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% 57North Hacklab articles
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{palatino}
%\usepackage{draftwatermark}
\title{Articles of 57 North Hacklab Ltd}
\date{16th Apr 2019}
% Following method of clause numbering is outlined in comp.text.tex
% posting of 16th Feb 2009
%
% Define a macro to allow the hanging of text from a marker
\makeatletter
\newcommand*{\hangfrom}[1]{%
\setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{{#1}}%
\hangindent \wd\@tempboxa
\noindent\box\@tempboxa}
\makeatother
% Define clause numbering counters
\newcounter{clause}
\renewcommand\theclause{\arabic{clause}}
\newcounter{subclause}[clause]
\renewcommand\thesubclause{\arabic{clause}.\arabic{subclause}}
\newcounter{subsubclause}[subclause]
\renewcommand\thesubsubclause{\arabic{clause}.\arabic{subclause}.\arabic{subsubclause}}
\newcommand\clause[1]{%
\refstepcounter{clause}
\par\hangfrom{{\csname theclause\endcsname}\quad }{#1\par}}
\newcommand\subclause[1]{%
\refstepcounter{subclause}
\par\hangfrom{\quad{\csname thesubclause\endcsname}\quad }{#1\par}}
\newcommand\subsubclause[1]{%
\refstepcounter{subsubclause}
\par\hangfrom{\quad\quad{\csname thesubsubclause\endcsname}\quad }{#1\par}}
% Put a gap between the clauses
\addtolength{\parskip}{\baselineskip}
% Don't number the headings
\setcounter{secnumdepth}{0}
% Shortcut to save some typing
\newcommand{\charityact}{Charities and Trustee Investment (Scotland) Act 2005}
\newcommand{\companyact}{Companies Act 2006}
% End of preamble
\begin{document}
\begin{titlepage}
\vspace*{\fill}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.35\textwidth]{logo.pdf}\\[1.5cm]
\textsc{\LARGE 57NORTH HACKLAB LTD}\\[1.5cm]
\textsc{\Large SC470230}\\[1.5cm]
\textsc{\Large Articles of Association}\\[1.5cm]
{\large 16\textsuperscript{th} April 2019}
\end{center}
\vspace*{\fill}
\end{titlepage}
\section{General}
\subsection{Name}
\clause{The name of the organisation shall be ``57North Hacklab Ltd'',
hereafter referred to as ``the Hacklab''.}
\subsection{Location}
\clause{The principal office of the Hacklab shall be in Scotland (and
must remain in Scotland).}
\clause{The Hacklab shall hold its regular activities in Aberdeen.}
\section{Interpretation}
\clause{In the articles:}
\begin{description}
\item[Address] means a postal address or, for the purposes of
electronic communication, an e-mail address in each case
registered with the Hacklab
\item[Articles] means these articles of association
\item[Companies Acts] means the Companies Acts (as defined in section 2 of the
Companies Act 2006), in so far as they apply to the company;
\item[Director] means a director of the company, and includes any person
occupying the position of director, by whatever name called;
\item[Document] includes, unless otherwise specified, any document sent or
supplied in electronic form;
\item[Electronic Form] has the meaning given in section 1168 of the Companies
Act 2006;
\item[Member] has the meaning given in section 112 of the Companies Act 2006, and,
unless otherwise stated, refers to both members and remote members;
\item[Proxy Notice] has the meaning given in article \ref{clause:proxy};
\item[Space Corp. Directives] is an alternative name for these articles;
\end{description}
Unless the context otherwise requires, other words or expressions contained in
these articles bear the same meaning as in the Companies Act 2006 as in force on
the date when these articles become binding on the company.
\subsection{Purposes}
\clause{The Hacklab's purposes are:}
\begin{itemize}
\item to promote and and encourage technical, scientific and artistic
skills and innovation through individual projects, collaboration and
education;
\item to provide open events to allow the wider community to meet and
socialise together;
\item to promote and support the use and development of free and open
technologies, standards, ideas, hardware and software for the
benefit of all;
\item to provide a shared physical workspace, tools, storage and other
resources for its members;
\item to work with other bodies with similar or complementary objectives.
\end{itemize}
\subsection{Powers}
\clause{The Hacklab has the power to do anything which is calculated to
further its purposes or is conducive or incidental to doing so.}
\clause{No part of the income or property of the Hacklab may be paid
or transferred (directly or indirectly) to the members - either in the
course of the Hacklab's existence or on dissolution - except where
this is done in direct furtherance of the Hacklab's purposes.}
\subsection{Liability of Members}
\clause{\label{clause:zero_liability}The liability of the members is limited to
a sum not exceeding \pounds1,
being the amount that each member undertakes to contribute to the
assets of the Hacklab in the event of its being wound up while they are a
member or within one year after they cease
to be a member, for:}
\begin{enumerate}
\item
payment of the company's debts and liabilities incurred before they cease
to be a member;
\item
payment of the costs, charges and expenses of winding up; and
\item
adjustment of the rights of the contributories among themselves.
\end{enumerate}
\subsection{Use of Resources}
\clause{The Hacklab shall make no claim and take no responsibility for
the projects created by users of the Hacklab resources.}
\clause{Use of Hacklab facilities and equipment shall be at the user's
own risk.}
\clause{The Hacklab shall not be held responsible nor liable for
any actions or behaviour of individuals or groups, whether
members or guests.}
\subsection{General Structure}
\clause{The structure of the Hacklab consists of}
\subclause{the MEMBERS - who have the right to attend members'
meetings (including any annual general meeting) and have important
powers under the articles; in particular, the members appoint
people to serve on the board and take decisions on changes to the
articles itself;}
\subclause{the BOARD - who hold regular meetings, and generally
control the activities of the Hacklab; for example: the board
is responsible for monitoring and controlling the financial position
of the Hacklab.}
\clause{The people serving on the board are referred to in these
articles as Directors.}
\section{MEMBERS}
\subsection{General}
\clause{A member shall be permitted to attend any physical workspaces
at any available time, to make use of all Hacklab resources and to accompany
guests.}
\subsection{Qualifications for membership}
\clause{Membership is open to any individual aged 18 or over.}
\clause{Remote membership is open to any individual aged 18 or over, who
resides further than 80 kilometres, in a straight line, from Mercat Cross,
Castle St, Aberdeen AB11 5HP (arbitrarily the center of Aberdeen)}
\subsection{Application for membership}
\clause{Any person who wishes to become a member must submit an
application for membership; the application will be considered by the
board.}
\clause{The board may, at its discretion, refuse to admit any person
to membership.}
\clause{The board must notify each applicant promptly (in writing or
by e-mail) of its decision on whether or not to admit them to
membership.}
\subsection{Membership subscription}
\clause{Members shall be required to pay a monthly membership
subscription. Remote members shall be required to pay a monthly
remote membership subscription.}
\clause{All subscriptions shall be payable on or before the final day of
the month.}
\clause{The members may vary the amount of the monthly membership fee
or the monthly remote membership fee by way of a resolution to that effect
passed at a General Meeting.}
\clause{If the membership subscription payable by any member remains
outstanding more than 2 months after the date on which it fell due -
and providing they have been given at least one reminder (either in
writing or by e-mail) - the board may, by resolution to that effect,
expel them from membership. If, 12 months after the date on which
an outstanding payment fell due it has not been paid, the member shall
be expelled from membership.}
\clause{A person who ceases (for whatever reason) to be a member shall
not be entitled to any refund of their subscription.}
\subsection{Register of members}
\clause{The board must keep a register of members, setting out:}
\subclause{for each current member:}
\subsubclause{their full name and address(postal and e-mail); and}
\subsubclause{the date on which they were registered as a member of
the Hacklab.}
\subsubclause{whether they are a member or a remote member.}
\subclause{for each former member - for at least 6 years from the date
on which they ceased to be a member:}
\subsubclause{their name; and}
\subsubclause{the date on which they ceased to me a member.}
\clause{The board must ensure that the register of members is updated
within 28 days of any change:}
\subclause{which arises from a resolution of the board or a resolution
passed by the members of the Hacklab; or}
\subclause {which is notified to the Hacklab.}
\clause {Each member is responsible for supplying their contact details
to the board to be added to the register of members. Each member is
responsible for ensuring their contact details are current by informing
the board of changes when required.}
\subsection{Withdrawal from membership}
\clause{Any person who wants to withdraw from membership must give
written notice of withdrawal to the Hacklab, signed by them,
or as an e-mail to one or more of the directors; they will
cease to be a member as from the time when the notice is received by
the Hacklab.}
\clause{Upon ceasing to be a member, all keys, access tokens and
Hacklab property must be returned to the Hacklab.}
\subsection{Transfer of membership}
\clause{Membership of the Hacklab shall not be transferable.}
\subsection{Expulsion from membership}
\clause{\label{clause:expel}Any person may be expelled from membership by way
of a resolution passed by not less than two thirds of those present and
voting at a general meeting, providing the following procedures have
been observed:}
\subclause{at least 21 days notice of the intention to propose the
resolution must be given to the member concerned, specifying the
grounds for the proposed expulsion;}
\subclause{the member concerned will be entitled to be heard on the
resolution at the general meeting at which the resolution is
proposed.}
\clause{The board may temporarily suspend any member from access to
Hacklab resources, if the behaviour of that members is deemed by the
board to be unacceptable to the Hacklab. Suspension will continue
until either the board reverses the suspension, or an expulsion
resolution is heard.}
\subsection{Death of a Member}
\clause{Membership ceases upon the death of the member.}
\section {DECISION MAKING BY THE MEMBERS}
\subsection{General Meetings}
\clause{The board must arrange a meeting of members (an annual general
meeting or ``AGM'') each calendar year.}
\clause{The business of each AGM must include:}
\subclause{a report by the chair on the activities of the Hacklab;}
\subclause{consideration of the annual accounts of the Hacklab; and}
\subclause{the election/re-election of directors, as referred
to in clauses \ref{clause:boardelection} to \ref{clause:directorelection}.}
\clause{The board may arrange an extraordinary general meeting at any time.}
\subsection{Power to request the board to arrange a extraordinary
general meeting (EGM)}
\clause{\label{clause:egm}The board must arrange an extraordinary
general meeting (EGM) if they are requested to do so by a notice
(which may take the form of two or more documents in the same terms,
each signed by one or more members) by members who amount to
20\% or more of the total membership of the Hacklab at the
time, or 5 members which ever is greater providing:}
\subclause{the notice states the purposes for which the meeting is to
be held; and}
\subclause{those purposes are not inconsistent with the terms of these
articles, the \companyact\ or any other statutory provision.}
\clause{If the board receives a notice under clause \ref{clause:egm},
the date for the meeting which they arrange in accordance with the
notice must not be later than 28 days from the date on which they
received the notice.}
\subsection{Notice of general meetings}
\clause{\label{clause:meeting_notice}At least 14 clear days notice must
be given of any AGM or any EGM.}
\clause{The reference to ``clear days'' in clause
\ref{clause:meeting_notice} shall be taken to mean that, in
calculating the days of notice,}
\subclause{the day after the notices are posted (or sent by e-mail)
should be excluded; and}
\subclause{the day of the meeting itself should also be excluded.}
\clause{The notice calling the meeting must specify in general terms
what business is to be dealt with at the meeting; and}
\subclause{in the case of a resolution to alter the articles, must
set out the exact terms of the proposed alteration(s); or}
\subclause{in the case of any other resolution falling within clause
\ref{clause:supermajority} (requirement for a two-thirds majority) must set out
the exact terms of the resolution.}
\clause{Notice of every AGM and EGM must be given to all members and directors
of the Hacklab, but the accidental omission to give notice to one or more members
will not invalidate the proceedings at the meeting.}
\clause{Any notice which requires to be given to a member under these
articles must be sent by e-mail to the member, at the e-mail
address kept on the register of members.}
\subsection{Procedure at AGMs and EGMs}
\clause{No valid decisions can be taken at any AGM or EGM unless a
quorum is present.}
\clause{The quorum for a general meeting is 5 members or one quarter
of the membership at the time of the meeting, whichever is fewer.}
\clause{If quorum is not present within 15 minutes after the time at
which a general meeting was due to start - or if a quorum ceases to be
present during a general meeting - the meeting cannot proceed; and
fresh notices of a new general meeting must be sent out, to deal with the
business (or remaining business) which was intended to be conducted.}
\clause{A director should act as the chairperson of each general
meeting.}
\clause{A member shall be considered to be present at a general
meeting if they are able to communicate with all others present.}
\subsection{Voting at general meetings}
\clause{Every member has one vote, which can be given personally or by proxy.}
\clause{All binary decisions at general meetings will be made by
majority vote - with the exception of the types of resolution listed
in clause \ref{clause:supermajority}. For other decisions the
chairperson will decide how the vote is to be conducted.}
\clause{\label{clause:supermajority}The following resolutions will be
valid only if passed by not less that two-thirds of those voting on
the resolution at an AGM or EGM (or if passed by way of a written
resolution under clause \ref{clause:writtenresolution}):}
\subclause{a resolution amending the articles;}
\subclause{a resolution expelling a person from membership under
clause \ref{clause:expel};}
\subclause{a resolution directing the board to take any particular
step (or directing the board not to take any particular step);}
\subclause{a resolution for the winding up or dissolution of the
Hacklab.}
\clause{If there is an equal number of votes for and against any
resolution, the chairperson of the meeting will be entitled to a
second (casting) vote.}
\clause{A resolution put to the vote at a general meeting will be
decided on a show of hands - unless the chair (or at least two other
members present at the meeting) ask for a secret ballot.}
\clause{The chairperson will decide how any secret ballot is to be
conducted, and they will declare the result of the ballot at the
meeting.}
\clause{\label{clause:proxy}Proxies may only validly be appointed by a notice in
writing (a ``proxy notice'') which}
\subclause{states the name and address of the member appointing the proxy;}
\subclause{identifies the person appointed to be that member's proxy and the
general meeting inrelation to which that person is appointed;}
\subclause{is signed by or on behalf of the member appointing the proxy, or is
authenticated in such manner as the directors may determine; and}
\subclause{is delivered to the company in accordance with the articles and any
instructions contained in the notice of the general meeting to which they relate.}
\subclause{The company may require proxy notices to be delivered in a particular
form, and may specify different forms for different purposes.}
\subclause{Proxy notices may specify how the proxy appointed under them is to
vote (or that the proxy is to abstain from voting) on one or more resolutions.}
\subclause{Unless a proxy notice indicates otherwise, it must be treated as:}
\subsubclause{allowing the person appointed under it as a proxy discretion as to
how to vote on any ancillary or procedural resolutions put to the meeting, and}
\subsubclause{appointing that person as a proxy in relation to any adjournment
of the general meeting to which it relates as well as the meeting itself.}
\clause{Delivery of proxy notices}
\subclause{A person who is entitled to attend, speak or vote (either on a show
of hands or on a poll) at a general meeting remains so entitled in respect of
that meeting or any adjournment of it, even though a valid proxy notice has
been delivered to the company by or on behalf of that person.}
\subclause{An appointment under a proxy notice may be revoked by delivering to
the company a notice in writing given by or on behalf of the person by whom
or on whose behalf the proxy notice was given.}
\subclause{A notice revoking a proxy appointment only takes effect if it is
delivered before the start of the meeting or adjourned meeting to which it
relates.}
\subclause{If a proxy notice is not executed by the person appointing the proxy,
it must be accompanied by written evidence of the authority of the person who
executed it to execute it on the appointor's behalf.}
\subsection{Written resolutions by members}
\clause{\label{clause:writtenresolution}A resolution agreed to in
writing (or by e-mail) by all the members will be as valid as if it
had been passed at a general meeting; the date of the resolution
will be taken to be the date on which the last member agreed to it.}
\subsection{Minutes}
\clause{The board must ensure that proper minutes are kept in relation
to all general meetings.}
\clause{Minutes of general meetings must include the names of those
present; and (so far as possible) should be signed by the
chairperson of the meeting.}
\section{Board}
\subsection{Number of directors}
\clause{There shall be 5 directors.}
\subsection{Treasurer}
\clause{One of the directors shall be the treasurer.}
\clause{A person elected to be treasurer will automatically cease to
hold that office:}
\subclause{if they cease to be a director; or}
\subclause{if they give to the Hacklab a notice of resignation
from that office, signed by them.}
\subsection{Eligibility}
\clause{A person will not be eligible for election to the board unless
they are a member of the Hacklab.}
\clause{\label{clause:disqualified}A person will not be eligible for election to
the board if they are disqualified from being a director under the
\companyact.}
\subsection{Election, retiral, re-election}
\clause{\label{clause:boardelection}At each AGM, the members may elect
any member (unless they are debarred from membership under clause
\ref{clause:disqualified}) to be the treasurer or one of the other
four directors.}
\clause{At each AGM, all of the directors must retire from office -
but shall then be eligible for re-election under clause
\ref{clause:boardelection}.}
\clause{\label{clause:directorelection}A director retiring at
an AGM will be deemed to have been re-elected unless:}
\subclause{they advises the board prior to the conclusion of the AGM
that they does not wish to be reappointed as a director; or}
\subclause{an election process was held at the AGM and they were not
among those elected/re-elected through that process.}
\subsection{Termination of office}
\clause{A director will automatically cease to hold office if:}
\subclause{they becomes disqualified from being a director
under the \companyact;}
\subclause{a bankruptcy order is made against them;}
\subclause{a composition is made with their creditors generally in
satisfaction of that person's debts;}
\subclause{they becomes incapable for medical reasons of carrying
out their duties as a director - but only if that has continued
(or is expected to continue) for a period of more than six months;}
\subclause{by reason of that person's mental health, a court makes an
order which wholly or partly prevents them from personally
exercising any powers or rights which they would otherwise have;}
\subclause{they cease to be a member of the Hacklab;}
\subclause{they give the Hacklab a notice of resignation, signed by
them;}
\subclause{they are absent (without good reason, in the opinion of
the board) from more than three consecutive meetings of the board -
but only if the board resolves to remove them from office.}
\subclause{\label{clause:materialbreach}they are removed from office
by resolution of the board on the grounds that they are considered
to have committed a material breach of the code of conduct for
directors (as referred to in clause
\ref{clause:codeofconduct}).}
\subclause{\label{clause:removedbymembers}they are removed from
office by a resolution of the members passed at a general meeting.}
\clause{A resolution under paragraph \ref{clause:materialbreach}, or
\ref{clause:removedbymembers} shall be valid only if:}
\subclause{the director who is the subject of the resolution is given
reasonable prior written notice of the grounds upon which the
resolution for their removal is to be proposed;}
\subclause{the director concerned is given the opportunity to address
the meeting at which the resolution is proposed, prior to the
resolution being put to the vote; and}
\subclause{in case of a resolution under clause
\ref{clause:materialbreach} at least two thirds (to the nearest
round number) of the directors then in office vote in favour of the
resolution.}
\subsection{Register of directors}
\clause{The board must keep a register of directors, setting out:}
\subclause{for each current directors;}
\subsubclause{their full name and address;}
\subsubclause{the date on which they were appointed as a directors; and}
\subsubclause{whether they are the treasurer.}
\subclause{for each former director - for at least 6 years from the
date on which they ceased to be a director:}
\subsubclause{the name of the director;}
\subsubclause{whether they were the treasurer; and}
\subsubclause{the date on which they ceased to be a director.}
\clause{The board must ensure that the register of directors is
updated within 28 days of any change:}
\subclause{which arises from a resolution of the board or a resolution
passed by members of the Hacklab; or}
\subclause{which is notified to the Hacklab.}
\subsection{Powers of board}
\clause{Except where these articles state otherwise, the Hacklab (and
its assets and operations) will be managed by the board; and the
board may exercise all the powers of the Hacklab.}
\clause{A meeting of the board at which a quorum is present may
exercise all powers exercisable by the board.}
\clause{The members may, by way of a resolution passed in compliance
with clause \ref{clause:supermajority} (requirement for two-thirds
majority), direct the board to take any particular step or direct
the board not to take any particular step; and the board shall give
effect to any such direction accordingly.}
\subsection{Directors - general duties}
\clause{\label{clause:directorduties}Each of the directors has a
duty, in exercising functions as a director, to act in the
interests of the Hacklab; and in particular, must:}
\subclause{seek, in good faith, to ensure that the Hacklab acts
in a manner which is in accordance with its purposes;}
\subclause{act with the care and diligence which it is reasonable to
expect of a person who is managing the affairs of another person;}
\subclause{in circumstances giving rise to the possibility of a
conflict of interest between the Hacklab and any other party:}
\subsubclause{put the interests of the Hacklab before that of the
other party;}
\subsubclause{where any other duty prevents them from doing so,
disclose the conflicting interest to the Hacklab and refrain from
participating in any deliberation or decision of the other directors
with regard to the matter in question;}
\subclause{ensure that the Hacklab complies with any direction,
requirement, notice or duty imposed under or by virtue of the
\companyact.}
\clause{In addition to the duties outlined in clause
\ref{clause:directorduties}, all of the directors must take
such steps as are reasonably practicable for the purpose of
ensuring:}
\subclause{that any breach of any of those duties by director
is corrected by the director concerned and not repeated; and}
\subclause{that any director who has been in serious and persistent
breach of those duties is removed as a director.}
\clause{Provided they has declared their interest - and has not
voted on the question of whether or not the Hacklab should enter
into the arrangement - a director will not be debarred from
entering into an arrangment with the Hacklab in which they has a
personal interest and they may retain any personal benefit which
arises from that arrangement.}
\clause{\label{clause:directoremployee}No director may be given any
remuneration by the Hacklab for carrying out their duties as a
director.}
\subsection{Code of conduct for directors}
\clause{\label{clause:codeofconduct}Each of the directors shall comply
with the code of conduct (incorporating detailed rules on conflict
of interest) prescribed by the board from time to time.}
\clause{The code of conduct referred to in clause
\ref{clause:codeofconduct} shall be supplemental to the conduct of
director contained in the articles and the duties imposed on
directors under the \companyact; and all relevant provisions of this
consitution shall be interpreted and applied in accordance with the
provisions of the code of conduct in force from time to time.}
\section{DECISION-MAKING BY THE DIRECTORS}
\subsection{Notice of board meetings}
\clause{Any director may call a meeting of the board.}
\clause{At least 7 days' notice must be given of each board meeting,
unless (in the opinion of the person calling the meeting) there is a
degree of urgency which makes that inappropriate.}
\subsection{Procedure at board meetings}
\clause{\label{clause:boardquorum}No valid decisions can be taken at a
board meeting unless a quorum is present; the quorum for board
meetings is 3 directors.}
\clause{If at any time the number of directors in office falls below
the number stated as the quorum in clause \ref{clause:boardquorum},
the remaining directors will have power to call an EGM - but will
not be able to take any other valid decisions.}
\clause{At each board meeting, the directors present must elect (from
amongst themselves) the person who will act as chairperson of that
meeting.}
\clause{Each directors has one vote, which must be given by them being
present.}
\clause{All decisions at board meetings will be made by majority
vote.}
\clause{If there is an equal number of votes for and against any
resolution, the chairperson of the meeting will be entitled to a
second (casting) vote.}
\clause{The board may, at its discretion, allow any person to attend
and speak at a board meeting notwithstanding that they are not a
director - but on the basis that they must not participate in
decision-making.}
\clause{\label{clause:conflictofinterest}A director must not vote at a
board meeting (or at a meeting of a sub-committee) on any resolution
which relates to a matter in which they has a personal interest or
duty which conflicts (or may conflict) with the interests of the
Hacklab; they must withdraw from the meeting while an item of that
nature is being dealt with.}
\clause{For the purposes of clause \ref{clause:conflictofinterest}: a
director will be deemed to have a personal interest in relation to a
particular matter if a body in relation to which they are an
employee, director, member of the management committee, officer or
elected representative has an interest in that matter.}
\clause{A director shall be considered to be present at a board
meeting if they are able to communicate with all others present.}
\subsection{Minutes}
\clause{\label{clause:properminutes}The board must ensure that proper
minutes are kept in relation to all board meetings and meetings of
sub-committees.}
\clause{The minutes to be kept under clause \ref{clause:properminutes}
must include the names of those present; and (so far as possible)
should be signed by the chairperson of the meeting. They must be
circulated to all members by email within 30 days of the board
meeting.}
\section{Administration}
\subsection{Delegation to sub-committees}
\clause{\label{clause:delegation}The board may delegate any of their
powers to sub-committees; a sub-committee must include at least one
director, but other members of a sub-committee need not be
directors.}
\clause{When delegating powers under clause \ref{clause:delegation},
the board must set out appropriate conditions (which must include an
obligation to report regularly to the board).}
\clause{Any delegation of powers under clause \ref{clause:delegation}
may be revoked or altered by the board at any time.}
\clause{The rules of procedure for each sub-committee, and the
provisions relating to membership of each sub-committee, shall be
set by the board.}
\subsection{Operation of accounts}
\clause{Five account signatories will be appointed by the board; these
must themselves all be directors.}
\clause{\label{clause:signatories}Subject to clause
\ref{clause:electronicbanking}, the signature of one
signatory will be required in relation to all operations (other
than the lodging of funds) on the bank and building society accounts
held by the Hacklab. Approval for operations should be sought either at a board meeting or on the committee mailing list. On the mailing list an email from a director can indicate approval or opposition. Two approvals are required for an action to be approved unless a majority of the board is opposed to the action. 7 calendar days will be allowed for opposition to be lodged.}
\clause{\label{clause:electronicbanking}Where the Hacklab uses
electronic facilities for the operation of any bank or building
society account, the authorisations required for operations on that
account must be consistent with the approach reflected in clause
\ref{clause:signatories}.}
\subsection{Accounting records and annual accounts}
\clause{The board must ensure that proper accounting records are kept,
in accordance with all applicable statutory requirements.}
\clause{The board must prepare annual accounts, complying with all
relevant statutory requirements.}
\section{Miscellaneous}
\subsection{Winding-up}
\clause{Any surplus assets available to the Hacklab immediately preceding its
winding up or dissolution must be distributed amongst members in a
manner proportional to members contributions to that surplus, dating
back 5 years from the date of dissolution.}
\subsection{Alterations to the articles}
\clause{These articles may be altered by resolution of the members
passed at an AGM or EGM (subject to achieving the two-thirds
majority referred to in clause \ref{clause:supermajority}) or by way
of a written resolution of the members.}
\end{document}