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docker常用命令.html
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<h1 id="docker命令"><a href="#docker命令" class="headerlink" title="docker命令"></a>docker命令</h1><h2 id="docker基本命令"><a href="#docker基本命令" class="headerlink" title="docker基本命令"></a>docker基本命令</h2><h3 id="查看docker版本"><a href="#查看docker版本" class="headerlink" title="查看docker版本"></a>查看docker版本</h3><p><code>docker version</code></p>
<h3 id="查看docker信息"><a href="#查看docker信息" class="headerlink" title="查看docker信息"></a>查看docker信息</h3><p><code>docker info</code></p>
<h3 id="启动docker-服务"><a href="#启动docker-服务" class="headerlink" title="启动docker 服务"></a>启动docker 服务</h3><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo service docker start</span><br><span class="line">或者</span><br><span class="line">sudo systemctl start docker</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="镜像命令"><a href="#镜像命令" class="headerlink" title="镜像命令"></a>镜像命令</h2><h3 id="列出本机的所有image文件"><a href="#列出本机的所有image文件" class="headerlink" title="列出本机的所有image文件"></a>列出本机的所有image文件</h3><p><code>docker image ls</code></p>
<h3 id="删除image文件"><a href="#删除image文件" class="headerlink" title="删除image文件"></a>删除image文件</h3><p><code>docker image rm [imageName]</code></p>
<h3 id="拉取image文件"><a href="#拉取image文件" class="headerlink" title="拉取image文件"></a>拉取image文件</h3><p><code>docker image pull library/hello-world</code><br>library/hello-world是 image 文件在仓库里面的位置，其中library是 image 文件所在的组，hello-world是 image 文件的名字.因为Docker官方提供的镜像都在library中,所以可以省略library,即使用下面的命令<br><code>docker image pull hello-world</code></p>
<h3 id="运行image-文件"><a href="#运行image-文件" class="headerlink" title="运行image 文件"></a>运行image 文件</h3><p><code>docker container run hello-world</code><br>run命令每运行一次,就会新建一个容器.docker container run命令具有自动抓取 image 文件的功能。如果发现本地没有指定的 image 文件，就会从仓库自动抓取。因此，前面的docker image pull命令并不是必需的步骤.<br><code>-v</code>参数: 用来进行数据卷的挂载,将本机主机的目录挂载到容器的某一目录</p>
<h2 id="容器命令"><a href="#容器命令" class="headerlink" title="容器命令"></a>容器命令</h2><h3 id="终止容器"><a href="#终止容器" class="headerlink" title="终止容器"></a>终止容器</h3><p><code>docker container kill [containID]</code></p>
<blockquote>
<p>image 文件生成的容器实例，本身也是一个文件，称为容器文件。也就是说，一旦容器生成，就会同时存在两个文件： image 文件和容器文件。而且关闭容器并不会删除容器文件，只是容器停止运行而已。</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="列出本机正在运行的容器"><a href="#列出本机正在运行的容器" class="headerlink" title="列出本机正在运行的容器"></a>列出本机正在运行的容器</h3><p><code>docker container ls</code></p>
<h3 id="列出本机所有容器，包括终止运行的容器"><a href="#列出本机所有容器，包括终止运行的容器" class="headerlink" title="列出本机所有容器，包括终止运行的容器"></a>列出本机所有容器，包括终止运行的容器</h3><p><code>docker container ls --all</code></p>
<h3 id="删除容器文件"><a href="#删除容器文件" class="headerlink" title="删除容器文件"></a>删除容器文件</h3><p><code>docker container rm [containerID]</code>或<br><code>docker rm [containerID]</code><br>注: 删除正在运行的容器,需要添加<code>-f</code>参数;<code>-v</code>参数可以删除没有用的数据卷</p>
<h3 id="查看容器信息"><a href="#查看容器信息" class="headerlink" title="查看容器信息"></a>查看容器信息</h3><p><code>docker ps</code></p>
<h3 id="重启容器"><a href="#重启容器" class="headerlink" title="重启容器"></a>重启容器</h3><p>restart命令会将运行的容器终止,然后在重新启动<br><code>docker container restart [containerID 或 name]</code></p>
<h3 id="导出容器"><a href="#导出容器" class="headerlink" title="导出容器"></a>导出容器</h3><p>导出容器快照到本地文件<br><code>docker export [containerID]</code><br>示例:<br><code>docker export 7691a814370e > ubuntu.tar</code></p>
<h3 id="创建image-文件"><a href="#创建image-文件" class="headerlink" title="创建image 文件"></a>创建image 文件</h3><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker image build -t koa-demo .</span><br><span class="line">或者</span><br><span class="line">docker image build -t koa-demo:0.0.1 .</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><strong>-t</strong> 用来指定image 文件的名字,后面可以用冒号指定标签.如果不指定,默认的标签就是<strong>latest</strong>. 最后的点表示Dockerfile文件所在的路径,一个点表示当前路径</p>
<h3 id="从image文件生成容器"><a href="#从image文件生成容器" class="headerlink" title="从image文件生成容器"></a>从image文件生成容器</h3><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker container run -p 8000:3000 -it koa-demo /bin/bash</span><br><span class="line">或者</span><br><span class="line">docker container run -p 8000:3000 -it koa-demo:0.0.1 /bin/bash</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>参数含义:</p>
<figure class="highlight yml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="string">-p参数:</span> <span class="string">容器的3000端口映射到本机的8000端口.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">-it参数:</span> <span class="string">容器的Shell映射到当前的Shell,然后你在本机窗口输入的命令,就会传入容器.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">koa-demo:0.0.1:</span> <span class="string">image文件的名字,默认标签是latest.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">/bin/bash:</span> <span class="string">容器启动以后,内部第一个执行的命令.这里启动Bash,保证用户可以使用Shell</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><code>docker container run --rm -p 8000:3000 -it koa-demo /bin/bash</code><br>—rm参数:在容器终止运行后自动删除容器文件</p>
<h2 id="其他有用的命令"><a href="#其他有用的命令" class="headerlink" title="其他有用的命令"></a>其他有用的命令</h2><h3 id="docker-container-start"><a href="#docker-container-start" class="headerlink" title="docker container start"></a>docker container start</h3><p>前面的docker container run命令是新建容器，每运行一次，就会新建一个容器。同样的命令运行两次，就会生成两个一模一样的容器文件。如果希望重复使用容器，就要使用docker container start命令，它用来启动已经生成、已经停止运行的容器文件。<br><code>docker container start [containerID]</code></p>
<h3 id="docker-container-stop"><a href="#docker-container-stop" class="headerlink" title="docker container stop"></a>docker container stop</h3><p>前面的docker container kill命令终止容器运行，相当于向容器里面的主进程发出 SIGKILL 信号。而docker container stop命令也是用来终止容器运行，相当于向容器里面的主进程发出 SIGTERM 信号，然后过一段时间再发出 SIGKILL 信号.<br><code>docker container stop [containerID]</code><br>这两个信号的差别是，应用程序收到 SIGTERM 信号以后，可以自行进行收尾清理工作，但也可以不理会这个信号。如果收到 SIGKILL 信号，就会强行立即终止，那些正在进行中的操作会全部丢失。</p>
<h3 id="docker-container-logs"><a href="#docker-container-logs" class="headerlink" title="docker container logs"></a>docker container logs</h3><p>docker container logs命令用来查看 docker 容器的输出，即容器里面 Shell 的标准输出。如果docker run命令运行容器的时候，没有使用-it参数，就要用这个命令查看输出。<br><code>docker container logs [containerID]</code></p>
<h3 id="docker-container-exec"><a href="#docker-container-exec" class="headerlink" title="docker container exec"></a>docker container exec</h3><p>docker container exec命令用于进入一个正在运行的 docker 容器。如果docker run命令运行容器的时候，没有使用-it参数，就要用这个命令进入容器。一旦进入了容器，就可以在容器的 Shell 执行命令了。<br><code>docker container exec -it [containerID] /bin/bash</code></p>
<h3 id="docker-container-cp"><a href="#docker-container-cp" class="headerlink" title="docker container cp"></a>docker container cp</h3><p>docker container cp命令用于从正在运行的 Docker 容器里面，将文件拷贝到本机。下面是拷贝到当前目录的写法。<br><code>docker container cp [containID]:[/path/to/file] .</code></p>
<h3 id="删除所有不运行的容器"><a href="#删除所有不运行的容器" class="headerlink" title="删除所有不运行的容器"></a>删除所有不运行的容器</h3><p><code>docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)</code></p>
<p>参考文章:<a href="http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2018/02/docker-tutorial.html">Docker 入门教程-阮一峰</a></p>
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<div class="post-toc-content"><ol class="nav"><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#docker%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4"><span class="nav-number">1.</span> <span class="nav-text">docker命令</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#docker%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4"><span class="nav-number">1.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">docker基本命令</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8Bdocker%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC"><span class="nav-number">1.1.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">查看docker版本</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8Bdocker%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF"><span class="nav-number">1.1.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">查看docker信息</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%90%AF%E5%8A%A8docker-%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1"><span class="nav-number">1.1.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">启动docker 服务</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E9%95%9C%E5%83%8F%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4"><span class="nav-number">1.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">镜像命令</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%88%97%E5%87%BA%E6%9C%AC%E6%9C%BA%E7%9A%84%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89image%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6"><span class="nav-number">1.2.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">列出本机的所有image文件</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4image%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6"><span class="nav-number">1.2.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">删除image文件</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E6%8B%89%E5%8F%96image%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6"><span class="nav-number">1.2.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">拉取image文件</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E8%BF%90%E8%A1%8Cimage-%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6"><span class="nav-number">1.2.4.</span> <span class="nav-text">运行image 文件</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4"><span class="nav-number">1.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">容器命令</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E7%BB%88%E6%AD%A2%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8"><span class="nav-number">1.3.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">终止容器</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%88%97%E5%87%BA%E6%9C%AC%E6%9C%BA%E6%AD%A3%E5%9C%A8%E8%BF%90%E8%A1%8C%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8"><span class="nav-number">1.3.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">列出本机正在运行的容器</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%88%97%E5%87%BA%E6%9C%AC%E6%9C%BA%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8%EF%BC%8C%E5%8C%85%E6%8B%AC%E7%BB%88%E6%AD%A2%E8%BF%90%E8%A1%8C%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8"><span class="nav-number">1.3.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">列出本机所有容器，包括终止运行的容器</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6"><span class="nav-number">1.3.4.</span> <span class="nav-text">删除容器文件</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8B%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF"><span class="nav-number">1.3.5.</span> <span class="nav-text">查看容器信息</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E9%87%8D%E5%90%AF%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8"><span class="nav-number">1.3.6.</span> <span class="nav-text">重启容器</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%AF%BC%E5%87%BA%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8"><span class="nav-number">1.3.7.</span> <span class="nav-text">导出容器</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BAimage-%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6"><span class="nav-number">1.3.8.</span> <span class="nav-text">创建image 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