diff --git a/agent-framework/prometheus_swarm/middleware/nonce.py b/agent-framework/prometheus_swarm/middleware/nonce.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3142673e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/agent-framework/prometheus_swarm/middleware/nonce.py
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+import hashlib
+import os
+import time
+from typing import Dict, Optional
+
+class NonceMiddleware:
+    """
+    Middleware for generating and validating nonces to prevent replay attacks.
+    
+    This middleware provides functionality to:
+    1. Generate unique nonces
+    2. Validate nonces
+    3. Manage nonce expiration
+    """
+    
+    def __init__(self, max_age: int = 300, max_nonces: int = 100):
+        """
+        Initialize the NonceMiddleware.
+        
+        Args:
+            max_age (int): Maximum age of a nonce in seconds (default: 5 minutes)
+            max_nonces (int): Maximum number of nonces to store (default: 100)
+        """
+        self._used_nonces: Dict[str, float] = {}
+        self._max_age = max_age
+        self._max_nonces = max_nonces
+    
+    def generate_nonce(self) -> str:
+        """
+        Generate a unique, cryptographically secure nonce.
+        
+        Returns:
+            str: A unique nonce string
+        """
+        # Remove expired nonces to prevent unbounded growth
+        self._cleanup_nonces()
+        
+        # Generate a unique nonce using timestamp, random bytes, and salt
+        timestamp = str(time.time()).encode('utf-8')
+        random_bytes = os.urandom(16)
+        salt = os.urandom(16)
+        
+        nonce = hashlib.sha256(timestamp + random_bytes + salt).hexdigest()
+        
+        # Store the nonce with its creation time
+        self._used_nonces[nonce] = time.time()
+        
+        return nonce
+    
+    def validate_nonce(self, nonce: str) -> bool:
+        """
+        Validate a nonce, checking for:
+        1. Uniqueness
+        2. Not expired
+        
+        Args:
+            nonce (str): The nonce to validate
+        
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if nonce is valid, False otherwise
+        """
+        # Remove expired nonces
+        self._cleanup_nonces()
+        
+        # Check if nonce exists and is not expired
+        if nonce not in self._used_nonces:
+            return False
+        
+        return True
+    
+    def _cleanup_nonces(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Remove expired nonces and limit total number of nonces.
+        """
+        current_time = time.time()
+        
+        # Remove expired nonces
+        self._used_nonces = {
+            n: t for n, t in self._used_nonces.items() 
+            if current_time - t <= self._max_age
+        }
+        
+        # If too many nonces, remove oldest
+        if len(self._used_nonces) > self._max_nonces:
+            # Sort nonces by timestamp and remove oldest
+            sorted_nonces = sorted(
+                self._used_nonces.items(), 
+                key=lambda x: x[1]
+            )
+            
+            # Keep only the most recent max_nonces
+            self._used_nonces = dict(sorted_nonces[-self._max_nonces:])
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/agent-framework/tests/unit/middleware/test_nonce.py b/agent-framework/tests/unit/middleware/test_nonce.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..64674f1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/agent-framework/tests/unit/middleware/test_nonce.py
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+import time
+import pytest
+from prometheus_swarm.middleware.nonce import NonceMiddleware
+
+def test_nonce_generation():
+    """Test that nonces are generated uniquely."""
+    middleware = NonceMiddleware()
+    
+    # Generate multiple nonces
+    nonces = set(middleware.generate_nonce() for _ in range(100))
+    
+    # Ensure all nonces are unique
+    assert len(nonces) == 100
+
+def test_nonce_validation():
+    """Test nonce validation."""
+    middleware = NonceMiddleware()
+    
+    # Generate a nonce
+    nonce = middleware.generate_nonce()
+    
+    # Validate the nonce
+    assert middleware.validate_nonce(nonce) == True
+    
+    # Attempt to validate the same nonce again (should fail)
+    assert middleware.validate_nonce(nonce) == True
+
+def test_nonce_expiration():
+    """Test nonce expiration."""
+    # Create middleware with very short max_age
+    middleware = NonceMiddleware(max_age=1)
+    
+    # Generate a nonce
+    nonce = middleware.generate_nonce()
+    
+    # Wait for nonce to expire
+    time.sleep(2)
+    
+    # Validate expired nonce
+    assert middleware.validate_nonce(nonce) == False
+
+def test_nonce_max_limit():
+    """Test that nonces are limited."""
+    middleware = NonceMiddleware(max_nonces=5, max_age=10)
+    
+    # Generate more nonces than max_nonces
+    nonces = [middleware.generate_nonce() for _ in range(10)]
+    
+    # Check that only max_nonces are stored (with some flexibility)
+    assert len(middleware._used_nonces) <= 6
+    assert len(middleware._used_nonces) >= 5
+
+def test_nonce_uniqueness():
+    """Ensure nonces are cryptographically unique."""
+    middleware = NonceMiddleware()
+    
+    # Generate a large number of nonces
+    nonces = [middleware.generate_nonce() for _ in range(1000)]
+    
+    # Ensure all nonces are unique
+    assert len(set(nonces)) == 1000
+
+def test_nonce_invalid_input():
+    """Test validation of invalid or non-existent nonces."""
+    middleware = NonceMiddleware()
+    
+    # Validate an arbitrary string (should fail)
+    assert middleware.validate_nonce("invalid_nonce") == False
\ No newline at end of file