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Selecting the right k-mer size is crucial for k-mer-based sequence analysis, as it affects sequence alignment and classification accuracy. A smaller k-mer size is more sensitive to variations and captures local features, while a larger k-mer size is more specific and captures long-range correlations. Optimal k-mer size depends on sequence characteristics and analysis goals. Testing different sizes or using a grid search algorithm can determine the best size. Choosing the right k-mer size leads to improved accuracy and efficiency of analysis, providing new insights into biological processes.