Repository navigation
Expand file tree
/
Copy pathvisualize-invariance.html
More file actions
339 lines (333 loc) · 19.2 KB
/
Copy pathvisualize-invariance.html
File metadata and controls
339 lines (333 loc) · 19.2 KB
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.1.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-WskhaSGFgHYWDcbwN70/dfYBj47jz9qbsMId/iRN3ewGhXQFZCSftd1LZCfmhktB" crossorigin="anonymous">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="assets/vsi/css/vsi.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-12">
<br>
<h1 class="text-center">What Does CNN Shift Invariance Look Like?<br>A Visualization Study</h1>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-4">
<table class="table table-borderless table-sm text-center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="font-size:22px;"><a href="http://www.jakehlee.com/">
Jake Lee
</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="font-size:22px;">
Columbia University
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-4">
<table class="table table-borderless table-sm text-center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="font-size:22px;"><a href="http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~junfeng/">
Junfeng Yang
</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="font-size:22px;">
Columbia University
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-4">
<table class="table table-borderless table-sm text-center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="font-size:22px;"><a href="https://vita-group.github.io/">
Zhangyang Wang
</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="font-size:22px;">
University of Texas at Austin
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row" style="font-size:22px;">
<div class="col-lg-12 text-center">
Presented at ECCV RLQ-TOD 2020 Workshop <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.04127">[arXiv]</a>
<br>
Supplemental figures provided below
</div>
<div class="col-lg-12 text-center">
<a href="https://jakehlee.github.io/interactive-invariance/" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg">Try our Interactive Demo!</a>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-2"></div>
<div class="col-md-8">
<img src="assets/vsi/img/teaser.png" class="img-fluid" alt="Figure 1">
</div>
<div class="col-md-2"></div>
</div>
<hr>
<div>
<h1 class="text-center">Abstract</h1>
<br>
<p class="text-left lead">Feature extraction with convolutional neural networks (CNNs) is a popular method to represent images for machine learning tasks. These representations seek to capture global image content, and ideally should be independent of geometric transformations. We focus on measuring and visualizing the shift invariance of extracted features from popular off-the-shelf CNN models. We present the results of three experiments comparing representations of millions of images with exhaustively shifted objects, examining both local invariance (within a few pixels) and global invariance (across the image frame). We conclude that features extracted from popular networks are not globally invariant, and that biases and artifacts exist within this variance. Additionally, we determine that anti-aliased models significantly improve local invariance, but do not impact global invariance. Finally, we provide a code repository for experiment reproduction, as well as a website to interact with our results.</p>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="text-center">
<h1>Code & Data</h1>
</div>
<br>
<dl class="row" style="font-size:22px;">
<dt class="col-sm-6 text-switch">Experiment scripts</dt>
<dd class="col-sm-6"><a href="">[To Be Added]</a></dd>
<dt class="col-sm-6 text-switch">Interactive site source</dt>
<dd class="col-sm-6"><a href="https://github.com/jakehlee/interactive-invariance">[GitHub Repo]</a></dd>
</dl>
<hr>
<div>
<h1 class="text-center">Paper</h1>
<br>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-2"></div>
<div class="col-lg-4">
<div class="img-stack">
<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.04127"><img src="assets/vid/pages/1.png" class="stack-1"></a>
<img src="assets/vid/pages/2.png" class="stack-2">
<img src="assets/vid/pages/3.png" class="stack-3">
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-4" style="display: flex; align-items: center;">
<div class="text-left">
Jake Lee, Junfeng Yang, Zhangyang Wang
<br>
<strong>What Does CNN Shift Invariance Look Like? A Visualization Study</strong>
<br>
Accepted
<br>
<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.04127">[arXiv]</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-2"></div>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div>
<h1 class="text-center">Figure 3 Additional Heatmaps: Large-Patch Dataset</h1>
<p>Cosine similarity heatmaps of the large-patch dataset. Each pixel represents the average cosine similarity of different object patches at that shift location.</p>
<table class="table">
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Model</th>
<th scope="col" class="text-center">Top-Left</th>
<th scope="col" class="text-center">Top-Right</th>
<th scope="col" class="text-center">Center</th>
<th scope="col" class="text-center">Bottom-Left</th>
<th scope="col" class="text-center">Bottom-Right</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th scope="row">AlexNet fc6 <br> Off-the-Shelf</th>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc6_export/alexfc6_large_white/tl.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc6_export/alexfc6_large_white/tr.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc6_export/alexfc6_large_white/c.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc6_export/alexfc6_large_white/bl.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc6_export/alexfc6_large_white/br.png"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">AlexNet fc6 <br> Anti-Aliased</th>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc6_export/alexfc6_large_white_AA/tl.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc6_export/alexfc6_large_white_AA/tr.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc6_export/alexfc6_large_white_AA/c.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc6_export/alexfc6_large_white_AA/bl.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc6_export/alexfc6_large_white_AA/br.png"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">AlexNet fc7 <br> Off-the-Shelf</th>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc7_export/fc7_large_white/tl.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc7_export/fc7_large_white/tr.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc7_export/fc7_large_white/c.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc7_export/fc7_large_white/bl.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc7_export/fc7_large_white/br.png"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">AlexNet fc7 <br> Anti-Aliased</th>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc7_export/fc7_large_white_AA/tl.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc7_export/fc7_large_white_AA/tr.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc7_export/fc7_large_white_AA/c.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc7_export/fc7_large_white_AA/bl.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc7_export/fc7_large_white_AA/br.png"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">AlexNet fc8 <br> Off-the-Shelf</th>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc8_export/alexfc8_large_white/tl.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc8_export/alexfc8_large_white/tr.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc8_export/alexfc8_large_white/c.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc8_export/alexfc8_large_white/bl.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc8_export/alexfc8_large_white/br.png"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">AlexNet fc8 <br> Anti-Aliased</th>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc8_export/alexfc8_large_white_AA/tl.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc8_export/alexfc8_large_white_AA/tr.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc8_export/alexfc8_large_white_AA/c.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc8_export/alexfc8_large_white_AA/bl.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc8_export/alexfc8_large_white_AA/br.png"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">ResNet-50 <br> Off-the-Shelf</th>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/resnet50_export/resnet_large_white/tl.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/resnet50_export/resnet_large_white/tr.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/resnet50_export/resnet_large_white/c.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/resnet50_export/resnet_large_white/bl.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/resnet50_export/resnet_large_white/br.png"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">ResNet-50 <br> Anti-Aliased</th>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/resnet50_export/resnet_large_white_AA/tl.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/resnet50_export/resnet_large_white_AA/tr.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/resnet50_export/resnet_large_white_AA/c.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/resnet50_export/resnet_large_white_AA/bl.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/resnet50_export/resnet_large_white_AA/br.png"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">MobileNetV2 <br> Off-the-Shelf</th>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/mobilenet_export/mobile_large_white/tl.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/mobilenet_export/mobile_large_white/tr.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/mobilenet_export/mobile_large_white/c.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/mobilenet_export/mobile_large_white/bl.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/mobilenet_export/mobile_large_white/br.png"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">MobileNetV2 <br> Anti-Aliased</th>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/mobilenet_export/mobile_large_white_AA/tl.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/mobilenet_export/mobile_large_white_AA/tr.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/mobilenet_export/mobile_large_white_AA/c.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/mobilenet_export/mobile_large_white_AA/bl.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/mobilenet_export/mobile_large_white_AA/br.png"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<hr>
<div>
<h1 class="text-center">Figure 4 Additional Heatmaps: Small-Patch Dataset</h1>
<p>Cosine similarity heatmaps of the small-patch dataset. Each pixel represents the average cosine similarity of different object patches at that shift location.</p>
<table class="table">
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Model</th>
<th scope="col" class="text-center">Top-Left</th>
<th scope="col" class="text-center">Top-Right</th>
<th scope="col" class="text-center">Center</th>
<th scope="col" class="text-center">Bottom-Left</th>
<th scope="col" class="text-center">Bottom-Right</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th scope="row">AlexNet fc6 <br> Off-the-Shelf</th>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc6_export/alexfc6_small_white/tl.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc6_export/alexfc6_small_white/tr.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc6_export/alexfc6_small_white/c.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc6_export/alexfc6_small_white/bl.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc6_export/alexfc6_small_white/br.png"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">AlexNet fc6 <br> Anti-Aliased</th>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc6_export/alexfc6_small_white_AA/tl.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc6_export/alexfc6_small_white_AA/tr.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc6_export/alexfc6_small_white_AA/c.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc6_export/alexfc6_small_white_AA/bl.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc6_export/alexfc6_small_white_AA/br.png"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">AlexNet fc7 <br> Off-the-Shelf</th>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc7_export/fc7_small_white/tl.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc7_export/fc7_small_white/tr.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc7_export/fc7_small_white/c.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc7_export/fc7_small_white/bl.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc7_export/fc7_small_white/br.png"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">AlexNet fc7 <br> Anti-Aliased</th>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc7_export/fc7_small_white_AA/tl.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc7_export/fc7_small_white_AA/tr.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc7_export/fc7_small_white_AA/c.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc7_export/fc7_small_white_AA/bl.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc7_export/fc7_small_white_AA/br.png"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">AlexNet fc8 <br> Off-the-Shelf</th>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc8_export/alexfc8_small_white/tl.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc8_export/alexfc8_small_white/tr.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc8_export/alexfc8_small_white/c.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc8_export/alexfc8_small_white/bl.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc8_export/alexfc8_small_white/br.png"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">AlexNet fc8 <br> Anti-Aliased</th>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc8_export/alexfc8_small_white_AA/tl.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc8_export/alexfc8_small_white_AA/tr.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc8_export/alexfc8_small_white_AA/c.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc8_export/alexfc8_small_white_AA/bl.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/alexfc8_export/alexfc8_small_white_AA/br.png"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">ResNet-50 <br> Off-the-Shelf</th>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/resnet50_export/resnet_small_white/tl.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/resnet50_export/resnet_small_white/tr.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/resnet50_export/resnet_small_white/c.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/resnet50_export/resnet_small_white/bl.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/resnet50_export/resnet_small_white/br.png"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">ResNet-50 <br> Anti-Aliased</th>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/resnet50_export/resnet_small_white_AA/tl.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/resnet50_export/resnet_small_white_AA/tr.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/resnet50_export/resnet_small_white_AA/c.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/resnet50_export/resnet_small_white_AA/bl.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/resnet50_export/resnet_small_white_AA/br.png"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">MobileNetV2 <br> Off-the-Shelf</th>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/mobilenet_export/mobile_small_white/tl.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/mobilenet_export/mobile_small_white/tr.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/mobilenet_export/mobile_small_white/c.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/mobilenet_export/mobile_small_white/bl.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/mobilenet_export/mobile_small_white/br.png"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">MobileNetV2 <br> Anti-Aliased</th>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/mobilenet_export/mobile_small_white_AA/tl.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/mobilenet_export/mobile_small_white_AA/tr.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/mobilenet_export/mobile_small_white_AA/c.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/mobilenet_export/mobile_small_white_AA/bl.png"></td>
<td class="text-center heatmap"><img src="assets/vsi/img/mobilenet_export/mobile_small_white_AA/br.png"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.3.1.slim.min.js" integrity="sha384-q8i/X+965DzO0rT7abK41JStQIAqVgRVzpbzo5smXKp4YfRvH+8abtTE1Pi6jizo" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.14.3/umd/popper.min.js" integrity="sha384-ZMP7rVo3mIykV+2+9J3UJ46jBk0WLaUAdn689aCwoqbBJiSnjAK/l8WvCWPIPm49" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.1.1/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-smHYKdLADwkXOn1EmN1qk/HfnUcbVRZyYmZ4qpPea6sjB/pTJ0euyQp0Mk8ck+5T" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
</body>
</html>