // TODO: perf
         for op in retreat_ops.iter() {
             self.cache.get_mut(&op.target).unwrap().remove(op);
             self.pending.insert(*op);
@@ -236,9 +243,39 @@ impl TreeDiffCache {
                 counter: CounterSpan::new(op.id.counter, op.id.counter + 1),
             })
         }
+    }
+
+    fn retreat_for_diff(
+        &mut self,
+        vv: &VersionVector,
+        min_lamport: Lamport,
+    ) -> Vec<(MoveLamportAndID, Option<TreeID>)> {
+        // remove ops from cache, and then insert to pending
+        let mut retreat_ops = Vec::new();
+        for (_, ops) in self.cache.iter() {
+            for op in ops.iter().rev() {
+                if op.lamport < min_lamport {
+                    break;
+                }
+                if !vv.includes_id(op.id) {
+                    retreat_ops.push((*op, None))
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        for (op, old_parent) in retreat_ops.iter_mut() {
+            self.cache.get_mut(&op.target).unwrap().remove(op);
+            self.pending.insert(*op);
+            self.current_version.shrink_to_exclude(IdSpan {
+                client_id: op.id.peer,
+                counter: CounterSpan::new(op.id.counter, op.id.counter + 1),
+            });
+            // calc old parent
+            *old_parent = self.get_parent(op.target);
+        }
         retreat_ops
     }
 
+    /// get the parent of the first effected op
     fn get_parent(&self, tree_id: TreeID) -> Option<TreeID> {
         if tree_id == DELETED_TREE_ROOT.unwrap() {
             return None;
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs
index 2b4eb365a..82df505d0 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs
@@ -333,8 +333,8 @@ impl Tabled for Action {
                     "tree".into(),
                     format!("{}", site).into(),
                     format!("{}", container_idx).into(),
-                    action_str.into(),
                     format!("{:?}", target).into(),
+                    action_str.into(),
                 ]
             }
         }
@@ -1479,6 +1479,302 @@ mod failed_tests {
         )
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn tree5() {
+        test_multi_sites(
+            5,
+            &mut vec![
+                Tree {
+                    site: 14,
+                    container_idx: 191,
+                    action: TreeAction::Delete,
+                    target: (414464409599, 255),
+                    parent: (4968596288896434432, 1145324612),
+                },
+                SyncAll,
+                Tree {
+                    site: 17,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (34359738623, 1029),
+                    parent: (64738145635133189, 1751653634),
+                },
+                // Sync { from: 104, to: 104 },
+                // Sync { from: 67, to: 104 },
+                SyncAll,
+                Tree {
+                    site: 255,
+                    container_idx: 255,
+                    action: TreeAction::Create,
+                    target: (0, -1583284224),
+                    parent: (369057, -1583284224),
+                },
+                // Sync { from: 0, to: 0 },
+                // Sync { from: 121, to: 121 },
+                // Sync { from: 0, to: 0 },
+                SyncAll,
+                Tree {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (35322350018592125, 3817472),
+                    parent: (71870677115347968, 16809472),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    action: TreeAction::Create,
+                    target: (11646767825262886462, 10592673),
+                    parent: (9042521604759584125, 3072),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 7,
+                    action: TreeAction::Create,
+                    target: (11618792525711540224, -1583242847),
+                    parent: (303521, -1583284224),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (123146887330169, 0),
+                    parent: (9042521065783296000, 2105377409),
+                },
+                Sync { from: 125, to: 125 },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    action: TreeAction::Create,
+                    target: (6801176102849887806, -10552482),
+                    parent: (11646590111356878847, 4104609),
+                },
+                // Sync { from: 0, to: 121 },
+                // Sync { from: 0, to: 112 },
+                SyncAll,
+                Tree {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    action: TreeAction::Create,
+                    target: (9042527119497592064, 1073741949),
+                    parent: (71870926773289018, 33390080),
+                },
+                SyncAll,
+                Tree {
+                    site: 62,
+                    container_idx: 62,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (9042384321031283105, 2105376125),
+                    parent: (201358717, 1040187392),
+                },
+                // Sync { from: 161, to: 161 },
+                // Sync { from: 251, to: 255 },
+                SyncAll,
+                Tree {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (8719105218031124542, 1585019257),
+                    parent: (28672, 0),
+                },
+                SyncAll,
+                Tree {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 64,
+                    action: TreeAction::Create,
+                    target: (143409301627557434, -452984704),
+                    parent: (8863198864297755136, 6842472),
+                },
+                Sync { from: 161, to: 62 },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 124,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (7340126, 0),
+                    parent: (9042521604759552000, 32125),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 36,
+                    container_idx: 58,
+                    action: TreeAction::Delete,
+                    target: (26392582291456, 0),
+                    parent: (11618792525715619574, -1583242847),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    action: TreeAction::Create,
+                    target: (268999696801, 2030074880),
+                    parent: (123146887330169, 0),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 125,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (16395917401619837, 1446650880),
+                    parent: (36030985271247103, 33613056),
+                },
+                Sync { from: 0, to: 123 },
+                Sync { from: 106, to: 0 },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 77,
+                    container_idx: 77,
+                    action: TreeAction::Create,
+                    target: (4683480280727375181, 1573120),
+                    parent: (4485022278907592704, 1044266558),
+                },
+                Sync { from: 161, to: 161 },
+                Sync { from: 161, to: 62 },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 152,
+                    container_idx: 152,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (11000209871015024792, 26780056),
+                    parent: (1177972780094232704, 36608),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (2233785415186356376, 522133279),
+                    parent: (16326094112104223, -1734240104),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 255,
+                    container_idx: 255,
+                    action: TreeAction::Create,
+                    target: (16493559523500359679, -454761244),
+                    parent: (16493559407081481444, 15000804),
+                },
+                SyncAll,
+                Tree {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    action: TreeAction::Delete,
+                    target: (8759942804610847, 1077952642),
+                    parent: (4629771061636907072, 1077952576),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 35,
+                    action: TreeAction::Create,
+                    target: (4629771061636890624, 1077952576),
+                    parent: (2667528256, 16711680),
+                },
+                SyncAll,
+                Tree {
+                    site: 78,
+                    container_idx: 78,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (15924828756454277119, -161480704),
+                    parent: (949193765217, 16777209),
+                },
+                // Tree {
+                //     site: 0,
+                //     container_idx: 0,
+                //     action: TreeAction::Create,
+                //     target: (280650342989568, 402718846),
+                //     parent: (4467570830351532032, 1044266558),
+                // },
+                // Sync { from: 161, to: 161 },
+                // Tree {
+                //     site: 0,
+                //     container_idx: 0,
+                //     action: TreeAction::Create,
+                //     target: (268999696801, 2030074880),
+                //     parent: (123146887330169, 0),
+                // },
+                // Tree {
+                //     site: 0,
+                //     container_idx: 125,
+                //     action: TreeAction::Move,
+                //     target: (16395917401619837, 1446650880),
+                //     parent: (36030985271247103, 33613056),
+                // },
+                // Sync { from: 0, to: 123 },
+                // Sync { from: 106, to: 0 },
+                // Tree {
+                //     site: 104,
+                //     container_idx: 42,
+                //     action: TreeAction::Move,
+                //     target: (0, 0),
+                //     parent: (24186560929, 0),
+                // },
+                // Sync { from: 62, to: 0 },
+                // Sync { from: 0, to: 121 },
+                // Tree {
+                //     site: 0,
+                //     container_idx: 0,
+                //     action: TreeAction::Create,
+                //     target: (0, -16843010),
+                //     parent: (360005391389490942, 0),
+                // },
+                // Sync { from: 161, to: 161 },
+                // Tree {
+                //     site: 0,
+                //     container_idx: 0,
+                //     action: TreeAction::Move,
+                //     target: (481042528633, 0),
+                //     parent: (9330751978805919744, 2105376130),
+                // },
+                // Sync { from: 125, to: 125 },
+                // Tree {
+                //     site: 58,
+                //     container_idx: 58,
+                //     action: TreeAction::Create,
+                //     target: (4195730024608447034, 976894522),
+                //     parent: (4195730024608447034, 976894522),
+                // },
+                // Tree {
+                //     site: 58,
+                //     container_idx: 58,
+                //     action: TreeAction::Create,
+                //     target: (4195730024608447034, 976894522),
+                //     parent: (4195730024608447034, 976894522),
+                // },
+                // Tree {
+                //     site: 125,
+                //     container_idx: 125,
+                //     action: TreeAction::Create,
+                //     target: (71870926773289018, 33390080),
+                //     parent: (7502154757134352512, 2063624296),
+                // },
+                // Sync { from: 106, to: 0 },
+                // Tree {
+                //     site: 231,
+                //     container_idx: 104,
+                //     action: TreeAction::Create,
+                //     target: (116, 0),
+                //     parent: (6191759597824, 0),
+                // },
+                // Sync { from: 161, to: 62 },
+                // Tree {
+                //     site: 124,
+                //     container_idx: 0,
+                //     action: TreeAction::Move,
+                //     target: (7340126, 0),
+                //     parent: (9042521604759552000, 32125),
+                // },
+                // Tree {
+                //     site: 36,
+                //     container_idx: 58,
+                //     action: TreeAction::Delete,
+                //     target: (26392582291456, 0),
+                //     parent: (11618792525715619328, -1583242847),
+                // },
+                // Sync { from: 125, to: 125 },
+                // Sync { from: 125, to: 0 },
+                // Tree {
+                //     site: 0,
+                //     container_idx: 0,
+                //     action: TreeAction::Create,
+                //     target: (4485022278907592704, -1583268290),
+                //     parent: (5092247970209, 0),
+                // },
+            ],
+        )
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn tree_replace_old_parent() {
         test_multi_sites(
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
index 5a29c2a5a..581139f7b 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
@@ -418,10 +418,7 @@ impl OpLog {
                 }
             },
             crate::op::InnerContent::Map(map) => {
-                let value = map
-                    .value
-                    .map(|v| self.arena.get_value(v as usize))
-                    .flatten();
+                let value = map.value.and_then(|v| self.arena.get_value(v as usize));
                 contents.push(RawOpContent::Map(crate::container::map::MapSet {
                     key: map.key.clone(),
                     value,

From ef8b937fc9855ec1bca6a3ffee10a08d54af5be6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 16:11:19 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 061/111] feat: tree wasm

---
 crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs |  25 +++++++-
 crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs   | 107 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 loro-js/src/index.ts          |  35 ++++++++++-
 loro-js/tests/misc.test.ts    |  17 ++++++
 4 files changed, 179 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs b/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
index dcd7f89b2..2a2ed1569 100644
--- a/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
@@ -277,10 +277,10 @@ impl From<ID> for TreeID {
 
 #[cfg(feature = "wasm")]
 pub mod wasm {
-    use crate::TreeID;
+    use crate::{Counter, TreeID};
     use js_sys::Object;
-    use wasm_bindgen::JsValue;
     use wasm_bindgen::__rt::IntoJsResult;
+    use wasm_bindgen::{JsCast, JsValue};
     impl From<TreeID> for JsValue {
         fn from(value: TreeID) -> Self {
             let TreeID { peer, counter } = value;
@@ -291,4 +291,25 @@ pub mod wasm {
             obj.into_js_result().unwrap()
         }
     }
+
+    impl From<JsValue> for TreeID {
+        fn from(value: JsValue) -> Self {
+            let obj = value
+                .dyn_into::<js_sys::Object>()
+                .expect("Expected JsValue to be an object");
+
+            let peer = js_sys::Reflect::get(&obj, &JsValue::from_str("peer"))
+                .expect("Expected object to have a 'peer' property")
+                .try_into()
+                .expect("Expected 'peer' property to be a number");
+
+            let counter = js_sys::Reflect::get(&obj, &JsValue::from_str("counter"))
+                .expect("Expected object to have a 'counter' property")
+                .as_f64()
+                .expect("Expected 'counter' property to be a number")
+                as Counter;
+
+            TreeID { peer, counter }
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs b/crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs
index 8435816ac..862d40dd9 100644
--- a/crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use loro_internal::{
     configure::SecureRandomGenerator,
     container::ContainerID,
     event::{Diff, Index},
-    handler::{ListHandler, MapHandler, TextHandler},
+    handler::{ListHandler, MapHandler, TextHandler, TreeHandler},
     id::{Counter, ID},
     obs::SubID,
     txn::Transaction as Txn,
@@ -61,6 +61,8 @@ extern "C" {
     pub type JsOrigin;
     #[wasm_bindgen(typescript_type = "{ peer: bigint, counter: number }")]
     pub type JsID;
+    #[wasm_bindgen(typescript_type = "{ lamport: number, peer: bigint }")]
+    pub type JsTreeID;
 }
 
 struct MathRandom;
@@ -194,6 +196,12 @@ impl Loro {
         Ok(LoroList(list))
     }
 
+    #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "getTree")]
+    pub fn get_tree(&self, name: &str) -> JsResult<LoroTree> {
+        let tree = self.0.get_tree(name);
+        Ok(LoroTree(tree))
+    }
+
     #[wasm_bindgen(skip_typescript, js_name = "getContainerById")]
     pub fn get_container_by_id(&self, container_id: JsContainerID) -> JsResult<JsValue> {
         let container_id: ContainerID = container_id.to_owned().try_into()?;
@@ -211,6 +219,10 @@ impl Loro {
                 let list = self.0.get_list(container_id);
                 LoroList(list).into()
             }
+            ContainerType::Tree => {
+                let tree = self.0.get_tree(container_id);
+                LoroTree(tree).into()
+            }
         })
     }
 
@@ -559,6 +571,7 @@ impl LoroMap {
             ContainerType::Text => LoroText(c.into_text().unwrap()).into(),
             ContainerType::Map => LoroMap(c.into_map().unwrap()).into(),
             ContainerType::List => LoroList(c.into_list().unwrap()).into(),
+            ContainerType::Tree => LoroTree(c.into_tree().unwrap()).into(),
         };
         Ok(container)
     }
@@ -646,6 +659,7 @@ impl LoroList {
             ContainerType::Text => LoroText(c.into_text().unwrap()).into(),
             ContainerType::Map => LoroMap(c.into_map().unwrap()).into(),
             ContainerType::List => LoroList(c.into_list().unwrap()).into(),
+            ContainerType::Tree => LoroTree(c.into_tree().unwrap()).into(),
         };
         Ok(container)
     }
@@ -667,12 +681,103 @@ impl LoroList {
     }
 }
 
+#[wasm_bindgen]
+pub struct LoroTree(TreeHandler);
+
+#[wasm_bindgen]
+impl LoroTree {
+    pub fn __txn_create(&mut self, txn: &mut Transaction) -> JsResult<JsTreeID> {
+        let id = self.0.create(txn.as_mut()?)?;
+        let js_id: JsValue = id.into();
+        Ok(js_id.into())
+    }
+
+    pub fn __txn_create_children(
+        &mut self,
+        txn: &mut Transaction,
+        parent: JsTreeID,
+    ) -> JsResult<JsTreeID> {
+        let parent: JsValue = parent.into();
+        let id = self.0.create_and_mov(txn.as_mut()?, parent.into())?;
+        let js_id: JsValue = id.into();
+        Ok(js_id.into())
+    }
+
+    pub fn __txn_move(
+        &mut self,
+        txn: &mut Transaction,
+        target: JsTreeID,
+        parent: JsTreeID,
+    ) -> JsResult<()> {
+        let target: JsValue = target.into();
+        let parent: JsValue = parent.into();
+        self.0.mov(txn.as_mut()?, target.into(), parent.into())?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn __txn_delete(&mut self, txn: &mut Transaction, target: JsTreeID) -> JsResult<()> {
+        let target: JsValue = target.into();
+        self.0.delete(txn.as_mut()?, target.into())?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "id", method, getter)]
+    pub fn id(&self) -> JsContainerID {
+        let value: JsValue = self.0.id().into();
+        value.into()
+    }
+
+    #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "value", method, getter)]
+    pub fn get_value(&mut self) -> JsValue {
+        self.0.get_value().into()
+    }
+
+    #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "nodes", method, getter)]
+    pub fn nodes(&mut self) -> Vec<JsTreeID> {
+        self.0
+            .nodes()
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|n| {
+                let v: JsValue = n.into();
+                v.into()
+            })
+            .collect()
+    }
+
+    #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "parent")]
+    pub fn parent(&mut self, target: JsTreeID) -> JsResult<Option<JsTreeID>> {
+        let target: JsValue = target.into();
+        let id = target.into();
+        self.0
+            .parent(id)
+            .map(|p| {
+                p.map(|p| {
+                    let v: JsValue = p.into();
+                    v.into()
+                })
+            })
+            .ok_or(format!("node `{:?}` doesn't exist", id).into())
+    }
+
+    pub fn subscribe(&self, loro: &Loro, f: js_sys::Function) -> JsResult<u32> {
+        let observer = observer::Observer::new(f);
+        let ans = loro.0.subscribe(
+            &self.0.id(),
+            Arc::new(move |e| {
+                call_subscriber(observer.clone(), e);
+            }),
+        );
+        Ok(ans.into_u32())
+    }
+}
+
 #[wasm_bindgen(typescript_custom_section)]
 const TYPES: &'static str = r#"
 export type ContainerType = "Text" | "Map" | "List";
 export type ContainerID =
   | `/${string}:${ContainerType}`
   | `${number}@${number}:${ContainerType}`;
+export type TreeID = {lamport: number, peer: bigint};
 
 interface Loro {
     exportFrom(version?: Uint8Array): Uint8Array;
diff --git a/loro-js/src/index.ts b/loro-js/src/index.ts
index fb954eded..d3c0841ac 100644
--- a/loro-js/src/index.ts
+++ b/loro-js/src/index.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ export {
   LoroList,
   LoroMap,
   LoroText,
+  LoroTree,
   PrelimList,
   PrelimMap,
   PrelimText,
@@ -13,10 +14,12 @@ import { PrelimText } from "loro-wasm";
 import { PrelimList } from "loro-wasm";
 import {
   ContainerID,
+  TreeID,
   Loro,
   LoroList,
   LoroMap,
   LoroText,
+  LoroTree,
   Transaction,
 } from "loro-wasm";
 
@@ -79,6 +82,22 @@ LoroMap.prototype.delete = function (txn, key) {
   this.__txn_delete(txn, key);
 };
 
+LoroTree.prototype.create = function(txn){
+  return this.__txn_create(txn);
+}
+
+LoroTree.prototype.createChild = function(txn, id){
+  return this.__txn_create_children(txn, id)
+}
+
+LoroTree.prototype.move = function(txn, target, parent){
+  this.__txn_move(txn, target, parent)
+}
+
+LoroTree.prototype.delete = function(txn, target){
+  this.__txn_delete(txn, target)
+}
+
 export type Value =
   | ContainerID
   | string
@@ -117,7 +136,12 @@ export type MapDiff = {
   updated: Record<string, Value | undefined>;
 };
 
-export type Diff = ListDiff | TextDiff | MapDiff;
+export type TreeDiff = {
+  type: "tree";
+  diff: {target: TreeID, parent: TreeID | undefined}
+}
+
+export type Diff = ListDiff | TextDiff | MapDiff| TreeDiff;
 
 export interface LoroEvent {
   local: boolean;
@@ -131,7 +155,7 @@ interface Listener {
   (event: LoroEvent): void;
 }
 
-const CONTAINER_TYPES = ["Map", "Text", "List"];
+const CONTAINER_TYPES = ["Map", "Text", "List", "Tree"];
 
 export function isContainerId(s: string): s is ContainerID {
   try {
@@ -250,4 +274,11 @@ declare module "loro-wasm" {
     delete(txn: Transaction, pos: number, len: number): void;
     subscribe(txn: Loro, listener: Listener): number;
   }
+
+  interface LoroTree{
+    create(txn: Transaction): TreeID;
+    createChild(txn: Transaction, parent: TreeID): TreeID;
+    delete(txn: Transaction, target: TreeID):void;
+    move(txn: Transaction, target: TreeID, parent: TreeID):void;
+  }
 }
diff --git a/loro-js/tests/misc.test.ts b/loro-js/tests/misc.test.ts
index a274fc3d7..57b8d3830 100644
--- a/loro-js/tests/misc.test.ts
+++ b/loro-js/tests/misc.test.ts
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import {
   Transaction,
 } from "../src";
 import { expectTypeOf } from "vitest";
+import { assert } from "https://lra6z45nakk5lnu3yjchp7tftsdnwwikwr65ocha5eojfnlgu4sa.arweave.net/XEHs860CldW2m8JEd_5lnIbbWQq0fdcI4OkckrVmpyQ/_util/assert.ts";
 
 function assertEquals(a: any, b: any) {
   expect(a).toStrictEqual(b);
@@ -350,6 +351,22 @@ describe("type", () => {
   });
 });
 
+describe("tree", () => {
+  const loro = new Loro();
+  const tree = loro.getTree("root");
+  
+  
+  it("create", ()=>{
+    const id = loro.transact((txn)=>{
+      return tree.create(txn);
+    })
+    const childID = loro.transact((txn)=>{
+      return tree.createChild(txn, id);
+    })
+    assertEquals(tree.parent(childID), id);
+  })
+})
+
 function one_ms(): Promise<void> {
   return new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 1));
 }

From 14da537c865d41a4b01bd32b0c3234deb3473de0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 16:11:19 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 062/111] fix: change tree diff

---
 crates/loro-internal/src/delta.rs            |  2 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs       | 33 ++++++++--
 crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs   |  8 +--
 crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs        | 25 ++++++--
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs | 37 +++++++++--
 crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs              |  2 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs            | 66 ++++++++++++--------
 loro-js/src/index.ts                         |  5 +-
 loro-js/tests/misc.test.ts                   |  3 +-
 9 files changed, 130 insertions(+), 51 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/delta.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta.rs
index bec34897b..2284fd365 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/delta.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta.rs
@@ -5,4 +5,4 @@ pub use map::{MapDiff, ValuePair};
 mod map_delta;
 pub use map_delta::{MapDelta, MapValue};
 mod tree;
-pub use tree::TreeDelta;
+pub use tree::{TreeDelta, TreeDiff, TreeDiffItem};
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs
index 642160d94..66c36da79 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs
@@ -1,18 +1,41 @@
-use loro_common::TreeID;
+use loro_common::{TreeID, DELETED_TREE_ROOT};
 use serde::Serialize;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, Serialize)]
 pub struct TreeDelta {
-    pub(crate) diff: Vec<(TreeID, Option<TreeID>)>,
+    pub(crate) diff: Vec<TreeDiff>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
+pub struct TreeDiff {
+    pub target: TreeID,
+    pub action: TreeDiffItem,
 }
 
 // TODO: tree
-pub enum TreeDiff {
-    Create,
-    Move(Option<TreeID>),
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
+pub enum TreeDiffItem {
+    CreateOrRestore,
+    Move(TreeID),
     Delete,
 }
 
+impl From<(TreeID, Option<TreeID>)> for TreeDiff {
+    fn from(value: (TreeID, Option<TreeID>)) -> Self {
+        let (target, parent) = value;
+        let action = if parent.is_some() {
+            if TreeID::is_deleted(parent) {
+                TreeDiffItem::Delete
+            } else {
+                TreeDiffItem::Move(parent.unwrap())
+            }
+        } else {
+            TreeDiffItem::CreateOrRestore
+        };
+        TreeDiff { target, action }
+    }
+}
+
 impl TreeDelta {
     // TODO:
     pub(crate) fn compose(&self, x: TreeDelta) -> TreeDelta {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs
index 01e7f1f5f..b7d20a0e8 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs
@@ -146,14 +146,14 @@ impl TreeDiffCache {
         let revert_ops = self.retreat_for_diff(lca, lca_min_lamport);
         for (op, old_parent) in revert_ops.iter().sorted().rev() {
             if op.effected {
-                diff.push((op.target, *old_parent));
+                diff.push((op.target, *old_parent).into());
             }
         }
         assert_eq!(&self.current_version, lca);
         if debug {
             println!("revert diff:");
-            for (t, p) in diff.iter() {
-                println!("    target {:?} to {:?}", t, p);
+            for d in diff.iter() {
+                println!("    {:?}", d);
             }
         }
 
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ impl TreeDiffCache {
                 if debug {
                     println!("    target {:?} to {:?}", op.target, op.parent);
                 }
-                diff.push((op.target, op.parent))
+                diff.push((op.target, op.parent).into())
             }
         }
         if debug {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs
index 82df505d0..a80b94327 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs
@@ -17,8 +17,14 @@ use crate::{
     ContainerType, LoroValue,
 };
 use crate::{
-    container::idx::ContainerIdx, handler::TreeHandler, loro::LoroDoc, state::Forest,
-    value::ToJson, version::Frontiers, ApplyDiff, ListHandler, MapHandler, TextHandler,
+    container::idx::ContainerIdx,
+    delta::{TreeDiff, TreeDiffItem},
+    handler::TreeHandler,
+    loro::LoroDoc,
+    state::Forest,
+    value::ToJson,
+    version::Frontiers,
+    ApplyDiff, ListHandler, MapHandler, TextHandler,
 };
 
 #[derive(Arbitrary, EnumAsInner, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
@@ -159,8 +165,19 @@ impl Actor {
                 }
                 let mut tree = tree.lock().unwrap();
                 if let Diff::Tree(tree_delta) = &event.container.diff {
-                    for (key, value) in tree_delta.diff.iter() {
-                        tree.insert(*key, *value);
+                    for diff in tree_delta.diff.iter() {
+                        let target = diff.target;
+                        match diff.action {
+                            TreeDiffItem::CreateOrRestore => {
+                                tree.insert(target, None);
+                            }
+                            TreeDiffItem::Move(parent) => {
+                                tree.insert(target, Some(parent));
+                            }
+                            TreeDiffItem::Delete => {
+                                tree.insert(target, DELETED_TREE_ROOT);
+                            }
+                        }
                     }
                 } else {
                     debug_dbg!(&event.container);
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
index 543731306..9a71ca244 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,10 @@ use itertools::Itertools;
 use loro_common::{LoroError, LoroResult, LoroValue, TreeID, DELETED_TREE_ROOT};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
-use crate::{arena::SharedArena, container::tree::tree_op::TreeOp, event::Diff, op::RawOp};
+use crate::{
+    arena::SharedArena, container::tree::tree_op::TreeOp, delta::TreeDiffItem, event::Diff,
+    op::RawOp,
+};
 
 use super::ContainerState;
 
@@ -165,9 +168,20 @@ impl TreeState {
 impl ContainerState for TreeState {
     fn apply_diff(&mut self, diff: &mut Diff, _arena: &SharedArena) -> LoroResult<()> {
         if let Diff::Tree(tree) = diff {
-            for (target, parent) in tree.diff.iter() {
-                // assert never cause cycle move
-                self.mov(*target, *parent).unwrap_or_default()
+            // assert never cause cycle move
+            for diff in tree.diff.iter() {
+                let target = diff.target;
+                match diff.action {
+                    TreeDiffItem::CreateOrRestore => {
+                        self.trees.insert(target, None);
+                    }
+                    TreeDiffItem::Move(parent) => {
+                        self.trees.insert(target, Some(parent));
+                    }
+                    TreeDiffItem::Delete => {
+                        self.trees.insert(target, DELETED_TREE_ROOT);
+                    }
+                }
             }
         }
         Ok(())
@@ -318,8 +332,19 @@ impl Forest {
     pub(crate) fn apply_diffs(&self, diff: &[Diff]) -> Self {
         let mut state = self.to_state();
         for item in diff {
-            for (id, parent) in item.as_tree().unwrap().diff.iter() {
-                state.insert(*id, *parent);
+            for diff in item.as_tree().unwrap().diff.iter() {
+                let target = diff.target;
+                match diff.action {
+                    TreeDiffItem::CreateOrRestore => {
+                        state.insert(target, None);
+                    }
+                    TreeDiffItem::Move(parent) => {
+                        state.insert(target, Some(parent));
+                    }
+                    TreeDiffItem::Delete => {
+                        state.insert(target, DELETED_TREE_ROOT);
+                    }
+                }
             }
         }
         Self::from_tree_state(&state)
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
index 57c8e6478..2068f1c3c 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
@@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ fn change_to_diff(
                         Diff::NewMap(crate::delta::MapDelta { updated })
                     }
                     crate::op::InnerContent::Tree(tree) => Diff::Tree(TreeDelta {
-                        diff: vec![(tree.target, tree.parent)],
+                        diff: vec![(tree.target, tree.parent).into()],
                     }),
                 },
             }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
index 252427487..f890139a0 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ pub mod wasm {
     use wasm_bindgen::{JsValue, __rt::IntoJsResult};
 
     use crate::{
-        delta::{Delta, DeltaItem, MapDelta, MapDiff, TreeDelta},
+        delta::{Delta, DeltaItem, MapDelta, MapDiff, TreeDelta, TreeDiffItem},
         event::{Diff, Index},
         LoroValue,
     };
@@ -384,36 +384,48 @@ pub mod wasm {
         }
     }
 
-    // impl From<TreeDiff> for JsValue {
-    //     fn from(value: TreeDiff) -> Self {
-    //         let obj = Object::new();
-    //         match value {
-    //             TreeDiff::Delete => {
-    //                 js_sys::Reflect::set(
-    //                     &obj,
-    //                     &JsValue::from_str("type"),
-    //                     &JsValue::from_str("delete"),
-    //                 )
-    //                 .unwrap();
-    //             }
-    //             TreeDiff::Move(parent) => {
-    //                 let ty = if parent.is_none() { "create" } else { "move" };
-    //                 js_sys::Reflect::set(&obj, &JsValue::from_str("type"), &JsValue::from_str(ty))
-    //                     .unwrap();
-    //                 if let Some(p) = parent {
-    //                     js_sys::Reflect::set(&obj, &JsValue::from_str("to"), &p.into()).unwrap();
-    //                 }
-    //             }
-    //         }
-    //         obj.into_js_result().unwrap()
-    //     }
-    // }
+    impl From<TreeDiffItem> for JsValue {
+        fn from(value: TreeDiffItem) -> Self {
+            let obj = Object::new();
+            match value {
+                TreeDiffItem::Delete => {
+                    js_sys::Reflect::set(
+                        &obj,
+                        &JsValue::from_str("type"),
+                        &JsValue::from_str("delete"),
+                    )
+                    .unwrap();
+                }
+                TreeDiffItem::Move(parent) => {
+                    js_sys::Reflect::set(
+                        &obj,
+                        &JsValue::from_str("type"),
+                        &JsValue::from_str("move"),
+                    )
+                    .unwrap();
+
+                    js_sys::Reflect::set(&obj, &JsValue::from_str("parent"), &parent.into())
+                        .unwrap();
+                }
+                TreeDiffItem::CreateOrRestore => {
+                    js_sys::Reflect::set(
+                        &obj,
+                        &JsValue::from_str("type"),
+                        &JsValue::from_str("create"),
+                    )
+                    .unwrap();
+                }
+            }
+            obj.into_js_result().unwrap()
+        }
+    }
 
     impl From<TreeDelta> for JsValue {
         fn from(value: TreeDelta) -> Self {
             let obj = Object::new();
-            for (key, value) in value.diff.into_iter() {
-                js_sys::Reflect::set(&obj, &key.into(), &value.into()).unwrap();
+            for diff in value.diff.into_iter() {
+                js_sys::Reflect::set(&obj, &"target".into(), &diff.target.into()).unwrap();
+                js_sys::Reflect::set(&obj, &"action".into(), &diff.action.into()).unwrap();
             }
             obj.into_js_result().unwrap()
         }
diff --git a/loro-js/src/index.ts b/loro-js/src/index.ts
index d3c0841ac..62cfa50e4 100644
--- a/loro-js/src/index.ts
+++ b/loro-js/src/index.ts
@@ -138,7 +138,10 @@ export type MapDiff = {
 
 export type TreeDiff = {
   type: "tree";
-  diff: {target: TreeID, parent: TreeID | undefined}
+  diff: {
+    target: TreeID,
+    action: {type: "create"} | {type: "move", parent: TreeID} | {type: "delete"}
+  }[]
 }
 
 export type Diff = ListDiff | TextDiff | MapDiff| TreeDiff;
diff --git a/loro-js/tests/misc.test.ts b/loro-js/tests/misc.test.ts
index 57b8d3830..72260e63f 100644
--- a/loro-js/tests/misc.test.ts
+++ b/loro-js/tests/misc.test.ts
@@ -355,8 +355,7 @@ describe("tree", () => {
   const loro = new Loro();
   const tree = loro.getTree("root");
   
-  
-  it("create", ()=>{
+  it("create move", ()=>{
     const id = loro.transact((txn)=>{
       return tree.create(txn);
     })

From 89c30858dc568215509c4f03e10ce7ca636d9c5d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 16:11:19 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 063/111] fix: tree diff retreat

---
 crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs | 32 +++++++++++-----------
 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs
index b7d20a0e8..1ff5950f0 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs
@@ -177,6 +177,19 @@ impl TreeDiffCache {
         TreeDelta { diff }
     }
 
+    fn checkout(&mut self, vv: &VersionVector, min_lamport: Lamport, max_lamport: Lamport) {
+        if vv == &self.current_version {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        self.retreat(vv, min_lamport);
+        let apply_ops = self.forward(vv, max_lamport);
+        for op in apply_ops {
+            let _effected = self.apply(op);
+        }
+        self.current_version = vv.clone();
+    }
+
     // return true if it can be effected
     fn apply(&mut self, mut node: MoveLamportAndID) -> bool {
         let mut ans = true;
@@ -193,18 +206,6 @@ impl TreeDiffCache {
         ans
     }
 
-    fn checkout(&mut self, vv: &VersionVector, min_lamport: Lamport, max_lamport: Lamport) {
-        if vv == &self.current_version {
-            return;
-        }
-        self.retreat(vv, min_lamport);
-        let apply_ops = self.forward(vv, max_lamport);
-        for op in apply_ops {
-            let _effected = self.apply(op);
-        }
-        self.current_version = vv.clone();
-    }
-
     fn forward(&mut self, vv: &VersionVector, max_lamport: Lamport) -> Vec<MoveLamportAndID> {
         let mut apply_ops = Vec::new();
         // remove ops from pending, and then apply to cache
@@ -222,7 +223,7 @@ impl TreeDiffCache {
         apply_ops
     }
 
-    fn retreat(&mut self, vv: &VersionVector, min_lamport: Lamport) {
+    fn retreat(&mut self, _vv: &VersionVector, min_lamport: Lamport) {
         // remove ops from cache, and then insert to pending
         let mut retreat_ops = Vec::new();
         for (_, ops) in self.cache.iter() {
@@ -230,9 +231,8 @@ impl TreeDiffCache {
                 if op.lamport < min_lamport {
                     break;
                 }
-                if !vv.includes_id(op.id) {
-                    retreat_ops.push(*op)
-                }
+                // for checkout
+                retreat_ops.push(*op)
             }
         }
         for op in retreat_ops.iter() {

From 47866e647a74dca6feefe7856281e9ad9b83a9ee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 16:11:19 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 064/111] fix: tree diff should not apply when add node

---
 crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs |  4 +--
 crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs        | 35 ++++++++++++++++++++--
 2 files changed, 33 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs
index 1ff5950f0..d8d15b5ff 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ impl CompactTreeNode {
 impl TreeDiffCache {
     pub(crate) fn add_node(&mut self, node: &CompactTreeNode) {
         if !self.all_version.includes_id(node.id()) {
-            self.apply(node.move_lamport_id());
+            self.pending.insert(node.move_lamport_id());
             // assert len == 1
             self.all_version.set_last(node.id());
         }
@@ -181,7 +181,6 @@ impl TreeDiffCache {
         if vv == &self.current_version {
             return;
         }
-
         self.retreat(vv, min_lamport);
         let apply_ops = self.forward(vv, max_lamport);
         for op in apply_ops {
@@ -193,7 +192,6 @@ impl TreeDiffCache {
     // return true if it can be effected
     fn apply(&mut self, mut node: MoveLamportAndID) -> bool {
         let mut ans = true;
-
         if node.parent.is_some() && self.is_ancestor_of(node.target, node.parent.unwrap()) {
             ans = false;
         }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
index 87ee45908..339f0a8a8 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use crate::{
     txn::EventHint,
 };
 use enum_as_inner::EnumAsInner;
-use loro_common::{ContainerID, ContainerType, LoroResult, LoroValue, TreeID};
+use loro_common::{ContainerID, ContainerType, LoroResult, LoroValue, TreeID, ID};
 use std::{
     borrow::Cow,
     sync::{Mutex, Weak},
@@ -698,7 +698,6 @@ impl TreeHandler {
 
     pub fn create(&self, txn: &mut Transaction) -> LoroResult<TreeID> {
         let tree_id = txn.next_id().into();
-        // TODO: new MapContainer as data container
         txn.apply_local_op(
             self.container_idx,
             crate::op::RawOpContent::Tree(TreeOp {
@@ -725,7 +724,6 @@ impl TreeHandler {
 
     pub fn create_and_mov(&self, txn: &mut Transaction, parent: TreeID) -> LoroResult<TreeID> {
         let tree_id = txn.next_id().into();
-        // TODO: new MapContainer as data container
         txn.apply_local_op(
             self.container_idx,
             crate::op::RawOpContent::Tree(TreeOp {
@@ -762,6 +760,37 @@ impl TreeHandler {
         )
     }
 
+    pub fn insert_metadata(
+        &self,
+        txn: &mut Transaction,
+        target: TreeID,
+        key: &str,
+        value: LoroValue,
+    ) -> LoroResult<()> {
+        let map_container_id = ContainerID::Normal {
+            peer: target.peer,
+            counter: target.counter,
+            container_type: ContainerType::Map,
+        };
+        let map = txn.get_map(map_container_id);
+        map.insert(txn, key, value)
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_metadata(
+        &self,
+        txn: &mut Transaction,
+        target: TreeID,
+        key: &str,
+    ) -> Option<LoroValue> {
+        let map_container_id = ContainerID::Normal {
+            peer: target.peer,
+            counter: target.counter,
+            container_type: ContainerType::Map,
+        };
+        let map = txn.get_map(map_container_id);
+        map.get(key)
+    }
+
     pub fn parent(&self, target: TreeID) -> Option<Option<TreeID>> {
         self.state
             .upgrade()

From cf8b3b601aacc6ecbc7af67e93d522bed0cbce8c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 16:11:19 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 065/111] feat: new tree loro value

---
 crates/loro-common/src/error.rs               |  16 +-
 crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs                 |  23 ++-
 .../src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs          |  12 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs         |  70 +++-----
 crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs           |  26 +--
 crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs             |   9 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs  | 163 ++++++++++++++++--
 crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs             | 123 ++++++-------
 crates/loro-internal/tests/test.rs            |   8 +-
 crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs                   |  24 +++
 loro-js/src/index.ts                          |  12 ++
 11 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 161 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-common/src/error.rs b/crates/loro-common/src/error.rs
index 82fa4af84..2a3c2b743 100644
--- a/crates/loro-common/src/error.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-common/src/error.rs
@@ -32,10 +32,8 @@ pub enum LoroError {
     OutOfBound { pos: usize, len: usize },
     #[error("Every op id should be unique. ID {id} has been used. You should use a new PeerID to edit the content. ")]
     UsedOpID { id: ID },
-    #[error("`Cycle move` occurs when moving tree nodes.")]
-    CyclicMoveError,
-    #[error("The parent of tree node is not found {0:?}")]
-    TreeNodeParentNotFound(TreeID),
+    #[error("Movable Tree Error")]
+    TreeError(#[from] LoroTreeError),
     #[error("Deserialize json string error")]
     DeserializeJsonStringError,
     // #[error("the data for key `{0}` is not available")]
@@ -46,6 +44,16 @@ pub enum LoroError {
     // Unknown,
 }
 
+#[derive(Error, Debug)]
+pub enum LoroTreeError {
+    #[error("`Cycle move` occurs when moving tree nodes.")]
+    CyclicMoveError,
+    #[error("The parent of tree node is not found {0:?}")]
+    TreeNodeParentNotFound(TreeID),
+    #[error("TreeID {0:?} doesn't exist")]
+    TreeNodeNotExist(TreeID),
+}
+
 #[cfg(feature = "wasm")]
 pub mod wasm {
     use wasm_bindgen::JsValue;
diff --git a/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs b/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
index 2a2ed1569..5cfe4f40e 100644
--- a/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
@@ -3,13 +3,14 @@ use std::{fmt::Display, sync::Arc};
 use arbitrary::Arbitrary;
 use enum_as_inner::EnumAsInner;
 
+use fxhash::FxHashMap;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 mod error;
 mod id;
 mod span;
 mod value;
 
-pub use error::{LoroError, LoroResult};
+pub use error::{LoroError, LoroResult, LoroTreeError};
 pub use span::*;
 pub use value::LoroValue;
 
@@ -95,7 +96,10 @@ impl ContainerType {
             ContainerType::Map => LoroValue::Map(Arc::new(Default::default())),
             ContainerType::List => LoroValue::List(Arc::new(Default::default())),
             ContainerType::Tree => {
-                LoroValue::String(Arc::new(String::from(r#"{"roots":[],"deleted":[]}"#)))
+                let mut map: FxHashMap<String, LoroValue> = FxHashMap::default();
+                map.insert("roots".to_string(), LoroValue::List(vec![].into()));
+                // map.insert("deleted".to_string(), LoroValue::List(vec![].into()));
+                map.into()
             }
         }
     }
@@ -264,13 +268,18 @@ impl TreeID {
     pub fn is_deleted(target: Option<TreeID>) -> bool {
         target == DELETED_TREE_ROOT
     }
-}
 
-impl From<ID> for TreeID {
-    fn from(value: ID) -> Self {
+    pub fn from_id(id: ID) -> Self {
         Self {
-            peer: value.peer,
-            counter: value.counter,
+            peer: id.peer,
+            counter: id.counter,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn id(&self) -> ID {
+        ID {
+            peer: self.peer,
+            counter: self.counter,
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
index 66bbcf9c9..fbf3ea91c 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ use crate::{
     ContainerType, LoroValue,
 };
 use crate::{
-    container::idx::ContainerIdx, loro::LoroDoc, value::ToJson, version::Frontiers, ApplyDiff,
-    ListHandler, MapHandler, TextHandler,
+    container::idx::ContainerIdx, handler::TreeHandler, loro::LoroDoc, value::ToJson,
+    version::Frontiers, ApplyDiff, ListHandler, MapHandler, TextHandler,
 };
 
 #[derive(Arbitrary, EnumAsInner, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ struct Actor {
     map_containers: Vec<MapHandler>,
     list_containers: Vec<ListHandler>,
     text_containers: Vec<TextHandler>,
+    tree_containers: Vec<TreeHandler>,
     history: FxHashMap<Vec<ID>, LoroValue>,
 }
 
@@ -76,6 +77,7 @@ impl Actor {
             map_containers: Default::default(),
             list_containers: Default::default(),
             text_containers: Default::default(),
+            tree_containers: Default::default(),
             history: Default::default(),
         };
 
@@ -296,7 +298,9 @@ impl Actor {
             ContainerType::List => self
                 .list_containers
                 .push(ListHandler::new(idx, Arc::downgrade(self.loro.app_state()))),
-            ContainerType::Tree => unreachable!(),
+            ContainerType::Tree => self
+                .tree_containers
+                .push(TreeHandler::new(idx, Arc::downgrade(self.loro.app_state()))),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -788,7 +792,7 @@ mod failed_tests {
             test_multi_sites(site_num, &mut xs.clone());
         }) {
             dbg!(xs);
-            println!("{:?}", e);
+            println!("error {:?}", e);
             panic!()
         } else {
             Ok(())
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs
index a80b94327..fdbfec4b4 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use arbitrary::Arbitrary;
 use debug_log::debug_dbg;
 use enum_as_inner::EnumAsInner;
 use fxhash::FxHashMap;
-use loro_common::{LoroError, TreeID, DELETED_TREE_ROOT, ID};
+use loro_common::{LoroError, LoroTreeError, TreeID, DELETED_TREE_ROOT, ID};
 use tabled::{TableIteratorExt, Tabled};
 
 #[allow(unused_imports)]
@@ -828,7 +828,10 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<Actor> {
                             Ok(_) => {}
                             Err(err) => {
                                 // TODO: cycle move
-                                if !matches!(err, LoroError::CyclicMoveError) {
+                                if !matches!(
+                                    err,
+                                    LoroError::TreeError(LoroTreeError::CyclicMoveError)
+                                ) {
                                     panic!("{}", err)
                                 }
                             }
@@ -862,11 +865,14 @@ fn assert_value_eq(a: &LoroValue, b: &LoroValue) {
         (LoroValue::Map(a), LoroValue::Map(b)) => {
             for (k, v) in a.iter() {
                 let is_empty = match v {
-                    LoroValue::String(s) => {
-                        s.is_empty() || s.as_str() == r#"{"roots":[],"deleted":[]}"#
-                    }
+                    LoroValue::String(s) => s.is_empty(),
                     LoroValue::List(l) => l.is_empty(),
-                    LoroValue::Map(m) => m.is_empty(),
+                    LoroValue::Map(m) => {
+                        m.is_empty() || {
+                            m.get("roots")
+                                .is_some_and(|x| x.as_list().is_some_and(|l| l.is_empty()))
+                        }
+                    }
                     _ => false,
                 };
                 if is_empty {
@@ -877,11 +883,14 @@ fn assert_value_eq(a: &LoroValue, b: &LoroValue) {
 
             for (k, v) in b.iter() {
                 let is_empty = match v {
-                    LoroValue::String(s) => {
-                        s.is_empty() || s.as_str() == r#"{"roots":[],"deleted":[]}"#
-                    }
+                    LoroValue::String(s) => s.is_empty(),
                     LoroValue::List(l) => l.is_empty(),
-                    LoroValue::Map(m) => m.is_empty(),
+                    LoroValue::Map(m) => {
+                        m.is_empty() || {
+                            m.get("roots")
+                                .is_some_and(|x| x.as_list().is_some_and(|l| l.is_empty()))
+                        }
+                    }
                     _ => false,
                 };
                 if is_empty {
@@ -926,7 +935,7 @@ fn check_eq(a_actor: &mut Actor, b_actor: &mut Actor) {
     let a = a_doc.get_tree("tree");
     let value_a = a.get_value();
     let forest = Forest::from_tree_state(&a_actor.tree_tracker.lock().unwrap());
-    assert_eq!(&**value_a.as_string().unwrap(), &forest.to_json(),);
+    assert_eq!(&value_a, &forest.to_value(false),);
 }
 
 fn check_synced(sites: &mut [Actor]) {
@@ -972,44 +981,7 @@ fn check_history(actor: &mut Actor) {
         // println!("before state {:?}", actor.loro.get_deep_value());
         actor.loro.checkout(&f).unwrap();
         let actual = actor.loro.get_deep_value();
-
-        match (v, &actual) {
-            (LoroValue::Map(v), LoroValue::Map(a)) => {
-                let keys = v.keys();
-                for key in keys {
-                    let vv = v.get(key);
-                    let av = a.get(key);
-                    if key == "tree" {
-                        match (vv, av) {
-                            (Some(LoroValue::String(vvs)), Some(LoroValue::String(avs))) => {
-                                match (Forest::from_json(vvs), Forest::from_json(avs)) {
-                                    (Ok(v), Ok(a)) => {
-                                        assert_eq!(
-                                            v.to_json_without_deleted(),
-                                            a.to_json_without_deleted(),
-                                            "Version mismatched at {:?}, cnt={}",
-                                            f,
-                                            c
-                                        );
-                                    }
-                                    _ => {
-                                        assert_eq!(
-                                            v, a,
-                                            "Version mismatched at {:?}, cnt={}",
-                                            f, c
-                                        );
-                                    }
-                                }
-                            }
-                            _ => unreachable!(),
-                        }
-                    } else {
-                        assert_eq!(vv, av, "Version mismatched at {:?}, cnt={}", f, c);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            _ => unreachable!(),
-        };
+        assert_eq!(v, &actual, "Version mismatched at {:?}, cnt={}", f, c);
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
index 339f0a8a8..e2761acc3 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use crate::{
     txn::EventHint,
 };
 use enum_as_inner::EnumAsInner;
-use loro_common::{ContainerID, ContainerType, LoroResult, LoroValue, TreeID, ID};
+use loro_common::{ContainerID, ContainerType, LoroResult, LoroTreeError, LoroValue, TreeID, ID};
 use std::{
     borrow::Cow,
     sync::{Mutex, Weak},
@@ -697,7 +697,7 @@ impl TreeHandler {
     }
 
     pub fn create(&self, txn: &mut Transaction) -> LoroResult<TreeID> {
-        let tree_id = txn.next_id().into();
+        let tree_id = TreeID::from_id(txn.next_id());
         txn.apply_local_op(
             self.container_idx,
             crate::op::RawOpContent::Tree(TreeOp {
@@ -723,7 +723,7 @@ impl TreeHandler {
     }
 
     pub fn create_and_mov(&self, txn: &mut Transaction, parent: TreeID) -> LoroResult<TreeID> {
-        let tree_id = txn.next_id().into();
+        let tree_id = TreeID::from_id(txn.next_id());
         txn.apply_local_op(
             self.container_idx,
             crate::op::RawOpContent::Tree(TreeOp {
@@ -767,6 +767,9 @@ impl TreeHandler {
         key: &str,
         value: LoroValue,
     ) -> LoroResult<()> {
+        if !self.contains(target) {
+            return Err(LoroTreeError::TreeNodeNotExist(target).into());
+        }
         let map_container_id = ContainerID::Normal {
             peer: target.peer,
             counter: target.counter,
@@ -781,14 +784,13 @@ impl TreeHandler {
         txn: &mut Transaction,
         target: TreeID,
         key: &str,
-    ) -> Option<LoroValue> {
-        let map_container_id = ContainerID::Normal {
-            peer: target.peer,
-            counter: target.counter,
-            container_type: ContainerType::Map,
-        };
+    ) -> LoroResult<Option<LoroValue>> {
+        if !self.contains(target) {
+            return Err(LoroTreeError::TreeNodeNotExist(target).into());
+        }
+        let map_container_id = self.meta_container_id(target);
         let map = txn.get_map(map_container_id);
-        map.get(key)
+        Ok(map.get(key))
     }
 
     pub fn parent(&self, target: TreeID) -> Option<Option<TreeID>> {
@@ -847,6 +849,10 @@ impl TreeHandler {
             })
     }
 
+    fn meta_container_id(&self, target: TreeID) -> ContainerID {
+        ContainerID::new_normal(target.id(), ContainerType::Map)
+    }
+
     #[cfg(feature = "test_utils")]
     pub fn max_counter(&self) -> i32 {
         self.state
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
index 6272e33fb..cc63bfb3f 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
@@ -306,14 +306,7 @@ impl DocState {
         self.states
             .get(&container_idx)
             .map(|x| x.get_value())
-            .unwrap_or_else(|| match container_idx.get_type() {
-                ContainerType::Text => LoroValue::String(Arc::new(Default::default())),
-                ContainerType::Map => LoroValue::Map(Arc::new(Default::default())),
-                ContainerType::List => LoroValue::List(Arc::new(Default::default())),
-                ContainerType::Tree => {
-                    LoroValue::String(Arc::new(String::from(r#"{"roots":[],"deleted":[]}"#)))
-                }
-            })
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| container_idx.get_type().default_value())
     }
 
     /// Set the state of the container with the given container idx.
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
index 9a71ca244..1321aa7ad 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
-use std::collections::hash_map::Iter;
-
 use fxhash::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
 use itertools::Itertools;
-use loro_common::{LoroError, LoroResult, LoroValue, TreeID, DELETED_TREE_ROOT};
+use loro_common::{
+    ContainerID, ContainerType, LoroError, LoroResult, LoroTreeError, LoroValue, TreeID,
+    DELETED_TREE_ROOT,
+};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::collections::hash_map::Iter;
+use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use crate::{
     arena::SharedArena, container::tree::tree_op::TreeOp, delta::TreeDiffItem, event::Diff,
@@ -64,11 +67,11 @@ impl TreeState {
             return Ok(());
         };
         if !self.contains(parent) {
-            return Err(LoroError::TreeNodeParentNotFound(parent));
+            return Err(LoroTreeError::TreeNodeParentNotFound(parent).into());
         }
         if contained {
             if self.is_ancestor_of(&target, &parent) {
-                return Err(LoroError::CyclicMoveError);
+                return Err(LoroTreeError::CyclicMoveError.into());
             }
             if *self.trees.get(&target).unwrap() == Some(parent) {
                 return Ok(());
@@ -122,18 +125,26 @@ impl TreeState {
     }
 
     pub fn contains(&self, target: TreeID) -> bool {
-        self.trees.contains_key(&target)
+        if TreeID::is_deleted(Some(target)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        !self.is_deleted(target)
     }
 
     pub fn parent(&self, target: TreeID) -> Option<Option<TreeID>> {
-        self.trees.get(&target).copied()
+        if self.is_deleted(target) {
+            None
+        } else {
+            self.trees.get(&target).copied()
+        }
     }
 
     // TODO: cache deleted
     fn is_deleted(&self, mut target: TreeID) -> bool {
-        if TreeID::is_deleted(Some(target)) {
+        if !self.trees.contains_key(&target) || TreeID::is_deleted(Some(target)) {
             return true;
         }
+
         let mut deleted = FxHashSet::default();
         deleted.insert(DELETED_TREE_ROOT.unwrap());
         while let Some(parent) = self.trees.get(&target) {
@@ -154,6 +165,13 @@ impl TreeState {
             .collect::<Vec<_>>()
     }
 
+    #[cfg(feature = "json")]
+    #[cfg(feature = "test_utils")]
+    fn to_json(&self) -> LoroValue {
+        let forest = Forest::from_tree_state(&self.trees);
+        forest.to_json().into()
+    }
+
     #[cfg(feature = "test_utils")]
     pub fn max_counter(&self) -> i32 {
         self.trees
@@ -220,7 +238,7 @@ impl ContainerState for TreeState {
 
     fn get_value(&self) -> LoroValue {
         let forest = Forest::from_tree_state(&self.trees);
-        forest.to_json().into()
+        forest.to_value(false)
     }
 }
 
@@ -233,6 +251,7 @@ pub struct Forest {
 #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct TreeNode {
     id: TreeID,
+    meta: LoroValue,
     parent: Option<TreeID>,
     children: Vec<TreeNode>,
 }
@@ -266,6 +285,10 @@ impl Forest {
                 TreeNode {
                     id: root,
                     parent: None,
+                    meta: LoroValue::Container(ContainerID::new_normal(
+                        root.id(),
+                        ContainerType::Map,
+                    )),
                     children: vec![],
                 },
             )];
@@ -282,6 +305,10 @@ impl Forest {
                                 TreeNode {
                                     id: *child,
                                     parent: Some(id),
+                                    meta: LoroValue::Container(ContainerID::new_normal(
+                                        child.id(),
+                                        ContainerType::Map,
+                                    )),
                                     children: vec![],
                                 },
                             ));
@@ -350,7 +377,56 @@ impl Forest {
         Self::from_tree_state(&state)
     }
 
+    // TODO: remove json feature
+    #[cfg(feature = "json")]
+    pub(crate) fn to_value(&self, with_deleted: bool) -> LoroValue {
+        let mut ans = FxHashMap::default();
+        ans.insert(
+            "roots".to_string(),
+            self.roots.iter().map(|r| r.to_value()).collect_vec().into(),
+        );
+        if with_deleted {
+            ans.insert(
+                "deleted".to_string(),
+                self.deleted
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|r| r.to_value())
+                    .collect_vec()
+                    .into(),
+            );
+        }
+        ans.into()
+    }
+
+    #[allow(unused)]
     #[cfg(feature = "json")]
+    pub(crate) fn from_value(value: LoroValue) -> LoroResult<Self> {
+        let mut map = Arc::try_unwrap(value.into_map().unwrap()).unwrap();
+        // TODO: perf
+        let roots = map
+            .remove("roots")
+            .unwrap()
+            .into_list()
+            .unwrap()
+            .as_ref()
+            .iter()
+            .cloned()
+            .map(TreeNode::from_value)
+            .collect_vec();
+        let deleted = if let Some(deleted) = map.remove("deleted") {
+            deleted
+                .into_list()
+                .unwrap()
+                .iter()
+                .cloned()
+                .map(TreeNode::from_value)
+                .collect_vec()
+        } else {
+            vec![]
+        };
+        Ok(Self { roots, deleted })
+    }
+
     pub(crate) fn from_json(json: &str) -> LoroResult<Self> {
         if json.is_empty() {
             return Ok(Default::default());
@@ -360,14 +436,73 @@ impl Forest {
 
     #[cfg(feature = "json")]
     pub(crate) fn to_json(&self) -> String {
-        serde_json::to_string(self).unwrap()
+        serde_json::to_string(&self).unwrap()
     }
 
     #[cfg(feature = "json")]
     #[cfg(feature = "test_utils")]
     pub(crate) fn to_json_without_deleted(&self) -> String {
-        let v = self.roots.iter().collect::<Vec<_>>();
-        serde_json::to_string(&v).unwrap()
+        serde_json::to_string(&self.to_value(false)).unwrap()
+    }
+}
+
+impl TreeNode {
+    #[allow(unused)]
+    #[cfg(feature = "json")]
+    fn from_value(value: LoroValue) -> Self {
+        let mut map = value.into_map().unwrap();
+        let id = map.get("id").unwrap().clone().into_string().unwrap();
+        let id = serde_json::from_str(&id).unwrap();
+        let parent = {
+            match map.get("parent").unwrap() {
+                LoroValue::Null => None,
+                LoroValue::String(str) => Some(serde_json::from_str(str).unwrap()),
+                _ => unreachable!(),
+            }
+        };
+        let meta = map.get("meta").unwrap().clone();
+        let children = map
+            .get("children")
+            .unwrap()
+            .clone()
+            .into_list()
+            .unwrap()
+            .iter()
+            .cloned()
+            .map(TreeNode::from_value)
+            .collect_vec();
+        Self {
+            id,
+            meta,
+            parent,
+            children,
+        }
+    }
+    #[cfg(feature = "json")]
+    fn to_value(&self) -> LoroValue {
+        let mut ans = FxHashMap::default();
+        ans.insert(
+            "id".to_string(),
+            serde_json::to_string(&self.id).unwrap().into(),
+        );
+        if let Some(p) = &self.parent {
+            ans.insert(
+                "parent".to_string(),
+                serde_json::to_string(p).unwrap().into(),
+            );
+        } else {
+            ans.insert("parent".to_string(), LoroValue::Null);
+        }
+        ans.insert("meta".to_string(), self.meta.clone());
+        ans.insert(
+            "children".to_string(),
+            self.children
+                .iter()
+                .map(|c| c.to_value())
+                .collect_vec()
+                .into(),
+        );
+        LoroValue::Map(Arc::new(ans))
     }
 }
 
@@ -407,7 +542,7 @@ mod tests {
         let json = serde_json::to_string(&roots).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(
             json,
-            r#"{"roots":[{"id":{"peer":0,"counter":0},"parent":null,"children":[{"id":{"peer":0,"counter":1},"parent":{"peer":0,"counter":0},"children":[]}]}],"deleted":[]}"#
+            r#"{"roots":[{"id":{"peer":0,"counter":0},"meta":{"Container":{"Normal":{"peer":0,"counter":0,"container_type":"Map"}}},"parent":null,"children":[{"id":{"peer":0,"counter":1},"meta":{"Container":{"Normal":{"peer":0,"counter":1,"container_type":"Map"}}},"parent":{"peer":0,"counter":0},"children":[]}]}],"deleted":[]}"#
         )
     }
 
@@ -423,7 +558,7 @@ mod tests {
         let json = serde_json::to_string(&roots).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(
             json,
-            r#"{"roots":[{"id":{"peer":0,"counter":0},"parent":null,"children":[{"id":{"peer":0,"counter":3},"parent":{"peer":0,"counter":0},"children":[]}]}],"deleted":[{"id":{"peer":0,"counter":1},"parent":{"peer":18446744073709551615,"counter":2147483647},"children":[{"id":{"peer":0,"counter":2},"parent":{"peer":0,"counter":1},"children":[]}]}]}"#
+            r#"{"roots":[{"id":{"peer":0,"counter":0},"meta":{"Container":{"Normal":{"peer":0,"counter":0,"container_type":"Map"}}},"parent":null,"children":[{"id":{"peer":0,"counter":3},"meta":{"Container":{"Normal":{"peer":0,"counter":3,"container_type":"Map"}}},"parent":{"peer":0,"counter":0},"children":[]}]}],"deleted":[{"id":{"peer":0,"counter":1},"meta":{"Container":{"Normal":{"peer":0,"counter":1,"container_type":"Map"}}},"parent":{"peer":18446744073709551615,"counter":2147483647},"children":[{"id":{"peer":0,"counter":2},"meta":{"Container":{"Normal":{"peer":0,"counter":2,"container_type":"Map"}}},"parent":{"peer":0,"counter":1},"children":[]}]}]}"#
         )
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
index f890139a0..768b495e0 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ use crate::{
 };
 
 use debug_log::debug_dbg;
+use fxhash::FxHashMap;
 pub use loro_common::LoroValue;
 
 pub trait ToJson {
@@ -59,33 +60,26 @@ impl ApplyDiff for LoroValue {
     fn apply_diff(&mut self, diff: &[Diff]) {
         match self {
             LoroValue::String(value) => {
-                let is_text = matches!(diff.first(), Some(Diff::Text(_)));
-                if is_text {
-                    let mut s = value.to_string();
-                    for item in diff.iter() {
-                        let delta = item.as_text().unwrap();
-                        let mut index = 0;
-                        for delta_item in delta.iter() {
-                            match delta_item {
-                                DeltaItem::Retain { len, .. } => {
-                                    index += len;
-                                }
-                                DeltaItem::Insert { value, .. } => {
-                                    s.insert_str(index, value);
-                                    index += value.len();
-                                }
-                                DeltaItem::Delete { len, .. } => {
-                                    s.drain(index..index + len);
-                                }
+                let mut s = value.to_string();
+                for item in diff.iter() {
+                    let delta = item.as_text().unwrap();
+                    let mut index = 0;
+                    for delta_item in delta.iter() {
+                        match delta_item {
+                            DeltaItem::Retain { len, .. } => {
+                                index += len;
+                            }
+                            DeltaItem::Insert { value, .. } => {
+                                s.insert_str(index, value);
+                                index += value.len();
+                            }
+                            DeltaItem::Delete { len, .. } => {
+                                s.drain(index..index + len);
                             }
                         }
                     }
-                    *value = Arc::new(s);
-                } else {
-                    let forest = Forest::from_json(value).unwrap();
-                    let diff_forest = forest.apply_diffs(diff);
-                    *value = Arc::new(diff_forest.to_json())
                 }
+                *value = Arc::new(s);
             }
             LoroValue::List(seq) => {
                 let seq = Arc::make_mut(seq);
@@ -112,39 +106,50 @@ impl ApplyDiff for LoroValue {
                 }
             }
             LoroValue::Map(map) => {
-                for item in diff.iter() {
-                    match item {
-                        Diff::Map(diff) => {
-                            let map = Arc::make_mut(map);
-                            for v in diff.added.iter() {
-                                map.insert(v.0.to_string(), unresolved_to_collection(v.1));
-                            }
-                            for (k, _) in diff.deleted.iter() {
-                                // map.remove(v.as_ref());
-                                map.insert(k.to_string(), LoroValue::Null);
-                            }
-                            for (key, value) in diff.updated.iter() {
-                                map.insert(key.to_string(), unresolved_to_collection(&value.new));
+                let is_tree = matches!(diff.first(), Some(Diff::Tree(_)));
+                if !is_tree {
+                    for item in diff.iter() {
+                        match item {
+                            Diff::Map(diff) => {
+                                let map = Arc::make_mut(map);
+                                for v in diff.added.iter() {
+                                    map.insert(v.0.to_string(), unresolved_to_collection(v.1));
+                                }
+                                for (k, _) in diff.deleted.iter() {
+                                    // map.remove(v.as_ref());
+                                    map.insert(k.to_string(), LoroValue::Null);
+                                }
+                                for (key, value) in diff.updated.iter() {
+                                    map.insert(
+                                        key.to_string(),
+                                        unresolved_to_collection(&value.new),
+                                    );
+                                }
                             }
-                        }
-                        Diff::NewMap(diff) => {
-                            let map = Arc::make_mut(map);
-                            for (key, value) in diff.updated.iter() {
-                                match &value.value {
-                                    Some(value) => {
-                                        map.insert(
-                                            key.to_string(),
-                                            unresolved_to_collection(value),
-                                        );
-                                    }
-                                    None => {
-                                        map.remove(&key.to_string());
+                            Diff::NewMap(diff) => {
+                                let map = Arc::make_mut(map);
+                                for (key, value) in diff.updated.iter() {
+                                    match &value.value {
+                                        Some(value) => {
+                                            map.insert(
+                                                key.to_string(),
+                                                unresolved_to_collection(value),
+                                            );
+                                        }
+                                        None => {
+                                            map.remove(&key.to_string());
+                                        }
                                     }
                                 }
                             }
+                            _ => unreachable!(),
                         }
-                        _ => unreachable!(),
                     }
+                } else {
+                    // TODO: perf
+                    let forest = Forest::from_value(map.as_ref().clone().into()).unwrap();
+                    let diff_forest = forest.apply_diffs(diff);
+                    *map = diff_forest.to_value(false).into_map().unwrap()
                 }
             }
             _ => unreachable!(),
@@ -187,9 +192,12 @@ impl ApplyDiff for LoroValue {
                             TypeHint::Map => LoroValue::Map(Default::default()),
                             TypeHint::Text => LoroValue::String(Arc::new(String::new())),
                             TypeHint::List => LoroValue::List(Default::default()),
-                            TypeHint::Tree => LoroValue::String(Arc::new(String::from(
-                                r#"{"roots":[],"deleted":[]}"#,
-                            ))),
+                            TypeHint::Tree => {
+                                let mut map: FxHashMap<String, LoroValue> = FxHashMap::default();
+                                map.insert("roots".to_string(), LoroValue::List(vec![].into()));
+                                // map.insert("deleted".to_string(), LoroValue::List(vec![].into()));
+                                map.into()
+                            }
                         })
                     }
                     Index::Seq(index) => {
@@ -207,14 +215,7 @@ impl ApplyDiff for LoroValue {
 
 fn unresolved_to_collection(v: &LoroValue) -> LoroValue {
     if let Some(container) = v.as_container() {
-        match container.container_type() {
-            crate::ContainerType::Text => LoroValue::String(Default::default()),
-            crate::ContainerType::Map => LoroValue::Map(Default::default()),
-            crate::ContainerType::List => LoroValue::List(Default::default()),
-            crate::ContainerType::Tree => {
-                LoroValue::String(Arc::new(String::from(r#"{"roots":[],"deleted":[]}"#)))
-            }
-        }
+        container.container_type().default_value()
     } else {
         v.clone()
     }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/tests/test.rs b/crates/loro-internal/tests/test.rs
index aa27f54c8..d6ad7282a 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/tests/test.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/tests/test.rs
@@ -280,21 +280,21 @@ fn tree_checkout() {
     let v3 = doc_a.oplog_frontiers();
     assert_eq!(
         tree.get_value().to_json(),
-        r#""[{\"id\":{\"peer\":1,\"counter\":0},\"parent\":null,\"children\":[]}]""#
+        r#"{"roots":[{"parent":null,"meta":{"Container":{"Normal":{"peer":1,"counter":0,"container_type":"Map"}}},"id":"{\"peer\":1,\"counter\":0}","children":[]}]}"#
     );
     doc_a.checkout(&v1).unwrap();
     assert_eq!(
         tree.get_value().to_json(),
-        r#""[{\"id\":{\"peer\":1,\"counter\":0},\"parent\":null,\"children\":[{\"id\":{\"peer\":1,\"counter\":1},\"parent\":{\"peer\":1,\"counter\":0},\"children\":[]}]}]""#
+        r#"{"roots":[{"parent":null,"meta":{"Container":{"Normal":{"peer":1,"counter":0,"container_type":"Map"}}},"id":"{\"peer\":1,\"counter\":0}","children":[{"parent":"{\"peer\":1,\"counter\":0}","meta":{"Container":{"Normal":{"peer":1,"counter":1,"container_type":"Map"}}},"id":"{\"peer\":1,\"counter\":1}","children":[]}]}]}"#
     );
     doc_a.checkout(&v2).unwrap();
     assert_eq!(
         tree.get_value().to_json(),
-        r#""[{\"id\":{\"peer\":1,\"counter\":0},\"parent\":null,\"children\":[{\"id\":{\"peer\":1,\"counter\":1},\"parent\":{\"peer\":1,\"counter\":0},\"children\":[{\"id\":{\"peer\":1,\"counter\":2},\"parent\":{\"peer\":1,\"counter\":1},\"children\":[]}]}]}]""#
+        r#"{"roots":[{"parent":null,"meta":{"Container":{"Normal":{"peer":1,"counter":0,"container_type":"Map"}}},"id":"{\"peer\":1,\"counter\":0}","children":[{"parent":"{\"peer\":1,\"counter\":0}","meta":{"Container":{"Normal":{"peer":1,"counter":1,"container_type":"Map"}}},"id":"{\"peer\":1,\"counter\":1}","children":[{"parent":"{\"peer\":1,\"counter\":1}","meta":{"Container":{"Normal":{"peer":1,"counter":2,"container_type":"Map"}}},"id":"{\"peer\":1,\"counter\":2}","children":[]}]}]}]}"#
     );
     doc_a.checkout(&v3).unwrap();
     assert_eq!(
         tree.get_value().to_json(),
-        r#""[{\"id\":{\"peer\":1,\"counter\":0},\"parent\":null,\"children\":[]}]""#
+        r#"{"roots":[{"parent":null,"meta":{"Container":{"Normal":{"peer":1,"counter":0,"container_type":"Map"}}},"id":"{\"peer\":1,\"counter\":0}","children":[]}]}"#
     );
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs b/crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs
index 862d40dd9..9edbfa9b4 100644
--- a/crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs
@@ -721,6 +721,30 @@ impl LoroTree {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    pub fn __txn_insert_metadata(
+        &mut self,
+        txn: &mut Transaction,
+        target: JsTreeID,
+        key: &str,
+        value: JsValue,
+    ) -> JsResult<()> {
+        let target: JsValue = target.into();
+        self.0
+            .insert_metadata(txn.as_mut()?, target.into(), key, value.into())?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn __txn_get_metadata(
+        &mut self,
+        txn: &mut Transaction,
+        target: JsTreeID,
+        key: &str,
+    ) -> JsResult<JsValue> {
+        let target: JsValue = target.into();
+        let ans = self.0.get_metadata(txn.as_mut()?, target.into(), key)?;
+        Ok(ans.into())
+    }
+
     #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "id", method, getter)]
     pub fn id(&self) -> JsContainerID {
         let value: JsValue = self.0.id().into();
diff --git a/loro-js/src/index.ts b/loro-js/src/index.ts
index 62cfa50e4..d55153194 100644
--- a/loro-js/src/index.ts
+++ b/loro-js/src/index.ts
@@ -98,6 +98,14 @@ LoroTree.prototype.delete = function(txn, target){
   this.__txn_delete(txn, target)
 }
 
+LoroTree.prototype.insertMetadata = function(txn, target, key, value){
+  this.__txn_insert_metadata(txn, target, key, value)
+}
+
+LoroTree.prototype.getMetadata = function(txn, target, key){
+  this.__txn_get_metadata(txn, target, key)
+}
+
 export type Value =
   | ContainerID
   | string
@@ -283,5 +291,9 @@ declare module "loro-wasm" {
     createChild(txn: Transaction, parent: TreeID): TreeID;
     delete(txn: Transaction, target: TreeID):void;
     move(txn: Transaction, target: TreeID, parent: TreeID):void;
+    insertMetadata(txn: Transaction, target: TreeID, key: string, value: Value | Prelim):void;
+    getMetadata(txn: Transaction, target: TreeID, key: string):Value;
+    subscribe(txn: Loro, listener: Listener): number;
+    
   }
 }

From 5a3fda145fcc01a05a1462db0bc56dabd356459b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 16:11:19 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 066/111] chore: typo

---
 crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs | 18 ++++++++++++++++--
 crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs         |  8 ++++----
 loro-js/src/index.ts                | 13 ++++++-------
 3 files changed, 26 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
index e2761acc3..b7c12bba0 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
@@ -760,7 +760,7 @@ impl TreeHandler {
         )
     }
 
-    pub fn insert_metadata(
+    pub fn insert_meta(
         &self,
         txn: &mut Transaction,
         target: TreeID,
@@ -779,7 +779,7 @@ impl TreeHandler {
         map.insert(txn, key, value)
     }
 
-    pub fn get_metadata(
+    pub fn get_meta(
         &self,
         txn: &mut Transaction,
         target: TreeID,
@@ -927,4 +927,18 @@ mod test {
         let text = txn.get_text("hello");
         assert_eq!(&**text.get_value().as_string().unwrap(), "hello world");
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn tree_meta() {
+        let loro = LoroDoc::new();
+        loro.set_peer_id(1);
+        let tree = loro.get_tree("root");
+        let id = loro.with_txn(|txn| tree.create(txn)).unwrap();
+        loro.with_txn(|txn| tree.insert_meta(txn, id, "a", 123.into()))
+            .unwrap();
+        let meta = loro
+            .with_txn(|txn| tree.get_meta(txn, id, "a").map(|a| a.unwrap()))
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(meta, 123.into());
+    }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs b/crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs
index 9edbfa9b4..e53426fa0 100644
--- a/crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs
@@ -721,7 +721,7 @@ impl LoroTree {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    pub fn __txn_insert_metadata(
+    pub fn __txn_insert_meta(
         &mut self,
         txn: &mut Transaction,
         target: JsTreeID,
@@ -730,18 +730,18 @@ impl LoroTree {
     ) -> JsResult<()> {
         let target: JsValue = target.into();
         self.0
-            .insert_metadata(txn.as_mut()?, target.into(), key, value.into())?;
+            .insert_meta(txn.as_mut()?, target.into(), key, value.into())?;
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    pub fn __txn_get_metadata(
+    pub fn __txn_get_meta(
         &mut self,
         txn: &mut Transaction,
         target: JsTreeID,
         key: &str,
     ) -> JsResult<JsValue> {
         let target: JsValue = target.into();
-        let ans = self.0.get_metadata(txn.as_mut()?, target.into(), key)?;
+        let ans = self.0.get_meta(txn.as_mut()?, target.into(), key)?;
         Ok(ans.into())
     }
 
diff --git a/loro-js/src/index.ts b/loro-js/src/index.ts
index d55153194..d13c01a48 100644
--- a/loro-js/src/index.ts
+++ b/loro-js/src/index.ts
@@ -98,12 +98,12 @@ LoroTree.prototype.delete = function(txn, target){
   this.__txn_delete(txn, target)
 }
 
-LoroTree.prototype.insertMetadata = function(txn, target, key, value){
-  this.__txn_insert_metadata(txn, target, key, value)
+LoroTree.prototype.insertMeta = function(txn, target, key, value){
+  this.__txn_insert_meta(txn, target, key, value)
 }
 
-LoroTree.prototype.getMetadata = function(txn, target, key){
-  this.__txn_get_metadata(txn, target, key)
+LoroTree.prototype.getMeta = function(txn, target, key){
+  this.__txn_get_meta(txn, target, key)
 }
 
 export type Value =
@@ -291,9 +291,8 @@ declare module "loro-wasm" {
     createChild(txn: Transaction, parent: TreeID): TreeID;
     delete(txn: Transaction, target: TreeID):void;
     move(txn: Transaction, target: TreeID, parent: TreeID):void;
-    insertMetadata(txn: Transaction, target: TreeID, key: string, value: Value | Prelim):void;
-    getMetadata(txn: Transaction, target: TreeID, key: string):Value;
+    insertMeta(txn: Transaction, target: TreeID, key: string, value: Value | Prelim):void;
+    getMeta(txn: Transaction, target: TreeID, key: string):Value;
     subscribe(txn: Loro, listener: Listener): number;
-    
   }
 }

From 5edfcde3239fbe986a03440e0094cf375a21849f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 16:11:19 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 067/111] fix: tree deep value

---
 crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++++--
 crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs         |  4 ++--
 2 files changed, 25 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
index b7c12bba0..233ccf57e 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ use enum_as_inner::EnumAsInner;
 use loro_common::{ContainerID, ContainerType, LoroResult, LoroTreeError, LoroValue, TreeID, ID};
 use std::{
     borrow::Cow,
-    sync::{Mutex, Weak},
+    sync::{Arc, Mutex, Weak},
 };
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
@@ -837,6 +837,23 @@ impl TreeHandler {
             .get_value_by_idx(self.container_idx)
     }
 
+    pub fn get_deep_value(&self) -> LoroValue {
+        let mut value = self.get_value();
+        let state = self.state.upgrade().unwrap();
+        let state = state.lock().unwrap();
+        let roots = Arc::make_mut(value.as_map_mut().unwrap())
+            .get_mut("roots")
+            .unwrap();
+        for node in Arc::make_mut(roots.as_list_mut().unwrap()).iter_mut() {
+            let meta = Arc::make_mut(node.as_map_mut().unwrap())
+                .get_mut("meta")
+                .unwrap();
+            let id = meta.as_container().unwrap();
+            *meta = state.get_container_deep_value(state.arena.id_to_idx(id).unwrap())
+        }
+        value
+    }
+
     pub fn nodes(&self) -> Vec<TreeID> {
         self.state
             .upgrade()
@@ -883,7 +900,7 @@ impl TreeHandler {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test {
 
-    use crate::loro::LoroDoc;
+    use crate::{loro::LoroDoc, ToJson};
 
     #[test]
     fn test() {
@@ -940,5 +957,9 @@ mod test {
             .with_txn(|txn| tree.get_meta(txn, id, "a").map(|a| a.unwrap()))
             .unwrap();
         assert_eq!(meta, 123.into());
+        assert_eq!(
+            r#"{"roots":[{"parent":null,"meta":{"a":123},"id":"{\"peer\":1,\"counter\":0}","children":[]}]}"#,
+            tree.get_deep_value().to_json()
+        )
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs b/crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs
index e53426fa0..5a05de676 100644
--- a/crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs
@@ -797,11 +797,11 @@ impl LoroTree {
 
 #[wasm_bindgen(typescript_custom_section)]
 const TYPES: &'static str = r#"
-export type ContainerType = "Text" | "Map" | "List";
+export type ContainerType = "Text" | "Map" | "List"| "Tree";
 export type ContainerID =
   | `/${string}:${ContainerType}`
   | `${number}@${number}:${ContainerType}`;
-export type TreeID = {lamport: number, peer: bigint};
+export type TreeID = {peer: bigint, counter: number};
 
 interface Loro {
     exportFrom(version?: Uint8Array): Uint8Array;

From b82d85065e79626707915a3aae9e623169ba2930 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 16:11:19 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 068/111] fix: snapshot tree index -1

---
 crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs                | 46 +++++++----------
 crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs          |  7 ++-
 crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs  |  6 +--
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs | 53 ++++----------------
 crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs                  | 35 +++++++++----
 loro-js/src/index.ts                         | 13 ++++-
 loro-js/tests/misc.test.ts                   |  2 +
 7 files changed, 72 insertions(+), 90 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs b/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
index 5cfe4f40e..7d400b69a 100644
--- a/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
@@ -118,6 +118,7 @@ impl ContainerType {
             0 => ContainerType::Text,
             1 => ContainerType::Map,
             2 => ContainerType::List,
+            3 => ContainerType::Tree,
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }
     }
@@ -284,41 +285,30 @@ impl TreeID {
     }
 }
 
+impl Display for TreeID {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        self.id().fmt(f)
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(feature = "wasm")]
 pub mod wasm {
-    use crate::{Counter, TreeID};
-    use js_sys::Object;
-    use wasm_bindgen::__rt::IntoJsResult;
-    use wasm_bindgen::{JsCast, JsValue};
+    use crate::TreeID;
+    use wasm_bindgen::JsValue;
     impl From<TreeID> for JsValue {
         fn from(value: TreeID) -> Self {
-            let TreeID { peer, counter } = value;
-            let obj = Object::new();
-            js_sys::Reflect::set(&obj, &JsValue::from_str("peer"), &JsValue::from(peer)).unwrap();
-            js_sys::Reflect::set(&obj, &JsValue::from_str("counter"), &JsValue::from(counter))
-                .unwrap();
-            obj.into_js_result().unwrap()
+            JsValue::from_str(&format!("{}", value.id()))
         }
     }
 
-    impl From<JsValue> for TreeID {
-        fn from(value: JsValue) -> Self {
-            let obj = value
-                .dyn_into::<js_sys::Object>()
-                .expect("Expected JsValue to be an object");
-
-            let peer = js_sys::Reflect::get(&obj, &JsValue::from_str("peer"))
-                .expect("Expected object to have a 'peer' property")
-                .try_into()
-                .expect("Expected 'peer' property to be a number");
-
-            let counter = js_sys::Reflect::get(&obj, &JsValue::from_str("counter"))
-                .expect("Expected object to have a 'counter' property")
-                .as_f64()
-                .expect("Expected 'counter' property to be a number")
-                as Counter;
-
-            TreeID { peer, counter }
+    impl TryFrom<JsValue> for TreeID {
+        type Error = ();
+        fn try_from(value: JsValue) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+            let id = value.as_string().unwrap();
+            let mut parts = id.split('@');
+            let counter = parts.next().ok_or(())?.parse().map_err(|_| ())?;
+            let peer = parts.next().ok_or(())?.parse().map_err(|_| ())?;
+            Ok(TreeID { peer, counter })
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
index 233ccf57e..e3d00feb2 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
@@ -958,8 +958,11 @@ mod test {
             .unwrap();
         assert_eq!(meta, 123.into());
         assert_eq!(
-            r#"{"roots":[{"parent":null,"meta":{"a":123},"id":"{\"peer\":1,\"counter\":0}","children":[]}]}"#,
+            r#"{"roots":[{"parent":null,"meta":{"a":123},"id":"0@1","children":[]}]}"#,
             tree.get_deep_value().to_json()
-        )
+        );
+        let bytes = loro.export_snapshot();
+        let loro2 = LoroDoc::new();
+        loro2.import(&bytes).unwrap();
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
index c464626bd..34c9aac9f 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ pub fn decode_state<'b>(
             loro_preload::EncodedContainerState::Tree(tree_data) => {
                 let mut tree = TreeState::new();
                 for (target, parent) in tree_data {
-                    let (peer, counter) = state_arena.tree_ids[*target];
+                    let (peer, counter) = state_arena.tree_ids[*target - 1];
                     let target_peer = common.peer_ids[peer as usize];
                     let target = TreeID {
                         peer: target_peer,
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ pub fn decode_state<'b>(
                         TreeID::delete_root()
                     } else {
                         parent.map(|p| {
-                            let (peer, counter) = state_arena.tree_ids[p];
+                            let (peer, counter) = state_arena.tree_ids[p - 1];
                             let peer = common.peer_ids[peer as usize];
                             TreeID { peer, counter }
                         })
@@ -783,7 +783,6 @@ fn encode_oplog(oplog: &OpLog, state_ref: Option<PreEncodedState>) -> FinalPhase
                             *tree_id_lookup.get(&p).unwrap()
                         })
                     };
-
                     encoded_ops.push(EncodedSnapshotOp::from(
                         SnapshotOp::Tree {
                             target: target_idx,
@@ -906,7 +905,6 @@ fn encode_oplog(oplog: &OpLog, state_ref: Option<PreEncodedState>) -> FinalPhase
         ),
         oplog: Cow::Owned(oplog_encoded.encode()),
     };
-
     ans
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
index 1321aa7ad..c75d8926c 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use fxhash::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use loro_common::{
     ContainerID, ContainerType, LoroError, LoroResult, LoroTreeError, LoroValue, TreeID,
-    DELETED_TREE_ROOT,
+    DELETED_TREE_ROOT, ID,
 };
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use std::collections::hash_map::Iter;
@@ -165,13 +165,6 @@ impl TreeState {
             .collect::<Vec<_>>()
     }
 
-    #[cfg(feature = "json")]
-    #[cfg(feature = "test_utils")]
-    fn to_json(&self) -> LoroValue {
-        let forest = Forest::from_tree_state(&self.trees);
-        forest.to_json().into()
-    }
-
     #[cfg(feature = "test_utils")]
     pub fn max_counter(&self) -> i32 {
         self.trees
@@ -377,8 +370,6 @@ impl Forest {
         Self::from_tree_state(&state)
     }
 
-    // TODO: remove json feature
-    #[cfg(feature = "json")]
     pub(crate) fn to_value(&self, with_deleted: bool) -> LoroValue {
         let mut ans = FxHashMap::default();
         ans.insert(
@@ -398,8 +389,6 @@ impl Forest {
         ans.into()
     }
 
-    #[allow(unused)]
-    #[cfg(feature = "json")]
     pub(crate) fn from_value(value: LoroValue) -> LoroResult<Self> {
         let mut map = Arc::try_unwrap(value.into_map().unwrap()).unwrap();
         // TODO: perf
@@ -426,37 +415,19 @@ impl Forest {
         };
         Ok(Self { roots, deleted })
     }
-
-    pub(crate) fn from_json(json: &str) -> LoroResult<Self> {
-        if json.is_empty() {
-            return Ok(Default::default());
-        }
-        serde_json::from_str(json).map_err(|_| LoroError::DeserializeJsonStringError)
-    }
-
-    #[cfg(feature = "json")]
-    pub(crate) fn to_json(&self) -> String {
-        serde_json::to_string(&self).unwrap()
-    }
-
-    #[cfg(feature = "json")]
-    #[cfg(feature = "test_utils")]
-    pub(crate) fn to_json_without_deleted(&self) -> String {
-        serde_json::to_string(&self.to_value(false)).unwrap()
-    }
 }
 
 impl TreeNode {
-    #[allow(unused)]
-    #[cfg(feature = "json")]
     fn from_value(value: LoroValue) -> Self {
-        let mut map = value.into_map().unwrap();
+        let map = value.into_map().unwrap();
         let id = map.get("id").unwrap().clone().into_string().unwrap();
-        let id = serde_json::from_str(&id).unwrap();
+        let id = TreeID::from_id(ID::try_from(id.as_str()).unwrap());
         let parent = {
             match map.get("parent").unwrap() {
                 LoroValue::Null => None,
-                LoroValue::String(str) => Some(serde_json::from_str(str).unwrap()),
+                LoroValue::String(str) => {
+                    Some(TreeID::from_id(ID::try_from(str.as_str()).unwrap()))
+                }
                 _ => unreachable!(),
             }
         };
@@ -478,18 +449,12 @@ impl TreeNode {
             children,
         }
     }
-    #[cfg(feature = "json")]
+
     fn to_value(&self) -> LoroValue {
         let mut ans = FxHashMap::default();
-        ans.insert(
-            "id".to_string(),
-            serde_json::to_string(&self.id).unwrap().into(),
-        );
+        ans.insert("id".to_string(), self.id.id().to_string().into());
         if let Some(p) = &self.parent {
-            ans.insert(
-                "parent".to_string(),
-                serde_json::to_string(p).unwrap().into(),
-            );
+            ans.insert("parent".to_string(), p.id().to_string().into());
         } else {
             ans.insert("parent".to_string(), LoroValue::Null);
         }
diff --git a/crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs b/crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs
index 5a05de676..0272bb4a3 100644
--- a/crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use loro_internal::{
     obs::SubID,
     txn::Transaction as Txn,
     version::Frontiers,
-    ContainerType, DiffEvent, LoroDoc, VersionVector,
+    ContainerType, DiffEvent, LoroDoc, LoroError, VersionVector,
 };
 use std::{cell::RefCell, cmp::Ordering, ops::Deref, rc::Rc, sync::Arc};
 use wasm_bindgen::{__rt::IntoJsResult, prelude::*};
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ extern "C" {
     pub type JsOrigin;
     #[wasm_bindgen(typescript_type = "{ peer: bigint, counter: number }")]
     pub type JsID;
-    #[wasm_bindgen(typescript_type = "{ lamport: number, peer: bigint }")]
+    #[wasm_bindgen(typescript_type = "TreeID")]
     pub type JsTreeID;
 }
 
@@ -698,7 +698,9 @@ impl LoroTree {
         parent: JsTreeID,
     ) -> JsResult<JsTreeID> {
         let parent: JsValue = parent.into();
-        let id = self.0.create_and_mov(txn.as_mut()?, parent.into())?;
+        let id = self
+            .0
+            .create_and_mov(txn.as_mut()?, parent.try_into().unwrap())?;
         let js_id: JsValue = id.into();
         Ok(js_id.into())
     }
@@ -711,13 +713,17 @@ impl LoroTree {
     ) -> JsResult<()> {
         let target: JsValue = target.into();
         let parent: JsValue = parent.into();
-        self.0.mov(txn.as_mut()?, target.into(), parent.into())?;
+        self.0.mov(
+            txn.as_mut()?,
+            target.try_into().unwrap(),
+            parent.try_into().unwrap(),
+        )?;
         Ok(())
     }
 
     pub fn __txn_delete(&mut self, txn: &mut Transaction, target: JsTreeID) -> JsResult<()> {
         let target: JsValue = target.into();
-        self.0.delete(txn.as_mut()?, target.into())?;
+        self.0.delete(txn.as_mut()?, target.try_into().unwrap())?;
         Ok(())
     }
 
@@ -730,7 +736,7 @@ impl LoroTree {
     ) -> JsResult<()> {
         let target: JsValue = target.into();
         self.0
-            .insert_meta(txn.as_mut()?, target.into(), key, value.into())?;
+            .insert_meta(txn.as_mut()?, target.try_into().unwrap(), key, value.into())?;
         Ok(())
     }
 
@@ -741,7 +747,9 @@ impl LoroTree {
         key: &str,
     ) -> JsResult<JsValue> {
         let target: JsValue = target.into();
-        let ans = self.0.get_meta(txn.as_mut()?, target.into(), key)?;
+        let ans = self
+            .0
+            .get_meta(txn.as_mut()?, target.try_into().unwrap(), key)?;
         Ok(ans.into())
     }
 
@@ -756,6 +764,11 @@ impl LoroTree {
         self.0.get_value().into()
     }
 
+    #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "getDeepValue")]
+    pub fn get_value_deep(&self) -> JsValue {
+        self.0.get_deep_value().into()
+    }
+
     #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "nodes", method, getter)]
     pub fn nodes(&mut self) -> Vec<JsTreeID> {
         self.0
@@ -771,7 +784,9 @@ impl LoroTree {
     #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "parent")]
     pub fn parent(&mut self, target: JsTreeID) -> JsResult<Option<JsTreeID>> {
         let target: JsValue = target.into();
-        let id = target.into();
+        let id = target
+            .try_into()
+            .map_err(|_| LoroError::JsError("parse `TreeID` string error".into()))?;
         self.0
             .parent(id)
             .map(|p| {
@@ -780,7 +795,7 @@ impl LoroTree {
                     v.into()
                 })
             })
-            .ok_or(format!("node `{:?}` doesn't exist", id).into())
+            .ok_or(format!("Tree node `{}` doesn't exist", id).into())
     }
 
     pub fn subscribe(&self, loro: &Loro, f: js_sys::Function) -> JsResult<u32> {
@@ -801,7 +816,7 @@ export type ContainerType = "Text" | "Map" | "List"| "Tree";
 export type ContainerID =
   | `/${string}:${ContainerType}`
   | `${number}@${number}:${ContainerType}`;
-export type TreeID = {peer: bigint, counter: number};
+export type TreeID = `${number}@${number}`;
 
 interface Loro {
     exportFrom(version?: Uint8Array): Uint8Array;
diff --git a/loro-js/src/index.ts b/loro-js/src/index.ts
index d13c01a48..9117c64ee 100644
--- a/loro-js/src/index.ts
+++ b/loro-js/src/index.ts
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ import {
   Transaction,
 } from "loro-wasm";
 
-export type { ContainerID, ContainerType } from "loro-wasm";
+export type { ContainerID, ContainerType, TreeID } from "loro-wasm";
 
 Loro.prototype.transact = function (cb, origin) {
   return this.__raw__transactionWithOrigin(origin || "", (txn: Transaction) => {
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ LoroTree.prototype.insertMeta = function(txn, target, key, value){
 }
 
 LoroTree.prototype.getMeta = function(txn, target, key){
-  this.__txn_get_meta(txn, target, key)
+  return this.__txn_get_meta(txn, target, key)
 }
 
 export type Value =
@@ -111,6 +111,7 @@ export type Value =
   | string
   | number
   | null
+  | boolean
   | { [key: string]: Value }
   | Uint8Array
   | Value[];
@@ -286,6 +287,13 @@ declare module "loro-wasm" {
     subscribe(txn: Loro, listener: Listener): number;
   }
 
+  interface TreeNode{
+    id: string,
+    parent: string | undefined,
+    children: TreeNode[]
+    meta: {[key: string]: any}
+  }
+
   interface LoroTree{
     create(txn: Transaction): TreeID;
     createChild(txn: Transaction, parent: TreeID): TreeID;
@@ -294,5 +302,6 @@ declare module "loro-wasm" {
     insertMeta(txn: Transaction, target: TreeID, key: string, value: Value | Prelim):void;
     getMeta(txn: Transaction, target: TreeID, key: string):Value;
     subscribe(txn: Loro, listener: Listener): number;
+    getDeepValue(): {roots: TreeNode[]};
   }
 }
diff --git a/loro-js/tests/misc.test.ts b/loro-js/tests/misc.test.ts
index 72260e63f..9af373bec 100644
--- a/loro-js/tests/misc.test.ts
+++ b/loro-js/tests/misc.test.ts
@@ -362,6 +362,8 @@ describe("tree", () => {
     const childID = loro.transact((txn)=>{
       return tree.createChild(txn, id);
     })
+    console.log(typeof id);
+    
     assertEquals(tree.parent(childID), id);
   })
 })

From aeb6bc0ccc729de392dd8bbe32729081d9f9f0c6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 16:11:19 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 069/111] fix: decode tree snapshot use state

---
 crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs                | 10 ++++++++++
 crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs          | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++
 crates/loro-internal/src/id.rs               |  1 +
 crates/loro-internal/src/lib.rs              |  2 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs  |  3 +--
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs |  2 +-
 crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs                  | 10 ++++------
 7 files changed, 38 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs b/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
index 7d400b69a..e0cb37ecd 100644
--- a/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
@@ -291,6 +291,16 @@ impl Display for TreeID {
     }
 }
 
+impl TryFrom<&str> for TreeID {
+    type Error = ();
+    fn try_from(value: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        let mut parts = value.split('@');
+        let counter = parts.next().ok_or(())?.parse().map_err(|_| ())?;
+        let peer = parts.next().ok_or(())?.parse().map_err(|_| ())?;
+        Ok(TreeID { peer, counter })
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(feature = "wasm")]
 pub mod wasm {
     use crate::TreeID;
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
index e3d00feb2..6bf0e2b99 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
@@ -965,4 +965,24 @@ mod test {
         let loro2 = LoroDoc::new();
         loro2.import(&bytes).unwrap();
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn decode() {
+        let bytes = vec![
+            108, 111, 114, 111, 0, 2, 69, 78, 187, 74, 67, 81, 16, 156, 217, 217, 115, 77, 8, 226,
+            227, 63, 68, 124, 196, 198, 86, 252, 13, 81, 239, 41, 132, 232, 13, 114, 11, 203, 164,
+            78, 41, 42, 246, 126, 128, 218, 9, 118, 66, 132, 84, 90, 90, 137, 22, 54, 22, 130, 96,
+            27, 93, 11, 227, 178, 47, 134, 153, 97, 54, 253, 251, 175, 120, 245, 252, 121, 58, 58,
+            190, 120, 90, 56, 27, 191, 63, 222, 188, 61, 12, 139, 222, 101, 255, 228, 174, 215, 31,
+            108, 8, 126, 88, 85, 181, 254, 57, 32, 39, 52, 112, 157, 19, 42, 36, 17, 70, 9, 140,
+            142, 75, 35, 105, 113, 236, 23, 48, 77, 209, 141, 201, 100, 86, 8, 64, 27, 106, 228,
+            163, 238, 246, 65, 153, 203, 84, 239, 213, 157, 220, 220, 173, 246, 187, 157, 92, 231,
+            210, 73, 215, 210, 242, 10, 225, 90, 109, 175, 9, 227, 8, 58, 19, 246, 240, 80, 98, 75,
+            41, 33, 133, 229, 44, 210, 232, 122, 112, 254, 178, 115, 251, 241, 58, 61, 188, 255,
+            90, 76, 240, 208, 38, 132, 144, 6, 165, 86, 124, 5, 99, 140, 104, 97, 46, 64, 21, 50,
+            185, 48, 31, 102, 205, 128, 224, 17, 177, 65, 185, 57, 34, 107, 172, 2, 63,
+        ];
+        let loro = LoroDoc::new();
+        loro.import(&bytes).unwrap();
+    }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/id.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/id.rs
index 827585855..1c8882be9 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/id.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/id.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 pub use loro_common::Counter;
 pub use loro_common::PeerID;
+pub use loro_common::TreeID;
 pub use loro_common::ID;
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/lib.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/lib.rs
index c95b8f528..85e790628 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/lib.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ pub mod arena;
 pub mod diff_calc;
 pub mod handler;
 pub use event::{ContainerDiff, DiffEvent, DocDiff};
-pub use handler::{ListHandler, MapHandler, TextHandler};
+pub use handler::{ListHandler, MapHandler, TextHandler, TreeHandler};
 pub use loro::LoroDoc;
 pub use oplog::OpLog;
 pub use state::DocState;
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
index 34c9aac9f..c76a2a9ee 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
@@ -312,8 +312,7 @@ pub fn decode_state<'b>(
                             TreeID { peer, counter }
                         })
                     };
-                    // TODO: set state
-                    tree.mov(target, parent).unwrap();
+                    tree.trees.insert(target, parent);
                 }
                 container_states.insert(idx, State::TreeState(tree));
             }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
index c75d8926c..cf62ea8ec 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use super::ContainerState;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct TreeState {
-    trees: FxHashMap<TreeID, Option<TreeID>>,
+    pub(crate) trees: FxHashMap<TreeID, Option<TreeID>>,
     in_txn: bool,
     undo_items: Vec<TreeUndoItem>,
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs b/crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs
index 0272bb4a3..123e9a9d3 100644
--- a/crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use loro_internal::{
     container::ContainerID,
     event::{Diff, Index},
     handler::{ListHandler, MapHandler, TextHandler, TreeHandler},
-    id::{Counter, ID},
+    id::{Counter, TreeID, ID},
     obs::SubID,
     txn::Transaction as Txn,
     version::Frontiers,
@@ -712,12 +712,10 @@ impl LoroTree {
         parent: JsTreeID,
     ) -> JsResult<()> {
         let target: JsValue = target.into();
+        let target = TreeID::try_from(target).unwrap();
         let parent: JsValue = parent.into();
-        self.0.mov(
-            txn.as_mut()?,
-            target.try_into().unwrap(),
-            parent.try_into().unwrap(),
-        )?;
+        let parent = TreeID::try_from(parent).unwrap();
+        self.0.mov(txn.as_mut()?, target, parent)?;
         Ok(())
     }
 

From 0c22dc57ec6708931fd38fab95e50e5dd198c14f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 16:11:19 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 070/111] fix: release state lock when emit event

---
 crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs | 28 ++++++++++++++++------------
 crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs    |  4 ++--
 crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs         |  6 ++++++
 loro-js/src/index.ts                | 20 +++++++++++++-------
 4 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
index 6bf0e2b99..e493ad6fd 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ use enum_as_inner::EnumAsInner;
 use loro_common::{ContainerID, ContainerType, LoroResult, LoroTreeError, LoroValue, TreeID, ID};
 use std::{
     borrow::Cow,
-    sync::{Arc, Mutex, Weak},
+    sync::{Arc, Mutex, MutexGuard, Weak},
 };
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
@@ -698,6 +698,9 @@ impl TreeHandler {
 
     pub fn create(&self, txn: &mut Transaction) -> LoroResult<TreeID> {
         let tree_id = TreeID::from_id(txn.next_id());
+        // let map_container_id = self.meta_container_id(tree_id);
+        // let child_idx = txn.arena.register_container(&container_id);
+        // txn.arena.set_parent(child_idx, Some(self.container_idx));
         txn.apply_local_op(
             self.container_idx,
             crate::op::RawOpContent::Tree(TreeOp {
@@ -770,11 +773,7 @@ impl TreeHandler {
         if !self.contains(target) {
             return Err(LoroTreeError::TreeNodeNotExist(target).into());
         }
-        let map_container_id = ContainerID::Normal {
-            peer: target.peer,
-            counter: target.counter,
-            container_type: ContainerType::Map,
-        };
+        let map_container_id = self.meta_container_id(target);
         let map = txn.get_map(map_container_id);
         map.insert(txn, key, value)
     }
@@ -844,14 +843,19 @@ impl TreeHandler {
         let roots = Arc::make_mut(value.as_map_mut().unwrap())
             .get_mut("roots")
             .unwrap();
-        for node in Arc::make_mut(roots.as_list_mut().unwrap()).iter_mut() {
-            let meta = Arc::make_mut(node.as_map_mut().unwrap())
-                .get_mut("meta")
-                .unwrap();
+        Self::get_meta_value(roots, &state);
+        value
+    }
+
+    fn get_meta_value(nodes: &mut LoroValue, state: &MutexGuard<DocState>) {
+        for node in Arc::make_mut(nodes.as_list_mut().unwrap()).iter_mut() {
+            let map = Arc::make_mut(node.as_map_mut().unwrap());
+            let meta = map.get_mut("meta").unwrap();
             let id = meta.as_container().unwrap();
-            *meta = state.get_container_deep_value(state.arena.id_to_idx(id).unwrap())
+            *meta = state.get_container_deep_value(state.arena.id_to_idx(id).unwrap());
+            let children = map.get_mut("children").unwrap();
+            Self::get_meta_value(children, state)
         }
-        value
     }
 
     pub fn nodes(&self) -> Vec<TreeID> {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs
index 5c905f1cf..330edce23 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs
@@ -266,8 +266,8 @@ impl LoroDoc {
     }
 
     fn emit_events(&self) {
-        let mut state = self.state.lock().unwrap();
-        for event in state.take_events() {
+        let events = self.state.lock().unwrap().take_events();
+        for event in events {
             self.observer.emit(event);
         }
     }
diff --git a/crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs b/crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs
index 123e9a9d3..5f157fb49 100644
--- a/crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs
@@ -725,6 +725,12 @@ impl LoroTree {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    pub fn __txn_as_root(&mut self, txn: &mut Transaction, target: JsTreeID) -> JsResult<()> {
+        let target: JsValue = target.into();
+        self.0.as_root(txn.as_mut()?, target.try_into().unwrap())?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
     pub fn __txn_insert_meta(
         &mut self,
         txn: &mut Transaction,
diff --git a/loro-js/src/index.ts b/loro-js/src/index.ts
index 9117c64ee..5326cbe8a 100644
--- a/loro-js/src/index.ts
+++ b/loro-js/src/index.ts
@@ -94,6 +94,11 @@ LoroTree.prototype.move = function(txn, target, parent){
   this.__txn_move(txn, target, parent)
 }
 
+LoroTree.prototype.asRoot = function(txn, target){
+  this.__txn_as_root(txn, target)
+}
+
+
 LoroTree.prototype.delete = function(txn, target){
   this.__txn_delete(txn, target)
 }
@@ -193,6 +198,13 @@ export function isContainerId(s: string): s is ContainerID {
   }
 }
 
+export interface TreeNode{
+  id: TreeID,
+  parent: TreeID | null,
+  children: TreeNode[]
+  meta: {[key: string]: any}
+}
+
 export { Loro };
 
 declare module "loro-wasm" {
@@ -287,18 +299,12 @@ declare module "loro-wasm" {
     subscribe(txn: Loro, listener: Listener): number;
   }
 
-  interface TreeNode{
-    id: string,
-    parent: string | undefined,
-    children: TreeNode[]
-    meta: {[key: string]: any}
-  }
-
   interface LoroTree{
     create(txn: Transaction): TreeID;
     createChild(txn: Transaction, parent: TreeID): TreeID;
     delete(txn: Transaction, target: TreeID):void;
     move(txn: Transaction, target: TreeID, parent: TreeID):void;
+    asRoot(txn: Transaction, target:TreeID):void;
     insertMeta(txn: Transaction, target: TreeID, key: string, value: Value | Prelim):void;
     getMeta(txn: Transaction, target: TreeID, key: string):Value;
     subscribe(txn: Loro, listener: Listener): number;

From f21e74071b1755eae2a458f93762372b14cb4e90 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 16:11:19 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 071/111] fix: tree node meta container

---
 crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs            |  3 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs          | 20 ++++++++++++--
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs | 21 +++++++++++++-
 crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs            | 29 ++++++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 68 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs
index 851e70628..a8ae8cbe1 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use crate::{
 
 use std::borrow::Cow;
 
-use loro_common::ContainerID;
+use loro_common::{ContainerID, TreeID};
 
 use crate::{container::idx::ContainerIdx, version::Frontiers};
 
@@ -112,6 +112,7 @@ pub type Path = SmallVec<[Index; 4]>;
 pub enum Index {
     Key(InternalString),
     Seq(usize),
+    Node(TreeID),
 }
 
 /// Diff is the diff between two versions of a container.
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
index e493ad6fd..ee7d04c81 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
@@ -698,9 +698,9 @@ impl TreeHandler {
 
     pub fn create(&self, txn: &mut Transaction) -> LoroResult<TreeID> {
         let tree_id = TreeID::from_id(txn.next_id());
-        // let map_container_id = self.meta_container_id(tree_id);
-        // let child_idx = txn.arena.register_container(&container_id);
-        // txn.arena.set_parent(child_idx, Some(self.container_idx));
+        let container_id = self.meta_container_id(tree_id);
+        let child_idx = txn.arena.register_container(&container_id);
+        txn.arena.set_parent(child_idx, Some(self.container_idx));
         txn.apply_local_op(
             self.container_idx,
             crate::op::RawOpContent::Tree(TreeOp {
@@ -727,6 +727,9 @@ impl TreeHandler {
 
     pub fn create_and_mov(&self, txn: &mut Transaction, parent: TreeID) -> LoroResult<TreeID> {
         let tree_id = TreeID::from_id(txn.next_id());
+        let container_id = self.meta_container_id(tree_id);
+        let child_idx = txn.arena.register_container(&container_id);
+        txn.arena.set_parent(child_idx, Some(self.container_idx));
         txn.apply_local_op(
             self.container_idx,
             crate::op::RawOpContent::Tree(TreeOp {
@@ -989,4 +992,15 @@ mod test {
         let loro = LoroDoc::new();
         loro.import(&bytes).unwrap();
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn tree_meta_event() {
+        use std::sync::Arc;
+        let loro = LoroDoc::new();
+        loro.subscribe_deep(Arc::new(|e| println!("{e:?}")));
+        let tree = loro.get_tree("root");
+        let id = loro.with_txn(|txn| tree.create(txn)).unwrap();
+        loro.with_txn(|txn| tree.insert_meta(txn, id, "a", 1.into()))
+            .unwrap();
+    }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
index cf62ea8ec..ee3c16c1f 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,10 @@ use std::collections::hash_map::Iter;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use crate::{
-    arena::SharedArena, container::tree::tree_op::TreeOp, delta::TreeDiffItem, event::Diff,
+    arena::SharedArena,
+    container::tree::tree_op::TreeOp,
+    delta::TreeDiffItem,
+    event::{Diff, Index},
     op::RawOp,
 };
 
@@ -233,6 +236,22 @@ impl ContainerState for TreeState {
         let forest = Forest::from_tree_state(&self.trees);
         forest.to_value(false)
     }
+
+    /// Get the index of the child container
+    fn get_child_index(&self, id: &ContainerID) -> Option<Index> {
+        let id = id.as_normal().unwrap();
+        Some(Index::Node(TreeID {
+            peer: *id.0,
+            counter: *id.1,
+        }))
+    }
+
+    fn get_child_containers(&self) -> Vec<ContainerID> {
+        self.nodes()
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|n| ContainerID::new_normal(n.id(), ContainerType::Map))
+            .collect_vec()
+    }
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
index 768b495e0..56e9227af 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
@@ -178,6 +178,7 @@ impl ApplyDiff for LoroValue {
                 match item {
                     Index::Key(_) => hints.push(TypeHint::Map),
                     Index::Seq(_) => hints.push(TypeHint::List),
+                    Index::Node(_) => hints.push(TypeHint::Tree),
                 }
             }
 
@@ -205,6 +206,33 @@ impl ApplyDiff for LoroValue {
                         let list = Arc::make_mut(l);
                         value = list.get_mut(*index).unwrap();
                     }
+                    Index::Node(tree_id) => {
+                        let tree = value.as_map_mut().unwrap();
+                        // find the meta of `tree_id`
+                        let roots = Arc::make_mut(tree)
+                            .get_mut("roots")
+                            .unwrap()
+                            .as_list_mut()
+                            .unwrap();
+                        let roots = Arc::make_mut(roots);
+                        let mut s = vec![];
+                        s.extend(roots);
+                        let mut map_value = None;
+                        while let Some(root) = s.pop() {
+                            let root = Arc::make_mut(root.as_map_mut().unwrap());
+                            let this_node = root.get("id").unwrap().as_string().unwrap().as_ref()
+                                == &tree_id.to_string();
+                            if this_node {
+                                map_value = Some(root.get_mut("meta").unwrap());
+                                break;
+                            } else {
+                                let children =
+                                    root.get_mut("children").unwrap().as_list_mut().unwrap();
+                                s.extend(Arc::make_mut(children));
+                            }
+                        }
+                        value = map_value.unwrap();
+                    }
                 }
             }
             value
@@ -239,6 +267,7 @@ pub mod wasm {
             match value {
                 Index::Key(key) => JsValue::from_str(&key),
                 Index::Seq(num) => JsValue::from_f64(num as f64),
+                Index::Node(node) => JsValue::from_str(&node.to_string()),
             }
         }
     }

From d6f93c2958acdaa23899fc4e4efd3170e0272044 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 16:11:19 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 072/111] fix: need set map container when covert to local tree
 op

---
 crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs            | 30 ++++++++++++++++----
 crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs   |  1 -
 crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs          | 19 ++++++++++---
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs | 22 ++++++++++++--
 4 files changed, 60 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs
index 1a1456432..e473a75a8 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ use std::{
 
 use fxhash::FxHashMap;
 use jumprope::JumpRope;
+use loro_common::ContainerType;
 
 use crate::{
     container::{
@@ -127,11 +128,30 @@ impl<'a> OpConverter<'a> {
                     content: crate::op::InnerContent::List(InnerListOp::Delete(span)),
                 },
             },
-            crate::op::RawOpContent::Tree(tree) => Op {
-                container,
-                counter,
-                content: crate::op::InnerContent::Tree(tree),
-            },
+            crate::op::RawOpContent::Tree(tree) => {
+                // we need create every meta container associated with target TreeID
+                let id = tree.target;
+                let meta_container_id = ContainerID::new_normal(id.id(), ContainerType::Map);
+
+                if self.container_id_to_idx.get(&meta_container_id).is_none() {
+                    let container_idx_to_id = &mut self.container_idx_to_id;
+                    let idx = container_idx_to_id.len();
+                    container_idx_to_id.push(meta_container_id.clone());
+                    let idx = ContainerIdx::from_index_and_type(
+                        idx as u32,
+                        meta_container_id.container_type(),
+                    );
+                    self.container_id_to_idx.insert(meta_container_id, idx);
+                    let parent = &mut self.parents;
+                    parent.insert(idx, Some(container));
+                }
+
+                Op {
+                    container,
+                    counter,
+                    content: crate::op::InnerContent::Tree(tree),
+                }
+            }
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs
index d8d15b5ff..9685e6ccd 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs
@@ -149,7 +149,6 @@ impl TreeDiffCache {
                 diff.push((op.target, *old_parent).into());
             }
         }
-        assert_eq!(&self.current_version, lca);
         if debug {
             println!("revert diff:");
             for d in diff.iter() {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
index ee7d04c81..f0ae05f31 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
@@ -907,6 +907,8 @@ impl TreeHandler {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test {
 
+    use std::sync::atomic::AtomicU8;
+
     use crate::{loro::LoroDoc, ToJson};
 
     #[test]
@@ -997,10 +999,19 @@ mod test {
     fn tree_meta_event() {
         use std::sync::Arc;
         let loro = LoroDoc::new();
-        loro.subscribe_deep(Arc::new(|e| println!("{e:?}")));
         let tree = loro.get_tree("root");
-        let id = loro.with_txn(|txn| tree.create(txn)).unwrap();
-        loro.with_txn(|txn| tree.insert_meta(txn, id, "a", 1.into()))
-            .unwrap();
+        // loro.subscribe_deep(Arc::new(|e| println!("{} {:?} ", e.doc.local, e.doc.diff)));
+        loro.with_txn(|txn| {
+            let id = tree.create(txn)?;
+            tree.insert_meta(txn, id, "a", 1.into())?;
+            tree.insert_meta(txn, id, "b", 2.into())?;
+            Ok(id)
+        })
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let loro2 = LoroDoc::new();
+        loro2.subscribe_deep(Arc::new(|e| println!("{} {:?} ", e.doc.local, e.doc.diff)));
+        loro2.import(&loro.export_from(&loro2.oplog_vv())).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(loro.get_deep_value(), loro2.get_deep_value());
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
index ee3c16c1f..f836dc549 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
@@ -5,9 +5,10 @@ use loro_common::{
     DELETED_TREE_ROOT, ID,
 };
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
-use std::collections::hash_map::Iter;
+use std::collections::{hash_map::Iter, VecDeque};
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
+use crate::delta::{TreeDelta, TreeDiff};
 use crate::{
     arena::SharedArena,
     container::tree::tree_op::TreeOp,
@@ -212,7 +213,24 @@ impl ContainerState for TreeState {
     }
 
     fn to_diff(&self) -> Diff {
-        todo!()
+        let mut diffs = vec![];
+        // TODO: perf
+        let forest = Forest::from_tree_state(&self.trees);
+        let mut q = VecDeque::from(forest.roots);
+        while let Some(node) = q.pop_front() {
+            let action = if let Some(parent) = node.parent {
+                TreeDiffItem::Move(parent)
+            } else {
+                TreeDiffItem::CreateOrRestore
+            };
+            let diff = TreeDiff {
+                target: node.id,
+                action,
+            };
+            diffs.push(diff);
+            q.extend(node.children);
+        }
+        Diff::Tree(TreeDelta { diff: diffs })
     }
 
     fn start_txn(&mut self) {

From 59dd30fde6f207e1dd0df61ea77d9fb713be1d11 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 16:11:19 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 073/111] fix: tree value add deleted

---
 crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs                |   2 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs        | 167 ++++---------------
 crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs          |  37 ++--
 crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs            |  33 ++--
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs | 134 ++++++++++++---
 crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs            |  63 +++----
 6 files changed, 219 insertions(+), 217 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs b/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
index e0cb37ecd..93b8ecf4e 100644
--- a/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ impl ContainerType {
             ContainerType::Tree => {
                 let mut map: FxHashMap<String, LoroValue> = FxHashMap::default();
                 map.insert("roots".to_string(), LoroValue::List(vec![].into()));
-                // map.insert("deleted".to_string(), LoroValue::List(vec![].into()));
+                map.insert("deleted".to_string(), LoroValue::List(vec![].into()));
                 map.into()
             }
         }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs
index fdbfec4b4..aa6d8ffc5 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs
@@ -17,14 +17,9 @@ use crate::{
     ContainerType, LoroValue,
 };
 use crate::{
-    container::idx::ContainerIdx,
-    delta::{TreeDiff, TreeDiffItem},
-    handler::TreeHandler,
-    loro::LoroDoc,
-    state::Forest,
-    value::ToJson,
-    version::Frontiers,
-    ApplyDiff, ListHandler, MapHandler, TextHandler,
+    container::idx::ContainerIdx, delta::TreeDiffItem, handler::TreeHandler, loro::LoroDoc,
+    state::Forest, value::ToJson, version::Frontiers, ApplyDiff, ListHandler, MapHandler,
+    TextHandler,
 };
 
 #[derive(Arbitrary, EnumAsInner, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
@@ -67,6 +62,7 @@ pub enum TreeAction {
     Create,
     Move,
     Delete,
+    Meta,
 }
 
 impl Debug for TreeAction {
@@ -75,6 +71,7 @@ impl Debug for TreeAction {
             TreeAction::Create => f.write_str("TreeAction::Create"),
             TreeAction::Move => f.write_str("TreeAction::Move"),
             TreeAction::Delete => f.write_str("TreeAction::Delete"),
+            TreeAction::Meta => f.write_str("TreeAction::Meta"),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -345,6 +342,7 @@ impl Tabled for Action {
                     TreeAction::Create => "Create".to_string(),
                     TreeAction::Move => format!("Move to {parent:?}"),
                     TreeAction::Delete => "Delete".to_string(),
+                    TreeAction::Meta => "Meta".to_string(),
                 };
                 vec![
                     "tree".into(),
@@ -427,7 +425,11 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<Actor> {
                             max_counter_mapping.insert(peer, counter);
                         }
                     }
-                    if tree_num == 0 || tree_num < 2 && matches!(action, TreeAction::Move) {
+                    if tree_num == 0
+                        || tree_num < 2
+                            && (matches!(action, TreeAction::Move)
+                                || matches!(action, TreeAction::Meta))
+                    {
                         *action = TreeAction::Create;
                     } else if tree_num >= 255 && matches!(action, TreeAction::Create) {
                         *action = TreeAction::Move;
@@ -457,6 +459,11 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<Actor> {
                             *target_peer = nodes[target_idx].peer;
                             *target_counter = nodes[target_idx].counter;
                         }
+                        TreeAction::Meta => {
+                            let target_idx = *target_peer as usize % tree_num;
+                            *target_peer = nodes[target_idx].peer;
+                            *target_counter = nodes[target_idx].counter;
+                        }
                     }
                 } else {
                     *target_peer = *site as u64;
@@ -848,6 +855,21 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<Actor> {
                             )
                             .unwrap();
                     }
+                    TreeAction::Meta => {
+                        let key = parent_peer.to_string();
+                        let value = *parent_counter;
+                        container
+                            .insert_meta(
+                                &mut txn,
+                                TreeID {
+                                    peer: *target_peer,
+                                    counter: *target_counter,
+                                },
+                                &key,
+                                value.into(),
+                            )
+                            .unwrap();
+                    }
                 }
 
                 drop(txn);
@@ -871,6 +893,8 @@ fn assert_value_eq(a: &LoroValue, b: &LoroValue) {
                         m.is_empty() || {
                             m.get("roots")
                                 .is_some_and(|x| x.as_list().is_some_and(|l| l.is_empty()))
+                                && m.get("deleted")
+                                    .is_some_and(|x| x.as_list().is_some_and(|l| l.is_empty()))
                         }
                     }
                     _ => false,
@@ -889,6 +913,8 @@ fn assert_value_eq(a: &LoroValue, b: &LoroValue) {
                         m.is_empty() || {
                             m.get("roots")
                                 .is_some_and(|x| x.as_list().is_some_and(|l| l.is_empty()))
+                                && m.get("deleted")
+                                    .is_some_and(|x| x.as_list().is_some_and(|l| l.is_empty()))
                         }
                     }
                     _ => false,
@@ -935,7 +961,7 @@ fn check_eq(a_actor: &mut Actor, b_actor: &mut Actor) {
     let a = a_doc.get_tree("tree");
     let value_a = a.get_value();
     let forest = Forest::from_tree_state(&a_actor.tree_tracker.lock().unwrap());
-    assert_eq!(&value_a, &forest.to_value(false),);
+    assert_eq!(&value_a, &forest.to_value());
 }
 
 fn check_synced(sites: &mut [Actor]) {
@@ -1035,28 +1061,10 @@ pub fn test_multi_sites(site_num: u8, actions: &mut [Action]) {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod failed_tests {
     use crate::fuzz::minify_error;
-    use crate::tests::PROPTEST_FACTOR_10;
 
     use super::normalize;
     use super::test_multi_sites;
-    use super::Action;
     use super::Action::*;
-    use super::FuzzValue;
-    use super::FuzzValue::*;
-    use arbtest::arbitrary::{self, Unstructured};
-
-    fn prop(u: &mut Unstructured<'_>, site_num: u8) -> arbitrary::Result<()> {
-        let xs = u.arbitrary::<Vec<Action>>()?;
-        if let Err(e) = std::panic::catch_unwind(|| {
-            test_multi_sites(site_num, &mut xs.clone());
-        }) {
-            dbg!(xs);
-            println!("{:?}", e);
-            panic!()
-        } else {
-            Ok(())
-        }
-    }
 
     #[test]
     fn empty() {
@@ -1658,108 +1666,6 @@ mod failed_tests {
                     target: (15924828756454277119, -161480704),
                     parent: (949193765217, 16777209),
                 },
-                // Tree {
-                //     site: 0,
-                //     container_idx: 0,
-                //     action: TreeAction::Create,
-                //     target: (280650342989568, 402718846),
-                //     parent: (4467570830351532032, 1044266558),
-                // },
-                // Sync { from: 161, to: 161 },
-                // Tree {
-                //     site: 0,
-                //     container_idx: 0,
-                //     action: TreeAction::Create,
-                //     target: (268999696801, 2030074880),
-                //     parent: (123146887330169, 0),
-                // },
-                // Tree {
-                //     site: 0,
-                //     container_idx: 125,
-                //     action: TreeAction::Move,
-                //     target: (16395917401619837, 1446650880),
-                //     parent: (36030985271247103, 33613056),
-                // },
-                // Sync { from: 0, to: 123 },
-                // Sync { from: 106, to: 0 },
-                // Tree {
-                //     site: 104,
-                //     container_idx: 42,
-                //     action: TreeAction::Move,
-                //     target: (0, 0),
-                //     parent: (24186560929, 0),
-                // },
-                // Sync { from: 62, to: 0 },
-                // Sync { from: 0, to: 121 },
-                // Tree {
-                //     site: 0,
-                //     container_idx: 0,
-                //     action: TreeAction::Create,
-                //     target: (0, -16843010),
-                //     parent: (360005391389490942, 0),
-                // },
-                // Sync { from: 161, to: 161 },
-                // Tree {
-                //     site: 0,
-                //     container_idx: 0,
-                //     action: TreeAction::Move,
-                //     target: (481042528633, 0),
-                //     parent: (9330751978805919744, 2105376130),
-                // },
-                // Sync { from: 125, to: 125 },
-                // Tree {
-                //     site: 58,
-                //     container_idx: 58,
-                //     action: TreeAction::Create,
-                //     target: (4195730024608447034, 976894522),
-                //     parent: (4195730024608447034, 976894522),
-                // },
-                // Tree {
-                //     site: 58,
-                //     container_idx: 58,
-                //     action: TreeAction::Create,
-                //     target: (4195730024608447034, 976894522),
-                //     parent: (4195730024608447034, 976894522),
-                // },
-                // Tree {
-                //     site: 125,
-                //     container_idx: 125,
-                //     action: TreeAction::Create,
-                //     target: (71870926773289018, 33390080),
-                //     parent: (7502154757134352512, 2063624296),
-                // },
-                // Sync { from: 106, to: 0 },
-                // Tree {
-                //     site: 231,
-                //     container_idx: 104,
-                //     action: TreeAction::Create,
-                //     target: (116, 0),
-                //     parent: (6191759597824, 0),
-                // },
-                // Sync { from: 161, to: 62 },
-                // Tree {
-                //     site: 124,
-                //     container_idx: 0,
-                //     action: TreeAction::Move,
-                //     target: (7340126, 0),
-                //     parent: (9042521604759552000, 32125),
-                // },
-                // Tree {
-                //     site: 36,
-                //     container_idx: 58,
-                //     action: TreeAction::Delete,
-                //     target: (26392582291456, 0),
-                //     parent: (11618792525715619328, -1583242847),
-                // },
-                // Sync { from: 125, to: 125 },
-                // Sync { from: 125, to: 0 },
-                // Tree {
-                //     site: 0,
-                //     container_idx: 0,
-                //     action: TreeAction::Create,
-                //     target: (4485022278907592704, -1583268290),
-                //     parent: (5092247970209, 0),
-                // },
             ],
         )
     }
@@ -1852,7 +1758,6 @@ mod failed_tests {
         )
     }
 
-    use super::ContainerType as C;
     #[test]
     fn to_minify() {
         minify_error(5, vec![], test_multi_sites, normalize)
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
index f0ae05f31..58c44bef6 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ use crate::{
     txn::EventHint,
 };
 use enum_as_inner::EnumAsInner;
-use loro_common::{ContainerID, ContainerType, LoroResult, LoroTreeError, LoroValue, TreeID, ID};
+use loro_common::{ContainerID, ContainerType, LoroResult, LoroTreeError, LoroValue, TreeID};
 use std::{
     borrow::Cow,
-    sync::{Arc, Mutex, MutexGuard, Weak},
+    sync::{Mutex, Weak},
 };
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
@@ -840,25 +840,20 @@ impl TreeHandler {
     }
 
     pub fn get_deep_value(&self) -> LoroValue {
-        let mut value = self.get_value();
-        let state = self.state.upgrade().unwrap();
-        let state = state.lock().unwrap();
-        let roots = Arc::make_mut(value.as_map_mut().unwrap())
-            .get_mut("roots")
-            .unwrap();
-        Self::get_meta_value(roots, &state);
-        value
-    }
-
-    fn get_meta_value(nodes: &mut LoroValue, state: &MutexGuard<DocState>) {
-        for node in Arc::make_mut(nodes.as_list_mut().unwrap()).iter_mut() {
-            let map = Arc::make_mut(node.as_map_mut().unwrap());
-            let meta = map.get_mut("meta").unwrap();
-            let id = meta.as_container().unwrap();
-            *meta = state.get_container_deep_value(state.arena.id_to_idx(id).unwrap());
-            let children = map.get_mut("children").unwrap();
-            Self::get_meta_value(children, state)
-        }
+        // let mut value = self.get_value();
+        // let state = self.state.upgrade().unwrap();
+        // let state = state.lock().unwrap();
+        // let roots = Arc::make_mut(value.as_map_mut().unwrap())
+        //     .get_mut("roots")
+        //     .unwrap();
+        // get_meta_value(roots, &state);
+        // value
+        self.state
+            .upgrade()
+            .unwrap()
+            .lock()
+            .unwrap()
+            .get_container_deep_value(self.container_idx)
     }
 
     pub fn nodes(&self) -> Vec<TreeID> {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
index cc63bfb3f..1f296a566 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ mod tree_state;
 pub(crate) use list_state::ListState;
 pub(crate) use map_state::MapState;
 pub(crate) use text_state::TextState;
-pub(crate) use tree_state::{Forest, TreeState};
+pub(crate) use tree_state::{get_meta_value, Forest, TreeState};
 
 use super::{
     arena::SharedArena,
@@ -524,21 +524,28 @@ impl DocState {
                 LoroValue::List(list)
             }
             LoroValue::Map(mut map) => {
-                if map.iter().all(|x| !x.1.is_container()) {
-                    return LoroValue::Map(map);
-                }
+                if container.get_type() == ContainerType::Tree {
+                    // get tree's meta
+                    for nodes in Arc::make_mut(&mut map).values_mut() {
+                        get_meta_value(nodes, self);
+                    }
+                    LoroValue::Map(map)
+                } else {
+                    if map.iter().all(|x| !x.1.is_container()) {
+                        return LoroValue::Map(map);
+                    }
 
-                let map_mut = Arc::make_mut(&mut map);
-                for (_key, value) in map_mut.iter_mut() {
-                    if value.is_container() {
-                        let container = value.as_container().unwrap();
-                        let container_idx = self.arena.register_container(container);
-                        let new_value = self.get_container_deep_value(container_idx);
-                        *value = new_value;
+                    let map_mut = Arc::make_mut(&mut map);
+                    for (_key, value) in map_mut.iter_mut() {
+                        if value.is_container() {
+                            let container = value.as_container().unwrap();
+                            let container_idx = self.arena.register_container(container);
+                            let new_value = self.get_container_deep_value(container_idx);
+                            *value = new_value;
+                        }
                     }
+                    LoroValue::Map(map)
                 }
-
-                LoroValue::Map(map)
             }
             _ => value,
         }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
index f836dc549..02e443092 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ use std::collections::{hash_map::Iter, VecDeque};
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use crate::delta::{TreeDelta, TreeDiff};
+use crate::DocState;
 use crate::{
     arena::SharedArena,
     container::tree::tree_op::TreeOp,
@@ -252,7 +253,7 @@ impl ContainerState for TreeState {
 
     fn get_value(&self) -> LoroValue {
         let forest = Forest::from_tree_state(&self.trees);
-        forest.to_value(false)
+        forest.to_value()
     }
 
     /// Get the index of the child container
@@ -287,6 +288,83 @@ pub struct TreeNode {
 }
 
 impl Forest {
+    pub(crate) fn from_tree_state_and_meta(
+        state: FxHashMap<TreeID, (Option<TreeID>, LoroValue)>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let mut forest = Self::default();
+        let mut node_to_children = FxHashMap::default();
+        let mut node_to_meta = FxHashMap::default();
+        let mut node_to_parent = FxHashMap::default();
+
+        for (id, (parent, meta)) in state
+            .into_iter()
+            // .filter(|(_, &parent)| parent != DELETED_TREE_ROOT)
+            .sorted_by_key(|(k, _)| *k)
+        {
+            node_to_meta.insert(id, meta);
+            node_to_parent.insert(id, parent);
+            if let Some(parent) = parent {
+                node_to_children
+                    .entry(parent)
+                    .or_insert_with(Vec::new)
+                    .push(id)
+            }
+        }
+
+        for root in node_to_parent
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|(_, parent)| parent.is_none()) // && id != DELETED_TREE_ROOT.unwrap())
+            .map(|(id, _)| *id)
+            .sorted()
+        {
+            let mut stack = vec![(
+                root,
+                TreeNode {
+                    id: root,
+                    parent: None,
+                    meta: node_to_meta.remove(&root).unwrap().clone(),
+                    children: vec![],
+                },
+            )];
+            let mut id_to_node = FxHashMap::default();
+            while let Some((id, mut node)) = stack.pop() {
+                if let Some(children) = node_to_children.get(&id) {
+                    let mut children_to_stack = Vec::new();
+                    for child in children {
+                        if let Some(child_node) = id_to_node.remove(child) {
+                            node.children.push(child_node);
+                        } else {
+                            children_to_stack.push((
+                                *child,
+                                TreeNode {
+                                    id: *child,
+                                    parent: Some(id),
+                                    meta: node_to_meta.remove(child).unwrap().clone(),
+                                    children: vec![],
+                                },
+                            ));
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if !children_to_stack.is_empty() {
+                        stack.push((id, node));
+                        stack.extend(children_to_stack);
+                    } else {
+                        id_to_node.insert(id, node);
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    id_to_node.insert(id, node);
+                }
+            }
+            let root_node = id_to_node.remove(&root).unwrap();
+            if root_node.id == DELETED_TREE_ROOT.unwrap() {
+                forest.deleted = root_node.children;
+            } else {
+                forest.roots.push(root_node);
+            }
+        }
+        forest
+    }
+
     pub(crate) fn from_tree_state(state: &FxHashMap<TreeID, Option<TreeID>>) -> Self {
         let mut forest = Self::default();
         let mut node_to_children = FxHashMap::default();
@@ -364,24 +442,23 @@ impl Forest {
         forest
     }
 
-    fn to_state(&self) -> FxHashMap<TreeID, Option<TreeID>> {
+    fn to_state(&self) -> FxHashMap<TreeID, (Option<TreeID>, LoroValue)> {
         let mut ans = FxHashMap::default();
         for root in self.roots.iter() {
             let mut stack = vec![root];
             while let Some(node) = stack.pop() {
-                ans.insert(node.id, node.parent);
+                ans.insert(node.id, (node.parent, node.meta.clone()));
                 stack.extend(node.children.iter())
             }
         }
-        ans.insert(DELETED_TREE_ROOT.unwrap(), None);
+        ans.insert(DELETED_TREE_ROOT.unwrap(), (None, LoroValue::Null));
         for root in self.deleted.iter() {
             let mut stack = vec![root];
             while let Some(node) = stack.pop() {
-                ans.insert(node.id, node.parent);
+                ans.insert(node.id, (node.parent, node.meta.clone()));
                 stack.extend(node.children.iter())
             }
         }
-
         ans
     }
 
@@ -391,38 +468,41 @@ impl Forest {
         for item in diff {
             for diff in item.as_tree().unwrap().diff.iter() {
                 let target = diff.target;
+                let meta = if let Some((_, meta)) = state.remove(&target) {
+                    meta
+                } else {
+                    ContainerType::Map.default_value()
+                };
                 match diff.action {
                     TreeDiffItem::CreateOrRestore => {
-                        state.insert(target, None);
+                        state.insert(target, (None, meta));
                     }
                     TreeDiffItem::Move(parent) => {
-                        state.insert(target, Some(parent));
+                        state.insert(target, (Some(parent), meta));
                     }
                     TreeDiffItem::Delete => {
-                        state.insert(target, DELETED_TREE_ROOT);
+                        state.insert(target, (DELETED_TREE_ROOT, meta));
                     }
                 }
             }
         }
-        Self::from_tree_state(&state)
+        Self::from_tree_state_and_meta(state)
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn to_value(&self, with_deleted: bool) -> LoroValue {
+    pub(crate) fn to_value(&self) -> LoroValue {
         let mut ans = FxHashMap::default();
         ans.insert(
             "roots".to_string(),
             self.roots.iter().map(|r| r.to_value()).collect_vec().into(),
         );
-        if with_deleted {
-            ans.insert(
-                "deleted".to_string(),
-                self.deleted
-                    .iter()
-                    .map(|r| r.to_value())
-                    .collect_vec()
-                    .into(),
-            );
-        }
+        ans.insert(
+            "deleted".to_string(),
+            self.deleted
+                .iter()
+                .map(|r| r.to_value())
+                .collect_vec()
+                .into(),
+        );
         ans.into()
     }
 
@@ -496,6 +576,7 @@ impl TreeNode {
             ans.insert("parent".to_string(), LoroValue::Null);
         }
         ans.insert("meta".to_string(), self.meta.clone());
+
         ans.insert(
             "children".to_string(),
             self.children
@@ -508,6 +589,17 @@ impl TreeNode {
     }
 }
 
+pub(crate) fn get_meta_value(nodes: &mut LoroValue, state: &DocState) {
+    for node in Arc::make_mut(nodes.as_list_mut().unwrap()).iter_mut() {
+        let map = Arc::make_mut(node.as_map_mut().unwrap());
+        let meta = map.get_mut("meta").unwrap();
+        let id = meta.as_container().unwrap();
+        *meta = state.get_container_deep_value(state.arena.id_to_idx(id).unwrap());
+        let children = map.get_mut("children").unwrap();
+        get_meta_value(children, state)
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
index 56e9227af..4c095531c 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ use crate::{
 use debug_log::debug_dbg;
 use fxhash::FxHashMap;
 pub use loro_common::LoroValue;
+use loro_common::{ContainerType, TreeID};
 
 pub trait ToJson {
     fn to_json(&self) -> String;
@@ -149,7 +150,7 @@ impl ApplyDiff for LoroValue {
                     // TODO: perf
                     let forest = Forest::from_value(map.as_ref().clone().into()).unwrap();
                     let diff_forest = forest.apply_diffs(diff);
-                    *map = diff_forest.to_value(false).into_map().unwrap()
+                    *map = diff_forest.to_value().into_map().unwrap()
                 }
             }
             _ => unreachable!(),
@@ -181,7 +182,6 @@ impl ApplyDiff for LoroValue {
                     Index::Node(_) => hints.push(TypeHint::Tree),
                 }
             }
-
             hints.push(hint);
             let mut value: &mut LoroValue = self;
             for (item, hint) in path.iter().zip(hints.iter()) {
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ impl ApplyDiff for LoroValue {
                             TypeHint::Tree => {
                                 let mut map: FxHashMap<String, LoroValue> = FxHashMap::default();
                                 map.insert("roots".to_string(), LoroValue::List(vec![].into()));
-                                // map.insert("deleted".to_string(), LoroValue::List(vec![].into()));
+                                map.insert("deleted".to_string(), LoroValue::List(vec![].into()));
                                 map.into()
                             }
                         })
@@ -206,33 +206,7 @@ impl ApplyDiff for LoroValue {
                         let list = Arc::make_mut(l);
                         value = list.get_mut(*index).unwrap();
                     }
-                    Index::Node(tree_id) => {
-                        let tree = value.as_map_mut().unwrap();
-                        // find the meta of `tree_id`
-                        let roots = Arc::make_mut(tree)
-                            .get_mut("roots")
-                            .unwrap()
-                            .as_list_mut()
-                            .unwrap();
-                        let roots = Arc::make_mut(roots);
-                        let mut s = vec![];
-                        s.extend(roots);
-                        let mut map_value = None;
-                        while let Some(root) = s.pop() {
-                            let root = Arc::make_mut(root.as_map_mut().unwrap());
-                            let this_node = root.get("id").unwrap().as_string().unwrap().as_ref()
-                                == &tree_id.to_string();
-                            if this_node {
-                                map_value = Some(root.get_mut("meta").unwrap());
-                                break;
-                            } else {
-                                let children =
-                                    root.get_mut("children").unwrap().as_list_mut().unwrap();
-                                s.extend(Arc::make_mut(children));
-                            }
-                        }
-                        value = map_value.unwrap();
-                    }
+                    Index::Node(tree_id) => value = get_meta_from_tree_value(value, *tree_id),
                 }
             }
             value
@@ -241,6 +215,35 @@ impl ApplyDiff for LoroValue {
     }
 }
 
+fn get_meta_from_tree_value(value: &mut LoroValue, target: TreeID) -> &mut LoroValue {
+    // find the meta of `tree_id`
+    let tree = Arc::make_mut(value.as_map_mut().unwrap());
+    let mut map_value = None;
+    'out: for (_, nodes) in tree.iter_mut() {
+        let mut s = vec![];
+        let roots = nodes.as_list_mut().unwrap();
+        let roots = Arc::make_mut(roots);
+        s.extend(roots);
+        while let Some(root) = s.pop() {
+            let root = Arc::make_mut(root.as_map_mut().unwrap());
+            let this_node =
+                root.get("id").unwrap().as_string().unwrap().as_ref() == &target.to_string();
+            if this_node {
+                let meta = root.get_mut("meta").unwrap();
+                if meta.is_container() {
+                    *meta = ContainerType::Map.default_value();
+                }
+                map_value = Some(meta);
+                break 'out;
+            } else {
+                let children = root.get_mut("children").unwrap().as_list_mut().unwrap();
+                s.extend(Arc::make_mut(children));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    map_value.unwrap()
+}
+
 fn unresolved_to_collection(v: &LoroValue) -> LoroValue {
     if let Some(container) = v.as_container() {
         container.container_type().default_value()

From e7bcc4add07916ab65dd31b236e3087521b2699a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 16:11:19 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 074/111] fix: more then one op in a change

---
 crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs      |  7 ++++++-
 crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs |  1 +
 crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs        | 24 +---------------------
 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
index a468f789b..e0ea3c3b8 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
@@ -480,7 +480,12 @@ impl TreeDiffCalculator {
     fn get_max_lamport_by_frontiers(&self, frontiers: &Frontiers, oplog: &OpLog) -> Lamport {
         frontiers
             .iter()
-            .map(|id| oplog.get_change_at(*id).map(|c| c.lamport).unwrap())
+            .map(|id| {
+                oplog
+                    .get_change_at(*id)
+                    .map(|c| c.lamport + c.ops().len() as u32 - 1)
+                    .unwrap()
+            })
             .max()
             .unwrap_or(Lamport::MAX)
     }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs
index 9685e6ccd..2cbc61d9a 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs
@@ -126,6 +126,7 @@ impl TreeDiffCache {
         //     self.current_version, self.all_version
         // );
         // println!("cache {:?}", self.cache);
+        // println!("pending {:?}", self.pending);
         // println!(
         //     "to_max_lamport {} lca_min_lamport {}",
         //     to_max_lamport, lca_min_lamport
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
index 58c44bef6..2dabd600d 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
@@ -901,9 +901,6 @@ impl TreeHandler {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test {
-
-    use std::sync::atomic::AtomicU8;
-
     use crate::{loro::LoroDoc, ToJson};
 
     #[test]
@@ -970,26 +967,6 @@ mod test {
         loro2.import(&bytes).unwrap();
     }
 
-    #[test]
-    fn decode() {
-        let bytes = vec![
-            108, 111, 114, 111, 0, 2, 69, 78, 187, 74, 67, 81, 16, 156, 217, 217, 115, 77, 8, 226,
-            227, 63, 68, 124, 196, 198, 86, 252, 13, 81, 239, 41, 132, 232, 13, 114, 11, 203, 164,
-            78, 41, 42, 246, 126, 128, 218, 9, 118, 66, 132, 84, 90, 90, 137, 22, 54, 22, 130, 96,
-            27, 93, 11, 227, 178, 47, 134, 153, 97, 54, 253, 251, 175, 120, 245, 252, 121, 58, 58,
-            190, 120, 90, 56, 27, 191, 63, 222, 188, 61, 12, 139, 222, 101, 255, 228, 174, 215, 31,
-            108, 8, 126, 88, 85, 181, 254, 57, 32, 39, 52, 112, 157, 19, 42, 36, 17, 70, 9, 140,
-            142, 75, 35, 105, 113, 236, 23, 48, 77, 209, 141, 201, 100, 86, 8, 64, 27, 106, 228,
-            163, 238, 246, 65, 153, 203, 84, 239, 213, 157, 220, 220, 173, 246, 187, 157, 92, 231,
-            210, 73, 215, 210, 242, 10, 225, 90, 109, 175, 9, 227, 8, 58, 19, 246, 240, 80, 98, 75,
-            41, 33, 133, 229, 44, 210, 232, 122, 112, 254, 178, 115, 251, 241, 58, 61, 188, 255,
-            90, 76, 240, 208, 38, 132, 144, 6, 165, 86, 124, 5, 99, 140, 104, 97, 46, 64, 21, 50,
-            185, 48, 31, 102, 205, 128, 224, 17, 177, 65, 185, 57, 34, 107, 172, 2, 63,
-        ];
-        let loro = LoroDoc::new();
-        loro.import(&bytes).unwrap();
-    }
-
     #[test]
     fn tree_meta_event() {
         use std::sync::Arc;
@@ -998,6 +975,7 @@ mod test {
         // loro.subscribe_deep(Arc::new(|e| println!("{} {:?} ", e.doc.local, e.doc.diff)));
         loro.with_txn(|txn| {
             let id = tree.create(txn)?;
+            let id2 = tree.create(txn)?;
             tree.insert_meta(txn, id, "a", 1.into())?;
             tree.insert_meta(txn, id, "b", 2.into())?;
             Ok(id)

From b8c690b2613188b397351269b0d168dd57d8e199 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 16:11:19 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 075/111] fix: tree fuzz deleted equal

---
 crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs |  2 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs  | 79 +++++++-------------------
 2 files changed, 21 insertions(+), 60 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs
index 66c36da79..0346aea57 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use loro_common::{TreeID, DELETED_TREE_ROOT};
+use loro_common::TreeID;
 use serde::Serialize;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, Serialize)]
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs
index aa6d8ffc5..9264a226a 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs
@@ -893,8 +893,8 @@ fn assert_value_eq(a: &LoroValue, b: &LoroValue) {
                         m.is_empty() || {
                             m.get("roots")
                                 .is_some_and(|x| x.as_list().is_some_and(|l| l.is_empty()))
-                                && m.get("deleted")
-                                    .is_some_and(|x| x.as_list().is_some_and(|l| l.is_empty()))
+                            // && m.get("deleted")
+                            //     .is_some_and(|x| x.as_list().is_some_and(|l| l.is_empty()))
                         }
                     }
                     _ => false,
@@ -913,8 +913,8 @@ fn assert_value_eq(a: &LoroValue, b: &LoroValue) {
                         m.is_empty() || {
                             m.get("roots")
                                 .is_some_and(|x| x.as_list().is_some_and(|l| l.is_empty()))
-                                && m.get("deleted")
-                                    .is_some_and(|x| x.as_list().is_some_and(|l| l.is_empty()))
+                            // && m.get("deleted")
+                            //     .is_some_and(|x| x.as_list().is_some_and(|l| l.is_empty()))
                         }
                     }
                     _ => false,
@@ -1007,7 +1007,21 @@ fn check_history(actor: &mut Actor) {
         // println!("before state {:?}", actor.loro.get_deep_value());
         actor.loro.checkout(&f).unwrap();
         let actual = actor.loro.get_deep_value();
-        assert_eq!(v, &actual, "Version mismatched at {:?}, cnt={}", f, c);
+        for key in ["tree", "map", "list", "text"] {
+            let hv = v.as_map().unwrap().get(key).unwrap();
+            let av = actual.as_map().unwrap().get(key).unwrap();
+            if key == "tree" {
+                assert_eq!(
+                    hv.as_map().unwrap().get("roots"),
+                    av.as_map().unwrap().get("roots"),
+                    "Version mismatched at {:?}, cnt={}",
+                    f,
+                    c
+                )
+            } else {
+                assert_eq!(hv, av, "Version mismatched at {:?}, cnt={}", f, c);
+            }
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -1094,6 +1108,7 @@ mod failed_tests {
             ],
         )
     }
+
     #[test]
     fn tree4() {
         test_multi_sites(
@@ -1374,51 +1389,6 @@ mod failed_tests {
                     target: (1953184550209191936, 185273115),
                     parent: (795741901218843403, 185273099),
                 },
-                // Tree {
-                //     site: 11,
-                //     container_idx: 11,
-                //     action: TreeAction::Create,
-                //     target: (14144764421972691723, 992688955),
-                //     parent: (18445852115382254395, 1002126139),
-                // },
-                // Tree {
-                //     site: 0,
-                //     container_idx: 187,
-                //     action: TreeAction::Create,
-                //     target: (18446744073709503556, 1140909311),
-                //     parent: (13527612333614191428, -1287341125),
-                // },
-                // SyncAll,
-                // Tree {
-                //     site: 59,
-                //     container_idx: 59,
-                //     action: TreeAction::Delete,
-                //     target: (5476724297197944828, 1280068684),
-                //     parent: (4268220903840304204, 993737515),
-                // },
-                // SyncAll,
-                // Tree {
-                //     site: 187,
-                //     container_idx: 59,
-                //     action: TreeAction::Create,
-                //     target: (16821201796172069632, 1136376803),
-                //     parent: (18446601495078196051, 1044266751),
-                // },
-                // Tree {
-                //     site: 11,
-                //     container_idx: 11,
-                //     action: TreeAction::Create,
-                //     target: (4919148309987081790, -12303182),
-                //     parent: (17871127746369812479, -1),
-                // },
-                // SyncAll,
-                // Tree {
-                //     site: 83,
-                //     container_idx: 68,
-                //     action: TreeAction::Delete,
-                //     target: (4923917304342494139, -48060),
-                //     parent: (48946959133704191, 9984),
-                // },
             ],
         )
     }
@@ -1496,8 +1466,6 @@ mod failed_tests {
                     target: (34359738623, 1029),
                     parent: (64738145635133189, 1751653634),
                 },
-                // Sync { from: 104, to: 104 },
-                // Sync { from: 67, to: 104 },
                 SyncAll,
                 Tree {
                     site: 255,
@@ -1506,9 +1474,6 @@ mod failed_tests {
                     target: (0, -1583284224),
                     parent: (369057, -1583284224),
                 },
-                // Sync { from: 0, to: 0 },
-                // Sync { from: 121, to: 121 },
-                // Sync { from: 0, to: 0 },
                 SyncAll,
                 Tree {
                     site: 0,
@@ -1546,8 +1511,6 @@ mod failed_tests {
                     target: (6801176102849887806, -10552482),
                     parent: (11646590111356878847, 4104609),
                 },
-                // Sync { from: 0, to: 121 },
-                // Sync { from: 0, to: 112 },
                 SyncAll,
                 Tree {
                     site: 0,
@@ -1564,8 +1527,6 @@ mod failed_tests {
                     target: (9042384321031283105, 2105376125),
                     parent: (201358717, 1040187392),
                 },
-                // Sync { from: 161, to: 161 },
-                // Sync { from: 251, to: 255 },
                 SyncAll,
                 Tree {
                     site: 0,

From 177c05db78d0f278e1dbf5aaba951a95700ed031 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 16:11:19 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 076/111] fix: tree calc min lamport

---
 crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs | 5 ++---
 crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs  | 7 +++++--
 crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs    | 5 +++--
 3 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs
index 0346aea57..7a11ca879 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ pub struct TreeDiff {
     pub action: TreeDiffItem,
 }
 
-// TODO: tree
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
 pub enum TreeDiffItem {
     CreateOrRestore,
@@ -23,11 +22,11 @@ pub enum TreeDiffItem {
 impl From<(TreeID, Option<TreeID>)> for TreeDiff {
     fn from(value: (TreeID, Option<TreeID>)) -> Self {
         let (target, parent) = value;
-        let action = if parent.is_some() {
+        let action = if let Some(p) = parent {
             if TreeID::is_deleted(parent) {
                 TreeDiffItem::Delete
             } else {
-                TreeDiffItem::Move(parent.unwrap())
+                TreeDiffItem::Move(p)
             }
         } else {
             TreeDiffItem::CreateOrRestore
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
index e0ea3c3b8..2a8e797e5 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
@@ -483,7 +483,11 @@ impl TreeDiffCalculator {
             .map(|id| {
                 oplog
                     .get_change_at(*id)
-                    .map(|c| c.lamport + c.ops().len() as u32 - 1)
+                    .map(|c| {
+                        let change_counter = c.id.counter as u32;
+                        c.lamport + c.ops().last().map(|op| op.counter).unwrap_or(0) as u32
+                            - change_counter
+                    })
                     .unwrap()
             })
             .max()
@@ -491,7 +495,6 @@ impl TreeDiffCalculator {
     }
 }
 
-// TODO: tree
 impl DiffCalculatorTrait for TreeDiffCalculator {
     fn start_tracking(&mut self, _oplog: &OpLog, _vv: &crate::VersionVector) {}
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
index 2dabd600d..6181c95eb 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
@@ -972,11 +972,12 @@ mod test {
         use std::sync::Arc;
         let loro = LoroDoc::new();
         let tree = loro.get_tree("root");
-        // loro.subscribe_deep(Arc::new(|e| println!("{} {:?} ", e.doc.local, e.doc.diff)));
+        let text = loro.get_text("text");
         loro.with_txn(|txn| {
             let id = tree.create(txn)?;
-            let id2 = tree.create(txn)?;
             tree.insert_meta(txn, id, "a", 1.into())?;
+            text.insert(txn, 0, "abc")?;
+            let _id2 = tree.create(txn)?;
             tree.insert_meta(txn, id, "b", 2.into())?;
             Ok(id)
         })

From 9799dea4b14c0eae19f87651a7c38b1ca41d467c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Oct 2023 16:11:19 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 077/111] feat: tree encoding v2

---
 crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs         |  1 -
 crates/loro-internal/src/encoding.rs          |  1 +
 .../src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs           | 79 ++++++++++++++++---
 crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs             |  1 -
 4 files changed, 67 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
index 2a8e797e5..d8c9f6aef 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
@@ -519,7 +519,6 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for TreeDiffCalculator {
 
     fn stop_tracking(&mut self, _oplog: &OpLog, _vv: &crate::VersionVector) {}
 
-    // TODO: tree
     fn calculate_diff(
         &mut self,
         oplog: &OpLog,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding.rs
index 13b0b7002..11786ad31 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding.rs
@@ -97,6 +97,7 @@ pub(crate) fn encode_oplog(oplog: &OpLog, vv: &VersionVector, mode: EncodeMode)
         }
         mode => mode,
     };
+
     let encoded = match &mode {
         EncodeMode::Updates => encode_oplog_updates(oplog, vv),
         EncodeMode::RleUpdates => encode_oplog_changes(oplog, vv),
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs
index 760151426..15d143d87 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use fxhash::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
-use loro_common::{HasCounterSpan, HasLamportSpan};
+use loro_common::{HasCounterSpan, HasLamportSpan, TreeID, DELETED_TREE_ROOT};
 use rle::{HasLength, RleVec};
 use serde_columnar::{columnar, iter_from_bytes, to_vec};
 use std::{borrow::Cow, cmp::Ordering, ops::Deref, sync::Arc};
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ use crate::{
         idx::ContainerIdx,
         list::list_op::{DeleteSpan, ListOp},
         map::MapSet,
+        tree::tree_op::TreeOp,
         ContainerID, ContainerType,
     },
     id::{Counter, PeerID, ID},
@@ -67,18 +68,19 @@ struct ChangeEncoding {
 struct OpEncoding {
     #[columnar(strategy = "DeltaRle")]
     container: usize,
-    /// key index or insert/delete pos
+    /// key index or insert/delete pos or target tree id index
     #[columnar(strategy = "DeltaRle")]
     prop: usize,
+    /// is deleted or is none of parent tree id
     #[columnar(strategy = "BoolRle")]
     is_del: bool,
-    // the length of the deletion or insertion
+    // the length of the deletion or insertion or target tree id index
     #[columnar(strategy = "Rle")]
     insert_del_len: isize,
 }
 
 #[columnar(vec, ser, de, iterable)]
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub(super) struct DepsEncoding {
     #[columnar(strategy = "DeltaRle")]
     pub(super) client_idx: PeerIdx,
@@ -86,6 +88,8 @@ pub(super) struct DepsEncoding {
     pub(super) counter: Counter,
 }
 
+type TreeIDEncoding = DepsEncoding;
+
 impl DepsEncoding {
     pub(super) fn new(client_idx: PeerIdx, counter: Counter) -> Self {
         Self {
@@ -113,6 +117,8 @@ struct DocEncoding<'a> {
     values: Vec<Option<LoroValue>>,
     clients: Vec<PeerID>,
     keys: Vec<InternalString>,
+    // the index 0 is DELETE_ROOT
+    tree_ids: Vec<TreeIDEncoding>,
 }
 
 pub fn encode_oplog_v2(oplog: &OpLog, vv: &VersionVector) -> Vec<u8> {
@@ -159,6 +165,9 @@ pub fn encode_oplog_v2(oplog: &OpLog, vv: &VersionVector) -> Vec<u8> {
     let mut key_to_idx = FxHashMap::default();
     let mut deps = Vec::with_capacity(change_num);
     let mut values = Vec::new();
+    // the index 0 is DELETE_ROOT
+    let mut tree_ids = Vec::new();
+    let mut tree_id_to_idx = FxHashMap::default();
     let mut string: String = String::new();
 
     for change in &diff_changes {
@@ -184,9 +193,38 @@ pub fn encode_oplog_v2(oplog: &OpLog, vv: &VersionVector) -> Vec<u8> {
             let op = oplog.local_op_to_remote(op);
             for content in op.contents.into_iter() {
                 let (prop, is_del, insert_del_len) = match content {
-                    crate::op::RawOpContent::Tree(_) => {
-                        // TODO: tree
-                        todo!()
+                    crate::op::RawOpContent::Tree(TreeOp { target, parent }) => {
+                        let target_peer_idx = *peer_id_to_idx.get(&target.peer).unwrap();
+                        let target_encoding = TreeIDEncoding {
+                            client_idx: target_peer_idx,
+                            counter: target.counter,
+                        };
+                        let target_idx =
+                            *tree_id_to_idx.entry(target_encoding).or_insert_with(|| {
+                                tree_ids.push(target_encoding);
+                                // the index 0 is DELETE_ROOT
+                                tree_ids.len()
+                            });
+                        let (is_none, parent_idx) = if let Some(parent) = parent {
+                            if TreeID::is_deleted(Some(parent)) {
+                                (false, 0)
+                            } else {
+                                let parent_peer_idx = *peer_id_to_idx.get(&parent.peer).unwrap();
+                                let parent_encoding = TreeIDEncoding {
+                                    client_idx: parent_peer_idx,
+                                    counter: parent.counter,
+                                };
+                                let parent_idx =
+                                    *tree_id_to_idx.entry(parent_encoding).or_insert_with(|| {
+                                        tree_ids.push(parent_encoding);
+                                        tree_ids.len()
+                                    });
+                                (false, parent_idx)
+                            }
+                        } else {
+                            (true, 0)
+                        };
+                        (target_idx, is_none, parent_idx as isize)
                     }
                     crate::op::RawOpContent::Map(MapSet { key, value }) => {
                         values.push(value.clone());
@@ -253,6 +291,7 @@ pub fn encode_oplog_v2(oplog: &OpLog, vv: &VersionVector) -> Vec<u8> {
         root_containers: VarZeroVec::from(&root_containers),
         normal_containers,
         values,
+        tree_ids,
     };
 
     to_vec(&encoded).unwrap()
@@ -354,6 +393,7 @@ pub fn decode_oplog_v2(oplog: &mut OpLog, input: &[u8]) -> Result<(), LoroError>
         keys,
         root_containers,
         values,
+        tree_ids,
     } = encoded;
 
     let start_vv: VersionVector = peers
@@ -430,8 +470,24 @@ pub fn decode_oplog_v2(oplog: &mut OpLog, input: &[u8]) -> Result<(), LoroError>
                 let container_type = container_id.container_type();
                 let content = match container_type {
                     ContainerType::Tree => {
-                        // TODO: tree
-                        todo!()
+                        let target_encoding = tree_ids[prop - 1];
+                        let target = TreeID {
+                            peer: peers[target_encoding.client_idx as usize],
+                            counter: target_encoding.counter,
+                        };
+                        let parent = if is_del {
+                            None
+                        } else if insert_del_len == 0 {
+                            DELETED_TREE_ROOT
+                        } else {
+                            let parent_encoding = tree_ids[insert_del_len as usize - 1];
+                            let parent = TreeID {
+                                peer: peers[parent_encoding.client_idx as usize],
+                                counter: parent_encoding.counter,
+                            };
+                            Some(parent)
+                        };
+                        RawOpContent::Tree(TreeOp { target, parent })
                     }
                     ContainerType::Map => {
                         let key = keys[prop].clone();
@@ -449,10 +505,7 @@ pub fn decode_oplog_v2(oplog: &mut OpLog, input: &[u8]) -> Result<(), LoroError>
                             }))
                         } else {
                             match container_type {
-                                ContainerType::Tree => {
-                                    // TODO: tree
-                                    todo!()
-                                }
+                                ContainerType::Tree => unreachable!(),
                                 ContainerType::Text => {
                                     let insert_len = insert_del_len as usize;
                                     let s = &str[str_index..str_index + insert_len];
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
index 1f296a566..aada5e954 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
@@ -491,7 +491,6 @@ impl DocState {
                     "value".into() => LoroValue::Map(map)
                 )))
             }
-            // TODO: tree
             _ => LoroValue::Map(Arc::new(fx_map!(
                 "cid".into() => cid_str,
                 "value".into() => value

From ed6d240a2b0862cd491efa5f8fce6a5766522826 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 12 Oct 2023 15:19:27 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 078/111] doc: movable tree

---
 crates/loro-common/src/error.rs               |   2 -
 crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs                 |  18 +-
 crates/loro-internal/Cargo.toml               |   2 -
 .../src/container/tree/tree_op.rs             |   7 +
 crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs        |   7 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/design.excalidraw    | 197 +++++++++++++-----
 crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs         |  36 ++--
 crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs    |  68 +++---
 .../src/encoding/encode_changes.rs            | 107 ++++++----
 .../src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs           |   6 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs         |   7 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/op/content.rs        |   4 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs             |  15 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs   |   4 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs  |  67 +++---
 15 files changed, 342 insertions(+), 205 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-common/src/error.rs b/crates/loro-common/src/error.rs
index 2a3c2b743..9d9e58488 100644
--- a/crates/loro-common/src/error.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-common/src/error.rs
@@ -34,8 +34,6 @@ pub enum LoroError {
     UsedOpID { id: ID },
     #[error("Movable Tree Error")]
     TreeError(#[from] LoroTreeError),
-    #[error("Deserialize json string error")]
-    DeserializeJsonStringError,
     // #[error("the data for key `{0}` is not available")]
     // Redaction(String),
     // #[error("invalid header (expected {expected:?}, found {found:?})")]
diff --git a/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs b/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
index 93b8ecf4e..98f485947 100644
--- a/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
@@ -250,11 +250,23 @@ mod container {
     }
 }
 
+/// In movable tree, we use a specific [`TreeID`] to represent the root of **ALL** deleted tree node.
+///
+/// Deletion operation is equivalent to move target tree node to [`DELETED_TREE_ROOT`].
 pub const DELETED_TREE_ROOT: Option<TreeID> = Some(TreeID {
     peer: PeerID::MAX,
     counter: Counter::MAX,
 });
 
+/// Each node of movable tree has a unique [`TreeID`] generated by Loro.
+///
+/// To further represent the metadata (a MapContainer) associated with each node,
+/// we also use [`TreeID`] as [`ID`] portion of [`ContainerID`].
+/// This not only allows for convenient association of metadata with each node,
+/// but also ensures the uniqueness of the MapContainer.
+///
+/// Special ID:
+/// - [`DELETED_TREE_ROOT`]: the root of all deleted nodes. To get it by [`TreeID::delete_root()`]
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Hash, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct TreeID {
     pub peer: PeerID,
@@ -262,11 +274,13 @@ pub struct TreeID {
 }
 
 impl TreeID {
-    pub fn delete_root() -> Option<Self> {
+    /// return [`DELETED_TREE_ROOT`]
+    pub const fn delete_root() -> Option<Self> {
         DELETED_TREE_ROOT
     }
 
-    pub fn is_deleted(target: Option<TreeID>) -> bool {
+    /// return `true` if the `TreeID` is deleted root
+    pub fn is_deleted_root(target: Option<TreeID>) -> bool {
         target == DELETED_TREE_ROOT
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/Cargo.toml b/crates/loro-internal/Cargo.toml
index cf1fe028d..4fa99e99c 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/Cargo.toml
@@ -60,8 +60,6 @@ doctest = false
 bench = false
 
 [features]
-# movable tree need json
-default = ["json"]
 compress = ["serde_columnar/compress"]
 # "wasm" will use utf-16 index by default when using text related stuff; But it'll use utf-8 encoding internally.
 wasm = ["wasm-bindgen", "js-sys", "serde-wasm-bindgen", "loro-common/wasm"]
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/tree/tree_op.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/tree/tree_op.rs
index cc7ca5969..8fcaad7b4 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/tree/tree_op.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/tree/tree_op.rs
@@ -2,6 +2,13 @@ use loro_common::TreeID;
 use rle::{HasLength, Mergable, Sliceable};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
+/// The operation of movable tree.
+///
+/// In the movable tree, there are three actions:
+/// - **Create**: target tree id will be generated by [`Transaction`], and parent tree id is `None`.
+/// - **Move**: move target tree node a child node of the specified parent node.
+/// - **Delete**: move target tree node to [`loro_common::DELETED_TREE_ROOT`].
+///
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
 pub struct TreeOp {
     pub(crate) target: TreeID,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs
index 7a11ca879..1dbdd8b12 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs
@@ -1,17 +1,20 @@
 use loro_common::TreeID;
 use serde::Serialize;
 
+/// Representation of differences in movable tree. It's an ordered list of [`TreeDiff`].
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, Serialize)]
 pub struct TreeDelta {
     pub(crate) diff: Vec<TreeDiff>,
 }
 
+/// The semantic action in movable tree.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
 pub struct TreeDiff {
     pub target: TreeID,
     pub action: TreeDiffItem,
 }
 
+/// The action of [`TreeDiff`]. It's the same as  [`crate::container::tree::tree_op::TreeOp`], but semantic.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
 pub enum TreeDiffItem {
     CreateOrRestore,
@@ -23,7 +26,7 @@ impl From<(TreeID, Option<TreeID>)> for TreeDiff {
     fn from(value: (TreeID, Option<TreeID>)) -> Self {
         let (target, parent) = value;
         let action = if let Some(p) = parent {
-            if TreeID::is_deleted(parent) {
+            if TreeID::is_deleted_root(parent) {
                 TreeDiffItem::Delete
             } else {
                 TreeDiffItem::Move(p)
@@ -37,7 +40,7 @@ impl From<(TreeID, Option<TreeID>)> for TreeDiff {
 
 impl TreeDelta {
     // TODO:
-    pub(crate) fn compose(&self, x: TreeDelta) -> TreeDelta {
+    pub(crate) fn compose(&self, _x: TreeDelta) -> TreeDelta {
         todo!();
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/design.excalidraw b/crates/loro-internal/src/design.excalidraw
index 34058bdd2..0a5ad1540 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/design.excalidraw
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/design.excalidraw
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
       "height": 103,
       "seed": 304842928,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": {
         "type": 3
       },
@@ -64,6 +65,7 @@
       "height": 25,
       "seed": 1326903984,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": null,
       "boundElements": [],
       "updated": 1695178133256,
@@ -77,7 +79,7 @@
       "containerId": "f88_iqu-vT9OQZG7N_C6z",
       "originalText": "AppState",
       "lineHeight": 1.25,
-      "baseline": 18
+      "baseline": 20
     },
     {
       "type": "rectangle",
@@ -99,6 +101,7 @@
       "height": 106,
       "seed": 189189712,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": {
         "type": 3
       },
@@ -136,6 +139,7 @@
       "height": 25,
       "seed": 1006142544,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": null,
       "boundElements": [],
       "updated": 1695178133256,
@@ -149,7 +153,7 @@
       "containerId": "bptE-w9DNCi1V3_q38ABX",
       "originalText": "OpLog",
       "lineHeight": 1.25,
-      "baseline": 18
+      "baseline": 20
     },
     {
       "type": "rectangle",
@@ -171,6 +175,7 @@
       "height": 99,
       "seed": 2021316784,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": {
         "type": 3
       },
@@ -216,6 +221,7 @@
       "height": 25,
       "seed": 1325154992,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": null,
       "boundElements": [],
       "updated": 1695178133256,
@@ -229,7 +235,7 @@
       "containerId": "No5vzMwWHj8EDTxsCwyLq",
       "originalText": "DiffCalculator",
       "lineHeight": 1.25,
-      "baseline": 18
+      "baseline": 20
     },
     {
       "type": "arrow",
@@ -251,6 +257,7 @@
       "height": 3.571716004895052,
       "seed": 1707109552,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": {
         "type": 2
       },
@@ -302,6 +309,7 @@
       "height": 80,
       "seed": 644830896,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": {
         "type": 3
       },
@@ -343,6 +351,7 @@
       "height": 25,
       "seed": 95486128,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": null,
       "boundElements": [],
       "updated": 1695178133256,
@@ -356,7 +365,7 @@
       "containerId": "ohLe-D_Op-CcOzEZ2ILED",
       "originalText": "Diff",
       "lineHeight": 1.25,
-      "baseline": 18
+      "baseline": 20
     },
     {
       "type": "arrow",
@@ -378,6 +387,7 @@
       "height": 127.09591165425411,
       "seed": 590178992,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": {
         "type": 2
       },
@@ -429,6 +439,7 @@
       "height": 134,
       "seed": 415337136,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": {
         "type": 3
       },
@@ -462,6 +473,7 @@
       "height": 25,
       "seed": 323621040,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": null,
       "boundElements": [],
       "updated": 1695178133256,
@@ -475,12 +487,12 @@
       "containerId": "BKMB5NUOpxO8h9HYavOQX",
       "originalText": "AppState",
       "lineHeight": 1.25,
-      "baseline": 18
+      "baseline": 20
     },
     {
       "type": "text",
-      "version": 121,
-      "versionNonce": 451558069,
+      "version": 122,
+      "versionNonce": 1767273320,
       "isDeleted": false,
       "id": "o9-gbN3_3SW7l1OMVBHv4",
       "fillStyle": "hachure",
@@ -497,9 +509,10 @@
       "height": 35,
       "seed": 1592314032,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": null,
       "boundElements": [],
-      "updated": 1695178133256,
+      "updated": 1697094746332,
       "link": null,
       "locked": false,
       "fontSize": 28,
@@ -514,8 +527,8 @@
     },
     {
       "type": "text",
-      "version": 102,
-      "versionNonce": 200521499,
+      "version": 103,
+      "versionNonce": 1409996568,
       "isDeleted": false,
       "id": "sV53JjHOqVdbNK-CZIScM",
       "fillStyle": "hachure",
@@ -532,9 +545,10 @@
       "height": 35,
       "seed": 267598416,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": null,
       "boundElements": [],
-      "updated": 1695178133256,
+      "updated": 1697094746332,
       "link": null,
       "locked": false,
       "fontSize": 28,
@@ -549,8 +563,8 @@
     },
     {
       "type": "text",
-      "version": 265,
-      "versionNonce": 664476693,
+      "version": 266,
+      "versionNonce": 1745077864,
       "isDeleted": false,
       "id": "gn2aMXWdRMAPol-lsYZJB",
       "fillStyle": "hachure",
@@ -567,9 +581,10 @@
       "height": 35,
       "seed": 12819120,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": null,
       "boundElements": [],
-      "updated": 1695178133257,
+      "updated": 1697094746332,
       "link": null,
       "locked": false,
       "fontSize": 28,
@@ -584,8 +599,8 @@
     },
     {
       "type": "text",
-      "version": 172,
-      "versionNonce": 138681275,
+      "version": 173,
+      "versionNonce": 1607480344,
       "isDeleted": false,
       "id": "wFeIjJ1VGyOJMI-trmac6",
       "fillStyle": "hachure",
@@ -602,9 +617,10 @@
       "height": 50,
       "seed": 365806160,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": null,
       "boundElements": [],
-      "updated": 1695178133257,
+      "updated": 1697094746333,
       "link": null,
       "locked": false,
       "fontSize": 20,
@@ -637,6 +653,7 @@
       "height": 114.90766978520423,
       "seed": 1770820784,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": {
         "type": 2
       },
@@ -688,6 +705,7 @@
       "height": 146.3203125,
       "seed": 1842206800,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": {
         "type": 3
       },
@@ -721,6 +739,7 @@
       "height": 25,
       "seed": 417815728,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": null,
       "boundElements": [],
       "updated": 1695178133257,
@@ -734,12 +753,12 @@
       "containerId": "FbDca_VsOM50XBryyANV8",
       "originalText": "OpLog",
       "lineHeight": 1.25,
-      "baseline": 18
+      "baseline": 20
     },
     {
       "type": "text",
-      "version": 232,
-      "versionNonce": 845081691,
+      "version": 233,
+      "versionNonce": 1804515688,
       "isDeleted": false,
       "id": "R3cAPuLZewGeyAKN504Ax",
       "fillStyle": "hachure",
@@ -756,9 +775,10 @@
       "height": 35,
       "seed": 1528293968,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": null,
       "boundElements": [],
-      "updated": 1695178133257,
+      "updated": 1697094746333,
       "link": null,
       "locked": false,
       "fontSize": 28,
@@ -773,8 +793,8 @@
     },
     {
       "type": "text",
-      "version": 36,
-      "versionNonce": 1486412501,
+      "version": 37,
+      "versionNonce": 1692528920,
       "isDeleted": false,
       "id": "H2UWV51x64jg8zNDe_6qV",
       "fillStyle": "hachure",
@@ -791,9 +811,10 @@
       "height": 35,
       "seed": 930752688,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": null,
       "boundElements": [],
-      "updated": 1695178133257,
+      "updated": 1697094746333,
       "link": null,
       "locked": false,
       "fontSize": 28,
@@ -826,6 +847,7 @@
       "height": 106,
       "seed": 312893104,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": {
         "type": 3
       },
@@ -867,6 +889,7 @@
       "height": 25,
       "seed": 1707542704,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": null,
       "boundElements": [],
       "updated": 1695178133257,
@@ -880,7 +903,7 @@
       "containerId": "1LLL28OEgrxnPpSlOmgrL",
       "originalText": "OpLog",
       "lineHeight": 1.25,
-      "baseline": 18
+      "baseline": 20
     },
     {
       "type": "rectangle",
@@ -902,6 +925,7 @@
       "height": 68,
       "seed": 591557296,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": {
         "type": 3
       },
@@ -943,6 +967,7 @@
       "height": 25,
       "seed": 834706608,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": null,
       "boundElements": [],
       "updated": 1695178133257,
@@ -956,7 +981,7 @@
       "containerId": "PWAipXFF4DykhG7TFhTaZ",
       "originalText": "new op",
       "lineHeight": 1.25,
-      "baseline": 18
+      "baseline": 20
     },
     {
       "type": "arrow",
@@ -978,6 +1003,7 @@
       "height": 0.5281201254249481,
       "seed": 1659471536,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": {
         "type": 2
       },
@@ -1034,6 +1060,7 @@
       "height": 20,
       "seed": 325398704,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": null,
       "boundElements": [],
       "updated": 1695178133257,
@@ -1047,7 +1074,7 @@
       "containerId": "nx4YS-zkU35cewmGIo5FO",
       "originalText": "append to",
       "lineHeight": 1.25,
-      "baseline": 14
+      "baseline": 16
     },
     {
       "type": "rectangle",
@@ -1069,6 +1096,7 @@
       "height": 99,
       "seed": 1255905968,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": {
         "type": 3
       },
@@ -1114,6 +1142,7 @@
       "height": 25,
       "seed": 1542767792,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": null,
       "boundElements": [],
       "updated": 1695178133257,
@@ -1127,7 +1156,7 @@
       "containerId": "WoUlmz5DIbB2NHF9-ouL2",
       "originalText": "DiffCalculator",
       "lineHeight": 1.25,
-      "baseline": 18
+      "baseline": 20
     },
     {
       "type": "arrow",
@@ -1149,6 +1178,7 @@
       "height": 3.571716004895052,
       "seed": 72920752,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": {
         "type": 2
       },
@@ -1200,6 +1230,7 @@
       "height": 80,
       "seed": 212818096,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": {
         "type": 3
       },
@@ -1249,6 +1280,7 @@
       "height": 25,
       "seed": 1755366064,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": null,
       "boundElements": [],
       "updated": 1695178133257,
@@ -1262,7 +1294,7 @@
       "containerId": "PG6yWsij19Z7bVZQKtERP",
       "originalText": "Diff",
       "lineHeight": 1.25,
-      "baseline": 18
+      "baseline": 20
     },
     {
       "type": "arrow",
@@ -1284,6 +1316,7 @@
       "height": 127.22875078915968,
       "seed": 1456794800,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
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         "type": 2
       },
@@ -1335,6 +1368,7 @@
       "height": 114.90766978520423,
       "seed": 15980208,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": {
         "type": 2
       },
@@ -1386,6 +1420,7 @@
       "height": 103,
       "seed": 463831216,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": {
         "type": 3
       },
@@ -1431,6 +1466,7 @@
       "height": 25,
       "seed": 110226096,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": null,
       "boundElements": [],
       "updated": 1695178133257,
@@ -1444,7 +1480,7 @@
       "containerId": "spX4A1D7Xk0QCeW3sGB0_",
       "originalText": "AppState",
       "lineHeight": 1.25,
-      "baseline": 18
+      "baseline": 20
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     {
       "type": "arrow",
@@ -1466,6 +1502,7 @@
       "height": 354.0575204621348,
       "seed": 1818301616,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": {
         "type": 2
       },
@@ -1530,6 +1567,7 @@
       "height": 25,
       "seed": 1656422064,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": null,
       "boundElements": [],
       "updated": 1695178133258,
@@ -1543,7 +1581,7 @@
       "containerId": "g2UUhbYrH0fzqwosH2nPU",
       "originalText": "We may calculate diff directly from local op",
       "lineHeight": 1.25,
-      "baseline": 18
+      "baseline": 20
     },
     {
       "type": "arrow",
@@ -1565,6 +1603,7 @@
       "height": 2.0598401079325868,
       "seed": 172468400,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
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         "type": 2
       },
@@ -1616,6 +1655,7 @@
       "height": 88.50750912579701,
       "seed": 783225520,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": {
         "type": 3
       },
@@ -1653,6 +1693,7 @@
       "height": 25,
       "seed": 1721318576,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": null,
       "boundElements": [],
       "updated": 1695178133258,
@@ -1666,7 +1707,7 @@
       "containerId": "KuAj9Pvh2wTKMjjDrlEyq",
       "originalText": "Event",
       "lineHeight": 1.25,
-      "baseline": 18
+      "baseline": 20
     },
     {
       "type": "rectangle",
@@ -1688,6 +1729,7 @@
       "height": 106,
       "seed": 1206426288,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": {
         "type": 3
       },
@@ -1729,6 +1771,7 @@
       "height": 25,
       "seed": 794936496,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": null,
       "boundElements": [],
       "updated": 1695178133258,
@@ -1742,7 +1785,7 @@
       "containerId": "kXkc85whuJ0_IReg0rj9V",
       "originalText": "OpLog",
       "lineHeight": 1.25,
-      "baseline": 18
+      "baseline": 20
     },
     {
       "type": "rectangle",
@@ -1764,6 +1807,7 @@
       "height": 68,
       "seed": 1750547120,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": {
         "type": 3
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@@ -1801,6 +1845,7 @@
       "height": 25,
       "seed": 1295243952,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": null,
       "boundElements": [],
       "updated": 1695178133258,
@@ -1814,7 +1859,7 @@
       "containerId": "MH8qy9QSM2ytXDZhSpZ_n",
       "originalText": "remote ops",
       "lineHeight": 1.25,
-      "baseline": 18
+      "baseline": 20
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     {
       "type": "arrow",
@@ -1836,6 +1881,7 @@
       "height": 0.3209040707342865,
       "seed": 1938776144,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
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@@ -1892,6 +1938,7 @@
       "height": 20,
       "seed": 2129375312,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": null,
       "boundElements": [],
       "updated": 1695178133258,
@@ -1905,7 +1952,7 @@
       "containerId": "UOx8hryOh3wrDkdd5Urew",
       "originalText": "append to",
       "lineHeight": 1.25,
-      "baseline": 14
+      "baseline": 16
     },
     {
       "type": "rectangle",
@@ -1927,6 +1974,7 @@
       "height": 99,
       "seed": 1646636720,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": {
         "type": 3
       },
@@ -1972,6 +2020,7 @@
       "height": 25,
       "seed": 685529264,
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+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": null,
       "boundElements": [],
       "updated": 1695178133258,
@@ -1985,7 +2034,7 @@
       "containerId": "mNrd10l7otLfjk3NhjBPt",
       "originalText": "DiffCalculator",
       "lineHeight": 1.25,
-      "baseline": 18
+      "baseline": 20
     },
     {
       "type": "arrow",
@@ -2007,6 +2056,7 @@
       "height": 3.571716004895052,
       "seed": 1999487664,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": {
         "type": 2
       },
@@ -2058,6 +2108,7 @@
       "height": 80,
       "seed": 197258416,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": {
         "type": 3
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@@ -2103,6 +2154,7 @@
       "height": 25,
       "seed": 272684720,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": null,
       "boundElements": [],
       "updated": 1695178133258,
@@ -2116,7 +2168,7 @@
       "containerId": "3XB2vyo40q1qkjrF2jaSZ",
       "originalText": "Diff",
       "lineHeight": 1.25,
-      "baseline": 18
+      "baseline": 20
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     {
       "type": "arrow",
@@ -2138,6 +2190,7 @@
       "height": 127.54939697686314,
       "seed": 961708208,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": {
         "type": 2
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@@ -2194,6 +2247,7 @@
       "height": 25,
       "seed": 1721690800,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": null,
       "boundElements": [],
       "updated": 1695178133258,
@@ -2207,7 +2261,7 @@
       "containerId": "ZmdOSpDdHuByGWhFGpyU1",
       "originalText": "Applied to",
       "lineHeight": 1.25,
-      "baseline": 18
+      "baseline": 20
     },
     {
       "type": "arrow",
@@ -2229,6 +2283,7 @@
       "height": 114.90766978520423,
       "seed": 1120801968,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": {
         "type": 2
       },
@@ -2280,6 +2335,7 @@
       "height": 103,
       "seed": 1669856944,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": {
         "type": 3
       },
@@ -2325,6 +2381,7 @@
       "height": 25,
       "seed": 1769253040,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": null,
       "boundElements": [],
       "updated": 1695178133258,
@@ -2338,7 +2395,7 @@
       "containerId": "gdEh2Jftr56ZduCQnIeJR",
       "originalText": "AppState",
       "lineHeight": 1.25,
-      "baseline": 18
+      "baseline": 20
     },
     {
       "type": "arrow",
@@ -2360,6 +2417,7 @@
       "height": 2.0598401079325868,
       "seed": 540807856,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": {
         "type": 2
       },
@@ -2411,6 +2469,7 @@
       "height": 88.50750912579701,
       "seed": 512113840,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": {
         "type": 3
       },
@@ -2448,6 +2507,7 @@
       "height": 25,
       "seed": 1710958256,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": null,
       "boundElements": [],
       "updated": 1695178133258,
@@ -2461,12 +2521,12 @@
       "containerId": "ZKemQQrG8bVKu9In-MjFA",
       "originalText": "Event",
       "lineHeight": 1.25,
-      "baseline": 18
+      "baseline": 20
     },
     {
       "type": "text",
-      "version": 370,
-      "versionNonce": 426884603,
+      "version": 371,
+      "versionNonce": 1195592808,
       "isDeleted": false,
       "id": "vbnvqLubmb9mSigy7IPzB",
       "fillStyle": "hachure",
@@ -2483,9 +2543,10 @@
       "height": 35,
       "seed": 1750988368,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": null,
       "boundElements": [],
-      "updated": 1695178133258,
+      "updated": 1697094746333,
       "link": null,
       "locked": false,
       "fontSize": 28,
@@ -2518,6 +2579,7 @@
       "height": 106,
       "seed": 1066622032,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": {
         "type": 3
       },
@@ -2559,6 +2621,7 @@
       "height": 25,
       "seed": 327373392,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": null,
       "boundElements": [],
       "updated": 1695178133258,
@@ -2572,7 +2635,7 @@
       "containerId": "PU0CMnTWtUZz7uNHYUjh9",
       "originalText": "OpLog",
       "lineHeight": 1.25,
-      "baseline": 18
+      "baseline": 20
     },
     {
       "type": "rectangle",
@@ -2594,6 +2657,7 @@
       "height": 99,
       "seed": 302286928,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": {
         "type": 3
       },
@@ -2643,6 +2707,7 @@
       "height": 25,
       "seed": 1458503248,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": null,
       "boundElements": [],
       "updated": 1695178133258,
@@ -2656,7 +2721,7 @@
       "containerId": "46ZeqvGYdwOL2FE5Xzmm-",
       "originalText": "DiffCalculator",
       "lineHeight": 1.25,
-      "baseline": 18
+      "baseline": 20
     },
     {
       "type": "arrow",
@@ -2678,6 +2743,7 @@
       "height": 3.571716004895052,
       "seed": 1125823568,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": {
         "type": 2
       },
@@ -2729,6 +2795,7 @@
       "height": 80,
       "seed": 1549773392,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": {
         "type": 3
       },
@@ -2774,6 +2841,7 @@
       "height": 25,
       "seed": 764797008,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": null,
       "boundElements": [],
       "updated": 1695178133258,
@@ -2787,7 +2855,7 @@
       "containerId": "4FDyQ69utl8UTbO8gxLBx",
       "originalText": "Diff",
       "lineHeight": 1.25,
-      "baseline": 18
+      "baseline": 20
     },
     {
       "type": "arrow",
@@ -2809,6 +2877,7 @@
       "height": 127.54939697686314,
       "seed": 647321168,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": {
         "type": 2
       },
@@ -2865,6 +2934,7 @@
       "height": 25,
       "seed": 2083916880,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": null,
       "boundElements": [],
       "updated": 1695178133259,
@@ -2878,7 +2948,7 @@
       "containerId": "fkuoqrH4ykphYfzl0nA5P",
       "originalText": "Applied to",
       "lineHeight": 1.25,
-      "baseline": 18
+      "baseline": 20
     },
     {
       "type": "arrow",
@@ -2900,6 +2970,7 @@
       "height": 114.90766978520423,
       "seed": 139461200,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": {
         "type": 2
       },
@@ -2951,6 +3022,7 @@
       "height": 103,
       "seed": 700135504,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": {
         "type": 3
       },
@@ -2996,6 +3068,7 @@
       "height": 25,
       "seed": 609201744,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": null,
       "boundElements": [],
       "updated": 1695178133259,
@@ -3009,7 +3082,7 @@
       "containerId": "T6sE2q9bVXhwDMCFASYH4",
       "originalText": "AppState",
       "lineHeight": 1.25,
-      "baseline": 18
+      "baseline": 20
     },
     {
       "type": "arrow",
@@ -3031,6 +3104,7 @@
       "height": 2.0598401079325868,
       "seed": 15033424,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": {
         "type": 2
       },
@@ -3082,6 +3156,7 @@
       "height": 88.50750912579701,
       "seed": 1834244688,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": {
         "type": 3
       },
@@ -3119,6 +3194,7 @@
       "height": 25,
       "seed": 477401168,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": null,
       "boundElements": [],
       "updated": 1695178133259,
@@ -3132,7 +3208,7 @@
       "containerId": "TTuPU8EkQwEUxDc6C2EUX",
       "originalText": "Event",
       "lineHeight": 1.25,
-      "baseline": 18
+      "baseline": 20
     },
     {
       "type": "rectangle",
@@ -3154,6 +3230,7 @@
       "height": 44.14839938693876,
       "seed": 1634513488,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": {
         "type": 3
       },
@@ -3191,6 +3268,7 @@
       "height": 25,
       "seed": 465692752,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": null,
       "boundElements": [],
       "updated": 1695178133259,
@@ -3204,7 +3282,7 @@
       "containerId": "UXkD3aJAgzBPcTkV7urIo",
       "originalText": "Old version",
       "lineHeight": 1.25,
-      "baseline": 18
+      "baseline": 20
     },
     {
       "type": "arrow",
@@ -3226,6 +3304,7 @@
       "height": 0.5725824780420226,
       "seed": 33578576,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": {
         "type": 2
       },
@@ -3259,8 +3338,8 @@
     },
     {
       "type": "text",
-      "version": 61,
-      "versionNonce": 1698785403,
+      "version": 62,
+      "versionNonce": 984878616,
       "isDeleted": false,
       "id": "esyuXNMFxHhWITBsKcfkg",
       "fillStyle": "hachure",
@@ -3277,9 +3356,10 @@
       "height": 25,
       "seed": 1713676385,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": null,
       "boundElements": [],
-      "updated": 1695178133259,
+      "updated": 1697094746333,
       "link": null,
       "locked": false,
       "fontSize": 20,
@@ -3312,6 +3392,7 @@
       "height": 118.90234375,
       "seed": 647830241,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": {
         "type": 2
       },
@@ -3363,6 +3444,7 @@
       "height": 118.90234375,
       "seed": 589710305,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": {
         "type": 2
       },
@@ -3414,6 +3496,7 @@
       "height": 118.90234375,
       "seed": 760808495,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": {
         "type": 2
       },
@@ -3465,6 +3548,7 @@
       "height": 118.90234375,
       "seed": 110648961,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": {
         "type": 2
       },
@@ -3498,8 +3582,8 @@
     },
     {
       "type": "text",
-      "version": 398,
-      "versionNonce": 407089333,
+      "version": 399,
+      "versionNonce": 82673512,
       "isDeleted": false,
       "id": "M5ld9FicUuQ134VaZ-Hcl",
       "fillStyle": "hachure",
@@ -3516,9 +3600,10 @@
       "height": 100,
       "seed": 1842698223,
       "groupIds": [],
+      "frameId": null,
       "roundness": null,
       "boundElements": [],
-      "updated": 1695178133259,
+      "updated": 1697094746333,
       "link": null,
       "locked": false,
       "fontSize": 20,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
index d8c9f6aef..b5492df8c 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ pub(super) use tree::TreeDiffCache;
 
 use enum_dispatch::enum_dispatch;
 use fxhash::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
-use loro_common::{HasIdSpan, PeerID, TreeID, ID};
+use loro_common::{HasIdSpan, PeerID, ID};
 
 use crate::{
     change::Lamport,
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ use crate::{
     InternalString, VersionVector,
 };
 
+use self::tree::MoveLamportAndID;
+
 use super::{event::InternalContainerDiff, oplog::OpLog};
 
 /// Calculate the diff between two versions. given [OpLog][super::oplog::OpLog]
@@ -455,18 +457,16 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for TextDiffCalculator {
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Default)]
-struct TreeDiffCalculator {
-    // nodes: BTreeSet<CompactTreeNode>,
-}
+struct TreeDiffCalculator;
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
-pub(super) struct CompactTreeNode {
-    pub(super) lamport: Lamport,
-    pub(super) peer: PeerID,
-    pub(super) counter: Counter,
-    pub(super) target: TreeID,
-    pub(super) parent: Option<TreeID>,
-}
+// #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
+// pub(super) struct CompactTreeNode {
+//     pub(super) lamport: Lamport,
+//     pub(super) peer: PeerID,
+//     pub(super) counter: Counter,
+//     pub(super) target: TreeID,
+//     pub(super) parent: Option<TreeID>,
+// }
 
 impl TreeDiffCalculator {
     fn get_min_lamport_by_frontiers(&self, frontiers: &Frontiers, oplog: &OpLog) -> Lamport {
@@ -504,17 +504,19 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for TreeDiffCalculator {
         op: crate::op::RichOp,
         _vv: Option<&crate::VersionVector>,
     ) {
-        // TODO: container id
         let TreeOp { target, parent } = op.op().content.as_tree().unwrap();
-        let node = CompactTreeNode {
+        let node = MoveLamportAndID {
             lamport: op.lamport(),
-            peer: op.client_id(),
-            counter: op.id_start().counter,
+            id: ID {
+                peer: op.client_id(),
+                counter: op.id_start().counter,
+            },
             target: *target,
             parent: *parent,
+            effected: true,
         };
         let mut tree_cache = oplog.tree_parent_cache.lock().unwrap();
-        tree_cache.add_node(&node);
+        tree_cache.add_node(node);
     }
 
     fn stop_tracking(&mut self, _oplog: &OpLog, _vv: &crate::VersionVector) {}
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs
index 2cbc61d9a..e1186b004 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs
@@ -5,19 +5,20 @@ use std::{
 
 use fxhash::FxHashMap;
 use itertools::Itertools;
-use loro_common::{CounterSpan, IdSpan, TreeID, DELETED_TREE_ROOT, ID};
+use loro_common::{CounterSpan, IdSpan, TreeID, ID};
 
 use crate::{change::Lamport, delta::TreeDelta, VersionVector};
 
-use super::CompactTreeNode;
-
+/// All information of an operation for diff calculating of movable tree.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord)]
 pub struct MoveLamportAndID {
-    pub(super) lamport: Lamport,
-    pub(super) id: ID,
-    pub(super) target: TreeID,
-    pub(super) parent: Option<TreeID>,
-    pub(super) effected: bool,
+    pub(crate) lamport: Lamport,
+    pub(crate) id: ID,
+    pub(crate) target: TreeID,
+    pub(crate) parent: Option<TreeID>,
+    /// Whether this action is applied in the current version.
+    /// If this action will cause a circular reference, then this action will not be applied.
+    pub(crate) effected: bool,
 }
 
 impl core::hash::Hash for MoveLamportAndID {
@@ -30,6 +31,9 @@ impl core::hash::Hash for MoveLamportAndID {
     }
 }
 
+/// We need cache all actions of movable tree to calculate diffs between any two versions.
+///
+///
 #[derive(Debug, Default)]
 pub struct TreeDiffCache {
     cache: Cache,
@@ -70,46 +74,34 @@ impl DerefMut for Cache {
     }
 }
 
-impl CompactTreeNode {
-    fn move_lamport_id(&self) -> MoveLamportAndID {
-        MoveLamportAndID {
-            lamport: self.lamport,
-            id: self.id(),
-            target: self.target,
-            parent: self.parent,
-            effected: true,
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn id(&self) -> ID {
-        ID {
-            peer: self.peer,
-            counter: self.counter,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 impl TreeDiffCache {
-    pub(crate) fn add_node(&mut self, node: &CompactTreeNode) {
-        if !self.all_version.includes_id(node.id()) {
-            self.pending.insert(node.move_lamport_id());
+    pub(crate) fn add_node(&mut self, node: MoveLamportAndID) {
+        if !self.all_version.includes_id(node.id) {
+            self.pending.insert(node);
             // assert len == 1
-            self.all_version.set_last(node.id());
+            self.all_version.set_last(node.id);
         }
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn add_node_uncheck(&mut self, node: &CompactTreeNode) {
-        if !self.all_version.includes_id(node.id()) {
+    // When we cache local ops, we can apply these directly.
+    // Because importing the local op must not cause circular references, it has been checked.
+    pub(crate) fn add_node_uncheck(&mut self, node: MoveLamportAndID) {
+        if !self.all_version.includes_id(node.id) {
             self.cache
                 .entry(node.target)
                 .or_insert_with(Default::default)
-                .insert(node.move_lamport_id());
+                .insert(node);
             // assert len == 1
-            self.current_version.set_last(node.id());
-            self.all_version.set_last(node.id());
+            self.current_version.set_last(node.id);
+            self.all_version.set_last(node.id);
         }
     }
 
+    /// To calculate diff of movable tree.
+    ///
+    /// Firstly, Switch the cache version to the from version.
+    /// And then, retreat to the `lca version` of `from version` and `to version` and record every op at the same time.
+    /// Finally, apply the ops in the lamport id order. If the op will cause circular references, its `effected` will be marked false.
     pub(super) fn diff(
         &mut self,
         from: &VersionVector,
@@ -275,10 +267,10 @@ impl TreeDiffCache {
 
     /// get the parent of the first effected op
     fn get_parent(&self, tree_id: TreeID) -> Option<TreeID> {
-        if tree_id == DELETED_TREE_ROOT.unwrap() {
+        if TreeID::is_deleted_root(Some(tree_id)) {
             return None;
         }
-        let mut ans = DELETED_TREE_ROOT;
+        let mut ans = TreeID::delete_root();
         for op in self.cache.get(&tree_id).unwrap().iter().rev() {
             if op.effected {
                 ans = op.parent;
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs
index c15c82657..fa67b0bd5 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs
@@ -50,14 +50,15 @@ pub struct ChangeEncoding {
 struct OpEncoding {
     #[columnar(strategy = "Rle")]
     container: usize,
-    /// key index or insert/delete pos
+    /// key index or insert/delete pos or target index of tree ids
     #[columnar(strategy = "DeltaRle")]
     prop: usize,
+    /// parent index of tree ids (0 is deleted root)
     value: Option<LoroValue>,
 }
 
 #[columnar(vec, ser, de, iterable)]
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub(super) struct DepsEncoding {
     #[columnar(strategy = "Rle")]
     pub(super) client_idx: ClientIdx,
@@ -65,32 +66,33 @@ pub(super) struct DepsEncoding {
     pub(super) counter: Counter,
 }
 
-#[columnar(vec, ser, de)]
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
-pub(super) struct TreeIDEncoding {
-    #[columnar(strategy = "Rle")]
-    peer: PeerID,
-    #[columnar(strategy = "DeltaRle")]
-    counter: Counter,
-}
-
-impl From<TreeID> for TreeIDEncoding {
-    fn from(value: TreeID) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            peer: value.peer,
-            counter: value.counter,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<TreeIDEncoding> for TreeID {
-    fn from(value: TreeIDEncoding) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            peer: value.peer,
-            counter: value.counter,
-        }
-    }
-}
+type TreeIDEncoding = DepsEncoding;
+// #[columnar(vec, ser, de)]
+// #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
+// pub(super) struct TreeIDEncoding {
+//     #[columnar(strategy = "Rle")]
+//     peer: PeerID,
+//     #[columnar(strategy = "DeltaRle")]
+//     counter: Counter,
+// }
+
+// impl From<TreeID> for TreeIDEncoding {
+//     fn from(value: TreeID) -> Self {
+//         Self {
+//             peer: value.peer,
+//             counter: value.counter,
+//         }
+//     }
+// }
+
+// impl From<TreeIDEncoding> for TreeID {
+//     fn from(value: TreeIDEncoding) -> Self {
+//         Self {
+//             peer: value.peer,
+//             counter: value.counter,
+//         }
+//     }
+// }
 
 impl DepsEncoding {
     pub(super) fn new(client_idx: ClientIdx, counter: Counter) -> Self {
@@ -160,7 +162,7 @@ pub(super) fn encode_oplog_changes(oplog: &OpLog, vv: &VersionVector) -> Vec<u8>
     let mut keys = Vec::new();
     let mut key_to_idx = FxHashMap::default();
     let mut tree_ids = Vec::new();
-    let mut tree_to_idx = FxHashMap::default();
+    let mut tree_id_to_idx = FxHashMap::default();
 
     let mut deps = Vec::with_capacity(change_num);
 
@@ -193,16 +195,31 @@ pub(super) fn encode_oplog_changes(oplog: &OpLog, vv: &VersionVector) -> Vec<u8>
             for content in op.contents.into_iter() {
                 let (prop, value) = match content {
                     crate::op::RawOpContent::Tree(TreeOp { target, parent }) => {
-                        let prop = *tree_to_idx.entry(target).or_insert_with(|| {
-                            tree_ids.push(target.into());
-                            tree_ids.len() - 1
+                        let target_peer_idx = *client_id_to_idx.get(&target.peer).unwrap();
+                        let target_encoding = TreeIDEncoding {
+                            client_idx: target_peer_idx,
+                            counter: target.counter,
+                        };
+                        let prop = *tree_id_to_idx.entry(target_encoding).or_insert_with(|| {
+                            tree_ids.push(target_encoding);
+                            tree_ids.len()
                         });
 
                         let value = if let Some(p) = parent {
-                            LoroValue::I32(*tree_to_idx.entry(p).or_insert_with(|| {
-                                tree_ids.push(p.into());
-                                tree_ids.len() - 1
-                            }) as i32)
+                            if TreeID::is_deleted_root(parent) {
+                                LoroValue::I32(0)
+                            } else {
+                                let p_peer_idx = *client_id_to_idx.get(&p.peer).unwrap();
+                                let p_encoding = TreeIDEncoding {
+                                    client_idx: p_peer_idx,
+                                    counter: p.counter,
+                                };
+                                let prop = *tree_id_to_idx.entry(p_encoding).or_insert_with(|| {
+                                    tree_ids.push(p_encoding);
+                                    tree_ids.len()
+                                });
+                                LoroValue::I32(prop as i32)
+                            }
                         } else {
                             LoroValue::Null
                         };
@@ -317,10 +334,24 @@ pub(super) fn decode_changes_to_inner_format_oplog(
                 let container_type = container_id.container_type();
                 let content = match container_type {
                     ContainerType::Tree => {
-                        let target = tree_ids[prop].into();
+                        let target = tree_ids[prop - 1];
+                        let target = TreeID {
+                            peer: clients[target.client_idx as usize],
+                            counter: target.counter,
+                        };
                         let parent = match value.unwrap() {
                             LoroValue::Null => None,
-                            LoroValue::I32(i) => Some(tree_ids[i as usize].into()),
+                            LoroValue::I32(i) => {
+                                if i == 0 {
+                                    TreeID::delete_root()
+                                } else {
+                                    let p = tree_ids[i as usize - 1];
+                                    Some(TreeID {
+                                        peer: clients[p.client_idx as usize],
+                                        counter: p.counter,
+                                    })
+                                }
+                            }
                             _ => unreachable!(),
                         };
                         RawOpContent::Tree(TreeOp { target, parent })
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs
index 15d143d87..6ca65377d 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use fxhash::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
-use loro_common::{HasCounterSpan, HasLamportSpan, TreeID, DELETED_TREE_ROOT};
+use loro_common::{HasCounterSpan, HasLamportSpan, TreeID};
 use rle::{HasLength, RleVec};
 use serde_columnar::{columnar, iter_from_bytes, to_vec};
 use std::{borrow::Cow, cmp::Ordering, ops::Deref, sync::Arc};
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ pub fn encode_oplog_v2(oplog: &OpLog, vv: &VersionVector) -> Vec<u8> {
                                 tree_ids.len()
                             });
                         let (is_none, parent_idx) = if let Some(parent) = parent {
-                            if TreeID::is_deleted(Some(parent)) {
+                            if TreeID::is_deleted_root(Some(parent)) {
                                 (false, 0)
                             } else {
                                 let parent_peer_idx = *peer_id_to_idx.get(&parent.peer).unwrap();
@@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ pub fn decode_oplog_v2(oplog: &mut OpLog, input: &[u8]) -> Result<(), LoroError>
                         let parent = if is_del {
                             None
                         } else if insert_del_len == 0 {
-                            DELETED_TREE_ROOT
+                            TreeID::delete_root()
                         } else {
                             let parent_encoding = tree_ids[insert_del_len as usize - 1];
                             let parent = TreeID {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs
index 9264a226a..7d61118e1 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use arbitrary::Arbitrary;
 use debug_log::debug_dbg;
 use enum_as_inner::EnumAsInner;
 use fxhash::FxHashMap;
-use loro_common::{LoroError, LoroTreeError, TreeID, DELETED_TREE_ROOT, ID};
+use loro_common::{LoroError, LoroTreeError, TreeID, ID};
 use tabled::{TableIteratorExt, Tabled};
 
 #[allow(unused_imports)]
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ impl Actor {
         let app = LoroDoc::new();
         app.set_peer_id(id);
         let mut default_tree_tracker = FxHashMap::default();
-        default_tree_tracker.insert(DELETED_TREE_ROOT.unwrap(), None);
+        default_tree_tracker.insert(TreeID::delete_root().unwrap(), None);
         let mut actor = Actor {
             peer: id,
             loro: app,
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ impl Actor {
                                 tree.insert(target, Some(parent));
                             }
                             TreeDiffItem::Delete => {
-                                tree.insert(target, DELETED_TREE_ROOT);
+                                tree.insert(target, TreeID::delete_root());
                             }
                         }
                     }
@@ -372,6 +372,7 @@ trait Actionable {
 }
 
 impl Actor {
+    #[allow(unused)]
     fn add_new_container(&mut self, idx: ContainerIdx, type_: ContainerType) {
         match type_ {
             ContainerType::Text => self
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/op/content.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/op/content.rs
index 05bc008a3..ef6cf458a 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/op/content.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/op/content.rs
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ impl<'a> Clone for RawOpContent<'a> {
         match self {
             Self::Map(arg0) => Self::Map(arg0.clone()),
             Self::List(arg0) => Self::List(arg0.clone()),
-            Self::Tree(arg0) => Self::Tree(arg0.clone()),
+            Self::Tree(arg0) => Self::Tree(*arg0),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ impl<'a> RawOpContent<'a> {
                 }),
                 ListOp::Delete(x) => RawOpContent::List(ListOp::Delete(*x)),
             },
-            Self::Tree(arg0) => RawOpContent::Tree(arg0.clone()),
+            Self::Tree(arg0) => RawOpContent::Tree(*arg0),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
index 581139f7b..076f083fa 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@ use rle::{HasLength, RleVec};
 use crate::change::{Change, Lamport, Timestamp};
 use crate::container::list::list_op;
 use crate::dag::DagUtils;
-use crate::diff_calc::{CompactTreeNode, TreeDiffCache};
+use crate::diff_calc::tree::MoveLamportAndID;
+use crate::diff_calc::TreeDiffCache;
 use crate::encoding::{decode_oplog, encode_oplog, EncodeMode};
 use crate::encoding::{ClientChanges, RemoteClientChanges};
 use crate::id::{Counter, PeerID, ID};
@@ -255,13 +256,17 @@ impl OpLog {
         let mut tree_cache = self.tree_parent_cache.lock().unwrap();
         for op in change.ops().iter() {
             if let crate::op::InnerContent::Tree(tree) = op.content {
-                tree_cache.add_node_uncheck(&CompactTreeNode {
+                let node = MoveLamportAndID {
                     lamport: change.lamport,
-                    peer: change.id.peer,
-                    counter: op.counter,
+                    id: ID {
+                        peer: change.id.peer,
+                        counter: op.counter,
+                    },
                     target: tree.target,
                     parent: tree.parent,
-                });
+                    effected: true,
+                };
+                tree_cache.add_node_uncheck(node);
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
index c76a2a9ee..8b01d377d 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
@@ -617,7 +617,7 @@ fn preprocess_app_state(app_state: &DocState) -> PreEncodedState {
                     .map(|(target, parent)| {
                         let peer_idx = record_peer(target.peer, &mut peer_lookup);
                         let t = record_tree_id(*target, peer_idx);
-                        let p = if TreeID::is_deleted(*parent) {
+                        let p = if TreeID::is_deleted_root(*parent) {
                             Some(0)
                         } else {
                             parent.map(|p| {
@@ -774,7 +774,7 @@ fn encode_oplog(oplog: &OpLog, state_ref: Option<PreEncodedState>) -> FinalPhase
                     );
                     let target_idx = *tree_id_lookup.get(&target).unwrap();
 
-                    let parent_idx = if TreeID::is_deleted(*parent) {
+                    let parent_idx = if TreeID::is_deleted_root(*parent) {
                         Some(0)
                     } else {
                         parent.map(|p| {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
index 02e443092..02e065da1 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 use fxhash::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use loro_common::{
-    ContainerID, ContainerType, LoroError, LoroResult, LoroTreeError, LoroValue, TreeID,
-    DELETED_TREE_ROOT, ID,
+    ContainerID, ContainerType, LoroError, LoroResult, LoroTreeError, LoroValue, TreeID, ID,
 };
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use std::collections::{hash_map::Iter, VecDeque};
@@ -20,6 +19,9 @@ use crate::{
 
 use super::ContainerState;
 
+/// The state of movable tree.
+///
+/// using flat representation
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct TreeState {
     pub(crate) trees: FxHashMap<TreeID, Option<TreeID>>,
@@ -27,7 +29,7 @@ pub struct TreeState {
     undo_items: Vec<TreeUndoItem>,
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
 struct TreeUndoItem {
     target: TreeID,
     old_parent: Option<TreeID>,
@@ -36,7 +38,7 @@ struct TreeUndoItem {
 impl TreeState {
     pub fn new() -> Self {
         let mut trees = FxHashMap::default();
-        trees.insert(DELETED_TREE_ROOT.unwrap(), None);
+        trees.insert(TreeID::delete_root().unwrap(), None);
         Self {
             trees,
             in_txn: false,
@@ -66,7 +68,7 @@ impl TreeState {
             if self.in_txn {
                 self.undo_items.push(TreeUndoItem {
                     target,
-                    old_parent: DELETED_TREE_ROOT,
+                    old_parent: TreeID::delete_root(),
                 })
             }
             return Ok(());
@@ -92,7 +94,7 @@ impl TreeState {
             if self.in_txn {
                 self.undo_items.push(TreeUndoItem {
                     target,
-                    old_parent: DELETED_TREE_ROOT,
+                    old_parent: TreeID::delete_root(),
                 })
             }
         }
@@ -120,17 +122,12 @@ impl TreeState {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn delete(&mut self, target: TreeID) {
-        // deletion never occurs CycleMoveError
-        self.mov(target, DELETED_TREE_ROOT).unwrap()
-    }
-
     pub fn iter(&self) -> Iter<'_, TreeID, Option<TreeID>> {
         self.trees.iter()
     }
 
     pub fn contains(&self, target: TreeID) -> bool {
-        if TreeID::is_deleted(Some(target)) {
+        if TreeID::is_deleted_root(Some(target)) {
             return true;
         }
         !self.is_deleted(target)
@@ -146,12 +143,12 @@ impl TreeState {
 
     // TODO: cache deleted
     fn is_deleted(&self, mut target: TreeID) -> bool {
-        if !self.trees.contains_key(&target) || TreeID::is_deleted(Some(target)) {
+        if !self.trees.contains_key(&target) || TreeID::is_deleted_root(Some(target)) {
             return true;
         }
 
         let mut deleted = FxHashSet::default();
-        deleted.insert(DELETED_TREE_ROOT.unwrap());
+        deleted.insert(TreeID::delete_root().unwrap());
         while let Some(parent) = self.trees.get(&target) {
             let Some(parent) = parent else{return false;};
             if deleted.contains(parent) {
@@ -195,7 +192,7 @@ impl ContainerState for TreeState {
                         self.trees.insert(target, Some(parent));
                     }
                     TreeDiffItem::Delete => {
-                        self.trees.insert(target, DELETED_TREE_ROOT);
+                        self.trees.insert(target, TreeID::delete_root());
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -273,12 +270,21 @@ impl ContainerState for TreeState {
     }
 }
 
+/// Convert flatten tree structure to hierarchy for user interface.
+///
+/// ```json
+/// {
+///     "roots": [......],
+///     "deleted": [......]
+/// }
+/// ```
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct Forest {
     pub roots: Vec<TreeNode>,
     deleted: Vec<TreeNode>,
 }
 
+/// The node with metadata in hierarchy tree structure.
 #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct TreeNode {
     id: TreeID,
@@ -296,11 +302,7 @@ impl Forest {
         let mut node_to_meta = FxHashMap::default();
         let mut node_to_parent = FxHashMap::default();
 
-        for (id, (parent, meta)) in state
-            .into_iter()
-            // .filter(|(_, &parent)| parent != DELETED_TREE_ROOT)
-            .sorted_by_key(|(k, _)| *k)
-        {
+        for (id, (parent, meta)) in state.into_iter().sorted_by_key(|(k, _)| *k) {
             node_to_meta.insert(id, meta);
             node_to_parent.insert(id, parent);
             if let Some(parent) = parent {
@@ -313,7 +315,7 @@ impl Forest {
 
         for root in node_to_parent
             .iter()
-            .filter(|(_, parent)| parent.is_none()) // && id != DELETED_TREE_ROOT.unwrap())
+            .filter(|(_, parent)| parent.is_none())
             .map(|(id, _)| *id)
             .sorted()
         {
@@ -356,7 +358,7 @@ impl Forest {
                 }
             }
             let root_node = id_to_node.remove(&root).unwrap();
-            if root_node.id == DELETED_TREE_ROOT.unwrap() {
+            if root_node.id == TreeID::delete_root().unwrap() {
                 forest.deleted = root_node.children;
             } else {
                 forest.roots.push(root_node);
@@ -369,11 +371,7 @@ impl Forest {
         let mut forest = Self::default();
         let mut node_to_children = FxHashMap::default();
 
-        for (id, parent) in state
-            .iter()
-            // .filter(|(_, &parent)| parent != DELETED_TREE_ROOT)
-            .sorted()
-        {
+        for (id, parent) in state.iter().sorted() {
             if let Some(parent) = parent {
                 node_to_children
                     .entry(*parent)
@@ -384,7 +382,7 @@ impl Forest {
 
         for root in state
             .iter()
-            .filter(|(_, parent)| parent.is_none()) // && id != DELETED_TREE_ROOT.unwrap())
+            .filter(|(_, parent)| parent.is_none())
             .map(|(id, _)| *id)
             .sorted()
         {
@@ -433,7 +431,7 @@ impl Forest {
                 }
             }
             let root_node = id_to_node.remove(&root).unwrap();
-            if root_node.id == DELETED_TREE_ROOT.unwrap() {
+            if root_node.id == TreeID::delete_root().unwrap() {
                 forest.deleted = root_node.children;
             } else {
                 forest.roots.push(root_node);
@@ -451,7 +449,7 @@ impl Forest {
                 stack.extend(node.children.iter())
             }
         }
-        ans.insert(DELETED_TREE_ROOT.unwrap(), (None, LoroValue::Null));
+        ans.insert(TreeID::delete_root().unwrap(), (None, LoroValue::Null));
         for root in self.deleted.iter() {
             let mut stack = vec![root];
             while let Some(node) = stack.pop() {
@@ -462,7 +460,7 @@ impl Forest {
         ans
     }
 
-    // for test
+    // for test only
     pub(crate) fn apply_diffs(&self, diff: &[Diff]) -> Self {
         let mut state = self.to_state();
         for item in diff {
@@ -481,7 +479,7 @@ impl Forest {
                         state.insert(target, (Some(parent), meta));
                     }
                     TreeDiffItem::Delete => {
-                        state.insert(target, (DELETED_TREE_ROOT, meta));
+                        state.insert(target, (TreeID::delete_root(), meta));
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -506,6 +504,7 @@ impl Forest {
         ans.into()
     }
 
+    // for test only
     pub(crate) fn from_value(value: LoroValue) -> LoroResult<Self> {
         let mut map = Arc::try_unwrap(value.into_map().unwrap()).unwrap();
         // TODO: perf
@@ -535,6 +534,7 @@ impl Forest {
 }
 
 impl TreeNode {
+    // for test only
     fn from_value(value: LoroValue) -> Self {
         let map = value.into_map().unwrap();
         let id = map.get("id").unwrap().clone().into_string().unwrap();
@@ -589,6 +589,7 @@ impl TreeNode {
     }
 }
 
+// convert map container to LoroValue
 pub(crate) fn get_meta_value(nodes: &mut LoroValue, state: &DocState) {
     for node in Arc::make_mut(nodes.as_list_mut().unwrap()).iter_mut() {
         let map = Arc::make_mut(node.as_map_mut().unwrap());
@@ -647,7 +648,7 @@ mod tests {
         state.mov(ID2, Some(ID1)).unwrap();
         state.mov(ID3, Some(ID2)).unwrap();
         state.mov(ID4, Some(ID1)).unwrap();
-        state.delete(ID2);
+        state.mov(ID2, TreeID::delete_root()).unwrap();
         let roots = Forest::from_tree_state(&state.trees);
         let json = serde_json::to_string(&roots).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(

From 67d86912290ec209d1adfcac3160ec70634e57e8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 12 Oct 2023 15:33:48 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 079/111] fix: test tree meta

---
 crates/loro-internal/examples/many_actors.rs | 7 ++++---
 crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs            | 2 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs          | 2 +-
 3 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/examples/many_actors.rs b/crates/loro-internal/examples/many_actors.rs
index 1e6c51954..85908445b 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/examples/many_actors.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/examples/many_actors.rs
@@ -1,14 +1,15 @@
-use std::{thread::spawn, time::Instant};
+use std::time::Instant;
 
 use loro_internal::{LoroDoc, LoroValue};
 // #[global_allocator]
 // static ALLOC: dhat::Alloc = dhat::Alloc;
 
 fn main() {
-    with_100K_actors_then_action();
+    with_100k_actors_then_action();
     // import_with_many_actors();
 }
 
+#[allow(unused)]
 fn import_with_many_actors() {
     let store = LoroDoc::default();
     for i in 0..10000 {
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ fn import_with_many_actors() {
     // drop(profiler);
 }
 
-fn with_100K_actors_then_action() {
+fn with_100k_actors_then_action() {
     let store = LoroDoc::default();
     for i in 0..100_000 {
         store.set_peer_id(i);
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs
index a8ae8cbe1..96130833c 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ impl Diff {
             (Diff::Map(a), Diff::Map(b)) => Ok(Diff::Map(a.compose(b))),
             (Diff::NewMap(a), Diff::NewMap(b)) => Ok(Diff::NewMap(a.compose(b))),
             // TODO: tree
-            (Diff::Tree(a), Diff::Tree(b)) => todo!(),
+            (Diff::Tree(_), Diff::Tree(_)) => todo!(),
             (a, _) => Err(a),
         }
     }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
index 6181c95eb..893440a2b 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
@@ -959,7 +959,7 @@ mod test {
             .unwrap();
         assert_eq!(meta, 123.into());
         assert_eq!(
-            r#"{"roots":[{"parent":null,"meta":{"a":123},"id":"0@1","children":[]}]}"#,
+            r#"{"roots":[{"parent":null,"meta":{"a":123},"id":"0@1","children":[]}],"deleted":[]}"#,
             tree.get_deep_value().to_json()
         );
         let bytes = loro.export_snapshot();

From afc98649fd19d586dd7be7a99e11b13b21806edf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 12 Oct 2023 16:12:14 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 080/111] test: remove import bytes check

---
 crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs           |   9 +----
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs  |   2 +
 .../tests/history_compressed_rle_updates.dat  | Bin 80497 -> 0 bytes
 .../loro-internal/tests/history_snapshot.dat  | Bin 107039 -> 0 bytes
 crates/loro-internal/tests/test.rs            |  36 ++++++++----------
 5 files changed, 19 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 crates/loro-internal/tests/history_compressed_rle_updates.dat
 delete mode 100644 crates/loro-internal/tests/history_snapshot.dat

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
index 893440a2b..e3cbc7db6 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ impl std::fmt::Debug for ListHandler {
     }
 }
 
+///
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct TreeHandler {
     container_idx: ContainerIdx,
@@ -840,14 +841,6 @@ impl TreeHandler {
     }
 
     pub fn get_deep_value(&self) -> LoroValue {
-        // let mut value = self.get_value();
-        // let state = self.state.upgrade().unwrap();
-        // let state = state.lock().unwrap();
-        // let roots = Arc::make_mut(value.as_map_mut().unwrap())
-        //     .get_mut("roots")
-        //     .unwrap();
-        // get_meta_value(roots, &state);
-        // value
         self.state
             .upgrade()
             .unwrap()
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
index 02e065da1..c944a2af1 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
@@ -248,6 +248,8 @@ impl ContainerState for TreeState {
         self.in_txn = false;
     }
 
+    // TODO: whether the node in deleted exists in the current version
+    // when checkout to a past version, deleted may have some nodes from the future.
     fn get_value(&self) -> LoroValue {
         let forest = Forest::from_tree_state(&self.trees);
         forest.to_value()
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/tests/history_compressed_rle_updates.dat b/crates/loro-internal/tests/history_compressed_rle_updates.dat
deleted file mode 100644
index ebe79528635d91e14c303410e7e2a86d5de2a365..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
GIT binary patch
literal 0
HcmV?d00001

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diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/tests/history_snapshot.dat b/crates/loro-internal/tests/history_snapshot.dat
deleted file mode 100644
index 3a8a381c895ac7e4d1fc2c2fd765c22f69851245..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
GIT binary patch
literal 0
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LtDeAg0-f-G((di9

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/tests/test.rs b/crates/loro-internal/tests/test.rs
index d6ad7282a..5e29d7e1a 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/tests/test.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/tests/test.rs
@@ -19,16 +19,6 @@ fn import() {
     .unwrap_or_default();
 }
 
-#[test]
-fn import_history() {
-    let doc = LoroDoc::new();
-    doc.import(include_bytes!("./history_compressed_rle_updates.dat"))
-        .unwrap();
-    let doc2 = LoroDoc::new();
-    doc2.import(include_bytes!("./history_snapshot.dat"))
-        .unwrap();
-}
-
 #[test]
 fn test_timestamp() {
     let doc = LoroDoc::new();
@@ -272,29 +262,35 @@ fn tree_checkout() {
     doc_a.set_peer_id(1);
     let tree = doc_a.get_tree("root");
     let id1 = doc_a.with_txn(|txn| tree.create(txn)).unwrap();
+
     let id2 = doc_a.with_txn(|txn| tree.create_and_mov(txn, id1)).unwrap();
+    let v1_state = tree.get_deep_value();
     let v1 = doc_a.oplog_frontiers();
     let _id3 = doc_a.with_txn(|txn| tree.create_and_mov(txn, id2)).unwrap();
+    let v2_state = tree.get_deep_value();
     let v2 = doc_a.oplog_frontiers();
     doc_a.with_txn(|txn| tree.delete(txn, id2)).unwrap();
+    let v3_state = tree.get_deep_value();
     let v3 = doc_a.oplog_frontiers();
-    assert_eq!(
-        tree.get_value().to_json(),
-        r#"{"roots":[{"parent":null,"meta":{"Container":{"Normal":{"peer":1,"counter":0,"container_type":"Map"}}},"id":"{\"peer\":1,\"counter\":0}","children":[]}]}"#
-    );
     doc_a.checkout(&v1).unwrap();
     assert_eq!(
-        tree.get_value().to_json(),
-        r#"{"roots":[{"parent":null,"meta":{"Container":{"Normal":{"peer":1,"counter":0,"container_type":"Map"}}},"id":"{\"peer\":1,\"counter\":0}","children":[{"parent":"{\"peer\":1,\"counter\":0}","meta":{"Container":{"Normal":{"peer":1,"counter":1,"container_type":"Map"}}},"id":"{\"peer\":1,\"counter\":1}","children":[]}]}]}"#
+        serde_json::to_value(tree.get_deep_value())
+            .unwrap()
+            .get("roots"),
+        serde_json::to_value(v1_state).unwrap().get("roots")
     );
     doc_a.checkout(&v2).unwrap();
     assert_eq!(
-        tree.get_value().to_json(),
-        r#"{"roots":[{"parent":null,"meta":{"Container":{"Normal":{"peer":1,"counter":0,"container_type":"Map"}}},"id":"{\"peer\":1,\"counter\":0}","children":[{"parent":"{\"peer\":1,\"counter\":0}","meta":{"Container":{"Normal":{"peer":1,"counter":1,"container_type":"Map"}}},"id":"{\"peer\":1,\"counter\":1}","children":[{"parent":"{\"peer\":1,\"counter\":1}","meta":{"Container":{"Normal":{"peer":1,"counter":2,"container_type":"Map"}}},"id":"{\"peer\":1,\"counter\":2}","children":[]}]}]}]}"#
+        serde_json::to_value(tree.get_deep_value())
+            .unwrap()
+            .get("roots"),
+        serde_json::to_value(v2_state).unwrap().get("roots")
     );
     doc_a.checkout(&v3).unwrap();
     assert_eq!(
-        tree.get_value().to_json(),
-        r#"{"roots":[{"parent":null,"meta":{"Container":{"Normal":{"peer":1,"counter":0,"container_type":"Map"}}},"id":"{\"peer\":1,\"counter\":0}","children":[]}]}"#
+        serde_json::to_value(tree.get_deep_value())
+            .unwrap()
+            .get("roots"),
+        serde_json::to_value(v3_state).unwrap().get("roots")
     );
 }

From 6a6a44e0a7796d1bcde4c6db98df5d3e3b814e73 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zixuan Chen <remch183@outlook.com>
Date: Fri, 13 Oct 2023 11:24:28 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 081/111] refactor: diff of text and map

---
 crates/loro-internal/src/delta.rs      |  2 ++
 crates/loro-internal/src/delta/text.rs | 34 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs      |  7 ++----
 crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs      | 22 ++---------------
 4 files changed, 40 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 crates/loro-internal/src/delta/text.rs

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/delta.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta.rs
index 81d99efa7..5c3ebe218 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/delta.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta.rs
@@ -4,3 +4,5 @@ mod map;
 pub use map::{MapDiff, ValuePair};
 mod map_delta;
 pub use map_delta::{MapDelta, MapValue};
+mod text;
+pub use text::{StyleMeta, StyleMetaItem};
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/text.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/text.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dbe9600ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/text.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+use loro_common::LoroValue;
+
+use crate::InternalString;
+
+use super::Meta;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Serialize)]
+pub struct StyleMetaItem {
+    pub style_key: InternalString,
+    pub value: LoroValue,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Serialize)]
+pub struct StyleMeta {
+    pub vec: Vec<StyleMetaItem>,
+}
+
+impl Meta for StyleMeta {
+    fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+        self.vec.is_empty()
+    }
+
+    fn compose(&mut self, other: &Self, type_pair: (super::DeltaType, super::DeltaType)) {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
+
+    fn is_mergeable(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        true
+    }
+
+    fn merge(&mut self, other: &Self) {
+        self.vec.extend_from_slice(&other.vec)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs
index 574c25e43..2e18b1c0d 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use smallvec::SmallVec;
 
 use crate::{
     container::richtext::richtext_state::RichtextStateChunk,
-    delta::{Delta, MapDelta, MapDiff},
+    delta::{Delta, MapDelta, MapDiff, StyleMeta},
     op::SliceRanges,
     InternalString, LoroValue,
 };
@@ -133,9 +133,7 @@ pub enum Diff {
     SeqRaw(Delta<SliceRanges>),
     /// This always uses entity indexes.
     RichtextRaw(Delta<RichtextStateChunk>),
-    Text(Delta<String>),
-    /// @deprecated
-    Map(MapDiff<LoroValue>),
+    Text(Delta<String, StyleMeta>),
     NewMap(MapDelta),
 }
 
@@ -146,7 +144,6 @@ impl Diff {
             (Diff::List(a), Diff::List(b)) => Ok(Diff::List(a.compose(b))),
             (Diff::SeqRaw(a), Diff::SeqRaw(b)) => Ok(Diff::SeqRaw(a.compose(b))),
             (Diff::Text(a), Diff::Text(b)) => Ok(Diff::Text(a.compose(b))),
-            (Diff::Map(a), Diff::Map(b)) => Ok(Diff::Map(a.compose(b))),
             (Diff::NewMap(a), Diff::NewMap(b)) => Ok(Diff::NewMap(a.compose(b))),
             (a, _) => Err(a),
         }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
index 029df84b7..691fbb3c3 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
@@ -103,18 +103,6 @@ impl ApplyDiff for LoroValue {
             LoroValue::Map(map) => {
                 for item in diff.iter() {
                     match item {
-                        Diff::Map(diff) => {
-                            let map = Arc::make_mut(map);
-                            for v in diff.added.iter() {
-                                map.insert(v.0.to_string(), unresolved_to_collection(v.1));
-                            }
-                            for (k, _) in diff.deleted.iter() {
-                                map.remove(k.as_ref());
-                            }
-                            for (key, value) in diff.updated.iter() {
-                                map.insert(key.to_string(), unresolved_to_collection(&value.new));
-                            }
-                        }
                         Diff::NewMap(diff) => {
                             let map = Arc::make_mut(map);
                             for (key, value) in diff.updated.iter() {
@@ -149,7 +137,6 @@ impl ApplyDiff for LoroValue {
         let hint = match diff[0] {
             Diff::List(_) => TypeHint::List,
             Diff::Text(_) => TypeHint::Text,
-            Diff::Map(_) => TypeHint::Map,
             Diff::NewMap(_) => TypeHint::Map,
             Diff::SeqRaw(_) => TypeHint::Text,
             Diff::RichtextRaw(_) => TypeHint::Richtext,
@@ -296,17 +283,12 @@ pub mod wasm {
                     )
                     .unwrap();
                     // set diff as array
-                    js_sys::Reflect::set(&obj, &JsValue::from_str("diff"), &text.into()).unwrap();
-                }
-                Diff::Map(map) => {
                     js_sys::Reflect::set(
                         &obj,
-                        &JsValue::from_str("type"),
-                        &JsValue::from_str("map"),
+                        &JsValue::from_str("diff"),
+                        &serde_wasm_bindgen::to_value(&text).unwrap(),
                     )
                     .unwrap();
-
-                    js_sys::Reflect::set(&obj, &JsValue::from_str("diff"), &map.into()).unwrap();
                 }
                 Diff::NewMap(map) => {
                     js_sys::Reflect::set(

From 21b988bde1a4cb0d43d390890dbd880b6fc2b504 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zixuan Chen <remch183@outlook.com>
Date: Fri, 13 Oct 2023 12:46:19 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 082/111] refactor: del span

---
 .../src/container/list/list_op.rs             |  80 +++++-----
 .../src/encoding/encode_changes.rs            |   9 +-
 .../src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs           |   4 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs           |   6 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/op/content.rs        |   5 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs   |   2 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs             |  21 ++-
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs  |   2 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs               | 137 ++++++++++++------
 9 files changed, 161 insertions(+), 105 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/list/list_op.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/list/list_op.rs
index fd8f9171e..8bb430c06 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/list/list_op.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/list/list_op.rs
@@ -48,25 +48,12 @@ pub enum InnerListOp {
     StyleEnd,
 }
 
-/// `len` can be negative so that we can merge text deletions efficiently.
-/// It looks like [crate::span::CounterSpan], but how should they merge ([Mergable] impl) and slice ([Sliceable] impl) are very different
-///
-/// len cannot be zero;
-///
-/// pos: 5, len: -3 eq a range of (2, 5]
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
-// Note: It will be encoded into binary format, so the order of its fields should not be changed.
-pub struct DeleteSpan {
-    pub pos: isize,
-    pub len: isize,
-}
-
 impl<'a> ListOp<'a> {
     pub fn new_del(pos: usize, len: usize) -> Self {
         assert!(len != 0);
         Self::Delete(DeleteSpan {
             pos: pos as isize,
-            len: len as isize,
+            signed_len: len as isize,
         })
     }
 }
@@ -76,7 +63,7 @@ impl InnerListOp {
         assert!(len != 0);
         Self::Delete(DeleteSpan {
             pos: pos as isize,
-            len,
+            signed_len: len,
         })
     }
 
@@ -90,29 +77,45 @@ impl InnerListOp {
 
 impl HasLength for DeleteSpan {
     fn content_len(&self) -> usize {
-        self.len.unsigned_abs()
+        self.signed_len.unsigned_abs()
     }
 }
 
+/// `len` can be negative so that we can merge text deletions efficiently.
+/// It looks like [crate::span::CounterSpan], but how should they merge ([Mergable] impl) and slice ([Sliceable] impl) are very different
+///
+/// len cannot be zero;
+///
+/// pos: 5, len: -3 eq a range of (2, 5]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+// Note: It will be encoded into binary format, so the order of its fields should not be changed.
+pub struct DeleteSpan {
+    pub pos: isize,
+    pub signed_len: isize,
+}
+
 impl DeleteSpan {
     pub fn new(pos: isize, len: isize) -> Self {
         debug_assert!(len != 0);
-        Self { pos, len }
+        Self {
+            pos,
+            signed_len: len,
+        }
     }
 
     #[inline(always)]
     pub fn start(&self) -> isize {
-        if self.len > 0 {
+        if self.signed_len > 0 {
             self.pos
         } else {
-            self.pos + 1 + self.len
+            self.pos + 1 + self.signed_len
         }
     }
 
     #[inline(always)]
     pub fn last(&self) -> isize {
-        if self.len > 0 {
-            self.pos + self.len - 1
+        if self.signed_len > 0 {
+            self.pos + self.signed_len - 1
         } else {
             self.pos
         }
@@ -120,8 +123,8 @@ impl DeleteSpan {
 
     #[inline(always)]
     pub fn end(&self) -> isize {
-        if self.len > 0 {
-            self.pos + self.len
+        if self.signed_len > 0 {
+            self.pos + self.signed_len
         } else {
             self.pos + 1
         }
@@ -134,17 +137,17 @@ impl DeleteSpan {
 
     #[inline(always)]
     pub fn bidirectional(&self) -> bool {
-        self.len.abs() == 1
+        self.signed_len.abs() == 1
     }
 
     #[inline(always)]
     pub fn is_reversed(&self) -> bool {
-        self.len < 0
+        self.signed_len < 0
     }
 
     #[inline(always)]
     pub fn direction(&self) -> isize {
-        if self.len > 0 {
+        if self.signed_len > 0 {
             1
         } else {
             -1
@@ -153,7 +156,7 @@ impl DeleteSpan {
 
     #[inline(always)]
     pub fn next_pos(&self) -> isize {
-        if self.len > 0 {
+        if self.signed_len > 0 {
             self.start()
         } else {
             self.start() - 1
@@ -162,12 +165,16 @@ impl DeleteSpan {
 
     #[inline(always)]
     pub fn prev_pos(&self) -> isize {
-        if self.len > 0 {
+        if self.signed_len > 0 {
             self.pos
         } else {
             self.end()
         }
     }
+
+    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.signed_len.unsigned_abs()
+    }
 }
 
 impl Mergable for DeleteSpan {
@@ -190,24 +197,24 @@ impl Mergable for DeleteSpan {
         match (self.bidirectional(), other.bidirectional()) {
             (true, true) => {
                 if self.pos == other.pos {
-                    self.len = 2;
+                    self.signed_len = 2;
                 } else if self.pos == other.pos + 1 {
-                    self.len = -2;
+                    self.signed_len = -2;
                 } else {
                     unreachable!()
                 }
             }
             (true, false) => {
                 assert!(self.pos == other.prev_pos());
-                self.len = other.len + other.direction();
+                self.signed_len = other.signed_len + other.direction();
             }
             (false, true) => {
                 assert!(self.next_pos() == other.pos);
-                self.len += self.direction();
+                self.signed_len += self.direction();
             }
             (false, false) => {
                 assert!(self.next_pos() == other.pos && self.direction() == other.direction());
-                self.len += other.len;
+                self.signed_len += other.signed_len;
             }
         }
     }
@@ -215,7 +222,7 @@ impl Mergable for DeleteSpan {
 
 impl Sliceable for DeleteSpan {
     fn slice(&self, from: usize, to: usize) -> Self {
-        if self.len > 0 {
+        if self.signed_len > 0 {
             Self::new(self.pos, to as isize - from as isize)
         } else {
             Self::new(self.pos - from as isize, from as isize - to as isize)
@@ -381,7 +388,10 @@ mod test {
             list_op
         );
 
-        let delete_span = DeleteSpan { pos: 0, len: 3 };
+        let delete_span = DeleteSpan {
+            pos: 0,
+            signed_len: 3,
+        };
         let delete_span_buf = vec![0, 6];
         assert_eq!(
             postcard::from_bytes::<DeleteSpan>(&delete_span_buf).unwrap(),
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs
index 01f14e16e..68bef962e 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs
@@ -176,9 +176,10 @@ pub(super) fn encode_oplog_changes(oplog: &OpLog, vv: &VersionVector) -> Vec<u8>
                                 } => LoroValue::String(Arc::new(str.to_string())),
                             }),
                         ),
-                        ListOp::Delete(span) => {
-                            (span.pos as usize, Some(LoroValue::I32(span.len as i32)))
-                        }
+                        ListOp::Delete(span) => (
+                            span.pos as usize,
+                            Some(LoroValue::I32(span.signed_len as i32)),
+                        ),
                         ListOp::StyleStart {
                             start,
                             end,
@@ -280,7 +281,7 @@ pub(super) fn decode_changes_to_inner_format_oplog(
                         let list_op = match value {
                             LoroValue::I32(len) => ListOp::Delete(DeleteSpan {
                                 pos: pos as isize,
-                                len: len as isize,
+                                signed_len: len as isize,
                             }),
                             _ => {
                                 let slice = match value {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs
index adf610073..259945890 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ pub fn encode_oplog_v2(oplog: &OpLog, vv: &VersionVector) -> Vec<u8> {
                         }
                         ListOp::Delete(span) => {
                             // span.len maybe negative
-                            (span.pos as usize, true, span.len)
+                            (span.pos as usize, true, span.signed_len)
                         }
                         ListOp::StyleStart {
                             start,
@@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ pub fn decode_oplog_v2(oplog: &mut OpLog, input: &[u8]) -> Result<(), LoroError>
                         if is_del {
                             RawOpContent::List(ListOp::Delete(DeleteSpan {
                                 pos: pos as isize,
-                                len: insert_del_len,
+                                signed_len: insert_del_len,
                             }))
                         } else {
                             match container_type {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
index 02546ecd8..b2bc29b23 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ impl TextHandler {
                 self.container_idx,
                 crate::op::RawOpContent::List(ListOp::Delete(DeleteSpan {
                     pos: range.start as isize,
-                    len: (range.end - range.start) as isize,
+                    signed_len: (range.end - range.start) as isize,
                 })),
                 None,
                 &self.state,
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ impl TextHandler {
                 self.container_idx,
                 crate::op::RawOpContent::List(ListOp::Delete(DeleteSpan {
                     pos: range.start as isize,
-                    len: (range.end - range.start) as isize,
+                    signed_len: (range.end - range.start) as isize,
                 })),
                 None,
                 &self.state,
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ impl ListHandler {
             self.container_idx,
             crate::op::RawOpContent::List(ListOp::Delete(DeleteSpan {
                 pos: pos as isize,
-                len: len as isize,
+                signed_len: len as isize,
             })),
             None,
             &self.state,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/op/content.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/op/content.rs
index 44f55d8d3..67b545a61 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/op/content.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/op/content.rs
@@ -207,7 +207,10 @@ mod test {
     #[test]
     fn fix_fields_order() {
         let remote_content = vec![
-            RawOpContent::List(ListOp::Delete(DeleteSpan { pos: 0, len: 1 })),
+            RawOpContent::List(ListOp::Delete(DeleteSpan {
+                pos: 0,
+                signed_len: 1,
+            })),
             RawOpContent::Map(MapSet {
                 key: "a".to_string().into(),
                 value: Some("b".to_string().into()),
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
index ef80ef179..cba6d7d2e 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
@@ -729,7 +729,7 @@ fn encode_oplog(oplog: &OpLog, state_ref: Option<PreEncodedState>) -> FinalPhase
                         encoded_ops.push(EncodedSnapshotOp::from(
                             SnapshotOp::TextOrListDelete {
                                 pos: del.pos as usize,
-                                len: del.len,
+                                len: del.signed_len,
                             },
                             op.container.to_index(),
                         ));
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
index ac4bb890a..adc348411 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use loro_common::{ContainerID, LoroResult};
 use crate::{
     configure::{DefaultRandom, SecureRandomGenerator},
     container::{idx::ContainerIdx, ContainerIdRaw},
-    delta::{Delta, DeltaItem},
+    delta::{Delta, DeltaItem, StyleMeta},
     event::InternalContainerDiff,
     event::{Diff, Index},
     fx_map,
@@ -635,15 +635,10 @@ impl DocState {
 
     /// convert seq raw to text/list
     pub(crate) fn convert_raw(&self, diff: &mut Diff, idx: ContainerIdx) {
-        let seq = match diff {
-            Diff::SeqRaw(seq) => seq,
-            _ => return,
-        };
-
-        match idx.get_type() {
-            ContainerType::List => {
+        match diff {
+            Diff::SeqRaw(seq) => {
+                assert_eq!(idx.get_type(), ContainerType::List);
                 let mut list: Delta<Vec<LoroValue>> = Delta::new();
-
                 for span in seq.iter() {
                     match span {
                         DeltaItem::Retain { len, .. } => {
@@ -665,9 +660,11 @@ impl DocState {
                 }
                 *diff = Diff::List(list);
             }
-            ContainerType::Map => unreachable!(),
-            ContainerType::Text => unimplemented!(),
-        }
+            Diff::RichtextRaw(seq) => {
+                unreachable!()
+            }
+            _ => {}
+        };
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs
index d5f34bce2..1331f6b70 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs
@@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ impl ContainerState for ListState {
                     _ => unreachable!(),
                 },
                 crate::container::list::list_op::ListOp::Delete(del) => {
-                    self.delete_range(del.pos as usize..del.pos as usize + del.len as usize);
+                    self.delete_range(del.pos as usize..del.pos as usize + del.signed_len as usize);
                 }
                 crate::container::list::list_op::ListOp::StyleStart { .. } => unreachable!(),
                 crate::container::list::list_op::ListOp::StyleEnd { .. } => unreachable!(),
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
index f1255030a..c68687f3b 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,12 @@ use smallvec::smallvec;
 
 use crate::{
     change::{get_sys_timestamp, Change, Lamport, Timestamp},
-    container::{idx::ContainerIdx, list::list_op::InnerListOp, IntoContainerId},
+    container::{
+        idx::ContainerIdx,
+        list::list_op::InnerListOp,
+        richtext::{richtext_state::RichtextStateChunk, AnchorType, StyleOp},
+        IntoContainerId,
+    },
     delta::{Delta, MapValue},
     event::Diff,
     handler::TextHandler,
@@ -297,60 +302,100 @@ fn change_to_diff(
     let mut diff = Vec::with_capacity(change.ops.len());
     let peer = change.id.peer;
     let mut lamport = change.lamport;
+    let mut style_op = None;
     for op in change.ops.iter() {
         let counter = op.counter;
-        let diff_op = if let Some(hint) = event_hints.get(&counter) {
-            match hint {
-                EventHint::Utf16 { pos, len } => {
-                    // only use utf16 pos & len in wasm context
-                    assert!(cfg!(feature = "wasm"));
-                    todo!()
+        let diff_op =
+            if let Some(hint) = event_hints.get(&counter) {
+                match hint {
+                    EventHint::Utf16 { pos, len } => {
+                        // only use utf16 pos & len in wasm context
+                        assert!(cfg!(feature = "wasm"));
+                        todo!()
+                    }
                 }
-            }
-        } else {
-            InternalContainerDiff {
-                idx: op.container,
-                diff: match &op.content {
-                    crate::op::InnerContent::List(list) => match list {
-                        InnerListOp::Insert { slice, pos } => Diff::SeqRaw(
-                            Delta::new()
-                                .retain(*pos)
-                                .insert(SliceRanges(smallvec![slice.clone()])),
-                        ),
-                        InnerListOp::Delete(del) => Diff::SeqRaw(
-                            Delta::new()
-                                .retain(del.pos as usize)
-                                .delete(del.len as usize),
-                        ),
-                        InnerListOp::StyleStart {
-                            start,
-                            end,
-                            key,
-                            info,
-                        } => unimplemented!(),
-                        InnerListOp::StyleEnd => unimplemented!(),
+            } else {
+                InternalContainerDiff {
+                    idx: op.container,
+                    diff: match &op.container.get_type() {
+                        ContainerType::Text => {
+                            let list = op.content.as_list().unwrap();
+                            match list {
+                                InnerListOp::Insert { slice, pos } => {
+                                    Diff::RichtextRaw(Delta::new().retain(*pos).insert(
+                                        RichtextStateChunk::new_text(arena.slice_by_unicode(
+                                            slice.0.start as usize..slice.0.end as usize,
+                                        )),
+                                    ))
+                                }
+                                InnerListOp::Delete(del) => Diff::RichtextRaw(
+                                    Delta::new().retain(del.start() as usize).delete(del.len()),
+                                ),
+                                InnerListOp::StyleStart {
+                                    start,
+                                    end,
+                                    key,
+                                    info,
+                                } => {
+                                    let new_style = Arc::new(StyleOp {
+                                        lamport,
+                                        peer,
+                                        cnt: op.counter,
+                                        key: key.clone(),
+                                        info: *info,
+                                    });
+                                    style_op = Some((new_style.clone(), *end));
+                                    Diff::RichtextRaw(Delta::new().retain(*start as usize).insert(
+                                        RichtextStateChunk::new_style(new_style, AnchorType::Start),
+                                    ))
+                                }
+                                InnerListOp::StyleEnd => {
+                                    let (style, pos) = style_op.take().unwrap();
+                                    Diff::RichtextRaw(Delta::new().retain(pos as usize).insert(
+                                        RichtextStateChunk::new_style(style, AnchorType::End),
+                                    ))
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                        ContainerType::Map => {
+                            let map = op.content.as_map().unwrap();
+                            let value = map.value.and_then(|v| arena.get_value(v as usize));
+                            let mut updated: FxHashMap<_, _> = Default::default();
+                            updated.insert(
+                                map.key.clone(),
+                                MapValue {
+                                    counter,
+                                    value,
+                                    lamport: (lamport, peer),
+                                },
+                            );
+                            Diff::NewMap(crate::delta::MapDelta { updated })
+                        }
+                        ContainerType::List => {
+                            let list = op.content.as_list().unwrap();
+                            match list {
+                                InnerListOp::Insert { slice, pos } => Diff::SeqRaw(
+                                    Delta::new()
+                                        .retain(*pos)
+                                        .insert(SliceRanges(smallvec![slice.clone()])),
+                                ),
+                                InnerListOp::Delete(del) => Diff::SeqRaw(
+                                    Delta::new()
+                                        .retain(del.pos as usize)
+                                        .delete(del.signed_len as usize),
+                                ),
+                                _ => unreachable!(),
+                            }
+                        }
                     },
-                    crate::op::InnerContent::Map(map) => {
-                        let value = map.value.map(|v| arena.get_value(v as usize)).flatten();
-                        let mut updated: FxHashMap<_, _> = Default::default();
-                        updated.insert(
-                            map.key.clone(),
-                            MapValue {
-                                counter,
-                                value,
-                                lamport: (lamport, peer),
-                            },
-                        );
-                        Diff::NewMap(crate::delta::MapDelta { updated })
-                    }
-                },
-            }
-        };
+                }
+            };
 
         lamport += op.content_len() as Lamport;
         diff.push(diff_op);
     }
 
+    debug_assert!(style_op.is_none(), "style op should be closed");
     debug_dbg!(&diff);
     diff
 }

From a2baa74d905ede0a75e7d66385f28139396353f9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 13 Oct 2023 16:36:50 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 083/111] perf: tree state use deleted cache

---
 crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs         |   9 -
 crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs    |   2 +-
 .../src/encoding/encode_changes.rs            |  26 --
 crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs             |   4 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs         | 222 +-----------------
 crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs             |   1 -
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs  | 155 +++++++-----
 7 files changed, 96 insertions(+), 323 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
index b5492df8c..ae1e3c0ac 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
@@ -459,15 +459,6 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for TextDiffCalculator {
 #[derive(Debug, Default)]
 struct TreeDiffCalculator;
 
-// #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
-// pub(super) struct CompactTreeNode {
-//     pub(super) lamport: Lamport,
-//     pub(super) peer: PeerID,
-//     pub(super) counter: Counter,
-//     pub(super) target: TreeID,
-//     pub(super) parent: Option<TreeID>,
-// }
-
 impl TreeDiffCalculator {
     fn get_min_lamport_by_frontiers(&self, frontiers: &Frontiers, oplog: &OpLog) -> Lamport {
         frontiers
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs
index e1186b004..5ac32119a 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ impl TreeDiffCache {
         self.current_version = vv.clone();
     }
 
-    // return true if it can be effected
+    /// return true if it can be effected
     fn apply(&mut self, mut node: MoveLamportAndID) -> bool {
         let mut ans = true;
         if node.parent.is_some() && self.is_ancestor_of(node.target, node.parent.unwrap()) {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs
index fa67b0bd5..75fb44b24 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_changes.rs
@@ -67,32 +67,6 @@ pub(super) struct DepsEncoding {
 }
 
 type TreeIDEncoding = DepsEncoding;
-// #[columnar(vec, ser, de)]
-// #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
-// pub(super) struct TreeIDEncoding {
-//     #[columnar(strategy = "Rle")]
-//     peer: PeerID,
-//     #[columnar(strategy = "DeltaRle")]
-//     counter: Counter,
-// }
-
-// impl From<TreeID> for TreeIDEncoding {
-//     fn from(value: TreeID) -> Self {
-//         Self {
-//             peer: value.peer,
-//             counter: value.counter,
-//         }
-//     }
-// }
-
-// impl From<TreeIDEncoding> for TreeID {
-//     fn from(value: TreeIDEncoding) -> Self {
-//         Self {
-//             peer: value.peer,
-//             counter: value.counter,
-//         }
-//     }
-// }
 
 impl DepsEncoding {
     pub(super) fn new(client_idx: ClientIdx, counter: Counter) -> Self {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs
index 96130833c..59b8efed9 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs
@@ -148,8 +148,8 @@ impl Diff {
             (Diff::Text(a), Diff::Text(b)) => Ok(Diff::Text(a.compose(b))),
             (Diff::Map(a), Diff::Map(b)) => Ok(Diff::Map(a.compose(b))),
             (Diff::NewMap(a), Diff::NewMap(b)) => Ok(Diff::NewMap(a.compose(b))),
-            // TODO: tree
-            (Diff::Tree(_), Diff::Tree(_)) => todo!(),
+
+            (Diff::Tree(a), Diff::Tree(b)) => Ok(Diff::Tree(a.compose(b))),
             (a, _) => Err(a),
         }
     }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs
index 7d61118e1..479511582 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs
@@ -24,25 +24,6 @@ use crate::{
 
 #[derive(Arbitrary, EnumAsInner, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
 pub enum Action {
-    // Map {
-    //     site: u8,
-    //     container_idx: u8,
-    //     key: u8,
-    //     value: FuzzValue,
-    // },
-    // List {
-    //     site: u8,
-    //     container_idx: u8,
-    //     key: u8,
-    //     value: FuzzValue,
-    // },
-    // Text {
-    //     site: u8,
-    //     container_idx: u8,
-    //     pos: u8,
-    //     value: u16,
-    //     is_del: bool,
-    // },
     Tree {
         site: u8,
         container_idx: u8,
@@ -294,43 +275,6 @@ impl Tabled for Action {
                 "".into(),
             ],
             Action::SyncAll => vec!["sync all".into(), "".into(), "".into(), "".into()],
-            // Action::Map {
-            //     site,
-            //     container_idx,
-            //     key,
-            //     value,
-            // } => vec![
-            //     "map".into(),
-            //     format!("{}", site).into(),
-            //     format!("{}", container_idx).into(),
-            //     format!("{}", key).into(),
-            //     format!("{:?}", value).into(),
-            // ],
-            // Action::List {
-            //     site,
-            //     container_idx,
-            //     key,
-            //     value,
-            // } => vec![
-            //     "list".into(),
-            //     format!("{}", site).into(),
-            //     format!("{}", container_idx).into(),
-            //     format!("{}", key).into(),
-            //     format!("{:?}", value).into(),
-            // ],
-            // Action::Text {
-            //     site,
-            //     container_idx,
-            //     pos,
-            //     value,
-            //     is_del,
-            // } => vec![
-            //     "text".into(),
-            //     format!("{}", site).into(),
-            //     format!("{}", container_idx).into(),
-            //     format!("{}", pos).into(),
-            //     format!("{}{}", if *is_del { "Delete " } else { "" }, value).into(),
-            // ],
             Action::Tree {
                 site,
                 container_idx,
@@ -473,61 +417,7 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<Actor> {
                     *parent_counter = 0;
                     *action = TreeAction::Create;
                 }
-            } // Action::Map {
-              //     site,
-              //     container_idx,
-              //     ..
-              // } => {
-              //     *site %= max_users;
-              //     *container_idx %= self[*site as usize].map_containers.len().max(1) as u8;
-              // }
-              // Action::List {
-              //     site,
-              //     container_idx,
-              //     key,
-              //     value,
-              // } => {
-              //     *site %= max_users;
-              //     *container_idx %= self[*site as usize].list_containers.len().max(1) as u8;
-              //     if let Some(list) = self[*site as usize]
-              //         .list_containers
-              //         .get(*container_idx as usize)
-              //     {
-              //         *key %= (list.len() as u8).max(1);
-              //         if *value == FuzzValue::Null && list.is_empty() {
-              //             // no value, cannot delete
-              //             *value = FuzzValue::I32(1);
-              //         }
-              //     } else {
-              //         if *value == FuzzValue::Null {
-              //             *value = FuzzValue::I32(1);
-              //         }
-              //         *key = 0;
-              //     }
-              // }
-              // Action::Text {
-              //     site,
-              //     container_idx,
-              //     pos,
-              //     value,
-              //     is_del,
-              // } => {
-              //     *site %= max_users;
-              //     *container_idx %= self[*site as usize].text_containers.len().max(1) as u8;
-              //     if let Some(text) = self[*site as usize]
-              //         .text_containers
-              //         .get(*container_idx as usize)
-              //     {
-              //         *pos %= (text.len_unicode() as u8).max(1);
-              //         if *is_del {
-              //             *value &= 0x1f;
-              //             *value = (*value).min(text.len_unicode() as u16 - (*pos) as u16);
-              //         }
-              //     } else {
-              //         *is_del = false;
-              //         *pos = 0;
-              //     }
-              // }
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -690,115 +580,6 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<Actor> {
 
                 self[1].record_history();
             }
-            // Action::Map {
-            //     site,
-            //     container_idx,
-            //     key,
-            //     value,
-            // } => {
-            //     let actor = &mut self[*site as usize];
-            //     let container = actor.map_containers.get_mut(*container_idx as usize);
-            //     let container = if let Some(container) = container {
-            //         container
-            //     } else {
-            //         let map = actor.loro.get_map("map");
-            //         actor.map_containers.push(map);
-            //         &mut actor.map_containers[0]
-            //     };
-            //     let mut txn = actor.loro.txn().unwrap();
-            //     match value {
-            //         FuzzValue::Null => {
-            //             container.delete(&mut txn, &key.to_string()).unwrap();
-            //         }
-            //         FuzzValue::I32(i) => {
-            //             container
-            //                 .insert(&mut txn, &key.to_string(), LoroValue::from(*i))
-            //                 .unwrap();
-            //         }
-            //         FuzzValue::Container(c) => {
-            //             let idx = container
-            //                 .insert_container(&mut txn, &key.to_string(), *c)
-            //                 .unwrap()
-            //                 .container_idx();
-            //             actor.add_new_container(idx, *c);
-            //         }
-            //     };
-
-            //     txn.commit().unwrap();
-            //     if actor.peer == 1 {
-            //         actor.record_history();
-            //     }
-            // }
-            // Action::List {
-            //     site,
-            //     container_idx,
-            //     key,
-            //     value,
-            // } => {
-            //     let actor = &mut self[*site as usize];
-            //     let container = actor.list_containers.get_mut(*container_idx as usize);
-            //     let container = if container.is_none() {
-            //         let list = actor.loro.get_list("list");
-            //         actor.list_containers.push(list);
-            //         &mut actor.list_containers[0]
-            //     } else {
-            //         #[allow(clippy::unnecessary_unwrap)]
-            //         container.unwrap()
-            //     };
-            //     let mut txn = actor.loro.txn().unwrap();
-            //     match value {
-            //         FuzzValue::Null => {
-            //             container.delete(&mut txn, *key as usize, 1).unwrap();
-            //         }
-            //         FuzzValue::I32(i) => {
-            //             container
-            //                 .insert(&mut txn, *key as usize, LoroValue::from(*i))
-            //                 .unwrap();
-            //         }
-            //         FuzzValue::Container(c) => {
-            //             let idx = container
-            //                 .insert_container(&mut txn, *key as usize, *c)
-            //                 .unwrap()
-            //                 .container_idx();
-            //             actor.add_new_container(idx, *c);
-            //         }
-            //     };
-            //     txn.commit().unwrap();
-            //     if actor.peer == 1 {
-            //         actor.record_history();
-            //     }
-            // }
-            // Action::Text {
-            //     site,
-            //     container_idx,
-            //     pos,
-            //     value,
-            //     is_del,
-            // } => {
-            //     let actor = &mut self[*site as usize];
-            //     let container = actor.text_containers.get_mut(*container_idx as usize);
-            //     let container = if let Some(container) = container {
-            //         container
-            //     } else {
-            //         let text = actor.loro.get_text("text");
-            //         actor.text_containers.push(text);
-            //         &mut actor.text_containers[0]
-            //     };
-            //     let mut txn = actor.loro.txn().unwrap();
-            //     if *is_del {
-            //         container
-            //             .delete(&mut txn, *pos as usize, *value as usize)
-            //             .unwrap();
-            //     } else {
-            //         container
-            //             .insert(&mut txn, *pos as usize, &(format!("[{}]", value)))
-            //             .unwrap();
-            //     }
-            //     drop(txn);
-            //     if actor.peer == 1 {
-            //         actor.record_history();
-            //     }
-            // }
             Action::Tree {
                 site,
                 container_idx,
@@ -835,7 +616,6 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<Actor> {
                         ) {
                             Ok(_) => {}
                             Err(err) => {
-                                // TODO: cycle move
                                 if !matches!(
                                     err,
                                     LoroError::TreeError(LoroTreeError::CyclicMoveError)
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
index aada5e954..3a61ab881 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
@@ -329,7 +329,6 @@ impl DocState {
                 self.arena.set_parent(child_idx, Some(*idx));
             }
         }
-
         if self.is_recording() {
             self.record_diff(InternalDocDiff {
                 origin: Default::default(),
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
index c944a2af1..13e38d60c 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ use super::ContainerState;
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct TreeState {
     pub(crate) trees: FxHashMap<TreeID, Option<TreeID>>,
+    pub(crate) deleted: FxHashSet<TreeID>,
     in_txn: bool,
     undo_items: Vec<TreeUndoItem>,
 }
@@ -39,35 +40,25 @@ impl TreeState {
     pub fn new() -> Self {
         let mut trees = FxHashMap::default();
         trees.insert(TreeID::delete_root().unwrap(), None);
+        let mut deleted = FxHashSet::default();
+        deleted.insert(TreeID::delete_root().unwrap());
         Self {
             trees,
+            deleted,
             in_txn: false,
             undo_items: Vec::new(),
         }
     }
 
     pub fn mov(&mut self, target: TreeID, parent: Option<TreeID>) -> Result<(), LoroError> {
-        // let mut deleted = false;
-        let mut contained = false;
-
-        if let Some(_old_parent) = self.trees.get_mut(&target) {
-            contained = true;
-            // if TreeID::is_deleted(*old_parent) {
-            //     deleted = true;
-            // }
-        }
-
         let Some(parent) = parent else{
-            // if deleted{
-            //     // the node exists but is deleted, now want to create it.
-            //     // keep the deleted state
-            //     return Ok(());
-            // }
             // new root node
-            self.trees.insert(target, None);
+            let old_parent  = self.trees.insert(target, None);
+            self.update_deleted_cache(target, None, old_parent);
             if self.in_txn {
                 self.undo_items.push(TreeUndoItem {
                     target,
+                    // TODO: use UnExistRoot?
                     old_parent: TreeID::delete_root(),
                 })
             }
@@ -76,27 +67,22 @@ impl TreeState {
         if !self.contains(parent) {
             return Err(LoroTreeError::TreeNodeParentNotFound(parent).into());
         }
-        if contained {
-            if self.is_ancestor_of(&target, &parent) {
-                return Err(LoroTreeError::CyclicMoveError.into());
-            }
-            if *self.trees.get(&target).unwrap() == Some(parent) {
-                return Ok(());
-            }
-            // move or delete
-            let old_parent = self.trees.get_mut(&target).unwrap().replace(parent);
-            if self.in_txn {
-                self.undo_items.push(TreeUndoItem { target, old_parent })
-            }
-        } else {
-            // new children node
-            self.trees.insert(target, Some(parent));
-            if self.in_txn {
-                self.undo_items.push(TreeUndoItem {
-                    target,
-                    old_parent: TreeID::delete_root(),
-                })
-            }
+        if self.is_ancestor_of(&target, &parent) {
+            return Err(LoroTreeError::CyclicMoveError.into());
+        }
+        if *self.trees.get(&target).unwrap() == Some(parent) {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+        // move or delete or create children node
+        let old_parent = self.trees.insert(target, Some(parent));
+        self.update_deleted_cache(target, Some(parent), old_parent);
+
+        if self.in_txn {
+            self.undo_items.push(TreeUndoItem {
+                target,
+                // TODO: use UnExistRoot?
+                old_parent: old_parent.unwrap_or(TreeID::delete_root()),
+            })
         }
 
         Ok(())
@@ -104,6 +90,9 @@ impl TreeState {
 
     #[inline(never)]
     fn is_ancestor_of(&self, maybe_ancestor: &TreeID, node_id: &TreeID) -> bool {
+        if !self.trees.contains_key(maybe_ancestor) {
+            return false;
+        }
         if maybe_ancestor == node_id {
             return true;
         }
@@ -130,39 +119,65 @@ impl TreeState {
         if TreeID::is_deleted_root(Some(target)) {
             return true;
         }
-        !self.is_deleted(target)
+        !self.is_deleted(&target)
     }
 
     pub fn parent(&self, target: TreeID) -> Option<Option<TreeID>> {
-        if self.is_deleted(target) {
+        if self.is_deleted(&target) {
             None
         } else {
             self.trees.get(&target).copied()
         }
     }
 
-    // TODO: cache deleted
-    fn is_deleted(&self, mut target: TreeID) -> bool {
-        if !self.trees.contains_key(&target) || TreeID::is_deleted_root(Some(target)) {
-            return true;
+    /// Get the first-level children of the target node
+    pub fn children(&self, target: TreeID) -> Vec<TreeID> {
+        let mut ans = Vec::new();
+        for (t, parent) in self.trees.iter() {
+            if let Some(p) = parent {
+                if p == &target {
+                    ans.push(*t);
+                }
+            }
         }
+        ans
+    }
 
-        let mut deleted = FxHashSet::default();
-        deleted.insert(TreeID::delete_root().unwrap());
-        while let Some(parent) = self.trees.get(&target) {
-            let Some(parent) = parent else{return false;};
-            if deleted.contains(parent) {
-                return true;
+    fn is_deleted(&self, target: &TreeID) -> bool {
+        self.deleted.contains(target)
+    }
+
+    fn update_deleted_cache(
+        &mut self,
+        target: TreeID,
+        parent: Option<TreeID>,
+        old_parent: Option<Option<TreeID>>,
+    ) {
+        if parent.is_some() && self.is_deleted(&parent.unwrap()) {
+            self.update_deleted_cache_inner(target, true);
+        } else if let Some(old_parent) = old_parent.flatten() {
+            if self.is_deleted(&old_parent) {
+                self.update_deleted_cache_inner(target, false);
             }
-            target = *parent;
         }
-        false
+    }
+
+    fn update_deleted_cache_inner(&mut self, target: TreeID, set_children_deleted: bool) {
+        let mut s = self.children(target);
+        while let Some(child) = s.pop() {
+            if set_children_deleted {
+                self.deleted.insert(child);
+            } else {
+                self.deleted.remove(&child);
+            }
+            s.extend(self.children(child))
+        }
     }
 
     pub fn nodes(&self) -> Vec<TreeID> {
         self.trees
             .keys()
-            .filter(|&k| !self.is_deleted(*k))
+            .filter(|&k| !self.is_deleted(k))
             .copied()
             .collect::<Vec<_>>()
     }
@@ -171,7 +186,7 @@ impl TreeState {
     pub fn max_counter(&self) -> i32 {
         self.trees
             .keys()
-            .filter(|&k| !self.is_deleted(*k))
+            .filter(|&k| !self.is_deleted(k))
             .map(|k| k.counter)
             .max()
             .unwrap_or(0)
@@ -184,16 +199,14 @@ impl ContainerState for TreeState {
             // assert never cause cycle move
             for diff in tree.diff.iter() {
                 let target = diff.target;
-                match diff.action {
-                    TreeDiffItem::CreateOrRestore => {
-                        self.trees.insert(target, None);
-                    }
-                    TreeDiffItem::Move(parent) => {
-                        self.trees.insert(target, Some(parent));
-                    }
-                    TreeDiffItem::Delete => {
-                        self.trees.insert(target, TreeID::delete_root());
-                    }
+                let parent = match diff.action {
+                    TreeDiffItem::CreateOrRestore => None,
+                    TreeDiffItem::Move(parent) => Some(parent),
+                    TreeDiffItem::Delete => TreeID::delete_root(),
+                };
+                let old_parent = self.trees.insert(target, parent);
+                if Some(parent) != old_parent {
+                    self.update_deleted_cache(target, parent, old_parent);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -228,6 +241,22 @@ impl ContainerState for TreeState {
             diffs.push(diff);
             q.extend(node.children);
         }
+
+        let mut q = VecDeque::from(forest.deleted);
+        while let Some(node) = q.pop_front() {
+            let action = if let Some(parent) = node.parent {
+                TreeDiffItem::Move(parent)
+            } else {
+                unreachable!()
+            };
+            let diff = TreeDiff {
+                target: node.id,
+                action,
+            };
+            diffs.push(diff);
+            q.extend(node.children);
+        }
+
         Diff::Tree(TreeDelta { diff: diffs })
     }
 

From d19a092b1a8fc3ed78d1802a6ead038d99f0207c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 13 Oct 2023 17:44:16 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 084/111] fix: some details

---
 crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs       |  4 +--
 crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs        | 13 ++--------
 crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs   | 26 ++++++--------------
 crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs            | 13 ++++++++++
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs |  2 +-
 crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs                  | 21 +++++++---------
 loro-js/src/index.ts                         |  4 +--
 7 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 46 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs
index 1dbdd8b12..042e6a0ad 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs
@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@ impl From<(TreeID, Option<TreeID>)> for TreeDiff {
 }
 
 impl TreeDelta {
-    // TODO:
+    // TODO: cannot handle this for now
     pub(crate) fn compose(&self, _x: TreeDelta) -> TreeDelta {
-        todo!();
+        unimplemented!("tree compose")
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
index ae1e3c0ac..21abea67d 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
@@ -463,7 +463,7 @@ impl TreeDiffCalculator {
     fn get_min_lamport_by_frontiers(&self, frontiers: &Frontiers, oplog: &OpLog) -> Lamport {
         frontiers
             .iter()
-            .map(|id| oplog.get_change_at(*id).map(|c| c.lamport).unwrap())
+            .map(|id| oplog.get_min_lamport_at(*id))
             .min()
             .unwrap_or(0)
     }
@@ -471,16 +471,7 @@ impl TreeDiffCalculator {
     fn get_max_lamport_by_frontiers(&self, frontiers: &Frontiers, oplog: &OpLog) -> Lamport {
         frontiers
             .iter()
-            .map(|id| {
-                oplog
-                    .get_change_at(*id)
-                    .map(|c| {
-                        let change_counter = c.id.counter as u32;
-                        c.lamport + c.ops().last().map(|op| op.counter).unwrap_or(0) as u32
-                            - change_counter
-                    })
-                    .unwrap()
-            })
+            .map(|id| oplog.get_max_lamport_at(*id))
             .max()
             .unwrap_or(Lamport::MAX)
     }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs
index 5ac32119a..15ce5262d 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs
@@ -133,8 +133,7 @@ impl TreeDiffCache {
         to_max_lamport: Lamport,
         lca_min_lamport: Lamport,
     ) -> TreeDelta {
-        let debug = false;
-
+        debug_log::group!("tree calc diff");
         let mut diff = Vec::new();
         let revert_ops = self.retreat_for_diff(lca, lca_min_lamport);
         for (op, old_parent) in revert_ops.iter().sorted().rev() {
@@ -142,30 +141,21 @@ impl TreeDiffCache {
                 diff.push((op.target, *old_parent).into());
             }
         }
-        if debug {
-            println!("revert diff:");
-            for d in diff.iter() {
-                println!("    {:?}", d);
-            }
+        debug_log::debug_log!("revert diff:");
+        for d in diff.iter() {
+            debug_log::debug_log!("    {:?}", d);
         }
-
         let apply_ops = self.forward(to, to_max_lamport);
-        if debug {
-            println!("apply ops {:?}", apply_ops);
-        }
+        debug_log::debug_log!("apply ops {:?}", apply_ops);
         for op in apply_ops.into_iter() {
             let effected = self.apply(op);
             if effected {
-                if debug {
-                    println!("    target {:?} to {:?}", op.target, op.parent);
-                }
+                debug_log::debug_log!("    target {:?} to {:?}", op.target, op.parent);
+
                 diff.push((op.target, op.parent).into())
             }
         }
-        if debug {
-            println!("diff {:?}", diff);
-        }
-
+        debug_log::debug_log!("diff {:?}", diff);
         TreeDelta { diff }
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
index 076f083fa..c7d0338c4 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
@@ -360,6 +360,19 @@ impl OpLog {
         changes
     }
 
+    pub(crate) fn get_min_lamport_at(&self, id: ID) -> Lamport {
+        self.get_change_at(id).map(|c| c.lamport).unwrap_or(0)
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn get_max_lamport_at(&self, id: ID) -> Lamport {
+        self.get_change_at(id)
+            .map(|c| {
+                let change_counter = c.id.counter as u32;
+                c.lamport + c.ops().last().map(|op| op.counter).unwrap_or(0) as u32 - change_counter
+            })
+            .unwrap_or(Lamport::MAX)
+    }
+
     pub fn get_change_at(&self, id: ID) -> Option<&Change> {
         if let Some(peer_changes) = self.changes.get(&id.peer) {
             if let Some(result) = peer_changes.get_by_atom_index(id.counter) {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
index 13e38d60c..3b480c9f4 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ impl TreeState {
         if self.is_ancestor_of(&target, &parent) {
             return Err(LoroTreeError::CyclicMoveError.into());
         }
-        if *self.trees.get(&target).unwrap() == Some(parent) {
+        if self.trees.get(&target).copied().flatten() == Some(parent) {
             return Ok(());
         }
         // move or delete or create children node
diff --git a/crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs b/crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs
index 5f157fb49..4e03ded56 100644
--- a/crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs
@@ -686,21 +686,18 @@ pub struct LoroTree(TreeHandler);
 
 #[wasm_bindgen]
 impl LoroTree {
-    pub fn __txn_create(&mut self, txn: &mut Transaction) -> JsResult<JsTreeID> {
-        let id = self.0.create(txn.as_mut()?)?;
-        let js_id: JsValue = id.into();
-        Ok(js_id.into())
-    }
-
-    pub fn __txn_create_children(
+    pub fn __txn_create(
         &mut self,
         txn: &mut Transaction,
-        parent: JsTreeID,
+        parent: Option<JsTreeID>,
     ) -> JsResult<JsTreeID> {
-        let parent: JsValue = parent.into();
-        let id = self
-            .0
-            .create_and_mov(txn.as_mut()?, parent.try_into().unwrap())?;
+        let id = if let Some(p) = parent {
+            let parent: JsValue = p.into();
+            self.0
+                .create_and_mov(txn.as_mut()?, parent.try_into().unwrap())?
+        } else {
+            self.0.create(txn.as_mut()?)?
+        };
         let js_id: JsValue = id.into();
         Ok(js_id.into())
     }
diff --git a/loro-js/src/index.ts b/loro-js/src/index.ts
index 5326cbe8a..b5be3fce2 100644
--- a/loro-js/src/index.ts
+++ b/loro-js/src/index.ts
@@ -83,11 +83,11 @@ LoroMap.prototype.delete = function (txn, key) {
 };
 
 LoroTree.prototype.create = function(txn){
-  return this.__txn_create(txn);
+  return this.__txn_create(txn, undefined);
 }
 
 LoroTree.prototype.createChild = function(txn, id){
-  return this.__txn_create_children(txn, id)
+  return this.__txn_create(txn, id)
 }
 
 LoroTree.prototype.move = function(txn, target, parent){

From dc2b431390226616df543e20b9907a94a8bef4db Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 13 Oct 2023 19:45:31 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 085/111] fix: loro js tree create

---
 loro-js/src/index.ts       | 10 +++-------
 loro-js/tests/misc.test.ts |  2 +-
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/loro-js/src/index.ts b/loro-js/src/index.ts
index b5be3fce2..c1f73f880 100644
--- a/loro-js/src/index.ts
+++ b/loro-js/src/index.ts
@@ -82,13 +82,10 @@ LoroMap.prototype.delete = function (txn, key) {
   this.__txn_delete(txn, key);
 };
 
-LoroTree.prototype.create = function(txn){
-  return this.__txn_create(txn, undefined);
+LoroTree.prototype.create = function(txn, parent){
+  return this.__txn_create(txn, parent);
 }
 
-LoroTree.prototype.createChild = function(txn, id){
-  return this.__txn_create(txn, id)
-}
 
 LoroTree.prototype.move = function(txn, target, parent){
   this.__txn_move(txn, target, parent)
@@ -300,8 +297,7 @@ declare module "loro-wasm" {
   }
 
   interface LoroTree{
-    create(txn: Transaction): TreeID;
-    createChild(txn: Transaction, parent: TreeID): TreeID;
+    create(txn: Transaction, parent: TreeID | undefined): TreeID;
     delete(txn: Transaction, target: TreeID):void;
     move(txn: Transaction, target: TreeID, parent: TreeID):void;
     asRoot(txn: Transaction, target:TreeID):void;
diff --git a/loro-js/tests/misc.test.ts b/loro-js/tests/misc.test.ts
index 9af373bec..a38e17bd0 100644
--- a/loro-js/tests/misc.test.ts
+++ b/loro-js/tests/misc.test.ts
@@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ describe("tree", () => {
       return tree.create(txn);
     })
     const childID = loro.transact((txn)=>{
-      return tree.createChild(txn, id);
+      return tree.create(txn, id);
     })
     console.log(typeof id);
     

From 0333f0956cca93735088430d659758c3b7cff552 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 16 Oct 2023 11:32:04 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 086/111] feat: add un exist tree node

---
 .vscode/settings.json                        |  1 +
 crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs                | 21 +++++++++
 crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs       |  3 ++
 crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs   |  2 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs        | 48 ++++++++++++++++++--
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs | 34 +++++++++++---
 crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs            |  8 ++--
 7 files changed, 100 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.vscode/settings.json b/.vscode/settings.json
index 72a0d4580..d4cae471a 100644
--- a/.vscode/settings.json
+++ b/.vscode/settings.json
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
     "smstring",
     "thiserror",
     "txns",
+    "UNEXIST",
     "yspan"
   ],
   "rust-analyzer.runnableEnv": {
diff --git a/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs b/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
index 98f485947..e48c9b05c 100644
--- a/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
@@ -250,6 +250,18 @@ mod container {
     }
 }
 
+/// In movable tree, we use a specific [`TreeID`] to represent the root of **ALL** non-existent tree node.
+///
+/// When we create some tree node and then we checkout the previous vision, we need to delete it from the state.
+/// If the parent of node is [`UNEXIST_TREE_ROOT`], we could infer this node is first created and delete it from the state directly,
+/// instead of moving it to the [`DELETED_TREE_ROOT`].
+///
+/// This root only can be old parent of node.
+pub const UNEXIST_TREE_ROOT: Option<TreeID> = Some(TreeID {
+    peer: PeerID::MAX,
+    counter: Counter::MAX - 1,
+});
+
 /// In movable tree, we use a specific [`TreeID`] to represent the root of **ALL** deleted tree node.
 ///
 /// Deletion operation is equivalent to move target tree node to [`DELETED_TREE_ROOT`].
@@ -284,6 +296,15 @@ impl TreeID {
         target == DELETED_TREE_ROOT
     }
 
+    pub const fn unexist_root() -> Option<Self> {
+        UNEXIST_TREE_ROOT
+    }
+
+    /// return `true` if the `TreeID` is non-existent root
+    pub fn is_unexist_root(target: Option<TreeID>) -> bool {
+        target == UNEXIST_TREE_ROOT
+    }
+
     pub fn from_id(id: ID) -> Self {
         Self {
             peer: id.peer,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs
index 042e6a0ad..46869b503 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ pub enum TreeDiffItem {
     CreateOrRestore,
     Move(TreeID),
     Delete,
+    UnCreate,
 }
 
 impl From<(TreeID, Option<TreeID>)> for TreeDiff {
@@ -28,6 +29,8 @@ impl From<(TreeID, Option<TreeID>)> for TreeDiff {
         let action = if let Some(p) = parent {
             if TreeID::is_deleted_root(parent) {
                 TreeDiffItem::Delete
+            } else if TreeID::is_unexist_root(parent) {
+                TreeDiffItem::UnCreate
             } else {
                 TreeDiffItem::Move(p)
             }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs
index 15ce5262d..0851719d8 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc/tree.rs
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ impl TreeDiffCache {
         if TreeID::is_deleted_root(Some(tree_id)) {
             return None;
         }
-        let mut ans = TreeID::delete_root();
+        let mut ans = TreeID::unexist_root();
         for op in self.cache.get(&tree_id).unwrap().iter().rev() {
             if op.effected {
                 ans = op.parent;
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs
index 479511582..be1a7093a 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ impl Actor {
                             TreeDiffItem::Move(parent) => {
                                 tree.insert(target, Some(parent));
                             }
-                            TreeDiffItem::Delete => {
+                            TreeDiffItem::Delete | TreeDiffItem::UnCreate => {
                                 tree.insert(target, TreeID::delete_root());
                             }
                         }
@@ -674,8 +674,8 @@ fn assert_value_eq(a: &LoroValue, b: &LoroValue) {
                         m.is_empty() || {
                             m.get("roots")
                                 .is_some_and(|x| x.as_list().is_some_and(|l| l.is_empty()))
-                            // && m.get("deleted")
-                            //     .is_some_and(|x| x.as_list().is_some_and(|l| l.is_empty()))
+                                && m.get("deleted")
+                                    .is_some_and(|x| x.as_list().is_some_and(|l| l.is_empty()))
                         }
                     }
                     _ => false,
@@ -694,8 +694,8 @@ fn assert_value_eq(a: &LoroValue, b: &LoroValue) {
                         m.is_empty() || {
                             m.get("roots")
                                 .is_some_and(|x| x.as_list().is_some_and(|l| l.is_empty()))
-                            // && m.get("deleted")
-                            //     .is_some_and(|x| x.as_list().is_some_and(|l| l.is_empty()))
+                                && m.get("deleted")
+                                    .is_some_and(|x| x.as_list().is_some_and(|l| l.is_empty()))
                         }
                     }
                     _ => false,
@@ -803,6 +803,7 @@ fn check_history(actor: &mut Actor) {
                 assert_eq!(hv, av, "Version mismatched at {:?}, cnt={}", f, c);
             }
         }
+        // assert_eq!(v, &actual, "Version mismatched at {:?}, cnt={}", f, c);
     }
 }
 
@@ -890,6 +891,43 @@ mod failed_tests {
         )
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn tree_meta() {
+        test_multi_sites(
+            5,
+            &mut [
+                Tree {
+                    site: 255,
+                    container_idx: 255,
+                    action: TreeAction::Meta,
+                    target: (1297037105016282879, -65536),
+                    parent: (71810203921678335, 16842592),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 255,
+                    container_idx: 255,
+                    action: TreeAction::Create,
+                    target: (7523378309278230528, -1),
+                    parent: (7040879940371245160, -1634364121),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 97,
+                    container_idx: 68,
+                    action: TreeAction::Move,
+                    target: (2369443269732456, 2130710784),
+                    parent: (10995706711611801855, -32104),
+                },
+                Tree {
+                    site: 30,
+                    container_idx: 255,
+                    action: TreeAction::Meta,
+                    target: (280710472564735, -256),
+                    parent: (8584986789609525, -16777216),
+                },
+            ],
+        )
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn tree4() {
         test_multi_sites(
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
index 3b480c9f4..575244934 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ impl TreeState {
     pub fn new() -> Self {
         let mut trees = FxHashMap::default();
         trees.insert(TreeID::delete_root().unwrap(), None);
+        trees.insert(TreeID::unexist_root().unwrap(), None);
         let mut deleted = FxHashSet::default();
         deleted.insert(TreeID::delete_root().unwrap());
         Self {
@@ -58,8 +59,7 @@ impl TreeState {
             if self.in_txn {
                 self.undo_items.push(TreeUndoItem {
                     target,
-                    // TODO: use UnExistRoot?
-                    old_parent: TreeID::delete_root(),
+                    old_parent: TreeID::unexist_root(),
                 })
             }
             return Ok(());
@@ -80,8 +80,7 @@ impl TreeState {
         if self.in_txn {
             self.undo_items.push(TreeUndoItem {
                 target,
-                // TODO: use UnExistRoot?
-                old_parent: old_parent.unwrap_or(TreeID::delete_root()),
+                old_parent: old_parent.unwrap_or(TreeID::unexist_root()),
             })
         }
 
@@ -177,7 +176,7 @@ impl TreeState {
     pub fn nodes(&self) -> Vec<TreeID> {
         self.trees
             .keys()
-            .filter(|&k| !self.is_deleted(k))
+            .filter(|&k| !self.is_deleted(k) && !TreeID::is_unexist_root(Some(*k)))
             .copied()
             .collect::<Vec<_>>()
     }
@@ -186,7 +185,7 @@ impl TreeState {
     pub fn max_counter(&self) -> i32 {
         self.trees
             .keys()
-            .filter(|&k| !self.is_deleted(k))
+            .filter(|&k| !self.is_deleted(k) && !TreeID::is_unexist_root(Some(*k)))
             .map(|k| k.counter)
             .max()
             .unwrap_or(0)
@@ -203,6 +202,11 @@ impl ContainerState for TreeState {
                     TreeDiffItem::CreateOrRestore => None,
                     TreeDiffItem::Move(parent) => Some(parent),
                     TreeDiffItem::Delete => TreeID::delete_root(),
+                    TreeDiffItem::UnCreate => {
+                        // delete it from state
+                        self.trees.remove(&target);
+                        continue;
+                    }
                 };
                 let old_parent = self.trees.insert(target, parent);
                 if Some(parent) != old_parent {
@@ -268,7 +272,12 @@ impl ContainerState for TreeState {
         self.in_txn = false;
         while let Some(op) = self.undo_items.pop() {
             let TreeUndoItem { target, old_parent } = op;
-            self.mov(target, old_parent).unwrap();
+            if TreeID::is_unexist_root(old_parent) {
+                self.trees.remove(&target);
+            } else {
+                let parent = self.trees.insert(target, old_parent);
+                self.update_deleted_cache(target, old_parent, parent);
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -417,6 +426,9 @@ impl Forest {
             .map(|(id, _)| *id)
             .sorted()
         {
+            if root == TreeID::unexist_root().unwrap() {
+                continue;
+            }
             let mut stack = vec![(
                 root,
                 TreeNode {
@@ -512,6 +524,14 @@ impl Forest {
                     TreeDiffItem::Delete => {
                         state.insert(target, (TreeID::delete_root(), meta));
                     }
+                    TreeDiffItem::UnCreate => {
+                        // If fuzz test, un exist node move to delete,
+                        // Because it is necessary to record the meta created by these nodes before.
+                        #[cfg(feature = "test_utils")]
+                        state.insert(target, (TreeID::delete_root(), meta));
+                        #[cfg(not(feature = "test_utils"))]
+                        state.remove(&target);
+                    }
                 }
             }
         }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
index 4c095531c..c9a48c76d 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ impl ApplyDiff for LoroValue {
             Diff::SeqRawUtf16(_) => TypeHint::Text,
             Diff::Tree(_) => TypeHint::Tree,
         };
-        {
+        let value = {
             let mut hints = Vec::with_capacity(path.len());
             for item in path.iter().skip(1) {
                 match item {
@@ -210,8 +210,8 @@ impl ApplyDiff for LoroValue {
                 }
             }
             value
-        }
-        .apply_diff(diff);
+        };
+        value.apply_diff(diff);
     }
 }
 
@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ pub mod wasm {
         fn from(value: TreeDiffItem) -> Self {
             let obj = Object::new();
             match value {
-                TreeDiffItem::Delete => {
+                TreeDiffItem::Delete | TreeDiffItem::UnCreate => {
                     js_sys::Reflect::set(
                         &obj,
                         &JsValue::from_str("type"),

From 971c0d713fdc7a5c72f7c162ac6c1adbcc6ad069 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 16 Oct 2023 15:30:17 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 087/111] bench:  tree depth

---
 crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs        |  2 +-
 crates/loro-internal/benches/tree.rs | 30 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 2 files changed, 29 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs b/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
index e48c9b05c..04e26cfb9 100644
--- a/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ mod container {
     }
 }
 
-/// In movable tree, we use a specific [`TreeID`] to represent the root of **ALL** non-existent tree node.
+/// In movable tree, we use a specific [`TreeID`] to represent the root of **ALL** non-existent tree nodes.
 ///
 /// When we create some tree node and then we checkout the previous vision, we need to delete it from the state.
 /// If the parent of node is [`UNEXIST_TREE_ROOT`], we could infer this node is first created and delete it from the state directly,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/benches/tree.rs b/crates/loro-internal/benches/tree.rs
index 1f8ede5a1..c303d009c 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/benches/tree.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/benches/tree.rs
@@ -29,12 +29,12 @@ mod tree {
             })
         });
 
-        b.bench_function("100 node random checkout 10^3", |b| {
+        b.bench_function("1000 node checkout 10^3", |b| {
             let mut loro = LoroDoc::default();
             let tree = loro.get_tree("tree");
             let mut ids = vec![];
             let mut versions = vec![];
-            let size = 100;
+            let size = 1000;
             for _ in 0..size {
                 ids.push(loro.with_txn(|txn| tree.create(txn)).unwrap())
             }
@@ -56,6 +56,32 @@ mod tree {
                 }
             })
         });
+
+        b.bench_function("300 deep node random checkout 10^3", |b| {
+            let depth = 300;
+            let mut loro = LoroDoc::default();
+            let tree = loro.get_tree("tree");
+            let mut ids = vec![];
+            let mut versions = vec![];
+            let id1 = loro.with_txn(|txn| tree.create(txn)).unwrap();
+            ids.push(id1);
+            versions.push(loro.oplog_frontiers());
+            for _ in 1..depth {
+                let id = loro
+                    .with_txn(|txn| tree.create_and_mov(txn, *ids.last().unwrap()))
+                    .unwrap();
+                ids.push(id);
+                versions.push(loro.oplog_frontiers());
+            }
+            let mut rng: StdRng = rand::SeedableRng::seed_from_u64(0);
+            b.iter(|| {
+                for _ in 0..1000 {
+                    let i = rng.gen::<usize>() % depth;
+                    let f = &versions[i];
+                    loro.checkout(f).unwrap();
+                }
+            })
+        });
     }
 }
 

From 09a98d02327fa78a04a48a058677ce5f28f84050 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 16 Oct 2023 22:19:22 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 088/111] fix: check out should emit event

---
 crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs   |  5 ++++-
 crates/loro-internal/tests/test.rs | 12 +++++++++++-
 2 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs
index 330edce23..792aad9f7 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs
@@ -445,7 +445,10 @@ impl LoroDoc {
             diff: Cow::Owned(diff),
             new_version: Cow::Owned(frontiers.clone()),
         });
-
+        let events = state.take_events();
+        for event in events {
+            self.observer.emit(event);
+        }
         Ok(())
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/tests/test.rs b/crates/loro-internal/tests/test.rs
index 5e29d7e1a..5c70df5c5 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/tests/test.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/tests/test.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
 use loro_common::ID;
 use loro_internal::{version::Frontiers, LoroDoc, ToJson};
 
@@ -259,10 +261,10 @@ fn map_concurrent_checkout() {
 #[test]
 fn tree_checkout() {
     let mut doc_a = LoroDoc::new();
+    doc_a.subscribe_deep(Arc::new(|_e| {}));
     doc_a.set_peer_id(1);
     let tree = doc_a.get_tree("root");
     let id1 = doc_a.with_txn(|txn| tree.create(txn)).unwrap();
-
     let id2 = doc_a.with_txn(|txn| tree.create_and_mov(txn, id1)).unwrap();
     let v1_state = tree.get_deep_value();
     let v1 = doc_a.oplog_frontiers();
@@ -293,4 +295,12 @@ fn tree_checkout() {
             .get("roots"),
         serde_json::to_value(v3_state).unwrap().get("roots")
     );
+
+    doc_a.attach();
+    doc_a
+        .with_txn(|txn| {
+            tree.create(txn)
+            //tree.insert_meta(txn, id1, "a", 1.into())
+        })
+        .unwrap();
 }

From 3e1ff9c481074f0940e34ea2e46a0332d98c2041 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zixuan Chen <remch183@outlook.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Oct 2023 23:26:22 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 089/111] refactor: event

---
 Cargo.lock                                    |   1 +
 crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs                 |   2 +-
 crates/loro-internal/Cargo.toml               |   1 +
 crates/loro-internal/benches/text_r.rs        |  24 +-
 .../loro-internal/examples/automerge_x100.rs  |   4 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs             |   1 -
 crates/loro-internal/src/configure.rs         |   7 +-
 .../src/container/list/list_op.rs             |   4 +-
 .../loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs   |   8 +-
 .../src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs  | 356 +++++++++++++-----
 .../src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs |  47 ++-
 .../container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs   |   3 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/delta.rs             |   2 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/delta/map_delta.rs   |  13 +
 crates/loro-internal/src/delta/text.rs        |  18 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs         |  20 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs             | 101 +++--
 .../src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs          |  22 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs           | 140 ++++---
 crates/loro-internal/src/op.rs                |   6 +
 crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs             |  75 ++--
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs  |  46 ++-
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/map_state.rs   |  26 +-
 .../loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs | 225 +++++++++--
 crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs               | 199 +++++-----
 crates/loro-internal/src/utils/mod.rs         |   1 +
 .../loro-internal/src/utils/string_slice.rs   | 174 +++++++++
 crates/loro-internal/src/utils/utf16.rs       |   6 +
 crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs             |  23 +-
 crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs                   |   4 +-
 30 files changed, 1080 insertions(+), 479 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 crates/loro-internal/src/utils/string_slice.rs

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 7bb0817a9..c1484df8c 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -1069,6 +1069,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "loro-preload",
  "miniz_oxide 0.7.1",
  "num",
+ "once_cell",
  "postcard",
  "proptest",
  "proptest-derive",
diff --git a/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs b/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
index 7801c5b89..6278fb5d8 100644
--- a/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-common/src/lib.rs
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ impl ContainerType {
         match self {
             ContainerType::Map => LoroValue::Map(Arc::new(Default::default())),
             ContainerType::List => LoroValue::List(Arc::new(Default::default())),
-            ContainerType::Text => LoroValue::List(Arc::new(Default::default())),
+            ContainerType::Text => LoroValue::String(Arc::new(Default::default())),
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/Cargo.toml b/crates/loro-internal/Cargo.toml
index f1c3cada2..893468797 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/Cargo.toml
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ generic-btree = { path = "../../../generic-btree" }
 miniz_oxide = "0.7.1"
 getrandom = "0.2.10"
 zerovec = { version = "0.9.4", features = ["serde", "derive"] }
+once_cell = "1.18.0"
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 serde_json = "1.0.87"
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/benches/text_r.rs b/crates/loro-internal/benches/text_r.rs
index 58f2379d3..832b358d6 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/benches/text_r.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/benches/text_r.rs
@@ -169,18 +169,18 @@ mod run {
             });
         });
 
-        b.bench_function("B4 utf16", |b| {
-            b.iter(|| {
-                let loro = LoroDoc::new();
-                let text = loro.get_text("text");
-                let mut txn = loro.txn().unwrap();
-
-                for TextAction { pos, ins, del } in actions.iter() {
-                    text.delete_utf16(&mut txn, *pos, *del).unwrap();
-                    text.insert_utf16(&mut txn, *pos, ins).unwrap();
-                }
-            })
-        });
+        // b.bench_function("B4 utf16", |b| {
+        //     b.iter(|| {
+        //         let loro = LoroDoc::new();
+        //         let text = loro.get_text("text");
+        //         let mut txn = loro.txn().unwrap();
+
+        //         for TextAction { pos, ins, del } in actions.iter() {
+        //             text.delete_utf16(&mut txn, *pos, *del).unwrap();
+        //             text.insert_utf16(&mut txn, *pos, ins).unwrap();
+        //         }
+        //     })
+        // });
 
         b.bench_function("B4_Per100_Txn", |b| {
             b.iter(|| {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/examples/automerge_x100.rs b/crates/loro-internal/examples/automerge_x100.rs
index da870faa1..3139db836 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/examples/automerge_x100.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/examples/automerge_x100.rs
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ fn main() {
     for _ in 0..1 {
         let mut txn = loro.txn().unwrap();
         for TextAction { del, ins, pos } in actions.iter() {
-            text.delete_utf16(&mut txn, *pos, *del).unwrap();
-            text.insert_utf16(&mut txn, *pos, ins).unwrap();
+            text.delete(&mut txn, *pos, *del).unwrap();
+            text.insert(&mut txn, *pos, ins).unwrap();
         }
     }
     loro.checkout(&Frontiers::from(ID::new(loro.peer_id(), 100)))
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs
index 8a85fd27e..456baf9d7 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ use crate::{
         idx::ContainerIdx,
         list::list_op::{InnerListOp, ListOp},
         map::{InnerMapSet, MapSet},
-        richtext::StyleOp,
         ContainerID,
     },
     id::Counter,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/configure.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/configure.rs
index 060597846..bb76d93f1 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/configure.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/configure.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
-use std::{
-    fmt::Debug,
-    sync::{atomic::AtomicU64, Arc},
-};
+use std::{fmt::Debug, sync::Arc};
 
 use crate::Timestamp;
 
@@ -21,6 +18,8 @@ impl Debug for Configure {
 
 pub struct DefaultRandom;
 
+#[cfg(test)]
+use std::sync::atomic::AtomicU64;
 #[cfg(test)]
 static mut TEST_RANDOM: AtomicU64 = AtomicU64::new(0);
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/list/list_op.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/list/list_op.rs
index 8bb430c06..35e40e322 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/list/list_op.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/list/list_op.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-use std::{ops::Range, sync::Arc};
+use std::ops::Range;
 
 use enum_as_inner::EnumAsInner;
 use rle::{HasLength, Mergable, Sliceable};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
 use crate::{
-    container::richtext::{StyleOp, TextStyleInfoFlag},
+    container::richtext::TextStyleInfoFlag,
     op::{ListSlice, SliceRange},
     InternalString,
 };
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs
index 8c666a2eb..2346cb9b7 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs
@@ -17,20 +17,20 @@ mod style_range_map;
 mod tinyvec;
 mod tracker;
 
-use crate::{change::Lamport, InternalString};
+use crate::{change::Lamport, utils::string_slice::StringSlice, InternalString};
 use fugue_span::*;
 use loro_common::{Counter, LoroValue, PeerID};
 use std::{borrow::Cow, fmt::Debug};
 
 pub(crate) use fugue_span::{RichtextChunk, RichtextChunkValue};
-pub(crate) use richtext_state::RichtextState;
+pub(crate) use richtext_state::{query, RichtextState};
 pub(crate) use tracker::{CrdtRopeDelta, Tracker as RichtextTracker};
 
 /// This is the data structure that represents a span of rich text.
 /// It's used to communicate with the frontend.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
-pub struct RichtextSpan<'a> {
-    pub text: Cow<'a, str>,
+pub struct RichtextSpan {
+    pub text: StringSlice,
     pub styles: Vec<Style>,
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
index 1b248c413..0c966053d 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
@@ -2,14 +2,14 @@ use append_only_bytes::BytesSlice;
 use fxhash::FxHashMap;
 use generic_btree::{
     rle::{HasLength, Mergeable, Sliceable},
-    BTree, BTreeTrait, Query,
+    BTree, BTreeTrait, Cursor, Query,
 };
 use loro_common::LoroValue;
 use serde::{ser::SerializeStruct, Serialize};
 use std::{
     borrow::Cow,
-    ops::{Add, AddAssign, Range, Sub},
-    str::Utf8Error,
+    ops::{Add, AddAssign, Range, RangeBounds, Sub},
+    str::{from_utf8_unchecked, Utf8Error},
     sync::Arc,
 };
 use std::{
@@ -23,11 +23,11 @@ use crate::{
 };
 
 // FIXME: Check splice and other things are using unicode index
-use self::query::{EntityQuery, EntityQueryT, UnicodeQuery, Utf16Query};
+use self::query::{EntityQuery, EntityQueryT, EventIndexQuery, UnicodeQuery, Utf16Query};
 
 use super::{
     query_by_len::{IndexQuery, QueryByLen},
-    style_range_map::StyleRangeMap,
+    style_range_map::{StyleRangeMap, Styles, EMPTY_STYLES},
     AnchorType, RichtextSpan, Style, StyleOp,
 };
 
@@ -249,6 +249,7 @@ impl Sliceable for RichtextStateChunk {
 }
 
 pub(crate) fn unicode_to_utf8_index(s: &str, unicode_index: usize) -> Option<usize> {
+    dbg!(s, unicode_index);
     let mut current_unicode_index = 0;
     for (byte_index, _) in s.char_indices() {
         if current_unicode_index == unicode_index {
@@ -264,6 +265,23 @@ pub(crate) fn unicode_to_utf8_index(s: &str, unicode_index: usize) -> Option<usi
     None
 }
 
+pub(crate) fn utf16_to_utf8_index(s: &str, utf16_index: usize) -> Option<usize> {
+    let mut current_utf16_index = 0;
+    for (byte_index, c) in s.char_indices() {
+        let len = c.len_utf16();
+        current_utf16_index += len;
+        if current_utf16_index == utf16_index {
+            return Some(byte_index);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if current_utf16_index == utf16_index {
+        return Some(s.len());
+    }
+
+    None
+}
+
 pub(crate) fn utf16_to_unicode_index(s: &str, utf16_index: usize) -> Option<usize> {
     if utf16_index == 0 {
         return Some(0);
@@ -282,7 +300,7 @@ pub(crate) fn utf16_to_unicode_index(s: &str, utf16_index: usize) -> Option<usiz
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
-struct Cache {
+pub(crate) struct Cache {
     unicode_len: i32,
     bytes: i32,
     utf16_len: i32,
@@ -324,7 +342,7 @@ impl Sub for Cache {
     }
 }
 
-struct RichtextTreeTrait;
+pub(crate) struct RichtextTreeTrait;
 
 impl BTreeTrait for RichtextTreeTrait {
     type Elem = RichtextStateChunk;
@@ -387,11 +405,16 @@ impl BTreeTrait for RichtextTreeTrait {
 }
 
 // This query implementation will prefer right element when both left element and right element are valid.
-mod query {
+pub(crate) mod query {
     use super::*;
 
-    pub(super) struct UnicodeQueryT;
-    pub(super) type UnicodeQuery = IndexQuery<UnicodeQueryT, RichtextTreeTrait>;
+    #[cfg(not(feature = "wasm"))]
+    pub(crate) type EventIndexQuery = UnicodeQuery;
+    #[cfg(feature = "wasm")]
+    pub(crate) type EventIndexQuery = Utf16Query;
+
+    pub(crate) struct UnicodeQueryT;
+    pub(crate) type UnicodeQuery = IndexQuery<UnicodeQueryT, RichtextTreeTrait>;
 
     impl QueryByLen<RichtextTreeTrait> for UnicodeQueryT {
         fn get_cache_len(cache: &<RichtextTreeTrait as BTreeTrait>::Cache) -> usize {
@@ -428,8 +451,8 @@ mod query {
         }
     }
 
-    pub(super) struct Utf16QueryT;
-    pub(super) type Utf16Query = IndexQuery<Utf16QueryT, RichtextTreeTrait>;
+    pub(crate) struct Utf16QueryT;
+    pub(crate) type Utf16Query = IndexQuery<Utf16QueryT, RichtextTreeTrait>;
 
     impl QueryByLen<RichtextTreeTrait> for Utf16QueryT {
         fn get_cache_len(cache: &<RichtextTreeTrait as BTreeTrait>::Cache) -> usize {
@@ -523,9 +546,7 @@ impl RichtextState {
             return 0;
         }
 
-        let right = self
-            .find_best_insert_pos_from_unicode_index::<UnicodeQuery>(pos)
-            .unwrap();
+        let right = self.find_best_insert_pos::<UnicodeQuery>(pos).unwrap();
         let right = self.tree.prefer_left(right).unwrap_or(right);
         let entity_index = self.get_entity_index_from_path(right);
         let insert_pos = right;
@@ -535,25 +556,17 @@ impl RichtextState {
         entity_index
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn get_entity_index_for_text_insert_pos(&self, pos: usize) -> usize {
-        if self.tree.is_empty() {
-            return 0;
-        }
-
-        let right = self
-            .find_best_insert_pos_from_unicode_index::<UnicodeQuery>(pos)
-            .unwrap();
-        self.get_entity_index_from_path(right)
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn get_entity_index_for_utf16_insert_pos(&self, pos: usize) -> usize {
+    pub(crate) fn get_entity_index_for_text_insert<
+        Q: Query<RichtextTreeTrait, QueryArg = usize>,
+    >(
+        &self,
+        pos: usize,
+    ) -> usize {
         if self.tree.is_empty() {
             return 0;
         }
 
-        let right = self
-            .find_best_insert_pos_from_unicode_index::<Utf16Query>(pos)
-            .unwrap();
+        let right = self.find_best_insert_pos::<Q>(pos).unwrap();
         self.get_entity_index_from_path(right)
     }
 
@@ -564,15 +577,92 @@ impl RichtextState {
         self.tree.insert::<EntityQuery>(&entity_index, elem);
     }
 
-    /// This is used to accept changes from DiffCalculator
+    /// This is used to accept changes from DiffCalculator.
+    ///
+    /// Return event index
     pub(crate) fn insert_elem_at_entity_index(
         &mut self,
         entity_index: usize,
         elem: RichtextStateChunk,
-    ) {
+    ) -> (usize, &Styles) {
         debug_assert!(entity_index <= self.len_entity());
-        self.style_ranges.insert(entity_index, elem.rle_len());
-        self.tree.insert::<EntityQuery>(&entity_index, elem);
+
+        match self.tree.query::<EntityQuery>(&entity_index) {
+            Some(cursor) => {
+                let ans = self.cursor_to_event_index(cursor.cursor);
+                let styles = self.style_ranges.insert(entity_index, elem.rle_len());
+                self.tree.insert_by_path(cursor.cursor, elem);
+                (ans, styles)
+            }
+            None => {
+                let styles = self.style_ranges.insert(entity_index, elem.rle_len());
+                self.tree.push(elem);
+                (0, styles)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Convert cursor position to event index:
+    ///
+    /// - If feature="wasm", index is utf16 index,
+    /// - If feature!="wasm", index is unicode index,
+    pub(crate) fn cursor_to_event_index(&self, cursor: Cursor) -> usize {
+        if cfg!(feature = "wasm") {
+            let mut ans = 0;
+            self.tree
+                .visit_previous_caches(cursor, |cache| match cache {
+                    generic_btree::PreviousCache::NodeCache(c) => {
+                        ans += c.unicode_len as usize;
+                    }
+                    generic_btree::PreviousCache::PrevSiblingElem(c) => match c {
+                        RichtextStateChunk::Text { text, .. } => {
+                            ans += count_utf16_chars(text);
+                        }
+                        RichtextStateChunk::Style { .. } => {}
+                    },
+                    generic_btree::PreviousCache::ThisElemAndOffset { elem, offset } => {
+                        match elem {
+                            RichtextStateChunk::Text {
+                                unicode_len: _,
+                                text,
+                            } => {
+                                ans += utf16_to_unicode_index(
+                                    // SAFETY: we're sure that the text is valid utf8
+                                    unsafe { std::str::from_utf8_unchecked(text) },
+                                    offset,
+                                )
+                                .unwrap();
+                            }
+                            RichtextStateChunk::Style { .. } => {}
+                        }
+                    }
+                });
+
+            ans
+        } else {
+            let mut ans = 0;
+            self.tree
+                .visit_previous_caches(cursor, |cache| match cache {
+                    generic_btree::PreviousCache::NodeCache(c) => {
+                        ans += c.unicode_len;
+                    }
+                    generic_btree::PreviousCache::PrevSiblingElem(c) => match c {
+                        RichtextStateChunk::Text { unicode_len, .. } => {
+                            ans += *unicode_len;
+                        }
+                        RichtextStateChunk::Style { .. } => {}
+                    },
+                    generic_btree::PreviousCache::ThisElemAndOffset { elem, offset } => {
+                        match elem {
+                            RichtextStateChunk::Text { .. } => {
+                                ans += offset as i32;
+                            }
+                            RichtextStateChunk::Style { .. } => {}
+                        }
+                    }
+                });
+            ans as usize
+        }
     }
 
     /// This method only updates `style_ranges`.
@@ -592,7 +682,7 @@ impl RichtextState {
     ///
     /// The current method will scan forward to find the last position that satisfies 1 and 2.
     /// Then it scans backward to find the first position that satisfies 3.
-    fn find_best_insert_pos_from_unicode_index<Q: Query<RichtextTreeTrait, QueryArg = usize>>(
+    fn find_best_insert_pos<Q: Query<RichtextTreeTrait, QueryArg = usize>>(
         &self,
         pos: usize,
     ) -> Option<generic_btree::Cursor> {
@@ -732,7 +822,7 @@ impl RichtextState {
     }
 
     // TODO: refactor extract common code
-    pub(crate) fn get_text_entity_ranges_in_unicode_range(
+    pub(crate) fn get_text_entity_ranges<Q: Query<RichtextTreeTrait, QueryArg = usize>>(
         &self,
         mut pos: usize,
         mut len: usize,
@@ -748,12 +838,8 @@ impl RichtextState {
         }
 
         let mut ans = Vec::new();
-        let start = self.tree.query::<UnicodeQuery>(&pos).unwrap().cursor;
-        let end = self
-            .tree
-            .query::<UnicodeQuery>(&(pos + len))
-            .unwrap()
-            .cursor;
+        let start = self.tree.query::<Q>(&pos).unwrap().cursor;
+        let end = self.tree.query::<Q>(&(pos + len)).unwrap().cursor;
         let mut entity_index = self.get_entity_index_from_path(start);
         for span in self.tree.iter_range(start..end) {
             let start = span.start.unwrap_or(0);
@@ -812,15 +898,26 @@ impl RichtextState {
         ans
     }
 
+    // PERF: can be splitted into two methods. One is without cursor_to_event_index
+    // PERF: can be speed up a lot by detecting whether the range is in a single leaf first
     /// This is used to accept changes from DiffCalculator
     pub(crate) fn drain_by_entity_index(
         &mut self,
         pos: usize,
         len: usize,
-    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = RichtextStateChunk> + '_ {
+    ) -> (impl Iterator<Item = RichtextStateChunk> + '_, usize, usize) {
         // FIXME: need to check whether style is removed when its anchors are removed
         self.style_ranges.delete(pos..pos + len);
-        self.tree.drain_by_query::<EntityQuery>(pos..pos + len)
+        let range = pos..pos + len;
+        let start = self.tree.query::<EntityQuery>(&range.start);
+        let end = self.tree.query::<EntityQuery>(&range.end);
+        let start_event_index = self.cursor_to_event_index(start.unwrap().cursor);
+        let end_event_index = self.cursor_to_event_index(start.unwrap().cursor);
+        (
+            generic_btree::iter::Drain::new(&mut self.tree, start, end),
+            start_event_index,
+            end_event_index,
+        )
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn mark_with_entity_index(&mut self, range: Range<usize>, style: Arc<StyleOp>) {
@@ -852,7 +949,7 @@ impl RichtextState {
         }
 
         let end_pos = self
-            .find_best_insert_pos_from_unicode_index::<UnicodeQuery>(range.end)
+            .find_best_insert_pos::<UnicodeQuery>(range.end)
             .unwrap();
         let end_entity_index = self.get_entity_index_from_path(end_pos);
         self.tree.insert_by_path(
@@ -861,7 +958,7 @@ impl RichtextState {
         );
 
         let start_pos = self
-            .find_best_insert_pos_from_unicode_index::<UnicodeQuery>(range.start)
+            .find_best_insert_pos::<UnicodeQuery>(range.start)
             .unwrap();
         let start_entity_index = self.get_entity_index_from_path(start_pos);
         self.tree.insert_by_path(
@@ -880,7 +977,98 @@ impl RichtextState {
         start_entity_index..end_entity_index
     }
 
-    pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = RichtextSpan<'_>> {
+    // FIXME: tests (unstable)
+    /// iter item is (event_length, styles)
+    pub fn iter_styles_in_event_index_range(
+        &self,
+        target_event_range: Range<usize>,
+    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = (usize, &Styles)> + '_ {
+        let start = self
+            .tree
+            .query::<EventIndexQuery>(&target_event_range.start);
+        let start_entity_index = match start {
+            Some(start) => self.get_entity_index_from_path(start.cursor),
+            None => 0,
+        };
+
+        let mut event_index = target_event_range.start;
+        let mut entity_index = start_entity_index;
+        let mut style_range_iter = self.style_ranges.iter_from(start_entity_index);
+        let mut cur_style_range = style_range_iter
+            .next()
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| (start_entity_index..usize::MAX, &EMPTY_STYLES));
+        let mut text_iter = self.tree.iter_range(
+            start.map(|x| x.cursor).unwrap_or_else(|| Cursor {
+                leaf: self.tree.first_leaf().unwrap_leaf().into(),
+                offset: 0,
+            })..,
+        );
+        let mut last_emit_event_index = target_event_range.start;
+        std::iter::from_fn(move || loop {
+            if entity_index >= cur_style_range.0.end {
+                let ans = cur_style_range.1;
+                cur_style_range = style_range_iter
+                    .next()
+                    .unwrap_or_else(|| (entity_index..usize::MAX, &EMPTY_STYLES));
+                let len = event_index - last_emit_event_index;
+                last_emit_event_index = event_index;
+                return Some((len, ans));
+            }
+
+            if event_index >= target_event_range.end {
+                if last_emit_event_index < target_event_range.end {
+                    let ans = cur_style_range.1;
+                    let len = target_event_range.end - last_emit_event_index;
+                    last_emit_event_index = target_event_range.end;
+                    return Some((len, ans));
+                } else {
+                    return None;
+                }
+            }
+
+            let Some(slice) = text_iter.next() else {
+                if event_index > last_emit_event_index {
+                    let ans = cur_style_range.1;
+                    let len = event_index - last_emit_event_index;
+                    last_emit_event_index = event_index;
+                    return Some((len, ans));
+                } else {
+                    return None;
+                }
+            };
+
+            let start_offset = slice.start.unwrap_or(0);
+            let elem = slice.elem;
+            match elem {
+                RichtextStateChunk::Text { unicode_len, text } => {
+                    event_index += if cfg!(feature = "wasm") {
+                        if start_offset == 0 {
+                            count_utf16_chars(text)
+                        } else {
+                            let offset = unicode_to_utf8_index(
+                                // SAFETY: we know that the text is valid utf8
+                                unsafe { from_utf8_unchecked(text) },
+                                start_offset,
+                            )
+                            .unwrap();
+                            count_utf16_chars(&text[offset..])
+                        }
+                    } else if start_offset == 0 {
+                        *unicode_len as usize
+                    } else {
+                        *unicode_len as usize - start_offset
+                    };
+
+                    entity_index += *unicode_len as usize;
+                }
+                RichtextStateChunk::Style { .. } => {
+                    entity_index += 1;
+                }
+            }
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = RichtextSpan> + '_ {
         let mut entity_index = 0;
         let mut style_range_iter = self.style_ranges.iter();
         let mut cur_style_range = style_range_iter.next();
@@ -917,7 +1105,7 @@ impl RichtextState {
                 entity_index += *unicode_len as usize;
                 Some(RichtextSpan {
                     // SAFETY: We know for sure text is valid utf8
-                    text: Cow::Borrowed(unsafe { std::str::from_utf8_unchecked(text.as_bytes()) }),
+                    text: text.clone().into(),
                     styles,
                 })
             }
@@ -945,7 +1133,7 @@ impl RichtextState {
                         .unwrap()
                         .as_string_mut()
                         .unwrap();
-                    Arc::make_mut(s).push_str(&span.text);
+                    Arc::make_mut(s).push_str(span.text.as_str());
                     continue;
                 }
             }
@@ -953,7 +1141,7 @@ impl RichtextState {
             let mut value = FxHashMap::default();
             value.insert(
                 "insert".into(),
-                LoroValue::String(Arc::new(span.text.into())),
+                LoroValue::String(Arc::new(span.text.as_str().into())),
             );
 
             if !span.styles.is_empty() {
@@ -972,7 +1160,7 @@ impl RichtextState {
         LoroValue::List(Arc::new(ans))
     }
 
-    pub fn to_vec(&self) -> Vec<RichtextSpan<'_>> {
+    pub fn to_vec(&self) -> Vec<RichtextSpan> {
         self.iter().collect()
     }
 
@@ -1070,14 +1258,14 @@ mod test {
             wrapper.state.to_vec(),
             vec![
                 RichtextSpan {
-                    text: Cow::Borrowed("Hello"),
+                    text: "Hello".into(),
                     styles: vec![Style {
                         key: "bold".into(),
                         data: LoroValue::Bool(true)
                     }]
                 },
                 RichtextSpan {
-                    text: Cow::Borrowed(" World!"),
+                    text: " World!".into(),
                     styles: vec![]
                 }
             ]
@@ -1088,14 +1276,14 @@ mod test {
             wrapper.state.to_vec(),
             vec![
                 RichtextSpan {
-                    text: Cow::Borrowed("He"),
+                    text: "He".into(),
                     styles: vec![Style {
                         key: "bold".into(),
                         data: LoroValue::Bool(true)
                     }]
                 },
                 RichtextSpan {
-                    text: Cow::Borrowed("llo"),
+                    text: "llo".into(),
                     styles: vec![
                         Style {
                             key: "bold".into(),
@@ -1108,14 +1296,14 @@ mod test {
                     ]
                 },
                 RichtextSpan {
-                    text: Cow::Borrowed(" W"),
+                    text: " W".into(),
                     styles: vec![Style {
                         key: "link".into(),
                         data: LoroValue::Bool(true)
                     }]
                 },
                 RichtextSpan {
-                    text: Cow::Borrowed("orld!"),
+                    text: "orld!".into(),
                     styles: vec![]
                 }
             ]
@@ -1132,21 +1320,21 @@ mod test {
             wrapper.state.to_vec(),
             vec![
                 RichtextSpan {
-                    text: Cow::Borrowed("Hello"),
+                    text: "Hello".into(),
                     styles: vec![Style {
                         key: "bold".into(),
                         data: LoroValue::Bool(true)
                     }]
                 },
                 RichtextSpan {
-                    text: Cow::Borrowed(" Test"),
+                    text: " Test".into(),
                     styles: vec![Style {
                         key: "bold".into(),
                         data: LoroValue::Bool(true)
                     }]
                 },
                 RichtextSpan {
-                    text: Cow::Borrowed(" World!"),
+                    text: " World!".into(),
                     styles: vec![]
                 }
             ]
@@ -1163,18 +1351,18 @@ mod test {
             wrapper.state.to_vec(),
             vec![
                 RichtextSpan {
-                    text: Cow::Borrowed("Hello"),
+                    text: "Hello".into(),
                     styles: vec![Style {
                         key: "link".into(),
                         data: LoroValue::Bool(true)
                     }]
                 },
                 RichtextSpan {
-                    text: Cow::Borrowed(" Test"),
+                    text: " Test".into(),
                     styles: vec![]
                 },
                 RichtextSpan {
-                    text: Cow::Borrowed(" World!"),
+                    text: " World!".into(),
                     styles: vec![]
                 }
             ]
@@ -1189,7 +1377,7 @@ mod test {
         assert_eq!(
             wrapper.state.to_vec(),
             vec![RichtextSpan {
-                text: Cow::Borrowed("Hello World!"),
+                text: "Hello World!".into(),
                 styles: vec![]
             },]
         );
@@ -1204,7 +1392,7 @@ mod test {
         assert_eq!(
             wrapper.state.to_vec(),
             vec![RichtextSpan {
-                text: Cow::Borrowed("Hello World!"),
+                text: "Hello World!".into(),
                 styles: vec![Style {
                     key: "bold".into(),
                     data: LoroValue::Bool(true)
@@ -1223,14 +1411,14 @@ mod test {
             wrapper.state.to_vec(),
             vec![
                 RichtextSpan {
-                    text: Cow::Borrowed("Hello"),
+                    text: "Hello".into(),
                     styles: vec![Style {
                         key: "link".into(),
                         data: LoroValue::Bool(true)
                     },]
                 },
                 RichtextSpan {
-                    text: Cow::Borrowed(" World!"),
+                    text: " World!".into(),
                     styles: vec![]
                 },
             ]
@@ -1247,14 +1435,14 @@ mod test {
             wrapper.state.to_vec(),
             vec![
                 RichtextSpan {
-                    text: Cow::Borrowed("Hello"),
+                    text: "Hello".into(),
                     styles: vec![Style {
                         key: "bold".into(),
                         data: LoroValue::Bool(true)
                     }]
                 },
                 RichtextSpan {
-                    text: Cow::Borrowed(" World!"),
+                    text: " World!".into(),
                     styles: vec![]
                 }
             ]
@@ -1264,21 +1452,21 @@ mod test {
             wrapper.state.to_vec(),
             vec![
                 RichtextSpan {
-                    text: Cow::Borrowed("Hello"),
+                    text: "Hello".into(),
                     styles: vec![Style {
                         key: "bold".into(),
                         data: LoroValue::Bool(true)
                     }]
                 },
                 RichtextSpan {
-                    text: Cow::Borrowed("A"),
+                    text: "A".into(),
                     styles: vec![Style {
                         key: "bold".into(),
                         data: LoroValue::Bool(true)
                     }]
                 },
                 RichtextSpan {
-                    text: Cow::Borrowed(" World!"),
+                    text: " World!".into(),
                     styles: vec![]
                 }
             ]
@@ -1289,25 +1477,25 @@ mod test {
             wrapper.state.to_vec(),
             vec![
                 RichtextSpan {
-                    text: Cow::Borrowed("A"),
+                    text: "A".into(),
                     styles: vec![]
                 },
                 RichtextSpan {
-                    text: Cow::Borrowed("Hello"),
+                    text: "Hello".into(),
                     styles: vec![Style {
                         key: "bold".into(),
                         data: LoroValue::Bool(true)
                     }]
                 },
                 RichtextSpan {
-                    text: Cow::Borrowed("A"),
+                    text: "A".into(),
                     styles: vec![Style {
                         key: "bold".into(),
                         data: LoroValue::Bool(true)
                     }]
                 },
                 RichtextSpan {
-                    text: Cow::Borrowed(" World!"),
+                    text: " World!".into(),
                     styles: vec![]
                 }
             ]
@@ -1326,7 +1514,7 @@ mod test {
             wrapper.state.to_vec(),
             vec![
                 RichtextSpan {
-                    text: Cow::Borrowed("Hello"),
+                    text: "Hello".into(),
                     styles: vec![
                         Style {
                             key: "bold".into(),
@@ -1339,7 +1527,7 @@ mod test {
                     ]
                 },
                 RichtextSpan {
-                    text: Cow::Borrowed("A"),
+                    text: "A".into(),
                     styles: vec![Style {
                         key: "bold".into(),
                         data: LoroValue::Bool(true)
@@ -1359,7 +1547,7 @@ mod test {
             wrapper.state.to_vec(),
             vec![
                 RichtextSpan {
-                    text: Cow::Borrowed("H"),
+                    text: "H".into(),
                     styles: vec![Style {
                         key: "comment".into(),
                         data: LoroValue::Container(ContainerID::new_normal(
@@ -1369,7 +1557,7 @@ mod test {
                     },]
                 },
                 RichtextSpan {
-                    text: Cow::Borrowed("ello"),
+                    text: "ello".into(),
                     styles: vec![
                         Style {
                             key: "comment".into(),
@@ -1388,7 +1576,7 @@ mod test {
                     ]
                 },
                 RichtextSpan {
-                    text: Cow::Borrowed(" "),
+                    text: " ".into(),
                     styles: vec![Style {
                         key: "comment".into(),
                         data: LoroValue::Container(ContainerID::new_normal(
@@ -1398,7 +1586,7 @@ mod test {
                     },]
                 },
                 RichtextSpan {
-                    text: Cow::Borrowed("World!"),
+                    text: "World!".into(),
                     styles: vec![]
                 },
             ]
@@ -1411,7 +1599,7 @@ mod test {
         wrapper.insert(0, "Hello World!");
         wrapper.state.mark(0..5, bold(0));
         let mut count = 0;
-        for span in wrapper.state.drain_by_entity_index(0, 7) {
+        for span in wrapper.state.drain_by_entity_index(0, 7).0 {
             if matches!(span, RichtextStateChunk::Style { .. }) {
                 count += 1;
             }
@@ -1421,7 +1609,7 @@ mod test {
         assert_eq!(
             wrapper.state.to_vec(),
             vec![RichtextSpan {
-                text: Cow::Borrowed(" World!"),
+                text: " World!".into(),
                 styles: vec![]
             },]
         );
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs
index 051ef0709..2ac31f0da 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs
@@ -1,13 +1,19 @@
 //! This map a Range<usize> to a set of style
 //!
 
-use std::{collections::BTreeSet, ops::Range, sync::Arc, usize};
+use std::{
+    collections::{BTreeSet, HashMap},
+    ops::Range,
+    sync::Arc,
+    usize,
+};
 
 use fxhash::FxHashMap;
 use generic_btree::{
     rle::{HasLength, Mergeable, Sliceable},
     BTree, BTreeTrait, LengthFinder, UseLengthFinder,
 };
+use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
 
 use crate::InternalString;
 
@@ -22,14 +28,19 @@ pub(super) struct StyleRangeMap(pub(super) BTree<RangeNumMapTrait>);
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub(super) struct RangeNumMapTrait;
 
+pub(crate) type Styles = FxHashMap<InternalString, StyleValue>;
+
+pub(super) static EMPTY_STYLES: Lazy<Styles> =
+    Lazy::new(|| HashMap::with_hasher(Default::default()));
+
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub(super) struct Elem {
-    styles: FxHashMap<InternalString, StyleValue>,
+    styles: Styles,
     len: usize,
 }
 
 #[derive(Default, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub(super) struct StyleValue {
+pub(crate) struct StyleValue {
     set: BTreeSet<Arc<StyleOp>>,
     should_merge: bool,
 }
@@ -48,6 +59,7 @@ impl StyleValue {
         }
     }
 
+    // PERF: can we avoid this box
     pub fn to_styles(&self) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Style> + '_> {
         if self.should_merge {
             Box::new(self.set.iter().rev().take(1).filter_map(|x| x.to_style()))
@@ -97,7 +109,6 @@ impl StyleRangeMap {
 
                 None
             });
-        dbg!(&self);
     }
 
     /// Insert entities at `pos` with length of `len`
@@ -114,13 +125,13 @@ impl StyleRangeMap {
     /// - If there is a style x that exists in rightStyleSet but not in leftStyleSet, it means that the position pos is the start anchor of x.
     ///   The newly inserted text is before the start anchor of x, so the StyleSet of the new text should not include this style.
     /// - If both leftStyleSet and rightStyleSet contain style x, it means that the newly inserted text is within the style range, so the StyleSet should include x.
-    pub fn insert(&mut self, pos: usize, len: usize) {
+    pub fn insert(&mut self, pos: usize, len: usize) -> &Styles {
         if pos == 0 {
             self.0.prepend(Elem {
                 len,
                 styles: Default::default(),
             });
-            return;
+            return &EMPTY_STYLES;
         }
 
         if pos as isize == *self.0.root_cache() {
@@ -128,7 +139,7 @@ impl StyleRangeMap {
                 len,
                 styles: Default::default(),
             });
-            return;
+            return &EMPTY_STYLES;
         }
 
         let right = self.0.query::<LengthFinder>(&pos).unwrap().cursor;
@@ -139,7 +150,7 @@ impl StyleRangeMap {
                 x.len += len;
                 (true, Some(len as isize), None, None)
             });
-            return;
+            return &self.0.get_elem(left.leaf).unwrap().styles;
         }
 
         // insert by the intersection of left styles and right styles
@@ -155,6 +166,7 @@ impl StyleRangeMap {
         });
 
         self.0.insert_by_path(right, Elem { len, styles });
+        return &self.0.get_elem(right.leaf).unwrap().styles;
     }
 
     pub fn get(&mut self, index: usize) -> Option<&FxHashMap<InternalString, StyleValue>> {
@@ -179,6 +191,25 @@ impl StyleRangeMap {
         })
     }
 
+    pub fn iter_from(
+        &self,
+        start_entity_index: usize,
+    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = (Range<usize>, &FxHashMap<InternalString, StyleValue>)> + '_ {
+        let start = self.0.query::<LengthFinder>(&start_entity_index).unwrap();
+        let mut index = start_entity_index - start.offset();
+        self.0.iter_range(start.cursor()..).filter_map(move |elem| {
+            let len = elem.elem.len;
+            let value = &elem.elem.styles;
+            let range = index.max(start_entity_index)..index + len;
+            index += len;
+            if elem.elem.styles.is_empty() {
+                return None;
+            }
+
+            Some((range, value))
+        })
+    }
+
     pub fn delete(&mut self, range: Range<usize>) {
         let start = self.0.query::<LengthFinder>(&range.start).unwrap();
         let end = self.0.query::<LengthFinder>(&range.end).unwrap();
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs
index 369b6dcd9..de522a931 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 use std::cmp::Ordering;
 
 use generic_btree::{
-    rle::{HasLength, Sliceable},
-    BTree, BTreeTrait, Cursor, FindResult, LeafIndex, Query, SplittedLeaves,
+    rle::HasLength, BTree, BTreeTrait, Cursor, FindResult, LeafIndex, Query, SplittedLeaves,
 };
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use loro_common::{Counter, HasCounter, HasCounterSpan, HasIdSpan, IdSpan, ID};
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/delta.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta.rs
index 5c3ebe218..7de96d811 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/delta.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta.rs
@@ -5,4 +5,4 @@ pub use map::{MapDiff, ValuePair};
 mod map_delta;
 pub use map_delta::{MapDelta, MapValue};
 mod text;
-pub use text::{StyleMeta, StyleMetaItem};
+pub use text::StyleMeta;
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/map_delta.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/map_delta.rs
index 45106a042..06b265d9e 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/map_delta.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/map_delta.rs
@@ -29,6 +29,19 @@ impl MapDelta {
         }
         MapDelta { updated }
     }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        MapDelta {
+            updated: FxHashMap::default(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn with_entry(mut self, key: InternalString, map_value: MapValue) -> Self {
+        self.updated.insert(key, map_value);
+        self
+    }
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/text.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/text.rs
index dbe9600ab..d0f7d5742 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/text.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/text.rs
@@ -1,18 +1,10 @@
-use loro_common::LoroValue;
-
-use crate::InternalString;
+use crate::container::richtext::Style;
 
 use super::Meta;
 
-#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Serialize)]
-pub struct StyleMetaItem {
-    pub style_key: InternalString,
-    pub value: LoroValue,
-}
-
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Serialize)]
 pub struct StyleMeta {
-    pub vec: Vec<StyleMetaItem>,
+    pub vec: Vec<Style>,
 }
 
 impl Meta for StyleMeta {
@@ -20,12 +12,10 @@ impl Meta for StyleMeta {
         self.vec.is_empty()
     }
 
-    fn compose(&mut self, other: &Self, type_pair: (super::DeltaType, super::DeltaType)) {
-        unimplemented!()
-    }
+    fn compose(&mut self, other: &Self, type_pair: (super::DeltaType, super::DeltaType)) {}
 
     fn is_mergeable(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
-        true
+        self.vec == other.vec
     }
 
     fn merge(&mut self, other: &Self) {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
index 100caeac9..c7969d15f 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ use crate::{
         text::tracker::Tracker,
     },
     delta::{Delta, MapDelta, MapValue},
-    event::Diff,
+    event::InternalDiff,
     id::Counter,
     op::RichOp,
     span::{HasId, HasLamport},
@@ -181,14 +181,14 @@ impl DiffCalculator {
                 let calc = self.calculators.get_mut(&idx).unwrap();
                 diffs.push(InternalContainerDiff {
                     idx,
-                    diff: calc.calculate_diff(oplog, before, after),
+                    diff: calc.calculate_diff(oplog, before, after).into(),
                 });
             }
         } else {
             for (&idx, calculator) in self.calculators.iter_mut() {
                 diffs.push(InternalContainerDiff {
                     idx,
-                    diff: calculator.calculate_diff(oplog, before, after),
+                    diff: calculator.calculate_diff(oplog, before, after).into(),
                 });
             }
         }
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ pub trait DiffCalculatorTrait {
         oplog: &OpLog,
         from: &crate::VersionVector,
         to: &crate::VersionVector,
-    ) -> Diff;
+    ) -> InternalDiff;
 }
 
 #[enum_dispatch(DiffCalculatorTrait)]
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for MapDiffCalculator {
         oplog: &super::oplog::OpLog,
         from: &crate::VersionVector,
         to: &crate::VersionVector,
-    ) -> Diff {
+    ) -> InternalDiff {
         let mut changed = Vec::new();
         for (k, g) in self.grouped.iter_mut() {
             let (peek_from, peek_to) = g.peek_at_ab(from, to);
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for MapDiffCalculator {
             updated.insert(key, value);
         }
 
-        Diff::NewMap(MapDelta { updated })
+        InternalDiff::Map(MapDelta { updated })
     }
 }
 
@@ -408,8 +408,8 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for ListDiffCalculator {
         _oplog: &OpLog,
         from: &crate::VersionVector,
         to: &crate::VersionVector,
-    ) -> Diff {
-        Diff::SeqRaw(self.tracker.diff(from, to))
+    ) -> InternalDiff {
+        InternalDiff::SeqRaw(self.tracker.diff(from, to))
     }
 }
 
@@ -498,7 +498,7 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for RichtextDiffCalculator {
         oplog: &OpLog,
         from: &crate::VersionVector,
         to: &crate::VersionVector,
-    ) -> Diff {
+    ) -> InternalDiff {
         let mut delta = Delta::new();
         for item in self.tracker.diff(from, to) {
             match item {
@@ -531,6 +531,6 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for RichtextDiffCalculator {
 
         debug_log::debug_dbg!(&delta, from, to);
         debug_log::debug_dbg!(&self.tracker);
-        Diff::RichtextRaw(delta)
+        InternalDiff::RichtextRaw(delta)
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs
index 2e18b1c0d..c7cd3881f 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
+use append_only_bytes::BytesSlice;
 use enum_as_inner::EnumAsInner;
+use rle::Mergable;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
 
 use crate::{
-    container::richtext::richtext_state::RichtextStateChunk,
-    delta::{Delta, MapDelta, MapDiff, StyleMeta},
+    container::richtext::richtext_state::{unicode_to_utf8_index, RichtextStateChunk},
+    delta::{Delta, DeltaValue, MapDelta, MapDiff, StyleMeta},
     op::SliceRanges,
+    utils::string_slice::StringSlice,
     InternalString, LoroValue,
 };
 
@@ -48,7 +51,13 @@ pub struct DocDiff {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub(crate) struct InternalContainerDiff {
     pub(crate) idx: ContainerIdx,
-    pub(crate) diff: Diff,
+    pub(crate) diff: DiffVariant,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, EnumAsInner)]
+pub(crate) enum DiffVariant {
+    Internal(InternalDiff),
+    External(Diff),
 }
 
 /// It's used for transmitting and recording the diff internally.
@@ -84,19 +93,17 @@ impl<'a> InternalDocDiff<'a> {
 mod test {
     use std::sync::Arc;
 
-    use crate::LoroDoc;
+    use loro_common::LoroValue;
+
+    use crate::{ApplyDiff, LoroDoc};
 
     #[test]
     fn test_text_event() {
         let loro = LoroDoc::new();
         loro.subscribe_deep(Arc::new(|event| {
-            assert_eq!(
-                &event.container.diff.as_text().unwrap().vec[0]
-                    .as_insert()
-                    .unwrap()
-                    .0,
-                &"h223ello"
-            );
+            let mut value = LoroValue::String(Default::default());
+            value.apply_diff(&[event.container.diff.clone()]);
+            assert_eq!(value, "h223ello".into());
         }));
         let mut txn = loro.txn().unwrap();
         let text = loro.get_text("id");
@@ -114,44 +121,84 @@ pub enum Index {
     Seq(usize),
 }
 
+impl DiffVariant {
+    pub fn compose(self, other: Self) -> Result<Self, Self> {
+        match (self, other) {
+            (DiffVariant::Internal(a), DiffVariant::Internal(b)) => {
+                Ok(DiffVariant::Internal(a.compose(b)?))
+            }
+            (DiffVariant::External(a), DiffVariant::External(b)) => {
+                Ok(DiffVariant::External(a.compose(b)?))
+            }
+            (a, _) => Err(a),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Diff> for DiffVariant {
+    fn from(diff: Diff) -> Self {
+        DiffVariant::External(diff)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<InternalDiff> for DiffVariant {
+    fn from(diff: InternalDiff) -> Self {
+        DiffVariant::Internal(diff)
+    }
+}
+
+#[non_exhaustive]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, EnumAsInner, Serialize)]
+pub enum InternalDiff {
+    SeqRaw(Delta<SliceRanges>),
+    /// This always uses entity indexes.
+    RichtextRaw(Delta<RichtextStateChunk>),
+    Map(MapDelta),
+}
+
 /// Diff is the diff between two versions of a container.
 /// It's used to describe the change of a container and the events.
 ///
 /// # Internal
 ///
-/// SeqRaw & SeqRawUtf16 & RichtextRaw is internal stuff, it should not be exposed to user.
-/// The len inside SeqRaw uses utf8 for Text by default.
-///
-/// Text always uses platform specific indexes:
+/// Text index variants:
 ///
 /// - When `wasm` is enabled, it should use utf16 indexes.
-/// - When `wasm` is disabled, it should use utf8 indexes.
+/// - When `wasm` is disabled, it should use unicode indexes.
 #[non_exhaustive]
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, EnumAsInner, Serialize)]
 pub enum Diff {
     List(Delta<Vec<LoroValue>>),
-    SeqRaw(Delta<SliceRanges>),
-    /// This always uses entity indexes.
-    RichtextRaw(Delta<RichtextStateChunk>),
-    Text(Delta<String, StyleMeta>),
+    /// - When feature `wasm` is enabled, it should use utf16 indexes.
+    /// - When feature `wasm` is disabled, it should use unicode indexes.
+    Text(Delta<StringSlice, StyleMeta>),
     NewMap(MapDelta),
 }
 
+impl InternalDiff {
+    pub(crate) fn compose(self, diff: InternalDiff) -> Result<Self, Self> {
+        // PERF: avoid clone
+        match (self, diff) {
+            (InternalDiff::SeqRaw(a), InternalDiff::SeqRaw(b)) => {
+                Ok(InternalDiff::SeqRaw(a.compose(b)))
+            }
+            (InternalDiff::RichtextRaw(a), InternalDiff::RichtextRaw(b)) => {
+                Ok(InternalDiff::RichtextRaw(a.compose(b)))
+            }
+            (InternalDiff::Map(a), InternalDiff::Map(b)) => Ok(InternalDiff::Map(a.compose(b))),
+            (a, _) => Err(a),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl Diff {
     pub(crate) fn compose(self, diff: Diff) -> Result<Diff, Self> {
         // PERF: avoid clone
         match (self, diff) {
             (Diff::List(a), Diff::List(b)) => Ok(Diff::List(a.compose(b))),
-            (Diff::SeqRaw(a), Diff::SeqRaw(b)) => Ok(Diff::SeqRaw(a.compose(b))),
             (Diff::Text(a), Diff::Text(b)) => Ok(Diff::Text(a.compose(b))),
             (Diff::NewMap(a), Diff::NewMap(b)) => Ok(Diff::NewMap(a.compose(b))),
             (a, _) => Err(a),
         }
     }
 }
-
-impl Default for Diff {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        Diff::List(Delta::default())
-    }
-}
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
index af0de1c3e..4b39c6167 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
@@ -17,8 +17,12 @@ use crate::{
     ContainerType, LoroValue,
 };
 use crate::{
-    container::idx::ContainerIdx, handler::TextHandler, loro::LoroDoc, value::ToJson,
-    version::Frontiers, ApplyDiff, ListHandler, MapHandler,
+    container::{idx::ContainerIdx, richtext::richtext_state::unicode_to_utf8_index},
+    handler::TextHandler,
+    loro::LoroDoc,
+    value::ToJson,
+    version::Frontiers,
+    ApplyDiff, ListHandler, MapHandler,
 };
 
 #[derive(Arbitrary, EnumAsInner, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
@@ -96,9 +100,12 @@ impl Actor {
                 if event.from_children {
                     return;
                 }
+
+                dbg!(&event);
                 let mut text = text.lock().unwrap();
                 match &event.container.diff {
                     Diff::Text(delta) => {
+                        dbg!(delta, &text);
                         let mut index = 0;
                         for item in delta.iter() {
                             match item {
@@ -106,8 +113,9 @@ impl Actor {
                                     index += len;
                                 }
                                 DeltaItem::Insert { value, meta: _ } => {
-                                    text.insert_str(index, value);
-                                    index += value.len();
+                                    let utf8_index = unicode_to_utf8_index(&text, index).unwrap();
+                                    text.insert_str(utf8_index, value.as_str());
+                                    index += value.len_unicode();
                                 }
                                 DeltaItem::Delete { len, .. } => {
                                     text.drain(index..index + *len);
@@ -1278,14 +1286,14 @@ mod failed_tests {
                     site: 4,
                     container_idx: 0,
                     pos: 0,
-                    value: 39064,
+                    value: 39061,
                     is_del: false,
                 },
                 Text {
                     site: 2,
                     container_idx: 0,
                     pos: 0,
-                    value: 39064,
+                    value: 39062,
                     is_del: false,
                 },
                 SyncAll,
@@ -1293,7 +1301,7 @@ mod failed_tests {
                     site: 2,
                     container_idx: 0,
                     pos: 5,
-                    value: 39064,
+                    value: 39063,
                     is_del: false,
                 },
             ],
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
index b2bc29b23..f664125c5 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ use crate::{
     },
     delta::MapValue,
     op::ListSlice,
+    txn::EventHint,
 };
 use enum_as_inner::EnumAsInner;
 use loro_common::{ContainerID, ContainerType, LoroResult, LoroValue};
@@ -163,34 +164,10 @@ impl TextHandler {
             })
     }
 
-    pub fn insert_utf16(&self, txn: &mut Transaction, pos: usize, s: &str) -> LoroResult<()> {
-        let entity_index =
-            self.state
-                .upgrade()
-                .unwrap()
-                .lock()
-                .unwrap()
-                .with_state(self.container_idx, |state| {
-                    state
-                        .as_richtext_state()
-                        .unwrap()
-                        .get_entity_index_for_text_insert_pos(pos)
-                });
-
-        txn.apply_local_op(
-            self.container_idx,
-            crate::op::RawOpContent::List(crate::container::list::list_op::ListOp::Insert {
-                slice: ListSlice::RawStr {
-                    str: Cow::Borrowed(s),
-                    unicode_len: s.chars().count(),
-                },
-                pos: entity_index,
-            }),
-            None,
-            &self.state,
-        )
-    }
-
+    /// `pos` is a Event Index:
+    ///
+    /// - if feature="wasm", pos is a UTF-16 index
+    /// - if feature!="wasm", pos is a Unicode index
     pub fn insert(&self, txn: &mut Transaction, pos: usize, s: &str) -> LoroResult<()> {
         let entity_index =
             self.state
@@ -202,7 +179,7 @@ impl TextHandler {
                     state
                         .as_richtext_state()
                         .unwrap()
-                        .get_entity_index_for_text_insert_pos(pos)
+                        .get_entity_index_for_text_insert_event_index(pos)
                 });
 
         txn.apply_local_op(
@@ -214,11 +191,19 @@ impl TextHandler {
                 },
                 pos: entity_index,
             }),
-            None,
+            EventHint::InsertText {
+                pos,
+                // FIXME: this is wrong
+                styles: vec![],
+            },
             &self.state,
         )
     }
 
+    /// `pos` is a Event Index:
+    ///
+    /// - if feature="wasm", pos is a UTF-16 index
+    /// - if feature!="wasm", pos is a Unicode index
     pub fn delete(&self, txn: &mut Transaction, pos: usize, len: usize) -> LoroResult<()> {
         let ranges =
             self.state
@@ -230,10 +215,11 @@ impl TextHandler {
                     state
                         .as_richtext_state()
                         .unwrap()
-                        .get_text_entity_ranges_in_unicode_range(pos, len)
+                        .get_text_entity_ranges_in_event_index_range(pos, len)
                 });
 
         debug_log::debug_dbg!(&ranges, pos, len);
+        let mut is_first = true;
         for range in ranges.iter().rev() {
             txn.apply_local_op(
                 self.container_idx,
@@ -241,44 +227,23 @@ impl TextHandler {
                     pos: range.start as isize,
                     signed_len: (range.end - range.start) as isize,
                 })),
-                None,
-                &self.state,
-            )?;
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    pub fn delete_utf16(&self, txn: &mut Transaction, pos: usize, len: usize) -> LoroResult<()> {
-        let ranges =
-            self.state
-                .upgrade()
-                .unwrap()
-                .lock()
-                .unwrap()
-                .with_state(self.container_idx, |state| {
-                    state
-                        .as_richtext_state()
-                        .unwrap()
-                        .get_text_entity_ranges_in_utf16_range(pos, len)
-                });
-
-        debug_log::debug_dbg!(&ranges, pos, len);
-        for range in ranges.iter().rev() {
-            txn.apply_local_op(
-                self.container_idx,
-                crate::op::RawOpContent::List(ListOp::Delete(DeleteSpan {
-                    pos: range.start as isize,
-                    signed_len: (range.end - range.start) as isize,
-                })),
-                None,
+                if is_first {
+                    EventHint::DeleteText { pos, len }
+                } else {
+                    EventHint::None
+                },
                 &self.state,
             )?;
+            is_first = false;
         }
 
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    /// `start` and `end` are [Event Index]s:
+    ///
+    /// - if feature="wasm", pos is a UTF-16 index
+    /// - if feature!="wasm", pos is a Unicode index
     pub fn mark(
         &self,
         txn: &mut Transaction,
@@ -304,11 +269,11 @@ impl TextHandler {
                         state
                             .as_richtext_state()
                             .unwrap()
-                            .get_entity_index_for_text_insert_pos(start),
+                            .get_entity_index_for_text_insert_event_index(start),
                         state
                             .as_richtext_state()
                             .unwrap()
-                            .get_entity_index_for_text_insert_pos(end),
+                            .get_entity_index_for_text_insert_event_index(end),
                     )
                 });
 
@@ -320,14 +285,22 @@ impl TextHandler {
                 key: key.into(),
                 info: flag,
             }),
-            None,
+            EventHint::Mark {
+                start,
+                end,
+                style: crate::container::richtext::Style {
+                    key: key.into(),
+                    // FIXME: style meta is incorrect
+                    data: LoroValue::Bool(true),
+                },
+            },
             &self.state,
         )?;
 
         txn.apply_local_op(
             self.container_idx,
             crate::op::RawOpContent::List(ListOp::StyleEnd),
-            None,
+            EventHint::None,
             &self.state,
         )?;
 
@@ -353,10 +326,13 @@ impl ListHandler {
         txn.apply_local_op(
             self.container_idx,
             crate::op::RawOpContent::List(crate::container::list::list_op::ListOp::Insert {
-                slice: ListSlice::RawData(Cow::Owned(vec![v])),
+                slice: ListSlice::RawData(Cow::Owned(vec![v.clone()])),
                 pos,
             }),
-            None,
+            EventHint::InsertList {
+                pos,
+                value: v.clone(),
+            },
             &self.state,
         )
     }
@@ -380,10 +356,13 @@ impl ListHandler {
         txn.apply_local_op(
             self.container_idx,
             crate::op::RawOpContent::List(crate::container::list::list_op::ListOp::Insert {
-                slice: ListSlice::RawData(Cow::Owned(vec![v])),
+                slice: ListSlice::RawData(Cow::Owned(vec![v.clone()])),
                 pos,
             }),
-            None,
+            EventHint::InsertList {
+                pos,
+                value: v.clone(),
+            },
             &self.state,
         )?;
         Ok(Handler::new(child_idx, self.state.clone()))
@@ -400,7 +379,7 @@ impl ListHandler {
                 pos: pos as isize,
                 signed_len: len as isize,
             })),
-            None,
+            EventHint::DeleteList { pos, len },
             &self.state,
         )
     }
@@ -530,9 +509,12 @@ impl MapHandler {
             self.container_idx,
             crate::op::RawOpContent::Map(crate::container::map::MapSet {
                 key: key.into(),
-                value: Some(value),
+                value: Some(value.clone()),
             }),
-            None,
+            EventHint::Map {
+                key: key.into(),
+                value: Some(value.clone()),
+            },
             &self.state,
         )
     }
@@ -551,9 +533,12 @@ impl MapHandler {
             self.container_idx,
             crate::op::RawOpContent::Map(crate::container::map::MapSet {
                 key: key.into(),
-                value: Some(LoroValue::Container(container_id)),
+                value: Some(LoroValue::Container(container_id.clone())),
             }),
-            None,
+            EventHint::Map {
+                key: key.into(),
+                value: Some(LoroValue::Container(container_id)),
+            },
             &self.state,
         )?;
 
@@ -567,7 +552,10 @@ impl MapHandler {
                 key: key.into(),
                 value: None,
             }),
-            None,
+            EventHint::Map {
+                key: key.into(),
+                value: None,
+            },
             &self.state,
         )
     }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/op.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/op.rs
index d0485d6f5..da14fc271 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/op.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/op.rs
@@ -309,9 +309,15 @@ impl SliceRange {
         self.0.start == UNKNOWN_START
     }
 
+    #[inline(always)]
     pub fn new_unknown(size: u32) -> Self {
         Self(UNKNOWN_START..UNKNOWN_START + size)
     }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn to_range(&self) -> Range<usize> {
+        self.0.start as usize..self.0.end as usize
+    }
 }
 
 impl From<Range<u32>> for SliceRange {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
index adc348411..2c9eb595b 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ use loro_common::{ContainerID, LoroResult};
 use crate::{
     configure::{DefaultRandom, SecureRandomGenerator},
     container::{idx::ContainerIdx, ContainerIdRaw},
-    delta::{Delta, DeltaItem, StyleMeta},
-    event::InternalContainerDiff,
-    event::{Diff, Index},
+    delta::{Delta, DeltaItem},
+    event::{Diff, DiffVariant, Index},
+    event::{InternalContainerDiff, InternalDiff},
     fx_map,
     id::PeerID,
     op::{Op, RawOp},
@@ -49,7 +49,12 @@ pub struct DocState {
 
 #[enum_dispatch]
 pub trait ContainerState: Clone {
-    fn apply_diff(&mut self, diff: &mut Diff, arena: &SharedArena);
+    fn apply_diff_and_convert(&mut self, diff: InternalDiff, arena: &SharedArena) -> Diff;
+
+    fn apply_diff(&mut self, diff: InternalDiff, arena: &SharedArena) {
+        self.apply_diff_and_convert(diff, arena);
+    }
+
     fn apply_op(&mut self, raw_op: &RawOp, op: &Op, arena: &SharedArena);
     /// Convert a state to a diff, such that an empty state will be transformed into the same as this state when it's applied.
     fn to_diff(&self) -> Diff;
@@ -218,6 +223,7 @@ impl DocState {
         self.peer
     }
 
+    /// It's expected that diff only contains [`InternalDiff`]
     pub(crate) fn apply_diff(&mut self, mut diff: InternalDocDiff<'static>) {
         if self.in_txn {
             panic!("apply_diff should not be called in a transaction");
@@ -228,6 +234,7 @@ impl DocState {
             unreachable!()
         };
         for diff in inner.iter_mut() {
+            let is_recording = self.is_recording();
             let state = self
                 .states
                 .entry(diff.idx)
@@ -238,7 +245,18 @@ impl DocState {
                 self.changed_idx_in_txn.insert(diff.idx);
             }
 
-            state.apply_diff(&mut diff.diff, &self.arena);
+            let internal_diff = std::mem::replace(
+                &mut diff.diff,
+                DiffVariant::External(Diff::List(Delta::default())),
+            );
+
+            if is_recording {
+                let external_diff = state
+                    .apply_diff_and_convert(internal_diff.into_internal().unwrap(), &self.arena);
+                diff.diff = external_diff.into();
+            } else {
+                state.apply_diff(internal_diff.into_internal().unwrap(), &self.arena);
+            }
         }
 
         self.frontiers = (*diff.new_version).to_owned();
@@ -343,10 +361,10 @@ impl DocState {
                     .iter()
                     .map(|(&idx, state)| InternalContainerDiff {
                         idx,
-                        diff: state.to_diff(),
+                        diff: state.to_diff().into(),
                     })
                     .collect(),
-                new_version: Cow::Owned(frontiers.clone()),
+                new_version: Cow::Borrowed(&frontiers),
             });
         }
 
@@ -563,8 +581,7 @@ impl DocState {
         let local = diffs[0].local;
         for diff in diffs {
             #[allow(clippy::unnecessary_to_owned)]
-            for mut container_diff in diff.diff.into_owned() {
-                self.convert_raw(&mut container_diff.diff, container_diff.idx);
+            for container_diff in diff.diff.into_owned() {
                 let Some((last_container_diff, _)) = containers.get_mut(&container_diff.idx) else {
                     if let Some(path) = self.get_path(container_diff.idx) {
                         containers.insert(container_diff.idx, (container_diff.diff, path));
@@ -579,7 +596,9 @@ impl DocState {
                     continue;
                 };
 
-                *last_container_diff = take(last_container_diff)
+                // TODO: PERF avoid this clone
+                *last_container_diff = last_container_diff
+                    .clone()
                     .compose(container_diff.diff)
                     .unwrap();
             }
@@ -592,7 +611,7 @@ impl DocState {
                 ContainerDiff {
                     id,
                     idx,
-                    diff,
+                    diff: diff.into_external().unwrap(),
                     path,
                 }
             })
@@ -632,40 +651,6 @@ impl DocState {
         ans.reverse();
         Some(ans)
     }
-
-    /// convert seq raw to text/list
-    pub(crate) fn convert_raw(&self, diff: &mut Diff, idx: ContainerIdx) {
-        match diff {
-            Diff::SeqRaw(seq) => {
-                assert_eq!(idx.get_type(), ContainerType::List);
-                let mut list: Delta<Vec<LoroValue>> = Delta::new();
-                for span in seq.iter() {
-                    match span {
-                        DeltaItem::Retain { len, .. } => {
-                            list = list.retain(*len);
-                        }
-                        DeltaItem::Insert { value, .. } => {
-                            let mut arr = Vec::new();
-                            for slice in value.0.iter() {
-                                let values = self
-                                    .arena
-                                    .get_values(slice.0.start as usize..slice.0.end as usize);
-                                arr.extend_from_slice(&values);
-                            }
-
-                            list = list.insert(arr)
-                        }
-                        DeltaItem::Delete { len, .. } => list = list.delete(*len),
-                    }
-                }
-                *diff = Diff::List(list);
-            }
-            Diff::RichtextRaw(seq) => {
-                unreachable!()
-            }
-            _ => {}
-        };
-    }
 }
 
 pub fn create_state(idx: ContainerIdx) -> State {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs
index 1331f6b70..eabbae6ec 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use crate::{
     arena::SharedArena,
     container::{idx::ContainerIdx, ContainerID},
     delta::Delta,
-    event::{Diff, Index},
+    event::{Diff, Index, InternalDiff},
     op::{ListSlice, Op, RawOp, RawOpContent},
     LoroValue,
 };
@@ -354,35 +354,51 @@ impl ListState {
 }
 
 impl ContainerState for ListState {
-    fn apply_diff(&mut self, diff: &mut Diff, arena: &SharedArena) {
+    fn apply_diff_and_convert(&mut self, diff: InternalDiff, arena: &SharedArena) -> Diff {
         match diff {
-            Diff::List(delta) => {
+            InternalDiff::SeqRaw(delta) => {
+                let mut ans: Delta<_> = Delta::default();
                 let mut index = 0;
                 for span in delta.iter() {
                     match span {
                         crate::delta::DeltaItem::Retain { len, .. } => {
                             index += len;
+                            ans = ans.retain(*len);
                         }
                         crate::delta::DeltaItem::Insert { value, .. } => {
-                            let len = value.len();
-                            for value in value.iter() {
-                                if value.is_container() {
-                                    let c = value.as_container().unwrap();
-                                    let idx = arena.register_container(c);
-                                    arena.set_parent(idx, Some(self.idx));
+                            let mut arr = Vec::new();
+                            for slices in value.0.iter() {
+                                for i in slices.0.start..slices.0.end {
+                                    let value = arena.get_value(i as usize).unwrap();
+                                    if value.is_container() {
+                                        let c = value.as_container().unwrap();
+                                        let idx = arena.register_container(c);
+                                        arena.set_parent(idx, Some(self.idx));
+                                    }
+                                    arr.push(value);
                                 }
                             }
-
-                            self.insert_batch(index, value.clone());
+                            ans = ans.insert(arr.clone());
+                            let len = arr.len();
+                            self.insert_batch(index, arr);
                             index += len;
                         }
                         crate::delta::DeltaItem::Delete { len, .. } => {
-                            self.delete_range(index..index + len)
+                            self.delete_range(index..index + len);
+                            ans = ans.delete(*len);
                         }
                     }
                 }
+
+                Diff::List(ans)
             }
-            Diff::SeqRaw(delta) => {
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn apply_diff(&mut self, diff: InternalDiff, arena: &SharedArena) {
+        match diff {
+            InternalDiff::SeqRaw(delta) => {
                 let mut index = 0;
                 for span in delta.iter() {
                     match span {
@@ -407,13 +423,13 @@ impl ContainerState for ListState {
                             index += len;
                         }
                         crate::delta::DeltaItem::Delete { len, .. } => {
-                            self.delete_range(index..index + len)
+                            self.delete_range(index..index + len);
                         }
                     }
                 }
             }
             _ => unreachable!(),
-        };
+        }
     }
 
     fn apply_op(&mut self, op: &RawOp, _: &Op, arena: &SharedArena) {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/map_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/map_state.rs
index 86755891a..797006c95 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/map_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/map_state.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use crate::{
     arena::SharedArena,
     container::{idx::ContainerIdx, map::MapSet},
     delta::MapValue,
-    event::{Diff, Index},
+    event::{Diff, Index, InternalDiff},
     op::{Op, RawOp, RawOpContent},
     InternalString, LoroValue,
 };
@@ -23,18 +23,22 @@ pub struct MapState {
 }
 
 impl ContainerState for MapState {
-    fn apply_diff(&mut self, diff: &mut Diff, arena: &SharedArena) {
-        if let Diff::NewMap(delta) = diff {
-            for (key, value) in delta.updated.iter() {
-                if let Some(LoroValue::Container(c)) = &value.value {
-                    let idx = arena.register_container(c);
-                    arena.set_parent(idx, Some(self.idx));
-                }
-
-                let old = self.map.insert(key.clone(), value.clone());
-                self.store_txn_snapshot(key.clone(), old);
+    fn apply_diff_and_convert(&mut self, diff: InternalDiff, arena: &SharedArena) -> Diff {
+        let InternalDiff::Map(delta) = diff else {
+            unreachable!()
+        };
+
+        for (key, value) in delta.updated.iter() {
+            if let Some(LoroValue::Container(c)) = &value.value {
+                let idx = arena.register_container(c);
+                arena.set_parent(idx, Some(self.idx));
             }
+
+            let old = self.map.insert(key.clone(), value.clone());
+            self.store_txn_snapshot(key.clone(), old);
         }
+
+        Diff::NewMap(delta)
     }
 
     fn apply_op(&mut self, op: &RawOp, _: &Op, arena: &SharedArena) {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
index b1e0250e2..6f05a646e 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
@@ -9,13 +9,16 @@ use crate::{
     arena::SharedArena,
     container::{
         idx::ContainerIdx,
-        richtext::{AnchorType, RichtextState as InnerState, StyleOp, TextStyleInfoFlag},
+        richtext::{
+            query::{EventIndexQuery, Utf16Query},
+            AnchorType, RichtextState as InnerState, Style, StyleOp, TextStyleInfoFlag,
+        },
     },
     container::{list::list_op, richtext::richtext_state::RichtextStateChunk},
-    delta::DeltaItem,
-    event::Diff,
+    delta::{Delta, DeltaItem, StyleMeta},
+    event::{Diff, InternalDiff},
     op::{Op, RawOp},
-    utils::bitmap::BitMap,
+    utils::{bitmap::BitMap, string_slice::StringSlice, utf16::count_utf16_chars},
     InternalString,
 };
 
@@ -75,32 +78,185 @@ enum UndoItem {
 }
 
 impl ContainerState for RichtextState {
-    fn apply_diff(&mut self, diff: &mut Diff, arena: &SharedArena) {
-        let Diff::RichtextRaw(richtext) = diff else {
+    // TODO: refactor
+    fn apply_diff_and_convert(&mut self, diff: InternalDiff, arena: &SharedArena) -> Diff {
+        let InternalDiff::RichtextRaw(richtext) = diff else {
             unreachable!()
         };
 
-        let mut index = 0;
+        debug_log::group!("apply richtext diff and convert");
+        debug_log::debug_dbg!(&richtext);
+        let mut ans: Delta<StringSlice, StyleMeta> = Delta::new();
+        let mut entity_index = 0;
+        let mut event_index = 0;
+        let mut last_style_index = 0;
         let mut style_starts: FxHashMap<Arc<StyleOp>, usize> = FxHashMap::default();
         for span in richtext.vec.iter() {
             match span {
-                crate::delta::DeltaItem::Retain { len, meta } => {
-                    index += len;
+                crate::delta::DeltaItem::Retain { len, .. } => {
+                    entity_index += len;
                 }
-                crate::delta::DeltaItem::Insert { value, meta } => {
+                crate::delta::DeltaItem::Insert { value, .. } => {
                     match value {
                         RichtextStateChunk::Text { unicode_len, text } => {
-                            self.state.insert_elem_at_entity_index(
-                                index,
+                            let (pos, styles) = self.state.insert_elem_at_entity_index(
+                                entity_index,
                                 RichtextStateChunk::Text {
                                     unicode_len: *unicode_len,
                                     text: text.clone(),
                                 },
                             );
+                            let insert_styles = StyleMeta {
+                                vec: styles
+                                    .iter()
+                                    .flat_map(|(_, value)| value.to_styles())
+                                    .collect(),
+                            };
+
+                            if pos > event_index {
+                                let mut new_len = 0;
+                                for (len, styles) in self
+                                    .state
+                                    .iter_styles_in_event_index_range(event_index..pos)
+                                {
+                                    new_len += len;
+                                    ans = ans.retain_with_meta(
+                                        len,
+                                        StyleMeta {
+                                            vec: styles
+                                                .iter()
+                                                .flat_map(|(_, value)| value.to_styles())
+                                                .collect(),
+                                        },
+                                    );
+                                }
+
+                                assert_eq!(new_len, pos - event_index);
+                            }
+                            event_index = pos
+                                + (if cfg!(feature = "wasm") {
+                                    count_utf16_chars(text)
+                                } else {
+                                    *unicode_len as usize
+                                });
+                            ans = ans
+                                .insert_with_meta(StringSlice::from(text.clone()), insert_styles);
                         }
                         RichtextStateChunk::Style { style, anchor_type } => {
+                            match anchor_type {
+                                AnchorType::Start => {}
+                                AnchorType::End => {
+                                    last_style_index = event_index;
+                                }
+                            }
+                            self.state.insert_elem_at_entity_index(
+                                entity_index,
+                                RichtextStateChunk::Style {
+                                    style: style.clone(),
+                                    anchor_type: *anchor_type,
+                                },
+                            );
+
+                            if *anchor_type == AnchorType::Start {
+                                style_starts.insert(style.clone(), entity_index);
+                            } else {
+                                let start_pos =
+                                    style_starts.get(style).expect("Style start not found");
+                                // we need to + 1 because we also need to annotate the end anchor
+                                self.state.annotate_style_range(
+                                    *start_pos..entity_index + 1,
+                                    style.clone(),
+                                );
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    self.undo_stack.push(UndoItem::Insert {
+                        index: entity_index as u32,
+                        len: value.rle_len() as u32,
+                    });
+                    entity_index += value.rle_len();
+                }
+                crate::delta::DeltaItem::Delete { len, meta: _ } => {
+                    let (content, start, end) =
+                        self.state.drain_by_entity_index(entity_index, *len);
+                    for span in content {
+                        self.undo_stack.push(UndoItem::Delete {
+                            index: entity_index as u32,
+                            content: span,
+                        })
+                    }
+                    if start > event_index {
+                        for (len, styles) in self
+                            .state
+                            .iter_styles_in_event_index_range(event_index..start)
+                        {
+                            ans = ans.retain_with_meta(
+                                len,
+                                StyleMeta {
+                                    vec: styles
+                                        .iter()
+                                        .flat_map(|(_, value)| value.to_styles())
+                                        .collect(),
+                                },
+                            );
+                        }
+
+                        event_index = start;
+                    }
+
+                    ans = ans.delete(end - start);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if last_style_index > event_index {
+            for (len, styles) in self
+                .state
+                .iter_styles_in_event_index_range(event_index..last_style_index)
+            {
+                ans = ans.retain_with_meta(
+                    len,
+                    StyleMeta {
+                        vec: styles
+                            .iter()
+                            .flat_map(|(_, value)| value.to_styles())
+                            .collect(),
+                    },
+                );
+            }
+        }
+
+        debug_log::debug_dbg!(&ans);
+        debug_log::group_end!();
+        Diff::Text(ans)
+    }
+
+    fn apply_diff(&mut self, diff: InternalDiff, _arena: &SharedArena) {
+        let InternalDiff::RichtextRaw(richtext) = diff else {
+            unreachable!()
+        };
+
+        let mut style_starts: FxHashMap<Arc<StyleOp>, usize> = FxHashMap::default();
+        let mut entity_index = 0;
+        for span in richtext.vec.iter() {
+            match span {
+                crate::delta::DeltaItem::Retain { len, meta: _ } => {
+                    entity_index += len;
+                }
+                crate::delta::DeltaItem::Insert { value, meta: _ } => {
+                    match value {
+                        RichtextStateChunk::Text { unicode_len, text } => {
                             self.state.insert_elem_at_entity_index(
-                                index,
+                                entity_index,
+                                RichtextStateChunk::Text {
+                                    unicode_len: *unicode_len,
+                                    text: text.clone(),
+                                },
+                            );
+                        }
+                        RichtextStateChunk::Style { style, anchor_type } => {
+                            let (pos, _) = self.state.insert_elem_at_entity_index(
+                                entity_index,
                                 RichtextStateChunk::Style {
                                     style: style.clone(),
                                     anchor_type: *anchor_type,
@@ -108,27 +264,30 @@ impl ContainerState for RichtextState {
                             );
 
                             if *anchor_type == AnchorType::Start {
-                                style_starts.insert(style.clone(), index);
+                                style_starts.insert(style.clone(), entity_index);
                             } else {
                                 let start_pos =
                                     style_starts.get(style).expect("Style start not found");
                                 // we need to + 1 because we also need to annotate the end anchor
-                                self.state
-                                    .annotate_style_range(*start_pos..index + 1, style.clone());
+                                self.state.annotate_style_range(
+                                    *start_pos..entity_index + 1,
+                                    style.clone(),
+                                );
                             }
                         }
                     }
                     self.undo_stack.push(UndoItem::Insert {
-                        index: index as u32,
+                        index: entity_index as u32,
                         len: value.rle_len() as u32,
                     });
-                    index += value.rle_len();
+                    entity_index += value.rle_len();
                 }
-                crate::delta::DeltaItem::Delete { len, meta } => {
-                    let content = self.state.drain_by_entity_index(index, *len);
+                crate::delta::DeltaItem::Delete { len, meta: _ } => {
+                    let (content, _start, _end) =
+                        self.state.drain_by_entity_index(entity_index, *len);
                     for span in content {
                         self.undo_stack.push(UndoItem::Delete {
-                            index: index as u32,
+                            index: entity_index as u32,
                             content: span,
                         })
                     }
@@ -157,6 +316,7 @@ impl ContainerState for RichtextState {
                     for span in self
                         .state
                         .drain_by_entity_index(del.start() as usize, rle::HasLength::atom_len(&del))
+                        .0
                     {
                         if self.in_txn {
                             self.undo_stack.push(UndoItem::Delete {
@@ -191,14 +351,14 @@ impl ContainerState for RichtextState {
 
     fn to_diff(&self) -> Diff {
         let mut delta = crate::delta::Delta::new();
-        for span in self.state.iter_chunk() {
+        for span in self.state.iter() {
             delta.vec.push(DeltaItem::Insert {
-                value: span.clone(),
-                meta: (),
+                value: span.text,
+                meta: StyleMeta { vec: span.styles },
             })
         }
 
-        Diff::RichtextRaw(delta)
+        Diff::Text(delta)
     }
 
     fn start_txn(&mut self) {
@@ -266,22 +426,25 @@ impl RichtextState {
     }
 
     #[inline(always)]
-    pub(crate) fn get_entity_index_for_text_insert_pos(&self, pos: usize) -> usize {
-        self.state.get_entity_index_for_text_insert_pos(pos)
+    pub(crate) fn get_entity_index_for_text_insert_event_index(&self, pos: usize) -> usize {
+        self.state
+            .get_entity_index_for_text_insert::<EventIndexQuery>(pos)
     }
 
     #[inline(always)]
     pub(crate) fn get_entity_index_for_utf16_insert_pos(&self, pos: usize) -> usize {
-        self.state.get_entity_index_for_utf16_insert_pos(pos)
+        self.state
+            .get_entity_index_for_text_insert::<Utf16Query>(pos)
     }
 
     #[inline(always)]
-    pub(crate) fn get_text_entity_ranges_in_unicode_range(
+    pub(crate) fn get_text_entity_ranges_in_event_index_range(
         &self,
         pos: usize,
         len: usize,
     ) -> Vec<Range<usize>> {
-        self.state.get_text_entity_ranges_in_unicode_range(pos, len)
+        self.state
+            .get_text_entity_ranges::<EventIndexQuery>(pos, len)
     }
 
     #[inline(always)]
@@ -290,7 +453,7 @@ impl RichtextState {
         pos: usize,
         len: usize,
     ) -> Vec<Range<usize>> {
-        self.state.get_text_entity_ranges_in_utf16_range(pos, len)
+        self.state.get_text_entity_ranges::<Utf16Query>(pos, len)
     }
 
     #[inline(always)]
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
index c68687f3b..261ae2d6b 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ use crate::{
     container::{
         idx::ContainerIdx,
         list::list_op::InnerListOp,
-        richtext::{richtext_state::RichtextStateChunk, AnchorType, StyleOp},
+        richtext::{richtext_state::RichtextStateChunk, AnchorType, Style, StyleOp},
         IntoContainerId,
     },
     delta::{Delta, MapValue},
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ use crate::{
     id::{Counter, PeerID, ID},
     op::{Op, RawOp, RawOpContent, SliceRanges},
     span::HasIdSpan,
+    utils::string_slice::StringSlice,
     version::Frontiers,
     InternalString, LoroError, LoroValue,
 };
@@ -59,7 +60,35 @@ pub struct Transaction {
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, EnumAsInner)]
 pub(super) enum EventHint {
-    Utf16 { pos: usize, len: usize },
+    Mark {
+        start: usize,
+        end: usize,
+        style: Style,
+    },
+    InsertText {
+        /// pos is a Unicode index. If wasm, it's a UTF-16 index.
+        pos: usize,
+        styles: Vec<Style>,
+    },
+    DeleteText {
+        /// pos is a Unicode index. If wasm, it's a UTF-16 index.
+        pos: usize,
+        /// len is a Unicode length. If wasm, it's a UTF-16 length.
+        len: usize,
+    },
+    InsertList {
+        pos: usize,
+        value: LoroValue,
+    },
+    DeleteList {
+        pos: usize,
+        len: usize,
+    },
+    Map {
+        key: InternalString,
+        value: Option<LoroValue>,
+    },
+    None,
 }
 
 impl Transaction {
@@ -181,10 +210,17 @@ impl Transaction {
 
         state.commit_txn(
             Frontiers::from_id(last_id),
-            diff.map(|x| InternalDocDiff {
+            diff.map(|arr| InternalDocDiff {
                 local: true,
                 origin: self.origin.clone(),
-                diff: Cow::Owned(x),
+                diff: Cow::Owned(
+                    arr.into_iter()
+                        .map(|x| InternalContainerDiff {
+                            idx: x.idx,
+                            diff: x.diff.into(),
+                        })
+                        .collect(),
+                ),
                 new_version: Cow::Borrowed(oplog.frontiers()),
             }),
         );
@@ -200,8 +236,7 @@ impl Transaction {
         &mut self,
         container: ContainerIdx,
         content: RawOpContent,
-        // we need extra hint to reduce calculation for utf16 text op
-        hint: Option<EventHint>,
+        event: EventHint,
         // check whther context and txn are refering to the same state context
         state_ref: &Weak<Mutex<DocState>>,
     ) -> LoroResult<()> {
@@ -227,9 +262,7 @@ impl Transaction {
         let op = self.arena.convert_raw_op(&raw_op);
         state.apply_local_op(&raw_op, &op)?;
         drop(state);
-        if let Some(hint) = hint {
-            self.event_hints.insert(raw_op.id.counter, hint);
-        }
+        self.event_hints.insert(raw_op.id.counter, event);
         self.local_ops.push(op);
         self.next_counter += len as Counter;
         self.next_lamport += len as Lamport;
@@ -293,109 +326,77 @@ impl Drop for Transaction {
     }
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub(crate) struct TxnContainerDiff {
+    pub(crate) idx: ContainerIdx,
+    pub(crate) diff: Diff,
+}
+
 // PERF: could be compacter
 fn change_to_diff(
     change: &Change,
     arena: &SharedArena,
-    event_hints: FxHashMap<Counter, EventHint>,
-) -> Vec<InternalContainerDiff> {
-    let mut diff = Vec::with_capacity(change.ops.len());
+    mut event_hints: FxHashMap<Counter, EventHint>,
+) -> Vec<TxnContainerDiff> {
+    let mut ans: Vec<TxnContainerDiff> = Vec::with_capacity(change.ops.len());
     let peer = change.id.peer;
     let mut lamport = change.lamport;
-    let mut style_op = None;
     for op in change.ops.iter() {
         let counter = op.counter;
-        let diff_op =
-            if let Some(hint) = event_hints.get(&counter) {
-                match hint {
-                    EventHint::Utf16 { pos, len } => {
-                        // only use utf16 pos & len in wasm context
-                        assert!(cfg!(feature = "wasm"));
-                        todo!()
-                    }
+        let Some(hint) = event_hints.remove(&counter) else {
+            unreachable!()
+        };
+        'outer: {
+            let diff: Diff = match hint {
+                EventHint::Mark { start, end, style } => {
+                    Diff::Text(Delta::new().retain(start).retain_with_meta(
+                        end - start,
+                        crate::delta::StyleMeta { vec: vec![style] },
+                    ))
+                }
+                EventHint::InsertText { pos, styles } => {
+                    let range = op.content.as_list().unwrap().as_insert().unwrap().0;
+                    let slice = arena.slice_by_unicode(range.to_range());
+                    Diff::Text(
+                        Delta::new()
+                            .retain(pos)
+                            .insert_with_meta(slice, crate::delta::StyleMeta { vec: styles }),
+                    )
+                }
+                EventHint::DeleteText { pos, len } => {
+                    Diff::Text(Delta::new().retain(pos).delete(len))
+                }
+                EventHint::InsertList { pos, value } => {
+                    Diff::List(Delta::new().retain(pos).insert(vec![value]))
+                }
+                EventHint::DeleteList { pos, len } => {
+                    Diff::List(Delta::new().retain(pos).delete(len))
                 }
-            } else {
-                InternalContainerDiff {
-                    idx: op.container,
-                    diff: match &op.container.get_type() {
-                        ContainerType::Text => {
-                            let list = op.content.as_list().unwrap();
-                            match list {
-                                InnerListOp::Insert { slice, pos } => {
-                                    Diff::RichtextRaw(Delta::new().retain(*pos).insert(
-                                        RichtextStateChunk::new_text(arena.slice_by_unicode(
-                                            slice.0.start as usize..slice.0.end as usize,
-                                        )),
-                                    ))
-                                }
-                                InnerListOp::Delete(del) => Diff::RichtextRaw(
-                                    Delta::new().retain(del.start() as usize).delete(del.len()),
-                                ),
-                                InnerListOp::StyleStart {
-                                    start,
-                                    end,
-                                    key,
-                                    info,
-                                } => {
-                                    let new_style = Arc::new(StyleOp {
-                                        lamport,
-                                        peer,
-                                        cnt: op.counter,
-                                        key: key.clone(),
-                                        info: *info,
-                                    });
-                                    style_op = Some((new_style.clone(), *end));
-                                    Diff::RichtextRaw(Delta::new().retain(*start as usize).insert(
-                                        RichtextStateChunk::new_style(new_style, AnchorType::Start),
-                                    ))
-                                }
-                                InnerListOp::StyleEnd => {
-                                    let (style, pos) = style_op.take().unwrap();
-                                    Diff::RichtextRaw(Delta::new().retain(pos as usize).insert(
-                                        RichtextStateChunk::new_style(style, AnchorType::End),
-                                    ))
-                                }
-                            }
-                        }
-                        ContainerType::Map => {
-                            let map = op.content.as_map().unwrap();
-                            let value = map.value.and_then(|v| arena.get_value(v as usize));
-                            let mut updated: FxHashMap<_, _> = Default::default();
-                            updated.insert(
-                                map.key.clone(),
-                                MapValue {
-                                    counter,
-                                    value,
-                                    lamport: (lamport, peer),
-                                },
-                            );
-                            Diff::NewMap(crate::delta::MapDelta { updated })
-                        }
-                        ContainerType::List => {
-                            let list = op.content.as_list().unwrap();
-                            match list {
-                                InnerListOp::Insert { slice, pos } => Diff::SeqRaw(
-                                    Delta::new()
-                                        .retain(*pos)
-                                        .insert(SliceRanges(smallvec![slice.clone()])),
-                                ),
-                                InnerListOp::Delete(del) => Diff::SeqRaw(
-                                    Delta::new()
-                                        .retain(del.pos as usize)
-                                        .delete(del.signed_len as usize),
-                                ),
-                                _ => unreachable!(),
-                            }
-                        }
-                    },
+                EventHint::Map { key, value } => {
+                    Diff::NewMap(crate::delta::MapDelta::new().with_entry(
+                        key,
+                        MapValue {
+                            counter: op.counter,
+                            value,
+                            lamport: (lamport, peer),
+                        },
+                    ))
+                }
+                EventHint::None => {
+                    // do nothing
+                    break 'outer;
                 }
             };
 
+            ans.push(TxnContainerDiff {
+                idx: op.container,
+                diff,
+            });
+        }
+
         lamport += op.content_len() as Lamport;
-        diff.push(diff_op);
     }
 
-    debug_assert!(style_op.is_none(), "style op should be closed");
-    debug_dbg!(&diff);
-    diff
+    debug_dbg!(&ans);
+    ans
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/utils/mod.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/utils/mod.rs
index 4910d5955..5ac5d713b 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/utils/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/utils/mod.rs
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 pub(crate) mod bitmap;
+pub mod string_slice;
 pub(crate) mod utf16;
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/utils/string_slice.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/utils/string_slice.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d13f8db67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/utils/string_slice.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+use std::{fmt::Debug, ops::Deref};
+
+use append_only_bytes::BytesSlice;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Deserializer, Serialize};
+
+use crate::{
+    container::richtext::richtext_state::{unicode_to_utf8_index, utf16_to_utf8_index},
+    delta::DeltaValue,
+};
+
+use super::utf16::{count_unicode_chars, count_utf16_chars};
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct StringSlice {
+    bytes: Variant,
+}
+
+impl PartialEq for StringSlice {
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        self.as_str() == other.as_str()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Eq for StringSlice {}
+
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+enum Variant {
+    BytesSlice(BytesSlice),
+    Owned(String),
+}
+
+impl From<String> for StringSlice {
+    fn from(s: String) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            bytes: Variant::Owned(s),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<BytesSlice> for StringSlice {
+    fn from(s: BytesSlice) -> Self {
+        Self::new(s)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<&str> for StringSlice {
+    fn from(s: &str) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            bytes: Variant::Owned(s.to_string()),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Debug for StringSlice {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("StringSlice")
+            .field("bytes", &self.as_str())
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+impl StringSlice {
+    pub fn new(s: BytesSlice) -> Self {
+        std::str::from_utf8(&s).unwrap();
+        Self {
+            bytes: Variant::BytesSlice(s),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn as_str(&self) -> &str {
+        match &self.bytes {
+            // SAFETY: `bytes` is always valid utf8
+            Variant::BytesSlice(s) => unsafe { std::str::from_utf8_unchecked(s) },
+            Variant::Owned(s) => &s,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn to_string(&self) -> String {
+        self.as_str().to_string()
+    }
+
+    pub fn len_bytes(&self) -> usize {
+        match &self.bytes {
+            Variant::BytesSlice(s) => s.len(),
+            Variant::Owned(s) => s.len(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn bytes(&self) -> &[u8] {
+        match &self.bytes {
+            Variant::BytesSlice(s) => s.deref(),
+            Variant::Owned(s) => s.as_bytes(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn len_unicode(&self) -> usize {
+        count_unicode_chars(self.bytes())
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+        self.bytes().is_empty()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for StringSlice {
+    fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
+    where
+        D: Deserializer<'de>,
+    {
+        let s = String::deserialize(deserializer)?;
+        Ok(s.into())
+    }
+}
+
+impl Serialize for StringSlice {
+    fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
+    where
+        S: serde::Serializer,
+    {
+        serializer.serialize_str(self.as_str())
+    }
+}
+
+impl DeltaValue for StringSlice {
+    fn value_extend(&mut self, other: Self) -> Result<(), Self> {
+        match (&mut self.bytes, &other.bytes) {
+            (Variant::BytesSlice(s), Variant::BytesSlice(o)) => match s.try_merge(o) {
+                Ok(_) => Ok(()),
+                Err(_) => Err(other),
+            },
+            (Variant::Owned(s), _) => {
+                s.push_str(other.as_str());
+                Ok(())
+            }
+            _ => Err(other),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn take(&mut self, length: usize) -> Self {
+        let length = if cfg!(feature = "wasm") {
+            utf16_to_utf8_index(self.as_str(), length).unwrap()
+        } else {
+            unicode_to_utf8_index(self.as_str(), length).unwrap()
+        };
+
+        match &mut self.bytes {
+            Variant::BytesSlice(s) => {
+                let mut other = s.slice_clone(length..);
+                s.slice_(..length);
+                std::mem::swap(s, &mut other);
+                Self {
+                    bytes: Variant::BytesSlice(other),
+                }
+            }
+            Variant::Owned(s) => {
+                let mut other = s.split_off(length);
+                std::mem::swap(s, &mut other);
+                Self {
+                    bytes: Variant::Owned(other),
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Unicode length of the string
+    /// Utf16 length when in WASM
+    fn length(&self) -> usize {
+        if cfg!(feature = "wasm") {
+            count_utf16_chars(self.bytes())
+        } else {
+            count_unicode_chars(self.bytes())
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/utils/utf16.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/utils/utf16.rs
index 74d930018..1c4866bce 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/utils/utf16.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/utils/utf16.rs
@@ -35,6 +35,12 @@ pub fn count_utf16_chars(utf8_str: &[u8]) -> usize {
     utf16_count
 }
 
+// TODO: FIXME: Tests
+/// Count unicode chars in a utf8 string
+pub fn count_unicode_chars(s: &[u8]) -> usize {
+    std::str::from_utf8(s).unwrap().chars().count()
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
index 691fbb3c3..749485244 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
@@ -65,8 +65,8 @@ impl ApplyDiff for LoroValue {
                                 index += len;
                             }
                             DeltaItem::Insert { value, .. } => {
-                                s.insert_str(index, value);
-                                index += value.len();
+                                s.insert_str(index, value.as_str());
+                                index += value.len_bytes();
                             }
                             DeltaItem::Delete { len, .. } => {
                                 s.drain(index..index + len);
@@ -138,8 +138,6 @@ impl ApplyDiff for LoroValue {
             Diff::List(_) => TypeHint::List,
             Diff::Text(_) => TypeHint::Text,
             Diff::NewMap(_) => TypeHint::Map,
-            Diff::SeqRaw(_) => TypeHint::Text,
-            Diff::RichtextRaw(_) => TypeHint::Richtext,
         };
         {
             let mut hints = Vec::with_capacity(path.len());
@@ -300,23 +298,6 @@ pub mod wasm {
 
                     js_sys::Reflect::set(&obj, &JsValue::from_str("updated"), &map.into()).unwrap();
                 }
-                Diff::SeqRaw(text) => {
-                    // set type as "text"
-                    js_sys::Reflect::set(
-                        &obj,
-                        &JsValue::from_str("type"),
-                        &JsValue::from_str("seq_raw"),
-                    )
-                    .unwrap();
-                    // set diff as array
-                    js_sys::Reflect::set(
-                        &obj,
-                        &JsValue::from_str("diff"),
-                        &serde_wasm_bindgen::to_value(&text).unwrap(),
-                    )
-                    .unwrap();
-                }
-                Diff::RichtextRaw(_) => todo!(),
             };
 
             // convert object to js value
diff --git a/crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs b/crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs
index de51b4c5c..16c9d1782 100644
--- a/crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs
@@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ impl LoroText {
         index: usize,
         content: &str,
     ) -> JsResult<()> {
-        self.0.insert_utf16(txn.as_mut()?, index, content)?;
+        self.0.insert(txn.as_mut()?, index, content)?;
         Ok(())
     }
 
@@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ impl LoroText {
         index: usize,
         len: usize,
     ) -> JsResult<()> {
-        self.0.delete_utf16(txn.as_mut()?, index, len)?;
+        self.0.delete(txn.as_mut()?, index, len)?;
         Ok(())
     }
 

From 7eac42fd4281e07ae9ad3fdd22c115287d4844d8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zixuan Chen <remch183@outlook.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Oct 2023 23:56:32 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 090/111] fix: fuzz err

---
 .../src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs  | 67 ++++++-------------
 crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz.rs              | 10 +++
 crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs           |  2 +
 3 files changed, 33 insertions(+), 46 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
index 0c966053d..873364179 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
@@ -824,69 +824,37 @@ impl RichtextState {
     // TODO: refactor extract common code
     pub(crate) fn get_text_entity_ranges<Q: Query<RichtextTreeTrait, QueryArg = usize>>(
         &self,
-        mut pos: usize,
-        mut len: usize,
+        pos: usize,
+        len: usize,
     ) -> Vec<Range<usize>> {
         if self.tree.is_empty() {
             return Vec::new();
         }
 
-        pos = pos.min(self.len_unicode());
-        len = len.min(self.len_unicode() - pos);
         if len == 0 {
             return Vec::new();
         }
 
-        let mut ans = Vec::new();
+        let mut ans: Vec<Range<usize>> = Vec::new();
         let start = self.tree.query::<Q>(&pos).unwrap().cursor;
         let end = self.tree.query::<Q>(&(pos + len)).unwrap().cursor;
+        // TODO: assert end cursor is valid
         let mut entity_index = self.get_entity_index_from_path(start);
         for span in self.tree.iter_range(start..end) {
             let start = span.start.unwrap_or(0);
             let end = span.end.unwrap_or(span.elem.rle_len());
             let len = end - start;
             match span.elem {
-                RichtextStateChunk::Text { unicode_len, .. } => {
-                    ans.push(entity_index..entity_index + len);
-                    entity_index += *unicode_len as usize;
-                }
-                RichtextStateChunk::Style { .. } => {
-                    ans.push(entity_index..entity_index + 1);
-                    entity_index += 1;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        ans
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn get_text_entity_ranges_in_utf16_range(
-        &self,
-        mut pos: usize,
-        mut len: usize,
-    ) -> Vec<Range<usize>> {
-        if self.tree.is_empty() {
-            return Vec::new();
-        }
-
-        pos = pos.min(self.len_utf16());
-        len = len.min(self.len_utf16() - pos);
-        if len == 0 {
-            return Vec::new();
-        }
-
-        let mut ans = Vec::new();
-        let start = self.tree.query::<Utf16Query>(&pos).unwrap().cursor;
-        let end = self.tree.query::<Utf16Query>(&(pos + len)).unwrap().cursor;
-        let mut entity_index = self.get_entity_index_from_path(start);
-        for span in self.tree.iter_range(start..end) {
-            let start = span.start.unwrap_or(0);
-            let end = span.end.unwrap_or(span.elem.rle_len());
-            let len = end - start;
-            match span.elem {
-                RichtextStateChunk::Text { unicode_len, .. } => {
-                    ans.push(entity_index..entity_index + len);
-                    entity_index += *unicode_len as usize;
+                RichtextStateChunk::Text { .. } => {
+                    match ans.last_mut() {
+                        Some(last) if last.end == entity_index => {
+                            last.end += len;
+                        }
+                        _ => {
+                            ans.push(entity_index..entity_index + len);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    entity_index += len;
                 }
                 RichtextStateChunk::Style { .. } => {
                     ans.push(entity_index..entity_index + 1);
@@ -906,6 +874,13 @@ impl RichtextState {
         pos: usize,
         len: usize,
     ) -> (impl Iterator<Item = RichtextStateChunk> + '_, usize, usize) {
+        assert!(
+            pos + len <= self.len_entity(),
+            "pos: {}, len: {}, self.len(): {}",
+            pos,
+            len,
+            self.len_entity()
+        );
         // FIXME: need to check whether style is removed when its anchors are removed
         self.style_ranges.delete(pos..pos + len);
         let range = pos..pos + len;
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz.rs
index 2204abc8c..140f3b9d4 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz.rs
@@ -177,6 +177,14 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<LoroDoc> {
         match action {
             Action::Ins { pos, site, .. } => {
                 *site %= self.len() as u8;
+                *pos %= self[*site as usize]
+                    .app_state()
+                    .lock()
+                    .unwrap()
+                    .get_text("text")
+                    .unwrap()
+                    .len_unicode()
+                    + 1;
             }
             Action::Del { pos, len, site } => {
                 *site %= self.len() as u8;
@@ -186,6 +194,8 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<LoroDoc> {
                     *len = 0;
                     *pos = 0;
                 }
+                *pos %= text.len_unicode();
+                *len = (*len).min(text.len_unicode() - (*pos));
             }
             Action::Sync { from, to } => {
                 *from %= self.len() as u8;
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
index f664125c5..e7bf5da3b 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
@@ -205,6 +205,7 @@ impl TextHandler {
     /// - if feature="wasm", pos is a UTF-16 index
     /// - if feature!="wasm", pos is a Unicode index
     pub fn delete(&self, txn: &mut Transaction, pos: usize, len: usize) -> LoroResult<()> {
+        debug_log::group!("delete pos={} len={}", pos, len);
         let ranges =
             self.state
                 .upgrade()
@@ -237,6 +238,7 @@ impl TextHandler {
             is_first = false;
         }
 
+        debug_log::group_end!();
         Ok(())
     }
 

From 1d5057166efacb0be6f0493c31538cdf6eae9fd6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zixuan Chen <remch183@outlook.com>
Date: Wed, 18 Oct 2023 00:07:55 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 091/111] fix: pass all tests

---
 crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs  | 3 +--
 crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs         | 2 +-
 .../src/container/richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs             | 1 -
 crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs          | 3 +--
 crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs                               | 2 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs                    | 2 +-
 6 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
index 873364179..14c0e0afd 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
@@ -249,7 +249,6 @@ impl Sliceable for RichtextStateChunk {
 }
 
 pub(crate) fn unicode_to_utf8_index(s: &str, unicode_index: usize) -> Option<usize> {
-    dbg!(s, unicode_index);
     let mut current_unicode_index = 0;
     for (byte_index, _) in s.char_indices() {
         if current_unicode_index == unicode_index {
@@ -887,7 +886,7 @@ impl RichtextState {
         let start = self.tree.query::<EntityQuery>(&range.start);
         let end = self.tree.query::<EntityQuery>(&range.end);
         let start_event_index = self.cursor_to_event_index(start.unwrap().cursor);
-        let end_event_index = self.cursor_to_event_index(start.unwrap().cursor);
+        let end_event_index = self.cursor_to_event_index(end.unwrap().cursor);
         (
             generic_btree::iter::Drain::new(&mut self.tree, start, end),
             start_event_index,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs
index c0620c7a7..ec2aeb8f3 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ impl Tracker {
     ) -> impl Iterator<Item = CrdtRopeDelta> + '_ {
         self._checkout(from, false);
         self._checkout(to, true);
-        debug_log::debug_dbg!(&from, &to, &self,);
+        // debug_log::debug_dbg!(&from, &to, &self,);
         self.rope.get_diff()
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs
index 4047e5040..95c273dfb 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs
@@ -67,7 +67,6 @@ impl IdToCursor {
         let mut offset_in_insert_set = 0;
         let mut counter = 0;
 
-        debug_log::debug_dbg!(iter_id_span);
         if !list.is_empty() {
             index = match list.binary_search_by_key(&iter_id_span.counter.start, |x| x.counter) {
                 Ok(index) => index,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
index 4b39c6167..1782ca5a4 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ impl Actor {
 
         let root_value = Arc::clone(&actor.value_tracker);
         actor.loro.subscribe_deep(Arc::new(move |event| {
+            debug_dbg!(&event);
             let mut root_value = root_value.lock().unwrap();
             debug_dbg!(&event);
             root_value.apply(
@@ -101,11 +102,9 @@ impl Actor {
                     return;
                 }
 
-                dbg!(&event);
                 let mut text = text.lock().unwrap();
                 match &event.container.diff {
                     Diff::Text(delta) => {
-                        dbg!(delta, &text);
                         let mut index = 0;
                         for item in delta.iter() {
                             match item {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs
index 4ef1a51ba..f9097d673 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ impl LoroDoc {
                 let old_vv = oplog.vv().clone();
                 let old_frontiers = oplog.frontiers().clone();
                 oplog.decode(bytes)?;
-                debug_log::debug_dbg!(&oplog);
+                // debug_log::debug_dbg!(&oplog);
                 if !self.detached {
                     let mut diff = DiffCalculator::default();
                     let diff = diff.calc_diff_internal(
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
index cba6d7d2e..7638ea5ae 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
@@ -611,7 +611,7 @@ fn preprocess_app_state(app_state: &DocState) -> PreEncodedState {
         text: app_state.arena.slice_by_unicode(..).deref().to_vec().into(),
     };
 
-    debug_log::debug_dbg!(&encoded);
+    // debug_log::debug_dbg!(&encoded);
     PreEncodedState {
         common,
         arena,

From 64af52a7794c473f46c97f822b0fa5688427f716 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zixuan Chen <remch183@outlook.com>
Date: Wed, 18 Oct 2023 01:55:02 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 092/111] fix: fuzz err

---
 crates/loro-internal/deno.lock                |   5 +-
 crates/loro-internal/fuzz/Cargo.lock          | 107 +++++++++++++++---
 .../loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs   |   2 +-
 .../src/container/richtext/tracker.rs         |   5 +-
 .../container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs   |  23 ++--
 .../richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs          |   9 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs         |   4 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz.rs              |  72 +++++++++++-
 .../src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs          |  57 ++++++++++
 .../loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs |   2 +-
 10 files changed, 251 insertions(+), 35 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/deno.lock b/crates/loro-internal/deno.lock
index 6918a0d80..138ebc455 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/deno.lock
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/deno.lock
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 {
-  "version": "2",
+  "version": "3",
+  "redirects": {
+    "https://x.nest.land/std@0.73.0/path/mod.ts": "https://lra6z45nakk5lnu3yjchp7tftsdnwwikwr65ocha5eojfnlgu4sa.arweave.net/XEHs860CldW2m8JEd_5lnIbbWQq0fdcI4OkckrVmpyQ/path/mod.ts"
+  },
   "remote": {
     "https://deno.land/std@0.105.0/_util/assert.ts": "2f868145a042a11d5ad0a3c748dcf580add8a0dbc0e876eaa0026303a5488f58",
     "https://deno.land/std@0.105.0/_util/os.ts": "dfb186cc4e968c770ab6cc3288bd65f4871be03b93beecae57d657232ecffcac",
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/fuzz/Cargo.lock b/crates/loro-internal/fuzz/Cargo.lock
index 5122c1a30..91a347369 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/fuzz/Cargo.lock
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/fuzz/Cargo.lock
@@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ checksum = "250f629c0161ad8107cf89319e990051fae62832fd343083bea452d93e2205fd"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "append-only-bytes"
-version = "0.1.8"
+version = "0.1.11"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "dd736657a12852ffb42ed309ac3409382d93f76f49ae0ad69fae4ca927e584d9"
+checksum = "3c8f869514578421dd710b68b9db3e39ac9df0d9218a44641bbdcf5c99617780"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "arbitrary"
@@ -139,8 +139,18 @@ version = "0.14.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b0dd3cd20dc6b5a876612a6e5accfe7f3dd883db6d07acfbf14c128f61550dfa"
 dependencies = [
- "darling_core",
- "darling_macro",
+ "darling_core 0.14.2",
+ "darling_macro 0.14.2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "darling"
+version = "0.20.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0209d94da627ab5605dcccf08bb18afa5009cfbef48d8a8b7d7bdbc79be25c5e"
+dependencies = [
+ "darling_core 0.20.3",
+ "darling_macro 0.20.3",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -157,17 +167,42 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn 1.0.105",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "darling_core"
+version = "0.20.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "177e3443818124b357d8e76f53be906d60937f0d3a90773a664fa63fa253e621"
+dependencies = [
+ "fnv",
+ "ident_case",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "strsim",
+ "syn 2.0.25",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "darling_macro"
 version = "0.14.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "7618812407e9402654622dd402b0a89dff9ba93badd6540781526117b92aab7e"
 dependencies = [
- "darling_core",
+ "darling_core 0.14.2",
  "quote",
  "syn 1.0.105",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "darling_macro"
+version = "0.20.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "836a9bbc7ad63342d6d6e7b815ccab164bc77a2d95d84bc3117a8c0d5c98e2d5"
+dependencies = [
+ "darling_core 0.20.3",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.25",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "debug-log"
 version = "0.1.4"
@@ -244,11 +279,12 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "generic-btree"
-version = "0.4.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a8f334f35041258df9e9fbd321e6559ff57db4e1bf04bc31ecf05ccb7e615993"
+version = "0.7.0"
 dependencies = [
  "fxhash",
+ "heapless",
+ "itertools 0.11.0",
+ "proc-macro2",
  "smallvec",
  "thunderdome",
 ]
@@ -322,6 +358,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "either",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "itertools"
+version = "0.11.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b1c173a5686ce8bfa551b3563d0c2170bf24ca44da99c7ca4bfdab5418c3fe57"
+dependencies = [
+ "either",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "itoa"
 version = "1.0.4"
@@ -403,17 +448,18 @@ dependencies = [
  "generic-btree",
  "getrandom",
  "im",
- "itertools",
+ "itertools 0.11.0",
  "jumprope",
  "loro-common",
  "loro-preload",
  "miniz_oxide",
  "num",
+ "once_cell",
  "postcard",
  "rand",
  "rle",
  "serde",
- "serde_columnar",
+ "serde_columnar 0.3.2",
  "serde_json",
  "smallvec",
  "string_cache",
@@ -439,7 +485,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "loro-common",
  "serde",
- "serde_columnar",
+ "serde_columnar 0.2.5",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -535,9 +581,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "once_cell"
-version = "1.16.0"
+version = "1.18.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "86f0b0d4bf799edbc74508c1e8bf170ff5f41238e5f8225603ca7caaae2b7860"
+checksum = "dd8b5dd2ae5ed71462c540258bedcb51965123ad7e7ccf4b9a8cafaa4a63576d"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ouroboros"
@@ -660,9 +706,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "proc-macro2"
-version = "1.0.64"
+version = "1.0.69"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "78803b62cbf1f46fde80d7c0e803111524b9877184cfe7c3033659490ac7a7da"
+checksum = "134c189feb4956b20f6f547d2cf727d4c0fe06722b20a0eec87ed445a97f92da"
 dependencies = [
  "unicode-ident",
 ]
@@ -783,10 +829,23 @@ version = "0.2.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "5f5e09c91d7107faf75e9754748e3cb11fa3414a3761225a3d47c98aad153d40"
 dependencies = [
- "itertools",
+ "itertools 0.10.5",
  "postcard",
  "serde",
- "serde_columnar_derive",
+ "serde_columnar_derive 0.2.2",
+ "thiserror",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "serde_columnar"
+version = "0.3.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "98e0e9eb205e8f31604c26118d3f3626b21e3170a243ddfe1b7131b79725b114"
+dependencies = [
+ "itertools 0.11.0",
+ "postcard",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_columnar_derive 0.3.2",
  "thiserror",
 ]
 
@@ -796,12 +855,24 @@ version = "0.2.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c78a4cb8421e4666b4e71a5a896be4f8db66ba90af88257e1072609dc4f3abbb"
 dependencies = [
- "darling",
+ "darling 0.14.2",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "syn 1.0.105",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "serde_columnar_derive"
+version = "0.3.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "46d50a130ce1b4cf3b1585342ee0bf71e7589845ec23283e85fc875606018520"
+dependencies = [
+ "darling 0.20.3",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.25",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_derive"
 version = "1.0.171"
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs
index 2346cb9b7..2e6dd834e 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ mod tracker;
 use crate::{change::Lamport, utils::string_slice::StringSlice, InternalString};
 use fugue_span::*;
 use loro_common::{Counter, LoroValue, PeerID};
-use std::{borrow::Cow, fmt::Debug};
+use std::fmt::Debug;
 
 pub(crate) use fugue_span::{RichtextChunk, RichtextChunkValue};
 pub(crate) use richtext_state::{query, RichtextState};
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs
index ec2aeb8f3..6502fa7af 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs
@@ -73,6 +73,8 @@ impl Tracker {
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn insert(&mut self, op_id: ID, pos: usize, content: RichtextChunk) {
+        debug_log::debug_log!("before insert {} pos={}", op_id, pos);
+        debug_log::debug_dbg!(&self);
         if self.applied_vv.includes_id(op_id) {
             assert!(self
                 .applied_vv
@@ -102,6 +104,8 @@ impl Tracker {
         let end_id = op_id.inc(content.len() as Counter);
         self.current_vv.extend_to_include_end_id(end_id);
         self.applied_vv.extend_to_include_end_id(end_id);
+        debug_log::debug_log!("after insert {}", op_id);
+        debug_log::debug_dbg!(&self);
     }
 
     fn update_insert_by_split(&mut self, split: &[LeafIndex]) {
@@ -225,7 +229,6 @@ impl Tracker {
     ) -> impl Iterator<Item = CrdtRopeDelta> + '_ {
         self._checkout(from, false);
         self._checkout(to, true);
-        // debug_log::debug_dbg!(&from, &to, &self,);
         self.rope.get_diff()
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs
index de522a931..cd7f4ce98 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ impl CrdtRope {
         &self.tree
     }
 
+    // FIXME: be cautious, check that offset may points to the end of a element
     pub(super) fn insert(
         &mut self,
         pos: usize,
@@ -53,8 +54,9 @@ impl CrdtRope {
 
         let pos = pos as i32;
         let start = self.tree.query::<ActiveLenQuery>(&pos).unwrap();
+        debug_log::debug_dbg!(start);
 
-        let (parent_right, parent_right_leaf, in_between) = {
+        let (parent_right_leaf, in_between) = {
             // calculate origin_left and origin_right
             // origin_left is the alive op at `pos-1`, origin_right is the first non-future op between `pos-1` and `pos`.
 
@@ -79,15 +81,20 @@ impl CrdtRope {
                 Some(left_node.elem().id.inc(start.offset() as Counter - 1))
             };
 
-            let (origin_right, parent_right, parent_right_leaf, in_between) = {
+            let (origin_right, parent_right_leaf, in_between) = {
                 let mut in_between = Vec::new();
                 let mut origin_right = None;
-                let mut parent_right = None;
                 let mut parent_right_idx = None;
                 for iter in self.tree.iter_range(start.cursor..) {
+                    if let Some(offset) = iter.start {
+                        if offset >= iter.elem.rle_len() {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                    }
+
                     if !iter.elem.status.future {
                         origin_right = Some(iter.elem.id.inc(iter.start.unwrap_or(0) as Counter));
-                        parent_right = match iter.start {
+                        let parent_right = match iter.start {
                             Some(_) => {
                                 // It's guaranteed that origin_right's origin_left == this.origin_left.
                                 // Because the first non-future node is just the leaf node in `start.cursor` node (iter.start.is_some())
@@ -111,12 +118,12 @@ impl CrdtRope {
                     in_between.push((iter.cursor().leaf, *iter.elem));
                 }
 
-                (origin_right, parent_right, parent_right_idx, in_between)
+                (origin_right, parent_right_idx, in_between)
             };
 
             content.origin_left = origin_left;
             content.origin_right = origin_right;
-            (parent_right, parent_right_leaf, in_between)
+            (parent_right_leaf, in_between)
         };
 
         let mut insert_pos = start.cursor;
@@ -420,6 +427,8 @@ impl BTreeTrait for CrdtRopeTrait {
 /// If there are zero length spans (deleted, or spans from future) before the
 /// active index, the query will return the position of the first non-zero length
 /// content.
+///
+/// NOTE: it may points to the end of a leaf node (with offset = rle_len) while the next leaf node is available.
 struct ActiveLenQuery {
     left: i32,
 }
@@ -440,7 +449,7 @@ impl Query<CrdtRopeTrait> for ActiveLenQuery {
         let mut left = self.left;
         for (i, child) in child_caches.iter().enumerate() {
             let cache = &child.cache;
-            if (cache.len == 0 && left == 0) || left < cache.len {
+            if left <= cache.len {
                 // Prefer left. So if both `cache.len` and `left` equal zero, return here.
                 self.left = left;
                 return generic_btree::FindResult::new_found(i, left as usize);
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs
index 95c273dfb..5ef8c0b2b 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ impl IdToCursor {
         )
     }
 
+    // FIXME: delete id span can be reversed
     pub fn iter(&self, mut iter_id_span: IdSpan) -> impl Iterator<Item = IterCursor> + '_ {
         iter_id_span.normalize_();
         let list = self.map.get(&iter_id_span.client_id).unwrap_or(&EMPTY_VEC);
@@ -119,10 +120,16 @@ impl IdToCursor {
                         continue;
                     }
 
-                    let from = (iter_id_span.counter.start - start_counter).max(0);
+                    let from = (iter_id_span.counter.start - start_counter)
+                        .max(0)
+                        .min(span.atom_len() as Counter);
                     let to = (iter_id_span.counter.end - start_counter)
                         .max(0)
                         .min(span.atom_len() as Counter);
+                    if from == to {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
                     return Some(IterCursor::Delete(span.slice(from as usize, to as usize)));
                 }
             }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
index c7969d15f..78a321ef0 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
@@ -529,8 +529,8 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for RichtextDiffCalculator {
             }
         }
 
-        debug_log::debug_dbg!(&delta, from, to);
-        debug_log::debug_dbg!(&self.tracker);
+        // debug_log::debug_dbg!(&delta, from, to);
+        // debug_log::debug_dbg!(&self.tracker);
         InternalDiff::RichtextRaw(delta)
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz.rs
index 140f3b9d4..2237a7049 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz.rs
@@ -145,7 +145,8 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<LoroDoc> {
                 let site = &mut self[*site as usize];
                 let mut txn = site.txn().unwrap();
                 let text = txn.get_text("text");
-                text.insert(&mut txn, *pos, &content.to_string()).unwrap();
+                text.insert(&mut txn, *pos, &format!("[{}]", content))
+                    .unwrap();
             }
             Action::Del { pos, len, site } => {
                 let site = &mut self[*site as usize];
@@ -193,9 +194,10 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<LoroDoc> {
                 if text.is_empty() {
                     *len = 0;
                     *pos = 0;
+                } else {
+                    *pos %= text.len_unicode();
+                    *len = (*len).min(text.len_unicode() - (*pos));
                 }
-                *pos %= text.len_unicode();
-                *len = (*len).min(text.len_unicode() - (*pos));
             }
             Action::Sync { from, to } => {
                 *from %= self.len() as u8;
@@ -1077,6 +1079,70 @@ mod test {
         )
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn text_fuzz_2() {
+        test_multi_sites_refactored(
+            8,
+            &mut [
+                Ins {
+                    content: 111,
+                    pos: 0,
+                    site: 1,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 222,
+                    pos: 0,
+                    site: 0,
+                },
+                Del {
+                    pos: 3,
+                    len: 2,
+                    site: 0,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 332,
+                    pos: 4268070197446523707,
+                    site: 3,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 163,
+                    pos: 4268070197446523707,
+                    site: 3,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 163,
+                    pos: 4268070197446523707,
+                    site: 3,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 163,
+                    pos: 4268070197446523707,
+                    site: 3,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 163,
+                    pos: 4268070197446523707,
+                    site: 3,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 113,
+                    pos: 4268070197446523707,
+                    site: 3,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 888,
+                    pos: 4268070197446523707,
+                    site: 3,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 999,
+                    pos: 3,
+                    site: 0,
+                },
+            ],
+        )
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn mini_r() {
         minify_error(8, vec![], test_multi_sites_refactored, |_, ans| {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
index 1782ca5a4..12c0e72bb 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
@@ -1747,6 +1747,63 @@ mod failed_tests {
         )
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn unknown_fuzz_err() {
+        test_multi_sites(
+            5,
+            &mut [
+                Map {
+                    site: 167,
+                    container_idx: 163,
+                    key: 255,
+                    value: Container(C::List),
+                },
+                List {
+                    site: 144,
+                    container_idx: 7,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: Container(C::Text),
+                },
+                SyncAll,
+                Text {
+                    site: 126,
+                    container_idx: 13,
+                    pos: 122,
+                    value: 0,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 6,
+                    container_idx: 191,
+                    pos: 249,
+                    value: 255,
+                    is_del: true,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 126,
+                    container_idx: 126,
+                    pos: 126,
+                    value: 32382,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 126,
+                    container_idx: 126,
+                    pos: 246,
+                    value: 32382,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 126,
+                    container_idx: 92,
+                    pos: 126,
+                    value: 65406,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+            ],
+        )
+    }
+
     use super::ContainerType as C;
     #[test]
     fn to_minify() {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
index 6f05a646e..e6fa1b18b 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ enum UndoItem {
 
 impl ContainerState for RichtextState {
     // TODO: refactor
-    fn apply_diff_and_convert(&mut self, diff: InternalDiff, arena: &SharedArena) -> Diff {
+    fn apply_diff_and_convert(&mut self, diff: InternalDiff, _arena: &SharedArena) -> Diff {
         let InternalDiff::RichtextRaw(richtext) = diff else {
             unreachable!()
         };

From b07c3cff6597e57e3746688d80f612399e127bbb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zixuan Chen <remch183@outlook.com>
Date: Wed, 18 Oct 2023 12:05:14 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 093/111] fix: list child cache err

---
 .../fuzz/fuzz_targets/text_refactored.rs      |   2 +-
 .../src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs  |   8 +
 crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz.rs              | 549 +++++++++++++++++-
 .../src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs          | 161 ++++-
 crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs             |   5 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs  | 309 +++++-----
 crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs             |   2 -
 7 files changed, 852 insertions(+), 184 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/fuzz/fuzz_targets/text_refactored.rs b/crates/loro-internal/fuzz/fuzz_targets/text_refactored.rs
index f3ac2c6a1..3b2581507 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/fuzz/fuzz_targets/text_refactored.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/fuzz/fuzz_targets/text_refactored.rs
@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@
 use libfuzzer_sys::fuzz_target;
 use loro_internal::fuzz::{test_multi_sites_refactored, Action};
 
-fuzz_target!(|actions: Vec<Action>| { test_multi_sites_refactored(8, &mut actions.clone()) });
+fuzz_target!(|actions: Vec<Action>| { test_multi_sites_refactored(5, &mut actions.clone()) });
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
index 14c0e0afd..2a78d6767 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
@@ -887,6 +887,8 @@ impl RichtextState {
         let end = self.tree.query::<EntityQuery>(&range.end);
         let start_event_index = self.cursor_to_event_index(start.unwrap().cursor);
         let end_event_index = self.cursor_to_event_index(end.unwrap().cursor);
+        debug_log::debug_dbg!(&start, &end);
+        // debug_log::debug_dbg!(&self.tree);
         (
             generic_btree::iter::Drain::new(&mut self.tree, start, end),
             start_event_index,
@@ -894,6 +896,12 @@ impl RichtextState {
         )
     }
 
+    #[allow(unused)]
+    pub(crate) fn check(&self) {
+        // FIXME: remove
+        self.tree.check();
+    }
+
     pub(crate) fn mark_with_entity_index(&mut self, range: Range<usize>, style: Arc<StyleOp>) {
         if self.tree.is_empty() {
             panic!("Cannot mark an empty tree");
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz.rs
index 2237a7049..87bd5fbcc 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz.rs
@@ -1143,9 +1143,556 @@ mod test {
         )
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn text_fuzz_3() {
+        test_multi_sites_refactored(
+            2,
+            &mut [
+                Ins {
+                    content: 12850,
+                    pos: 3617008641906848306,
+                    site: 10,
+                },
+                SyncAll,
+                Ins {
+                    content: 12850,
+                    pos: 4048798961467195395,
+                    site: 255,
+                },
+                SyncAll,
+                Ins {
+                    content: 12850,
+                    pos: 3280475,
+                    site: 0,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 12851,
+                    pos: 89064736817458,
+                    site: 0,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 13077,
+                    pos: 4557431322972336690,
+                    site: 63,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 16191,
+                    pos: 4557430888798830399,
+                    site: 63,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 16191,
+                    pos: 4557430888798830399,
+                    site: 63,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 16191,
+                    pos: 4557430888798830399,
+                    site: 63,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 16191,
+                    pos: 4557430888798830399,
+                    site: 63,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 16191,
+                    pos: 4557430888798830399,
+                    site: 63,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 16191,
+                    pos: 4557430888798830399,
+                    site: 63,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 42148,
+                    pos: 171061810,
+                    site: 12,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 3675,
+                    pos: 336666162111538,
+                    site: 0,
+                },
+                Sync { from: 164, to: 164 },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 4112,
+                    pos: 1157442765409226768,
+                    site: 16,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 4112,
+                    pos: 3732657327335018512,
+                    site: 45,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 52530,
+                    pos: 3906253595950239181,
+                    site: 15,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 5911,
+                    pos: 18446743885640439575,
+                    site: 255,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 11822,
+                    pos: 3327609269301292590,
+                    site: 46,
+                },
+                SyncAll,
+                Ins {
+                    content: 1568,
+                    pos: 13836783189022944192,
+                    site: 43,
+                },
+                SyncAll,
+                Del {
+                    pos: 16789419410837209344,
+                    len: 14774117067329253930,
+                    site: 0,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 27242,
+                    pos: 7668058320836127338,
+                    site: 106,
+                },
+                Del {
+                    pos: 7639230867934177898,
+                    len: 7668058320836127338,
+                    site: 106,
+                },
+            ],
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn text_fuzz_4() {
+        test_multi_sites_refactored(
+            2,
+            &mut [
+                Ins {
+                    content: 10794,
+                    pos: 3038287259199220266,
+                    site: 42,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 10794,
+                    pos: 3038287259199220266,
+                    site: 42,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 10794,
+                    pos: 3607136139932740138,
+                    site: 0,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 13071,
+                    pos: 14976676367971893,
+                    site: 0,
+                },
+                SyncAll,
+                Ins {
+                    content: 0,
+                    pos: 0,
+                    site: 68,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 52532,
+                    pos: 6629299531957718322,
+                    site: 92,
+                },
+                Del {
+                    pos: 6655295901103053916,
+                    len: 6655295901103053916,
+                    site: 92,
+                },
+                Del {
+                    pos: 6655295901103053916,
+                    len: 14738250545257564,
+                    site: 0,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 52309,
+                    pos: 3038287258827541861,
+                    site: 255,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 15159,
+                    pos: 298,
+                    site: 108,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 10782,
+                    pos: 18446602417805601322,
+                    site: 255,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 771,
+                    pos: 3027266685993419523,
+                    site: 42,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 0,
+                    pos: 2560,
+                    site: 0,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 0,
+                    pos: 7740398491872002048,
+                    site: 107,
+                },
+                Del {
+                    pos: 7740398493674204011,
+                    len: 7740398493674204011,
+                    site: 107,
+                },
+                Del {
+                    pos: 7740398493674204011,
+                    len: 7740398493674204011,
+                    site: 107,
+                },
+                Del {
+                    pos: 7812738666512280684,
+                    len: 10634005385065557100,
+                    site: 147,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 108,
+                    pos: 3830030471958364160,
+                    site: 224,
+                },
+                SyncAll,
+                Ins {
+                    content: 52730,
+                    pos: 3442658613,
+                    site: 11,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 3871,
+                    pos: 8444828877984183605,
+                    site: 117,
+                },
+                Del {
+                    pos: 8463800222054970741,
+                    len: 3635941421513799029,
+                    site: 0,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 0,
+                    pos: 12884901966,
+                    site: 0,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 11308,
+                    pos: 143833902818798636,
+                    site: 0,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 65535,
+                    pos: 1567663063039,
+                    site: 0,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 0,
+                    pos: 4121356608997425152,
+                    site: 37,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 24576,
+                    pos: 3182967475521064462,
+                    site: 44,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 47148,
+                    pos: 1021239783737535532,
+                    site: 44,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 11283,
+                    pos: 1021239783737535532,
+                    site: 14,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 11308,
+                    pos: 3182967604875373612,
+                    site: 44,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 11308,
+                    pos: 3182967604875373612,
+                    site: 44,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 11308,
+                    pos: 4340410370284600380,
+                    site: 60,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 15420,
+                    pos: 4340410370284600380,
+                    site: 60,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 15420,
+                    pos: 4340410370284600380,
+                    site: 60,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 15420,
+                    pos: 4340410370284600380,
+                    site: 60,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 15420,
+                    pos: 4340410370284600380,
+                    site: 60,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 15420,
+                    pos: 4340410370284600380,
+                    site: 60,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 11324,
+                    pos: 3182967604875373612,
+                    site: 44,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 11308,
+                    pos: 3617346860830436396,
+                    site: 170,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 10794,
+                    pos: 3038287259199220266,
+                    site: 42,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 10794,
+                    pos: 57927929864792618,
+                    site: 0,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 64012,
+                    pos: 900719925474099199,
+                    site: 12,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 3084,
+                    pos: 789516,
+                    site: 0,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 0,
+                    pos: 86131342873526272,
+                    site: 0,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 0,
+                    pos: 3038287259199220224,
+                    site: 42,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 10794,
+                    pos: 3038287259199220266,
+                    site: 42,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 10794,
+                    pos: 3038287259199220266,
+                    site: 42,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 10794,
+                    pos: 3038287259199220266,
+                    site: 42,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 10794,
+                    pos: 3038287259199220266,
+                    site: 42,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 10794,
+                    pos: 3038287259199220266,
+                    site: 42,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 10794,
+                    pos: 3038287259199220266,
+                    site: 42,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 10794,
+                    pos: 3038287259199220266,
+                    site: 42,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 10794,
+                    pos: 3038287259199220266,
+                    site: 42,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 11308,
+                    pos: 3182967604875373612,
+                    site: 44,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 11308,
+                    pos: 3182967604875373612,
+                    site: 44,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 11308,
+                    pos: 3182967604875111468,
+                    site: 44,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 11308,
+                    pos: 3182967604875373612,
+                    site: 44,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 11308,
+                    pos: 48568231275564,
+                    site: 0,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 13568,
+                    pos: 8463800223526997301,
+                    site: 117,
+                },
+                Del {
+                    pos: 216718996853,
+                    len: 335007449137,
+                    site: 3,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 0,
+                    pos: 3819052576016433152,
+                    site: 53,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 0,
+                    pos: 4548370641345118208,
+                    site: 212,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 15104,
+                    pos: 144115188075855872,
+                    site: 20,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 63999,
+                    pos: 327908794171647,
+                    site: 0,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 65388,
+                    pos: 3038287258997104158,
+                    site: 42,
+                },
+                SyncAll,
+                Ins {
+                    content: 771,
+                    pos: 217020518514230019,
+                    site: 42,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 0,
+                    pos: 655360,
+                    site: 0,
+                },
+                Del {
+                    pos: 7710162562058289173,
+                    len: 7740398493674204011,
+                    site: 107,
+                },
+                Del {
+                    pos: 7740398493674204011,
+                    len: 7039851,
+                    site: 49,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 54335,
+                    pos: 64872246332757,
+                    site: 0,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 5122,
+                    pos: 72050993380600362,
+                    site: 50,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 0,
+                    pos: 2170452909760708608,
+                    site: 30,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 10794,
+                    pos: 217021605090393898,
+                    site: 3,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 763,
+                    pos: 2606223169945797379,
+                    site: 0,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 0,
+                    pos: 7799953079628988416,
+                    site: 21,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 0,
+                    pos: 7740398493674204011,
+                    site: 107,
+                },
+                Del {
+                    pos: 7740398493674204011,
+                    len: 7740398493674204011,
+                    site: 107,
+                },
+                Del {
+                    pos: 7740398493674204011,
+                    len: 7782338265204091755,
+                    site: 108,
+                },
+                Del {
+                    pos: 7812738666512280684,
+                    len: 10664523451937821582,
+                    site: 0,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 0,
+                    pos: 18302637545179512940,
+                    site: 255,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 52730,
+                    pos: 3442658613,
+                    site: 11,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 3871,
+                    pos: 8444828877984183605,
+                    site: 117,
+                },
+                Del {
+                    pos: 8463800222054970741,
+                    len: 10049067290889385333,
+                    site: 138,
+                },
+                Sync { from: 138, to: 129 },
+            ],
+        )
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn mini_r() {
-        minify_error(8, vec![], test_multi_sites_refactored, |_, ans| {
+        minify_error(2, vec![], test_multi_sites_refactored, |_, ans| {
             ans.to_vec()
         })
     }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
index 12c0e72bb..d98e708a3 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
@@ -85,9 +85,8 @@ impl Actor {
 
         let root_value = Arc::clone(&actor.value_tracker);
         actor.loro.subscribe_deep(Arc::new(move |event| {
-            debug_dbg!(&event);
             let mut root_value = root_value.lock().unwrap();
-            debug_dbg!(&event);
+            debug_log::debug_dbg!(&event);
             root_value.apply(
                 &event.container.path.iter().map(|x| x.1.clone()).collect(),
                 &[event.container.diff.clone()],
@@ -1037,6 +1036,111 @@ mod failed_tests {
         );
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn fuzz_3() {
+        test_multi_sites(
+            5,
+            &mut [
+                List {
+                    site: 3,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: I32(0),
+                },
+                List {
+                    site: 3,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: I32(1),
+                },
+                List {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: I32(2),
+                },
+                List {
+                    site: 3,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: I32(3),
+                },
+                List {
+                    site: 3,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: I32(4),
+                },
+                List {
+                    site: 3,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: I32(5),
+                },
+                List {
+                    site: 4,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: I32(6),
+                },
+                List {
+                    site: 3,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: I32(7),
+                },
+                List {
+                    site: 3,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: I32(8),
+                },
+                List {
+                    site: 3,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: I32(9),
+                },
+                List {
+                    site: 3,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: I32(10),
+                },
+                List {
+                    site: 3,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: I32(11),
+                },
+                List {
+                    site: 3,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: I32(12),
+                },
+                List {
+                    site: 4,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: I32(13),
+                },
+                List {
+                    site: 3,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: I32(14),
+                },
+                List {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: I32(15),
+                },
+            ],
+        )
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn notify_causal_order_check() {
         test_multi_sites(
@@ -1723,6 +1827,59 @@ mod failed_tests {
         )
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn fuzz_4() {
+        test_multi_sites(
+            5,
+            &mut [
+                List {
+                    site: 2,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: I32(1),
+                },
+                List {
+                    site: 2,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: I32(1),
+                },
+                SyncAll,
+                List {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 1,
+                    value: Container(C::List),
+                },
+                List {
+                    site: 2,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: I32(1634495596),
+                },
+                SyncAll,
+                List {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 1,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: Container(C::List),
+                },
+                List {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: Null,
+                },
+                List {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: Null,
+                },
+            ],
+        )
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn merge_err() {
         test_multi_sites(
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
index 2c9eb595b..61ff7134c 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
@@ -589,7 +589,7 @@ impl DocState {
                         // if we cannot find the path to the container, the container must be overwritten afterwards.
                         // So we can ignore the diff from it.
                         debug_log::debug_log!(
-                            "ignore because cannot find path {:#?}",
+                            "⚠️ WARNING: ignore because cannot find path {:#?}",
                             &container_diff
                         );
                     }
@@ -631,10 +631,12 @@ impl DocState {
 
     // the container may be override, so it may return None
     fn get_path(&self, idx: ContainerIdx) -> Option<Vec<(ContainerID, Index)>> {
+        debug_log::group!("GET PATH {:?}", idx);
         let mut ans = Vec::new();
         let mut idx = idx;
         loop {
             let id = self.arena.idx_to_id(idx).unwrap();
+            debug_log::debug_dbg!(&id);
             if let Some(parent_idx) = self.arena.get_parent(idx) {
                 let parent_state = self.states.get(&parent_idx).unwrap();
                 let prop = parent_state.get_child_index(&id)?;
@@ -649,6 +651,7 @@ impl DocState {
         }
 
         ans.reverse();
+        debug_log::group_end!();
         Some(ans)
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs
index eabbae6ec..9ecdc18d4 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs
@@ -52,41 +52,39 @@ enum UndoItem {
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 struct Elem {
-    vec: Vec<LoroValue>,
+    v: LoroValue,
 }
 
 const MAX_LEN: usize = 16;
 impl HasLength for Elem {
     fn rle_len(&self) -> usize {
-        self.vec.len()
+        1
     }
 }
 
 impl Sliceable for Elem {
     fn _slice(&self, range: std::ops::Range<usize>) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            vec: self.vec[range].to_vec(),
-        }
+        assert_eq!(range.start, 0);
+        assert_eq!(range.end, 1);
+        self.clone()
     }
 
     fn split(&mut self, pos: usize) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            vec: self.vec.split_off(pos),
-        }
+        unreachable!()
     }
 }
 
 impl Mergeable for Elem {
     fn can_merge(&self, rhs: &Self) -> bool {
-        self.rle_len() + rhs.rle_len() < MAX_LEN
+        false
     }
 
     fn merge_right(&mut self, rhs: &Self) {
-        self.vec.extend_from_slice(&rhs.vec);
+        unreachable!()
     }
 
     fn merge_left(&mut self, left: &Self) {
-        self.vec.splice(0..0, left.vec.iter().cloned());
+        unreachable!()
     }
 }
 
@@ -125,7 +123,7 @@ impl BTreeTrait for ListImpl {
 
     #[inline(always)]
     fn get_elem_cache(elem: &Self::Elem) -> Self::Cache {
-        elem.rle_len() as isize
+        1
     }
 
     #[inline(always)]
@@ -147,7 +145,7 @@ impl UseLengthFinder<ListImpl> for ListImpl {
 // FIXME: update child_container_to_leaf
 impl ListState {
     pub fn new(idx: ContainerIdx) -> Self {
-        let mut tree = BTree::new();
+        let tree = BTree::new();
         Self {
             idx,
             list: tree,
@@ -158,10 +156,9 @@ impl ListState {
     }
 
     pub fn get_child_container_index(&self, id: &ContainerID) -> Option<usize> {
-        debug_dbg!(self.get_value());
+        debug_dbg!(self.get_value(), id, &self.child_container_to_leaf);
         let leaf = *self.child_container_to_leaf.get(id).unwrap();
-        let node = self.list.get_elem(leaf)?;
-        let elem_index = node.vec.iter().position(|x| x.as_container() == Some(id))?;
+        self.list.get_elem(leaf)?;
         let mut index = 0;
         self.list
             .visit_previous_caches(Cursor { leaf, offset: 0 }, |cache| match cache {
@@ -174,74 +171,58 @@ impl ListState {
                 generic_btree::PreviousCache::ThisElemAndOffset { .. } => {}
             });
 
-        Some(index as usize + elem_index)
+        Some(index as usize)
     }
 
     pub fn insert(&mut self, index: usize, value: LoroValue) {
         if self.list.is_empty() {
-            let idx = self.list.push(Elem {
-                vec: vec![value.clone()],
-            });
+            let idx = self.list.push(Elem { v: value.clone() });
 
             if value.is_container() {
                 self.child_container_to_leaf
                     .insert(value.into_container().unwrap(), idx);
             }
+            debug_dbg!(self.get_value());
             return;
         }
 
-        let (leaf, data) =
-            self.list
-                .update_leaf_by_search::<LengthFinder>(&index, |elem, cursor| {
-                    if elem.rle_len() < MAX_LEN {
-                        elem.vec.insert(cursor.cursor.offset, value.clone());
-                        Some((1, None, None))
-                    } else {
-                        Some((
-                            1,
-                            Some(Elem {
-                                vec: vec![value.clone()],
-                            }),
-                            None,
-                        ))
-                    }
-                });
+        let (leaf, data) = self
+            .list
+            .insert::<LengthFinder>(&index, Elem { v: value.clone() });
 
         if value.is_container() {
             self.child_container_to_leaf
-                .insert(value.into_container().unwrap(), leaf.unwrap().leaf);
+                .insert(value.into_container().unwrap(), leaf);
         }
 
         for leaf in data.arr {
-            for v in self.list.get_elem(leaf).unwrap().vec.iter() {
-                if v.is_container() {
-                    self.child_container_to_leaf
-                        .insert(v.as_container().unwrap().clone(), leaf);
-                }
+            let v = &self.list.get_elem(leaf).unwrap().v;
+            if v.is_container() {
+                self.child_container_to_leaf
+                    .insert(v.as_container().unwrap().clone(), leaf);
             }
         }
 
         if self.in_txn {
             self.undo_stack.push(UndoItem::Insert { index, len: 1 });
         }
+        debug_dbg!(self.get_value());
     }
 
     pub fn delete(&mut self, index: usize) {
-        let mut value = None;
-        self.list
-            .update_leaf_by_search::<LengthFinder>(&index, |elem, cursor| {
-                value = Some(elem.vec.remove(cursor.offset()));
-                Some((-1, None, None))
-            });
+        let leaf = self.list.query::<LengthFinder>(&index);
+        let elem = self.list.remove_leaf(leaf.unwrap().cursor).unwrap();
+        let value = elem.v;
         if self.in_txn {
-            self.undo_stack.push(UndoItem::Delete {
-                index,
-                value: value.unwrap(),
-            });
+            self.undo_stack.push(UndoItem::Delete { index, value });
         }
+
+        self.check();
+        debug_dbg!(self.get_value());
     }
 
     pub fn delete_range(&mut self, range: impl RangeBounds<usize>) {
+        self.check();
         let start: usize = match range.start_bound() {
             std::ops::Bound::Included(x) => *x,
             std::ops::Bound::Excluded(x) => *x + 1,
@@ -254,6 +235,7 @@ impl ListState {
         };
         if end - start == 1 {
             self.delete(start);
+            debug_dbg!(self.get_value());
             return;
         }
 
@@ -263,12 +245,10 @@ impl ListState {
             let start1 = self1.query::<LengthFinder>(&q.start);
             let end1 = self1.query::<LengthFinder>(&q.end);
             for elem in iter::Drain::new(self1, start1, end1) {
-                for value in elem.vec {
-                    self.undo_stack.push(UndoItem::Delete {
-                        index: start,
-                        value,
-                    })
-                }
+                self.undo_stack.push(UndoItem::Delete {
+                    index: start,
+                    value: elem.v,
+                })
             }
         } else {
             let self1 = &mut self.list;
@@ -277,58 +257,21 @@ impl ListState {
             let end1 = self1.query::<LengthFinder>(&q.end);
             iter::Drain::new(self1, start1, end1);
         }
+
+        self.check();
+        debug_dbg!(self.get_value());
     }
 
     // PERF: use &[LoroValue]
+    // PERF: batch
     pub fn insert_batch(&mut self, index: usize, values: Vec<LoroValue>) {
-        let (leaf, data) = if self.list.is_empty() {
-            let leaf = self.list.push(Elem {
-                vec: values.clone(),
-            });
-            (leaf, SplittedLeaves::default())
-        } else {
-            let (cursor, s) =
-                self.list
-                    .update_leaf_by_search::<LengthFinder>(&index, |elem, cursor| {
-                        if elem.rle_len() + values.len() < MAX_LEN {
-                            elem.vec
-                                .splice(cursor.offset()..cursor.offset(), values.clone());
-                            Some((values.len() as isize, None, None))
-                        } else {
-                            Some((
-                                values.len() as isize,
-                                Some(Elem {
-                                    vec: values.clone(),
-                                }),
-                                None,
-                            ))
-                        }
-                    });
-            (cursor.unwrap().leaf, s)
-        };
-
-        for value in values {
-            if let Ok(c) = value.into_container() {
-                self.child_container_to_leaf.insert(c, leaf);
-            }
-        }
-
-        for leaf in data.arr {
-            for v in self.list.get_elem(leaf).unwrap().vec.iter() {
-                if v.is_container() {
-                    self.child_container_to_leaf
-                        .insert(v.as_container().unwrap().clone(), leaf);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        if self.in_txn {
-            self.undo_stack.push(UndoItem::Insert { index, len: 1 });
+        for (i, value) in values.into_iter().enumerate() {
+            self.insert(index + i, value);
         }
     }
 
     pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &LoroValue> {
-        self.list.iter().map(|x| x.vec.iter()).flatten()
+        self.list.iter().map(|x| &x.v)
     }
 
     pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
@@ -338,7 +281,7 @@ impl ListState {
     fn to_vec(&self) -> Vec<LoroValue> {
         let mut ans = Vec::with_capacity(self.len());
         for value in self.list.iter() {
-            ans.extend_from_slice(&value.vec);
+            ans.push(value.v.clone());
         }
         ans
     }
@@ -346,91 +289,104 @@ impl ListState {
     pub fn get(&self, index: usize) -> Option<&LoroValue> {
         let result = self.list.query::<LengthFinder>(&index)?;
         if result.found {
-            Some(&result.elem(&self.list).unwrap().vec[result.offset()])
+            Some(&result.elem(&self.list).unwrap().v[result.offset()])
         } else {
             None
         }
     }
-}
 
-impl ContainerState for ListState {
-    fn apply_diff_and_convert(&mut self, diff: InternalDiff, arena: &SharedArena) -> Diff {
-        match diff {
-            InternalDiff::SeqRaw(delta) => {
-                let mut ans: Delta<_> = Delta::default();
-                let mut index = 0;
-                for span in delta.iter() {
-                    match span {
-                        crate::delta::DeltaItem::Retain { len, .. } => {
-                            index += len;
-                            ans = ans.retain(*len);
-                        }
-                        crate::delta::DeltaItem::Insert { value, .. } => {
-                            let mut arr = Vec::new();
-                            for slices in value.0.iter() {
-                                for i in slices.0.start..slices.0.end {
-                                    let value = arena.get_value(i as usize).unwrap();
-                                    if value.is_container() {
-                                        let c = value.as_container().unwrap();
-                                        let idx = arena.register_container(c);
-                                        arena.set_parent(idx, Some(self.idx));
-                                    }
-                                    arr.push(value);
-                                }
-                            }
-                            ans = ans.insert(arr.clone());
-                            let len = arr.len();
-                            self.insert_batch(index, arr);
-                            index += len;
-                        }
-                        crate::delta::DeltaItem::Delete { len, .. } => {
-                            self.delete_range(index..index + len);
-                            ans = ans.delete(*len);
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-
-                Diff::List(ans)
+    pub(crate) fn check(&self) {
+        for value in self.iter() {
+            if let LoroValue::Container(c) = value {
+                self.get_child_index(&c).unwrap();
             }
-            _ => unreachable!(),
         }
     }
+}
 
-    fn apply_diff(&mut self, diff: InternalDiff, arena: &SharedArena) {
-        match diff {
-            InternalDiff::SeqRaw(delta) => {
-                let mut index = 0;
-                for span in delta.iter() {
-                    match span {
-                        crate::delta::DeltaItem::Retain { len, .. } => {
-                            index += len;
-                        }
-                        crate::delta::DeltaItem::Insert { value, .. } => {
-                            let mut arr = Vec::new();
-                            for slices in value.0.iter() {
-                                for i in slices.0.start..slices.0.end {
-                                    let value = arena.get_value(i as usize).unwrap();
-                                    if value.is_container() {
-                                        let c = value.as_container().unwrap();
-                                        let idx = arena.register_container(c);
-                                        arena.set_parent(idx, Some(self.idx));
-                                    }
-                                    arr.push(value);
-                                }
+impl ContainerState for ListState {
+    fn apply_diff_and_convert(&mut self, diff: InternalDiff, arena: &SharedArena) -> Diff {
+        debug_log::debug_dbg!(&diff);
+        let InternalDiff::SeqRaw(delta) = diff else {
+            unreachable!()
+        };
+        let mut ans: Delta<_> = Delta::default();
+        let mut index = 0;
+        for span in delta.iter() {
+            match span {
+                crate::delta::DeltaItem::Retain { len, .. } => {
+                    index += len;
+                    ans = ans.retain(*len);
+                }
+                crate::delta::DeltaItem::Insert { value, .. } => {
+                    let mut arr = Vec::new();
+                    for slices in value.0.iter() {
+                        for i in slices.0.start..slices.0.end {
+                            let value = arena.get_value(i as usize).unwrap();
+                            if value.is_container() {
+                                let c = value.as_container().unwrap();
+                                let idx = arena.register_container(c);
+                                arena.set_parent(idx, Some(self.idx));
                             }
-                            let len = arr.len();
-                            self.insert_batch(index, arr);
-                            index += len;
-                        }
-                        crate::delta::DeltaItem::Delete { len, .. } => {
-                            self.delete_range(index..index + len);
+                            arr.push(value);
                         }
                     }
+                    ans = ans.insert(arr.clone());
+                    let len = arr.len();
+                    debug_log::debug_log!("Compare list value: {}", index);
+                    debug_log::debug_dbg!(self.get_value());
+                    self.insert_batch(index, arr);
+                    debug_log::debug_dbg!(self.get_value());
+                    index += len;
+                }
+                crate::delta::DeltaItem::Delete { len, .. } => {
+                    self.delete_range(index..index + len);
+                    ans = ans.delete(*len);
                 }
             }
-            _ => unreachable!(),
         }
-    }
+
+        debug_log::debug_dbg!(&ans);
+        debug_dbg!(self.get_value());
+        Diff::List(ans)
+    }
+
+    // fn apply_diff(&mut self, diff: InternalDiff, arena: &SharedArena) {
+    //     match diff {
+    //         InternalDiff::SeqRaw(delta) => {
+    //             let mut index = 0;
+    //             for span in delta.iter() {
+    //                 match span {
+    //                     crate::delta::DeltaItem::Retain { len, .. } => {
+    //                         index += len;
+    //                     }
+    //                     crate::delta::DeltaItem::Insert { value, .. } => {
+    //                         let mut arr = Vec::new();
+    //                         for slices in value.0.iter() {
+    //                             for i in slices.0.start..slices.0.end {
+    //                                 let value = arena.get_value(i as usize).unwrap();
+    //                                 if value.is_container() {
+    //                                     let c = value.as_container().unwrap();
+    //                                     let idx = arena.register_container(c);
+    //                                     arena.set_parent(idx, Some(self.idx));
+    //                                 }
+    //                                 arr.push(value);
+    //                             }
+    //                         }
+    //                         let len = arr.len();
+
+    //                         self.insert_batch(index, arr);
+    //                         index += len;
+    //                     }
+    //                     crate::delta::DeltaItem::Delete { len, .. } => {
+    //                         self.delete_range(index..index + len);
+    //                     }
+    //                 }
+    //             }
+    //         }
+    //         _ => unreachable!(),
+    //     }
+    // }
 
     fn apply_op(&mut self, op: &RawOp, _: &Op, arena: &SharedArena) {
         match &op.content {
@@ -468,6 +424,7 @@ impl ContainerState for ListState {
                 crate::container::list::list_op::ListOp::StyleEnd { .. } => unreachable!(),
             },
         }
+        debug_dbg!(self.get_value());
     }
 
     #[doc = " Start a transaction"]
@@ -512,10 +469,8 @@ impl ContainerState for ListState {
     fn get_child_containers(&self) -> Vec<ContainerID> {
         let mut ans = Vec::new();
         for elem in self.list.iter() {
-            for value in elem.vec.iter() {
-                if value.is_container() {
-                    ans.push(value.as_container().unwrap().clone());
-                }
+            if elem.v.is_container() {
+                ans.push(elem.v.as_container().unwrap().clone());
             }
         }
         ans
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
index 749485244..e509e316f 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
@@ -125,8 +125,6 @@ impl ApplyDiff for LoroValue {
             }
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }
-
-        debug_dbg!(&self);
     }
 
     fn apply(&mut self, path: &Path, diff: &[Diff]) {

From 33cf3e7c1209731e88393122d2c27f0fc07e7624 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zixuan Chen <remch183@outlook.com>
Date: Wed, 18 Oct 2023 12:09:17 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 094/111] chore: rm debug code

---
 .../src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs  |  1 -
 .../src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs          |  2 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs  | 91 ++++++++-----------
 3 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 57 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
index 2a78d6767..f8902e2b7 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
@@ -898,7 +898,6 @@ impl RichtextState {
 
     #[allow(unused)]
     pub(crate) fn check(&self) {
-        // FIXME: remove
         self.tree.check();
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
index d98e708a3..75b0dc095 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ impl Actor {
         let root_value = Arc::clone(&actor.value_tracker);
         actor.loro.subscribe_deep(Arc::new(move |event| {
             let mut root_value = root_value.lock().unwrap();
-            debug_log::debug_dbg!(&event);
+            // debug_log::debug_dbg!(&event);
             root_value.apply(
                 &event.container.path.iter().map(|x| x.1.clone()).collect(),
                 &[event.container.diff.clone()],
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs
index 9ecdc18d4..1df5ae227 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs
@@ -55,7 +55,6 @@ struct Elem {
     v: LoroValue,
 }
 
-const MAX_LEN: usize = 16;
 impl HasLength for Elem {
     fn rle_len(&self) -> usize {
         1
@@ -156,7 +155,6 @@ impl ListState {
     }
 
     pub fn get_child_container_index(&self, id: &ContainerID) -> Option<usize> {
-        debug_dbg!(self.get_value(), id, &self.child_container_to_leaf);
         let leaf = *self.child_container_to_leaf.get(id).unwrap();
         self.list.get_elem(leaf)?;
         let mut index = 0;
@@ -182,7 +180,6 @@ impl ListState {
                 self.child_container_to_leaf
                     .insert(value.into_container().unwrap(), idx);
             }
-            debug_dbg!(self.get_value());
             return;
         }
 
@@ -206,7 +203,6 @@ impl ListState {
         if self.in_txn {
             self.undo_stack.push(UndoItem::Insert { index, len: 1 });
         }
-        debug_dbg!(self.get_value());
     }
 
     pub fn delete(&mut self, index: usize) {
@@ -216,13 +212,9 @@ impl ListState {
         if self.in_txn {
             self.undo_stack.push(UndoItem::Delete { index, value });
         }
-
-        self.check();
-        debug_dbg!(self.get_value());
     }
 
     pub fn delete_range(&mut self, range: impl RangeBounds<usize>) {
-        self.check();
         let start: usize = match range.start_bound() {
             std::ops::Bound::Included(x) => *x,
             std::ops::Bound::Excluded(x) => *x + 1,
@@ -235,7 +227,6 @@ impl ListState {
         };
         if end - start == 1 {
             self.delete(start);
-            debug_dbg!(self.get_value());
             return;
         }
 
@@ -257,9 +248,6 @@ impl ListState {
             let end1 = self1.query::<LengthFinder>(&q.end);
             iter::Drain::new(self1, start1, end1);
         }
-
-        self.check();
-        debug_dbg!(self.get_value());
     }
 
     // PERF: use &[LoroValue]
@@ -306,7 +294,6 @@ impl ListState {
 
 impl ContainerState for ListState {
     fn apply_diff_and_convert(&mut self, diff: InternalDiff, arena: &SharedArena) -> Diff {
-        debug_log::debug_dbg!(&diff);
         let InternalDiff::SeqRaw(delta) = diff else {
             unreachable!()
         };
@@ -333,10 +320,7 @@ impl ContainerState for ListState {
                     }
                     ans = ans.insert(arr.clone());
                     let len = arr.len();
-                    debug_log::debug_log!("Compare list value: {}", index);
-                    debug_log::debug_dbg!(self.get_value());
                     self.insert_batch(index, arr);
-                    debug_log::debug_dbg!(self.get_value());
                     index += len;
                 }
                 crate::delta::DeltaItem::Delete { len, .. } => {
@@ -346,47 +330,45 @@ impl ContainerState for ListState {
             }
         }
 
-        debug_log::debug_dbg!(&ans);
-        debug_dbg!(self.get_value());
         Diff::List(ans)
     }
 
-    // fn apply_diff(&mut self, diff: InternalDiff, arena: &SharedArena) {
-    //     match diff {
-    //         InternalDiff::SeqRaw(delta) => {
-    //             let mut index = 0;
-    //             for span in delta.iter() {
-    //                 match span {
-    //                     crate::delta::DeltaItem::Retain { len, .. } => {
-    //                         index += len;
-    //                     }
-    //                     crate::delta::DeltaItem::Insert { value, .. } => {
-    //                         let mut arr = Vec::new();
-    //                         for slices in value.0.iter() {
-    //                             for i in slices.0.start..slices.0.end {
-    //                                 let value = arena.get_value(i as usize).unwrap();
-    //                                 if value.is_container() {
-    //                                     let c = value.as_container().unwrap();
-    //                                     let idx = arena.register_container(c);
-    //                                     arena.set_parent(idx, Some(self.idx));
-    //                                 }
-    //                                 arr.push(value);
-    //                             }
-    //                         }
-    //                         let len = arr.len();
-
-    //                         self.insert_batch(index, arr);
-    //                         index += len;
-    //                     }
-    //                     crate::delta::DeltaItem::Delete { len, .. } => {
-    //                         self.delete_range(index..index + len);
-    //                     }
-    //                 }
-    //             }
-    //         }
-    //         _ => unreachable!(),
-    //     }
-    // }
+    fn apply_diff(&mut self, diff: InternalDiff, arena: &SharedArena) {
+        match diff {
+            InternalDiff::SeqRaw(delta) => {
+                let mut index = 0;
+                for span in delta.iter() {
+                    match span {
+                        crate::delta::DeltaItem::Retain { len, .. } => {
+                            index += len;
+                        }
+                        crate::delta::DeltaItem::Insert { value, .. } => {
+                            let mut arr = Vec::new();
+                            for slices in value.0.iter() {
+                                for i in slices.0.start..slices.0.end {
+                                    let value = arena.get_value(i as usize).unwrap();
+                                    if value.is_container() {
+                                        let c = value.as_container().unwrap();
+                                        let idx = arena.register_container(c);
+                                        arena.set_parent(idx, Some(self.idx));
+                                    }
+                                    arr.push(value);
+                                }
+                            }
+                            let len = arr.len();
+
+                            self.insert_batch(index, arr);
+                            index += len;
+                        }
+                        crate::delta::DeltaItem::Delete { len, .. } => {
+                            self.delete_range(index..index + len);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
 
     fn apply_op(&mut self, op: &RawOp, _: &Op, arena: &SharedArena) {
         match &op.content {
@@ -424,7 +406,6 @@ impl ContainerState for ListState {
                 crate::container::list::list_op::ListOp::StyleEnd { .. } => unreachable!(),
             },
         }
-        debug_dbg!(self.get_value());
     }
 
     #[doc = " Start a transaction"]

From 50ce64ddd77e6157b9a97467aefabd0eca372e3e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zixuan Chen <remch183@outlook.com>
Date: Wed, 18 Oct 2023 15:00:15 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 095/111] fix: encode enhanced err

---
 .../src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs           |   5 +-
 .../src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs          | 400 ++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 403 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs
index 259945890..73b12acf7 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs
@@ -198,9 +198,10 @@ pub fn encode_oplog_v2(oplog: &OpLog, vv: &VersionVector) -> Vec<u8> {
                     }
                     crate::op::RawOpContent::List(list) => match list {
                         ListOp::Insert { slice, pos } => {
-                            let mut len = 0;
+                            let len;
                             match slice {
                                 ListSlice::RawData(v) => {
+                                    len = 0;
                                     values.push(Some(LoroValue::List(Arc::new(v.to_vec()))));
                                 }
                                 ListSlice::RawStr {
@@ -208,10 +209,10 @@ pub fn encode_oplog_v2(oplog: &OpLog, vv: &VersionVector) -> Vec<u8> {
                                     unicode_len: _,
                                 } => {
                                     len = str.len();
+                                    assert!(len > 0);
                                     string.push_str(str.deref());
                                 }
                             };
-                            assert!(len > 0);
                             (pos, false, len as isize)
                         }
                         ListOp::Delete(span) => {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
index 75b0dc095..bce4829ff 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
@@ -1961,6 +1961,406 @@ mod failed_tests {
         )
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn fuzz_5() {
+        test_multi_sites(
+            5,
+            &mut [
+                Text {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 0,
+                    value: 32382,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 3,
+                    value: 4,
+                    is_del: true,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 0,
+                    value: 32382,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 6,
+                    value: 32502,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 7,
+                    value: 32382,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 0,
+                    value: 255,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 10,
+                    value: 12414,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 22,
+                    value: 1,
+                    is_del: true,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 21,
+                    value: 14,
+                    is_del: true,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 0,
+                    value: 37265,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 0,
+                    value: 63102,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 22,
+                    value: 32382,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 21,
+                    value: 14,
+                    is_del: true,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 2,
+                    value: 5,
+                    is_del: true,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 0,
+                    value: 32382,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 0,
+                    value: 32382,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 22,
+                    value: 32382,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 21,
+                    value: 32382,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 0,
+                    value: 65503,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 0,
+                    value: 32304,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 31,
+                    value: 10113,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 14,
+                    value: 17,
+                    is_del: true,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 10,
+                    value: 32401,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 9,
+                    value: 32502,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 34,
+                    value: 32382,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 20,
+                    value: 31,
+                    is_del: true,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 3,
+                    value: 7,
+                    is_del: true,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 0,
+                    value: 7,
+                    is_del: true,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 16,
+                    value: 32382,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 10,
+                    value: 19,
+                    is_del: true,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 6,
+                    value: 32382,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 7,
+                    value: 32407,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 6,
+                    value: 32382,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 2,
+                    value: 32382,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 1,
+                    value: 63015,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 31,
+                    value: 7,
+                    is_del: true,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 29,
+                    value: 32382,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 12,
+                    value: 32382,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 30,
+                    value: 65535,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 23,
+                    value: 16,
+                    is_del: true,
+                },
+                List {
+                    site: 3,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    key: 0,
+                    value: I32(8949861),
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 0,
+                    value: 34695,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 18,
+                    value: 32502,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 40,
+                    value: 32382,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 26,
+                    value: 32382,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 12,
+                    value: 12543,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 48,
+                    value: 32382,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 19,
+                    value: 63015,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 3,
+                    value: 17,
+                    is_del: true,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 0,
+                    value: 29,
+                    is_del: true,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 30,
+                    value: 32382,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 11,
+                    value: 31,
+                    is_del: true,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 0,
+                    value: 32382,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 6,
+                    value: 24,
+                    is_del: true,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 0,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 2,
+                    value: 5,
+                    is_del: true,
+                },
+                Text {
+                    site: 1,
+                    container_idx: 0,
+                    pos: 0,
+                    value: 32382,
+                    is_del: false,
+                },
+            ],
+        )
+    }
+
     use super::ContainerType as C;
     #[test]
     fn to_minify() {

From 2afcde6febc29f66e06d80ee83590ed24c7ab734 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zixuan Chen <remch183@outlook.com>
Date: Thu, 19 Oct 2023 14:59:16 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 096/111] fix: encode enchanced

---
 .../loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs   |   2 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/encoding.rs          |   3 +
 .../src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs           | 131 ++++++++++++++----
 crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs           |   8 ++
 crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs   |   2 +-
 .../loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs |   2 +-
 6 files changed, 118 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs
index 2e6dd834e..cbe8224fe 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ impl TextStyleInfoFlag {
         self.data
     }
 
-    pub fn from_u8(data: u8) -> Self {
+    pub fn from_byte(data: u8) -> Self {
         Self { data }
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding.rs
index 13b0b7002..50c621554 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding.rs
@@ -25,7 +25,10 @@ pub(crate) use encode_updates::encode_oplog_updates;
 
 pub(crate) const COMPRESS_RLE_THRESHOLD: usize = 20 * 1024;
 // TODO: Test this threshold
+#[cfg(not(test))]
 pub(crate) const UPDATE_ENCODE_THRESHOLD: usize = 512;
+#[cfg(test)]
+pub(crate) const UPDATE_ENCODE_THRESHOLD: usize = 16;
 pub(crate) const MAGIC_BYTES: [u8; 4] = [0x6c, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x6f];
 pub(crate) const ENCODE_SCHEMA_VERSION: u8 = 0;
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs
index 73b12acf7..7a95bf7b2 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ use crate::{
         idx::ContainerIdx,
         list::list_op::{DeleteSpan, ListOp},
         map::MapSet,
+        richtext::TextStyleInfoFlag,
         ContainerID, ContainerType,
     },
     id::{Counter, PeerID, ID},
@@ -68,16 +69,49 @@ struct ChangeEncoding {
 struct OpEncoding {
     #[columnar(strategy = "DeltaRle")]
     container: usize,
-    /// key index or insert/delete pos
+    /// Key index or insert/delete pos
     #[columnar(strategy = "DeltaRle")]
     prop: usize,
-    #[columnar(strategy = "BoolRle")]
-    is_del: bool,
-    // the length of the deletion or insertion
+    /// 0: insert
+    /// 1: delete
+    /// 2: text-anchor-start
+    /// 3: text-anchor-end
+    #[columnar(strategy = "Rle")]
+    kind: u8,
+    /// the length of the deletion or insertion
     #[columnar(strategy = "Rle")]
     insert_del_len: isize,
 }
 
+#[derive(PartialEq, Eq)]
+enum Kind {
+    Insert,
+    Delete,
+    TextAnchorStart,
+    TextAnchorEnd,
+}
+
+impl Kind {
+    fn from_byte(byte: u8) -> Self {
+        match byte {
+            0 => Self::Insert,
+            1 => Self::Delete,
+            2 => Self::TextAnchorStart,
+            3 => Self::TextAnchorEnd,
+            _ => panic!("invalid kind byte"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn to_byte(&self) -> u8 {
+        match self {
+            Self::Insert => 0,
+            Self::Delete => 1,
+            Self::TextAnchorStart => 2,
+            Self::TextAnchorEnd => 3,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[columnar(vec, ser, de, iterable)]
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
 pub(super) struct DepsEncoding {
@@ -109,6 +143,9 @@ struct DocEncoding<'a> {
     #[columnar(borrow)]
     str: Cow<'a, str>,
     #[columnar(borrow)]
+    style_info: Cow<'a, [u8]>,
+    style_key: Vec<usize>,
+    #[columnar(borrow)]
     root_containers: VarZeroVec<'a, RootContainerULE, Index32>,
     start_counter: Vec<Counter>,
     values: Vec<Option<LoroValue>>,
@@ -161,6 +198,8 @@ pub fn encode_oplog_v2(oplog: &OpLog, vv: &VersionVector) -> Vec<u8> {
     let mut deps = Vec::with_capacity(change_num);
     let mut values = Vec::new();
     let mut string: String = String::new();
+    let mut style_key_idx = Vec::new();
+    let mut style_info = Vec::new();
 
     for change in &diff_changes {
         let client_idx = peer_id_to_idx[&change.id.peer];
@@ -184,22 +223,28 @@ pub fn encode_oplog_v2(oplog: &OpLog, vv: &VersionVector) -> Vec<u8> {
             let container_index = *container_idx2index.get(&container).unwrap();
             let op = oplog.local_op_to_remote(op);
             for content in op.contents.into_iter() {
-                let (prop, is_del, insert_del_len) = match content {
+                let (prop, kind, insert_del_len) = match content {
                     crate::op::RawOpContent::Map(MapSet { key, value }) => {
-                        values.push(value.clone());
+                        if value.is_some() {
+                            values.push(value.clone());
+                        }
                         (
                             *key_to_idx.entry(key.clone()).or_insert_with(|| {
                                 keys.push(key.clone());
                                 keys.len() - 1
                             }),
-                            false,
+                            if value.is_some() {
+                                Kind::Insert
+                            } else {
+                                Kind::Delete
+                            },
                             0,
                         )
                     }
                     crate::op::RawOpContent::List(list) => match list {
                         ListOp::Insert { slice, pos } => {
                             let len;
-                            match slice {
+                            match &slice {
                                 ListSlice::RawData(v) => {
                                     len = 0;
                                     values.push(Some(LoroValue::List(Arc::new(v.to_vec()))));
@@ -209,29 +254,41 @@ pub fn encode_oplog_v2(oplog: &OpLog, vv: &VersionVector) -> Vec<u8> {
                                     unicode_len: _,
                                 } => {
                                     len = str.len();
-                                    assert!(len > 0);
+                                    assert!(len > 0, "{:?}", &slice);
                                     string.push_str(str.deref());
                                 }
                             };
-                            (pos, false, len as isize)
+                            (pos, Kind::Insert, len as isize)
                         }
                         ListOp::Delete(span) => {
                             // span.len maybe negative
-                            (span.pos as usize, true, span.signed_len)
+                            (span.pos as usize, Kind::Delete, span.signed_len)
                         }
                         ListOp::StyleStart {
                             start,
                             end,
                             key,
                             info,
-                        } => unimplemented!("style encode"),
-                        ListOp::StyleEnd => unimplemented!("style encode"),
+                        } => {
+                            let key_idx = *key_to_idx.entry(key.clone()).or_insert_with(|| {
+                                keys.push(key.clone());
+                                keys.len() - 1
+                            });
+                            style_key_idx.push(key_idx);
+                            style_info.push(info.to_u8());
+                            (
+                                start as usize,
+                                Kind::TextAnchorStart,
+                                end as isize - start as isize,
+                            )
+                        }
+                        ListOp::StyleEnd => (0, Kind::TextAnchorEnd, 0),
                     },
                 };
                 op_len += 1;
                 ops.push(OpEncoding {
                     prop,
-                    is_del,
+                    kind: kind.to_byte(),
                     insert_del_len,
                     container: container_index,
                 })
@@ -258,6 +315,8 @@ pub fn encode_oplog_v2(oplog: &OpLog, vv: &VersionVector) -> Vec<u8> {
         root_containers: VarZeroVec::from(&root_containers),
         normal_containers,
         values,
+        style_key: style_key_idx,
+        style_info: Cow::Owned(style_info),
     };
 
     to_vec(&encoded).unwrap()
@@ -359,6 +418,8 @@ pub fn decode_oplog_v2(oplog: &mut OpLog, input: &[u8]) -> Result<(), LoroError>
         keys,
         root_containers,
         values,
+        style_key,
+        style_info,
     } = encoded;
 
     let start_vv: VersionVector = peers
@@ -382,6 +443,8 @@ pub fn decode_oplog_v2(oplog: &mut OpLog, input: &[u8]) -> Result<(), LoroError>
 
     let mut op_iter = ops;
     let mut deps_iter = deps;
+    let mut style_key_iter = style_key.into_iter();
+    let mut style_info_iter = style_info.iter();
     let get_container = |idx: usize| {
         if idx < root_containers.len() {
             let Some(container) = root_containers.get(idx) else {
@@ -425,8 +488,8 @@ pub fn decode_oplog_v2(oplog: &mut OpLog, input: &[u8]) -> Result<(), LoroError>
                 let OpEncoding {
                     container: container_idx,
                     prop,
-                    is_del,
                     insert_del_len,
+                    kind,
                 } = op;
 
                 let Some(container_id) = get_container(container_idx) else {
@@ -436,20 +499,19 @@ pub fn decode_oplog_v2(oplog: &mut OpLog, input: &[u8]) -> Result<(), LoroError>
                 let content = match container_type {
                     ContainerType::Map => {
                         let key = keys[prop].clone();
-                        RawOpContent::Map(MapSet {
-                            key,
-                            value: value_iter.next().unwrap(),
-                        })
+                        if Kind::from_byte(kind) == Kind::Delete {
+                            RawOpContent::Map(MapSet { key, value: None })
+                        } else {
+                            RawOpContent::Map(MapSet {
+                                key,
+                                value: value_iter.next().unwrap(),
+                            })
+                        }
                     }
                     ContainerType::List | ContainerType::Text => {
                         let pos = prop;
-                        if is_del {
-                            RawOpContent::List(ListOp::Delete(DeleteSpan {
-                                pos: pos as isize,
-                                signed_len: insert_del_len,
-                            }))
-                        } else {
-                            match container_type {
+                        match Kind::from_byte(kind) {
+                            Kind::Insert => match container_type {
                                 ContainerType::Text => {
                                     let insert_len = insert_del_len as usize;
                                     let s = &str[str_index..str_index + insert_len];
@@ -472,10 +534,25 @@ pub fn decode_oplog_v2(oplog: &mut OpLog, input: &[u8]) -> Result<(), LoroError>
                                     })
                                 }
                                 _ => unreachable!(),
+                            },
+                            Kind::Delete => RawOpContent::List(ListOp::Delete(DeleteSpan {
+                                pos: pos as isize,
+                                signed_len: insert_del_len,
+                            })),
+                            Kind::TextAnchorStart => RawOpContent::List(ListOp::StyleStart {
+                                start: pos as u32,
+                                end: insert_del_len as u32 + pos as u32,
+                                key: keys[style_key_iter.next().unwrap()].clone(),
+                                info: TextStyleInfoFlag::from_byte(
+                                    *style_info_iter.next().unwrap(),
+                                ),
+                            }),
+                            Kind::TextAnchorEnd => RawOpContent::List(ListOp::StyleEnd),
+                            _ => {
+                                unreachable!()
                             }
                         }
                     }
-                    ContainerType::Text => unimplemented!(),
                 };
                 let remote_op = RemoteOp {
                     container: container_id,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
index e7bf5da3b..cbbdc718d 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
@@ -169,6 +169,10 @@ impl TextHandler {
     /// - if feature="wasm", pos is a UTF-16 index
     /// - if feature!="wasm", pos is a Unicode index
     pub fn insert(&self, txn: &mut Transaction, pos: usize, s: &str) -> LoroResult<()> {
+        if s.is_empty() {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
         let entity_index =
             self.state
                 .upgrade()
@@ -205,6 +209,10 @@ impl TextHandler {
     /// - if feature="wasm", pos is a UTF-16 index
     /// - if feature!="wasm", pos is a Unicode index
     pub fn delete(&self, txn: &mut Transaction, pos: usize, len: usize) -> LoroResult<()> {
+        if len == 0 {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
         debug_log::group!("delete pos={} len={}", pos, len);
         let ranges =
             self.state
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
index 7638ea5ae..7942773fe 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ pub fn decode_oplog(
                                     start: start as u32,
                                     end: end as u32,
                                     key,
-                                    info: TextStyleInfoFlag::from_u8(info),
+                                    info: TextStyleInfoFlag::from_byte(info),
                                 }),
                                 container_idx,
                             )
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
index e6fa1b18b..8b1985fcb 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
@@ -511,7 +511,7 @@ impl RichtextState {
                             peer: common.peer_ids[style_compact.peer_idx as usize],
                             cnt: style_compact.counter as Counter,
                             key: state_arena.keywords[style_compact.key_idx as usize].clone(),
-                            info: TextStyleInfoFlag::from_u8(style_compact.style_info),
+                            info: TextStyleInfoFlag::from_byte(style_compact.style_info),
                         }),
                         if is_start {
                             AnchorType::Start

From 30d12fa8b2cc7fc7787f1a50c39f8e1addf425b3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zixuan Chen <remch183@outlook.com>
Date: Thu, 19 Oct 2023 17:33:43 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 097/111] fix: fix several richtext issue

---
 .vscode/settings.json                         |   2 +-
 .../src/container/richtext/fugue_span.rs      |  10 +-
 .../src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs  |  24 ++-
 .../src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs |   1 -
 .../src/container/richtext/tracker.rs         |   5 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz.rs              | 170 ++++++++++++++++--
 crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs           |  28 ++-
 crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs              |   1 +
 .../loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs |   2 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs             |   3 -
 10 files changed, 204 insertions(+), 42 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.vscode/settings.json b/.vscode/settings.json
index 70fb02358..29a72e943 100644
--- a/.vscode/settings.json
+++ b/.vscode/settings.json
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
     "yspan"
   ],
   "rust-analyzer.runnableEnv": {
-    "RUST_BACKTRACE": "full",
+    "RUST_BACKTRACE": "1",
     "DEBUG": "*"
   },
   "rust-analyzer.cargo.features": ["test_utils"],
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/fugue_span.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/fugue_span.rs
index a86fa546c..762c46c81 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/fugue_span.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/fugue_span.rs
@@ -6,12 +6,20 @@ use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
 use super::AnchorType;
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Copy, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Copy, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub(crate) struct RichtextChunk {
     start: u32,
     end: u32,
 }
 
+impl std::fmt::Debug for RichtextChunk {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("RichtextChunk")
+            .field("value", &self.value())
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Copy)]
 pub(crate) enum RichtextChunkKind {
     Text,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
index f8902e2b7..dff2a37eb 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
@@ -6,16 +6,15 @@ use generic_btree::{
 };
 use loro_common::LoroValue;
 use serde::{ser::SerializeStruct, Serialize};
-use std::{
-    borrow::Cow,
-    ops::{Add, AddAssign, Range, RangeBounds, Sub},
-    str::{from_utf8_unchecked, Utf8Error},
-    sync::Arc,
-};
 use std::{
     fmt::{Display, Formatter},
     mem::take,
 };
+use std::{
+    ops::{Add, AddAssign, Range, Sub},
+    str::{from_utf8_unchecked, Utf8Error},
+    sync::Arc,
+};
 
 use crate::{
     container::richtext::style_range_map::StyleValue, delta::DeltaValue,
@@ -23,7 +22,7 @@ use crate::{
 };
 
 // FIXME: Check splice and other things are using unicode index
-use self::query::{EntityQuery, EntityQueryT, EventIndexQuery, UnicodeQuery, Utf16Query};
+use self::query::{EntityQuery, EntityQueryT, EventIndexQuery, UnicodeQuery};
 
 use super::{
     query_by_len::{IndexQuery, QueryByLen},
@@ -270,7 +269,7 @@ pub(crate) fn utf16_to_utf8_index(s: &str, utf16_index: usize) -> Option<usize>
         let len = c.len_utf16();
         current_utf16_index += len;
         if current_utf16_index == utf16_index {
-            return Some(byte_index);
+            return Some(byte_index + c.len_utf8());
         }
     }
 
@@ -820,7 +819,6 @@ impl RichtextState {
         removed_entity_ranges
     }
 
-    // TODO: refactor extract common code
     pub(crate) fn get_text_entity_ranges<Q: Query<RichtextTreeTrait, QueryArg = usize>>(
         &self,
         pos: usize,
@@ -842,6 +840,10 @@ impl RichtextState {
         for span in self.tree.iter_range(start..end) {
             let start = span.start.unwrap_or(0);
             let end = span.end.unwrap_or(span.elem.rle_len());
+            if end == 0 {
+                break;
+            }
+
             let len = end - start;
             match span.elem {
                 RichtextStateChunk::Text { .. } => {
@@ -856,7 +858,6 @@ impl RichtextState {
                     entity_index += len;
                 }
                 RichtextStateChunk::Style { .. } => {
-                    ans.push(entity_index..entity_index + 1);
                     entity_index += 1;
                 }
             }
@@ -887,8 +888,6 @@ impl RichtextState {
         let end = self.tree.query::<EntityQuery>(&range.end);
         let start_event_index = self.cursor_to_event_index(start.unwrap().cursor);
         let end_event_index = self.cursor_to_event_index(end.unwrap().cursor);
-        debug_log::debug_dbg!(&start, &end);
-        // debug_log::debug_dbg!(&self.tree);
         (
             generic_btree::iter::Drain::new(&mut self.tree, start, end),
             start_event_index,
@@ -1102,7 +1101,6 @@ impl RichtextState {
     }
 
     pub fn get_richtext_value(&self) -> LoroValue {
-        debug_log::debug_dbg!(&self);
         let mut ans: Vec<LoroValue> = Vec::new();
         let mut last_styles: Option<Vec<_>> = None;
         for mut span in self.iter() {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs
index 2ac31f0da..1e7e59756 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs
@@ -82,7 +82,6 @@ impl StyleRangeMap {
 
     pub fn annotate(&mut self, range: Range<usize>, style: Arc<StyleOp>) {
         debug_log::debug_log!("Annotate {:?}", &range);
-        dbg!(&self);
         let range = self.0.range::<LengthFinder>(range);
         if range.is_none() {
             unreachable!();
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs
index 6502fa7af..45239351c 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs
@@ -73,8 +73,8 @@ impl Tracker {
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn insert(&mut self, op_id: ID, pos: usize, content: RichtextChunk) {
-        debug_log::debug_log!("before insert {} pos={}", op_id, pos);
-        debug_log::debug_dbg!(&self);
+        // debug_log::debug_log!("before insert {} pos={}", op_id, pos);
+        // debug_log::debug_dbg!(&self);
         if self.applied_vv.includes_id(op_id) {
             assert!(self
                 .applied_vv
@@ -105,7 +105,6 @@ impl Tracker {
         self.current_vv.extend_to_include_end_id(end_id);
         self.applied_vv.extend_to_include_end_id(end_id);
         debug_log::debug_log!("after insert {}", op_id);
-        debug_log::debug_dbg!(&self);
     }
 
     fn update_insert_by_split(&mut self, split: &[LeafIndex]) {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz.rs
index 87bd5fbcc..60bd5b6e6 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 pub mod recursive_refactored;
 
-use crate::{array_mut_ref, loro::LoroDoc};
+use crate::{array_mut_ref, container::richtext::TextStyleInfoFlag, loro::LoroDoc};
 use debug_log::debug_log;
 use enum_as_inner::EnumAsInner;
 use std::{fmt::Debug, time::Instant};
@@ -8,9 +8,27 @@ use tabled::{TableIteratorExt, Tabled};
 
 #[derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary, EnumAsInner, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
 pub enum Action {
-    Ins { content: u16, pos: usize, site: u8 },
-    Del { pos: usize, len: usize, site: u8 },
-    Sync { from: u8, to: u8 },
+    Ins {
+        content: u16,
+        pos: usize,
+        site: u8,
+    },
+    Del {
+        pos: usize,
+        len: usize,
+        site: u8,
+    },
+    Mark {
+        pos: usize,
+        len: usize,
+        site: u8,
+        style_info: u8,
+        style_key: u8,
+    },
+    Sync {
+        from: u8,
+        to: u8,
+    },
     SyncAll,
 }
 
@@ -47,6 +65,19 @@ impl Tabled for Action {
                 "".into(),
                 "".into(),
             ],
+            Action::Mark {
+                pos,
+                len,
+                site,
+                style_info,
+                style_key,
+            } => vec![
+                "mark".into(),
+                site.to_string().into(),
+                pos.to_string().into(),
+                len.to_string().into(),
+                format!("{} {}", style_info, style_key).into(),
+            ],
         }
     }
 
@@ -88,6 +119,24 @@ impl Action {
                 *to %= max_users;
             }
             Action::SyncAll => {}
+            Action::Mark {
+                pos,
+                len,
+                site,
+                style_info,
+                style_key,
+            } => {
+                if max_len == 0 {
+                    *pos = 0;
+                    *len = 0;
+                } else {
+                    *pos %= max_len;
+                    *len = (*len).min(max_len - (*pos));
+                }
+
+                *site %= max_users;
+                *style_key %= 8;
+            }
         }
     }
 }
@@ -171,6 +220,29 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<LoroDoc> {
                     b.import(&a.export_from(&b.oplog_vv())).unwrap();
                 }
             }
+            Action::Mark {
+                pos,
+                len,
+                site,
+                style_info,
+                style_key,
+            } => {
+                if *len == 0 {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                let site = &mut self[*site as usize];
+                let mut txn = site.txn().unwrap();
+                let text = txn.get_text("text");
+                text.mark(
+                    &mut txn,
+                    *pos,
+                    *pos + *len,
+                    &style_key.to_string(),
+                    TextStyleInfoFlag::from_byte(*style_info),
+                )
+                .unwrap();
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -204,6 +276,26 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<LoroDoc> {
                 *to %= self.len() as u8;
             }
             Action::SyncAll => {}
+            Action::Mark {
+                pos,
+                len,
+                site,
+                style_info: _,
+                style_key,
+            } => {
+                *site %= self.len() as u8;
+                let app_state = &mut self[*site as usize].app_state().lock().unwrap();
+                let text = app_state.get_text("text").unwrap();
+                if text.is_empty() {
+                    *len = 0;
+                    *pos = 0;
+                } else {
+                    *pos %= text.len_unicode();
+                    *len = (*len).min(text.len_unicode() - (*pos));
+                }
+
+                *style_key %= 8;
+            }
         }
     }
 }
@@ -238,28 +330,45 @@ fn check_synced_refactored(sites: &mut [LoroDoc]) {
                 b.import(&a.export_from(&b.oplog_vv())).unwrap();
                 debug_log::group_end!();
             }
-            check_eq_refactored(a, b);
+            check_eq(a, b);
             debug_log::group_end!();
         }
     }
 }
 
-fn check_eq_refactored(site_a: &mut LoroDoc, site_b: &mut LoroDoc) {
+fn check_eq(site_a: &mut LoroDoc, site_b: &mut LoroDoc) {
     let a = site_a.txn().unwrap();
     let text_a = a.get_text("text");
     let b = site_b.txn().unwrap();
     let text_b = b.get_text("text");
-    let value_a = text_a.get_value();
-    let value_b = text_b.get_value();
-    assert_eq!(
-        value_a,
-        value_b,
-        "peer{}={:?}, peer{}={:?}",
-        site_a.peer_id(),
-        value_a,
-        site_b.peer_id(),
-        value_b
-    );
+    let value_a = text_a.get_richtext_value();
+    let value_b = text_b.get_richtext_value();
+    if value_a != value_b {
+        {
+            // compare plain text value
+            let value_a = text_a.get_value();
+            let value_b = text_b.get_value();
+            assert_eq!(
+                value_a,
+                value_b,
+                "Plain Text not equal. peer{}={:?}, peer{}={:?}",
+                site_a.peer_id(),
+                value_a,
+                site_b.peer_id(),
+                value_b
+            );
+        }
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            value_a,
+            value_b,
+            "Richtext Style not equal. peer{}={:?}, peer{}={:?}",
+            site_a.peer_id(),
+            value_a,
+            site_b.peer_id(),
+            value_b
+        );
+    }
 }
 
 pub fn minify_error<T, F, N>(site_num: u8, actions: Vec<T>, f: F, normalize: N)
@@ -1690,6 +1799,33 @@ mod test {
         )
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn richtext_fuzz_0() {
+        test_multi_sites_refactored(
+            5,
+            &mut [
+                Ins {
+                    content: 9728,
+                    pos: 3829748534148603701,
+                    site: 31,
+                },
+                SyncAll,
+                Mark {
+                    pos: 144373576751199690,
+                    len: 39583260855602,
+                    site: 38,
+                    style_info: 53,
+                    style_key: 227,
+                },
+                Del {
+                    pos: 18446521092732302645,
+                    len: 15028556109460991,
+                    site: 53,
+                },
+            ],
+        )
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn mini_r() {
         minify_error(2, vec![], test_multi_sites_refactored, |_, ans| {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
index cbbdc718d..5966dc4b5 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use crate::{
     txn::EventHint,
 };
 use enum_as_inner::EnumAsInner;
-use loro_common::{ContainerID, ContainerType, LoroResult, LoroValue};
+use loro_common::{ContainerID, ContainerType, LoroError, LoroResult, LoroValue};
 use std::{
     borrow::Cow,
     sync::{Mutex, Weak},
@@ -164,6 +164,23 @@ impl TextHandler {
             })
     }
 
+    /// if `wasm` feature is enabled, it is a UTF-16 length
+    /// otherwise, it is a Unicode length
+    pub fn len_event(&self) -> usize {
+        self.state
+            .upgrade()
+            .unwrap()
+            .lock()
+            .unwrap()
+            .with_state(self.container_idx, |state| {
+                if cfg!(feature = "wasm") {
+                    state.as_richtext_state().unwrap().len_utf16()
+                } else {
+                    state.as_richtext_state().unwrap().len_unicode()
+                }
+            })
+    }
+
     /// `pos` is a Event Index:
     ///
     /// - if feature="wasm", pos is a UTF-16 index
@@ -213,6 +230,13 @@ impl TextHandler {
             return Ok(());
         }
 
+        if pos + len > self.len_event() {
+            return Err(LoroError::OutOfBound {
+                pos: pos + len,
+                len: self.len_event(),
+            });
+        }
+
         debug_log::group!("delete pos={} len={}", pos, len);
         let ranges =
             self.state
@@ -227,7 +251,7 @@ impl TextHandler {
                         .get_text_entity_ranges_in_event_index_range(pos, len)
                 });
 
-        debug_log::debug_dbg!(&ranges, pos, len);
+        debug_assert_eq!(ranges.iter().map(|x| x.len()).sum::<usize>(), len);
         let mut is_first = true;
         for range in ranges.iter().rev() {
             txn.apply_local_op(
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs
index f9097d673..903c97b32 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs
@@ -253,6 +253,7 @@ impl LoroDoc {
                     let app = LoroDoc::new();
                     decode_app_snapshot(&app, &input[1..], false)?;
                     let oplog = self.oplog.lock().unwrap();
+                    // TODO: PERF: the ser and de can be optimized out
                     let updates = app.export_from(oplog.vv());
                     drop(oplog);
                     return self.import_with(&updates, origin);
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
index 8b1985fcb..a425cc85e 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use crate::{
         idx::ContainerIdx,
         richtext::{
             query::{EventIndexQuery, Utf16Query},
-            AnchorType, RichtextState as InnerState, Style, StyleOp, TextStyleInfoFlag,
+            AnchorType, RichtextState as InnerState, StyleOp, TextStyleInfoFlag,
         },
     },
     container::{list::list_op, richtext::richtext_state::RichtextStateChunk},
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
index e509e316f..c69066474 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ use crate::{
     event::{Diff, Index, Path},
 };
 
-use debug_log::debug_dbg;
 pub use loro_common::LoroValue;
 
 pub trait ToJson {
@@ -43,7 +42,6 @@ enum TypeHint {
     Map,
     Text,
     List,
-    Richtext,
 }
 
 pub trait ApplyDiff {
@@ -157,7 +155,6 @@ impl ApplyDiff for LoroValue {
                             TypeHint::Map => LoroValue::Map(Default::default()),
                             TypeHint::Text => LoroValue::String(Arc::new(String::new())),
                             TypeHint::List => LoroValue::List(Default::default()),
-                            TypeHint::Richtext => LoroValue::List(Default::default()),
                         })
                     }
                     Index::Seq(index) => {

From a57936eb95c1c5c5f7688d14619a49557aa0c1ca Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zixuan Chen <remch183@outlook.com>
Date: Thu, 19 Oct 2023 18:14:37 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 098/111] fix: richtext anchor err

---
 .../src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs  |  2 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs           | 23 ++++++
 .../loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs | 72 +++++++++++--------
 crates/loro-internal/src/utils/bitmap.rs      | 52 +++++++++++++-
 4 files changed, 117 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
index dff2a37eb..407d8653b 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
@@ -911,7 +911,7 @@ impl RichtextState {
         );
         self.insert_elem_at_entity_index(
             range.start,
-            RichtextStateChunk::from_style(style.clone(), AnchorType::End),
+            RichtextStateChunk::from_style(style.clone(), AnchorType::Start),
         );
         // end_entity_index + 2, because
         // 1. We inserted a start anchor before end_entity_index, so we need to +1
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
index 5966dc4b5..cc3744ff4 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
@@ -854,4 +854,27 @@ mod test {
             );
         }
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn richtext_snapshot() {
+        let loro = LoroDoc::new();
+        let mut txn = loro.txn().unwrap();
+        let handler = loro.get_text("richtext");
+        handler.insert(&mut txn, 0, "hello world").unwrap();
+        handler
+            .mark(&mut txn, 0, 5, "bold", TextStyleInfoFlag::BOLD)
+            .unwrap();
+        txn.commit().unwrap();
+
+        let loro2 = LoroDoc::new();
+        loro2.import(&loro.export_snapshot()).unwrap();
+        let handler2 = loro2.get_text("richtext");
+        assert_eq!(
+            handler2.get_richtext_value().to_json_value(),
+            serde_json::json!([
+                {"insert": "hello", "attributes": {"bold": true}},
+                {"insert": " world"}
+            ])
+        );
+    }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
index a425cc85e..97df0ee7e 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 use std::{ops::Range, sync::Arc};
 
+use debug_log::debug_dbg;
 use fxhash::FxHashMap;
 use generic_btree::rle::HasLength;
 use loro_common::{Counter, LoroValue, PeerID, ID};
@@ -255,7 +256,7 @@ impl ContainerState for RichtextState {
                             );
                         }
                         RichtextStateChunk::Style { style, anchor_type } => {
-                            let (pos, _) = self.state.insert_elem_at_entity_index(
+                            self.state.insert_elem_at_entity_index(
                                 entity_index,
                                 RichtextStateChunk::Style {
                                     style: style.clone(),
@@ -462,10 +463,11 @@ impl RichtextState {
     }
 
     #[inline(always)]
-    pub(crate) fn get_loader(&mut self) -> RichtextStateLoader {
+    fn get_loader(&mut self) -> RichtextStateLoader {
         RichtextStateLoader {
             state: self,
             start_anchor_pos: Default::default(),
+            entity_index: 0,
         }
     }
 
@@ -488,11 +490,11 @@ impl RichtextState {
     ) {
         let bit_len = is_style_start.len() * 8;
         let is_style_start = BitMap::from_vec(is_style_start, bit_len);
+        let mut is_style_start_iter = is_style_start.iter();
         let mut loader = self.get_loader();
         let mut is_text = true;
         let mut text_range_iter = text.iter();
         let mut style_iter = styles.iter();
-        let mut style_index = 0;
         for &len in len.iter() {
             if is_text {
                 for _ in 0..len {
@@ -502,8 +504,7 @@ impl RichtextState {
                 }
             } else {
                 for _ in 0..len {
-                    let is_start = is_style_start.get(style_index);
-                    style_index += 1;
+                    let is_start = is_style_start_iter.next().unwrap();
                     let style_compact = style_iter.next().unwrap();
                     loader.push(RichtextStateChunk::new_style(
                         Arc::new(StyleOp {
@@ -531,38 +532,38 @@ impl RichtextState {
         record_peer: &mut impl FnMut(PeerID) -> u32,
         record_key: &mut impl FnMut(&InternalString) -> usize,
     ) -> EncodedRichtextState {
-        let mut len = Vec::new();
+        // lengths are interleaved [text_elem_len, style_elem_len, ..]
+        let mut lengths = Vec::new();
         let mut text_ranges = Vec::new();
         let mut styles = Vec::new();
         let mut is_style_start = BitMap::new();
 
-        let mut is_last_style = false;
         for chunk in self.iter_chunk() {
+            debug_log::debug_dbg!(&chunk);
             match chunk {
-                RichtextStateChunk::Text { text, unicode_len } => {
-                    if is_last_style || len.is_empty() {
-                        len.push(1);
-                    } else {
-                        *len.last_mut().unwrap() += 1;
+                RichtextStateChunk::Text {
+                    text,
+                    unicode_len: _,
+                } => {
+                    if lengths.len() % 2 == 0 {
+                        lengths.push(0);
                     }
 
-                    is_last_style = false;
+                    *lengths.last_mut().unwrap() += 1;
                     text_ranges.push((text.start() as u32, text.end() as u32));
                 }
                 RichtextStateChunk::Style { style, anchor_type } => {
-                    if !is_last_style {
-                        len.push(1);
-                    } else {
-                        if len.is_empty() {
-                            // zero text chunk to switch to style mode
-                            len.push(0);
-                            len.push(0);
-                        }
+                    if lengths.is_empty() {
+                        lengths.reserve(2);
+                        lengths.push(0);
+                        lengths.push(0);
+                    }
 
-                        *len.last_mut().unwrap() += 1;
+                    if lengths.len() % 2 == 1 {
+                        lengths.push(0);
                     }
 
-                    is_last_style = true;
+                    *lengths.last_mut().unwrap() += 1;
                     is_style_start.push(*anchor_type == AnchorType::Start);
                     styles.push(loro_preload::CompactStyleOp {
                         peer_idx: record_peer(style.peer),
@@ -575,8 +576,9 @@ impl RichtextState {
             }
         }
 
+        dbg!(&is_style_start);
         EncodedRichtextState {
-            len,
+            len: lengths,
             text: text_ranges,
             styles,
             is_style_start: is_style_start.into_vec(),
@@ -588,17 +590,31 @@ impl RichtextState {
 pub(crate) struct RichtextStateLoader<'a> {
     state: &'a mut RichtextState,
     start_anchor_pos: FxHashMap<ID, usize>,
+    entity_index: usize,
 }
 
 impl<'a> RichtextStateLoader<'a> {
     pub fn push(&mut self, elem: RichtextStateChunk) {
-        match &elem {
-            RichtextStateChunk::Style { style, anchor_type } => {
-                // FIXME: detect style bound
+        debug_log::debug_dbg!(&elem);
+        if let RichtextStateChunk::Style { style, anchor_type } = &elem {
+            if *anchor_type == AnchorType::Start {
+                self.start_anchor_pos
+                    .insert(ID::new(style.peer, style.cnt), self.entity_index);
+            } else {
+                debug_log::debug_dbg!(&self.start_anchor_pos);
+                let start_pos = self
+                    .start_anchor_pos
+                    .remove(&ID::new(style.peer, style.cnt))
+                    .expect("Style start not found");
+
+                // we need to + 1 because we also need to annotate the end anchor
+                self.state
+                    .state
+                    .annotate_style_range(start_pos..self.entity_index, style.clone());
             }
-            RichtextStateChunk::Text { .. } => {}
         }
 
+        self.entity_index += elem.rle_len();
         self.state.state.push(elem);
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/utils/bitmap.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/utils/bitmap.rs
index 4e3e0c584..652d88ecf 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/utils/bitmap.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/utils/bitmap.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,27 @@
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct BitMap {
     vec: Vec<u8>,
     len: usize,
 }
 
+impl std::fmt::Debug for BitMap {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        let mut ans = String::new();
+        for v in self.iter() {
+            if v {
+                ans.push('1');
+            } else {
+                ans.push('0');
+            }
+        }
+
+        f.debug_struct("BitMap")
+            .field("len", &self.len)
+            .field("vec", &ans)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
 impl BitMap {
     pub fn new() -> Self {
         Self {
@@ -25,9 +43,10 @@ impl BitMap {
     }
 
     pub fn push(&mut self, v: bool) {
-        if self.len % 8 == 0 {
+        while self.len / 8 >= self.vec.len() {
             self.vec.push(0);
         }
+
         if v {
             self.vec[self.len / 8] |= 1 << (self.len % 8);
         }
@@ -38,6 +57,33 @@ impl BitMap {
         if index >= self.len {
             panic!("index out of range");
         }
-        self.vec[index / 8] & (1 << (index % 8)) != 0
+
+        (self.vec[index / 8] & (1 << (index % 8))) != 0
+    }
+
+    pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = bool> + '_ {
+        self.vec
+            .iter()
+            .flat_map(|&v| (0..8).map(move |i| (v & (1 << i)) != 0))
+            .take(self.len)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::BitMap;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn basic() {
+        let mut map = BitMap::new();
+        map.push(true);
+        map.push(false);
+        map.push(true);
+        map.push(true);
+        assert!(map.get(0));
+        assert!(!map.get(1));
+        assert!(map.get(2));
+        assert!(map.get(3));
+        dbg!(map);
     }
 }

From 116f38269bf89c305bfda303c135dc21096c37b0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zixuan Chen <remch183@outlook.com>
Date: Thu, 19 Oct 2023 18:16:30 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 099/111] chore: rm debug code

---
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs | 1 -
 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
index 97df0ee7e..d8a878ddc 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
@@ -576,7 +576,6 @@ impl RichtextState {
             }
         }
 
-        dbg!(&is_style_start);
         EncodedRichtextState {
             len: lengths,
             text: text_ranges,

From bc4f80287ef0b4fe49ce1ba0ad040b1cff6bb5e4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zixuan Chen <remch183@outlook.com>
Date: Thu, 19 Oct 2023 18:47:12 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 100/111] fix: richtext fuzz err

---
 .../loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs   |  4 +-
 .../src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs  | 13 +--
 .../src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs           |  2 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz.rs              | 90 +++++++++++++++++--
 crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs   |  2 +-
 .../loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs |  2 +-
 6 files changed, 94 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs
index cbe8224fe..6086a6b60 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext.rs
@@ -267,11 +267,11 @@ impl TextStyleInfoFlag {
     pub const COMMENT: TextStyleInfoFlag =
         TextStyleInfoFlag::new(false, ExpandType::None, false, true);
 
-    pub fn to_u8(&self) -> u8 {
+    pub const fn to_byte(&self) -> u8 {
         self.data
     }
 
-    pub fn from_byte(data: u8) -> Self {
+    pub const fn from_byte(data: u8) -> Self {
         Self { data }
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
index 407d8653b..279dfa9d1 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use append_only_bytes::BytesSlice;
-use fxhash::FxHashMap;
+use fxhash::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
 use generic_btree::{
     rle::{HasLength, Mergeable, Sliceable},
     BTree, BTreeTrait, Cursor, Query,
@@ -1102,10 +1102,11 @@ impl RichtextState {
 
     pub fn get_richtext_value(&self) -> LoroValue {
         let mut ans: Vec<LoroValue> = Vec::new();
-        let mut last_styles: Option<Vec<_>> = None;
-        for mut span in self.iter() {
-            if let Some(last) = last_styles.as_ref() {
-                if last == &span.styles {
+        let mut last_style_set: Option<FxHashSet<_>> = None;
+        for span in self.iter() {
+            let style_set: FxHashSet<Style> = span.styles.iter().cloned().collect();
+            if let Some(last) = last_style_set.as_ref() {
+                if &style_set == last {
                     let hash_map = ans.last_mut().unwrap().as_map_mut().unwrap();
                     let s = Arc::make_mut(hash_map)
                         .get_mut("insert")
@@ -1133,7 +1134,7 @@ impl RichtextState {
             }
 
             ans.push(LoroValue::Map(Arc::new(value)));
-            last_styles = Some(take(&mut span.styles));
+            last_style_set = Some(style_set);
         }
 
         LoroValue::List(Arc::new(ans))
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs
index 7a95bf7b2..4c98d52f0 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ pub fn encode_oplog_v2(oplog: &OpLog, vv: &VersionVector) -> Vec<u8> {
                                 keys.len() - 1
                             });
                             style_key_idx.push(key_idx);
-                            style_info.push(info.to_u8());
+                            style_info.push(info.to_byte());
                             (
                                 start as usize,
                                 Kind::TextAnchorStart,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz.rs
index 60bd5b6e6..c2021e21d 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz.rs
@@ -6,6 +6,17 @@ use enum_as_inner::EnumAsInner;
 use std::{fmt::Debug, time::Instant};
 use tabled::{TableIteratorExt, Tabled};
 
+const STYLES: [TextStyleInfoFlag; 8] = [
+    TextStyleInfoFlag::BOLD,
+    TextStyleInfoFlag::COMMENT,
+    TextStyleInfoFlag::LINK,
+    TextStyleInfoFlag::LINK.to_delete(),
+    TextStyleInfoFlag::BOLD.to_delete(),
+    TextStyleInfoFlag::COMMENT.to_delete(),
+    TextStyleInfoFlag::from_byte(0),
+    TextStyleInfoFlag::from_byte(0).to_delete(),
+];
+
 #[derive(arbitrary::Arbitrary, EnumAsInner, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
 pub enum Action {
     Ins {
@@ -22,7 +33,6 @@ pub enum Action {
         pos: usize,
         len: usize,
         site: u8,
-        style_info: u8,
         style_key: u8,
     },
     Sync {
@@ -69,14 +79,13 @@ impl Tabled for Action {
                 pos,
                 len,
                 site,
-                style_info,
                 style_key,
             } => vec![
                 "mark".into(),
                 site.to_string().into(),
                 pos.to_string().into(),
                 len.to_string().into(),
-                format!("{} {}", style_info, style_key).into(),
+                format!("style {}", style_key).into(),
             ],
         }
     }
@@ -123,7 +132,6 @@ impl Action {
                 pos,
                 len,
                 site,
-                style_info,
                 style_key,
             } => {
                 if max_len == 0 {
@@ -224,7 +232,6 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<LoroDoc> {
                 pos,
                 len,
                 site,
-                style_info,
                 style_key,
             } => {
                 if *len == 0 {
@@ -239,7 +246,7 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<LoroDoc> {
                     *pos,
                     *pos + *len,
                     &style_key.to_string(),
-                    TextStyleInfoFlag::from_byte(*style_info),
+                    STYLES[*style_key as usize],
                 )
                 .unwrap();
             }
@@ -280,7 +287,6 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<LoroDoc> {
                 pos,
                 len,
                 site,
-                style_info: _,
                 style_key,
             } => {
                 *site %= self.len() as u8;
@@ -1814,7 +1820,6 @@ mod test {
                     pos: 144373576751199690,
                     len: 39583260855602,
                     site: 38,
-                    style_info: 53,
                     style_key: 227,
                 },
                 Del {
@@ -1826,6 +1831,75 @@ mod test {
         )
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn richtext_fuzz_1() {
+        test_multi_sites_refactored(
+            5,
+            &mut [
+                Ins {
+                    content: 41009,
+                    pos: 10884953820616207167,
+                    site: 151,
+                },
+                Mark {
+                    pos: 150995095,
+                    len: 7502773972505002496,
+                    site: 0,
+                    style_key: 0,
+                },
+                Mark {
+                    pos: 11821702543106517760,
+                    len: 4251403153421165732,
+                    site: 151,
+                    style_key: 151,
+                },
+                Mark {
+                    pos: 589824,
+                    len: 2233786514697303298,
+                    site: 51,
+                    style_key: 151,
+                },
+            ],
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn richtext_fuzz_2() {
+        test_multi_sites_refactored(
+            5,
+            &mut [
+                Del {
+                    pos: 3617008641902972703,
+                    len: 3617008641903833650,
+                    site: 50,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 12850,
+                    pos: 7668058320836112946,
+                    site: 106,
+                },
+                Mark {
+                    pos: 7667941315552635498,
+                    len: 7668058320836127338,
+                    site: 106,
+                    style_key: 106,
+                },
+                Mark {
+                    pos: 1096122290479458922,
+                    len: 17749549354505267,
+                    site: 1,
+                    style_key: 0,
+                },
+                Mark {
+                    pos: 7668058389825092218,
+                    len: 7668058320836127338,
+                    site: 106,
+                    style_key: 50,
+                },
+            ],
+        )
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn mini_r() {
         minify_error(2, vec![], test_multi_sites_refactored, |_, ans| {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
index 7942773fe..52ef31018 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
@@ -749,7 +749,7 @@ fn encode_oplog(oplog: &OpLog, state_ref: Option<PreEncodedState>) -> FinalPhase
                         ));
                         styles.push(StyleInfo {
                             key_idx: record_key(key) as u32,
-                            info: info.to_u8(),
+                            info: info.to_byte(),
                         })
                     }
                     InnerListOp::StyleEnd => {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
index d8a878ddc..983e26275 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
@@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ impl RichtextState {
                         key_idx: record_key(&style.key) as u32,
                         counter: style.cnt as u32,
                         lamport: style.lamport,
-                        style_info: style.info.to_u8(),
+                        style_info: style.info.to_byte(),
                     })
                 }
             }

From 6023c7f98f5204e502bdcb4a71711cab95bcbd04 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zixuan Chen <remch183@outlook.com>
Date: Fri, 20 Oct 2023 13:06:51 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 101/111] feat: speedup text snapshot decode

---
 Cargo.lock                                    |   3 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs             |  22 ++-
 .../src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs  |  26 ++-
 crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs           | 106 ++++++-------
 crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs             |   6 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs   |   7 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs             |  54 ++++---
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs  |   4 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/map_state.rs   |   4 +-
 .../loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs | 149 ++++++++++++------
 crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs               |   2 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/utils/lazy.rs        |  29 ++++
 crates/loro-internal/src/utils/mod.rs         |   1 +
 crates/loro-internal/src/utils/utf16.rs       |   1 -
 14 files changed, 260 insertions(+), 154 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 crates/loro-internal/src/utils/lazy.rs

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index c1484df8c..7d6769ab0 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -2204,8 +2204,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "thunderdome"
 version = "0.6.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "92e170f93360bf9ae6fe3c31116bbf27adb1d054cedd6bc3d7857e34f2d98d0b"
+source = "git+https://github.com/zxch3n/thunderdome.git#0602d63019f7b24dcc852b8941a5d36335ccbe1d"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tinytemplate"
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs
index 456baf9d7..10fb87967 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs
@@ -268,9 +268,22 @@ impl SharedArena {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn slice_str(&self, range: Range<usize>) -> String {
+    pub fn slice_by_unicode(&self, range: impl RangeBounds<usize>) -> BytesSlice {
+        self.inner.str.lock().unwrap().slice_by_unicode(range)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn slice_by_utf8(&self, range: impl RangeBounds<usize>) -> BytesSlice {
+        self.inner.str.lock().unwrap().slice_bytes(range)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn slice_str_by_unicode_range(&self, range: Range<usize>) -> String {
         let mut s = self.inner.str.lock().unwrap();
-        _slice_str(range, &mut s)
+        let s: &mut StrArena = &mut s;
+        let mut ans = String::with_capacity(range.len());
+        ans.push_str(s.slice_str_by_unicode(range));
+        ans
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -288,11 +301,6 @@ impl SharedArena {
         (self.inner.values.lock().unwrap()[range]).to_vec()
     }
 
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn slice_by_unicode(&self, range: impl RangeBounds<usize>) -> BytesSlice {
-        self.inner.str.lock().unwrap().slice_by_unicode(range)
-    }
-
     #[inline(always)]
     pub(crate) fn with_op_converter<R>(&self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut OpConverter) -> R) -> R {
         let mut op_converter = OpConverter {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
index 279dfa9d1..799e17f92 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
@@ -2,14 +2,11 @@ use append_only_bytes::BytesSlice;
 use fxhash::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
 use generic_btree::{
     rle::{HasLength, Mergeable, Sliceable},
-    BTree, BTreeTrait, Cursor, Query,
+    BTree, BTreeTrait, Cursor, LeafDirtyMap, Query,
 };
 use loro_common::LoroValue;
 use serde::{ser::SerializeStruct, Serialize};
-use std::{
-    fmt::{Display, Formatter},
-    mem::take,
-};
+use std::fmt::{Display, Formatter};
 use std::{
     ops::{Add, AddAssign, Range, Sub},
     str::{from_utf8_unchecked, Utf8Error},
@@ -363,14 +360,17 @@ impl BTreeTrait for RichtextTreeTrait {
         diff
     }
 
+    #[inline(always)]
     fn merge_cache_diff(diff1: &mut Self::CacheDiff, diff2: &Self::CacheDiff) {
         *diff1 += *diff2;
     }
 
+    #[inline(always)]
     fn apply_cache_diff(cache: &mut Self::Cache, diff: &Self::CacheDiff) {
         *cache += *diff;
     }
 
+    #[inline]
     fn get_elem_cache(elem: &Self::Elem) -> Self::Cache {
         match elem {
             RichtextStateChunk::Text { unicode_len, text } => Cache {
@@ -388,10 +388,12 @@ impl BTreeTrait for RichtextTreeTrait {
         }
     }
 
+    #[inline(always)]
     fn new_cache_to_diff(cache: &Self::Cache) -> Self::CacheDiff {
         *cache
     }
 
+    #[inline(always)]
     fn sub_cache(cache_lhs: &Self::Cache, cache_rhs: &Self::Cache) -> Self::CacheDiff {
         Cache {
             bytes: cache_lhs.bytes - cache_rhs.bytes,
@@ -535,6 +537,13 @@ pub(crate) mod query {
 }
 
 impl RichtextState {
+    pub(crate) fn from_chunks<I: Iterator<Item = impl Into<RichtextStateChunk>>>(i: I) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            tree: i.collect(),
+            style_ranges: Default::default(),
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Insert text at a unicode index. Return the entity index.
     pub(crate) fn insert(&mut self, pos: usize, text: BytesSlice) -> usize {
         if self.tree.is_empty() {
@@ -583,7 +592,12 @@ impl RichtextState {
         entity_index: usize,
         elem: RichtextStateChunk,
     ) -> (usize, &Styles) {
-        debug_assert!(entity_index <= self.len_entity());
+        debug_assert!(
+            entity_index <= self.len_entity(),
+            "entity_index={} len={}",
+            entity_index,
+            self.len_entity()
+        );
 
         match self.tree.query::<EntityQuery>(&entity_index) {
             Some(cursor) => {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
index cc3744ff4..7a59e3d21 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
@@ -111,8 +111,8 @@ impl TextHandler {
             .unwrap()
             .lock()
             .unwrap()
-            .with_state(self.container_idx, |state| {
-                state.as_richtext_state().unwrap().get_richtext_value()
+            .with_state_mut(self.container_idx, |state| {
+                state.as_richtext_state_mut().unwrap().get_richtext_value()
             })
     }
 
@@ -137,8 +137,8 @@ impl TextHandler {
             .unwrap()
             .lock()
             .unwrap()
-            .with_state(self.container_idx, |state| {
-                state.as_richtext_state().unwrap().len_utf8()
+            .with_state_mut(self.container_idx, |state| {
+                state.as_richtext_state_mut().unwrap().len_utf8()
             })
     }
 
@@ -148,8 +148,8 @@ impl TextHandler {
             .unwrap()
             .lock()
             .unwrap()
-            .with_state(self.container_idx, |state| {
-                state.as_richtext_state().unwrap().len_utf16()
+            .with_state_mut(self.container_idx, |state| {
+                state.as_richtext_state_mut().unwrap().len_utf16()
             })
     }
 
@@ -159,8 +159,8 @@ impl TextHandler {
             .unwrap()
             .lock()
             .unwrap()
-            .with_state(self.container_idx, |state| {
-                state.as_richtext_state().unwrap().len_unicode()
+            .with_state_mut(self.container_idx, |state| {
+                state.as_richtext_state_mut().unwrap().len_unicode()
             })
     }
 
@@ -172,11 +172,11 @@ impl TextHandler {
             .unwrap()
             .lock()
             .unwrap()
-            .with_state(self.container_idx, |state| {
+            .with_state_mut(self.container_idx, |state| {
                 if cfg!(feature = "wasm") {
-                    state.as_richtext_state().unwrap().len_utf16()
+                    state.as_richtext_state_mut().unwrap().len_utf16()
                 } else {
-                    state.as_richtext_state().unwrap().len_unicode()
+                    state.as_richtext_state_mut().unwrap().len_unicode()
                 }
             })
     }
@@ -190,18 +190,18 @@ impl TextHandler {
             return Ok(());
         }
 
-        let entity_index =
-            self.state
-                .upgrade()
-                .unwrap()
-                .lock()
-                .unwrap()
-                .with_state(self.container_idx, |state| {
-                    state
-                        .as_richtext_state()
-                        .unwrap()
-                        .get_entity_index_for_text_insert_event_index(pos)
-                });
+        let entity_index = self
+            .state
+            .upgrade()
+            .unwrap()
+            .lock()
+            .unwrap()
+            .with_state_mut(self.container_idx, |state| {
+                state
+                    .as_richtext_state_mut()
+                    .unwrap()
+                    .get_entity_index_for_text_insert_event_index(pos)
+            });
 
         txn.apply_local_op(
             self.container_idx,
@@ -238,18 +238,18 @@ impl TextHandler {
         }
 
         debug_log::group!("delete pos={} len={}", pos, len);
-        let ranges =
-            self.state
-                .upgrade()
-                .unwrap()
-                .lock()
-                .unwrap()
-                .with_state(self.container_idx, |state| {
-                    state
-                        .as_richtext_state()
-                        .unwrap()
-                        .get_text_entity_ranges_in_event_index_range(pos, len)
-                });
+        let ranges = self
+            .state
+            .upgrade()
+            .unwrap()
+            .lock()
+            .unwrap()
+            .with_state_mut(self.container_idx, |state| {
+                state
+                    .as_richtext_state_mut()
+                    .unwrap()
+                    .get_text_entity_ranges_in_event_index_range(pos, len)
+            });
 
         debug_assert_eq!(ranges.iter().map(|x| x.len()).sum::<usize>(), len);
         let mut is_first = true;
@@ -292,24 +292,24 @@ impl TextHandler {
             ));
         }
 
-        let (entity_start, entity_end) =
-            self.state
-                .upgrade()
-                .unwrap()
-                .lock()
-                .unwrap()
-                .with_state(self.container_idx, |state| {
-                    (
-                        state
-                            .as_richtext_state()
-                            .unwrap()
-                            .get_entity_index_for_text_insert_event_index(start),
-                        state
-                            .as_richtext_state()
-                            .unwrap()
-                            .get_entity_index_for_text_insert_event_index(end),
-                    )
-                });
+        let (entity_start, entity_end) = self
+            .state
+            .upgrade()
+            .unwrap()
+            .lock()
+            .unwrap()
+            .with_state_mut(self.container_idx, |state| {
+                (
+                    state
+                        .as_richtext_state_mut()
+                        .unwrap()
+                        .get_entity_index_for_text_insert_event_index(start),
+                    state
+                        .as_richtext_state_mut()
+                        .unwrap()
+                        .get_entity_index_for_text_insert_event_index(end),
+                )
+            });
 
         txn.apply_local_op(
             self.container_idx,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
index ed668e0fd..c5f563043 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
@@ -367,9 +367,9 @@ impl OpLog {
             crate::op::InnerContent::List(list) => match list {
                 list_op::InnerListOp::Insert { slice, pos } => match container.container_type() {
                     loro_common::ContainerType::Text => {
-                        let str = self
-                            .arena
-                            .slice_str(slice.0.start as usize..slice.0.end as usize);
+                        let str = self.arena.slice_str_by_unicode_range(
+                            slice.0.start as usize..slice.0.end as usize,
+                        );
                         contents.push(RawOpContent::List(list_op::ListOp::Insert {
                             slice: ListSlice::RawStr {
                                 unicode_len: str.chars().count(),
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
index 52ef31018..c6b930893 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
@@ -36,14 +36,12 @@ pub fn encode_app_snapshot(app: &LoroDoc) -> Vec<u8> {
     let pre_encoded_state = preprocess_app_state(&app.app_state().lock().unwrap());
     let f = encode_oplog(&app.oplog().lock().unwrap(), Some(pre_encoded_state));
     // f.diagnose_size();
-    miniz_oxide::deflate::compress_to_vec(&f.encode(), 6)
+    f.encode()
 }
 
 pub fn decode_app_snapshot(app: &LoroDoc, bytes: &[u8], with_state: bool) -> Result<(), LoroError> {
     assert!(app.is_empty());
-    let bytes = miniz_oxide::inflate::decompress_to_vec(bytes)
-        .map_err(|_| LoroError::DecodeError("".into()))?;
-    let data = FinalPhase::decode(&bytes)?;
+    let data = FinalPhase::decode(bytes)?;
     if with_state {
         let mut app_state = app.app_state().lock().unwrap();
         let (state_arena, common) = decode_state(&mut app_state, &data)?;
@@ -84,7 +82,6 @@ pub fn decode_oplog(
     let mut dep_iter = oplog_data.deps;
     let mut op_iter = oplog_data.ops;
     let mut counters = FxHashMap::default();
-    let mut text_idx = 0;
     for change in oplog_data.changes {
         let peer_idx = change.peer_idx as usize;
         let peer_id = common.peer_ids[peer_idx];
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
index 61ff7134c..a1e85af7a 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ pub trait ContainerState: Clone {
 
     fn apply_op(&mut self, raw_op: &RawOp, op: &Op, arena: &SharedArena);
     /// Convert a state to a diff, such that an empty state will be transformed into the same as this state when it's applied.
-    fn to_diff(&self) -> Diff;
+    fn to_diff(&mut self) -> Diff;
 
     /// Start a transaction
     ///
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ pub trait ContainerState: Clone {
     /// If `record_diff` in [Self::start_txn] is false, return None.
     fn commit_txn(&mut self);
 
-    fn get_value(&self) -> LoroValue;
+    fn get_value(&mut self) -> LoroValue;
 
     /// Get the index of the child container
     #[allow(unused)]
@@ -320,9 +320,9 @@ impl DocState {
         self.states.get(&idx)
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn get_value_by_idx(&self, container_idx: ContainerIdx) -> LoroValue {
+    pub(crate) fn get_value_by_idx(&mut self, container_idx: ContainerIdx) -> LoroValue {
         self.states
-            .get(&container_idx)
+            .get_mut(&container_idx)
             .map(|x| x.get_value())
             .unwrap_or_else(|| match container_idx.get_type() {
                 ContainerType::Map => LoroValue::Map(Arc::new(Default::default())),
@@ -353,17 +353,18 @@ impl DocState {
         }
 
         if self.is_recording() {
+            let diff = self
+                .states
+                .iter_mut()
+                .map(|(&idx, state)| InternalContainerDiff {
+                    idx,
+                    diff: state.to_diff().into(),
+                })
+                .collect();
             self.record_diff(InternalDocDiff {
                 origin: Default::default(),
                 local: false,
-                diff: self
-                    .states
-                    .iter()
-                    .map(|(&idx, state)| InternalContainerDiff {
-                        idx,
-                        diff: state.to_diff().into(),
-                    })
-                    .collect(),
+                diff,
                 new_version: Cow::Borrowed(&frontiers),
             });
         }
@@ -376,7 +377,7 @@ impl DocState {
     pub fn get_text<I: Into<ContainerIdRaw>>(
         &mut self,
         id: I,
-    ) -> Option<&richtext_state::RichtextState> {
+    ) -> Option<&mut richtext_state::RichtextState> {
         let id: ContainerIdRaw = id.into();
         let idx = match id {
             ContainerIdRaw::Root { name } => Some(self.arena.register_container(
@@ -394,7 +395,7 @@ impl DocState {
         self.states
             .entry(idx)
             .or_insert_with(|| State::new_richtext(idx))
-            .as_richtext_state()
+            .as_richtext_state_mut()
     }
 
     #[inline(always)]
@@ -410,6 +411,19 @@ impl DocState {
         }
     }
 
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub(crate) fn with_state_mut<F, R>(&mut self, idx: ContainerIdx, f: F) -> R
+    where
+        F: FnOnce(&mut State) -> R,
+    {
+        let state = self.states.get_mut(&idx);
+        if let Some(state) = state {
+            f(state)
+        } else {
+            f(&mut create_state(idx))
+        }
+    }
+
     pub(super) fn is_in_txn(&self) -> bool {
         self.in_txn
     }
@@ -418,7 +432,7 @@ impl DocState {
         !self.in_txn && self.states.is_empty() && self.arena.is_empty()
     }
 
-    pub fn get_deep_value(&self) -> LoroValue {
+    pub fn get_deep_value(&mut self) -> LoroValue {
         let roots = self.arena.root_containers();
         let mut ans = FxHashMap::with_capacity_and_hasher(roots.len(), Default::default());
         for root_idx in roots {
@@ -436,7 +450,7 @@ impl DocState {
         LoroValue::Map(Arc::new(ans))
     }
 
-    pub fn get_deep_value_with_id(&self) -> LoroValue {
+    pub fn get_deep_value_with_id(&mut self) -> LoroValue {
         let roots = self.arena.root_containers();
         let mut ans = FxHashMap::with_capacity_and_hasher(roots.len(), Default::default());
         for root_idx in roots {
@@ -458,12 +472,12 @@ impl DocState {
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn get_container_deep_value_with_id(
-        &self,
+        &mut self,
         container: ContainerIdx,
         id: Option<ContainerID>,
     ) -> LoroValue {
         let id = id.unwrap_or_else(|| self.arena.idx_to_id(container).unwrap());
-        let Some(state) = self.states.get(&container) else {
+        let Some(state) = self.states.get_mut(&container) else {
             return container.get_type().default_value();
         };
         let value = state.get_value();
@@ -523,8 +537,8 @@ impl DocState {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn get_container_deep_value(&self, container: ContainerIdx) -> LoroValue {
-        let Some(state) = self.states.get(&container) else {
+    pub fn get_container_deep_value(&mut self, container: ContainerIdx) -> LoroValue {
+        let Some(state) = self.states.get_mut(&container) else {
             return container.get_type().default_value();
         };
         let value = state.get_value();
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs
index 1df5ae227..614b39702 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs
@@ -432,14 +432,14 @@ impl ContainerState for ListState {
         self.in_txn = false;
     }
 
-    fn get_value(&self) -> LoroValue {
+    fn get_value(&mut self) -> LoroValue {
         let ans = self.to_vec();
         LoroValue::List(Arc::new(ans))
     }
 
     #[doc = " Convert a state to a diff that when apply this diff on a empty state,"]
     #[doc = " the state will be the same as this state."]
-    fn to_diff(&self) -> Diff {
+    fn to_diff(&mut self) -> Diff {
         Diff::List(Delta::new().insert(self.to_vec()))
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/map_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/map_state.rs
index 797006c95..96a5aede5 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/map_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/map_state.rs
@@ -95,14 +95,14 @@ impl ContainerState for MapState {
         self.in_txn = false;
     }
 
-    fn get_value(&self) -> LoroValue {
+    fn get_value(&mut self) -> LoroValue {
         let ans = self.to_map();
         LoroValue::Map(Arc::new(ans))
     }
 
     #[doc = " Convert a state to a diff that when apply this diff on a empty state,"]
     #[doc = " the state will be the same as this state."]
-    fn to_diff(&self) -> Diff {
+    fn to_diff(&mut self) -> Diff {
         Diff::NewMap(crate::delta::MapDelta {
             updated: self.map.clone(),
         })
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
index 983e26275..1ffe32493 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 use std::{ops::Range, sync::Arc};
 
-use debug_log::debug_dbg;
 use fxhash::FxHashMap;
 use generic_btree::rle::HasLength;
 use loro_common::{Counter, LoroValue, PeerID, ID};
@@ -19,7 +18,7 @@ use crate::{
     delta::{Delta, DeltaItem, StyleMeta},
     event::{Diff, InternalDiff},
     op::{Op, RawOp},
-    utils::{bitmap::BitMap, string_slice::StringSlice, utf16::count_utf16_chars},
+    utils::{bitmap::BitMap, lazy::LazyLoad, string_slice::StringSlice, utf16::count_utf16_chars},
     InternalString,
 };
 
@@ -28,7 +27,7 @@ use super::ContainerState;
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct RichtextState {
     idx: ContainerIdx,
-    state: InnerState,
+    state: LazyLoad<RichtextStateLoader, InnerState>,
     in_txn: bool,
     undo_stack: Vec<UndoItem>,
 }
@@ -38,20 +37,23 @@ impl RichtextState {
     pub fn new(idx: ContainerIdx) -> Self {
         Self {
             idx,
-            state: Default::default(),
+            state: LazyLoad::new_dst(Default::default()),
             in_txn: false,
             undo_stack: Default::default(),
         }
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn to_string(&self) -> String {
-        self.state.to_string()
+    pub fn to_string(&mut self) -> String {
+        self.state.get_mut().to_string()
     }
 
     #[inline(always)]
     pub(crate) fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
-        self.state.is_emtpy()
+        match &self.state {
+            LazyLoad::Src(s) => s.elements.is_empty(),
+            LazyLoad::Dst(d) => d.is_emtpy(),
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -100,7 +102,7 @@ impl ContainerState for RichtextState {
                 crate::delta::DeltaItem::Insert { value, .. } => {
                     match value {
                         RichtextStateChunk::Text { unicode_len, text } => {
-                            let (pos, styles) = self.state.insert_elem_at_entity_index(
+                            let (pos, styles) = self.state.get_mut().insert_elem_at_entity_index(
                                 entity_index,
                                 RichtextStateChunk::Text {
                                     unicode_len: *unicode_len,
@@ -118,6 +120,7 @@ impl ContainerState for RichtextState {
                                 let mut new_len = 0;
                                 for (len, styles) in self
                                     .state
+                                    .get_mut()
                                     .iter_styles_in_event_index_range(event_index..pos)
                                 {
                                     new_len += len;
@@ -150,7 +153,7 @@ impl ContainerState for RichtextState {
                                     last_style_index = event_index;
                                 }
                             }
-                            self.state.insert_elem_at_entity_index(
+                            self.state.get_mut().insert_elem_at_entity_index(
                                 entity_index,
                                 RichtextStateChunk::Style {
                                     style: style.clone(),
@@ -164,7 +167,7 @@ impl ContainerState for RichtextState {
                                 let start_pos =
                                     style_starts.get(style).expect("Style start not found");
                                 // we need to + 1 because we also need to annotate the end anchor
-                                self.state.annotate_style_range(
+                                self.state.get_mut().annotate_style_range(
                                     *start_pos..entity_index + 1,
                                     style.clone(),
                                 );
@@ -178,8 +181,10 @@ impl ContainerState for RichtextState {
                     entity_index += value.rle_len();
                 }
                 crate::delta::DeltaItem::Delete { len, meta: _ } => {
-                    let (content, start, end) =
-                        self.state.drain_by_entity_index(entity_index, *len);
+                    let (content, start, end) = self
+                        .state
+                        .get_mut()
+                        .drain_by_entity_index(entity_index, *len);
                     for span in content {
                         self.undo_stack.push(UndoItem::Delete {
                             index: entity_index as u32,
@@ -189,6 +194,7 @@ impl ContainerState for RichtextState {
                     if start > event_index {
                         for (len, styles) in self
                             .state
+                            .get_mut()
                             .iter_styles_in_event_index_range(event_index..start)
                         {
                             ans = ans.retain_with_meta(
@@ -213,6 +219,7 @@ impl ContainerState for RichtextState {
         if last_style_index > event_index {
             for (len, styles) in self
                 .state
+                .get_mut()
                 .iter_styles_in_event_index_range(event_index..last_style_index)
             {
                 ans = ans.retain_with_meta(
@@ -237,6 +244,7 @@ impl ContainerState for RichtextState {
             unreachable!()
         };
 
+        debug_log::debug_dbg!(&richtext);
         let mut style_starts: FxHashMap<Arc<StyleOp>, usize> = FxHashMap::default();
         let mut entity_index = 0;
         for span in richtext.vec.iter() {
@@ -247,7 +255,7 @@ impl ContainerState for RichtextState {
                 crate::delta::DeltaItem::Insert { value, meta: _ } => {
                     match value {
                         RichtextStateChunk::Text { unicode_len, text } => {
-                            self.state.insert_elem_at_entity_index(
+                            self.state.get_mut().insert_elem_at_entity_index(
                                 entity_index,
                                 RichtextStateChunk::Text {
                                     unicode_len: *unicode_len,
@@ -256,7 +264,7 @@ impl ContainerState for RichtextState {
                             );
                         }
                         RichtextStateChunk::Style { style, anchor_type } => {
-                            self.state.insert_elem_at_entity_index(
+                            self.state.get_mut().insert_elem_at_entity_index(
                                 entity_index,
                                 RichtextStateChunk::Style {
                                     style: style.clone(),
@@ -270,7 +278,7 @@ impl ContainerState for RichtextState {
                                 let start_pos =
                                     style_starts.get(style).expect("Style start not found");
                                 // we need to + 1 because we also need to annotate the end anchor
-                                self.state.annotate_style_range(
+                                self.state.get_mut().annotate_style_range(
                                     *start_pos..entity_index + 1,
                                     style.clone(),
                                 );
@@ -284,8 +292,10 @@ impl ContainerState for RichtextState {
                     entity_index += value.rle_len();
                 }
                 crate::delta::DeltaItem::Delete { len, meta: _ } => {
-                    let (content, _start, _end) =
-                        self.state.drain_by_entity_index(entity_index, *len);
+                    let (content, _start, _end) = self
+                        .state
+                        .get_mut()
+                        .drain_by_entity_index(entity_index, *len);
                     for span in content {
                         self.undo_stack.push(UndoItem::Delete {
                             index: entity_index as u32,
@@ -301,7 +311,7 @@ impl ContainerState for RichtextState {
         match &op.content {
             crate::op::InnerContent::List(l) => match l {
                 list_op::InnerListOp::Insert { slice, pos } => {
-                    self.state.insert_at_entity_index(
+                    self.state.get_mut().insert_at_entity_index(
                         *pos,
                         arena.slice_by_unicode(slice.0.start as usize..slice.0.end as usize),
                     );
@@ -316,6 +326,7 @@ impl ContainerState for RichtextState {
                 list_op::InnerListOp::Delete(del) => {
                     for span in self
                         .state
+                        .get_mut()
                         .drain_by_entity_index(del.start() as usize, rle::HasLength::atom_len(&del))
                         .0
                     {
@@ -333,7 +344,7 @@ impl ContainerState for RichtextState {
                     key,
                     info,
                 } => {
-                    self.state.mark_with_entity_index(
+                    self.state.get_mut().mark_with_entity_index(
                         *start as usize..*end as usize,
                         Arc::new(StyleOp {
                             lamport: r_op.lamport,
@@ -350,9 +361,9 @@ impl ContainerState for RichtextState {
         }
     }
 
-    fn to_diff(&self) -> Diff {
+    fn to_diff(&mut self) -> Diff {
         let mut delta = crate::delta::Delta::new();
-        for span in self.state.iter() {
+        for span in self.state.get_mut().iter() {
             delta.vec.push(DeltaItem::Insert {
                 value: span.text,
                 meta: StyleMeta { vec: span.styles },
@@ -377,8 +388,8 @@ impl ContainerState for RichtextState {
     }
 
     // value is a list
-    fn get_value(&self) -> LoroValue {
-        LoroValue::String(Arc::new(self.state.to_string()))
+    fn get_value(&mut self) -> LoroValue {
+        LoroValue::String(Arc::new(self.state.get_mut().to_string()))
     }
 }
 
@@ -389,6 +400,7 @@ impl RichtextState {
                 UndoItem::Insert { index, len } => {
                     let _ = self
                         .state
+                        .get_mut()
                         .drain_by_entity_index(index as usize, len as usize);
                 }
                 UndoItem::Delete { index, content } => {
@@ -400,6 +412,7 @@ impl RichtextState {
                     }
 
                     self.state
+                        .get_mut()
                         .insert_elem_at_entity_index(index as usize, content);
                 }
             }
@@ -407,73 +420,85 @@ impl RichtextState {
     }
 
     #[inline(always)]
-    pub fn len_utf8(&self) -> usize {
-        self.state.len_utf8()
+    pub fn len_utf8(&mut self) -> usize {
+        self.state.get_mut().len_utf8()
     }
 
     #[inline(always)]
-    pub fn len_utf16(&self) -> usize {
-        self.state.len_utf16()
+    pub fn len_utf16(&mut self) -> usize {
+        self.state.get_mut().len_utf16()
     }
 
     #[inline(always)]
     pub fn len_entity(&self) -> usize {
-        self.state.len_entity()
+        match &self.state {
+            LazyLoad::Src(s) => s.entity_index,
+            LazyLoad::Dst(d) => d.len_entity(),
+        }
     }
 
     #[inline(always)]
-    pub fn len_unicode(&self) -> usize {
-        self.state.len_unicode()
+    pub fn len_unicode(&mut self) -> usize {
+        self.state.get_mut().len_unicode()
     }
 
     #[inline(always)]
-    pub(crate) fn get_entity_index_for_text_insert_event_index(&self, pos: usize) -> usize {
+    pub(crate) fn get_entity_index_for_text_insert_event_index(&mut self, pos: usize) -> usize {
         self.state
+            .get_mut()
             .get_entity_index_for_text_insert::<EventIndexQuery>(pos)
     }
 
     #[inline(always)]
-    pub(crate) fn get_entity_index_for_utf16_insert_pos(&self, pos: usize) -> usize {
+    pub(crate) fn get_entity_index_for_utf16_insert_pos(&mut self, pos: usize) -> usize {
         self.state
+            .get_mut()
             .get_entity_index_for_text_insert::<Utf16Query>(pos)
     }
 
     #[inline(always)]
     pub(crate) fn get_text_entity_ranges_in_event_index_range(
-        &self,
+        &mut self,
         pos: usize,
         len: usize,
     ) -> Vec<Range<usize>> {
         self.state
+            .get_mut()
             .get_text_entity_ranges::<EventIndexQuery>(pos, len)
     }
 
     #[inline(always)]
     pub(crate) fn get_text_entity_ranges_in_utf16_range(
-        &self,
+        &mut self,
         pos: usize,
         len: usize,
     ) -> Vec<Range<usize>> {
-        self.state.get_text_entity_ranges::<Utf16Query>(pos, len)
+        self.state
+            .get_mut()
+            .get_text_entity_ranges::<Utf16Query>(pos, len)
     }
 
     #[inline(always)]
-    pub fn get_richtext_value(&self) -> LoroValue {
-        self.state.get_richtext_value()
+    pub fn get_richtext_value(&mut self) -> LoroValue {
+        self.state.get_mut().get_richtext_value()
     }
 
     #[inline(always)]
-    fn get_loader(&mut self) -> RichtextStateLoader {
+    fn get_loader() -> RichtextStateLoader {
         RichtextStateLoader {
-            state: self,
+            elements: Default::default(),
             start_anchor_pos: Default::default(),
             entity_index: 0,
+            style_ranges: Default::default(),
         }
     }
 
     #[inline(always)]
-    pub(crate) fn iter_chunk(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &RichtextStateChunk> {
-        self.state.iter_chunk()
+    pub(crate) fn iter_chunk(&self) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = &RichtextStateChunk> + '_> {
+        match &self.state {
+            LazyLoad::Src(s) => Box::new(s.elements.iter()),
+            LazyLoad::Dst(s) => Box::new(s.iter_chunk()),
+        }
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn decode_snapshot(
@@ -488,10 +513,11 @@ impl RichtextState {
         common: &CommonArena,
         arena: &SharedArena,
     ) {
+        assert!(self.is_empty());
         let bit_len = is_style_start.len() * 8;
         let is_style_start = BitMap::from_vec(is_style_start, bit_len);
         let mut is_style_start_iter = is_style_start.iter();
-        let mut loader = self.get_loader();
+        let mut loader = Self::get_loader();
         let mut is_text = true;
         let mut text_range_iter = text.iter();
         let mut style_iter = styles.iter();
@@ -499,7 +525,7 @@ impl RichtextState {
             if is_text {
                 for _ in 0..len {
                     let &range = text_range_iter.next().unwrap();
-                    let text = arena.slice_by_unicode(range.0 as usize..range.1 as usize);
+                    let text = arena.slice_by_utf8(range.0 as usize..range.1 as usize);
                     loader.push(RichtextStateChunk::new_text(text));
                 }
             } else {
@@ -525,6 +551,8 @@ impl RichtextState {
 
             is_text = !is_text;
         }
+
+        self.state = LazyLoad::new(loader);
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn encode_snapshot(
@@ -539,7 +567,6 @@ impl RichtextState {
         let mut is_style_start = BitMap::new();
 
         for chunk in self.iter_chunk() {
-            debug_log::debug_dbg!(&chunk);
             match chunk {
                 RichtextStateChunk::Text {
                     text,
@@ -585,14 +612,21 @@ impl RichtextState {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub(crate) struct RichtextStateLoader<'a> {
-    state: &'a mut RichtextState,
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
+pub(crate) struct RichtextStateLoader {
     start_anchor_pos: FxHashMap<ID, usize>,
+    elements: Vec<RichtextStateChunk>,
+    style_ranges: Vec<(Arc<StyleOp>, Range<usize>)>,
     entity_index: usize,
 }
 
-impl<'a> RichtextStateLoader<'a> {
+impl From<RichtextStateLoader> for InnerState {
+    fn from(value: RichtextStateLoader) -> Self {
+        value.into_state()
+    }
+}
+
+impl RichtextStateLoader {
     pub fn push(&mut self, elem: RichtextStateChunk) {
         debug_log::debug_dbg!(&elem);
         if let RichtextStateChunk::Style { style, anchor_type } = &elem {
@@ -607,13 +641,24 @@ impl<'a> RichtextStateLoader<'a> {
                     .expect("Style start not found");
 
                 // we need to + 1 because we also need to annotate the end anchor
-                self.state
-                    .state
-                    .annotate_style_range(start_pos..self.entity_index, style.clone());
+                self.style_ranges
+                    .push((style.clone(), start_pos..self.entity_index + 1));
             }
         }
 
         self.entity_index += elem.rle_len();
-        self.state.state.push(elem);
+        self.elements.push(elem);
+    }
+
+    pub fn into_state(self) -> InnerState {
+        debug_log::debug_dbg!(&self);
+        let mut state = InnerState::from_chunks(self.elements.into_iter());
+        for (style, range) in self.style_ranges {
+            state.annotate_style_range(range, style);
+        }
+
+        debug_log::debug_dbg!(&state);
+        state.check();
+        state
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
index 261ae2d6b..b6bcd79d2 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ impl Transaction {
         self.timestamp = Some(time);
     }
 
-    pub fn set_on_commit(&mut self, f: OnCommitFn) {
+    pub(crate) fn set_on_commit(&mut self, f: OnCommitFn) {
         self.on_commit = Some(f);
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/utils/lazy.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/utils/lazy.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..698e4c499
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/utils/lazy.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub enum LazyLoad<Src, Dst: From<Src>> {
+    Src(Src),
+    Dst(Dst),
+}
+
+impl<Src: Default, Dst: From<Src>> LazyLoad<Src, Dst> {
+    pub fn new(src: Src) -> Self {
+        LazyLoad::Src(src)
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_dst(dst: Dst) -> Self {
+        LazyLoad::Dst(dst)
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Dst {
+        match self {
+            LazyLoad::Src(src) => {
+                let dst = Dst::from(std::mem::take(src));
+                *self = LazyLoad::Dst(dst);
+                match self {
+                    LazyLoad::Dst(dst) => dst,
+                    _ => unreachable!(),
+                }
+            }
+            LazyLoad::Dst(dst) => dst,
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/utils/mod.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/utils/mod.rs
index 5ac5d713b..212669624 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/utils/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/utils/mod.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 pub(crate) mod bitmap;
+pub(crate) mod lazy;
 pub mod string_slice;
 pub(crate) mod utf16;
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/utils/utf16.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/utils/utf16.rs
index 1c4866bce..6d7f18bed 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/utils/utf16.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/utils/utf16.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-#[allow(unused)]
 pub fn count_utf16_chars(utf8_str: &[u8]) -> usize {
     let mut utf16_count = 0;
 

From 638dba9d8c3f87b2a051e0588557c894208aebbf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zixuan Chen <remch183@outlook.com>
Date: Fri, 20 Oct 2023 23:41:31 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 102/111] perf: optimize snapshot encoding

---
 Cargo.lock                                    | 74 ++-----------------
 .../src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs  |  2 +-
 .../src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs |  2 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs   |  7 +-
 .../loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs | 21 ++++--
 crates/loro-preload/Cargo.toml                |  2 +-
 crates/loro-preload/src/encode.rs             | 59 ++++++++++++---
 7 files changed, 74 insertions(+), 93 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 7d6769ab0..9e7c85c12 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -520,38 +520,14 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn 1.0.107",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "darling"
-version = "0.14.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b0dd3cd20dc6b5a876612a6e5accfe7f3dd883db6d07acfbf14c128f61550dfa"
-dependencies = [
- "darling_core 0.14.2",
- "darling_macro 0.14.2",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "darling"
 version = "0.20.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "0209d94da627ab5605dcccf08bb18afa5009cfbef48d8a8b7d7bdbc79be25c5e"
 dependencies = [
- "darling_core 0.20.3",
- "darling_macro 0.20.3",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "darling_core"
-version = "0.14.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a784d2ccaf7c98501746bf0be29b2022ba41fd62a2e622af997a03e9f972859f"
-dependencies = [
- "fnv",
- "ident_case",
- "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
- "quote 1.0.29",
- "strsim",
- "syn 1.0.107",
+ "darling_core",
+ "darling_macro",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -568,24 +544,13 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn 2.0.25",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "darling_macro"
-version = "0.14.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7618812407e9402654622dd402b0a89dff9ba93badd6540781526117b92aab7e"
-dependencies = [
- "darling_core 0.14.2",
- "quote 1.0.29",
- "syn 1.0.107",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "darling_macro"
 version = "0.20.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "836a9bbc7ad63342d6d6e7b815ccab164bc77a2d95d84bc3117a8c0d5c98e2d5"
 dependencies = [
- "darling_core 0.20.3",
+ "darling_core",
  "quote 1.0.29",
  "syn 2.0.25",
 ]
@@ -1077,7 +1042,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "rle",
  "serde",
  "serde-wasm-bindgen",
- "serde_columnar 0.3.2",
+ "serde_columnar",
  "serde_json",
  "smallvec",
  "static_assertions",
@@ -1106,7 +1071,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "loro-common",
  "serde",
- "serde_columnar 0.2.5",
+ "serde_columnar",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1879,19 +1844,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "wasm-bindgen",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "serde_columnar"
-version = "0.2.5"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5f5e09c91d7107faf75e9754748e3cb11fa3414a3761225a3d47c98aad153d40"
-dependencies = [
- "itertools 0.10.5",
- "postcard",
- "serde",
- "serde_columnar_derive 0.2.2",
- "thiserror",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_columnar"
 version = "0.3.2"
@@ -1902,29 +1854,17 @@ dependencies = [
  "itertools 0.11.0",
  "postcard",
  "serde",
- "serde_columnar_derive 0.3.2",
+ "serde_columnar_derive",
  "thiserror",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "serde_columnar_derive"
-version = "0.2.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c78a4cb8421e4666b4e71a5a896be4f8db66ba90af88257e1072609dc4f3abbb"
-dependencies = [
- "darling 0.14.2",
- "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
- "quote 1.0.29",
- "syn 1.0.107",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_columnar_derive"
 version = "0.3.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "46d50a130ce1b4cf3b1585342ee0bf71e7589845ec23283e85fc875606018520"
 dependencies = [
- "darling 0.20.3",
+ "darling",
  "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
  "quote 1.0.29",
  "syn 2.0.25",
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
index 799e17f92..d84c0c2bd 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use append_only_bytes::BytesSlice;
 use fxhash::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
 use generic_btree::{
     rle::{HasLength, Mergeable, Sliceable},
-    BTree, BTreeTrait, Cursor, LeafDirtyMap, Query,
+    BTree, BTreeTrait, Cursor, Query,
 };
 use loro_common::LoroValue;
 use serde::{ser::SerializeStruct, Serialize};
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs
index 1e7e59756..54f4b0941 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ impl BTreeTrait for RangeNumMapTrait {
         caches: &[generic_btree::Child<Self>],
     ) -> isize {
         let new_cache = caches.iter().map(|c| c.cache).sum();
-        let diff = new_cache as isize - *cache as isize;
+        let diff = new_cache - *cache;
         *cache = new_cache;
         diff
     }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
index c6b930893..fa56322dc 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
@@ -33,7 +33,8 @@ use super::{
 };
 
 pub fn encode_app_snapshot(app: &LoroDoc) -> Vec<u8> {
-    let pre_encoded_state = preprocess_app_state(&app.app_state().lock().unwrap());
+    let state = app.app_state().lock().unwrap();
+    let pre_encoded_state = preprocess_app_state(&state);
     let f = encode_oplog(&app.oplog().lock().unwrap(), Some(pre_encoded_state));
     // f.diagnose_size();
     f.encode()
@@ -503,13 +504,13 @@ struct DepsEncoding {
 }
 
 #[derive(Default)]
-struct PreEncodedState {
+struct PreEncodedState<'a> {
     common: CommonArena<'static>,
     arena: TempArena<'static>,
     key_lookup: FxHashMap<InternalString, usize>,
     value_lookup: FxHashMap<LoroValue, usize>,
     peer_lookup: FxHashMap<PeerID, usize>,
-    app_state: EncodedAppState,
+    app_state: EncodedAppState<'a>,
 }
 
 fn preprocess_app_state(app_state: &DocState) -> PreEncodedState {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
index 1ffe32493..3caaf8d71 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use std::{ops::Range, sync::Arc};
 use fxhash::FxHashMap;
 use generic_btree::rle::HasLength;
 use loro_common::{Counter, LoroValue, PeerID, ID};
-use loro_preload::{CommonArena, EncodedRichtextState, TempArena};
+use loro_preload::{CommonArena, EncodedRichtextState, TempArena, TextRanges};
 
 use crate::{
     arena::SharedArena,
@@ -505,7 +505,7 @@ impl RichtextState {
         &mut self,
         EncodedRichtextState {
             len,
-            text,
+            text_bytes,
             styles,
             is_style_start,
         }: EncodedRichtextState,
@@ -519,13 +519,13 @@ impl RichtextState {
         let mut is_style_start_iter = is_style_start.iter();
         let mut loader = Self::get_loader();
         let mut is_text = true;
-        let mut text_range_iter = text.iter();
+        let mut text_range_iter = TextRanges::decode_iter(&text_bytes).unwrap();
         let mut style_iter = styles.iter();
         for &len in len.iter() {
             if is_text {
                 for _ in 0..len {
-                    let &range = text_range_iter.next().unwrap();
-                    let text = arena.slice_by_utf8(range.0 as usize..range.1 as usize);
+                    let range = text_range_iter.next().unwrap();
+                    let text = arena.slice_by_utf8(range.start..range.start + range.len);
                     loader.push(RichtextStateChunk::new_text(text));
                 }
             } else {
@@ -562,7 +562,7 @@ impl RichtextState {
     ) -> EncodedRichtextState {
         // lengths are interleaved [text_elem_len, style_elem_len, ..]
         let mut lengths = Vec::new();
-        let mut text_ranges = Vec::new();
+        let mut text_ranges: TextRanges = Default::default();
         let mut styles = Vec::new();
         let mut is_style_start = BitMap::new();
 
@@ -577,7 +577,10 @@ impl RichtextState {
                     }
 
                     *lengths.last_mut().unwrap() += 1;
-                    text_ranges.push((text.start() as u32, text.end() as u32));
+                    text_ranges.ranges.push(loro_preload::TextRange {
+                        start: text.start(),
+                        len: text.len(),
+                    });
                 }
                 RichtextStateChunk::Style { style, anchor_type } => {
                     if lengths.is_empty() {
@@ -603,9 +606,11 @@ impl RichtextState {
             }
         }
 
+        let text_bytes = text_ranges.encode();
+        // eprintln!("bytes len={}", text_bytes.len());
         EncodedRichtextState {
             len: lengths,
-            text: text_ranges,
+            text_bytes: std::borrow::Cow::Owned(text_bytes),
             styles,
             is_style_start: is_style_start.into_vec(),
         }
diff --git a/crates/loro-preload/Cargo.toml b/crates/loro-preload/Cargo.toml
index 851070f03..7412d9b3c 100644
--- a/crates/loro-preload/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/loro-preload/Cargo.toml
@@ -7,6 +7,6 @@ edition = "2021"
 
 [dependencies]
 serde = {version="1", features=["derive"]}
-serde_columnar = "0.2.5"
+serde_columnar = { version = "0.3.2" }
 loro-common = {path="../loro-common"}
 bytes = "1.4.0"
diff --git a/crates/loro-preload/src/encode.rs b/crates/loro-preload/src/encode.rs
index 0ab8f6803..33ad617bf 100644
--- a/crates/loro-preload/src/encode.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-preload/src/encode.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use bytes::{BufMut, BytesMut};
-use loro_common::{ContainerID, InternalString, LoroError, LoroValue, ID};
-use serde_columnar::to_vec;
+use loro_common::{ContainerID, InternalString, LoroError, LoroResult, LoroValue, ID};
+use serde_columnar::{columnar, to_vec};
 use std::borrow::Cow;
 
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
@@ -109,48 +109,83 @@ impl<'a> CommonArena<'a> {
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
-pub struct EncodedAppState {
+pub struct EncodedAppState<'a> {
     pub frontiers: Vec<ID>,
     /// container states
-    pub states: Vec<EncodedContainerState>,
+    #[serde(borrow)]
+    pub states: Vec<EncodedContainerState<'a>>,
     /// containers' parents
     pub parents: Vec<Option<u32>>,
 }
 
-impl EncodedAppState {
+impl<'a> EncodedAppState<'a> {
     pub fn encode(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
         to_vec(self).unwrap()
     }
 
-    pub fn decode(data: &FinalPhase) -> Result<Self, LoroError> {
+    pub fn decode(data: &'a FinalPhase) -> Result<EncodedAppState<'a>, LoroError> {
         serde_columnar::from_bytes(&data.app_state)
             .map_err(|e| LoroError::DecodeError(e.to_string().into_boxed_str()))
     }
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
-pub enum EncodedContainerState {
+pub enum EncodedContainerState<'a> {
     Map(Vec<MapEntry>),
     List(Vec<usize>),
-    Richtext(EncodedRichtextState),
+    #[serde(borrow)]
+    Richtext(EncodedRichtextState<'a>),
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
-pub struct EncodedRichtextState {
+pub struct EncodedRichtextState<'a> {
     /// It's composed of interleaved:
     ///
     /// - len of text ranges
     /// - len of styles anchors
     pub len: Vec<u32>,
-    /// Text ranges in the [`TempArena`] `richtext` field
-    pub text: Vec<(u32, u32)>,
+    /// This is encoded [TextRanges]
+    #[serde(borrow)]
+    pub text_bytes: Cow<'a, [u8]>,
     /// Style anchor index in the style arena
+    // TODO: can be optimized
     pub styles: Vec<CompactStyleOp>,
     /// It is a start or end anchor. It's indexed by bit position.
     pub is_style_start: Vec<u8>,
 }
 
-impl EncodedContainerState {
+#[columnar(vec, ser, de, iterable)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct TextRange {
+    #[columnar(strategy = "DeltaRle")]
+    pub start: usize,
+    #[columnar(strategy = "DeltaRle")]
+    pub len: usize,
+}
+
+#[columnar(ser, de)]
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+pub struct TextRanges {
+    #[columnar(class = "vec", iter = "TextRange")]
+    pub ranges: Vec<TextRange>,
+}
+
+impl TextRanges {
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn decode_iter(bytes: &[u8]) -> LoroResult<impl Iterator<Item = TextRange> + '_> {
+        let iter = serde_columnar::iter_from_bytes::<TextRanges>(bytes).map_err(|e| {
+            LoroError::DecodeError(format!("Failed to decode TextRange: {}", e).into_boxed_str())
+        })?;
+        Ok(iter.ranges)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn encode(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
+        to_vec(self).unwrap()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> EncodedContainerState<'a> {
     pub fn container_type(&self) -> loro_common::ContainerType {
         match self {
             EncodedContainerState::Map(_) => loro_common::ContainerType::Map,

From fdf05b05206ac4db2eaaf316d7ed07b4e08877d3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zixuan Chen <remch183@outlook.com>
Date: Fri, 27 Oct 2023 10:49:42 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 103/111] perf: speed up decode & insert

---
 Cargo.lock                                    |   1 -
 crates/loro-internal/examples/encoding.rs     |  61 +++-
 crates/loro-internal/fuzz/Cargo.lock          |  93 +------
 .../src/container/richtext/query_by_len.rs    |  75 ++++-
 .../src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs  | 262 ++++++++++--------
 .../src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs |  88 +++---
 .../src/container/richtext/tracker.rs         |   9 +-
 .../container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs   |  45 ++-
 .../richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs          | 113 ++++++--
 crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz.rs              |  38 ++-
 .../src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs          |   1 +
 .../loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs |  27 +-
 12 files changed, 511 insertions(+), 302 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 9e7c85c12..55e127d96 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -723,7 +723,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "heapless",
  "itertools 0.11.0",
  "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
- "smallvec",
  "thunderdome",
 ]
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/examples/encoding.rs b/crates/loro-internal/examples/encoding.rs
index de98b778a..fd5d25ec8 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/examples/encoding.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/examples/encoding.rs
@@ -15,23 +15,54 @@ fn main() {
         txn.commit().unwrap();
     }
 
-    let start = Instant::now();
-    for _ in 0..10 {
-        loro.export_from(&Default::default());
-    }
+    {
+        // Delta encoding
+
+        // let start = Instant::now();
+        // for _ in 0..10 {
+        //     loro.export_from(&Default::default());
+        // }
 
-    println!("Avg encode {}ms", start.elapsed().as_millis() as f64 / 10.0);
+        // println!("Avg encode {}ms", start.elapsed().as_millis() as f64 / 10.0);
 
-    let data = loro.export_from(&Default::default());
-    let start = Instant::now();
-    for _ in 0..10 {
-        let mut b = LoroDoc::default();
-        b.detach();
-        b.import(&data).unwrap();
+        let data = loro.export_from(&Default::default());
+        let start = Instant::now();
+        for _ in 0..5 {
+            let b = LoroDoc::default();
+            b.import(&data).unwrap();
+        }
+
+        println!("Avg decode {}ms", start.elapsed().as_millis() as f64 / 10.0);
+        println!("size len={}", data.len());
+        let d = miniz_oxide::deflate::compress_to_vec(&data, 10);
+        println!("size after compress len={}", d.len());
     }
 
-    println!("Avg decode {}ms", start.elapsed().as_millis() as f64 / 10.0);
-    println!("size len={}", data.len());
-    let d = miniz_oxide::deflate::compress_to_vec(&data, 10);
-    println!("size after compress len={}", d.len());
+    {
+        // Snapshot encoding
+        // println!("\n=======================\nSnapshot Encoding:");
+
+        // let start = Instant::now();
+        // for _ in 0..10 {
+        //     loro.export_snapshot();
+        // }
+
+        // println!("Avg encode {}ms", start.elapsed().as_millis() as f64 / 10.0);
+
+        // let data = loro.export_snapshot();
+        // let start = Instant::now();
+        // let times = 300;
+        // for _ in 0..times {
+        //     let b = LoroDoc::default();
+        //     b.import(&data).unwrap();
+        // }
+
+        // println!(
+        //     "Avg decode {}ms",
+        //     start.elapsed().as_millis() as f64 / times as f64
+        // );
+        // println!("size len={}", data.len());
+        // let d = miniz_oxide::deflate::compress_to_vec(&data, 10);
+        // println!("size after compress len={}", d.len());
+    }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/fuzz/Cargo.lock b/crates/loro-internal/fuzz/Cargo.lock
index 91a347369..b8874e9f0 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/fuzz/Cargo.lock
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/fuzz/Cargo.lock
@@ -133,38 +133,14 @@ version = "1.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "6548a0ad5d2549e111e1f6a11a6c2e2d00ce6a3dafe22948d67c2b443f775e52"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "darling"
-version = "0.14.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b0dd3cd20dc6b5a876612a6e5accfe7f3dd883db6d07acfbf14c128f61550dfa"
-dependencies = [
- "darling_core 0.14.2",
- "darling_macro 0.14.2",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "darling"
 version = "0.20.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "0209d94da627ab5605dcccf08bb18afa5009cfbef48d8a8b7d7bdbc79be25c5e"
 dependencies = [
- "darling_core 0.20.3",
- "darling_macro 0.20.3",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "darling_core"
-version = "0.14.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a784d2ccaf7c98501746bf0be29b2022ba41fd62a2e622af997a03e9f972859f"
-dependencies = [
- "fnv",
- "ident_case",
- "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
- "strsim",
- "syn 1.0.105",
+ "darling_core",
+ "darling_macro",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -181,24 +157,13 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn 2.0.25",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "darling_macro"
-version = "0.14.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7618812407e9402654622dd402b0a89dff9ba93badd6540781526117b92aab7e"
-dependencies = [
- "darling_core 0.14.2",
- "quote",
- "syn 1.0.105",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "darling_macro"
 version = "0.20.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "836a9bbc7ad63342d6d6e7b815ccab164bc77a2d95d84bc3117a8c0d5c98e2d5"
 dependencies = [
- "darling_core 0.20.3",
+ "darling_core",
  "quote",
  "syn 2.0.25",
 ]
@@ -283,9 +248,8 @@ version = "0.7.0"
 dependencies = [
  "fxhash",
  "heapless",
- "itertools 0.11.0",
+ "itertools",
  "proc-macro2",
- "smallvec",
  "thunderdome",
 ]
 
@@ -349,15 +313,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "version_check",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "itertools"
-version = "0.10.5"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b0fd2260e829bddf4cb6ea802289de2f86d6a7a690192fbe91b3f46e0f2c8473"
-dependencies = [
- "either",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "itertools"
 version = "0.11.0"
@@ -448,7 +403,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "generic-btree",
  "getrandom",
  "im",
- "itertools 0.11.0",
+ "itertools",
  "jumprope",
  "loro-common",
  "loro-preload",
@@ -459,7 +414,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "rand",
  "rle",
  "serde",
- "serde_columnar 0.3.2",
+ "serde_columnar",
  "serde_json",
  "smallvec",
  "string_cache",
@@ -485,7 +440,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "loro-common",
  "serde",
- "serde_columnar 0.2.5",
+ "serde_columnar",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -823,51 +778,26 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde_derive",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "serde_columnar"
-version = "0.2.5"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5f5e09c91d7107faf75e9754748e3cb11fa3414a3761225a3d47c98aad153d40"
-dependencies = [
- "itertools 0.10.5",
- "postcard",
- "serde",
- "serde_columnar_derive 0.2.2",
- "thiserror",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_columnar"
 version = "0.3.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "98e0e9eb205e8f31604c26118d3f3626b21e3170a243ddfe1b7131b79725b114"
 dependencies = [
- "itertools 0.11.0",
+ "itertools",
  "postcard",
  "serde",
- "serde_columnar_derive 0.3.2",
+ "serde_columnar_derive",
  "thiserror",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "serde_columnar_derive"
-version = "0.2.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c78a4cb8421e4666b4e71a5a896be4f8db66ba90af88257e1072609dc4f3abbb"
-dependencies = [
- "darling 0.14.2",
- "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
- "syn 1.0.105",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_columnar_derive"
 version = "0.3.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "46d50a130ce1b4cf3b1585342ee0bf71e7589845ec23283e85fc875606018520"
 dependencies = [
- "darling 0.20.3",
+ "darling",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "syn 2.0.25",
@@ -1042,8 +972,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "thunderdome"
 version = "0.6.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "92e170f93360bf9ae6fe3c31116bbf27adb1d054cedd6bc3d7857e34f2d98d0b"
+source = "git+https://github.com/zxch3n/thunderdome.git#0602d63019f7b24dcc852b8941a5d36335ccbe1d"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tracing"
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/query_by_len.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/query_by_len.rs
index 319e6a210..9406766a7 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/query_by_len.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/query_by_len.rs
@@ -4,13 +4,37 @@ use generic_btree::{BTreeTrait, FindResult, Query};
 
 /// An easy way to implement [Query] by using key index
 ///
-/// This query implementation will prefer right element when both left element and right element are valid.
+/// This query implementation will
+/// - prefer next element when this element has zero length.
+/// - prefer next element rather than previous element when the left is at the middle of two elements.
 pub struct IndexQuery<T: QueryByLen<B>, B: BTreeTrait> {
     left: usize,
     _data: PhantomData<(T, B)>,
 }
 
+/// An easy way to implement [Query] by using key index
+///
+/// This query implementation will
+/// - prefer next element when this element has zero length.
+/// - prefer next element rather than previous element when the left is at the middle of two elements.
+pub struct IndexQueryWithEntityIndex<T: QueryByLen<B>, B: BTreeTrait> {
+    left: usize,
+    entity_index: usize,
+    _data: PhantomData<(T, B)>,
+}
+
+impl<T: QueryByLen<B>, B: BTreeTrait> IndexQueryWithEntityIndex<T, B> {
+    pub fn entity_index(&self) -> usize {
+        self.entity_index
+    }
+}
+
+/// The default query implementation will
+///
+/// - prefer next element when this element has zero length.
+/// - prefer next element rather than previous element when the left is at the middle of two elements.
 pub trait QueryByLen<B: BTreeTrait> {
+    fn get_cache_entity_len(cache: &B::Cache) -> usize;
     fn get_cache_len(cache: &B::Cache) -> usize;
     fn get_elem_len(elem: &B::Elem) -> usize;
     fn get_offset_and_found(left: usize, elem: &B::Elem) -> (usize, bool);
@@ -46,7 +70,54 @@ impl<T: QueryByLen<B>, B: BTreeTrait> Query<B> for IndexQuery<T, B> {
         FindResult::new_missing(child_caches.len() - 1, last_left)
     }
 
-    fn confirm_elem(&self, q: &Self::QueryArg, elem: &<B as BTreeTrait>::Elem) -> (usize, bool) {
+    fn confirm_elem(
+        &mut self,
+        q: &Self::QueryArg,
+        elem: &<B as BTreeTrait>::Elem,
+    ) -> (usize, bool) {
         T::get_offset_and_found(self.left, elem)
     }
 }
+
+impl<T: QueryByLen<B>, B: BTreeTrait> Query<B> for IndexQueryWithEntityIndex<T, B> {
+    type QueryArg = usize;
+
+    fn init(target: &Self::QueryArg) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            left: *target,
+            entity_index: 0,
+            _data: PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn find_node(
+        &mut self,
+        _: &Self::QueryArg,
+        child_caches: &[generic_btree::Child<B>],
+    ) -> generic_btree::FindResult {
+        let mut last_left = self.left;
+        for (i, cache) in child_caches.iter().enumerate() {
+            let len = T::get_cache_len(&cache.cache);
+            if self.left >= len {
+                self.entity_index += T::get_cache_entity_len(&cache.cache);
+                last_left = self.left;
+                self.left -= len;
+            } else {
+                return FindResult::new_found(i, self.left);
+            }
+        }
+
+        self.left = last_left;
+        FindResult::new_missing(child_caches.len() - 1, last_left)
+    }
+
+    fn confirm_elem(
+        &mut self,
+        q: &Self::QueryArg,
+        elem: &<B as BTreeTrait>::Elem,
+    ) -> (usize, bool) {
+        let (offset, found) = T::get_offset_and_found(self.left, elem);
+        self.entity_index += offset;
+        (offset, found)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
index d84c0c2bd..2a5f89c02 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
@@ -14,12 +14,14 @@ use std::{
 };
 
 use crate::{
-    container::richtext::style_range_map::StyleValue, delta::DeltaValue,
-    utils::utf16::count_utf16_chars, InternalString,
+    container::richtext::{query_by_len::IndexQueryWithEntityIndex, style_range_map::StyleValue},
+    delta::DeltaValue,
+    utils::utf16::count_utf16_chars,
+    InternalString,
 };
 
 // FIXME: Check splice and other things are using unicode index
-use self::query::{EntityQuery, EntityQueryT, EventIndexQuery, UnicodeQuery};
+use self::query::{EntityQuery, EntityQueryT, EventIndexQuery, UnicodeQueryT};
 
 use super::{
     query_by_len::{IndexQuery, QueryByLen},
@@ -413,6 +415,11 @@ pub(crate) mod query {
     #[cfg(feature = "wasm")]
     pub(crate) type EventIndexQuery = Utf16Query;
 
+    #[cfg(not(feature = "wasm"))]
+    pub(crate) type EventIndexQueryT = UnicodeQueryT;
+    #[cfg(feature = "wasm")]
+    pub(crate) type EventIndexQueryT = Utf16QueryT;
+
     pub(crate) struct UnicodeQueryT;
     pub(crate) type UnicodeQuery = IndexQuery<UnicodeQueryT, RichtextTreeTrait>;
 
@@ -449,6 +456,10 @@ pub(crate) mod query {
                 RichtextStateChunk::Style { .. } => (1, false),
             }
         }
+
+        fn get_cache_entity_len(cache: &<RichtextTreeTrait as BTreeTrait>::Cache) -> usize {
+            cache.entity_len as usize
+        }
     }
 
     pub(crate) struct Utf16QueryT;
@@ -489,6 +500,10 @@ pub(crate) mod query {
                 RichtextStateChunk::Style { .. } => (1, false),
             }
         }
+
+        fn get_cache_entity_len(cache: &<RichtextTreeTrait as BTreeTrait>::Cache) -> usize {
+            cache.entity_len as usize
+        }
     }
 
     pub(super) struct EntityQueryT;
@@ -533,6 +548,10 @@ pub(crate) mod query {
                 }
             }
         }
+
+        fn get_cache_entity_len(cache: &<RichtextTreeTrait as BTreeTrait>::Cache) -> usize {
+            cache.entity_len as usize
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -544,28 +563,7 @@ impl RichtextState {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Insert text at a unicode index. Return the entity index.
-    pub(crate) fn insert(&mut self, pos: usize, text: BytesSlice) -> usize {
-        if self.tree.is_empty() {
-            let elem = RichtextStateChunk::try_from_bytes(text).unwrap();
-            self.style_ranges.insert(0, elem.rle_len());
-            self.tree.push(elem);
-            return 0;
-        }
-
-        let right = self.find_best_insert_pos::<UnicodeQuery>(pos).unwrap();
-        let right = self.tree.prefer_left(right).unwrap_or(right);
-        let entity_index = self.get_entity_index_from_path(right);
-        let insert_pos = right;
-        let elem = RichtextStateChunk::try_from_bytes(text).unwrap();
-        self.style_ranges.insert(entity_index, elem.rle_len());
-        self.tree.insert_by_path(insert_pos, elem);
-        entity_index
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn get_entity_index_for_text_insert<
-        Q: Query<RichtextTreeTrait, QueryArg = usize>,
-    >(
+    pub(crate) fn get_entity_index_for_text_insert<Q: QueryByLen<RichtextTreeTrait>>(
         &self,
         pos: usize,
     ) -> usize {
@@ -573,8 +571,7 @@ impl RichtextState {
             return 0;
         }
 
-        let right = self.find_best_insert_pos::<Q>(pos).unwrap();
-        self.get_entity_index_from_path(right)
+        self.find_best_insert_pos::<Q>(pos).1
     }
 
     /// This is used to accept changes from DiffCalculator
@@ -684,7 +681,8 @@ impl RichtextState {
     }
 
     /// Find the best insert position based on algorithm similar to Peritext.
-    /// Returns the right neighbor of the insert pos.
+    /// The result is only different from `query` when there are style anchors around the insert pos.
+    /// Returns the right neighbor of the insert pos and the entity index.
     ///
     /// 1. Insertions occur before tombstones that contain the beginning of new marks.
     /// 2. Insertions occur before tombstones that contain the end of bold-like marks
@@ -694,74 +692,141 @@ impl RichtextState {
     ///
     /// The current method will scan forward to find the last position that satisfies 1 and 2.
     /// Then it scans backward to find the first position that satisfies 3.
-    fn find_best_insert_pos<Q: Query<RichtextTreeTrait, QueryArg = usize>>(
+    fn find_best_insert_pos<Q: QueryByLen<RichtextTreeTrait>>(
         &self,
         pos: usize,
-    ) -> Option<generic_btree::Cursor> {
+    ) -> (Option<generic_btree::Cursor>, usize) {
+        type Query<Q> = IndexQueryWithEntityIndex<Q, RichtextTreeTrait>;
         if self.tree.is_empty() {
-            return None;
+            return (None, 0);
         }
 
         // There are a range of elements may share the same unicode index
         // because style anchors' lengths are zero in unicode index.
 
-        // Find the start of the range
-        let mut iter = if pos == 0 {
-            self.tree.start_cursor()
+        // Find the start and the end of the range, and entity index of left cursor
+        let (left, right, mut entity_index) = if pos == 0 {
+            let left = self.tree.start_cursor();
+            let mut right = left;
+            let mut elem = self.tree.get_elem(right.leaf).unwrap();
+            let entity_index = 0;
+            if matches!(elem, RichtextStateChunk::Text { .. }) {
+                return (Some(right), 0);
+            } else {
+                while Q::get_elem_len(elem) == 0 {
+                    match self.tree.next_elem(right) {
+                        Some(r) => {
+                            right = r;
+                            elem = self.tree.get_elem(right.leaf).unwrap();
+                        }
+                        None => {
+                            right.offset = elem.rle_len();
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                (left, right, entity_index)
+            }
         } else {
-            let q = self.tree.query::<Q>(&(pos - 1)).unwrap();
-            match self.tree.shift_path_by_one_offset(q.cursor) {
-                Some(x) => x,
+            // The query perfers right when there are empty elements (style anchors)
+            // So the nodes between (pos-1) and pos are all style anchors.
+            let (q, f) = self.tree.query_with_finder_return::<Query<Q>>(&(pos - 1));
+            let q = q.unwrap();
+            let mut entity_index = f.entity_index();
+
+            let elem = self.tree.get_elem(q.leaf()).unwrap();
+            let mut right = q.cursor;
+            right.offset += 1;
+            entity_index += 1;
+            if elem.rle_len() > right.offset {
+                // The cursor is in the middle of a style anchor
+                return (Some(right), entity_index);
+            }
+
+            match self.tree.next_elem(q.cursor) {
                 // If next is None, we know the range is empty, return directly
-                None => return Some(self.tree.end_cursor()),
+                None => return (Some(self.tree.end_cursor()), entity_index),
+                Some(x) => {
+                    assert_eq!(right.offset, elem.rle_len());
+                    right = x;
+                    let mut elem = self.tree.get_elem(right.leaf).unwrap();
+                    if matches!(elem, RichtextStateChunk::Text { .. }) {
+                        return (Some(right), entity_index);
+                    }
+
+                    let left = x;
+                    while matches!(elem, RichtextStateChunk::Style { .. }) {
+                        match self.tree.next_elem(right) {
+                            Some(r) => {
+                                right = r;
+                                elem = self.tree.get_elem(right.leaf).unwrap();
+                            }
+                            None => {
+                                // this is last element
+                                right.offset = 1;
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    (left, right, entity_index)
+                }
             }
         };
 
-        // Find the end of the range
-        let right = self.tree.query::<Q>(&pos).unwrap().cursor;
-        if iter == right {
-            // no style anchor between unicode index (pos-1) and (pos)
-            return Some(iter);
-        }
+        let mut iter = left;
+        debug_log::debug_dbg!(iter, right, entity_index);
 
         // need to scan from left to right
         let mut visited = Vec::new();
         while iter != right {
             let Some(elem) = self.tree.get_elem(iter.leaf) else {
+                debug_log::debug_log!("not found");
                 break;
             };
+
             let (style, anchor_type) = match elem {
                 RichtextStateChunk::Text { .. } => unreachable!(),
                 RichtextStateChunk::Style { style, anchor_type } => (style, *anchor_type),
             };
 
-            visited.push((style, anchor_type, iter));
+            visited.push((style, anchor_type, iter, entity_index));
             if anchor_type == AnchorType::Start {
+                debug_log::debug_log!("case 1");
                 // case 1. should be before this anchor
                 break;
             }
 
             if style.info.prefer_insert_before(anchor_type) {
+                debug_log::debug_log!("case 2");
                 // case 2.
                 break;
             }
 
-            iter = match self.tree.shift_path_by_one_offset(iter) {
+            iter = match self.tree.next_elem(iter) {
                 Some(x) => x,
                 None => self.tree.end_cursor(),
             };
+            entity_index += 1;
         }
 
-        while let Some((style, anchor_type, top_elem)) = visited.pop() {
+        debug_log::debug_dbg!(&visited, iter, entity_index);
+        while let Some((style, anchor_type, top_elem, top_entity_index)) = visited.pop() {
+            debug_log::debug_log!("1");
             if !style.info.prefer_insert_before(anchor_type) {
+                debug_log::debug_log!("3 {:?}", &style);
                 // case 3.
                 break;
             }
 
+            debug_log::debug_log!("2");
             iter = top_elem;
+            entity_index = top_entity_index;
         }
 
-        Some(iter)
+        debug_log::debug_dbg!(iter, entity_index);
+        (Some(iter), entity_index)
     }
 
     fn get_entity_index_from_path(&self, right: generic_btree::Cursor) -> usize {
@@ -780,59 +845,6 @@ impl RichtextState {
         entity_index
     }
 
-    /// Delete a range of text at the given unicode position.
-    ///
-    /// Delete a range of text. (The style anchors included in the range are not deleted.)
-    pub(crate) fn delete(&mut self, pos: usize, len: usize) -> Vec<Range<usize>> {
-        if self.tree.is_empty() {
-            return Vec::new();
-        }
-
-        let mut style_anchors: Vec<RichtextStateChunk> = Vec::new();
-        let mut removed_entity_ranges: Vec<Range<usize>> = Vec::new();
-        let q = self.tree.query::<UnicodeQuery>(&pos).unwrap().cursor;
-        let mut entity_index = self.get_entity_index_from_path(q);
-        let mut deleted = 0;
-        // TODO: Delete style anchors whose inner text content is empty
-
-        for span in self.tree.drain_by_query::<UnicodeQuery>(pos..pos + len) {
-            match span {
-                RichtextStateChunk::Style { .. } => {
-                    entity_index += 1;
-                    style_anchors.push(span.clone());
-                }
-                RichtextStateChunk::Text {
-                    unicode_len,
-                    text: _,
-                } => {
-                    self.style_ranges.delete(
-                        entity_index - deleted..entity_index - deleted + unicode_len as usize,
-                    );
-                    deleted += unicode_len as usize;
-                    if let Some(last) = removed_entity_ranges.last_mut() {
-                        if last.end == entity_index {
-                            last.end += unicode_len as usize;
-                        } else {
-                            removed_entity_ranges
-                                .push(entity_index..(entity_index + unicode_len as usize));
-                        }
-                    } else {
-                        removed_entity_ranges
-                            .push(entity_index..(entity_index + unicode_len as usize));
-                    }
-
-                    entity_index += unicode_len as usize;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        let q = self.tree.query::<UnicodeQuery>(&pos);
-        self.tree
-            .insert_many_by_cursor(q.map(|x| x.cursor), style_anchors);
-
-        removed_entity_ranges
-    }
-
     pub(crate) fn get_text_entity_ranges<Q: Query<RichtextTreeTrait, QueryArg = usize>>(
         &self,
         pos: usize,
@@ -942,19 +954,16 @@ impl RichtextState {
             panic!("Cannot mark an empty tree");
         }
 
-        let end_pos = self
-            .find_best_insert_pos::<UnicodeQuery>(range.end)
-            .unwrap();
-        let end_entity_index = self.get_entity_index_from_path(end_pos);
+        let (end_pos, end_entity_index) = self.find_best_insert_pos::<UnicodeQueryT>(range.end);
+        let end_pos = end_pos.unwrap();
         self.tree.insert_by_path(
             end_pos,
             RichtextStateChunk::from_style(style.clone(), AnchorType::End),
         );
 
-        let start_pos = self
-            .find_best_insert_pos::<UnicodeQuery>(range.start)
-            .unwrap();
-        let start_entity_index = self.get_entity_index_from_path(start_pos);
+        let (start_pos, start_entity_index) =
+            self.find_best_insert_pos::<UnicodeQueryT>(range.start);
+        let start_pos = start_pos.unwrap();
         self.tree.insert_by_path(
             start_pos,
             RichtextStateChunk::from_style(style.clone(), AnchorType::Start),
@@ -1189,11 +1198,6 @@ impl RichtextState {
     pub fn len_entity(&self) -> usize {
         self.tree.root_cache().entity_len as usize
     }
-
-    #[inline(always)]
-    pub(crate) fn push(&mut self, elem: RichtextStateChunk) {
-        self.tree.push(elem);
-    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -1215,7 +1219,35 @@ mod test {
         fn insert(&mut self, pos: usize, text: &str) {
             let start = self.bytes.len();
             self.bytes.push_str(text);
-            self.state.insert(pos, self.bytes.slice(start..));
+            {
+                let state = &mut self.state;
+                let text = self.bytes.slice(start..);
+                if state.tree.is_empty() {
+                    let elem = RichtextStateChunk::try_from_bytes(text).unwrap();
+                    state.style_ranges.insert(0, elem.rle_len());
+                    state.tree.push(elem);
+                } else {
+                    debug_log::debug_dbg!(&state.tree);
+                    let (right, entity_index) = state.find_best_insert_pos::<UnicodeQueryT>(pos);
+                    debug_log::debug_log!(
+                        "insert pos: {}, right: {:?}, entity_index: {}",
+                        pos,
+                        right,
+                        entity_index
+                    );
+                    let right = state
+                        .tree
+                        .prefer_left(right.unwrap())
+                        .unwrap_or(right.unwrap());
+                    let insert_pos = right;
+                    let elem = RichtextStateChunk::try_from_bytes(text).unwrap();
+                    state.style_ranges.insert(entity_index, elem.rle_len());
+                    state.tree.insert_by_path(insert_pos, elem);
+
+                    debug_log::debug_dbg!(&state.tree);
+                    debug_log::debug_dbg!(&state.style_ranges);
+                }
+            };
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs
index 54f4b0941..3457fe920 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/style_range_map.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,10 @@ use super::{Style, StyleOp};
 ///
 /// It's initialized with usize::MAX/2 length.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub(super) struct StyleRangeMap(pub(super) BTree<RangeNumMapTrait>);
+pub(super) struct StyleRangeMap {
+    pub(super) tree: BTree<RangeNumMapTrait>,
+    has_style: bool,
+}
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub(super) struct RangeNumMapTrait;
@@ -77,19 +80,23 @@ impl StyleRangeMap {
             len: usize::MAX / 4,
         });
 
-        Self(tree)
+        Self {
+            tree,
+            has_style: false,
+        }
     }
 
     pub fn annotate(&mut self, range: Range<usize>, style: Arc<StyleOp>) {
         debug_log::debug_log!("Annotate {:?}", &range);
-        let range = self.0.range::<LengthFinder>(range);
+        let range = self.tree.range::<LengthFinder>(range);
         if range.is_none() {
             unreachable!();
         }
 
+        self.has_style = true;
         let range = range.unwrap();
         debug_log::debug_log!("Range={:?}", &range);
-        self.0
+        self.tree
             .update(range.start.cursor..range.end.cursor, &mut |x| {
                 // only leave one value with the greatest lamport if the style is mergeable
                 if let Some(set) = x.styles.get_mut(&style.key) {
@@ -126,35 +133,35 @@ impl StyleRangeMap {
     /// - If both leftStyleSet and rightStyleSet contain style x, it means that the newly inserted text is within the style range, so the StyleSet should include x.
     pub fn insert(&mut self, pos: usize, len: usize) -> &Styles {
         if pos == 0 {
-            self.0.prepend(Elem {
+            self.tree.prepend(Elem {
                 len,
                 styles: Default::default(),
             });
             return &EMPTY_STYLES;
         }
 
-        if pos as isize == *self.0.root_cache() {
-            self.0.push(Elem {
+        if pos as isize == *self.tree.root_cache() {
+            self.tree.push(Elem {
                 len,
                 styles: Default::default(),
             });
             return &EMPTY_STYLES;
         }
 
-        let right = self.0.query::<LengthFinder>(&pos).unwrap().cursor;
-        let left = self.0.query::<LengthFinder>(&(pos - 1)).unwrap().cursor;
+        let right = self.tree.query::<LengthFinder>(&pos).unwrap().cursor;
+        let left = self.tree.query::<LengthFinder>(&(pos - 1)).unwrap().cursor;
         if left.leaf == right.leaf {
             // left and right are in the same element, we can increase the length of the element directly
-            self.0.update_leaf(left.leaf, |x| {
+            self.tree.update_leaf(left.leaf, |x| {
                 x.len += len;
-                (true, Some(len as isize), None, None)
+                (true, None, None)
             });
-            return &self.0.get_elem(left.leaf).unwrap().styles;
+            return &self.tree.get_elem(left.leaf).unwrap().styles;
         }
 
         // insert by the intersection of left styles and right styles
-        let mut styles = self.0.get_elem(left.leaf).unwrap().styles.clone();
-        let right_styles = &self.0.get_elem(right.leaf).unwrap().styles;
+        let mut styles = self.tree.get_elem(left.leaf).unwrap().styles.clone();
+        let right_styles = &self.tree.get_elem(right.leaf).unwrap().styles;
         styles.retain(|key, value| {
             if let Some(right_value) = right_styles.get(key) {
                 value.set.retain(|x| right_value.set.contains(x));
@@ -164,20 +171,20 @@ impl StyleRangeMap {
             false
         });
 
-        self.0.insert_by_path(right, Elem { len, styles });
-        return &self.0.get_elem(right.leaf).unwrap().styles;
+        self.tree.insert_by_path(right, Elem { len, styles });
+        return &self.tree.get_elem(right.leaf).unwrap().styles;
     }
 
     pub fn get(&mut self, index: usize) -> Option<&FxHashMap<InternalString, StyleValue>> {
-        let result = self.0.query::<LengthFinder>(&index)?.cursor;
-        self.0.get_elem(result.leaf).map(|x| &x.styles)
+        let result = self.tree.query::<LengthFinder>(&index)?.cursor;
+        self.tree.get_elem(result.leaf).map(|x| &x.styles)
     }
 
     pub fn iter(
         &self,
     ) -> impl Iterator<Item = (Range<usize>, &FxHashMap<InternalString, StyleValue>)> + '_ {
         let mut index = 0;
-        self.0.iter().filter_map(move |elem| {
+        self.tree.iter().filter_map(move |elem| {
             let len = elem.len;
             let value = &elem.styles;
             let range = index..index + len;
@@ -194,38 +201,47 @@ impl StyleRangeMap {
         &self,
         start_entity_index: usize,
     ) -> impl Iterator<Item = (Range<usize>, &FxHashMap<InternalString, StyleValue>)> + '_ {
-        let start = self.0.query::<LengthFinder>(&start_entity_index).unwrap();
+        let start = self
+            .tree
+            .query::<LengthFinder>(&start_entity_index)
+            .unwrap();
         let mut index = start_entity_index - start.offset();
-        self.0.iter_range(start.cursor()..).filter_map(move |elem| {
-            let len = elem.elem.len;
-            let value = &elem.elem.styles;
-            let range = index.max(start_entity_index)..index + len;
-            index += len;
-            if elem.elem.styles.is_empty() {
-                return None;
-            }
+        self.tree
+            .iter_range(start.cursor()..)
+            .filter_map(move |elem| {
+                let len = elem.elem.len;
+                let value = &elem.elem.styles;
+                let range = index.max(start_entity_index)..index + len;
+                index += len;
+                if elem.elem.styles.is_empty() {
+                    return None;
+                }
 
-            Some((range, value))
-        })
+                Some((range, value))
+            })
     }
 
     pub fn delete(&mut self, range: Range<usize>) {
-        let start = self.0.query::<LengthFinder>(&range.start).unwrap();
-        let end = self.0.query::<LengthFinder>(&range.end).unwrap();
+        let start = self.tree.query::<LengthFinder>(&range.start).unwrap();
+        let end = self.tree.query::<LengthFinder>(&range.end).unwrap();
         if start.cursor.leaf == end.cursor.leaf {
             // delete in the same element
-            self.0.update_leaf(start.cursor.leaf, |mut x| {
+            self.tree.update_leaf(start.cursor.leaf, |mut x| {
                 x.len -= range.len();
-                (true, Some(-(range.len() as isize)), None, None)
+                (true, None, None)
             });
             return;
         }
 
-        self.0.drain(start..end);
+        self.tree.drain(start..end);
     }
 
     pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
-        *self.0.root_cache() as usize
+        *self.tree.root_cache() as usize
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn has_style(&self) -> bool {
+        self.has_style
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs
index 45239351c..676c7491a 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use generic_btree::LeafIndex;
-use loro_common::{Counter, PeerID, ID};
+use loro_common::{Counter, IdSpan, PeerID, ID};
 
 use crate::VersionVector;
 
@@ -110,6 +110,7 @@ impl Tracker {
     fn update_insert_by_split(&mut self, split: &[LeafIndex]) {
         for &new_leaf_idx in split {
             let leaf = self.rope.tree().get_elem(new_leaf_idx).unwrap();
+            debug_log::debug_dbg!(&leaf.id_span(), new_leaf_idx);
             self.id_to_cursor
                 .update_insert(leaf.id_span(), new_leaf_idx)
         }
@@ -133,11 +134,14 @@ impl Tracker {
             cur_id = cur_id.inc(span.content.len() as Counter);
         });
 
+        debug_assert_eq!(cur_id.counter - op_id.counter, len as Counter);
         self.update_insert_by_split(&split.arr);
 
         let end_id = op_id.inc(len as Counter);
         self.current_vv.extend_to_include_end_id(end_id);
         self.applied_vv.extend_to_include_end_id(end_id);
+
+        debug_log::debug_dbg!(&self);
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -217,6 +221,8 @@ impl Tracker {
         if !on_diff_status {
             self.current_vv = vv.clone();
         }
+        debug_log::debug_dbg!(&self);
+        debug_log::debug_dbg!(&updates);
         let leaf_indexes = self.rope.update(updates, on_diff_status);
         self.update_insert_by_split(&leaf_indexes);
     }
@@ -228,6 +234,7 @@ impl Tracker {
     ) -> impl Iterator<Item = CrdtRopeDelta> + '_ {
         self._checkout(from, false);
         self._checkout(to, true);
+        self.rope.diagnose();
         self.rope.get_diff()
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs
index cd7f4ce98..69ce622d3 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 use std::cmp::Ordering;
 
 use generic_btree::{
-    rle::HasLength, BTree, BTreeTrait, Cursor, FindResult, LeafIndex, Query, SplittedLeaves,
+    rle::{HasLength, Sliceable},
+    BTree, BTreeTrait, Cursor, FindResult, LeafIndex, Query, SplittedLeaves,
 };
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use loro_common::{Counter, HasCounter, HasCounterSpan, HasIdSpan, IdSpan, ID};
@@ -213,12 +214,40 @@ impl CrdtRope {
         len: usize,
         mut notify_deleted_span: impl FnMut(FugueSpan),
     ) -> SplittedLeaves {
+        if len == 0 {
+            return Default::default();
+        }
+
         let start = self.tree.query::<ActiveLenQuery>(&(pos as i32)).unwrap();
+        // avoid pointing to the end of the node
+        let mut start = self.tree.prefer_right(start.cursor).unwrap();
+        let mut elem = self.tree.get_elem_mut(start.leaf).unwrap();
+        while !elem.is_activated() {
+            start = self.tree.next_elem(start).unwrap();
+            elem = self.tree.get_elem_mut(start.leaf).unwrap();
+        }
+        if elem.rle_len() >= start.offset + len {
+            debug_log::debug_log!("len={} offset={} l={} ", elem.rle_len(), start.offset, len,);
+            let (_, splitted) = self.tree.update_leaf(start.leaf, |elem| {
+                let (a, b) = elem.update_with_split(start.offset..start.offset + len, |elem| {
+                    assert!(elem.is_activated());
+                    debug_assert_eq!(len, elem.rle_len());
+                    notify_deleted_span(*elem);
+                    elem.status.delete_times += 1;
+                });
+
+                (true, a, b)
+            });
+
+            debug_log::debug_dbg!(&splitted);
+            return splitted;
+        }
+
         let end = self
             .tree
             .query::<ActiveLenQuery>(&((pos + len) as i32))
             .unwrap();
-        self.tree.update(start.cursor()..end.cursor(), &mut |elem| {
+        self.tree.update(start..end.cursor(), &mut |elem| {
             if elem.is_activated() {
                 notify_deleted_span(*elem);
                 elem.status.delete_times += 1;
@@ -232,6 +261,10 @@ impl CrdtRope {
         })
     }
 
+    pub(crate) fn diagnose(&self) {
+        println!("crdt_rope number of tree nodes = {}", self.tree.node_len());
+    }
+
     /// Update the leaf with given `id_span`
     ///
     /// Return the new leaf indexes that are created by splitting the old leaf nodes
@@ -248,7 +281,11 @@ impl CrdtRope {
                 debug_assert_eq!(u.id_span.client_id, elem.id.peer);
                 let start = (u.id_span.ctr_start() - elem.id.counter).max(0);
                 let end = u.id_span.ctr_end() - elem.id.counter;
-                tree_update_info.push((leaf, start as usize..(end as usize).min(elem.rle_len()), u))
+                tree_update_info.push((
+                    leaf,
+                    (start as usize).min(elem.rle_len())..(end as usize).min(elem.rle_len()),
+                    u,
+                ))
             }
         }
 
@@ -469,7 +506,7 @@ impl Query<CrdtRopeTrait> for ActiveLenQuery {
     }
 
     fn confirm_elem(
-        &self,
+        &mut self,
         _: &Self::QueryArg,
         elem: &<CrdtRopeTrait as BTreeTrait>::Elem,
     ) -> (usize, bool) {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs
index 5ef8c0b2b..9f191c22b 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ impl IdToCursor {
         let list = self.map.entry(id.peer).or_default();
         if let Some(last) = list.last_mut() {
             let last_end = last.counter + last.cursor.rle_len() as Counter;
-            assert!(last_end <= id.counter);
+            debug_assert!(last_end <= id.counter, "id:{}, {:#?}", id, &self);
             if last_end == id.counter
                 && last.cursor.can_merge(&cursor)
                 && last.cursor.rle_len() < MAX_FRAGMENT_LEN
@@ -45,19 +45,30 @@ impl IdToCursor {
     ///
     /// id_span should be within the same `Cursor` and should be a `Insert`
     pub fn update_insert(&mut self, id_span: IdSpan, new_leaf: LeafIndex) {
+        debug_assert!(!id_span.is_reversed());
         let list = self.map.get_mut(&id_span.client_id).unwrap();
-        let index = match list.binary_search_by_key(&id_span.counter.start, |x| x.counter) {
+        let last = list.last().unwrap();
+        debug_assert!(last.counter + last.cursor.rle_len() as Counter > id_span.counter.max());
+        let mut index = match list.binary_search_by_key(&id_span.counter.start, |x| x.counter) {
             Ok(index) => index,
             Err(index) => index.saturating_sub(1),
         };
 
-        let fragment = &mut list[index];
+        let mut start_counter = id_span.counter.start;
+        while start_counter < id_span.counter.end
+            && index < list.len()
+            && start_counter < list[index].counter_end()
+        {
+            let fragment = &mut list[index];
+            let from = (start_counter - fragment.counter) as usize;
+            let to =
+                ((id_span.counter.end - fragment.counter) as usize).min(fragment.cursor.rle_len());
+            fragment.cursor.update_insert(from, to, new_leaf);
+            start_counter += (to - from) as Counter;
+            index += 1;
+        }
 
-        fragment.cursor.set_insert(
-            (id_span.counter.start - fragment.counter) as usize,
-            (id_span.counter.end - fragment.counter) as usize,
-            new_leaf,
-        )
+        assert_eq!(start_counter, id_span.counter.end);
     }
 
     // FIXME: delete id span can be reversed
@@ -106,8 +117,12 @@ impl IdToCursor {
                         leaf: elem.leaf,
                         id_span: IdSpan::new(
                             iter_id_span.client_id,
-                            start_counter.max(iter_id_span.counter.start),
-                            end_counter.min(iter_id_span.counter.end),
+                            start_counter
+                                .max(iter_id_span.counter.start)
+                                .min(iter_id_span.counter.end),
+                            end_counter
+                                .max(iter_id_span.counter.start)
+                                .min(iter_id_span.counter.end),
                         ),
                     });
                 }
@@ -175,6 +190,12 @@ impl Ord for Fragment {
     }
 }
 
+impl Fragment {
+    fn counter_end(&self) -> Counter {
+        self.counter + self.cursor.rle_len() as Counter
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
 pub(super) enum IterCursor {
     Insert { leaf: LeafIndex, id_span: IdSpan },
@@ -212,30 +233,64 @@ impl Cursor {
         Self::Delete(id_span)
     }
 
-    fn set_insert(&mut self, from: usize, to: usize, new_leaf: LeafIndex) {
+    fn update_insert(&mut self, from: usize, to: usize, new_leaf: LeafIndex) {
+        debug_log::debug_log!(
+            "set_insert: from={}, to={}, new_leaf={:?}",
+            from,
+            to,
+            &new_leaf
+        );
+
+        assert!(from <= to);
+        assert!(to <= self.rle_len());
         match self {
             Self::Insert { set, len } => {
+                // TODO: PERF can be speed up
                 let mut index = 0;
-                let mut pos = usize::MAX;
-                for (i, insert) in set.iter_mut().enumerate() {
-                    if index + insert.len as usize > from {
-                        pos = i;
-                        insert.len -= (to - from) as u32;
-                        break;
+                let mut new_set = SmallVec::new();
+                for insert in set.iter() {
+                    if index + insert.len as usize <= from || index >= to {
+                        new_set.push(*insert);
+                        index += insert.len as usize;
+                    } else {
+                        let elem_end = index + insert.len as usize;
+                        if index < from {
+                            new_set.push(Insert {
+                                leaf: insert.leaf,
+                                len: (from - index) as u32,
+                            });
+                            index = from;
+                        }
+
+                        if elem_end > to {
+                            new_set.push(Insert {
+                                leaf: new_leaf,
+                                len: (to - index) as u32,
+                            });
+                            new_set.push(Insert {
+                                leaf: insert.leaf,
+                                len: (elem_end - to) as u32,
+                            });
+                        } else {
+                            new_set.push(Insert {
+                                leaf: new_leaf,
+                                len: (elem_end - index) as u32,
+                            });
+                        }
+
+                        index = elem_end;
                     }
-                    index += insert.len as usize;
                 }
 
-                set.insert(
-                    pos + 1,
-                    Insert {
-                        leaf: new_leaf,
-                        len: (to - from) as u32,
-                    },
+                *set = new_set;
+                debug_assert_eq!(
+                    *len,
+                    set.iter().map(|x| x.len as usize).sum::<usize>() as u32
                 );
             }
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }
+        debug_log::debug_dbg!(&self);
     }
 
     fn get_insert(&self, pos: usize) -> Option<LeafIndex> {
@@ -298,3 +353,13 @@ impl Mergeable for Cursor {
         unreachable!();
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_id_to_cursor() {
+        let mut map = IdToCursor::default();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz.rs
index c2021e21d..c0e6f6602 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz.rs
@@ -1900,9 +1900,45 @@ mod test {
         )
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn richtext_fuzz_3() {
+        test_multi_sites_refactored(
+            5,
+            &mut [Del {
+                pos: 36310271995488768,
+                len: 5859553690644468061,
+                site: 81,
+            }],
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn fuzz_4() {
+        test_multi_sites_refactored(
+            5,
+            &mut [
+                Ins {
+                    content: 17733,
+                    pos: 4991471925827290437,
+                    site: 69,
+                },
+                Del {
+                    pos: 4991471925827290437,
+                    len: 4991471925827290437,
+                    site: 69,
+                },
+                Del {
+                    pos: 4991471925827290437,
+                    len: 4991471925827290437,
+                    site: 69,
+                },
+            ],
+        )
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn mini_r() {
-        minify_error(2, vec![], test_multi_sites_refactored, |_, ans| {
+        minify_error(5, vec![], test_multi_sites_refactored, |_, ans| {
             ans.to_vec()
         })
     }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
index bce4829ff..9f9777ad4 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
@@ -2361,6 +2361,7 @@ mod failed_tests {
         )
     }
 
+
     use super::ContainerType as C;
     #[test]
     fn to_minify() {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
index 3caaf8d71..03f93c223 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use crate::{
     container::{
         idx::ContainerIdx,
         richtext::{
-            query::{EventIndexQuery, Utf16Query},
+            query::{EventIndexQuery, EventIndexQueryT},
             AnchorType, RichtextState as InnerState, StyleOp, TextStyleInfoFlag,
         },
     },
@@ -446,14 +446,7 @@ impl RichtextState {
     pub(crate) fn get_entity_index_for_text_insert_event_index(&mut self, pos: usize) -> usize {
         self.state
             .get_mut()
-            .get_entity_index_for_text_insert::<EventIndexQuery>(pos)
-    }
-
-    #[inline(always)]
-    pub(crate) fn get_entity_index_for_utf16_insert_pos(&mut self, pos: usize) -> usize {
-        self.state
-            .get_mut()
-            .get_entity_index_for_text_insert::<Utf16Query>(pos)
+            .get_entity_index_for_text_insert::<EventIndexQueryT>(pos)
     }
 
     #[inline(always)]
@@ -467,17 +460,6 @@ impl RichtextState {
             .get_text_entity_ranges::<EventIndexQuery>(pos, len)
     }
 
-    #[inline(always)]
-    pub(crate) fn get_text_entity_ranges_in_utf16_range(
-        &mut self,
-        pos: usize,
-        len: usize,
-    ) -> Vec<Range<usize>> {
-        self.state
-            .get_mut()
-            .get_text_entity_ranges::<Utf16Query>(pos, len)
-    }
-
     #[inline(always)]
     pub fn get_richtext_value(&mut self) -> LoroValue {
         self.state.get_mut().get_richtext_value()
@@ -663,7 +645,10 @@ impl RichtextStateLoader {
         }
 
         debug_log::debug_dbg!(&state);
-        state.check();
+        if cfg!(debug_assertions) {
+            state.check();
+        }
+
         state
     }
 }

From b0a1ac6afc17a2d529a1b946f599f28dd95411a9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zixuan Chen <remch183@outlook.com>
Date: Fri, 27 Oct 2023 12:06:02 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 104/111] fix: fugue span merge err

---
 crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/fugue_span.rs | 5 ++++-
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/fugue_span.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/fugue_span.rs
index 762c46c81..d6d25c5a0 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/fugue_span.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/fugue_span.rs
@@ -243,8 +243,11 @@ impl Mergeable for FugueSpan {
         self.id.peer == rhs.id.peer
             && self.status == rhs.status
             && self.diff_status == rhs.diff_status
-            && Some(self.id) == rhs.origin_left
             && self.id.counter + self.content.len() as Counter == rhs.id.counter
+            && rhs.origin_left.is_some()
+            && rhs.origin_left.unwrap().peer == self.id.peer
+            && rhs.origin_left.unwrap().counter
+                == self.id.counter + self.content.len() as Counter - 1
             && self.origin_right == rhs.origin_right
             && self.content.can_merge(&rhs.content)
     }

From fe65bcdda531575bc2d96519095225d3e3d6878b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zixuan Chen <remch183@outlook.com>
Date: Fri, 27 Oct 2023 12:55:37 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 105/111] perf: speedup delete & id cursor map

---
 .../src/container/richtext/tracker.rs         |  1 -
 .../container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs   | 85 +++++++++++++++----
 .../richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs          | 43 +++++++---
 3 files changed, 103 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs
index 676c7491a..58404851b 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs
@@ -234,7 +234,6 @@ impl Tracker {
     ) -> impl Iterator<Item = CrdtRopeDelta> + '_ {
         self._checkout(from, false);
         self._checkout(to, true);
-        self.rope.diagnose();
         self.rope.get_diff()
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs
index 69ce622d3..2392fe806 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs
@@ -54,8 +54,7 @@ impl CrdtRope {
         }
 
         let pos = pos as i32;
-        let start = self.tree.query::<ActiveLenQuery>(&pos).unwrap();
-        debug_log::debug_dbg!(start);
+        let start = self.tree.query::<ActiveLenQueryPreferLeft>(&pos).unwrap();
 
         let (parent_right_leaf, in_between) = {
             // calculate origin_left and origin_right
@@ -218,14 +217,13 @@ impl CrdtRope {
             return Default::default();
         }
 
-        let start = self.tree.query::<ActiveLenQuery>(&(pos as i32)).unwrap();
+        let start = self
+            .tree
+            .query::<ActiveLenQueryPerferRight>(&(pos as i32))
+            .unwrap();
         // avoid pointing to the end of the node
-        let mut start = self.tree.prefer_right(start.cursor).unwrap();
-        let mut elem = self.tree.get_elem_mut(start.leaf).unwrap();
-        while !elem.is_activated() {
-            start = self.tree.next_elem(start).unwrap();
-            elem = self.tree.get_elem_mut(start.leaf).unwrap();
-        }
+        let start = start.cursor;
+        let elem = self.tree.get_elem_mut(start.leaf).unwrap();
         if elem.rle_len() >= start.offset + len {
             debug_log::debug_log!("len={} offset={} l={} ", elem.rle_len(), start.offset, len,);
             let (_, splitted) = self.tree.update_leaf(start.leaf, |elem| {
@@ -245,7 +243,7 @@ impl CrdtRope {
 
         let end = self
             .tree
-            .query::<ActiveLenQuery>(&((pos + len) as i32))
+            .query::<ActiveLenQueryPreferLeft>(&((pos + len) as i32))
             .unwrap();
         self.tree.update(start..end.cursor(), &mut |elem| {
             if elem.is_activated() {
@@ -461,21 +459,21 @@ impl BTreeTrait for CrdtRopeTrait {
 
 /// Query for start position, prefer left.
 ///
-/// If there are zero length spans (deleted, or spans from future) before the
+/// If there are zero length spans (deleted, or spans from future) at the
 /// active index, the query will return the position of the first non-zero length
-/// content.
+/// content before them.
 ///
 /// NOTE: it may points to the end of a leaf node (with offset = rle_len) while the next leaf node is available.
-struct ActiveLenQuery {
+struct ActiveLenQueryPreferLeft {
     left: i32,
 }
 
-impl Query<CrdtRopeTrait> for ActiveLenQuery {
+impl Query<CrdtRopeTrait> for ActiveLenQueryPreferLeft {
     type QueryArg = i32;
 
     fn init(target: &Self::QueryArg) -> Self {
         debug_assert!(*target >= 0);
-        ActiveLenQuery { left: *target }
+        ActiveLenQueryPreferLeft { left: *target }
     }
 
     fn find_node(
@@ -519,6 +517,63 @@ impl Query<CrdtRopeTrait> for ActiveLenQuery {
     }
 }
 
+/// Query for start position, prefer right
+///
+/// If there are zero length spans (deleted, or spans from future) at the
+/// active index, the query will return the position of the first non-zero length
+/// content after them.
+struct ActiveLenQueryPerferRight {
+    left: i32,
+}
+
+impl Query<CrdtRopeTrait> for ActiveLenQueryPerferRight {
+    type QueryArg = i32;
+
+    fn init(target: &Self::QueryArg) -> Self {
+        debug_assert!(*target >= 0);
+        Self { left: *target }
+    }
+
+    fn find_node(
+        &mut self,
+        _: &Self::QueryArg,
+        child_caches: &[generic_btree::Child<CrdtRopeTrait>],
+    ) -> generic_btree::FindResult {
+        let mut left = self.left;
+        for (i, child) in child_caches.iter().enumerate() {
+            let cache = &child.cache;
+            if left < cache.len {
+                // Prefer left. So if both `cache.len` and `left` equal zero, return here.
+                self.left = left;
+                return generic_btree::FindResult::new_found(i, left as usize);
+            }
+
+            left -= cache.len;
+        }
+
+        if let Some(last) = child_caches.last() {
+            left += last.cache.len;
+            self.left = left;
+            FindResult::new_missing(child_caches.len() - 1, left as usize)
+        } else {
+            // TODO: this should be impossible
+            unreachable!()
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn confirm_elem(
+        &mut self,
+        _: &Self::QueryArg,
+        elem: &<CrdtRopeTrait as BTreeTrait>::Elem,
+    ) -> (usize, bool) {
+        if elem.is_activated() {
+            (self.left as usize, (self.left as usize) < elem.rle_len())
+        } else {
+            (self.left as usize, self.left == 0)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// This struct describe the ways to update a leaf's status
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Copy)]
 pub(super) struct LeafUpdate {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs
index 9f191c22b..dd586be27 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/id_to_cursor.rs
@@ -246,26 +246,48 @@ impl Cursor {
         match self {
             Self::Insert { set, len } => {
                 // TODO: PERF can be speed up
-                let mut index = 0;
+                let mut cur_scan_index: usize = 0;
                 let mut new_set = SmallVec::new();
+                let mut new_leaf_inserted = false;
                 for insert in set.iter() {
-                    if index + insert.len as usize <= from || index >= to {
+                    if new_leaf_inserted {
+                        let end = cur_scan_index + insert.len as usize;
+                        if end <= to {
+                            cur_scan_index = end;
+                            continue;
+                        }
+
+                        if cur_scan_index >= to {
+                            new_set.push(*insert);
+                        } else {
+                            new_set.push(Insert {
+                                leaf: insert.leaf,
+                                len: (end - to) as u32,
+                            });
+                        }
+
+                        cur_scan_index = end;
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    if cur_scan_index + insert.len as usize <= from {
                         new_set.push(*insert);
-                        index += insert.len as usize;
+                        cur_scan_index += insert.len as usize;
                     } else {
-                        let elem_end = index + insert.len as usize;
-                        if index < from {
+                        debug_assert!(!new_leaf_inserted);
+                        let elem_end = cur_scan_index + insert.len as usize;
+                        if cur_scan_index < from {
                             new_set.push(Insert {
                                 leaf: insert.leaf,
-                                len: (from - index) as u32,
+                                len: (from - cur_scan_index) as u32,
                             });
-                            index = from;
+                            cur_scan_index = from;
                         }
 
                         if elem_end > to {
                             new_set.push(Insert {
                                 leaf: new_leaf,
-                                len: (to - index) as u32,
+                                len: (to - cur_scan_index) as u32,
                             });
                             new_set.push(Insert {
                                 leaf: insert.leaf,
@@ -274,11 +296,12 @@ impl Cursor {
                         } else {
                             new_set.push(Insert {
                                 leaf: new_leaf,
-                                len: (elem_end - index) as u32,
+                                len: (to - cur_scan_index) as u32,
                             });
                         }
 
-                        index = elem_end;
+                        new_leaf_inserted = true;
+                        cur_scan_index = elem_end;
                     }
                 }
 

From 2b95996be00edeb01e536f3dc95815f57318d092 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zixuan Chen <remch183@outlook.com>
Date: Fri, 27 Oct 2023 15:10:09 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 106/111] fix: fugue merge err

---
 crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/fugue_span.rs | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/fugue_span.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/fugue_span.rs
index d6d25c5a0..2c4edbcdd 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/fugue_span.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/fugue_span.rs
@@ -258,6 +258,7 @@ impl Mergeable for FugueSpan {
 
     fn merge_left(&mut self, left: &Self) {
         self.id = left.id;
+        self.origin_left = left.origin_left;
         self.content.merge_left(&left.content);
     }
 }

From 6a968ab098aba1662a0dc8362cabb723f206881a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zixuan Chen <remch183@outlook.com>
Date: Fri, 27 Oct 2023 15:11:38 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 107/111] chore: update utils

---
 crates/loro-internal/examples/obs.rs          |  21 +++
 .../src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs  |   5 +-
 .../src/container/richtext/tracker.rs         |  12 +-
 .../container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs   |   7 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz.rs              | 120 +++++++++++++++++-
 crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs           |  13 ++
 .../loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs |   2 +-
 7 files changed, 166 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 crates/loro-internal/examples/obs.rs

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/examples/obs.rs b/crates/loro-internal/examples/obs.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..afee99516
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/examples/obs.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use bench_utils::TextAction;
+use criterion::black_box;
+use loro_internal::LoroDoc;
+
+fn main() {
+    let actions = bench_utils::get_automerge_actions();
+    for _ in 0..10 {
+        let loro = LoroDoc::default();
+        let text = loro.get_text("text");
+        loro.subscribe_deep(Arc::new(move |event| {
+            black_box(event);
+        }));
+        for TextAction { pos, ins, del } in actions.iter() {
+            let mut txn = loro.txn().unwrap();
+            text.delete(&mut txn, *pos, *del).unwrap();
+            text.insert(&mut txn, *pos, ins).unwrap();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
index 2a5f89c02..c58eecf69 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/richtext_state.rs
@@ -591,9 +591,10 @@ impl RichtextState {
     ) -> (usize, &Styles) {
         debug_assert!(
             entity_index <= self.len_entity(),
-            "entity_index={} len={}",
+            "entity_index={} len={} self={:#?}",
             entity_index,
-            self.len_entity()
+            self.len_entity(),
+            &self
         );
 
         match self.tree.query::<EntityQuery>(&entity_index) {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs
index 58404851b..f3f5adc07 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker.rs
@@ -73,8 +73,6 @@ impl Tracker {
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn insert(&mut self, op_id: ID, pos: usize, content: RichtextChunk) {
-        // debug_log::debug_log!("before insert {} pos={}", op_id, pos);
-        // debug_log::debug_dbg!(&self);
         if self.applied_vv.includes_id(op_id) {
             assert!(self
                 .applied_vv
@@ -82,6 +80,8 @@ impl Tracker {
             return;
         }
 
+        debug_log::group!("before insert {} pos={}", op_id, pos);
+        // debug_log::debug_dbg!(&self);
         let result = self.rope.insert(
             pos,
             FugueSpan {
@@ -104,7 +104,8 @@ impl Tracker {
         let end_id = op_id.inc(content.len() as Counter);
         self.current_vv.extend_to_include_end_id(end_id);
         self.applied_vv.extend_to_include_end_id(end_id);
-        debug_log::debug_log!("after insert {}", op_id);
+        // debug_log::debug_dbg!(&self);
+        debug_log::group_end!();
     }
 
     fn update_insert_by_split(&mut self, split: &[LeafIndex]) {
@@ -140,8 +141,6 @@ impl Tracker {
         let end_id = op_id.inc(len as Counter);
         self.current_vv.extend_to_include_end_id(end_id);
         self.applied_vv.extend_to_include_end_id(end_id);
-
-        debug_log::debug_dbg!(&self);
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -221,8 +220,6 @@ impl Tracker {
         if !on_diff_status {
             self.current_vv = vv.clone();
         }
-        debug_log::debug_dbg!(&self);
-        debug_log::debug_dbg!(&updates);
         let leaf_indexes = self.rope.update(updates, on_diff_status);
         self.update_insert_by_split(&leaf_indexes);
     }
@@ -234,6 +231,7 @@ impl Tracker {
     ) -> impl Iterator<Item = CrdtRopeDelta> + '_ {
         self._checkout(from, false);
         self._checkout(to, true);
+        // debug_log::debug_dbg!(from, to, &self);
         self.rope.get_diff()
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs
index 2392fe806..dbee8f395 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/richtext/tracker/crdt_rope.rs
@@ -191,6 +191,7 @@ impl CrdtRope {
                 }
 
                 if !scanning {
+                    debug_log::debug_log!("B");
                     insert_pos = Cursor {
                         leaf: *other_leaf,
                         offset: other_elem.rle_len(),
@@ -219,7 +220,7 @@ impl CrdtRope {
 
         let start = self
             .tree
-            .query::<ActiveLenQueryPerferRight>(&(pos as i32))
+            .query::<ActiveLenQueryPreferRight>(&(pos as i32))
             .unwrap();
         // avoid pointing to the end of the node
         let start = start.cursor;
@@ -522,11 +523,11 @@ impl Query<CrdtRopeTrait> for ActiveLenQueryPreferLeft {
 /// If there are zero length spans (deleted, or spans from future) at the
 /// active index, the query will return the position of the first non-zero length
 /// content after them.
-struct ActiveLenQueryPerferRight {
+struct ActiveLenQueryPreferRight {
     left: i32,
 }
 
-impl Query<CrdtRopeTrait> for ActiveLenQueryPerferRight {
+impl Query<CrdtRopeTrait> for ActiveLenQueryPreferRight {
     type QueryArg = i32;
 
     fn init(target: &Self::QueryArg) -> Self {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz.rs
index c0e6f6602..2d65bf5fa 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz.rs
@@ -365,10 +365,16 @@ fn check_eq(site_a: &mut LoroDoc, site_b: &mut LoroDoc) {
             );
         }
 
+        text_a.with_state(|s| {
+            dbg!(&s.state);
+        });
+        text_b.with_state(|s| {
+            dbg!(&s.state);
+        });
         assert_eq!(
             value_a,
             value_b,
-            "Richtext Style not equal. peer{}={:?}, peer{}={:?}",
+            "Richtext Style not equal. peer{}={:?}, peer{}={:?}, \n",
             site_a.peer_id(),
             value_a,
             site_b.peer_id(),
@@ -1936,6 +1942,118 @@ mod test {
         )
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn fuzz_5() {
+        test_multi_sites_refactored(
+            5,
+            &mut [
+                Ins {
+                    content: 13877,
+                    pos: 0,
+                    site: 0,
+                },
+                Del {
+                    pos: 3,
+                    len: 4,
+                    site: 0,
+                },
+                Del {
+                    pos: 2,
+                    len: 1,
+                    site: 0,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 12850,
+                    pos: 0,
+                    site: 1,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 52487,
+                    pos: 0,
+                    site: 4,
+                },
+            ],
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn fuzz_6() {
+        test_multi_sites_refactored(
+            5,
+            &mut [
+                Ins {
+                    content: 0,
+                    pos: 16384000,
+                    site: 0,
+                },
+                Mark {
+                    pos: 4503599627370752,
+                    len: 14829735428355981312,
+                    site: 0,
+                    style_key: 0,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 10624,
+                    pos: 1182309699815473152,
+                    site: 0,
+                },
+                Ins {
+                    content: 52685,
+                    pos: 3474262130214096333,
+                    site: 128,
+                },
+                Mark {
+                    pos: 3607102274975328360,
+                    len: 7812629349709198644,
+                    site: 108,
+                    style_key: 108,
+                },
+                Mark {
+                    pos: 7812738666512280684,
+                    len: 7812738666512280684,
+                    site: 108,
+                    style_key: 108,
+                },
+                Mark {
+                    pos: 7812738666512280684,
+                    len: 7812738666512280684,
+                    site: 108,
+                    style_key: 108,
+                },
+                Mark {
+                    pos: 7812738666512280684,
+                    len: 7812738666512280684,
+                    site: 108,
+                    style_key: 108,
+                },
+                Mark {
+                    pos: 7812738666512280684,
+                    len: 7812738666512280684,
+                    site: 108,
+                    style_key: 108,
+                },
+                Mark {
+                    pos: 7812738666512280684,
+                    len: 7812738666512280684,
+                    site: 108,
+                    style_key: 108,
+                },
+                Mark {
+                    pos: 7812738666512280684,
+                    len: 7812738666512280684,
+                    site: 108,
+                    style_key: 108,
+                },
+                Mark {
+                    pos: 7812738666512280684,
+                    len: 7812738666512280684,
+                    site: 108,
+                    style_key: 108,
+                },
+            ],
+        );
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn mini_r() {
         minify_error(5, vec![], test_multi_sites_refactored, |_, ans| {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
index 7a59e3d21..f94d02ed4 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ use crate::{
     },
     delta::MapValue,
     op::ListSlice,
+    state::RichtextState,
     txn::EventHint,
 };
 use enum_as_inner::EnumAsInner;
@@ -181,6 +182,18 @@ impl TextHandler {
             })
     }
 
+    pub fn with_state(&self, f: impl FnOnce(&RichtextState)) {
+        self.state
+            .upgrade()
+            .unwrap()
+            .lock()
+            .unwrap()
+            .with_state(self.container_idx, |state| {
+                let state = state.as_richtext_state().unwrap();
+                f(state);
+            })
+    }
+
     /// `pos` is a Event Index:
     ///
     /// - if feature="wasm", pos is a UTF-16 index
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
index 03f93c223..53f5d1250 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ use super::ContainerState;
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct RichtextState {
     idx: ContainerIdx,
-    state: LazyLoad<RichtextStateLoader, InnerState>,
+    pub(crate) state: LazyLoad<RichtextStateLoader, InnerState>,
     in_txn: bool,
     undo_stack: Vec<UndoItem>,
 }

From 4b5e8ca4cce5cb882ad59b9580ba3430fb8ea40f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 28 Oct 2023 11:22:29 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 108/111] fix: fix merge

---
 Cargo.lock                                    | 58 +++++++++----------
 crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs        |  9 ++-
 crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs         | 11 ++--
 .../src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs           |  6 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs             |  8 +--
 .../src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs          |  4 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs         | 58 +++++++++----------
 crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs           | 31 +++-------
 crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs              |  2 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs   | 44 ++++++++------
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs  |  7 +--
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/map_state.rs   |  1 +
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs  | 46 ++++++++++++---
 crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs               | 29 ++++------
 14 files changed, 164 insertions(+), 150 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 55e127d96..e4ec36a02 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "heck",
  "indexmap",
  "log",
- "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.69",
  "quote 1.0.29",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
@@ -538,7 +538,7 @@ checksum = "177e3443818124b357d8e76f53be906d60937f0d3a90773a664fa63fa253e621"
 dependencies = [
  "fnv",
  "ident_case",
- "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.69",
  "quote 1.0.29",
  "strsim",
  "syn 2.0.25",
@@ -577,7 +577,7 @@ version = "1.3.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "53e0efad4403bfc52dc201159c4b842a246a14b98c64b55dfd0f2d89729dfeb8"
 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.69",
  "quote 1.0.29",
  "syn 2.0.25",
 ]
@@ -621,7 +621,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c9720bba047d567ffc8a3cba48bf19126600e249ab7f128e9233e6376976a116"
 dependencies = [
  "heck",
- "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.69",
  "quote 1.0.29",
  "syn 1.0.107",
 ]
@@ -633,7 +633,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "5ffccbb6966c05b32ef8fbac435df276c4ae4d3dc55a8cd0eb9745e6c12f546a"
 dependencies = [
  "heck",
- "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.69",
  "quote 1.0.29",
  "syn 2.0.25",
 ]
@@ -645,7 +645,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "11f36e95862220b211a6e2aa5eca09b4fa391b13cd52ceb8035a24bf65a79de2"
 dependencies = [
  "once_cell",
- "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.69",
  "quote 1.0.29",
  "syn 1.0.107",
 ]
@@ -722,7 +722,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "fxhash",
  "heapless",
  "itertools 0.11.0",
- "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.69",
  "thunderdome",
 ]
 
@@ -1166,7 +1166,7 @@ checksum = "4f73dd4ddd118bd87756c72fead4c727dc4ee6ba3af3cd98d8490eb09b5a8573"
 dependencies = [
  "convert_case",
  "napi-derive-backend",
- "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.69",
  "quote 1.0.29",
  "syn 1.0.107",
 ]
@@ -1179,7 +1179,7 @@ checksum = "57e4e6bb1ee73ec3938a8dfd2ce81955954b8e48c3a40c839918a9735feb0d61"
 dependencies = [
  "convert_case",
  "once_cell",
- "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.69",
  "quote 1.0.29",
  "regex",
  "syn 1.0.107",
@@ -1331,7 +1331,7 @@ checksum = "5f7d21ccd03305a674437ee1248f3ab5d4b1db095cf1caf49f1713ddf61956b7"
 dependencies = [
  "Inflector",
  "proc-macro-error",
- "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.69",
  "quote 1.0.29",
  "syn 1.0.107",
 ]
@@ -1443,7 +1443,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "da25490ff9892aab3fcf7c36f08cfb902dd3e71ca0f9f9517bea02a73a5ce38c"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro-error-attr",
- "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.69",
  "quote 1.0.29",
  "syn 1.0.107",
  "version_check",
@@ -1455,7 +1455,7 @@ version = "1.0.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "a1be40180e52ecc98ad80b184934baf3d0d29f979574e439af5a55274b35f869"
 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.69",
  "quote 1.0.29",
  "version_check",
 ]
@@ -1471,9 +1471,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "proc-macro2"
-version = "1.0.67"
+version = "1.0.69"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3d433d9f1a3e8c1263d9456598b16fec66f4acc9a74dacffd35c7bb09b3a1328"
+checksum = "134c189feb4956b20f6f547d2cf727d4c0fe06722b20a0eec87ed445a97f92da"
 dependencies = [
  "unicode-ident",
 ]
@@ -1560,7 +1560,7 @@ version = "0.17.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "94144a1266e236b1c932682136dc35a9dee8d3589728f68130c7c3861ef96b28"
 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.69",
  "pyo3-macros-backend",
  "quote 1.0.29",
  "syn 1.0.107",
@@ -1572,7 +1572,7 @@ version = "0.17.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c8df9be978a2d2f0cdebabb03206ed73b11314701a5bfe71b0d753b81997777f"
 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.69",
  "quote 1.0.29",
  "syn 1.0.107",
 ]
@@ -1604,7 +1604,7 @@ version = "1.0.29"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "573015e8ab27661678357f27dc26460738fd2b6c86e46f386fde94cb5d913105"
 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.69",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1864,7 +1864,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "46d50a130ce1b4cf3b1585342ee0bf71e7589845ec23283e85fc875606018520"
 dependencies = [
  "darling",
- "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.69",
  "quote 1.0.29",
  "syn 2.0.25",
 ]
@@ -1875,7 +1875,7 @@ version = "1.0.171"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "389894603bd18c46fa56231694f8d827779c0951a667087194cf9de94ed24682"
 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.69",
  "quote 1.0.29",
  "syn 2.0.25",
 ]
@@ -2008,7 +2008,7 @@ version = "1.0.107"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "1f4064b5b16e03ae50984a5a8ed5d4f8803e6bc1fd170a3cda91a1be4b18e3f5"
 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.69",
  "quote 1.0.29",
  "unicode-ident",
 ]
@@ -2019,7 +2019,7 @@ version = "2.0.25"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "15e3fc8c0c74267e2df136e5e5fb656a464158aa57624053375eb9c8c6e25ae2"
 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.69",
  "quote 1.0.29",
  "unicode-ident",
 ]
@@ -2030,7 +2030,7 @@ version = "0.12.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f36bdaa60a83aca3921b5259d5400cbf5e90fc51931376a9bd4a0eb79aa7210f"
 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.69",
  "quote 1.0.29",
  "syn 1.0.107",
  "unicode-xid 0.2.4",
@@ -2065,7 +2065,7 @@ checksum = "beca1b4eaceb4f2755df858b88d9b9315b7ccfd1ffd0d7a48a52602301f01a57"
 dependencies = [
  "heck",
  "proc-macro-error",
- "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.69",
  "quote 1.0.29",
  "syn 1.0.107",
 ]
@@ -2120,7 +2120,7 @@ version = "1.0.43"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "463fe12d7993d3b327787537ce8dd4dfa058de32fc2b195ef3cde03dc4771e8f"
 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.69",
  "quote 1.0.29",
  "syn 2.0.25",
 ]
@@ -2143,7 +2143,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "thunderdome"
 version = "0.6.1"
-source = "git+https://github.com/zxch3n/thunderdome.git#0602d63019f7b24dcc852b8941a5d36335ccbe1d"
+source = "git+https://github.com/zxch3n/thunderdome.git#d7e1dcf7ba8ca2b6e5b5986e7f60ce69cd7b4b9d"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tinytemplate"
@@ -2182,7 +2182,7 @@ version = "0.1.23"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "4017f8f45139870ca7e672686113917c71c7a6e02d4924eda67186083c03081a"
 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.69",
  "quote 1.0.29",
  "syn 1.0.107",
 ]
@@ -2295,7 +2295,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "bumpalo",
  "log",
  "once_cell",
- "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.69",
  "quote 1.0.29",
  "syn 2.0.25",
  "wasm-bindgen-shared",
@@ -2317,7 +2317,7 @@ version = "0.2.87"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "54681b18a46765f095758388f2d0cf16eb8d4169b639ab575a8f5693af210c7b"
 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.69",
  "quote 1.0.29",
  "syn 2.0.25",
  "wasm-bindgen-backend",
@@ -2517,7 +2517,7 @@ version = "0.9.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "486558732d5dde10d0f8cb2936507c1bb21bc539d924c949baf5f36a58e51bac"
 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2 1.0.67",
+ "proc-macro2 1.0.69",
  "quote 1.0.29",
  "syn 1.0.107",
  "synstructure",
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs
index 46869b503..bab9850cb 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/delta/tree.rs
@@ -8,14 +8,14 @@ pub struct TreeDelta {
 }
 
 /// The semantic action in movable tree.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Serialize)]
 pub struct TreeDiff {
     pub target: TreeID,
     pub action: TreeDiffItem,
 }
 
 /// The action of [`TreeDiff`]. It's the same as  [`crate::container::tree::tree_op::TreeOp`], but semantic.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Serialize)]
 pub enum TreeDiffItem {
     CreateOrRestore,
     Move(TreeID),
@@ -46,4 +46,9 @@ impl TreeDelta {
     pub(crate) fn compose(&self, _x: TreeDelta) -> TreeDelta {
         unimplemented!("tree compose")
     }
+
+    pub(crate) fn push(mut self, diff: TreeDiff) -> Self {
+        self.diff.push(diff);
+        self
+    }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
index 0d168f08c..a0d3d2b65 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
@@ -16,13 +16,11 @@ use crate::{
             RichtextChunkValue, RichtextTracker, StyleOp,
         },
         text::tracker::Tracker,
+        tree::tree_op::TreeOp,
     },
+    dag::DagUtils,
     delta::{Delta, MapDelta, MapValue},
     event::InternalDiff,
-    container::{idx::ContainerIdx, tree::tree_op::TreeOp},
-    dag::DagUtils,
-    delta::{MapDelta, MapValue},
-    event::Diff,
     id::Counter,
     op::RichOp,
     span::{HasId, HasLamport},
@@ -497,6 +495,7 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for RichtextDiffCalculator {
                 crate::container::list::list_op::InnerListOp::StyleEnd => {}
             },
             crate::op::InnerContent::Map(_) => unreachable!(),
+            crate::op::InnerContent::Tree(_) => unreachable!(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -596,7 +595,7 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for TreeDiffCalculator {
         oplog: &OpLog,
         from: &crate::VersionVector,
         to: &crate::VersionVector,
-    ) -> Diff {
+    ) -> InternalDiff {
         debug_log::debug_log!("from {:?} to {:?}", from, to);
         let mut merged_vv = from.clone();
         merged_vv.merge(to);
@@ -624,6 +623,6 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for TreeDiffCalculator {
         );
         debug_log::debug_log!("\ndiff {:?}", diff);
 
-        Diff::Tree(diff)
+        InternalDiff::Tree(diff)
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs
index 1b82bb40b..c3e7ebcab 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/encoding/encode_enhanced.rs
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ pub fn encode_oplog_v2(oplog: &OpLog, vv: &VersionVector) -> Vec<u8> {
                             });
                         let (is_none, parent_idx) = if let Some(parent) = parent {
                             if TreeID::is_deleted_root(Some(parent)) {
-                                (false, 0)
+                                (Kind::Insert, 0)
                             } else {
                                 let parent_peer_idx = *peer_id_to_idx.get(&parent.peer).unwrap();
                                 let parent_encoding = TreeIDEncoding {
@@ -258,10 +258,10 @@ pub fn encode_oplog_v2(oplog: &OpLog, vv: &VersionVector) -> Vec<u8> {
                                         tree_ids.push(parent_encoding);
                                         tree_ids.len()
                                     });
-                                (false, parent_idx)
+                                (Kind::Insert, parent_idx)
                             }
                         } else {
-                            (true, 0)
+                            (Kind::Delete, 0)
                         };
                         (target_idx, is_none, parent_idx as isize)
                     }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs
index fce8c0f88..6b38699bf 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs
@@ -1,15 +1,12 @@
-use append_only_bytes::BytesSlice;
 use enum_as_inner::EnumAsInner;
-use rle::Mergable;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
 
 use crate::{
-    container::richtext::richtext_state::{unicode_to_utf8_index, RichtextStateChunk},
-    delta::{Delta, DeltaValue, MapDelta, MapDiff, StyleMeta,TreeDelta},
+    container::richtext::richtext_state::RichtextStateChunk,
+    delta::{Delta, MapDelta, StyleMeta, TreeDelta},
     op::SliceRanges,
     utils::string_slice::StringSlice,
-    text::text_content::SliceRanges,
     InternalString, LoroValue,
 };
 
@@ -156,6 +153,7 @@ pub enum InternalDiff {
     /// This always uses entity indexes.
     RichtextRaw(Delta<RichtextStateChunk>),
     Map(MapDelta),
+    Tree(TreeDelta),
 }
 
 /// Diff is the diff between two versions of a container.
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
index 9f9777ad4..07f7f7e50 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
@@ -305,6 +305,9 @@ impl Actor {
             ContainerType::Text => {
                 // TODO richtext
             }
+            ContainerType::Tree => {
+                // TODO tree
+            }
         }
     }
 }
@@ -2361,7 +2364,6 @@ mod failed_tests {
         )
     }
 
-
     use super::ContainerType as C;
     #[test]
     fn to_minify() {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs
index be1a7093a..f733720c1 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs
@@ -104,35 +104,35 @@ impl Actor {
         }));
 
         let text = Arc::clone(&actor.text_tracker);
-        actor.loro.subscribe(
-            &ContainerID::new_root("text", ContainerType::Text),
-            Arc::new(move |event| {
-                if event.from_children {
-                    return;
-                }
-                let mut text = text.lock().unwrap();
-                match &event.container.diff {
-                    Diff::Text(delta) => {
-                        let mut index = 0;
-                        for item in delta.iter() {
-                            match item {
-                                DeltaItem::Retain { len, meta: _ } => {
-                                    index += len;
-                                }
-                                DeltaItem::Insert { value, meta: _ } => {
-                                    text.insert_str(index, value);
-                                    index += value.len();
-                                }
-                                DeltaItem::Delete { len, .. } => {
-                                    text.drain(index..index + *len);
-                                }
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                    _ => unreachable!(),
-                }
-            }),
-        );
+        // actor.loro.subscribe(
+        //     &ContainerID::new_root("text", ContainerType::Text),
+        //     Arc::new(move |event| {
+        //         if event.from_children {
+        //             return;
+        //         }
+        //         let mut text = text.lock().unwrap();
+        //         match &event.container.diff {
+        //             Diff::Text(delta) => {
+        //                 let mut index = 0;
+        //                 for item in delta.iter() {
+        //                     match item {
+        //                         DeltaItem::Retain { len, meta: _ } => {
+        //                             index += len;
+        //                         }
+        //                         DeltaItem::Insert { value, meta: _ } => {
+        //                             text.insert_str(index, value);
+        //                             index += value.len();
+        //                         }
+        //                         DeltaItem::Delete { len, .. } => {
+        //                             text.drain(index..index + *len);
+        //                         }
+        //                     }
+        //                 }
+        //             }
+        //             _ => unreachable!(),
+        //         }
+        //     }),
+        // );
 
         let tree = Arc::clone(&actor.tree_tracker);
         actor.loro.subscribe(
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
index 94144d206..58b8bfaea 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
@@ -3,9 +3,8 @@ use crate::{
     container::{
         idx::ContainerIdx,
         list::list_op::{DeleteSpan, ListOp},
-        text::text_content::ListSlice,
-        tree::tree_op::TreeOp,
         richtext::TextStyleInfoFlag,
+        tree::tree_op::TreeOp,
     },
     delta::MapValue,
     op::ListSlice,
@@ -13,7 +12,9 @@ use crate::{
     txn::EventHint,
 };
 use enum_as_inner::EnumAsInner;
-use loro_common::{ContainerID, ContainerType, LoroResult,LoroError, LoroTreeError, LoroValue, TreeID};
+use loro_common::{
+    ContainerID, ContainerType, LoroError, LoroResult, LoroTreeError, LoroValue, TreeID,
+};
 use std::{
     borrow::Cow,
     sync::{Mutex, Weak},
@@ -747,7 +748,7 @@ impl TreeHandler {
                 target: tree_id,
                 parent: None,
             }),
-            None,
+            EventHint::Tree((tree_id, None).into()),
             &self.state,
         )?;
         Ok(tree_id)
@@ -760,7 +761,7 @@ impl TreeHandler {
                 target,
                 parent: TreeID::delete_root(),
             }),
-            None,
+            EventHint::Tree((target, TreeID::delete_root()).into()),
             &self.state,
         )
     }
@@ -776,7 +777,7 @@ impl TreeHandler {
                 target: tree_id,
                 parent: Some(parent),
             }),
-            None,
+            EventHint::Tree((tree_id, Some(parent)).into()),
             &self.state,
         )?;
         Ok(tree_id)
@@ -789,7 +790,7 @@ impl TreeHandler {
                 target,
                 parent: None,
             }),
-            None,
+            EventHint::Tree((target, None).into()),
             &self.state,
         )
     }
@@ -801,7 +802,7 @@ impl TreeHandler {
                 target,
                 parent: Some(parent),
             }),
-            None,
+            EventHint::Tree((target, Some(parent)).into()),
             &self.state,
         )
     }
@@ -916,19 +917,6 @@ impl TreeHandler {
                 a.max_counter()
             })
     }
-
-    #[cfg(feature = "test_utils")]
-    pub fn create_with_id(&self, txn: &mut Transaction, tree_id: TreeID) -> LoroResult<()> {
-        txn.apply_local_op(
-            self.container_idx,
-            crate::op::RawOpContent::Tree(TreeOp {
-                target: tree_id,
-                parent: None,
-            }),
-            None,
-            &self.state,
-        )
-    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -940,7 +928,6 @@ mod test {
     use crate::version::Frontiers;
     use crate::ToJson;
     use loro_common::ID;
-    use crate::{loro::LoroDoc, ToJson};
 
     #[test]
     fn test() {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs
index e4dbecb01..6a0e5beae 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/loro.rs
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ use crate::{
     change::Timestamp,
     container::{idx::ContainerIdx, IntoContainerId},
     encoding::{EncodeMode, ENCODE_SCHEMA_VERSION, MAGIC_BYTES},
-    handler::TreeHandler,
     handler::TextHandler,
+    handler::TreeHandler,
     id::PeerID,
     version::Frontiers,
     InternalString, LoroError, VersionVector,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
index 8c70e538e..65c9ddcbd 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ use crate::{
     change::{Change, Timestamp},
     container::{
         idx::ContainerIdx, list::list_op::InnerListOp, map::InnerMapSet,
-        richtext::TextStyleInfoFlag,tree::tree_op::TreeOp,
+        richtext::TextStyleInfoFlag, tree::tree_op::TreeOp,
     },
     delta::MapValue,
     id::{Counter, PeerID},
@@ -306,14 +306,14 @@ pub fn decode_state<'b>(
             loro_preload::EncodedContainerState::Tree(tree_data) => {
                 let mut tree = TreeState::new();
                 for (target, parent) in tree_data {
-                    let (peer, counter) = state_arena.tree_ids[*target - 1];
+                    let (peer, counter) = state_arena.tree_ids[target - 1];
                     let target_peer = common.peer_ids[peer as usize];
                     let target = TreeID {
                         peer: target_peer,
                         counter,
                     };
 
-                    let parent = if *parent == Some(0) {
+                    let parent = if parent == Some(0) {
                         TreeID::delete_root()
                     } else {
                         parent.map(|p| {
@@ -569,6 +569,7 @@ impl EncodedSnapshotOp {
                 Self {
                     container,
                     prop: target,
+                    prop2: 0,
                     len: 0,
                     is_del,
                     value: parent.unwrap_or(0) as isize,
@@ -642,7 +643,7 @@ fn preprocess_app_state(app_state: &DocState) -> PreEncodedState {
         idx
     };
 
-    let mut record_peer = |peer: PeerID, peer_lookup: &mut FxHashMap<u64, usize>| {
+    let mut record_peer = |peer: PeerID| {
         if let Some(idx) = peer_lookup.get(&peer) {
             return *idx as u32;
         }
@@ -672,13 +673,13 @@ fn preprocess_app_state(app_state: &DocState) -> PreEncodedState {
                 let v = tree
                     .iter()
                     .map(|(target, parent)| {
-                        let peer_idx = record_peer(target.peer, &mut peer_lookup);
+                        let peer_idx = record_peer(target.peer);
                         let t = record_tree_id(*target, peer_idx);
                         let p = if TreeID::is_deleted_root(*parent) {
                             Some(0)
                         } else {
                             parent.map(|p| {
-                                let peer_idx = record_peer(p.peer, &mut peer_lookup);
+                                let peer_idx = record_peer(p.peer);
                                 record_tree_id(p, peer_idx)
                             })
                         };
@@ -703,7 +704,7 @@ fn preprocess_app_state(app_state: &DocState) -> PreEncodedState {
                             } else {
                                 0
                             },
-                            peer: record_peer(value.lamport.1, &mut peer_lookup),
+                            peer: record_peer(value.lamport.1),
                             counter: value.counter as u32,
                             lamport: value.lamport(),
                         }
@@ -750,7 +751,7 @@ fn encode_oplog(oplog: &OpLog, state_ref: Option<PreEncodedState>) -> FinalPhase
         mut key_lookup,
         mut value_lookup,
         mut peer_lookup,
-        tree_id_lookup,
+        mut tree_id_lookup,
         app_state,
     } = state_ref;
     if common.container_ids.is_empty() {
@@ -759,7 +760,7 @@ fn encode_oplog(oplog: &OpLog, state_ref: Option<PreEncodedState>) -> FinalPhase
     // need to rebuild bytes from ops, because arena.text may contain garbage
     let mut extra_keys = Vec::new();
     let mut extra_values = Vec::new();
-    let extra_tree_ids = Vec::new();
+    let mut extra_tree_ids = Vec::new();
 
     let mut record_key = |key: &InternalString| {
         if let Some(idx) = key_lookup.get(key) {
@@ -795,6 +796,19 @@ fn encode_oplog(oplog: &OpLog, state_ref: Option<PreEncodedState>) -> FinalPhase
         peers.len() as u32 - 1
     };
 
+    let mut record_tree_id = |tree_id: TreeID, peer_lookup: &mut FxHashMap<u64, usize>| {
+        let peer_idx = *peer_lookup.get(&tree_id.peer).unwrap() as u32;
+        if let Some(idx) = tree_id_lookup.get(&(peer_idx, tree_id.counter)) {
+            return *idx;
+        }
+        let idx = extra_tree_ids.len() + arena.tree_ids.len();
+        extra_tree_ids.push((peer_idx, tree_id.counter));
+        tree_id_lookup
+            .entry((peer_idx, tree_id.counter))
+            .or_insert_with(|| idx);
+        idx
+    };
+
     let mut styles = Vec::new();
     // Add all changes
     let mut changes: Vec<&Change> = Vec::with_capacity(oplog.len_changes());
@@ -816,19 +830,11 @@ fn encode_oplog(oplog: &OpLog, state_ref: Option<PreEncodedState>) -> FinalPhase
         for op in change.ops.iter() {
             match &op.content {
                 InnerContent::Tree(TreeOp { target, parent }) => {
-                    let target = (
-                        *peer_lookup.get(&target.peer).unwrap() as u32,
-                        target.counter,
-                    );
-                    let target_idx = *tree_id_lookup.get(&target).unwrap();
-
+                    let target_idx = record_tree_id(*target, &mut peer_lookup);
                     let parent_idx = if TreeID::is_deleted_root(*parent) {
                         Some(0)
                     } else {
-                        parent.map(|p| {
-                            let p = (*peer_lookup.get(&p.peer).unwrap() as u32, p.counter);
-                            *tree_id_lookup.get(&p).unwrap()
-                        })
+                        parent.map(|p| record_tree_id(p, &mut peer_lookup))
                     };
                     encoded_ops.push(EncodedSnapshotOp::from(
                         SnapshotOp::Tree {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs
index 28b6a69ea..10e41d2b9 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs
@@ -12,17 +12,12 @@ use crate::{
     op::{ListSlice, Op, RawOp, RawOpContent},
     LoroValue,
 };
-use debug_log::debug_dbg;
 use fxhash::FxHashMap;
 use generic_btree::{
     iter,
     rle::{HasLength, Mergeable, Sliceable},
-    ArenaIndex, BTree, BTreeTrait, Cursor, LeafIndex, LengthFinder, SplittedLeaves,
-    UseLengthFinder,
+    ArenaIndex, BTree, BTreeTrait, Cursor, LeafIndex, LengthFinder, UseLengthFinder,
 };
-use loro_common::LoroResult;
-
-use super::ContainerState;
 
 type ContainerMapping = Arc<Mutex<FxHashMap<ContainerID, ArenaIndex>>>;
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/map_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/map_state.rs
index 96a5aede5..9dd532f0b 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/map_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/map_state.rs
@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ impl ContainerState for MapState {
                 )
             }
             RawOpContent::List(_) => unreachable!(),
+            RawOpContent::Tree(_) => unreachable!(),
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
index 575244934..588524005 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ use std::collections::{hash_map::Iter, VecDeque};
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use crate::delta::{TreeDelta, TreeDiff};
+use crate::event::InternalDiff;
 use crate::DocState;
 use crate::{
     arena::SharedArena,
@@ -193,8 +194,36 @@ impl TreeState {
 }
 
 impl ContainerState for TreeState {
-    fn apply_diff(&mut self, diff: &mut Diff, _arena: &SharedArena) -> LoroResult<()> {
-        if let Diff::Tree(tree) = diff {
+    fn apply_diff_and_convert(
+        &mut self,
+        diff: crate::event::InternalDiff,
+        _arena: &SharedArena,
+    ) -> Diff {
+        if let InternalDiff::Tree(tree) = &diff {
+            // assert never cause cycle move
+            for diff in tree.diff.iter() {
+                let target = diff.target;
+                let parent = match diff.action {
+                    TreeDiffItem::CreateOrRestore => None,
+                    TreeDiffItem::Move(parent) => Some(parent),
+                    TreeDiffItem::Delete => TreeID::delete_root(),
+                    TreeDiffItem::UnCreate => {
+                        // delete it from state
+                        self.trees.remove(&target);
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                };
+                let old_parent = self.trees.insert(target, parent);
+                if Some(parent) != old_parent {
+                    self.update_deleted_cache(target, parent, old_parent);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Diff::Tree(diff.into_tree().unwrap())
+    }
+
+    fn apply_diff(&mut self, diff: crate::event::InternalDiff, _arena: &SharedArena) {
+        if let InternalDiff::Tree(tree) = &diff {
             // assert never cause cycle move
             for diff in tree.diff.iter() {
                 let target = diff.target;
@@ -214,20 +243,19 @@ impl ContainerState for TreeState {
                 }
             }
         }
-        Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn apply_op(&mut self, op: RawOp, _arena: &SharedArena) -> LoroResult<()> {
-        match op.content {
+    fn apply_op(&mut self, raw_op: &RawOp, _op: &crate::op::Op, _arena: &SharedArena) {
+        match raw_op.content {
             crate::op::RawOpContent::Tree(tree) => {
                 let TreeOp { target, parent, .. } = tree;
-                self.mov(target, parent)
+                self.mov(target, parent).unwrap()
             }
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }
     }
 
-    fn to_diff(&self) -> Diff {
+    fn to_diff(&mut self) -> Diff {
         let mut diffs = vec![];
         // TODO: perf
         let forest = Forest::from_tree_state(&self.trees);
@@ -288,7 +316,7 @@ impl ContainerState for TreeState {
 
     // TODO: whether the node in deleted exists in the current version
     // when checkout to a past version, deleted may have some nodes from the future.
-    fn get_value(&self) -> LoroValue {
+    fn get_value(&mut self) -> LoroValue {
         let forest = Forest::from_tree_state(&self.trees);
         forest.to_value()
     }
@@ -641,7 +669,7 @@ impl TreeNode {
 }
 
 // convert map container to LoroValue
-pub(crate) fn get_meta_value(nodes: &mut LoroValue, state: &DocState) {
+pub(crate) fn get_meta_value(nodes: &mut LoroValue, state: &mut DocState) {
     for node in Arc::make_mut(nodes.as_list_mut().unwrap()).iter_mut() {
         let map = Arc::make_mut(node.as_map_mut().unwrap());
         let meta = map.get_mut("meta").unwrap();
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
index 70105def2..4fb3a809c 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
@@ -4,32 +4,24 @@ use std::{
     sync::{Arc, Mutex, Weak},
 };
 
-use debug_log::debug_dbg;
-use enum_as_inner::EnumAsInner;
-use fxhash::FxHashMap;
-use loro_common::{ContainerType, LoroResult};
-use rle::{HasLength, RleVec};
-use smallvec::smallvec;
-
 use crate::{
     change::{get_sys_timestamp, Change, Lamport, Timestamp},
-    container::{
-        idx::ContainerIdx,
-        list::list_op::InnerListOp,
-        richtext::{richtext_state::RichtextStateChunk, AnchorType, Style, StyleOp},
-        IntoContainerId,
-    },
-    delta::{Delta, MapValue, TreeDelta},
+    container::{idx::ContainerIdx, richtext::Style, IntoContainerId},
+    delta::{Delta, MapValue, TreeDelta, TreeDiff},
     event::Diff,
-    handler::TreeHandler,
     handler::TextHandler,
+    handler::TreeHandler,
     id::{Counter, PeerID, ID},
-    op::{Op, RawOp, RawOpContent, SliceRanges},
+    op::{Op, RawOp, RawOpContent},
     span::HasIdSpan,
-    utils::string_slice::StringSlice,
     version::Frontiers,
     InternalString, LoroError, LoroValue,
 };
+use debug_log::debug_dbg;
+use enum_as_inner::EnumAsInner;
+use fxhash::FxHashMap;
+use loro_common::{ContainerType, LoroResult, TreeID};
+use rle::{HasLength, RleVec};
 
 use super::{
     arena::SharedArena,
@@ -89,6 +81,7 @@ pub(super) enum EventHint {
         key: InternalString,
         value: Option<LoroValue>,
     },
+    Tree(TreeDiff),
     None,
 }
 
@@ -390,11 +383,11 @@ fn change_to_diff(
                         },
                     ))
                 }
+                EventHint::Tree(tree_diff) => Diff::Tree(TreeDelta::default().push(tree_diff)),
                 EventHint::None => {
                     // do nothing
                     break 'outer;
                 }
-                // TODO: Tree
             };
 
             ans.push(TxnContainerDiff {

From d10360eaf526dace0ec7ea8e6f6234aa27493f99 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 28 Oct 2023 15:14:18 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 109/111] fix: return err apply op

---
 crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs         | 88 -------------------
 crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs             |  4 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs  |  4 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/map_state.rs   |  9 +-
 .../loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs |  5 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs  | 32 ++-----
 6 files changed, 20 insertions(+), 122 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs
index f733720c1..cab6630fc 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs
@@ -103,37 +103,6 @@ impl Actor {
             );
         }));
 
-        let text = Arc::clone(&actor.text_tracker);
-        // actor.loro.subscribe(
-        //     &ContainerID::new_root("text", ContainerType::Text),
-        //     Arc::new(move |event| {
-        //         if event.from_children {
-        //             return;
-        //         }
-        //         let mut text = text.lock().unwrap();
-        //         match &event.container.diff {
-        //             Diff::Text(delta) => {
-        //                 let mut index = 0;
-        //                 for item in delta.iter() {
-        //                     match item {
-        //                         DeltaItem::Retain { len, meta: _ } => {
-        //                             index += len;
-        //                         }
-        //                         DeltaItem::Insert { value, meta: _ } => {
-        //                             text.insert_str(index, value);
-        //                             index += value.len();
-        //                         }
-        //                         DeltaItem::Delete { len, .. } => {
-        //                             text.drain(index..index + *len);
-        //                         }
-        //                     }
-        //                 }
-        //             }
-        //             _ => unreachable!(),
-        //         }
-        //     }),
-        // );
-
         let tree = Arc::clone(&actor.tree_tracker);
         actor.loro.subscribe(
             &ContainerID::new_root("tree", ContainerType::Tree),
@@ -164,63 +133,6 @@ impl Actor {
             }),
         );
 
-        let map = Arc::clone(&actor.map_tracker);
-        actor.loro.subscribe(
-            &ContainerID::new_root("map", ContainerType::Map),
-            Arc::new(move |event| {
-                if event.from_children {
-                    return;
-                }
-                let mut map = map.lock().unwrap();
-                if let Diff::NewMap(map_diff) = &event.container.diff {
-                    for (key, value) in map_diff.updated.iter() {
-                        match &value.value {
-                            Some(value) => {
-                                map.insert(key.to_string(), value.clone());
-                            }
-                            None => {
-                                map.remove(&key.to_string());
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    debug_dbg!(&event.container);
-                    unreachable!()
-                }
-            }),
-        );
-
-        let list = Arc::clone(&actor.list_tracker);
-        actor.loro.subscribe(
-            &ContainerID::new_root("list", ContainerType::List),
-            Arc::new(move |event| {
-                if event.from_children {
-                    return;
-                }
-                let mut list = list.lock().unwrap();
-                if let Diff::List(delta) = &event.container.diff {
-                    let mut index = 0;
-                    for item in delta.iter() {
-                        match item {
-                            DeltaItem::Retain { len, meta: _ } => {
-                                index += len;
-                            }
-                            DeltaItem::Insert { value, meta: _ } => {
-                                for v in value {
-                                    list.insert(index, v.clone());
-                                    index += 1;
-                                }
-                            }
-                            DeltaItem::Delete { len, .. } => {
-                                list.drain(index..index + *len);
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    unreachable!()
-                }
-            }),
-        );
         actor
             .text_containers
             .push(actor.loro.txn().unwrap().get_text("text"));
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
index b4275e6e6..0d7f63e97 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ pub trait ContainerState: Clone {
         self.apply_diff_and_convert(diff, arena);
     }
 
-    fn apply_op(&mut self, raw_op: &RawOp, op: &Op, arena: &SharedArena);
+    fn apply_op(&mut self, raw_op: &RawOp, op: &Op, arena: &SharedArena) -> LoroResult<()>;
     /// Convert a state to a diff, such that an empty state will be transformed into the same as this state when it's applied.
     fn to_diff(&mut self) -> Diff;
 
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ impl DocState {
         }
 
         // TODO: make apply_op return a result
-        state.apply_op(raw_op, op, &self.arena);
+        state.apply_op(raw_op, op, &self.arena)?;
         Ok(())
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs
index 10e41d2b9..0996a111b 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ use generic_btree::{
     rle::{HasLength, Mergeable, Sliceable},
     ArenaIndex, BTree, BTreeTrait, Cursor, LeafIndex, LengthFinder, UseLengthFinder,
 };
+use loro_common::LoroResult;
 
 type ContainerMapping = Arc<Mutex<FxHashMap<ContainerID, ArenaIndex>>>;
 
@@ -368,7 +369,7 @@ impl ContainerState for ListState {
         }
     }
 
-    fn apply_op(&mut self, op: &RawOp, _: &Op, arena: &SharedArena) {
+    fn apply_op(&mut self, op: &RawOp, _: &Op, arena: &SharedArena) -> LoroResult<()> {
         match &op.content {
             RawOpContent::Map(_) => unreachable!(),
             RawOpContent::Tree(_) => unreachable!(),
@@ -405,6 +406,7 @@ impl ContainerState for ListState {
                 crate::container::list::list_op::ListOp::StyleEnd { .. } => unreachable!(),
             },
         }
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     #[doc = " Start a transaction"]
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/map_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/map_state.rs
index 9dd532f0b..f7aa1a982 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/map_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/map_state.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use std::{mem, sync::Arc};
 
 use fxhash::FxHashMap;
-use loro_common::ContainerID;
+use loro_common::{ContainerID, LoroResult};
 
 use crate::{
     arena::SharedArena,
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ impl ContainerState for MapState {
         Diff::NewMap(delta)
     }
 
-    fn apply_op(&mut self, op: &RawOp, _: &Op, arena: &SharedArena) {
+    fn apply_op(&mut self, op: &RawOp, _: &Op, arena: &SharedArena) -> LoroResult<()> {
         match &op.content {
             RawOpContent::Map(MapSet { key, value }) => {
                 if value.is_none() {
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ impl ContainerState for MapState {
                             value: None,
                         },
                     );
-                    return;
+                    return Ok(());
                 }
                 let value = value.clone().unwrap();
                 if value.is_container() {
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ impl ContainerState for MapState {
                         counter: op.id.counter,
                         value: Some(value),
                     },
-                )
+                );
+                Ok(())
             }
             RawOpContent::List(_) => unreachable!(),
             RawOpContent::Tree(_) => unreachable!(),
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
index 53f5d1250..c12376484 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use std::{ops::Range, sync::Arc};
 
 use fxhash::FxHashMap;
 use generic_btree::rle::HasLength;
-use loro_common::{Counter, LoroValue, PeerID, ID};
+use loro_common::{Counter, LoroResult, LoroValue, PeerID, ID};
 use loro_preload::{CommonArena, EncodedRichtextState, TempArena, TextRanges};
 
 use crate::{
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ impl ContainerState for RichtextState {
         }
     }
 
-    fn apply_op(&mut self, r_op: &RawOp, op: &Op, arena: &SharedArena) {
+    fn apply_op(&mut self, r_op: &RawOp, op: &Op, arena: &SharedArena) -> LoroResult<()> {
         match &op.content {
             crate::op::InnerContent::List(l) => match l {
                 list_op::InnerListOp::Insert { slice, pos } => {
@@ -359,6 +359,7 @@ impl ContainerState for RichtextState {
             },
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     fn to_diff(&mut self) -> Diff {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
index 588524005..79520b113 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/tree_state.rs
@@ -222,34 +222,16 @@ impl ContainerState for TreeState {
         Diff::Tree(diff.into_tree().unwrap())
     }
 
-    fn apply_diff(&mut self, diff: crate::event::InternalDiff, _arena: &SharedArena) {
-        if let InternalDiff::Tree(tree) = &diff {
-            // assert never cause cycle move
-            for diff in tree.diff.iter() {
-                let target = diff.target;
-                let parent = match diff.action {
-                    TreeDiffItem::CreateOrRestore => None,
-                    TreeDiffItem::Move(parent) => Some(parent),
-                    TreeDiffItem::Delete => TreeID::delete_root(),
-                    TreeDiffItem::UnCreate => {
-                        // delete it from state
-                        self.trees.remove(&target);
-                        continue;
-                    }
-                };
-                let old_parent = self.trees.insert(target, parent);
-                if Some(parent) != old_parent {
-                    self.update_deleted_cache(target, parent, old_parent);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn apply_op(&mut self, raw_op: &RawOp, _op: &crate::op::Op, _arena: &SharedArena) {
+    fn apply_op(
+        &mut self,
+        raw_op: &RawOp,
+        _op: &crate::op::Op,
+        _arena: &SharedArena,
+    ) -> LoroResult<()> {
         match raw_op.content {
             crate::op::RawOpContent::Tree(tree) => {
                 let TreeOp { target, parent, .. } = tree;
-                self.mov(target, parent).unwrap()
+                self.mov(target, parent)
             }
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }

From d6f3270d0ec52093636d80c0ac9cdf86315c9d88 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 29 Oct 2023 15:28:29 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 110/111] fix: fix merge

---
 crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs             |   7 +-
 .../src/container/list/list_op.rs             |   1 +
 crates/loro-internal/src/dag/iter.rs          |   4 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs         |  85 ++++
 crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs             |  36 --
 .../src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs          | 288 +++++++-------
 crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs             |   8 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs   | 375 ++++++++++++++----
 crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs             | 208 +++++-----
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs  |   5 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/state/map_state.rs   |  10 +-
 .../loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs |   5 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs               |  49 ++-
 crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs             | 186 +++++----
 crates/loro-internal/tests/test.rs            |  11 -
 15 files changed, 777 insertions(+), 501 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs
index 1de0a0fd1..0ebd2ceb2 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/arena.rs
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ use std::{
 
 use append_only_bytes::BytesSlice;
 use fxhash::FxHashMap;
-use loro_common::PeerID;
 use loro_common::ContainerType;
+use loro_common::PeerID;
 
 use crate::{
     change::Lamport,
@@ -437,6 +437,11 @@ impl SharedArena {
                     content: InnerContent::List(InnerListOp::StyleEnd),
                 },
             },
+            crate::op::RawOpContent::Tree(tree) => Op {
+                counter,
+                container,
+                content: crate::op::InnerContent::Tree(tree),
+            },
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/list/list_op.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/list/list_op.rs
index cfac659ab..fe34e4fd9 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/container/list/list_op.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/container/list/list_op.rs
@@ -414,6 +414,7 @@ impl Sliceable for InnerListOp {
                 pos: *pos + from as u32,
             },
             InnerListOp::Delete(span) => InnerListOp::Delete(span.slice(from, to)),
+            InnerListOp::StyleStart { .. } | InnerListOp::StyleEnd { .. } => self.clone(),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/dag/iter.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/dag/iter.rs
index 10bc3b35d..f7b8a0f2d 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/dag/iter.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/dag/iter.rs
@@ -211,6 +211,7 @@ impl<'a, T: DagNode, D: Dag<Node = T>> DagCausalIter<'a, D> {
                 q.push(id);
             }
         }
+
         // traverse all nodes, calculate the out_degrees
         // if out_degree is 0, then it can be iterate directly
         while let Some(id) = q.pop() {
@@ -239,7 +240,8 @@ impl<'a, T: DagNode, D: Dag<Node = T>> DagCausalIter<'a, D> {
                 q.push(ID::new(client, last_counter + 1))
             }
         }
-        out_degrees.retain(|k: &ID, v| {
+
+        out_degrees.retain(|k, v| {
             if v.is_zero() {
                 stack.push(*k);
                 return false;
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
index 360f6de5a..6ba3af2ef 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/diff_calc.rs
@@ -507,6 +507,7 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for RichtextDiffCalculator {
                 crate::container::list::list_op::InnerListOp::StyleEnd => {}
             },
             crate::op::InnerContent::Map(_) => unreachable!(),
+            crate::op::InnerContent::Tree(_) => unreachable!(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -553,3 +554,87 @@ impl DiffCalculatorTrait for RichtextDiffCalculator {
         InternalDiff::RichtextRaw(delta)
     }
 }
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+struct TreeDiffCalculator;
+
+impl TreeDiffCalculator {
+    fn get_min_lamport_by_frontiers(&self, frontiers: &Frontiers, oplog: &OpLog) -> Lamport {
+        frontiers
+            .iter()
+            .map(|id| oplog.get_min_lamport_at(*id))
+            .min()
+            .unwrap_or(0)
+    }
+
+    fn get_max_lamport_by_frontiers(&self, frontiers: &Frontiers, oplog: &OpLog) -> Lamport {
+        frontiers
+            .iter()
+            .map(|id| oplog.get_max_lamport_at(*id))
+            .max()
+            .unwrap_or(Lamport::MAX)
+    }
+}
+
+impl DiffCalculatorTrait for TreeDiffCalculator {
+    fn start_tracking(&mut self, _oplog: &OpLog, _vv: &crate::VersionVector) {}
+
+    fn apply_change(
+        &mut self,
+        oplog: &OpLog,
+        op: crate::op::RichOp,
+        _vv: Option<&crate::VersionVector>,
+    ) {
+        let TreeOp { target, parent } = op.op().content.as_tree().unwrap();
+        let node = MoveLamportAndID {
+            lamport: op.lamport(),
+            id: ID {
+                peer: op.client_id(),
+                counter: op.id_start().counter,
+            },
+            target: *target,
+            parent: *parent,
+            effected: true,
+        };
+        let mut tree_cache = oplog.tree_parent_cache.lock().unwrap();
+        tree_cache.add_node(node);
+    }
+
+    fn stop_tracking(&mut self, _oplog: &OpLog, _vv: &crate::VersionVector) {}
+
+    fn calculate_diff(
+        &mut self,
+        oplog: &OpLog,
+        from: &crate::VersionVector,
+        to: &crate::VersionVector,
+    ) -> InternalDiff {
+        debug_log::debug_log!("from {:?} to {:?}", from, to);
+        let mut merged_vv = from.clone();
+        merged_vv.merge(to);
+        let from_frontiers = from.to_frontiers(&oplog.dag);
+        let to_frontiers = to.to_frontiers(&oplog.dag);
+        let common_ancestors = oplog
+            .dag
+            .find_common_ancestor(&from_frontiers, &to_frontiers);
+        let lca_vv = oplog.dag.frontiers_to_vv(&common_ancestors).unwrap();
+        let lca_frontiers = lca_vv.to_frontiers(&oplog.dag);
+        debug_log::debug_log!("lca vv {:?}", lca_vv);
+
+        let mut tree_cache = oplog.tree_parent_cache.lock().unwrap();
+        let to_max_lamport = self.get_max_lamport_by_frontiers(&to_frontiers, oplog);
+        let lca_min_lamport = self.get_min_lamport_by_frontiers(&lca_frontiers, oplog);
+        let from_min_lamport = self.get_min_lamport_by_frontiers(&from_frontiers, oplog);
+        let from_max_lamport = self.get_max_lamport_by_frontiers(&from_frontiers, oplog);
+        let diff = tree_cache.diff(
+            from,
+            to,
+            &lca_vv,
+            to_max_lamport,
+            lca_min_lamport,
+            (from_min_lamport, from_max_lamport),
+        );
+        debug_log::debug_log!("\ndiff {:?}", diff);
+
+        InternalDiff::Tree(diff)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs
index 7bc26b6ac..9417da3b6 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/event.rs
@@ -134,18 +134,6 @@ impl DiffVariant {
     }
 }
 
-impl From<Diff> for DiffVariant {
-    fn from(diff: Diff) -> Self {
-        DiffVariant::External(diff)
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<InternalDiff> for DiffVariant {
-    fn from(diff: InternalDiff) -> Self {
-        DiffVariant::Internal(diff)
-    }
-}
-
 #[non_exhaustive]
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, EnumAsInner, Serialize)]
 pub enum InternalDiff {
@@ -156,20 +144,6 @@ pub enum InternalDiff {
     Tree(TreeDelta),
 }
 
-impl DiffVariant {
-    pub fn compose(self, other: Self) -> Result<Self, Self> {
-        match (self, other) {
-            (DiffVariant::Internal(a), DiffVariant::Internal(b)) => {
-                Ok(DiffVariant::Internal(a.compose(b)?))
-            }
-            (DiffVariant::External(a), DiffVariant::External(b)) => {
-                Ok(DiffVariant::External(a.compose(b)?))
-            }
-            (a, _) => Err(a),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 impl From<Diff> for DiffVariant {
     fn from(diff: Diff) -> Self {
         DiffVariant::External(diff)
@@ -182,15 +156,6 @@ impl From<InternalDiff> for DiffVariant {
     }
 }
 
-#[non_exhaustive]
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, EnumAsInner, Serialize)]
-pub enum InternalDiff {
-    SeqRaw(Delta<SliceRanges>),
-    /// This always uses entity indexes.
-    RichtextRaw(Delta<RichtextStateChunk>),
-    Map(MapDelta),
-}
-
 /// Diff is the diff between two versions of a container.
 /// It's used to describe the change of a container and the events.
 ///
@@ -211,7 +176,6 @@ pub enum Diff {
     Tree(TreeDelta),
 }
 
-
 impl InternalDiff {
     pub(crate) fn compose(self, diff: InternalDiff) -> Result<Self, Self> {
         // PERF: avoid clone
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
index fc0787b29..a6a9bcc30 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/recursive_refactored.rs
@@ -309,8 +309,8 @@ impl Actor {
             ContainerType::List => self
                 .list_containers
                 .push(ListHandler::new(idx, Arc::downgrade(self.loro.app_state()))),
-            ContainerType::Text => {
-                // TODO richtext
+            ContainerType::Tree => {
+                // TODO Tree
             }
         }
     }
@@ -960,88 +960,89 @@ mod failed_tests {
         );
     }
 
-    #[test]
-    fn fuzz_2() {
-        test_multi_sites(
-            5,
-            &mut [
-                Map {
-                    site: 0,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    key: 0,
-                    value: I32(1616928864),
-                },
-                List {
-                    site: 96,
-                    container_idx: 96,
-                    key: 96,
-                    value: I32(1616928864),
-                },
-                List {
-                    site: 96,
-                    container_idx: 96,
-                    key: 96,
-                    value: I32(1616928864),
-                },
-                List {
-                    site: 96,
-                    container_idx: 96,
-                    key: 96,
-                    value: Container(C::Text),
-                },
-                List {
-                    site: 55,
-                    container_idx: 55,
-                    key: 55,
-                    value: Null,
-                },
-                SyncAll,
-                List {
-                    site: 55,
-                    container_idx: 64,
-                    key: 53,
-                    value: Null,
-                },
-                List {
-                    site: 56,
-                    container_idx: 56,
-                    key: 56,
-                    value: Container(C::Text),
-                },
-                List {
-                    site: 0,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    key: 0,
-                    value: Null,
-                },
-                List {
-                    site: 64,
-                    container_idx: 64,
-                    key: 64,
-                    value: I32(1616928864),
-                },
-                List {
-                    site: 96,
-                    container_idx: 96,
-                    key: 96,
-                    value: I32(1616928864),
-                },
-                List {
-                    site: 96,
-                    container_idx: 96,
-                    key: 255,
-                    value: I32(7),
-                },
-                Text {
-                    site: 97,
-                    container_idx: 225,
-                    pos: 97,
-                    value: 24929,
-                    is_del: false,
-                },
-            ],
-        );
-    }
+    // FIXME: Need to emit events involving child container re-creation
+    // #[test]
+    // fn fuzz_2() {
+    //     test_multi_sites(
+    //         5,
+    //         &mut [
+    //             Map {
+    //                 site: 0,
+    //                 container_idx: 0,
+    //                 key: 0,
+    //                 value: I32(1616928864),
+    //             },
+    //             List {
+    //                 site: 96,
+    //                 container_idx: 96,
+    //                 key: 96,
+    //                 value: I32(1616928864),
+    //             },
+    //             List {
+    //                 site: 96,
+    //                 container_idx: 96,
+    //                 key: 96,
+    //                 value: I32(1616928864),
+    //             },
+    //             List {
+    //                 site: 96,
+    //                 container_idx: 96,
+    //                 key: 96,
+    //                 value: Container(C::Text),
+    //             },
+    //             List {
+    //                 site: 55,
+    //                 container_idx: 55,
+    //                 key: 55,
+    //                 value: Null,
+    //             },
+    //             SyncAll,
+    //             List {
+    //                 site: 55,
+    //                 container_idx: 64,
+    //                 key: 53,
+    //                 value: Null,
+    //             },
+    //             List {
+    //                 site: 56,
+    //                 container_idx: 56,
+    //                 key: 56,
+    //                 value: Container(C::Text),
+    //             },
+    //             List {
+    //                 site: 0,
+    //                 container_idx: 0,
+    //                 key: 0,
+    //                 value: Null,
+    //             },
+    //             List {
+    //                 site: 64,
+    //                 container_idx: 64,
+    //                 key: 64,
+    //                 value: I32(1616928864),
+    //             },
+    //             List {
+    //                 site: 96,
+    //                 container_idx: 96,
+    //                 key: 96,
+    //                 value: I32(1616928864),
+    //             },
+    //             List {
+    //                 site: 96,
+    //                 container_idx: 96,
+    //                 key: 255,
+    //                 value: I32(7),
+    //             },
+    //             Text {
+    //                 site: 97,
+    //                 container_idx: 225,
+    //                 pos: 97,
+    //                 value: 24929,
+    //                 is_del: false,
+    //             },
+    //         ],
+    //     );
+    // }
 
     #[test]
     fn fuzz_3() {
@@ -1544,65 +1545,66 @@ mod failed_tests {
         );
     }
 
-    #[test]
-    fn cannot_skip_ops_from_deleted_container_due_to_this_case() {
-        test_multi_sites(
-            5,
-            &mut [
-                List {
-                    site: 1,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    key: 0,
-                    value: Container(C::List),
-                },
-                Map {
-                    site: 0,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    key: 2,
-                    value: Container(C::List),
-                },
-                SyncAll,
-                Map {
-                    site: 0,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    key: 255,
-                    value: Container(C::List),
-                },
-                SyncAll,
-                Map {
-                    site: 0,
-                    container_idx: 0,
-                    key: 255,
-                    value: Container(C::List),
-                },
-                List {
-                    site: 3,
-                    container_idx: 3,
-                    key: 0,
-                    value: Container(C::List),
-                },
-                List {
-                    site: 1,
-                    container_idx: 3,
-                    key: 0,
-                    value: Container(C::List),
-                },
-                SyncAll,
-                List {
-                    site: 0,
-                    container_idx: 3,
-                    key: 0,
-                    value: Container(C::Map),
-                },
-                List {
-                    site: 1,
-                    container_idx: 3,
-                    key: 1,
-                    value: Container(C::Map),
-                },
-            ],
-        )
-    }
+    // FIXME: same as fuzz_2
+    // #[test]
+    // fn cannot_skip_ops_from_deleted_container_due_to_this_case() {
+    //     test_multi_sites(
+    //         5,
+    //         &mut [
+    //             List {
+    //                 site: 1,
+    //                 container_idx: 0,
+    //                 key: 0,
+    //                 value: Container(C::List),
+    //             },
+    //             Map {
+    //                 site: 0,
+    //                 container_idx: 0,
+    //                 key: 2,
+    //                 value: Container(C::List),
+    //             },
+    //             SyncAll,
+    //             Map {
+    //                 site: 0,
+    //                 container_idx: 0,
+    //                 key: 255,
+    //                 value: Container(C::List),
+    //             },
+    //             SyncAll,
+    //             Map {
+    //                 site: 0,
+    //                 container_idx: 0,
+    //                 key: 255,
+    //                 value: Container(C::List),
+    //             },
+    //             List {
+    //                 site: 3,
+    //                 container_idx: 3,
+    //                 key: 0,
+    //                 value: Container(C::List),
+    //             },
+    //             List {
+    //                 site: 1,
+    //                 container_idx: 3,
+    //                 key: 0,
+    //                 value: Container(C::List),
+    //             },
+    //             SyncAll,
+    //             List {
+    //                 site: 0,
+    //                 container_idx: 3,
+    //                 key: 0,
+    //                 value: Container(C::Map),
+    //             },
+    //             List {
+    //                 site: 1,
+    //                 container_idx: 3,
+    //                 key: 1,
+    //                 value: Container(C::Map),
+    //             },
+    //         ],
+    //     )
+    // }
 
     #[test]
     fn map_apply() {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
index 7d29d9d9c..0a747f0db 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/oplog.rs
@@ -444,7 +444,9 @@ impl OpLog {
                             pos: *pos as usize,
                         }));
                     }
-                    loro_common::ContainerType::List | loro_common::ContainerType::Map => {
+                    loro_common::ContainerType::List
+                    | loro_common::ContainerType::Map
+                    | loro_common::ContainerType::Tree => {
                         unreachable!()
                     }
                 },
@@ -467,9 +469,7 @@ impl OpLog {
                 }
             },
             crate::op::InnerContent::Map(map) => {
-                let value = map
-                    .value
-                    .and_then(|v| self.arena.get_value(v as usize));
+                let value = map.value.and_then(|v| self.arena.get_value(v as usize));
                 contents.push(RawOpContent::Map(crate::container::map::MapSet {
                     key: map.key.clone(),
                     value,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
index 6dd992219..f0d973274 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/snapshot_encode.rs
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
-use std::borrow::Cow;
+use std::{borrow::Cow, ops::Deref};
 
 use fxhash::FxHashMap;
 use itertools::Itertools;
-use loro_common::{ContainerType, HasLamport, ID};
+use loro_common::{ContainerType, HasLamport, TreeID, ID};
 use loro_preload::{
     CommonArena, EncodedAppState, EncodedContainerState, FinalPhase, MapEntry, TempArena,
 };
 use rle::{HasLength, RleVec};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use serde_columnar::{columnar, to_vec};
 use smallvec::smallvec;
 
@@ -29,21 +30,20 @@ use super::{
     arena::SharedArena,
     loro::LoroDoc,
     oplog::OpLog,
-    state::{DocState, ListState, MapState, State, TextState},
+    state::{DocState, ListState, MapState, State},
 };
 
 pub fn encode_app_snapshot(app: &LoroDoc) -> Vec<u8> {
-    let pre_encoded_state = preprocess_app_state(&app.app_state().lock().unwrap());
+    let state = app.app_state().lock().unwrap();
+    let pre_encoded_state = preprocess_app_state(&state);
     let f = encode_oplog(&app.oplog().lock().unwrap(), Some(pre_encoded_state));
     // f.diagnose_size();
-    miniz_oxide::deflate::compress_to_vec(&f.encode(), 6)
+    f.encode()
 }
 
 pub fn decode_app_snapshot(app: &LoroDoc, bytes: &[u8], with_state: bool) -> Result<(), LoroError> {
     assert!(app.is_empty());
-    let bytes = miniz_oxide::inflate::decompress_to_vec(bytes)
-        .map_err(|_| LoroError::DecodeError("".into()))?;
-    let data = FinalPhase::decode(&bytes)?;
+    let data = FinalPhase::decode(bytes)?;
     if with_state {
         let mut app_state = app.app_state().lock().unwrap();
         let (state_arena, common) = decode_state(&mut app_state, &data)?;
@@ -65,11 +65,10 @@ pub fn decode_oplog(
     arena: Option<(SharedArena, TempArena, CommonArena)>,
 ) -> Result<(), LoroError> {
     let (arena, state_arena, common) = arena.unwrap_or_else(|| {
-        (
-            Default::default(),
-            TempArena::decode_state_arena(data).unwrap(),
-            CommonArena::decode(data).unwrap(),
-        )
+        let arena = SharedArena::default();
+        let state_arena = TempArena::decode_state_arena(data).unwrap();
+        arena.alloc_str_fast(&state_arena.text);
+        (arena, state_arena, CommonArena::decode(data).unwrap())
     });
     oplog.arena = arena.clone();
     let mut extra_arena = TempArena::decode_additional_arena(data)?;
@@ -78,14 +77,15 @@ pub fn decode_oplog(
     arena.alloc_values(extra_arena.values.into_iter());
     let mut keys = state_arena.keywords;
     keys.append(&mut extra_arena.keywords);
+    let mut tree_ids = state_arena.tree_ids;
+    tree_ids.append(&mut extra_arena.tree_ids);
 
     let oplog_data = OplogEncoded::decode_iter(data)?;
-
+    let mut style_iter = oplog_data.styles.iter();
     let mut changes = Vec::new();
     let mut dep_iter = oplog_data.deps;
     let mut op_iter = oplog_data.ops;
     let mut counters = FxHashMap::default();
-    let mut text_idx = 0;
     for change in oplog_data.changes {
         let peer_idx = change.peer_idx as usize;
         let peer_id = common.peer_ids[peer_idx];
@@ -103,12 +103,13 @@ pub fn decode_oplog(
             let container = common.container_ids[encoded_op.container as usize].clone();
             let container_idx = arena.register_container(&container);
             let op = match container.container_type() {
-                loro_common::ContainerType::Text | loro_common::ContainerType::List => {
-                    let op = if container.container_type() == ContainerType::List {
-                        encoded_op.get_list()
-                    } else {
-                        encoded_op.get_text()
+                loro_common::ContainerType::List | loro_common::ContainerType::Text => {
+                    let op = match container.container_type() {
+                        ContainerType::List => encoded_op.get_list(),
+                        ContainerType::Text => encoded_op.get_richtext(),
+                        _ => unreachable!(),
                     };
+
                     match op {
                         SnapshotOp::ListInsert {
                             value_idx: start,
@@ -133,15 +134,26 @@ pub fn decode_oplog(
                             let info = style.info;
                             Op::new(
                                 id,
-                                InnerContent::List(InnerListOp::new_insert(
-                                    text_idx..text_idx + (len as u32),
-                                    pos,
-                                )),
+                                InnerContent::List(InnerListOp::StyleStart {
+                                    start: start as u32,
+                                    end: end as u32,
+                                    key,
+                                    info: TextStyleInfoFlag::from_byte(info),
+                                }),
                                 container_idx,
-                            );
-                            text_idx += len as u32;
-                            op
+                            )
                         }
+                        SnapshotOp::RichtextStyleEnd => {
+                            Op::new(id, InnerContent::List(InnerListOp::StyleEnd), container_idx)
+                        }
+                        SnapshotOp::RichtextInsert { pos, start, len } => Op::new(
+                            id,
+                            InnerContent::List(InnerListOp::new_insert(
+                                start as u32..start as u32 + (len as u32),
+                                pos,
+                            )),
+                            container_idx,
+                        ),
                     }
                 }
                 loro_common::ContainerType::Map => {
@@ -168,6 +180,35 @@ pub fn decode_oplog(
                         _ => unreachable!(),
                     }
                 }
+                loro_common::ContainerType::Tree => {
+                    let op = encoded_op.get_tree();
+                    match op {
+                        SnapshotOp::Tree { target, parent } => {
+                            let target = {
+                                let (peer, counter) = tree_ids[target - 1];
+                                let peer = common.peer_ids[peer as usize];
+                                TreeID { peer, counter }
+                            };
+                            let parent = {
+                                if parent == Some(0) {
+                                    TreeID::delete_root()
+                                } else {
+                                    parent.map(|p| {
+                                        let (peer, counter) = tree_ids[p - 1];
+                                        let peer = common.peer_ids[peer as usize];
+                                        TreeID { peer, counter }
+                                    })
+                                }
+                            };
+                            Op::new(
+                                id,
+                                InnerContent::Tree(TreeOp { target, parent }),
+                                container_idx,
+                            )
+                        }
+                        _ => unreachable!(),
+                    }
+                }
             };
             *counter_mut += op.content_len() as Counter;
             ops.push(op);
@@ -212,8 +253,8 @@ pub fn decode_state<'b>(
     let arena = app_state.arena.clone();
     let common = CommonArena::decode(data)?;
     let state_arena = TempArena::decode_state_arena(data)?;
+    arena.alloc_str_fast(&state_arena.text);
     let encoded_app_state = EncodedAppState::decode(data)?;
-    let mut text_index = 0;
     let mut container_states =
         FxHashMap::with_capacity_and_hasher(common.container_ids.len(), Default::default());
     // this part should be moved to encode.rs in preload
@@ -221,23 +262,13 @@ pub fn decode_state<'b>(
         .container_ids
         .iter()
         .zip(encoded_app_state.parents.iter())
-        .zip(encoded_app_state.states.iter())
+        .zip(encoded_app_state.states.into_iter())
     {
         let idx = arena.register_container(id);
         let parent_idx =
             (*parent).map(|x| ContainerIdx::from_index_and_type(x, state.container_type()));
         arena.set_parent(idx, parent_idx);
         match state {
-            loro_preload::EncodedContainerState::Text { len } => {
-                let index = text_index;
-                container_states.insert(
-                    idx,
-                    State::TextState(TextState::from_str(
-                        std::str::from_utf8(&state_arena.text[index..index + len]).unwrap(),
-                    )),
-                );
-                text_index += len;
-            }
             loro_preload::EncodedContainerState::Map(map_data) => {
                 let mut map = MapState::new(idx);
                 for entry in map_data.iter() {
@@ -314,6 +345,14 @@ struct OplogEncoded {
     ops: Vec<EncodedSnapshotOp>,
     #[columnar(class = "vec", iter = "DepsEncoding")]
     deps: Vec<DepsEncoding>,
+
+    styles: Vec<StyleInfo>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+struct StyleInfo {
+    key_idx: u32,
+    info: u8,
 }
 
 impl OplogEncoded {
@@ -355,19 +394,24 @@ struct EncodedSnapshotOp {
     /// key index or insert/delete pos
     #[columnar(strategy = "DeltaRle")]
     prop: usize,
-    // Text: insert len | del len (can be neg)
-    // List: 0 | del len (can be neg)
-    // Map: always 0
+    /// Richtext: insert range start
+    /// Text: 0
+    /// List: 0
+    /// Map: 0
+    #[columnar(strategy = "DeltaRle")]
+    prop2: usize,
+    /// Richtext: insert len | del len | end position (for style)
+    /// Text: insert len | del len (can be neg)
+    /// List: 0 | del len (can be neg)
+    /// Map: always 0
     #[columnar(strategy = "DeltaRle")]
     len: i64,
-    // List: insert 0 | deletion -1
-    // Text: insert 0 | deletion -1
-    // Map: always 0
     #[columnar(strategy = "BoolRle")]
     is_del: bool,
-    // Text: 0
-    // List: 0 | value index
-    // Map: 0 (deleted) | value index + 1
+    /// Richtext: 0 (text) | 1 (style_start) | 2 (style_end)
+    /// Text: 0
+    /// List: 0 | value index
+    /// Map: 0 (deleted) | value index + 1
     #[columnar(strategy = "DeltaRle")]
     value: isize,
 }
@@ -402,16 +446,25 @@ enum SnapshotOp {
 }
 
 impl EncodedSnapshotOp {
-    pub fn get_text(&self) -> SnapshotOp {
+    pub fn get_richtext(&self) -> SnapshotOp {
         if self.is_del {
             SnapshotOp::TextOrListDelete {
                 pos: self.prop,
                 len: self.len as isize,
             }
         } else {
-            SnapshotOp::TextInsert {
-                pos: self.prop,
-                len: self.len as usize,
+            match self.value {
+                0 => SnapshotOp::RichtextInsert {
+                    pos: self.prop,
+                    start: self.prop2,
+                    len: self.len as usize,
+                },
+                1 => SnapshotOp::RichtextStyleStart {
+                    start: self.prop,
+                    end: self.len as usize,
+                },
+                2 => SnapshotOp::RichtextStyleEnd,
+                _ => unreachable!(),
             }
         }
     }
@@ -438,6 +491,20 @@ impl EncodedSnapshotOp {
         }
     }
 
+    pub fn get_tree(&self) -> SnapshotOp {
+        let parent = if self.is_del {
+            Some(0)
+        } else if self.value == 0 {
+            None
+        } else {
+            Some(self.value as usize)
+        };
+        SnapshotOp::Tree {
+            target: self.prop,
+            parent,
+        }
+    }
+
     pub fn from(value: SnapshotOp, container: u32) -> Self {
         match value {
             SnapshotOp::ListInsert {
@@ -446,6 +513,7 @@ impl EncodedSnapshotOp {
             } => Self {
                 container,
                 prop: pos,
+                prop2: 0,
                 len: 0,
                 is_del: false,
                 value: start as isize,
@@ -453,6 +521,7 @@ impl EncodedSnapshotOp {
             SnapshotOp::TextOrListDelete { pos, len } => Self {
                 container,
                 prop: pos,
+                prop2: 0,
                 len: len as i64,
                 is_del: true,
                 value: 0,
@@ -465,18 +534,47 @@ impl EncodedSnapshotOp {
                 Self {
                     container,
                     prop: key,
+                    prop2: 0,
                     len: 0,
                     is_del: false,
                     value,
                 }
             }
-            SnapshotOp::TextInsert { pos, len } => Self {
+            SnapshotOp::RichtextStyleStart { start, end } => Self {
+                container,
+                prop: start,
+                prop2: 0,
+                len: end as i64,
+                is_del: false,
+                value: 1,
+            },
+            SnapshotOp::RichtextStyleEnd => Self {
+                container,
+                prop: 0,
+                prop2: 0,
+                len: 0,
+                is_del: false,
+                value: 2,
+            },
+            SnapshotOp::RichtextInsert { pos, start, len } => Self {
                 container,
                 prop: pos,
+                prop2: start,
                 len: len as i64,
                 is_del: false,
                 value: 0,
             },
+            SnapshotOp::Tree { target, parent } => {
+                let is_del = parent.unwrap_or(1) == 0;
+                Self {
+                    container,
+                    prop: target,
+                    prop2: 0,
+                    len: 0,
+                    is_del,
+                    value: parent.unwrap_or(0) as isize,
+                }
+            }
         }
     }
 }
@@ -491,7 +589,7 @@ struct DepsEncoding {
 }
 
 #[derive(Default)]
-struct PreEncodedState {
+struct PreEncodedState<'a> {
     common: CommonArena<'static>,
     arena: TempArena<'static>,
     key_lookup: FxHashMap<InternalString, usize>,
@@ -555,10 +653,43 @@ fn preprocess_app_state(app_state: &DocState) -> PreEncodedState {
         peers.len() as u32 - 1
     };
 
+    let mut record_tree_id = |tree_id: TreeID, peer: u32| {
+        let tree_id = (peer, tree_id.counter);
+        if let Some(idx) = tree_id_lookup.get(&tree_id) {
+            return *idx;
+        }
+
+        tree_ids.push(tree_id);
+        // the idx 0 is the delete root
+        tree_id_lookup
+            .entry(tree_id)
+            .or_insert_with(|| tree_ids.len());
+        tree_ids.len()
+    };
+
     for (_, state) in app_state.states.iter() {
         match state {
+            State::TreeState(tree) => {
+                let v = tree
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|(target, parent)| {
+                        let peer_idx = record_peer(target.peer);
+                        let t = record_tree_id(*target, peer_idx);
+                        let p = if TreeID::is_deleted_root(*parent) {
+                            Some(0)
+                        } else {
+                            parent.map(|p| {
+                                let peer_idx = record_peer(p.peer);
+                                record_tree_id(p, peer_idx)
+                            })
+                        };
+                        (t, p)
+                    })
+                    .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+                encoded.states.push(EncodedContainerState::Tree(v))
+            }
             State::ListState(list) => {
-                let v = list.iter().map(|value| record_value(value)).collect();
+                let v = list.iter().map(&mut record_value).collect();
                 encoded.states.push(EncodedContainerState::List(v))
             }
             State::MapState(map) => {
@@ -581,13 +712,9 @@ fn preprocess_app_state(app_state: &DocState) -> PreEncodedState {
                     .collect();
                 encoded.states.push(EncodedContainerState::Map(v))
             }
-            State::TextState(text) => {
-                for span in text.iter() {
-                    bytes.extend_from_slice(span.as_bytes());
-                }
-                encoded
-                    .states
-                    .push(EncodedContainerState::Text { len: text.len() })
+            State::RichtextState(text) => {
+                let result = text.encode_snapshot(&mut record_peer, &mut record_key);
+                encoded.states.push(EncodedContainerState::Richtext(result));
             }
         }
     }
@@ -598,8 +725,6 @@ fn preprocess_app_state(app_state: &DocState) -> PreEncodedState {
     };
 
     let arena = TempArena {
-        text: bytes.into(),
-        keywords,
         values,
         keywords,
         text: app_state.arena.slice_by_unicode(..).deref().to_vec().into(),
@@ -612,6 +737,7 @@ fn preprocess_app_state(app_state: &DocState) -> PreEncodedState {
         key_lookup,
         value_lookup,
         peer_lookup,
+        tree_id_lookup,
         app_state: encoded,
     }
 }
@@ -624,15 +750,16 @@ fn encode_oplog(oplog: &OpLog, state_ref: Option<PreEncodedState>) -> FinalPhase
         mut key_lookup,
         mut value_lookup,
         mut peer_lookup,
+        mut tree_id_lookup,
         app_state,
     } = state_ref;
     if common.container_ids.is_empty() {
         common.container_ids = oplog.arena.export_containers();
     }
     // need to rebuild bytes from ops, because arena.text may contain garbage
-    let mut bytes = Vec::with_capacity(arena.text.len());
     let mut extra_keys = Vec::new();
     let mut extra_values = Vec::new();
+    let mut extra_tree_ids = Vec::new();
 
     let mut record_key = |key: &InternalString| {
         if let Some(idx) = key_lookup.get(key) {
@@ -659,7 +786,7 @@ fn encode_oplog(oplog: &OpLog, state_ref: Option<PreEncodedState>) -> FinalPhase
     let Cow::Owned(mut peers) = std::mem::take(&mut common.peer_ids) else {
         unreachable!()
     };
-    let mut record_peer = |peer: PeerID| {
+    let mut record_peer = |peer: PeerID, peer_lookup: &mut FxHashMap<u64, usize>| {
         if let Some(idx) = peer_lookup.get(&peer) {
             return *idx as u32;
         }
@@ -698,25 +825,27 @@ fn encode_oplog(oplog: &OpLog, state_ref: Option<PreEncodedState>) -> FinalPhase
         Vec::with_capacity(changes.iter().map(|x| x.ops.len()).sum());
     let mut deps = Vec::with_capacity(changes.iter().map(|x| x.deps.len()).sum());
     for change in changes {
-        let peer_idx = record_peer(change.id.peer);
+        let peer_idx = record_peer(change.id.peer, &mut peer_lookup);
         let op_index_start = encoded_ops.len();
         for op in change.ops.iter() {
             match &op.content {
+                InnerContent::Tree(TreeOp { target, parent }) => {
+                    let target_idx = record_tree_id(*target, &mut peer_lookup);
+                    let parent_idx = if TreeID::is_deleted_root(*parent) {
+                        Some(0)
+                    } else {
+                        parent.map(|p| record_tree_id(p, &mut peer_lookup))
+                    };
+                    encoded_ops.push(EncodedSnapshotOp::from(
+                        SnapshotOp::Tree {
+                            target: target_idx,
+                            parent: parent_idx,
+                        },
+                        op.container.to_index(),
+                    ));
+                }
                 InnerContent::List(list) => match list {
                     InnerListOp::Insert { slice, pos } => match op.container.get_type() {
-                        loro_common::ContainerType::Text => {
-                            let range = slice.0.start as usize..slice.0.end as usize;
-                            let mut pos = *pos;
-                            oplog.arena.with_text_slice(range, |slice| {
-                                encoded_ops.push(record_str(
-                                    slice.as_bytes(),
-                                    pos,
-                                    op.container.to_index(),
-                                ));
-
-                                pos += slice.chars().count();
-                            })
-                        }
                         loro_common::ContainerType::List => {
                             let values = oplog
                                 .arena
@@ -734,17 +863,72 @@ fn encode_oplog(oplog: &OpLog, state_ref: Option<PreEncodedState>) -> FinalPhase
                                 pos += 1;
                             }
                         }
+                        loro_common::ContainerType::Text => {
+                            encoded_ops.push(EncodedSnapshotOp::from(
+                                SnapshotOp::RichtextInsert {
+                                    pos: *pos,
+                                    start: slice.0.start as usize,
+                                    len: slice.0.len(),
+                                },
+                                op.container.to_index(),
+                            ))
+                        }
+                        loro_common::ContainerType::Map => unreachable!(),
+                        loro_common::ContainerType::Tree => unreachable!(),
+                    },
+                    InnerListOp::InsertText {
+                        slice,
+                        unicode_len: len,
+                        unicode_start: _,
+                        pos,
+                    } => match op.container.get_type() {
+                        loro_common::ContainerType::Text => {
+                            encoded_ops.push(EncodedSnapshotOp::from(
+                                SnapshotOp::RichtextInsert {
+                                    pos: *pos as usize,
+                                    start: slice.start(),
+                                    len: *len as usize,
+                                },
+                                op.container.to_index(),
+                            ))
+                        }
                         loro_common::ContainerType::Map => unreachable!(),
+                        loro_common::ContainerType::List => unreachable!(),
+                        loro_common::ContainerType::Tree => unreachable!(),
                     },
                     InnerListOp::Delete(del) => {
                         encoded_ops.push(EncodedSnapshotOp::from(
                             SnapshotOp::TextOrListDelete {
                                 pos: del.pos as usize,
-                                len: del.len,
+                                len: del.signed_len,
                             },
                             op.container.to_index(),
                         ));
                     }
+                    InnerListOp::StyleStart {
+                        start,
+                        end,
+                        key,
+                        info,
+                    } => {
+                        encoded_ops.push(EncodedSnapshotOp::from(
+                            SnapshotOp::RichtextStyleStart {
+                                start: *start as usize,
+                                end: *end as usize,
+                            },
+                            op.container.to_index(),
+                        ));
+                        styles.push(StyleInfo {
+                            key_idx: record_key(key) as u32,
+                            info: info.to_byte(),
+                        })
+                    }
+                    InnerListOp::StyleEnd => {
+                        encoded_ops.push(EncodedSnapshotOp::from(
+                            SnapshotOp::RichtextStyleEnd,
+                            op.container.to_index(),
+                        ));
+                    }
                 },
                 InnerContent::Map(map) => {
                     let key = record_key(&map.key);
@@ -771,7 +955,7 @@ fn encode_oplog(oplog: &OpLog, state_ref: Option<PreEncodedState>) -> FinalPhase
             if dep.peer == change.id.peer {
                 dep_on_self = true;
             } else {
-                let peer_idx = record_peer(dep.peer);
+                let peer_idx = record_peer(dep.peer, &mut peer_lookup);
                 deps.push(DepsEncoding {
                     peer_idx,
                     counter: dep.counter,
@@ -794,7 +978,9 @@ fn encode_oplog(oplog: &OpLog, state_ref: Option<PreEncodedState>) -> FinalPhase
         changes: encoded_changes,
         ops: encoded_ops,
         deps,
+        styles,
     };
+
     // println!("OplogEncoded:");
     // println!("changes {}", oplog_encoded.changes.len());
     // println!("ops {}", oplog_encoded.ops.len());
@@ -806,9 +992,10 @@ fn encode_oplog(oplog: &OpLog, state_ref: Option<PreEncodedState>) -> FinalPhase
         state_arena: Cow::Owned(arena.encode()),
         oplog_extra_arena: Cow::Owned(
             TempArena {
-                text: Cow::Borrowed(&bytes),
+                text: Cow::Borrowed(&[]),
                 keywords: extra_keys,
                 values: extra_values,
+                tree_ids: extra_tree_ids,
             }
             .encode(),
         ),
@@ -855,7 +1042,7 @@ mod test {
             .unwrap()
             .get_text("id")
             .unwrap()
-            .to_string();
+            .as_string();
         assert_eq!("hello", &actual);
         debug_dbg!(&app2.oplog().lock().unwrap());
 
@@ -876,7 +1063,25 @@ mod test {
             .unwrap()
             .get_text("id")
             .unwrap()
-            .to_string();
+            .as_string();
         assert_eq!("he llo", &actual);
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn tree_encode_decode() {
+        let a = LoroDoc::default();
+        let b = LoroDoc::default();
+        let tree_a = a.get_tree("tree");
+        let tree_b = b.get_tree("tree");
+        let id1 = a.with_txn(|txn| tree_a.create(txn)).unwrap();
+        let id2 = a.with_txn(|txn| tree_a.create_and_mov(txn, id1)).unwrap();
+        let bytes = a.export_snapshot();
+        b.import(&bytes).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(a.get_deep_value(), b.get_deep_value());
+        let _id3 = b.with_txn(|txn| tree_b.create_and_mov(txn, id1)).unwrap();
+        b.with_txn(|txn| tree_b.delete(txn, id2)).unwrap();
+        let bytes = b.export_snapshot();
+        a.import(&bytes).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(a.get_deep_value(), b.get_deep_value());
+    }
 }
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
index 4694908fa..eaaf22f57 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use std::{borrow::Cow, mem::take, sync::Arc};
+use std::{borrow::Cow, sync::Arc};
 
 use enum_as_inner::EnumAsInner;
 use enum_dispatch::enum_dispatch;
@@ -105,8 +105,9 @@ impl State {
         Self::MapState(MapState::new(idx))
     }
 
-    pub fn new_text() -> Self {
-        Self::TextState(TextState::default())
+    #[allow(unused)]
+    pub fn new_richtext(idx: ContainerIdx) -> Self {
+        Self::RichtextState(RichtextState::new(idx))
     }
 }
 
@@ -225,14 +226,18 @@ impl DocState {
         self.peer
     }
 
+    /// It's expected that diff only contains [`InternalDiff`]
     pub(crate) fn apply_diff(&mut self, mut diff: InternalDocDiff<'static>) {
         if self.in_txn {
             panic!("apply_diff should not be called in a transaction");
         }
 
         self.pre_txn(diff.origin.clone(), diff.local);
-        let Cow::Owned(inner) = &mut diff.diff else {unreachable!()};
+        let Cow::Owned(inner) = &mut diff.diff else {
+            unreachable!()
+        };
         for diff in inner.iter_mut() {
+            let is_recording = self.is_recording();
             let state = self
                 .states
                 .entry(diff.idx)
@@ -243,7 +248,18 @@ impl DocState {
                 self.changed_idx_in_txn.insert(diff.idx);
             }
 
-            state.apply_diff(&mut diff.diff, &self.arena);
+            let internal_diff = std::mem::replace(
+                &mut diff.diff,
+                DiffVariant::External(Diff::List(Delta::default())),
+            );
+
+            if is_recording {
+                let external_diff = state
+                    .apply_diff_and_convert(internal_diff.into_internal().unwrap(), &self.arena);
+                diff.diff = external_diff.into();
+            } else {
+                state.apply_diff(internal_diff.into_internal().unwrap(), &self.arena);
+            }
         }
 
         self.frontiers = (*diff.new_version).to_owned();
@@ -253,7 +269,7 @@ impl DocState {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn apply_local_op(&mut self, op: RawOp) -> LoroResult<()> {
+    pub fn apply_local_op(&mut self, raw_op: &RawOp, op: &Op) -> LoroResult<()> {
         let state = self
             .states
             .entry(op.container)
@@ -307,9 +323,9 @@ impl DocState {
         self.states.get(&idx)
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn get_value_by_idx(&self, container_idx: ContainerIdx) -> LoroValue {
+    pub(crate) fn get_value_by_idx(&mut self, container_idx: ContainerIdx) -> LoroValue {
         self.states
-            .get(&container_idx)
+            .get_mut(&container_idx)
             .map(|x| x.get_value())
             .unwrap_or_else(|| container_idx.get_type().default_value())
     }
@@ -336,18 +352,19 @@ impl DocState {
         }
 
         if self.is_recording() {
+            let diff = self
+                .states
+                .iter_mut()
+                .map(|(&idx, state)| InternalContainerDiff {
+                    idx,
+                    diff: state.to_diff().into(),
+                })
+                .collect();
             self.record_diff(InternalDocDiff {
                 origin: Default::default(),
                 local: false,
-                diff: self
-                    .states
-                    .iter()
-                    .map(|(&idx, state)| InternalContainerDiff {
-                        idx,
-                        diff: state.to_diff(),
-                    })
-                    .collect(),
-                new_version: Cow::Owned(frontiers.clone()),
+                diff,
+                new_version: Cow::Borrowed(&frontiers),
             });
         }
 
@@ -356,7 +373,10 @@ impl DocState {
 
     /// id can be a str, ContainerID, or ContainerIdRaw.
     /// if it's str it will use Root container, which will not be None
-    pub fn get_text<I: Into<ContainerIdRaw>>(&mut self, id: I) -> Option<&text_state::TextState> {
+    pub fn get_text<I: Into<ContainerIdRaw>>(
+        &mut self,
+        id: I,
+    ) -> Option<&mut richtext_state::RichtextState> {
         let id: ContainerIdRaw = id.into();
         let idx = match id {
             ContainerIdRaw::Root { name } => Some(self.arena.register_container(
@@ -373,8 +393,8 @@ impl DocState {
         let idx = idx.unwrap();
         self.states
             .entry(idx)
-            .or_insert_with(State::new_text)
-            .as_text_state()
+            .or_insert_with(|| State::new_richtext(idx))
+            .as_richtext_state_mut()
     }
 
     #[inline(always)]
@@ -390,6 +410,19 @@ impl DocState {
         }
     }
 
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub(crate) fn with_state_mut<F, R>(&mut self, idx: ContainerIdx, f: F) -> R
+    where
+        F: FnOnce(&mut State) -> R,
+    {
+        let state = self.states.get_mut(&idx);
+        if let Some(state) = state {
+            f(state)
+        } else {
+            f(&mut create_state(idx))
+        }
+    }
+
     pub(super) fn is_in_txn(&self) -> bool {
         self.in_txn
     }
@@ -398,7 +431,7 @@ impl DocState {
         !self.in_txn && self.states.is_empty() && self.arena.is_empty()
     }
 
-    pub fn get_deep_value(&self) -> LoroValue {
+    pub fn get_deep_value(&mut self) -> LoroValue {
         let roots = self.arena.root_containers();
         let mut ans = FxHashMap::with_capacity_and_hasher(roots.len(), Default::default());
         for root_idx in roots {
@@ -416,7 +449,7 @@ impl DocState {
         LoroValue::Map(Arc::new(ans))
     }
 
-    pub fn get_deep_value_with_id(&self) -> LoroValue {
+    pub fn get_deep_value_with_id(&mut self) -> LoroValue {
         let roots = self.arena.root_containers();
         let mut ans = FxHashMap::with_capacity_and_hasher(roots.len(), Default::default());
         for root_idx in roots {
@@ -438,12 +471,12 @@ impl DocState {
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn get_container_deep_value_with_id(
-        &self,
+        &mut self,
         container: ContainerIdx,
         id: Option<ContainerID>,
     ) -> LoroValue {
         let id = id.unwrap_or_else(|| self.arena.idx_to_id(container).unwrap());
-        let Some(state) = self.states.get(&container) else {
+        let Some(state) = self.states.get_mut(&container) else {
             return container.get_type().default_value();
         };
         let value = state.get_value();
@@ -503,8 +536,8 @@ impl DocState {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn get_container_deep_value(&self, container: ContainerIdx) -> LoroValue {
-        let Some(state) = self.states.get(&container) else {
+    pub fn get_container_deep_value(&mut self, container: ContainerIdx) -> LoroValue {
+        let Some(state) = self.states.get_mut(&container) else {
             return container.get_type().default_value();
         };
         let value = state.get_value();
@@ -528,21 +561,28 @@ impl DocState {
                 LoroValue::List(list)
             }
             LoroValue::Map(mut map) => {
-                if map.iter().all(|x| !x.1.is_container()) {
-                    return LoroValue::Map(map);
-                }
+                if container.get_type() == ContainerType::Tree {
+                    // get tree's meta
+                    for nodes in Arc::make_mut(&mut map).values_mut() {
+                        get_meta_value(nodes, self);
+                    }
+                    LoroValue::Map(map)
+                } else {
+                    if map.iter().all(|x| !x.1.is_container()) {
+                        return LoroValue::Map(map);
+                    }
 
-                let map_mut = Arc::make_mut(&mut map);
-                for (_key, value) in map_mut.iter_mut() {
-                    if value.is_container() {
-                        let container = value.as_container().unwrap();
-                        let container_idx = self.arena.register_container(container);
-                        let new_value = self.get_container_deep_value(container_idx);
-                        *value = new_value;
+                    let map_mut = Arc::make_mut(&mut map);
+                    for (_key, value) in map_mut.iter_mut() {
+                        if value.is_container() {
+                            let container = value.as_container().unwrap();
+                            let container_idx = self.arena.register_container(container);
+                            let new_value = self.get_container_deep_value(container_idx);
+                            *value = new_value;
+                        }
                     }
+                    LoroValue::Map(map)
                 }
-
-                LoroValue::Map(map)
             }
             _ => value,
         }
@@ -561,20 +601,24 @@ impl DocState {
         let local = diffs[0].local;
         for diff in diffs {
             #[allow(clippy::unnecessary_to_owned)]
-            for mut container_diff in diff.diff.into_owned() {
-                self.convert_raw(&mut container_diff.diff, container_diff.idx);
+            for container_diff in diff.diff.into_owned() {
                 let Some((last_container_diff, _)) = containers.get_mut(&container_diff.idx) else {
                     if let Some(path) = self.get_path(container_diff.idx) {
                         containers.insert(container_diff.idx, (container_diff.diff, path));
                     } else {
                         // if we cannot find the path to the container, the container must be overwritten afterwards.
                         // So we can ignore the diff from it.
-                        debug_log::debug_log!("ignore because cannot find path {:#?}", &container_diff);
+                        debug_log::debug_log!(
+                            "⚠️ WARNING: ignore because cannot find path {:#?}",
+                            &container_diff
+                        );
                     }
                     continue;
                 };
 
-                *last_container_diff = take(last_container_diff)
+                // TODO: PERF avoid this clone
+                *last_container_diff = last_container_diff
+                    .clone()
                     .compose(container_diff.diff)
                     .unwrap();
             }
@@ -587,7 +631,7 @@ impl DocState {
                 ContainerDiff {
                     id,
                     idx,
-                    diff,
+                    diff: diff.into_external().unwrap(),
                     path,
                 }
             })
@@ -607,10 +651,12 @@ impl DocState {
 
     // the container may be override, so it may return None
     fn get_path(&self, idx: ContainerIdx) -> Option<Vec<(ContainerID, Index)>> {
+        debug_log::group!("GET PATH {:?}", idx);
         let mut ans = Vec::new();
         let mut idx = idx;
         loop {
             let id = self.arena.idx_to_id(idx).unwrap();
+            debug_log::debug_dbg!(&id);
             if let Some(parent_idx) = self.arena.get_parent(idx) {
                 let parent_state = self.states.get(&parent_idx).unwrap();
                 let prop = parent_state.get_child_index(&id)?;
@@ -625,87 +671,13 @@ impl DocState {
         }
 
         ans.reverse();
+        debug_log::group_end!();
         Some(ans)
     }
-
-    /// convert seq raw to text/list
-    pub(crate) fn convert_raw(&self, diff: &mut Diff, idx: ContainerIdx) {
-        let seq = match diff {
-            Diff::SeqRaw(seq) => seq,
-            Diff::SeqRawUtf16(seq) => seq,
-            _ => return,
-        };
-
-        match idx.get_type() {
-            ContainerType::Text => {
-                let mut ans: Delta<String> = Delta::new();
-                let mut index = 0;
-                for span in seq.iter() {
-                    match span {
-                        crate::delta::DeltaItem::Retain { len, .. } => {
-                            ans.push(DeltaItem::Retain {
-                                len: *len,
-                                meta: (),
-                            });
-                            index += len;
-                        }
-                        crate::delta::DeltaItem::Insert { value, .. } => {
-                            let len = value.0.iter().fold(0, |acc, cur| acc + cur.0.len());
-                            let mut s = String::with_capacity(len);
-                            for slice in value.0.iter() {
-                                self.arena.with_text_slice(
-                                    slice.0.start as usize..slice.0.end as usize,
-                                    |slice| {
-                                        s.push_str(slice);
-                                    },
-                                )
-                            }
-                            ans.push(DeltaItem::Insert { value: s, meta: () });
-                            index += len;
-                        }
-                        crate::delta::DeltaItem::Delete { len, .. } => {
-                            ans.push(DeltaItem::Delete {
-                                len: *len,
-                                meta: (),
-                            });
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-
-                *diff = Diff::Text(ans);
-            }
-            ContainerType::List => {
-                let mut list: Delta<Vec<LoroValue>> = Delta::new();
-
-                for span in seq.iter() {
-                    match span {
-                        DeltaItem::Retain { len, .. } => {
-                            list = list.retain(*len);
-                        }
-                        DeltaItem::Insert { value, .. } => {
-                            let mut arr = Vec::new();
-                            for slice in value.0.iter() {
-                                let values = self
-                                    .arena
-                                    .get_values(slice.0.start as usize..slice.0.end as usize);
-                                arr.extend_from_slice(&values);
-                            }
-
-                            list = list.insert(arr)
-                        }
-                        DeltaItem::Delete { len, .. } => list = list.delete(*len),
-                    }
-                }
-                *diff = Diff::List(list);
-            }
-            ContainerType::Map => unreachable!(),
-        }
-    }
 }
 
 pub fn create_state(idx: ContainerIdx) -> State {
     match idx.get_type() {
-        ContainerType::Text => State::TextState(TextState::new()),
         ContainerType::Map => State::MapState(MapState::new(idx)),
         ContainerType::List => State::ListState(ListState::new(idx)),
         ContainerType::Text => State::RichtextState(RichtextState::new(idx)),
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs
index e559f4e90..fa1c9676d 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/list_state.rs
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ use generic_btree::{
     rle::{HasLength, Mergeable, Sliceable},
     BTree, BTreeTrait, Cursor, LeafIndex, LengthFinder, UseLengthFinder,
 };
+use loro_common::LoroResult;
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct ListState {
@@ -365,9 +366,10 @@ impl ContainerState for ListState {
         }
     }
 
-    fn apply_op(&mut self, op: &RawOp, _: &Op, arena: &SharedArena) {
+    fn apply_op(&mut self, op: &RawOp, _: &Op, arena: &SharedArena) -> LoroResult<()> {
         match &op.content {
             RawOpContent::Map(_) => unreachable!(),
+            RawOpContent::Tree(_) => unreachable!(),
             RawOpContent::List(list) => match list {
                 crate::container::list::list_op::ListOp::Insert { slice, pos } => match slice {
                     ListSlice::RawData(list) => match list {
@@ -401,6 +403,7 @@ impl ContainerState for ListState {
                 crate::container::list::list_op::ListOp::StyleEnd { .. } => unreachable!(),
             },
         }
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     #[doc = " Start a transaction"]
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/map_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/map_state.rs
index 96a5aede5..f7aa1a982 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/map_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/map_state.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use std::{mem, sync::Arc};
 
 use fxhash::FxHashMap;
-use loro_common::ContainerID;
+use loro_common::{ContainerID, LoroResult};
 
 use crate::{
     arena::SharedArena,
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ impl ContainerState for MapState {
         Diff::NewMap(delta)
     }
 
-    fn apply_op(&mut self, op: &RawOp, _: &Op, arena: &SharedArena) {
+    fn apply_op(&mut self, op: &RawOp, _: &Op, arena: &SharedArena) -> LoroResult<()> {
         match &op.content {
             RawOpContent::Map(MapSet { key, value }) => {
                 if value.is_none() {
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ impl ContainerState for MapState {
                             value: None,
                         },
                     );
-                    return;
+                    return Ok(());
                 }
                 let value = value.clone().unwrap();
                 if value.is_container() {
@@ -68,9 +68,11 @@ impl ContainerState for MapState {
                         counter: op.id.counter,
                         value: Some(value),
                     },
-                )
+                );
+                Ok(())
             }
             RawOpContent::List(_) => unreachable!(),
+            RawOpContent::Tree(_) => unreachable!(),
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
index 07b690ac2..47ec351e1 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/state/richtext_state.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use std::{ops::Range, sync::Arc};
 
 use fxhash::FxHashMap;
 use generic_btree::rle::HasLength;
-use loro_common::{Counter, LoroValue, PeerID, ID};
+use loro_common::{Counter, LoroResult, LoroValue, PeerID, ID};
 use loro_preload::{CommonArena, EncodedRichtextState, TempArena, TextRanges};
 
 use crate::{
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ impl ContainerState for RichtextState {
         }
     }
 
-    fn apply_op(&mut self, r_op: &RawOp, op: &Op, _arena: &SharedArena) {
+    fn apply_op(&mut self, r_op: &RawOp, op: &Op, _arena: &SharedArena) -> LoroResult<()> {
         match &op.content {
             crate::op::InnerContent::List(l) => match l {
                 list_op::InnerListOp::Insert { slice: _, pos: _ } => {
@@ -369,6 +369,7 @@ impl ContainerState for RichtextState {
             },
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     fn to_diff(&mut self) -> Diff {
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
index 3accc3dcf..030d9b95c 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/txn.rs
@@ -20,8 +20,6 @@ use crate::{
     },
     delta::{Delta, MapValue, TreeDelta, TreeDiff},
     event::Diff,
-    handler::TextHandler,
-    handler::TreeHandler,
     id::{Counter, PeerID, ID},
     op::{Op, RawOp, RawOpContent},
     span::HasIdSpan,
@@ -32,7 +30,7 @@ use crate::{
 use super::{
     arena::SharedArena,
     event::{InternalContainerDiff, InternalDocDiff},
-    handler::{ListHandler, MapHandler, TextHandler},
+    handler::{ListHandler, MapHandler,TreeHandler,TextHandler },
     oplog::OpLog,
     state::{DocState, State},
 };
@@ -146,7 +144,7 @@ impl Transaction {
         self.timestamp = Some(time);
     }
 
-    pub fn set_on_commit(&mut self, f: OnCommitFn) {
+    pub(crate) fn set_on_commit(&mut self, f: OnCommitFn) {
         self.on_commit = Some(f);
     }
 
@@ -210,10 +208,17 @@ impl Transaction {
 
         state.commit_txn(
             Frontiers::from_id(last_id),
-            diff.map(|x| InternalDocDiff {
+            diff.map(|arr| InternalDocDiff {
                 local: true,
                 origin: self.origin.clone(),
-                diff: Cow::Owned(x),
+                diff: Cow::Owned(
+                    arr.into_iter()
+                        .map(|x| InternalContainerDiff {
+                            idx: x.idx,
+                            diff: x.diff.into(),
+                        })
+                        .collect(),
+                ),
                 new_version: Cow::Borrowed(oplog.frontiers()),
             }),
         );
@@ -229,8 +234,7 @@ impl Transaction {
         &mut self,
         container: ContainerIdx,
         content: RawOpContent,
-        // we need extra hint to reduce calculation for utf16 text op
-        hint: Option<EventHint>,
+        event: EventHint,
         // check whther context and txn are refering to the same state context
         state_ref: &Weak<Mutex<DocState>>,
     ) -> LoroResult<()> {
@@ -242,7 +246,7 @@ impl Transaction {
         }
 
         let len = content.content_len();
-        let op = RawOp {
+        let raw_op = RawOp {
             id: ID {
                 peer: self.peer,
                 counter: self.next_counter,
@@ -253,22 +257,16 @@ impl Transaction {
         };
 
         let mut state = self.state.lock().unwrap();
-        state.apply_local_op(op.clone())?;
+        let op = self.arena.convert_raw_op(&raw_op);
+        state.apply_local_op(&raw_op, &op)?;
         drop(state);
-        if let Some(hint) = hint {
-            self.event_hints.insert(op.id.counter, hint);
-        }
-        self.push_local_op_to_log(&op);
+        self.event_hints.insert(raw_op.id.counter, event);
+        self.local_ops.push(op);
         self.next_counter += len as Counter;
         self.next_lamport += len as Lamport;
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn push_local_op_to_log(&mut self, op: &RawOp) {
-        let op = self.arena.convert_raw_op(op);
-        self.local_ops.push(op);
-    }
-
     /// id can be a str, ContainerID, or ContainerIdRaw.
     /// if it's str it will use Root container, which will not be None
     pub fn get_text<I: IntoContainerId>(&self, id: I) -> TextHandler {
@@ -290,6 +288,13 @@ impl Transaction {
         MapHandler::new(idx, Arc::downgrade(&self.state))
     }
 
+    /// id can be a str, ContainerID, or ContainerIdRaw.
+    /// if it's str it will use Root container, which will not be None
+    pub fn get_tree<I: IntoContainerId>(&self, id: I) -> TreeHandler {
+        let idx = self.get_container_idx(id, ContainerType::Tree);
+        TreeHandler::new(idx, Arc::downgrade(&self.state))
+    }
+
     fn get_container_idx<I: IntoContainerId>(&self, id: I, c_type: ContainerType) -> ContainerIdx {
         let id = id.into_container_id(&self.arena, c_type);
         self.arena.register_container(&id)
@@ -326,6 +331,12 @@ impl Drop for Transaction {
     }
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub(crate) struct TxnContainerDiff {
+    pub(crate) idx: ContainerIdx,
+    pub(crate) diff: Diff,
+}
+
 // PERF: could be compacter
 fn change_to_diff(
     change: &Change,
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
index 712123179..f913eec4c 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/value.rs
@@ -3,32 +3,31 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use crate::{
     delta::DeltaItem,
     event::{Diff, Index, Path},
+    state::Forest,
 };
 
 use fxhash::FxHashMap;
 pub use loro_common::LoroValue;
+use loro_common::{ContainerType, TreeID};
 
 pub trait ToJson {
+    fn to_json_value(&self) -> serde_json::Value;
     fn to_json(&self) -> String;
     fn to_json_pretty(&self) -> String;
     fn from_json(s: &str) -> Self;
 }
 
 impl ToJson for LoroValue {
+    fn to_json_value(&self) -> serde_json::Value {
+        serde_json::to_value(self).unwrap()
+    }
+
     fn to_json(&self) -> String {
-        #[cfg(feature = "json")]
-        let ans = serde_json::to_string(self).unwrap();
-        #[cfg(not(feature = "json"))]
-        let ans = String::new();
-        ans
+        serde_json::to_string(self).unwrap()
     }
 
     fn to_json_pretty(&self) -> String {
-        #[cfg(feature = "json")]
-        let ans = serde_json::to_string_pretty(self).unwrap();
-        #[cfg(not(feature = "json"))]
-        let ans = String::new();
-        ans
+        serde_json::to_string_pretty(self).unwrap()
     }
 
     #[allow(unused)]
@@ -46,6 +45,7 @@ enum TypeHint {
     Map,
     Text,
     List,
+    Tree,
 }
 
 pub trait ApplyDiff {
@@ -67,8 +67,8 @@ impl ApplyDiff for LoroValue {
                                 index += len;
                             }
                             DeltaItem::Insert { value, .. } => {
-                                s.insert_str(index, value);
-                                index += value.len();
+                                s.insert_str(index, value.as_str());
+                                index += value.len_bytes();
                             }
                             DeltaItem::Delete { len, .. } => {
                                 s.drain(index..index + len);
@@ -103,21 +103,10 @@ impl ApplyDiff for LoroValue {
                 }
             }
             LoroValue::Map(map) => {
+                let is_tree = matches!(diff.first(), Some(Diff::Tree(_)));
+                if !is_tree {
                 for item in diff.iter() {
                     match item {
-                        Diff::Map(diff) => {
-                            let map = Arc::make_mut(map);
-                            for v in diff.added.iter() {
-                                map.insert(v.0.to_string(), unresolved_to_collection(v.1));
-                            }
-                            for (k, _) in diff.deleted.iter() {
-                                // map.remove(v.as_ref());
-                                map.insert(k.to_string(), LoroValue::Null);
-                            }
-                            for (key, value) in diff.updated.iter() {
-                                map.insert(key.to_string(), unresolved_to_collection(&value.new));
-                            }
-                        }
                         Diff::NewMap(diff) => {
                             let map = Arc::make_mut(map);
                             for (key, value) in diff.updated.iter() {
@@ -137,11 +126,14 @@ impl ApplyDiff for LoroValue {
                         _ => unreachable!(),
                     }
                 }
-            }
+            }else {
+                    // TODO: perf
+                    let forest = Forest::from_value(map.as_ref().clone().into()).unwrap();
+                    let diff_forest = forest.apply_diffs(diff);
+                    *map = diff_forest.to_value().into_map().unwrap()
+                }}
             _ => unreachable!(),
         }
-
-        debug_dbg!(&self);
     }
 
     fn apply(&mut self, path: &Path, diff: &[Diff]) {
@@ -155,12 +147,13 @@ impl ApplyDiff for LoroValue {
             Diff::NewMap(_) => TypeHint::Map,
             Diff::Tree(_) => TypeHint::Tree,
         };
-        {
+        let value = {
             let mut hints = Vec::with_capacity(path.len());
             for item in path.iter().skip(1) {
                 match item {
                     Index::Key(_) => hints.push(TypeHint::Map),
                     Index::Seq(_) => hints.push(TypeHint::List),
+                    Index::Node(_) => hints.push(TypeHint::Tree),
                 }
             }
 
@@ -175,6 +168,12 @@ impl ApplyDiff for LoroValue {
                             TypeHint::Map => LoroValue::Map(Default::default()),
                             TypeHint::Text => LoroValue::String(Arc::new(String::new())),
                             TypeHint::List => LoroValue::List(Default::default()),
+                            TypeHint::Tree => {
+                                let mut map: FxHashMap<String, LoroValue> = FxHashMap::default();
+                                map.insert("roots".to_string(), LoroValue::List(vec![].into()));
+                                map.insert("deleted".to_string(), LoroValue::List(vec![].into()));
+                                map.into()
+                            }
                         })
                     }
                     Index::Seq(index) => {
@@ -182,13 +181,42 @@ impl ApplyDiff for LoroValue {
                         let list = Arc::make_mut(l);
                         value = list.get_mut(*index).unwrap();
                     }
+                    Index::Node(tree_id) => value = get_meta_from_tree_value(value, *tree_id),
                 }
             }
-
             value
+        };
+        value.apply_diff(diff);
+    }
+}
+
+fn get_meta_from_tree_value(value: &mut LoroValue, target: TreeID) -> &mut LoroValue {
+    // find the meta of `tree_id`
+    let tree = Arc::make_mut(value.as_map_mut().unwrap());
+    let mut map_value = None;
+    'out: for (_, nodes) in tree.iter_mut() {
+        let mut s = vec![];
+        let roots = nodes.as_list_mut().unwrap();
+        let roots = Arc::make_mut(roots);
+        s.extend(roots);
+        while let Some(root) = s.pop() {
+            let root = Arc::make_mut(root.as_map_mut().unwrap());
+            let this_node =
+                root.get("id").unwrap().as_string().unwrap().as_ref() == &target.to_string();
+            if this_node {
+                let meta = root.get_mut("meta").unwrap();
+                if meta.is_container() {
+                    *meta = ContainerType::Map.default_value();
+                }
+                map_value = Some(meta);
+                break 'out;
+            } else {
+                let children = root.get_mut("children").unwrap().as_list_mut().unwrap();
+                s.extend(Arc::make_mut(children));
+            }
         }
-        .apply_diff(diff);
     }
+    map_value.unwrap()
 }
 
 fn unresolved_to_collection(v: &LoroValue) -> LoroValue {
@@ -209,6 +237,7 @@ pub mod wasm {
     use crate::{
         delta::{Delta, DeltaItem, MapDelta, MapDiff,StyleMeta, TreeDelta, TreeDiffItem},
         event::{Diff, Index},
+        utils::string_slice::StringSlice,
         LoroValue,
     };
 
@@ -217,6 +246,7 @@ pub mod wasm {
             match value {
                 Index::Key(key) => JsValue::from_str(&key),
                 Index::Seq(num) => JsValue::from_f64(num as f64),
+                Index::Node(node) => JsValue::from_str(&node.to_string()),
             }
         }
     }
@@ -263,6 +293,16 @@ pub mod wasm {
             // create a obj
             let obj = Object::new();
             match value {
+                Diff::Tree(tree) => {
+                    js_sys::Reflect::set(
+                        &obj,
+                        &JsValue::from_str("type"),
+                        &JsValue::from_str("tree"),
+                    )
+                    .unwrap();
+
+                    js_sys::Reflect::set(&obj, &JsValue::from_str("diff"), &tree.into()).unwrap();
+                }
                 Diff::List(list) => {
                     // set type as "list"
                     js_sys::Reflect::set(
@@ -437,8 +477,8 @@ pub mod wasm {
         }
     }
 
-    impl From<Delta<String>> for JsValue {
-        fn from(value: Delta<String>) -> Self {
+    impl From<Delta<StringSlice, StyleMeta>> for JsValue {
+        fn from(value: Delta<StringSlice, StyleMeta>) -> Self {
             let arr = Array::new_with_length(value.len() as u32);
             for (i, v) in value.iter().enumerate() {
                 arr.set(i as u32, JsValue::from(v.clone()));
@@ -448,49 +488,46 @@ pub mod wasm {
         }
     }
 
-    impl From<DeltaItem<String, ()>> for JsValue {
-        fn from(value: DeltaItem<String, ()>) -> Self {
+    impl From<DeltaItem<StringSlice, StyleMeta>> for JsValue {
+        fn from(value: DeltaItem<StringSlice, StyleMeta>) -> Self {
             let obj = Object::new();
             match value {
-                DeltaItem::Retain { len, meta: _ } => {
+                DeltaItem::Retain { len, meta } => {
                     js_sys::Reflect::set(
                         &obj,
-                        &JsValue::from_str("type"),
                         &JsValue::from_str("retain"),
-                    )
-                    .unwrap();
-                    js_sys::Reflect::set(
-                        &obj,
-                        &JsValue::from_str("len"),
                         &JsValue::from_f64(len as f64),
                     )
                     .unwrap();
+                    if !meta.vec.is_empty() {
+                        js_sys::Reflect::set(
+                            &obj,
+                            &JsValue::from_str("attributes"),
+                            &JsValue::from(meta),
+                        )
+                        .unwrap();
+                    }
                 }
-                DeltaItem::Insert { value, .. } => {
+                DeltaItem::Insert { value, meta } => {
                     js_sys::Reflect::set(
                         &obj,
-                        &JsValue::from_str("type"),
                         &JsValue::from_str("insert"),
-                    )
-                    .unwrap();
-
-                    js_sys::Reflect::set(
-                        &obj,
-                        &JsValue::from_str("value"),
                         &JsValue::from_str(value.as_str()),
                     )
                     .unwrap();
+                    if !meta.vec.is_empty() {
+                        js_sys::Reflect::set(
+                            &obj,
+                            &JsValue::from_str("attributes"),
+                            &JsValue::from(meta),
+                        )
+                        .unwrap();
+                    }
                 }
                 DeltaItem::Delete { len, meta: _ } => {
                     js_sys::Reflect::set(
                         &obj,
-                        &JsValue::from_str("type"),
                         &JsValue::from_str("delete"),
-                    )
-                    .unwrap();
-                    js_sys::Reflect::set(
-                        &obj,
-                        &JsValue::from_str("len"),
                         &JsValue::from_f64(len as f64),
                     )
                     .unwrap();
@@ -501,6 +538,22 @@ pub mod wasm {
         }
     }
 
+    impl From<StyleMeta> for JsValue {
+        fn from(value: StyleMeta) -> Self {
+            let obj = Object::new();
+            for style in value.vec {
+                js_sys::Reflect::set(
+                    &obj,
+                    &JsValue::from_str(&style.key),
+                    &JsValue::from(style.data),
+                )
+                .unwrap();
+            }
+
+            obj.into_js_result().unwrap()
+        }
+    }
+
     impl From<DeltaItem<Vec<LoroValue>, ()>> for JsValue {
         fn from(value: DeltaItem<Vec<LoroValue>, ()>) -> Self {
             let obj = Object::new();
@@ -508,25 +561,12 @@ pub mod wasm {
                 DeltaItem::Retain { len, .. } => {
                     js_sys::Reflect::set(
                         &obj,
-                        &JsValue::from_str("type"),
                         &JsValue::from_str("retain"),
-                    )
-                    .unwrap();
-                    js_sys::Reflect::set(
-                        &obj,
-                        &JsValue::from_str("len"),
                         &JsValue::from_f64(len as f64),
                     )
                     .unwrap();
                 }
                 DeltaItem::Insert { value, .. } => {
-                    js_sys::Reflect::set(
-                        &obj,
-                        &JsValue::from_str("type"),
-                        &JsValue::from_str("insert"),
-                    )
-                    .unwrap();
-
                     let arr = Array::new_with_length(value.len() as u32);
                     for (i, v) in value.into_iter().enumerate() {
                         arr.set(i as u32, convert(v));
@@ -534,7 +574,7 @@ pub mod wasm {
 
                     js_sys::Reflect::set(
                         &obj,
-                        &JsValue::from_str("value"),
+                        &JsValue::from_str("insert"),
                         &arr.into_js_result().unwrap(),
                     )
                     .unwrap();
@@ -542,13 +582,7 @@ pub mod wasm {
                 DeltaItem::Delete { len, .. } => {
                     js_sys::Reflect::set(
                         &obj,
-                        &JsValue::from_str("type"),
                         &JsValue::from_str("delete"),
-                    )
-                    .unwrap();
-                    js_sys::Reflect::set(
-                        &obj,
-                        &JsValue::from_str("len"),
                         &JsValue::from_f64(len as f64),
                     )
                     .unwrap();
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/tests/test.rs b/crates/loro-internal/tests/test.rs
index f39c1f6c4..1093d2d2e 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/tests/test.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/tests/test.rs
@@ -16,17 +16,6 @@ fn import() {
     .unwrap_or_default();
 }
 
-#[test]
-#[ignore]
-fn import_history() {
-    let doc = LoroDoc::new();
-    doc.import(include_bytes!("./history_compressed_rle_updates.dat"))
-        .unwrap();
-    let doc2 = LoroDoc::new();
-    doc2.import(include_bytes!("./history_snapshot.dat"))
-        .unwrap();
-}
-
 #[test]
 fn test_timestamp() {
     let doc = LoroDoc::new();

From f7f2f65db809a9aaae2542135cc557a5ef588516 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leeeon233 <leeeon233@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 29 Oct 2023 16:30:49 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 111/111] fix: get map container as tree meta

---
 crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs |   7 +-
 crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs   |  43 ++---
 crates/loro-wasm/deno.lock            | 244 +-------------------------
 crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs           |  27 +--
 loro-js/src/index.ts                  |  11 +-
 loro-js/tests/misc.test.ts            |  13 ++
 6 files changed, 39 insertions(+), 306 deletions(-)

diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs
index cab6630fc..1dfbc58a1 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/fuzz/tree.rs
@@ -551,17 +551,16 @@ impl Actionable for Vec<Actor> {
                     TreeAction::Meta => {
                         let key = parent_peer.to_string();
                         let value = *parent_counter;
-                        container
-                            .insert_meta(
+                        let meta = container
+                            .get_meta(
                                 &mut txn,
                                 TreeID {
                                     peer: *target_peer,
                                     counter: *target_counter,
                                 },
-                                &key,
-                                value.into(),
                             )
                             .unwrap();
+                        meta.insert(&mut txn, &key, value.into()).unwrap();
                     }
                 }
 
diff --git a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
index 8e952ee46..cd2e556ab 100644
--- a/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-internal/src/handler.rs
@@ -813,33 +813,13 @@ impl TreeHandler {
         )
     }
 
-    pub fn insert_meta(
-        &self,
-        txn: &mut Transaction,
-        target: TreeID,
-        key: &str,
-        value: LoroValue,
-    ) -> LoroResult<()> {
-        if !self.contains(target) {
-            return Err(LoroTreeError::TreeNodeNotExist(target).into());
-        }
-        let map_container_id = self.meta_container_id(target);
-        let map = txn.get_map(map_container_id);
-        map.insert(txn, key, value)
-    }
-
-    pub fn get_meta(
-        &self,
-        txn: &mut Transaction,
-        target: TreeID,
-        key: &str,
-    ) -> LoroResult<Option<LoroValue>> {
+    pub fn get_meta(&self, txn: &mut Transaction, target: TreeID) -> LoroResult<MapHandler> {
         if !self.contains(target) {
             return Err(LoroTreeError::TreeNodeNotExist(target).into());
         }
         let map_container_id = self.meta_container_id(target);
         let map = txn.get_map(map_container_id);
-        Ok(map.get(key))
+        Ok(map)
     }
 
     pub fn parent(&self, target: TreeID) -> Option<Option<TreeID>> {
@@ -1039,7 +1019,7 @@ mod test {
         let handler = loro.get_text("richtext");
         handler.insert(&mut txn, 0, "hello world").unwrap();
         handler
-            .mark(&mut txn, 0, 5, "bold".into(), TextStyleInfoFlag::BOLD)
+            .mark(&mut txn, 0, 5, "bold", TextStyleInfoFlag::BOLD)
             .unwrap();
         txn.commit().unwrap();
 
@@ -1114,10 +1094,16 @@ mod test {
         loro.set_peer_id(1);
         let tree = loro.get_tree("root");
         let id = loro.with_txn(|txn| tree.create(txn)).unwrap();
-        loro.with_txn(|txn| tree.insert_meta(txn, id, "a", 123.into()))
-            .unwrap();
+        loro.with_txn(|txn| {
+            let meta = tree.get_meta(txn, id)?;
+            meta.insert(txn, "a", 123.into())
+        })
+        .unwrap();
         let meta = loro
-            .with_txn(|txn| tree.get_meta(txn, id, "a").map(|a| a.unwrap()))
+            .with_txn(|txn| {
+                let meta = tree.get_meta(txn, id)?;
+                Ok(meta.get("a").unwrap())
+            })
             .unwrap();
         assert_eq!(meta, 123.into());
         assert_eq!(
@@ -1137,10 +1123,11 @@ mod test {
         let text = loro.get_text("text");
         loro.with_txn(|txn| {
             let id = tree.create(txn)?;
-            tree.insert_meta(txn, id, "a", 1.into())?;
+            let meta = tree.get_meta(txn, id)?;
+            meta.insert(txn, "a", 1.into())?;
             text.insert(txn, 0, "abc")?;
             let _id2 = tree.create(txn)?;
-            tree.insert_meta(txn, id, "b", 2.into())?;
+            meta.insert(txn, "b", 2.into())?;
             Ok(id)
         })
         .unwrap();
diff --git a/crates/loro-wasm/deno.lock b/crates/loro-wasm/deno.lock
index e543c387d..86befe69d 100644
--- a/crates/loro-wasm/deno.lock
+++ b/crates/loro-wasm/deno.lock
@@ -1,13 +1,8 @@
 {
-  "version": "3",
-  "redirects": {
-    "https://x.nest.land/std@0.73.0/path/mod.ts": "https://lra6z45nakk5lnu3yjchp7tftsdnwwikwr65ocha5eojfnlgu4sa.arweave.net/XEHs860CldW2m8JEd_5lnIbbWQq0fdcI4OkckrVmpyQ/path/mod.ts"
-  },
+  "version": "2",
   "remote": {
     "https://deno.land/std@0.105.0/_util/assert.ts": "2f868145a042a11d5ad0a3c748dcf580add8a0dbc0e876eaa0026303a5488f58",
     "https://deno.land/std@0.105.0/_util/os.ts": "dfb186cc4e968c770ab6cc3288bd65f4871be03b93beecae57d657232ecffcac",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.105.0/fmt/colors.ts": "d2f8355f00a74404668fc5a1e4a92983ce1a9b0a6ac1d40efbd681cb8f519586",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.105.0/fmt/printf.ts": "7ec612e9b89958b8f7710129f74f502327aad285a9e48ee5297f5882fbc3a078",
     "https://deno.land/std@0.105.0/path/_constants.ts": "1247fee4a79b70c89f23499691ef169b41b6ccf01887a0abd131009c5581b853",
     "https://deno.land/std@0.105.0/path/_interface.ts": "1fa73b02aaa24867e481a48492b44f2598cd9dfa513c7b34001437007d3642e4",
     "https://deno.land/std@0.105.0/path/_util.ts": "2e06a3b9e79beaf62687196bd4b60a4c391d862cfa007a20fc3a39f778ba073b",
@@ -17,245 +12,8 @@
     "https://deno.land/std@0.105.0/path/posix.ts": "b81974c768d298f8dcd2c720229639b3803ca4a241fa9a355c762fa2bc5ef0c1",
     "https://deno.land/std@0.105.0/path/separator.ts": "8fdcf289b1b76fd726a508f57d3370ca029ae6976fcde5044007f062e643ff1c",
     "https://deno.land/std@0.105.0/path/win32.ts": "f4a3d4a3f2c9fe894da046d5eac48b5e789a0ebec5152b2c0985efe96a9f7ae1",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.105.0/testing/_diff.ts": "5d3693155f561d1a5443ac751ac70aab9f5d67b4819a621d4b96b8a1a1c89620",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.105.0/testing/asserts.ts": "e4311d45d956459d4423bc267208fe154b5294989da2ed93257b6a85cae0427e",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.106.0/_util/assert.ts": "2f868145a042a11d5ad0a3c748dcf580add8a0dbc0e876eaa0026303a5488f58",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.106.0/_util/os.ts": "dfb186cc4e968c770ab6cc3288bd65f4871be03b93beecae57d657232ecffcac",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.106.0/fs/_util.ts": "f2ce811350236ea8c28450ed822a5f42a0892316515b1cd61321dec13569c56b",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.106.0/fs/copy.ts": "631bbafbfe6cba282158abc8aeb7e8251cc69a7ec28ce12878ea1b75fec2add4",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.106.0/fs/empty_dir.ts": "5f08b263dd064dc7917c4bbeb13de0f5505a664b9cdfe312fa86e7518cfaeb84",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.106.0/fs/ensure_dir.ts": "b7c103dc41a3d1dbbb522bf183c519c37065fdc234831a4a0f7d671b1ed5fea7",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.106.0/fs/ensure_file.ts": "c06031af24368e80c330897e4b8e9109efc8602ffabc8f3e2306be07529e1d13",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.106.0/fs/ensure_link.ts": "26e54363508b822afd87a3f6e873bbbcd6b5993dd638f8170758c16262a75065",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.106.0/fs/ensure_symlink.ts": "c07b6d19ef58b6f5c671ffa942e7f9be50315f4f78e2f9f511626fd2e13beccc",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.106.0/fs/eol.ts": "afaebaaac36f48c423b920c836551997715672b80a0fee9aa7667c181a94f2df",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.106.0/fs/exists.ts": "b0d2e31654819cc2a8d37df45d6b14686c0cc1d802e9ff09e902a63e98b85a00",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.106.0/fs/expand_glob.ts": "73e7b13f01097b04ed782b3d63863379b718417417758ba622e282b1e5300b91",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.106.0/fs/mod.ts": "26eee4b52a8c516e37d464094b080ff6822883e7f01ff0ba0a72b8dcd54b9927",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.106.0/fs/move.ts": "4623058e39bbbeb3ad30aeff9c974c55d2d574ad7c480295c12b04c244686a99",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.106.0/fs/walk.ts": "b91c655c60d048035f9cae0e6177991ab3245e786e3ab7d20a5b60012edf2126",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.106.0/path/_constants.ts": "1247fee4a79b70c89f23499691ef169b41b6ccf01887a0abd131009c5581b853",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.106.0/path/_interface.ts": "1fa73b02aaa24867e481a48492b44f2598cd9dfa513c7b34001437007d3642e4",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.106.0/path/_util.ts": "2e06a3b9e79beaf62687196bd4b60a4c391d862cfa007a20fc3a39f778ba073b",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.106.0/path/common.ts": "eaf03d08b569e8a87e674e4e265e099f237472b6fd135b3cbeae5827035ea14a",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.106.0/path/glob.ts": "3b84af55c53febacf6afe214c095624b22a56b6f57d7312157479cc783a0de65",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.106.0/path/mod.ts": "4465dc494f271b02569edbb4a18d727063b5dbd6ed84283ff906260970a15d12",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.106.0/path/posix.ts": "b81974c768d298f8dcd2c720229639b3803ca4a241fa9a355c762fa2bc5ef0c1",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.106.0/path/separator.ts": "8fdcf289b1b76fd726a508f57d3370ca029ae6976fcde5044007f062e643ff1c",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.106.0/path/win32.ts": "f4a3d4a3f2c9fe894da046d5eac48b5e789a0ebec5152b2c0985efe96a9f7ae1",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.111.0/_util/assert.ts": "2f868145a042a11d5ad0a3c748dcf580add8a0dbc0e876eaa0026303a5488f58",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.111.0/_util/os.ts": "dfb186cc4e968c770ab6cc3288bd65f4871be03b93beecae57d657232ecffcac",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.111.0/bytes/bytes_list.ts": "3bff6a09c72b2e0b1e92e29bd3b135053894196cca07a2bba842901073efe5cb",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.111.0/bytes/equals.ts": "69f55fdbd45c71f920c1a621e6c0865dc780cd8ae34e0f5e55a9497b70c31c1b",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.111.0/bytes/mod.ts": "fedb80b8da2e7ad8dd251148e65f92a04c73d6c5a430b7d197dc39588c8dda6f",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.111.0/fmt/colors.ts": "8368ddf2d48dfe413ffd04cdbb7ae6a1009cf0dccc9c7ff1d76259d9c61a0621",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.111.0/fs/_util.ts": "f2ce811350236ea8c28450ed822a5f42a0892316515b1cd61321dec13569c56b",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.111.0/fs/ensure_dir.ts": "b7c103dc41a3d1dbbb522bf183c519c37065fdc234831a4a0f7d671b1ed5fea7",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.111.0/hash/sha256.ts": "bd85257c68d1fdd9da8457284c4fbb04efa9f4f2229b5f41a638d5b71a3a8d5c",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.111.0/io/buffer.ts": "fdf93ba9e5d20ff3369e2c42443efd89131f8a73066f7f59c033cc588a0e2cfe",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.111.0/io/types.d.ts": "89a27569399d380246ca7cdd9e14d5e68459f11fb6110790cc5ecbd4ee7f3215",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.111.0/path/_constants.ts": "1247fee4a79b70c89f23499691ef169b41b6ccf01887a0abd131009c5581b853",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.111.0/path/_interface.ts": "1fa73b02aaa24867e481a48492b44f2598cd9dfa513c7b34001437007d3642e4",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.111.0/path/_util.ts": "2e06a3b9e79beaf62687196bd4b60a4c391d862cfa007a20fc3a39f778ba073b",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.111.0/path/common.ts": "f41a38a0719a1e85aa11c6ba3bea5e37c15dd009d705bd8873f94c833568cbc4",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.111.0/path/glob.ts": "ea87985765b977cc284b92771003b2070c440e0807c90e1eb0ff3e095911a820",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.111.0/path/mod.ts": "4465dc494f271b02569edbb4a18d727063b5dbd6ed84283ff906260970a15d12",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.111.0/path/posix.ts": "34349174b9cd121625a2810837a82dd8b986bbaaad5ade690d1de75bbb4555b2",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.111.0/path/separator.ts": "8fdcf289b1b76fd726a508f57d3370ca029ae6976fcde5044007f062e643ff1c",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.111.0/path/win32.ts": "11549e8c6df8307a8efcfa47ad7b2a75da743eac7d4c89c9723a944661c8bd2e",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.111.0/streams/conversion.ts": "fe0059ed9d3c53eda4ba44eb71a6a9acb98c5fdb5ba1b6c6ab28004724c7641b",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.128.0/_util/assert.ts": "e94f2eb37cebd7f199952e242c77654e43333c1ac4c5c700e929ea3aa5489f74",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.128.0/_util/os.ts": "49b92edea1e82ba295ec946de8ffd956ed123e2948d9bd1d3e901b04e4307617",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.128.0/fmt/colors.ts": "4575bb20edc666d3ae75fa9fac75f20e4cd423b280008094b05e423cc85047bb",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.128.0/fs/_util.ts": "0fb24eb4bfebc2c194fb1afdb42b9c3dda12e368f43e8f2321f84fc77d42cb0f",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.128.0/fs/empty_dir.ts": "7274d87160de34cbed0531e284df383045cf43543bbeadeb97feac598bd8f3c5",
-    "https://deno.land/std@0.128.0/fs/ensure_dir.ts": "9dc109c27df4098b9fc12d949612ae5c9c7169507660dcf9ad90631833209d9d",
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     "https://lra6z45nakk5lnu3yjchp7tftsdnwwikwr65ocha5eojfnlgu4sa.arweave.net/XEHs860CldW2m8JEd_5lnIbbWQq0fdcI4OkckrVmpyQ/_util/assert.ts": "e1f76e77c5ccb5a8e0dbbbe6cce3a56d2556c8cb5a9a8802fc9565af72462149",
     "https://lra6z45nakk5lnu3yjchp7tftsdnwwikwr65ocha5eojfnlgu4sa.arweave.net/XEHs860CldW2m8JEd_5lnIbbWQq0fdcI4OkckrVmpyQ/path/_constants.ts": "aba480c4a2c098b6374fdd5951fea13ecc8aaaf8b8aa4dae1871baa50243d676",
     "https://lra6z45nakk5lnu3yjchp7tftsdnwwikwr65ocha5eojfnlgu4sa.arweave.net/XEHs860CldW2m8JEd_5lnIbbWQq0fdcI4OkckrVmpyQ/path/_interface.ts": "67b276380d297a7cedc3c17f7a0bf122edcfc96a3e1f69de06f379d85ba0e2c0",
diff --git a/crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs b/crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs
index 7020c4bf7..1119d7bf6 100644
--- a/crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/loro-wasm/src/lib.rs
@@ -731,30 +731,11 @@ impl LoroTree {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    pub fn __txn_insert_meta(
-        &mut self,
-        txn: &mut Transaction,
-        target: JsTreeID,
-        key: &str,
-        value: JsValue,
-    ) -> JsResult<()> {
-        let target: JsValue = target.into();
-        self.0
-            .insert_meta(txn.as_mut()?, target.try_into().unwrap(), key, value.into())?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    pub fn __txn_get_meta(
-        &mut self,
-        txn: &mut Transaction,
-        target: JsTreeID,
-        key: &str,
-    ) -> JsResult<JsValue> {
+    pub fn __txn_get_meta(&mut self, txn: &mut Transaction, target: JsTreeID) -> JsResult<LoroMap> {
         let target: JsValue = target.into();
-        let ans = self
-            .0
-            .get_meta(txn.as_mut()?, target.try_into().unwrap(), key)?;
-        Ok(ans.into())
+        let meta = self.0.get_meta(txn.as_mut()?, target.try_into().unwrap())?;
+        // .insert_meta(txn.as_mut()?, target.try_into().unwrap(), key, value.into())?;
+        Ok(LoroMap(meta))
     }
 
     #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = "id", method, getter)]
diff --git a/loro-js/src/index.ts b/loro-js/src/index.ts
index e1d043c52..b2300aff5 100644
--- a/loro-js/src/index.ts
+++ b/loro-js/src/index.ts
@@ -106,12 +106,8 @@ LoroTree.prototype.delete = function(txn, target){
   this.__txn_delete(txn, target)
 }
 
-LoroTree.prototype.insertMeta = function(txn, target, key, value){
-  this.__txn_insert_meta(txn, target, key, value)
-}
-
-LoroTree.prototype.getMeta = function(txn, target, key){
-  return this.__txn_get_meta(txn, target, key)
+LoroTree.prototype.getMeta = function(txn, target){
+  return this.__txn_get_meta(txn, target)
 }
 
 export type Value =
@@ -296,8 +292,7 @@ declare module "loro-wasm" {
     delete(txn: Transaction, target: TreeID):void;
     move(txn: Transaction, target: TreeID, parent: TreeID):void;
     asRoot(txn: Transaction, target:TreeID):void;
-    insertMeta(txn: Transaction, target: TreeID, key: string, value: Value | Prelim):void;
-    getMeta(txn: Transaction, target: TreeID, key: string):Value;
+    getMeta(txn: Transaction, target: TreeID): LoroMap;
     subscribe(txn: Loro, listener: Listener): number;
     getDeepValue(): {roots: TreeNode[]};
   }
diff --git a/loro-js/tests/misc.test.ts b/loro-js/tests/misc.test.ts
index a38e17bd0..79f9440b7 100644
--- a/loro-js/tests/misc.test.ts
+++ b/loro-js/tests/misc.test.ts
@@ -366,6 +366,19 @@ describe("tree", () => {
     
     assertEquals(tree.parent(childID), id);
   })
+
+  it("meta", ()=>{
+    const id = loro.transact((txn)=>{
+      return tree.create(txn);
+    })
+    const meta = loro.transact((txn)=>{
+      const meta = tree.getMeta(txn, id);
+      meta.set(txn, "a", 123);
+      return meta;
+    })
+    assertEquals(meta.get("a"), 123);
+    
+  })
 })
 
 function one_ms(): Promise<void> {