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Assembly.cpp
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/*
This file is part of solidity.
solidity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
solidity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with solidity. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0
/** @file Assembly.cpp
* @author Gav Wood <[email protected]>
* @date 2014
*/
#include <libevmasm/Assembly.h>
#include <libevmasm/CommonSubexpressionEliminator.h>
#include <libevmasm/ControlFlowGraph.h>
#include <libevmasm/PeepholeOptimiser.h>
#include <libevmasm/Inliner.h>
#include <libevmasm/JumpdestRemover.h>
#include <libevmasm/BlockDeduplicator.h>
#include <libevmasm/ConstantOptimiser.h>
#include <liblangutil/CharStream.h>
#include <liblangutil/Exceptions.h>
#include <libsolutil/JSON.h>
#include <libsolutil/StringUtils.h>
#include <fmt/format.h>
#include <range/v3/algorithm/any_of.hpp>
#include <range/v3/view/drop_exactly.hpp>
#include <range/v3/view/enumerate.hpp>
#include <range/v3/view/map.hpp>
#include <fstream>
#include <limits>
#include <iterator>
#include <stack>
using namespace solidity;
using namespace solidity::evmasm;
using namespace solidity::langutil;
using namespace solidity::util;
std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<std::string const>> Assembly::s_sharedSourceNames;
AssemblyItem const& Assembly::append(AssemblyItem _i)
{
assertThrow(m_deposit >= 0, AssemblyException, "Stack underflow.");
m_deposit += static_cast<int>(_i.deposit());
solAssert(m_currentCodeSection < m_codeSections.size());
auto& currentItems = m_codeSections.at(m_currentCodeSection).items;
currentItems.emplace_back(std::move(_i));
if (!currentItems.back().location().isValid() && m_currentSourceLocation.isValid())
currentItems.back().setLocation(m_currentSourceLocation);
currentItems.back().m_modifierDepth = m_currentModifierDepth;
return currentItems.back();
}
unsigned Assembly::codeSize(unsigned subTagSize) const
{
for (unsigned tagSize = subTagSize; true; ++tagSize)
{
size_t ret = 1;
for (auto const& i: m_data)
ret += i.second.size();
for (auto const& codeSection: m_codeSections)
for (AssemblyItem const& i: codeSection.items)
ret += i.bytesRequired(tagSize, m_evmVersion, Precision::Precise);
if (numberEncodingSize(ret) <= tagSize)
return static_cast<unsigned>(ret);
}
}
void Assembly::importAssemblyItemsFromJSON(Json const& _code, std::vector<std::string> const& _sourceList)
{
// Assembly constructor creates first code section with proper type and empty `items`
solAssert(m_codeSections.size() == 1);
solAssert(m_codeSections[0].items.empty());
// TODO: Add support for EOF and more than one code sections.
solUnimplementedAssert(!m_eofVersion.has_value(), "Assembly import for EOF is not yet implemented.");
solRequire(_code.is_array(), AssemblyImportException, "Supplied JSON is not an array.");
for (auto jsonItemIter = std::begin(_code); jsonItemIter != std::end(_code); ++jsonItemIter)
{
AssemblyItem const& newItem = m_codeSections[0].items.emplace_back(createAssemblyItemFromJSON(*jsonItemIter, _sourceList));
if (newItem == Instruction::JUMPDEST)
solThrow(AssemblyImportException, "JUMPDEST instruction without a tag");
else if (newItem.type() == AssemblyItemType::Tag)
{
++jsonItemIter;
if (jsonItemIter != std::end(_code) && createAssemblyItemFromJSON(*jsonItemIter, _sourceList) != Instruction::JUMPDEST)
solThrow(AssemblyImportException, "JUMPDEST expected after tag.");
}
}
}
AssemblyItem Assembly::createAssemblyItemFromJSON(Json const& _json, std::vector<std::string> const& _sourceList)
{
solRequire(_json.is_object(), AssemblyImportException, "Supplied JSON is not an object.");
static std::set<std::string> const validMembers{"name", "begin", "end", "source", "value", "modifierDepth", "jumpType"};
for (auto const& [member, _]: _json.items())
solRequire(
validMembers.count(member),
AssemblyImportException,
fmt::format(
"Unknown member '{}'. Valid members are: {}.",
member,
solidity::util::joinHumanReadable(validMembers, ", ")
)
);
solRequire(isOfType<std::string>(_json["name"]), AssemblyImportException, "Member 'name' missing or not of type string.");
solRequire(isOfTypeIfExists<int>(_json, "begin"), AssemblyImportException, "Optional member 'begin' not of type int.");
solRequire(isOfTypeIfExists<int>(_json, "end"), AssemblyImportException, "Optional member 'end' not of type int.");
solRequire(isOfTypeIfExists<int>(_json, "source"), AssemblyImportException, "Optional member 'source' not of type int.");
solRequire(isOfTypeIfExists<std::string>(_json, "value"), AssemblyImportException, "Optional member 'value' not of type string.");
solRequire(isOfTypeIfExists<int>(_json, "modifierDepth"), AssemblyImportException, "Optional member 'modifierDepth' not of type int.");
solRequire(isOfTypeIfExists<std::string>(_json, "jumpType"), AssemblyImportException, "Optional member 'jumpType' not of type string.");
std::string name = get<std::string>(_json["name"]);
solRequire(!name.empty(), AssemblyImportException, "Member 'name' is empty.");
SourceLocation location;
if (_json.contains("begin"))
location.start = get<int>(_json["begin"]);
if (_json.contains("end"))
location.end = get<int>(_json["end"]);
int srcIndex = getOrDefault<int>(_json, "source", -1);
size_t modifierDepth = static_cast<size_t>(getOrDefault<int>(_json, "modifierDepth", 0));
std::string value = getOrDefault<std::string>(_json, "value", "");
std::string jumpType = getOrDefault<std::string>(_json, "jumpType", "");
auto updateUsedTags = [&](u256 const& data)
{
m_usedTags = std::max(m_usedTags, static_cast<unsigned>(data) + 1);
return data;
};
auto storeImmutableHash = [&](std::string const& _immutableName) -> h256
{
h256 hash(util::keccak256(_immutableName));
solAssert(m_immutables.count(hash) == 0 || m_immutables[hash] == _immutableName);
m_immutables[hash] = _immutableName;
return hash;
};
auto storeLibraryHash = [&](std::string const& _libraryName) -> h256
{
h256 hash(util::keccak256(_libraryName));
solAssert(m_libraries.count(hash) == 0 || m_libraries[hash] == _libraryName);
m_libraries[hash] = _libraryName;
return hash;
};
auto requireValueDefinedForInstruction = [&](std::string const& _name, std::string const& _value)
{
solRequire(
!_value.empty(),
AssemblyImportException,
"Member 'value' is missing for instruction '" + _name + "', but the instruction needs a value."
);
};
auto requireValueUndefinedForInstruction = [&](std::string const& _name, std::string const& _value)
{
solRequire(
_value.empty(),
AssemblyImportException,
"Member 'value' defined for instruction '" + _name + "', but the instruction does not need a value."
);
};
solRequire(srcIndex >= -1 && srcIndex < static_cast<int>(_sourceList.size()), AssemblyImportException, "Source index out of bounds.");
if (srcIndex != -1)
location.sourceName = sharedSourceName(_sourceList[static_cast<size_t>(srcIndex)]);
AssemblyItem result(0);
if (c_instructions.count(name))
{
AssemblyItem item{c_instructions.at(name), langutil::DebugData::create(location)};
if (!jumpType.empty())
{
if (item.instruction() == Instruction::JUMP || item.instruction() == Instruction::JUMPI)
{
std::optional<AssemblyItem::JumpType> parsedJumpType = AssemblyItem::parseJumpType(jumpType);
if (!parsedJumpType.has_value())
solThrow(AssemblyImportException, "Invalid jump type.");
item.setJumpType(parsedJumpType.value());
}
else
solThrow(
AssemblyImportException,
"Member 'jumpType' set on instruction different from JUMP or JUMPI (was set on instruction '" + name + "')"
);
}
requireValueUndefinedForInstruction(name, value);
result = item;
}
else
{
solRequire(
jumpType.empty(),
AssemblyImportException,
"Member 'jumpType' set on instruction different from JUMP or JUMPI (was set on instruction '" + name + "')"
);
if (name == "PUSH")
{
requireValueDefinedForInstruction(name, value);
result = {AssemblyItemType::Push, u256("0x" + value)};
}
else if (name == "PUSH [ErrorTag]")
{
requireValueUndefinedForInstruction(name, value);
result = {AssemblyItemType::PushTag, 0};
}
else if (name == "PUSH [tag]")
{
requireValueDefinedForInstruction(name, value);
result = {AssemblyItemType::PushTag, updateUsedTags(u256(value))};
}
else if (name == "PUSH [$]")
{
requireValueDefinedForInstruction(name, value);
result = {AssemblyItemType::PushSub, u256("0x" + value)};
}
else if (name == "PUSH #[$]")
{
requireValueDefinedForInstruction(name, value);
result = {AssemblyItemType::PushSubSize, u256("0x" + value)};
}
else if (name == "PUSHSIZE")
{
requireValueUndefinedForInstruction(name, value);
result = {AssemblyItemType::PushProgramSize, 0};
}
else if (name == "PUSHLIB")
{
requireValueDefinedForInstruction(name, value);
result = {AssemblyItemType::PushLibraryAddress, storeLibraryHash(value)};
}
else if (name == "PUSHDEPLOYADDRESS")
{
requireValueUndefinedForInstruction(name, value);
result = {AssemblyItemType::PushDeployTimeAddress, 0};
}
else if (name == "PUSHIMMUTABLE")
{
requireValueDefinedForInstruction(name, value);
result = {AssemblyItemType::PushImmutable, storeImmutableHash(value)};
}
else if (name == "ASSIGNIMMUTABLE")
{
requireValueDefinedForInstruction(name, value);
result = {AssemblyItemType::AssignImmutable, storeImmutableHash(value)};
}
else if (name == "tag")
{
requireValueDefinedForInstruction(name, value);
result = {AssemblyItemType::Tag, updateUsedTags(u256(value))};
}
else if (name == "PUSH data")
{
requireValueDefinedForInstruction(name, value);
result = {AssemblyItemType::PushData, u256("0x" + value)};
}
else if (name == "VERBATIM")
{
requireValueDefinedForInstruction(name, value);
AssemblyItem item(fromHex(value), 0, 0);
result = item;
}
else
solThrow(AssemblyImportException, "Invalid opcode (" + name + ")");
}
result.setLocation(location);
result.m_modifierDepth = modifierDepth;
return result;
}
namespace
{
std::string locationFromSources(StringMap const& _sourceCodes, SourceLocation const& _location)
{
if (!_location.hasText() || _sourceCodes.empty())
return {};
auto it = _sourceCodes.find(*_location.sourceName);
if (it == _sourceCodes.end())
return {};
return CharStream::singleLineSnippet(it->second, _location);
}
class Functionalizer
{
public:
Functionalizer (std::ostream& _out, std::string const& _prefix, StringMap const& _sourceCodes, Assembly const& _assembly):
m_out(_out), m_prefix(_prefix), m_sourceCodes(_sourceCodes), m_assembly(_assembly)
{}
void feed(AssemblyItem const& _item, DebugInfoSelection const& _debugInfoSelection)
{
if (_item.location().isValid() && _item.location() != m_location)
{
flush();
m_location = _item.location();
printLocation(_debugInfoSelection);
}
std::string expression = _item.toAssemblyText(m_assembly);
if (!(
_item.canBeFunctional() &&
_item.returnValues() <= 1 &&
_item.arguments() <= m_pending.size()
))
{
flush();
m_out << m_prefix << (_item.type() == Tag ? "" : " ") << expression << std::endl;
return;
}
if (_item.arguments() > 0)
{
expression += "(";
for (size_t i = 0; i < _item.arguments(); ++i)
{
expression += m_pending.back();
m_pending.pop_back();
if (i + 1 < _item.arguments())
expression += ", ";
}
expression += ")";
}
m_pending.push_back(expression);
if (_item.returnValues() != 1)
flush();
}
void flush()
{
for (std::string const& expression: m_pending)
m_out << m_prefix << " " << expression << std::endl;
m_pending.clear();
}
void printLocation(DebugInfoSelection const& _debugInfoSelection)
{
if (!m_location.isValid() || (!_debugInfoSelection.location && !_debugInfoSelection.snippet))
return;
m_out << m_prefix << " /*";
if (_debugInfoSelection.location)
{
if (m_location.sourceName)
m_out << " " + escapeAndQuoteString(*m_location.sourceName);
if (m_location.hasText())
m_out << ":" << std::to_string(m_location.start) + ":" + std::to_string(m_location.end);
}
if (_debugInfoSelection.snippet)
{
if (_debugInfoSelection.location)
m_out << " ";
m_out << locationFromSources(m_sourceCodes, m_location);
}
m_out << " */" << std::endl;
}
private:
strings m_pending;
SourceLocation m_location;
std::ostream& m_out;
std::string const& m_prefix;
StringMap const& m_sourceCodes;
Assembly const& m_assembly;
};
}
void Assembly::assemblyStream(
std::ostream& _out,
DebugInfoSelection const& _debugInfoSelection,
std::string const& _prefix,
StringMap const& _sourceCodes
) const
{
Functionalizer f(_out, _prefix, _sourceCodes, *this);
for (auto const& i: m_codeSections.front().items)
f.feed(i, _debugInfoSelection);
f.flush();
for (size_t i = 1; i < m_codeSections.size(); ++i)
{
_out << std::endl << _prefix << "code_section_" << i << ": assembly {\n";
Functionalizer codeSectionF(_out, _prefix + " ", _sourceCodes, *this);
for (auto const& item: m_codeSections[i].items)
codeSectionF.feed(item, _debugInfoSelection);
codeSectionF.flush();
_out << _prefix << "}" << std::endl;
}
if (!m_data.empty() || !m_subs.empty())
{
_out << _prefix << "stop" << std::endl;
for (auto const& i: m_data)
if (u256(i.first) >= m_subs.size())
_out << _prefix << "data_" << toHex(u256(i.first)) << " " << util::toHex(i.second) << std::endl;
for (size_t i = 0; i < m_subs.size(); ++i)
{
_out << std::endl << _prefix << "sub_" << i << ": assembly {\n";
m_subs[i]->assemblyStream(_out, _debugInfoSelection, _prefix + " ", _sourceCodes);
_out << _prefix << "}" << std::endl;
}
}
if (m_auxiliaryData.size() > 0)
_out << std::endl << _prefix << "auxdata: 0x" << util::toHex(m_auxiliaryData) << std::endl;
}
std::string Assembly::assemblyString(
DebugInfoSelection const& _debugInfoSelection,
StringMap const& _sourceCodes
) const
{
std::ostringstream tmp;
assemblyStream(tmp, _debugInfoSelection, "", _sourceCodes);
return (_debugInfoSelection.ethdebug ? "/// ethdebug: enabled\n" : "") + tmp.str();
}
Json Assembly::assemblyJSON(std::map<std::string, unsigned> const& _sourceIndices, bool _includeSourceList) const
{
Json root;
root[".code"] = Json::array();
Json& code = root[".code"];
// TODO: support EOF
solUnimplementedAssert(!m_eofVersion.has_value(), "Assembly output for EOF is not yet implemented.");
solAssert(m_codeSections.size() == 1);
for (AssemblyItem const& item: m_codeSections.front().items)
{
int sourceIndex = -1;
if (item.location().sourceName)
{
auto iter = _sourceIndices.find(*item.location().sourceName);
if (iter != _sourceIndices.end())
sourceIndex = static_cast<int>(iter->second);
}
auto [name, data] = item.nameAndData(m_evmVersion);
Json jsonItem;
jsonItem["name"] = name;
jsonItem["begin"] = item.location().start;
jsonItem["end"] = item.location().end;
if (item.m_modifierDepth != 0)
jsonItem["modifierDepth"] = static_cast<int>(item.m_modifierDepth);
std::string jumpType = item.getJumpTypeAsString();
if (!jumpType.empty())
jsonItem["jumpType"] = jumpType;
if (name == "PUSHLIB")
data = m_libraries.at(h256(data));
else if (name == "PUSHIMMUTABLE" || name == "ASSIGNIMMUTABLE")
data = m_immutables.at(h256(data));
if (!data.empty())
jsonItem["value"] = data;
jsonItem["source"] = sourceIndex;
code.emplace_back(std::move(jsonItem));
if (item.type() == AssemblyItemType::Tag)
{
Json jumpdest;
jumpdest["name"] = "JUMPDEST";
jumpdest["begin"] = item.location().start;
jumpdest["end"] = item.location().end;
jumpdest["source"] = sourceIndex;
if (item.m_modifierDepth != 0)
jumpdest["modifierDepth"] = static_cast<int>(item.m_modifierDepth);
code.emplace_back(std::move(jumpdest));
}
}
if (_includeSourceList)
{
root["sourceList"] = Json::array();
Json& jsonSourceList = root["sourceList"];
unsigned maxSourceIndex = 0;
for (auto const& [sourceName, sourceIndex]: _sourceIndices)
{
maxSourceIndex = std::max(sourceIndex, maxSourceIndex);
jsonSourceList[sourceIndex] = sourceName;
}
solAssert(maxSourceIndex + 1 >= _sourceIndices.size());
solRequire(
_sourceIndices.size() == 0 || _sourceIndices.size() == maxSourceIndex + 1,
AssemblyImportException,
"The 'sourceList' array contains invalid 'null' item."
);
}
if (!m_data.empty() || !m_subs.empty())
{
root[".data"] = Json::object();
Json& data = root[".data"];
for (auto const& i: m_data)
if (u256(i.first) >= m_subs.size())
data[util::toHex(toBigEndian((u256)i.first), util::HexPrefix::DontAdd, util::HexCase::Upper)] = util::toHex(i.second);
for (size_t i = 0; i < m_subs.size(); ++i)
{
std::stringstream hexStr;
hexStr << std::hex << i;
data[hexStr.str()] = m_subs[i]->assemblyJSON(_sourceIndices, /*_includeSourceList = */false);
}
}
if (!m_auxiliaryData.empty())
root[".auxdata"] = util::toHex(m_auxiliaryData);
return root;
}
std::pair<std::shared_ptr<Assembly>, std::vector<std::string>> Assembly::fromJSON(
Json const& _json,
std::vector<std::string> const& _sourceList,
size_t _level,
std::optional<uint8_t> _eofVersion
)
{
solRequire(_json.is_object(), AssemblyImportException, "Supplied JSON is not an object.");
static std::set<std::string> const validMembers{".code", ".data", ".auxdata", "sourceList"};
for (auto const& [attribute, _]: _json.items())
solRequire(validMembers.count(attribute), AssemblyImportException, "Unknown attribute '" + attribute + "'.");
if (_level == 0)
{
if (_json.contains("sourceList"))
{
solRequire(_json["sourceList"].is_array(), AssemblyImportException, "Optional member 'sourceList' is not an array.");
for (Json const& sourceName: _json["sourceList"])
{
solRequire(!sourceName.is_null(), AssemblyImportException, "The 'sourceList' array contains invalid 'null' item.");
solRequire(
sourceName.is_string(),
AssemblyImportException,
"The 'sourceList' array contains an item that is not a string."
);
}
}
}
else
solRequire(
!_json.contains("sourceList"),
AssemblyImportException,
"Member 'sourceList' may only be present in the root JSON object."
);
auto result = std::make_shared<Assembly>(EVMVersion{}, _level == 0 /* _creation */, _eofVersion, "" /* _name */);
std::vector<std::string> parsedSourceList;
if (_json.contains("sourceList"))
{
solAssert(_level == 0);
solAssert(_sourceList.empty());
for (Json const& sourceName: _json["sourceList"])
{
solRequire(
std::find(parsedSourceList.begin(), parsedSourceList.end(), sourceName.get<std::string>()) == parsedSourceList.end(),
AssemblyImportException,
"Items in 'sourceList' array are not unique."
);
parsedSourceList.emplace_back(sourceName.get<std::string>());
}
}
solRequire(_json.contains(".code"), AssemblyImportException, "Member '.code' is missing.");
solRequire(_json[".code"].is_array(), AssemblyImportException, "Member '.code' is not an array.");
for (Json const& codeItem: _json[".code"])
solRequire(codeItem.is_object(), AssemblyImportException, "The '.code' array contains an item that is not an object.");
result->importAssemblyItemsFromJSON(_json[".code"], _level == 0 ? parsedSourceList : _sourceList);
if (_json.contains(".auxdata"))
{
solRequire(_json[".auxdata"].is_string(), AssemblyImportException, "Optional member '.auxdata' is not a string.");
result->m_auxiliaryData = fromHex(_json[".auxdata"].get<std::string>());
solRequire(!result->m_auxiliaryData.empty(), AssemblyImportException, "Optional member '.auxdata' is not a valid hexadecimal string.");
}
if (_json.contains(".data"))
{
solRequire(_json[".data"].is_object(), AssemblyImportException, "Optional member '.data' is not an object.");
Json const& data = _json[".data"];
std::map<size_t, std::shared_ptr<Assembly>> subAssemblies;
for (auto const& [key, value] : data.items())
{
if (value.is_string())
{
solRequire(
value.get<std::string>().empty() || !fromHex(value.get<std::string>()).empty(),
AssemblyImportException,
"The value for key '" + key + "' inside '.data' is not a valid hexadecimal string."
);
result->m_data[h256(fromHex(key))] = fromHex(value.get<std::string>());
}
else if (value.is_object())
{
size_t index{};
try
{
// Using signed variant because stoul() still accepts negative numbers and
// just lets them wrap around.
int parsedDataItemID = std::stoi(key, nullptr, 16);
solRequire(parsedDataItemID >= 0, AssemblyImportException, "The key '" + key + "' inside '.data' is out of the supported integer range.");
index = static_cast<size_t>(parsedDataItemID);
}
catch (std::invalid_argument const&)
{
solThrow(AssemblyImportException, "The key '" + key + "' inside '.data' is not an integer.");
}
catch (std::out_of_range const&)
{
solThrow(AssemblyImportException, "The key '" + key + "' inside '.data' is out of the supported integer range.");
}
auto [subAssembly, emptySourceList] = Assembly::fromJSON(value, _level == 0 ? parsedSourceList : _sourceList, _level + 1, _eofVersion);
solAssert(subAssembly);
solAssert(emptySourceList.empty());
solAssert(subAssemblies.count(index) == 0);
subAssemblies[index] = subAssembly;
}
else
solThrow(AssemblyImportException, "The value of key '" + key + "' inside '.data' is neither a hex string nor an object.");
}
if (!subAssemblies.empty())
solRequire(
ranges::max(subAssemblies | ranges::views::keys) == subAssemblies.size() - 1,
AssemblyImportException,
fmt::format(
"Invalid subassembly indices in '.data'. Not all numbers between 0 and {} are present.",
subAssemblies.size() - 1
)
);
result->m_subs = subAssemblies | ranges::views::values | ranges::to<std::vector>;
}
if (_level == 0)
result->encodeAllPossibleSubPathsInAssemblyTree();
return std::make_pair(result, _level == 0 ? parsedSourceList : std::vector<std::string>{});
}
void Assembly::encodeAllPossibleSubPathsInAssemblyTree(std::vector<size_t> _pathFromRoot, std::vector<Assembly*> _assembliesOnPath)
{
_assembliesOnPath.push_back(this);
for (_pathFromRoot.push_back(0); _pathFromRoot.back() < m_subs.size(); ++_pathFromRoot.back())
{
for (size_t distanceFromRoot = 0; distanceFromRoot < _assembliesOnPath.size(); ++distanceFromRoot)
_assembliesOnPath[distanceFromRoot]->encodeSubPath(
_pathFromRoot | ranges::views::drop_exactly(distanceFromRoot) | ranges::to<std::vector>
);
m_subs[_pathFromRoot.back()]->encodeAllPossibleSubPathsInAssemblyTree(_pathFromRoot, _assembliesOnPath);
}
}
std::shared_ptr<std::string const> Assembly::sharedSourceName(std::string const& _name) const
{
if (s_sharedSourceNames.find(_name) == s_sharedSourceNames.end())
s_sharedSourceNames[_name] = std::make_shared<std::string>(_name);
return s_sharedSourceNames[_name];
}
AssemblyItem Assembly::namedTag(std::string const& _name, size_t _params, size_t _returns, std::optional<uint64_t> _sourceID)
{
assertThrow(!_name.empty(), AssemblyException, "Empty named tag.");
if (m_namedTags.count(_name))
{
assertThrow(m_namedTags.at(_name).params == _params, AssemblyException, "");
assertThrow(m_namedTags.at(_name).returns == _returns, AssemblyException, "");
assertThrow(m_namedTags.at(_name).sourceID == _sourceID, AssemblyException, "");
}
else
m_namedTags[_name] = {static_cast<size_t>(newTag().data()), _sourceID, _params, _returns};
return AssemblyItem{Tag, m_namedTags.at(_name).id};
}
AssemblyItem Assembly::newFunctionCall(uint16_t _functionID) const
{
solAssert(_functionID < m_codeSections.size(), "Call to undeclared function.");
solAssert(_functionID > 0, "Cannot call section 0");
auto const& section = m_codeSections.at(_functionID);
if (section.nonReturning)
return AssemblyItem::jumpToFunction(_functionID, section.inputs, section.outputs);
else
return AssemblyItem::functionCall(_functionID, section.inputs, section.outputs);
}
AssemblyItem Assembly::newFunctionReturn() const
{
solAssert(m_currentCodeSection != 0, "Appending function return without begin function.");
return AssemblyItem::functionReturn();
}
uint16_t Assembly::createFunction(uint8_t _args, uint8_t _rets, bool _nonReturning)
{
size_t functionID = m_codeSections.size();
solRequire(functionID < 1024, AssemblyException, "Too many functions for EOF");
solAssert(m_currentCodeSection == 0, "Functions need to be declared from the main block.");
solRequire(_rets <= 127, AssemblyException, "Too many function returns.");
solRequire(_args <= 127, AssemblyException, "Too many function inputs.");
m_codeSections.emplace_back(CodeSection{_args, _rets, _nonReturning, {}});
return static_cast<uint16_t>(functionID);
}
void Assembly::beginFunction(uint16_t _functionID)
{
solAssert(m_currentCodeSection == 0, "Attempted to begin a function before ending the last one.");
solAssert(_functionID != 0, "Attempt to begin a function with id 0");
solAssert(_functionID < m_codeSections.size(), "Attempt to begin an undeclared function.");
auto& section = m_codeSections.at(_functionID);
solAssert(section.items.empty(), "Function already defined.");
m_currentCodeSection = _functionID;
}
void Assembly::endFunction()
{
solAssert(m_currentCodeSection != 0, "End function without begin function.");
m_currentCodeSection = 0;
}
AssemblyItem Assembly::newPushLibraryAddress(std::string const& _identifier)
{
h256 h(util::keccak256(_identifier));
m_libraries[h] = _identifier;
return AssemblyItem{PushLibraryAddress, h};
}
AssemblyItem Assembly::newPushImmutable(std::string const& _identifier)
{
h256 h(util::keccak256(_identifier));
m_immutables[h] = _identifier;
return AssemblyItem{PushImmutable, h};
}
AssemblyItem Assembly::newImmutableAssignment(std::string const& _identifier)
{
h256 h(util::keccak256(_identifier));
m_immutables[h] = _identifier;
return AssemblyItem{AssignImmutable, h};
}
AssemblyItem Assembly::newAuxDataLoadN(size_t _offset) const
{
return AssemblyItem{AuxDataLoadN, _offset};
}
AssemblyItem Assembly::newSwapN(size_t _depth) const
{
return AssemblyItem::swapN(_depth);
}
AssemblyItem Assembly::newDupN(size_t _depth) const
{
return AssemblyItem::dupN(_depth);
}
Assembly& Assembly::optimise(OptimiserSettings const& _settings)
{
optimiseInternal(_settings, {});
return *this;
}
std::map<u256, u256> const& Assembly::optimiseInternal(
OptimiserSettings const& _settings,
std::set<size_t> _tagsReferencedFromOutside
)
{
if (m_tagReplacements)
return *m_tagReplacements;
// Run optimisation for sub-assemblies.
// TODO: verify and double-check this for EOF.
for (size_t subId = 0; subId < m_subs.size(); ++subId)
{
OptimiserSettings settings = _settings;
Assembly& sub = *m_subs[subId];
std::set<size_t> referencedTags;
for (auto& codeSection: m_codeSections)
referencedTags += JumpdestRemover::referencedTags(codeSection.items, subId);
std::map<u256, u256> const& subTagReplacements = sub.optimiseInternal(
settings,
referencedTags
);
// Apply the replacements (can be empty).
for (auto& codeSection: m_codeSections)
BlockDeduplicator::applyTagReplacement(codeSection.items, subTagReplacements, subId);
}
std::map<u256, u256> tagReplacements;
// Iterate until no new optimisation possibilities are found.
for (unsigned count = 1; count > 0;)
{
count = 0;
// TODO: verify this for EOF.
if (_settings.runInliner && !m_eofVersion.has_value())
{
solAssert(m_codeSections.size() == 1);
Inliner{
m_codeSections.front().items,
_tagsReferencedFromOutside,
_settings.expectedExecutionsPerDeployment,
isCreation(),
m_evmVersion
}.optimise();
}
// TODO: verify this for EOF.
if (_settings.runJumpdestRemover && !m_eofVersion.has_value())
{
for (auto& codeSection: m_codeSections)
{
JumpdestRemover jumpdestOpt{codeSection.items};
if (jumpdestOpt.optimise(_tagsReferencedFromOutside))
count++;
}
}
// TODO: verify this for EOF.
if (_settings.runPeephole && !m_eofVersion.has_value())
{
for (auto& codeSection: m_codeSections)
{
PeepholeOptimiser peepOpt{codeSection.items, m_evmVersion};
while (peepOpt.optimise())
{
count++;
assertThrow(count < 64000, OptimizerException, "Peephole optimizer seems to be stuck.");
}
}
}
// This only modifies PushTags, we have to run again to actually remove code.
// TODO: implement for EOF.
if (_settings.runDeduplicate && !m_eofVersion.has_value())
for (auto& section: m_codeSections)
{
BlockDeduplicator deduplicator{section.items};
if (deduplicator.deduplicate())
{
for (auto const& replacement: deduplicator.replacedTags())
{
assertThrow(
replacement.first <= std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max() && replacement.second <= std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max(),
OptimizerException,
"Invalid tag replacement."
);
assertThrow(
!tagReplacements.count(replacement.first),
OptimizerException,
"Replacement already known."
);
tagReplacements[replacement.first] = replacement.second;
if (_tagsReferencedFromOutside.erase(static_cast<size_t>(replacement.first)))
_tagsReferencedFromOutside.insert(static_cast<size_t>(replacement.second));
}
count++;
}
}
// TODO: investigate for EOF
if (_settings.runCSE && !m_eofVersion.has_value())
{
// Control flow graph optimization has been here before but is disabled because it
// assumes we only jump to tags that are pushed. This is not the case anymore with
// function types that can be stored in storage.
AssemblyItems optimisedItems;
solAssert(m_codeSections.size() == 1);
auto& items = m_codeSections.front().items;
bool usesMSize = ranges::any_of(items, [](AssemblyItem const& _i) {
return _i == AssemblyItem{Instruction::MSIZE} || _i.type() == VerbatimBytecode;
});
auto iter = items.begin();
while (iter != items.end())
{
KnownState emptyState;
CommonSubexpressionEliminator eliminator{emptyState};
auto orig = iter;
iter = eliminator.feedItems(iter, items.end(), usesMSize);
bool shouldReplace = false;
AssemblyItems optimisedChunk;
try
{
optimisedChunk = eliminator.getOptimizedItems();
shouldReplace = (optimisedChunk.size() < static_cast<size_t>(iter - orig));
}
catch (StackTooDeepException const&)
{
// This might happen if the opcode reconstruction is not as efficient
// as the hand-crafted code.
}
catch (ItemNotAvailableException const&)
{
// This might happen if e.g. associativity and commutativity rules
// reorganise the expression tree, but not all leaves are available.
}
if (shouldReplace)
{
count++;
optimisedItems += optimisedChunk;
}
else
copy(orig, iter, back_inserter(optimisedItems));
}
if (optimisedItems.size() < items.size())
{
items = std::move(optimisedItems);
count++;
}
}
}
if (_settings.runConstantOptimiser)
ConstantOptimisationMethod::optimiseConstants(
isCreation(),
isCreation() ? 1 : _settings.expectedExecutionsPerDeployment,
m_evmVersion,
*this,
m_eofVersion
);
m_tagReplacements = std::move(tagReplacements);
return *m_tagReplacements;
}
namespace
{
template<typename ValueT>
void setBigEndian(bytes& _dest, size_t _offset, size_t _size, ValueT _value)
{
assertThrow(numberEncodingSize(_value) <= _size, AssemblyException, "");
toBigEndian(_value, bytesRef(_dest.data() + _offset, _size));
}
template<typename ValueT>
void appendBigEndian(bytes& _dest, size_t _size, ValueT _value)
{
_dest.resize(_dest.size() + _size);
setBigEndian(_dest, _dest.size() - _size, _size, _value);
}
template<typename ValueT>
void setBigEndianUint16(bytes& _dest, size_t _offset, ValueT _value)
{
setBigEndian(_dest, _offset, 2, _value);
}
template<typename ValueT>
void appendBigEndianUint16(bytes& _dest, ValueT _value)
{
static_assert(!std::numeric_limits<ValueT>::is_signed, "only unsigned types or bigint supported");
assertThrow(_value <= 0xFFFF, AssemblyException, "");
appendBigEndian(_dest, 2, static_cast<size_t>(_value));
}
// Calculates maximum stack height for given code section. According to EIP5450 https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-5450
uint16_t calculateMaxStackHeight(Assembly::CodeSection const& _section)
{
static auto constexpr UNVISITED = std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max();
AssemblyItems const& items = _section.items;
solAssert(!items.empty());
uint16_t overallMaxHeight = _section.inputs;
std::stack<size_t> worklist;
std::vector<size_t> maxStackHeights(items.size(), UNVISITED);
// Init first item stack height to number of inputs to the code section
// maxStackHeights stores stack height for an item before the item execution
maxStackHeights[0] = _section.inputs;
// Push first item index to the worklist