diff --git a/Dockerfile b/Dockerfile
index 08ef844..9d82bbe 100644
--- a/Dockerfile
+++ b/Dockerfile
@@ -1,37 +1,3 @@
-# always build this using the latest stable release
-FROM rust:1.71.0 as build
-
-
-ARG JQ_VERSION=1.6
-ARG JQ_URL=https://github.com/stedolan/jq/releases/download/jq-${JQ_VERSION}/jq-linux64
-
-# install cargo-local-registry dependencies
-RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y gcc openssl cmake
-
-RUN mkdir -p /rust-test-runner/src
-ENV wd /rust-test-runner
-WORKDIR ${wd}
-COPY Cargo.* ./
-# for caching, we want to download and build all the dependencies before copying
-# any of the real source files. We therefore build an empty dummy library,
-# then remove it.
-RUN echo '// dummy file' > src/lib.rs
-RUN cargo build
-# now get rid of the stub and copy the real source files
-RUN rm src/lib.rs
-COPY src/* src/
-# build the executable
-RUN cargo build --release
-# download jq
-RUN curl -L -o /usr/local/bin/jq "${JQ_URL}" \
-    && chmod +x /usr/local/bin/jq
-# install cargo-local-registry
-RUN cargo install cargo-local-registry
-# download popular crates to local registry
-WORKDIR /local-registry
-COPY local-registry/* ./
-RUN cargo generate-lockfile && cargo local-registry --sync Cargo.lock .
-
 # As of Dec 2019, we need to use the nightly toolchain to get JSON test output
 # tracking issue: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/49359
 
@@ -45,7 +11,7 @@ RUN cargo generate-lockfile && cargo local-registry --sync Cargo.lock .
 
 ################ start-copy-pasta ################
 
-FROM debian:bookworm-slim
+FROM debian:bookworm-slim as rust-nightly
 
 ENV RUSTUP_HOME=/usr/local/rustup \
     CARGO_HOME=/usr/local/cargo \
@@ -87,12 +53,79 @@ RUN set -eux; \
 
 ################ end-copy-pasta ################
 
+# The build stage must use the same compiler version as the test runner itself,
+# otherwise sccache will not work. Compilation artifacts from different versions
+# of the Rust compiler are incompatible.
+FROM rust-nightly as build
+
+ARG JQ_VERSION=1.6
+ARG JQ_URL=https://github.com/stedolan/jq/releases/download/jq-${JQ_VERSION}/jq-linux64
+
+ARG SC_VERSION=v0.5.4
+ARG SC_URL=https://github.com/mozilla/sccache/releases/download/${SC_VERSION}/sccache-${SC_VERSION}-x86_64-unknown-linux-musl.tar.gz
+
+ENV SCCACHE_DIR=/opt/compilation-cache
+ENV RUSTC_WRAPPER=/usr/local/bin/sccache
+
+# install basic things missing in debian-slim
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y curl
+
+# download sccache
+RUN curl -L -o sccache.tgz "${SC_URL}" \
+ && tar xvzf sccache.tgz --strip-components=1 \
+ && cp sccache ${RUSTC_WRAPPER} \
+ && chmod +x ${RUSTC_WRAPPER}
+RUN mkdir -p ${SCCACHE_DIR}
+
+# install cargo-local-registry dependencies
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
+    gcc openssl cmake \
+    # needed due to use of debian-slim. regular debian has these already.
+    libssl-dev pkg-config
+
+RUN mkdir -p /rust-test-runner/src
+ENV wd /rust-test-runner
+WORKDIR ${wd}
+COPY Cargo.* ./
+
+# for caching, we want to download and build all the dependencies before copying
+# any of the real source files. We therefore build an empty dummy library,
+# then remove it.
+RUN echo '// dummy file' > src/lib.rs
+RUN cargo build
+# now get rid of the stub and copy the real source files
+RUN rm src/lib.rs
+COPY src/* src/
+# build the executable
+RUN cargo build --release
+# download jq
+RUN curl -L -o /usr/local/bin/jq "${JQ_URL}" \
+    && chmod +x /usr/local/bin/jq
+# install cargo-local-registry
+RUN cargo install cargo-local-registry
+# download popular crates to local registry
+WORKDIR /local-registry
+COPY local-registry/* ./
+RUN cargo generate-lockfile && cargo local-registry --sync Cargo.lock .
+# only keep the local registry
+RUN rm Cargo.* dummy.rs
+
+# The environment should be as identical as possible between populating and
+# using the compilation cache, so we put this environment in a separate build
+# stage that can be shared.
+FROM rust-nightly as test-env
+
+ENV SCCACHE_DIR=/opt/compilation-cache
+ENV RUSTC_WRAPPER=/usr/local/bin/sccache
+COPY --from=build ${RUSTC_WRAPPER} ${RUSTC_WRAPPER}
+RUN mkdir -p ${SCCACHE_DIR}
+
 ENV wd /opt/test-runner
 RUN mkdir -p ${wd}/bin
 WORKDIR ${wd}
 COPY --from=build /rust-test-runner/target/release/transform-output bin
 COPY --from=build /usr/local/bin/jq /usr/local/bin
-# configure local-registry
+# configure local registry
 COPY --from=build /local-registry local-registry/
 RUN echo '[source.crates-io]\n\
     registry = "https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"\n\
@@ -100,6 +133,16 @@ RUN echo '[source.crates-io]\n\
     \n\
     [source.local-registry]\n\
     local-registry = "/opt/test-runner/local-registry/"\n' >> $CARGO_HOME/config.toml
-# set entrypoint
+
+# populate compilation cache in the same environment as the tests will run
+FROM test-env AS cache
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y m4
+WORKDIR /local-registry
+COPY local-registry/* ./
+RUN cargo build
+
+# final stage
+FROM test-env
+COPY --from=cache ${SCCACHE_DIR} ${SCCACHE_DIR}
 COPY bin/run.sh bin
 ENTRYPOINT ["bin/run.sh"]
diff --git a/local-registry/dummry.rs b/local-registry/dummy.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from local-registry/dummry.rs
rename to local-registry/dummy.rs