Merge branch 'master' into chore/upgrade-noble-2.0.1

Author: holgerd77

packages/evm/examples/opcodes/0x1e-CLZ-count-leading-zeros.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+import { Common, Hardfork, Mainnet } from '@ethereumjs/common'
+import { type EVM, createEVM } from '@ethereumjs/evm'
+import { type PrefixedHexString, hexToBytes } from '@ethereumjs/util'
+
+// CLZ (Count Leading Zeros) opcode (0x1e)
+// Demonstrates the CLZ opcode introduced in https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7939
+//
+// The CLZ opcode returns the number of zero bits before the most significant 1-bit in a 256-bit value.
+// It enables efficient computation of bit length, log₂, and prefix comparisons directly in the EVM.
+//
+// Doing this in Solidity/Yul requires a loop or binary search using shifts and comparisons,
+// which costs hundreds of gas and bloats bytecode. By replacing multi-step shift and branch logic
+// with a single instruction, it reduces gas cost, bytecode size, and zk-proof complexity.
+
+const common = new Common({
+  chain: Mainnet,
+  hardfork: Hardfork.Osaka,
+})
+
+const assembleCode = (x: Uint8Array) => {
+  if (x.length !== 32) {
+    throw new Error('x must be 32 bytes')
+  }
+
+  const code = new Uint8Array(35) // PUSH32 + 32-byte operand + CLZ + STOP
+  code[0] = 0x7f
+  code.set(x, 1)
+  code[33] = 0x1e
+  code[34] = 0x00
+  return code
+}
+
+const runCase = async (evm: EVM, x: PrefixedHexString) => {
+  const code = assembleCode(hexToBytes(x))
+
+  const res = await evm.runCode({ code })
+
+  const stack = res.runState?.stack
+  if (!stack) {
+    throw new Error('Missing runState stack in result')
+  }
+
+  const [top] = stack.peek(1)
+  const hexValue = `0x${top.toString(16)}`
+  const gas = res.executionGasUsed
+  console.log('--------------------------------')
+  console.log(`input=${x}`)
+  console.log(`output=${hexValue}  (leading zeros=${top})`)
+  console.log(`Gas used: ${gas}`)
+}
+
+const main = async () => {
+  const evm = await createEVM({ common })
+
+  // Case 1: x == 0x00..00 -> expect 256
+  await runCase(evm, `0x${'00'.repeat(32)}` as PrefixedHexString)
+
+  // Case 2: x == 0x0..01 -> MSB at bit 0 -> expect 255
+  await runCase(evm, `0x${'00'.repeat(31)}01` as PrefixedHexString)
+
+  // Case 3: x == 0x40..00 -> MSB at bit 254 -> expect 1
+  await runCase(evm, `0x40${'00'.repeat(31)}` as PrefixedHexString)
+
+  // Case 4: x == 0x80..00 -> MSB at bit 255 -> expect 0
+  await runCase(evm, `0x80${'00'.repeat(31)}` as PrefixedHexString)
+  console.log('--------------------------------')
+}
+
+void main().catch((err) => {
+  console.error(err)
+  process.exitCode = 1
+})

packages/evm/package.json

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
     "coverage": "DEBUG=ethjs npx vitest run -c ../../config/vitest.config.coverage.mts",
     "coverage:istanbul": "DEBUG=ethjs npx vitest run -c ../../config/vitest.config.coverage.istanbul.mts",
     "docs:build": "typedoc --options typedoc.mjs",
-    "examples": "tsx ../../scripts/examples-runner.ts -- evm && tsx ../../scripts/examples-runner.ts -- evm precompiles",
+    "examples": "tsx ../../scripts/examples-runner.ts -- evm && tsx ../../scripts/examples-runner.ts -- evm precompiles && tsx ../../scripts/examples-runner.ts -- evm opcodes",
     "examples:build": "npx embedme README.md",
     "formatTest": "node ./scripts/formatTest",
     "lint": "npm run biome && eslint  --config ./eslint.config.mjs .",