Optimize SparseCore input preprocessing by eliminating buffer copies.

*   Introducing `OutputBufferViews`, allowing
    the caller to pass views of the destination buffers.
*   Modifying `CsrArraysPerHost` to optionally use `Eigen::Map` to wrap
    these buffers when provided. We can avoid populating large CSR arrays in the preprocessing return values and skip the data copy step.

PiperOrigin-RevId: 831179831

Author: Google-ML-Automation

jax_tpu_embedding/sparsecore/lib/core/BUILD

@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ cc_library(
         ":partitioned_coo_tensors",
         "@com_google_absl//absl/base:core_headers",
         "@com_google_absl//absl/base:nullability",
+        "@com_google_absl//absl/container:flat_hash_map",
         "@com_google_absl//absl/log",
         "@com_google_absl//absl/log:check",
         "@com_google_absl//absl/strings:string_view",

jax_tpu_embedding/sparsecore/lib/core/input_preprocessing.cc

@@ -113,6 +113,26 @@ void CheckDeviceBatchSize(int batch_size_for_device, int num_sc_per_device,
       batch_size_for_device, stacked_table_name, num_sc_per_device);
 }
 
+CsrArraysPerHost CreateCsrArraysPerHost(
+    absl::string_view name,
+    const PreprocessSparseDenseMatmulInputOptions& options,
+    int coo_buffer_size_per_device, int row_pointers_size_per_bucket) {
+  const int row_pointers_dim = row_pointers_size_per_bucket *
+                               (options.enable_minibatching
+                                    ? CooFormat::kMaxMinibatchingBuckets
+                                    : 1) *
+                               options.num_sc_per_device;
+  if (options.output_buffers) {
+    auto it = options.output_buffers->find(name);
+    if (it != options.output_buffers->end()) {
+      return CsrArraysPerHost(options.local_device_count, row_pointers_dim,
+                              coo_buffer_size_per_device, it->second);
+    }
+  }
+  return CsrArraysPerHost(options.local_device_count, row_pointers_dim,
+                          coo_buffer_size_per_device);
+}
+
 // Holds the state for processing a single stacked table across all local
 // devices. This includes extracted COO tensors, partitioned COO tensors,
 // CSR arrays, and statistics.
@@ -138,13 +158,9 @@ struct TableState {
         coo_buffer_size_per_device(ComputeCooBufferSizePerDevice(
             num_scs, options.num_sc_per_device, metadata, options.batch_number,
             options.enable_minibatching)),
-        csr_arrays_per_host(options.local_device_count,
-                            row_pointers_size_per_bucket *
-                                (options.enable_minibatching
-                                     ? CooFormat::kMaxMinibatchingBuckets
-                                     : 1) *
-                                options.num_sc_per_device,
-                            coo_buffer_size_per_device),
+        csr_arrays_per_host(CreateCsrArraysPerHost(
+            name, options, coo_buffer_size_per_device,
+            row_pointers_size_per_bucket)),
         stats_per_host(options.local_device_count, options.GetNumScs(),
                        options.num_sc_per_device),
         batch_size_for_device(0) {
@@ -419,14 +435,20 @@ void PopulateOutput(TableState& state, PreprocessSparseDenseMatmulOutput& out,
   state.stats_per_host.Flatten();
 
   absl::MutexLock mutex_lock(output_mutex);
-  out.lhs_row_pointers[state.stacked_table_name] =
-      std::move(state.csr_arrays_per_host.row_pointers);
-  out.lhs_embedding_ids[state.stacked_table_name] =
-      std::move(state.csr_arrays_per_host.embedding_ids);
-  out.lhs_sample_ids[state.stacked_table_name] =
-      std::move(state.csr_arrays_per_host.sample_ids);
-  out.lhs_gains[state.stacked_table_name] =
-      std::move(state.csr_arrays_per_host.gains);
+  // If `owns_data` is true, it indicates that the data is owned
+  // by `CsrArraysPerHost`, so we need to move it to the output. Otherwise,
+  // the data has already been written directly into the output buffers via
+  // `views`, and no move is necessary.
+  if (state.csr_arrays_per_host.owns_data) {
+    out.lhs_row_pointers[state.stacked_table_name] =
+        std::move(state.csr_arrays_per_host.row_pointers);
+    out.lhs_embedding_ids[state.stacked_table_name] =
+        std::move(state.csr_arrays_per_host.embedding_ids);
+    out.lhs_sample_ids[state.stacked_table_name] =
+        std::move(state.csr_arrays_per_host.sample_ids);
+    out.lhs_gains[state.stacked_table_name] =
+        std::move(state.csr_arrays_per_host.gains);
+  }
 
   out.stats.max_ids_per_partition[state.stacked_table_name] =
       std::move(state.stats_per_host.max_ids_per_partition);

jax_tpu_embedding/sparsecore/lib/core/input_preprocessing_test.cc

@@ -57,6 +57,8 @@ using ::testing::Each;
 using ::testing::ElementsAreArray;
 using ::testing::Eq;
 using ::testing::Gt;
+using ::testing::NanSensitiveFloatEq;
+using ::testing::Pointwise;
 using ::testing::SizeIs;
 
 std::unique_ptr<AbstractInputBatch> CreateInputBatchFromSamples(
@@ -1387,5 +1389,68 @@ FUZZ_TEST(InputPreprocessingFuzzTest, StatsValidationTest)
             {FeatureStackingStrategy::kStackThenSplit,
              FeatureStackingStrategy::kSplitThenStack}));
 
+TEST_F(TableStackingTest,
+       PreprocessingWithAndWithoutOutputBuffersIsEquivalent) {
+  PreprocessSparseDenseMatmulInputOptions options{
+      .local_device_count = 1,
+      .global_device_count = 2,
+      .num_sc_per_device = 4,
+      .feature_stacking_strategy = FeatureStackingStrategy::kStackThenSplit};
+  absl::flat_hash_map<std::string, std::vector<StackedTableMetadata>>
+      stacked_tables({{"table_0", stacked_table_metadata_multi_}});
+
+  TF_ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(
+      PreprocessSparseDenseMatmulOutput output_matrix,
+      PreprocessSparseDenseMatmulInput(absl::MakeSpan(input_batches_multi_),
+                                       stacked_tables, options));
+
+  const int num_scs = options.GetNumScs();
+  const int coo_buffer_size_per_device =
+      ComputeCooBufferSizePerDevice(num_scs, options.num_sc_per_device,
+                                    stacked_table_metadata_multi_, 0, false);
+  const int row_pointers_size =
+      std::max(num_scs, TPU_VECTOR_REGISTER_ALIGNMENT_SIZE) *
+      options.num_sc_per_device;
+  std::vector<int> row_pointers_data(row_pointers_size, INT_MAX);
+  std::vector<int> embedding_ids_data(coo_buffer_size_per_device, INT_MAX);
+  std::vector<int> sample_ids_data(coo_buffer_size_per_device, INT_MAX);
+  std::vector<float> gains_data(coo_buffer_size_per_device, std::nanf(""));
+  absl::flat_hash_map<std::string, internal::CsrArraysPerDevice> output_buffers;
+  output_buffers["table_0"] = internal::CsrArraysPerDevice{
+      .row_pointers = absl::MakeSpan(row_pointers_data),
+      .embedding_ids = absl::MakeSpan(embedding_ids_data),
+      .sample_ids = absl::MakeSpan(sample_ids_data),
+      .gains = absl::MakeSpan(gains_data),
+  };
+  options.output_buffers = &output_buffers;
+
+  TF_ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(
+      PreprocessSparseDenseMatmulOutput output_zero_copy,
+      PreprocessSparseDenseMatmulInput(absl::MakeSpan(input_batches_multi_),
+                                       stacked_tables, options));
+  options.output_buffers = nullptr;  // for next test
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(output_matrix.lhs_row_pointers["table_0"].rows(), 1);
+  ASSERT_EQ(output_matrix.lhs_embedding_ids["table_0"].rows(), 1);
+  ASSERT_EQ(output_matrix.lhs_sample_ids["table_0"].rows(), 1);
+  ASSERT_EQ(output_matrix.lhs_gains["table_0"].rows(), 1);
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(row_pointers_data,
+              ElementsAreArray(absl::MakeConstSpan(
+                  output_matrix.lhs_row_pointers["table_0"].data(),
+                  row_pointers_size)));
+  for (int i = 0; i < coo_buffer_size_per_device; ++i) {
+    if (embedding_ids_data[i] != INT_MAX) {
+      EXPECT_EQ(embedding_ids_data[i],
+                output_matrix.lhs_embedding_ids["table_0"].data()[i]);
+      EXPECT_EQ(sample_ids_data[i],
+                output_matrix.lhs_sample_ids["table_0"].data()[i]);
+      EXPECT_THAT(
+          gains_data[i],
+          NanSensitiveFloatEq(output_matrix.lhs_gains["table_0"].data()[i]));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 }  // namespace
 }  // namespace jax_sc_embedding

jax_tpu_embedding/sparsecore/lib/core/input_preprocessing_util.cc

@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ bool ValidIndices(int row_index, int coo_offset, int processed,
 
 // Pad the row pointers buffer to the end of the buffer.
 void PadRowPointersBuffer(int& lhs_row_offset, int padding, int row_end,
-                          Eigen::Ref<RowVectorXi> row_pointers) {
+                          absl::Span<int> row_pointers) {
   while (lhs_row_offset < row_end) {
     row_pointers[lhs_row_offset++] = padding;
   }

jax_tpu_embedding/sparsecore/lib/core/input_preprocessing_util.h

@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@
 
 #include "absl/base/attributes.h"  // from @com_google_absl
 #include "absl/base/nullability.h"  // from @com_google_absl
+#include "absl/container/flat_hash_map.h"  // from @com_google_absl
+#include "absl/log/check.h"  // from @com_google_absl
 #include "absl/strings/string_view.h"  // from @com_google_absl
 #include "absl/types/span.h"  // from @com_google_absl
 #include "Eigen/Core"  // from @eigen_archive
@@ -60,10 +62,10 @@ using BlockRow = Eigen::Block<MatrixX<T>, 1, Eigen::Dynamic, Eigen::RowMajor>;
 namespace internal {
 
 struct CsrArraysPerDevice {
-  BlockRow<int> row_pointers;
-  BlockRow<int> embedding_ids;
-  BlockRow<int> sample_ids;
-  BlockRow<float> gains;
+  absl::Span<int> row_pointers;
+  absl::Span<int> embedding_ids;
+  absl::Span<int> sample_ids;
+  absl::Span<float> gains;
 };
 
 struct StatsPerDevice {
@@ -81,21 +83,58 @@ struct CsrArraysPerHost {
   MatrixXi sample_ids;
   MatrixXf gains;
 
+  internal::CsrArraysPerDevice views;
+  bool owns_data = false;
+
+  const int local_device_count_;
+
   CsrArraysPerHost(int local_device_count, int row_pointers_size_per_device,
                    int coo_buffer_size_per_device)
       : row_pointers(local_device_count, row_pointers_size_per_device),
         embedding_ids(local_device_count, coo_buffer_size_per_device),
         sample_ids(local_device_count, coo_buffer_size_per_device),
-        gains(local_device_count, coo_buffer_size_per_device) {}
+        gains(local_device_count, coo_buffer_size_per_device),
+        owns_data(true),
+        local_device_count_(local_device_count) {
+    views = {absl::MakeSpan(row_pointers.data(), row_pointers.size()),
+             absl::MakeSpan(embedding_ids.data(), embedding_ids.size()),
+             absl::MakeSpan(sample_ids.data(), sample_ids.size()),
+             absl::MakeSpan(gains.data(), gains.size())};
+  }
+
+  CsrArraysPerHost(int local_device_count, int row_pointers_size_per_device,
+                   int coo_buffer_size_per_device,
+                   internal::CsrArraysPerDevice output_buffers)
+      : views(output_buffers),
+        owns_data(false),
+        local_device_count_(local_device_count) {
+    CHECK_EQ(output_buffers.row_pointers.size(),
+             local_device_count * row_pointers_size_per_device);
+    CHECK_EQ(output_buffers.embedding_ids.size(),
+             local_device_count * coo_buffer_size_per_device);
+    CHECK_EQ(output_buffers.sample_ids.size(),
+             local_device_count * coo_buffer_size_per_device);
+    CHECK_EQ(output_buffers.gains.size(),
+             local_device_count * coo_buffer_size_per_device);
+  }
 
   internal::CsrArraysPerDevice GetCsrArraysPerDevice(int local_device_id)
       ABSL_ATTRIBUTE_LIFETIME_BOUND {
-    return internal::CsrArraysPerDevice{
-        .row_pointers = row_pointers.row(local_device_id),
-        .embedding_ids = embedding_ids.row(local_device_id),
-        .sample_ids = sample_ids.row(local_device_id),
-        .gains = gains.row(local_device_id),
-    };
+    int row_pointers_size_per_device =
+        views.row_pointers.size() / local_device_count_;
+    int coo_buffer_size_per_device =
+        views.embedding_ids.size() / local_device_count_;
+    return {views.row_pointers.subspan(
+                local_device_id * row_pointers_size_per_device,
+                row_pointers_size_per_device),
+            views.embedding_ids.subspan(
+                local_device_id * coo_buffer_size_per_device,
+                coo_buffer_size_per_device),
+            views.sample_ids.subspan(
+                local_device_id * coo_buffer_size_per_device,
+                coo_buffer_size_per_device),
+            views.gains.subspan(local_device_id * coo_buffer_size_per_device,
+                                coo_buffer_size_per_device)};
   }
 };
 
@@ -195,6 +234,10 @@ struct PreprocessSparseDenseMatmulInputOptions {
   // mini-batching to synchronize state across different hosts.
   AllReduceInterface* absl_nullable all_reduce_interface;
 
+  // If provided, CSR data will be written directly to these buffers.
+  const absl::flat_hash_map<std::string, internal::CsrArraysPerDevice>*
+      output_buffers = nullptr;
+
   // Hash function used for creating minibatching buckets.
   CooFormat::HashFn minibatching_bucketing_hash_fn = HighwayHash;
 

jax_tpu_embedding/sparsecore/lib/core/input_preprocessing_util_test.cc

@@ -1270,4 +1270,38 @@ TEST(InputPreprocessingUtilTest,
 }
 
 }  // namespace
+
+TEST(CsrArraysPerHostTest,
+     CreatingCsrArraysPerHostFromExternalArraysTriggersZeroCopies) {
+  const int kLocalDeviceCount = 1;
+  const int kRpSize = 10;
+  const int kCooSize = 20;
+  std::vector<int> rp_data(kRpSize, 0);
+  std::vector<int> eid_data(kCooSize, 0);
+  std::vector<int> sid_data(kCooSize, 0);
+  std::vector<float> gains_data(kCooSize, 0.0);
+
+  internal::CsrArraysPerDevice buffers{
+      .row_pointers = absl::MakeSpan(rp_data),
+      .embedding_ids = absl::MakeSpan(eid_data),
+      .sample_ids = absl::MakeSpan(sid_data),
+      .gains = absl::MakeSpan(gains_data),
+  };
+
+  CsrArraysPerHost csr_arrays_per_host(kLocalDeviceCount, kRpSize, kCooSize,
+                                       buffers);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(csr_arrays_per_host.owns_data);
+
+  internal::CsrArraysPerDevice device_array =
+      csr_arrays_per_host.GetCsrArraysPerDevice(0);
+  device_array.row_pointers[0] = 1;
+  device_array.embedding_ids[0] = 2;
+  device_array.sample_ids[0] = 3;
+  device_array.gains[0] = 4.0;
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(rp_data[0], 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(eid_data[0], 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(sid_data[0], 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(gains_data[0], 4.0);
+}
 }  // namespace jax_sc_embedding