x.c

/* See LICENSE for license details. */
#include <errno.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/select.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <libgen.h>
#include <X11/Xatom.h>
#include <X11/Xlib.h>
#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
#include <X11/keysym.h>
#include <X11/Xft/Xft.h>
#include <X11/XKBlib.h>

char *argv0;
#include "arg.h"
#include "st.h"
#include "win.h"
#include "hb.h"

/* types used in config.h */
typedef struct {
    uint mod;
    KeySym keysym;
    void (*func)(const Arg *);
    const Arg arg;
} Shortcut;

typedef struct {
    uint mod;
    uint button;
    void (*func)(const Arg *);
    const Arg arg;
    uint  release;
} MouseShortcut;

typedef struct {
    KeySym k;
    uint mask;
    char *s;
    /* three-valued logic variables: 0 indifferent, 1 on, -1 off */
    signed char appkey;    /* application keypad */
    signed char appcursor; /* application cursor */
} Key;

/* X modifiers */
#define XK_ANY_MOD    UINT_MAX
#define XK_NO_MOD     0
#define XK_SWITCH_MOD (1<<13|1<<14)

/* function definitions used in config.h */
static void clipcopy(const Arg *);
static void clippaste(const Arg *);
static void numlock(const Arg *);
static void selpaste(const Arg *);
static void zoom(const Arg *);
static void zoomabs(const Arg *);
static void zoomreset(const Arg *);
static void ttysend(const Arg *);

/* config.h for applying patches and the configuration. */
#include "config.h"

/* XEMBED messages */
#define XEMBED_FOCUS_IN  4
#define XEMBED_FOCUS_OUT 5

/* macros */
#define IS_SET(flag)        ((win.mode & (flag)) != 0)
#define TRUERED(x)          (((x) & 0xff0000) >> 8)
#define TRUEGREEN(x)        (((x) & 0xff00))
#define TRUEBLUE(x)         (((x) & 0xff) << 8)

typedef XftDraw *Draw;
typedef XftColor Color;
typedef XftGlyphFontSpec GlyphFontSpec;

/* Purely graphic info */
typedef struct {
    int tw, th; /* tty width and height */
    int w, h; /* window width and height */
    int hborderpx, vborderpx;
    int ch; /* char height */
    int cw; /* char width  */
    int mode; /* window state/mode flags */
    int cursor; /* cursor style */
} TermWindow;

typedef struct {
    Display *dpy;
    Colormap cmap;
    Window win;
    Drawable buf;
    GlyphFontSpec *specbuf; /* font spec buffer used for rendering */
    Atom xembed, wmdeletewin, netwmname, netwmiconname, netwmpid;
    struct {
        XIM xim;
        XIC xic;
        XPoint spot;
        XVaNestedList spotlist;
    } ime;
    Draw draw;
    Visual *vis;
    XSetWindowAttributes attrs;
    int scr;
    int isfixed; /* is fixed geometry? */
        int depth; /* bit depth */
    int l, t; /* left and top offset */
    int gm; /* geometry mask */
} XWindow;

typedef struct {
    Atom xtarget;
    char *primary, *clipboard;
    struct timespec tclick1;
    struct timespec tclick2;
} XSelection;

/* Font structure */
#define Font Font_
typedef struct {
    int height;
    int width;
    int ascent;
    int descent;
    int badslant;
    int badweight;
    short lbearing;
    short rbearing;
    XftFont *match;
    FcFontSet *set;
    FcPattern *pattern;
} Font;

/* Drawing Context */
typedef struct {
    Color *col;
    size_t collen;
    Font font, bfont, ifont, ibfont;
    GC gc;
} DC;

static inline ushort sixd_to_16bit(int);
static int xmakeglyphfontspecs(XftGlyphFontSpec *, const Glyph *, int, int, int);
static void xdrawglyphfontspecs(const XftGlyphFontSpec *, Glyph, int, int, int);
static void xdrawglyph(Glyph, int, int);
static void xclear(int, int, int, int);
static int xgeommasktogravity(int);
static int ximopen(Display *);
static void ximinstantiate(Display *, XPointer, XPointer);
static void ximdestroy(XIM, XPointer, XPointer);
static int xicdestroy(XIC, XPointer, XPointer);
static void xinit(int, int);
static void cresize(int, int);
static void xresize(int, int);
static void xhints(void);
static int xloadcolor(int, const char *, Color *);
static int xloadfont(Font *, FcPattern *);
static void xloadfonts(const char *, double);
static void xunloadfont(Font *);
static void xunloadfonts(void);
static void xsetenv(void);
static void xseturgency(int);
static int evcol(XEvent *);
static int evrow(XEvent *);

static void expose(XEvent *);
static void visibility(XEvent *);
static void unmap(XEvent *);
static void kpress(XEvent *);
static void cmessage(XEvent *);
static void resize(XEvent *);
static void focus(XEvent *);
static uint buttonmask(uint);
static int mouseaction(XEvent *, uint);
static void brelease(XEvent *);
static void bpress(XEvent *);
static void bmotion(XEvent *);
static void propnotify(XEvent *);
static void selnotify(XEvent *);
static void selclear_(XEvent *);
static void selrequest(XEvent *);
static void setsel(char *, Time);
static void mousesel(XEvent *, int);
static void mousereport(XEvent *);
static char *kmap(KeySym, uint);
static int match(uint, uint);

static void run(void);
static void usage(void);

static void (*handler[LASTEvent])(XEvent *) = {
    [KeyPress] = kpress,
    [ClientMessage] = cmessage,
    [ConfigureNotify] = resize,
    [VisibilityNotify] = visibility,
    [UnmapNotify] = unmap,
    [Expose] = expose,
    [FocusIn] = focus,
    [FocusOut] = focus,
    [MotionNotify] = bmotion,
    [ButtonPress] = bpress,
    [ButtonRelease] = brelease,
/*
 * Uncomment if you want the selection to disappear when you select something
 * different in another window.
 */
/*    [SelectionClear] = selclear_, */
    [SelectionNotify] = selnotify,
/*
 * PropertyNotify is only turned on when there is some INCR transfer happening
 * for the selection retrieval.
 */
    [PropertyNotify] = propnotify,
    [SelectionRequest] = selrequest,
};

/* Globals */
static DC dc;
static XWindow xw;
static XSelection xsel;
static TermWindow win;

/* Font Ring Cache */
enum {
    FRC_NORMAL,
    FRC_ITALIC,
    FRC_BOLD,
    FRC_ITALICBOLD
};

typedef struct {
    XftFont *font;
    int flags;
    Rune unicodep;
} Fontcache;

/* Fontcache is an array now. A new font will be appended to the array. */
static Fontcache *frc = NULL;
static int frclen = 0;
static int frccap = 0;
static char *usedfont = NULL;
static double usedfontsize = 0;
static double defaultfontsize = 0;

static char *opt_alpha = NULL;
static char *opt_class = NULL;
static char **opt_cmd  = NULL;
static char *opt_embed = NULL;
static char *opt_font  = NULL;
static char *opt_io    = NULL;
static char *opt_line  = NULL;
static char *opt_name  = NULL;
static char *opt_title = NULL;
static char *opt_dir   = NULL;
 

static uint buttons; /* bit field of pressed buttons */

void
clipcopy(const Arg *dummy)
{
    Atom clipboard;

    free(xsel.clipboard);
    xsel.clipboard = NULL;

    if (xsel.primary != NULL) {
        xsel.clipboard = xstrdup(xsel.primary);
        clipboard = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "CLIPBOARD", 0);
        XSetSelectionOwner(xw.dpy, clipboard, xw.win, CurrentTime);
    }
}

void
clippaste(const Arg *dummy)
{
    Atom clipboard;

    clipboard = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "CLIPBOARD", 0);
    XConvertSelection(xw.dpy, clipboard, xsel.xtarget, clipboard,
            xw.win, CurrentTime);
}

void
selpaste(const Arg *dummy)
{
    XConvertSelection(xw.dpy, XA_PRIMARY, xsel.xtarget, XA_PRIMARY,
            xw.win, CurrentTime);
}

void
numlock(const Arg *dummy)
{
    win.mode ^= MODE_NUMLOCK;
}

void
zoom(const Arg *arg)
{
    Arg larg;

    larg.f = usedfontsize + arg->f;
    zoomabs(&larg);
}

void
zoomabs(const Arg *arg)
{
    xunloadfonts();
    xloadfonts(usedfont, arg->f);
    cresize(0, 0);
    redraw();
    xhints();
}

void
zoomreset(const Arg *arg)
{
    Arg larg;

    if (defaultfontsize > 0) {
        larg.f = defaultfontsize;
        zoomabs(&larg);
    }
}

void
ttysend(const Arg *arg)
{
    ttywrite(arg->s, strlen(arg->s), 1);
}

int
evcol(XEvent *e)
{
    int x = e->xbutton.x - win.hborderpx;
    LIMIT(x, 0, win.tw - 1);
    return x / win.cw;
}

int
evrow(XEvent *e)
{
    int y = e->xbutton.y - win.vborderpx;
    LIMIT(y, 0, win.th - 1);
    return y / win.ch;
}

void
mousesel(XEvent *e, int done)
{
    int type, seltype = SEL_REGULAR;
    uint state = e->xbutton.state & ~(Button1Mask | forcemousemod);

    for (type = 1; type < LEN(selmasks); ++type) {
        if (match(selmasks[type], state)) {
            seltype = type;
            break;
        }
    }
    selextend(evcol(e), evrow(e), seltype, done);
    if (done)
        setsel(getsel(), e->xbutton.time);
}

void
mousereport(XEvent *e)
{
    int len, btn, code;
    int x = evcol(e), y = evrow(e);
    int state = e->xbutton.state;
    char buf[40];
    static int ox, oy;

    if (e->type == MotionNotify) {
        if (x == ox && y == oy)
            return;
        if (!IS_SET(MODE_MOUSEMOTION) && !IS_SET(MODE_MOUSEMANY))
            return;
        /* MODE_MOUSEMOTION: no reporting if no button is pressed */
        if (IS_SET(MODE_MOUSEMOTION) && buttons == 0)
            return;
        /* Set btn to lowest-numbered pressed button, or 12 if no
         * buttons are pressed. */
        for (btn = 1; btn <= 11 && !(buttons & (1<<(btn-1))); btn++)
            ;
        code = 32;
    } else {
        btn = e->xbutton.button;
        /* Only buttons 1 through 11 can be encoded */
        if (btn < 1 || btn > 11)
            return;
        if (e->type == ButtonRelease) {
            /* MODE_MOUSEX10: no button release reporting */
            if (IS_SET(MODE_MOUSEX10))
                return;
            /* Don't send release events for the scroll wheel */
            if (btn == 4 || btn == 5)
                return;
        }
        code = 0;
    }

    ox = x;
    oy = y;

    /* Encode btn into code. If no button is pressed for a motion event in
     * MODE_MOUSEMANY, then encode it as a release. */
    if ((!IS_SET(MODE_MOUSESGR) && e->type == ButtonRelease) || btn == 12)
        code += 3;
    else if (btn >= 8)
        code += 128 + btn - 8;
    else if (btn >= 4)
        code += 64 + btn - 4;
    else
        code += btn - 1;

    if (!IS_SET(MODE_MOUSEX10)) {
        code += ((state & ShiftMask  ) ?  4 : 0)
              + ((state & Mod1Mask   ) ?  8 : 0) /* meta key: alt */
              + ((state & ControlMask) ? 16 : 0);
    }

    if (IS_SET(MODE_MOUSESGR)) {
        len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "\033[<%d;%d;%d%c",
                code, x+1, y+1,
                e->type == ButtonRelease ? 'm' : 'M');
    } else if (x < 223 && y < 223) {
        len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "\033[M%c%c%c",
                32+code, 32+x+1, 32+y+1);
    } else {
        return;
    }

    ttywrite(buf, len, 0);
}

uint
buttonmask(uint button)
{
    return button == Button1 ? Button1Mask
         : button == Button2 ? Button2Mask
         : button == Button3 ? Button3Mask
         : button == Button4 ? Button4Mask
         : button == Button5 ? Button5Mask
         : 0;
}

int
mouseaction(XEvent *e, uint release)
{
    MouseShortcut *ms;

    /* ignore Button<N>mask for Button<N> - it's set on release */
    uint state = e->xbutton.state & ~buttonmask(e->xbutton.button);

    for (ms = mshortcuts; ms < mshortcuts + LEN(mshortcuts); ms++) {
        if (ms->release == release &&
            ms->button == e->xbutton.button &&
            (match(ms->mod, state) ||  /* exact or forced */
             match(ms->mod, state & ~forcemousemod))) {
            ms->func(&(ms->arg));
            return 1;
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

void
bpress(XEvent *e)
{
    int btn = e->xbutton.button;
    struct timespec now;
    int snap;

    if (1 <= btn && btn <= 11)
        buttons |= 1 << (btn-1);

    if (IS_SET(MODE_MOUSE) && !(e->xbutton.state & forcemousemod)) {
        mousereport(e);
        return;
    }

    if (mouseaction(e, 0))
        return;

    if (btn == Button1) {
        /*
         * If the user clicks below predefined timeouts specific
         * snapping behaviour is exposed.
         */
        clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
        if (TIMEDIFF(now, xsel.tclick2) <= tripleclicktimeout) {
            snap = SNAP_LINE;
        } else if (TIMEDIFF(now, xsel.tclick1) <= doubleclicktimeout) {
            snap = SNAP_WORD;
        } else {
            snap = 0;
        }
        xsel.tclick2 = xsel.tclick1;
        xsel.tclick1 = now;

        selstart(evcol(e), evrow(e), snap);
    }
}

void
propnotify(XEvent *e)
{
    XPropertyEvent *xpev;
    Atom clipboard = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "CLIPBOARD", 0);

    xpev = &e->xproperty;
    if (xpev->state == PropertyNewValue &&
            (xpev->atom == XA_PRIMARY ||
             xpev->atom == clipboard)) {
        selnotify(e);
    }
}

void
selnotify(XEvent *e)
{
    ulong nitems, ofs, rem;
    int format;
    uchar *data, *last, *repl;
    Atom type, incratom, property = None;

    incratom = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "INCR", 0);

    ofs = 0;
    if (e->type == SelectionNotify)
        property = e->xselection.property;
    else if (e->type == PropertyNotify)
        property = e->xproperty.atom;

    if (property == None)
        return;

    do {
        if (XGetWindowProperty(xw.dpy, xw.win, property, ofs,
                    BUFSIZ/4, False, AnyPropertyType,
                    &type, &format, &nitems, &rem,
                    &data)) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Clipboard allocation failed\n");
            return;
        }

        if (e->type == PropertyNotify && nitems == 0 && rem == 0) {
            /*
             * If there is some PropertyNotify with no data, then
             * this is the signal of the selection owner that all
             * data has been transferred. We won't need to receive
             * PropertyNotify events anymore.
             */
            MODBIT(xw.attrs.event_mask, 0, PropertyChangeMask);
            XChangeWindowAttributes(xw.dpy, xw.win, CWEventMask,
                    &xw.attrs);
        }

        if (type == incratom) {
            /*
             * Activate the PropertyNotify events so we receive
             * when the selection owner does send us the next
             * chunk of data.
             */
            MODBIT(xw.attrs.event_mask, 1, PropertyChangeMask);
            XChangeWindowAttributes(xw.dpy, xw.win, CWEventMask,
                    &xw.attrs);

            /*
             * Deleting the property is the transfer start signal.
             */
            XDeleteProperty(xw.dpy, xw.win, (int)property);
            continue;
        }

        /*
         * As seen in getsel:
         * Line endings are inconsistent in the terminal and GUI world
         * copy and pasting. When receiving some selection data,
         * replace all '\n' with '\r'.
         * FIXME: Fix the computer world.
         */
        repl = data;
        last = data + nitems * format / 8;
        while ((repl = memchr(repl, '\n', last - repl))) {
            *repl++ = '\r';
        }

        if (IS_SET(MODE_BRCKTPASTE) && ofs == 0)
            ttywrite("\033[200~", 6, 0);
        ttywrite((char *)data, nitems * format / 8, 1);
        if (IS_SET(MODE_BRCKTPASTE) && rem == 0)
            ttywrite("\033[201~", 6, 0);
        XFree(data);
        /* number of 32-bit chunks returned */
        ofs += nitems * format / 32;
    } while (rem > 0);

    /*
     * Deleting the property again tells the selection owner to send the
     * next data chunk in the property.
     */
    XDeleteProperty(xw.dpy, xw.win, (int)property);
}

void
xclipcopy(void)
{
    clipcopy(NULL);
}

void
selclear_(XEvent *e)
{
    selclear();
}

void
selrequest(XEvent *e)
{
    XSelectionRequestEvent *xsre;
    XSelectionEvent xev;
    Atom xa_targets, string, clipboard;
    char *seltext;

    xsre = (XSelectionRequestEvent *) e;
    xev.type = SelectionNotify;
    xev.requestor = xsre->requestor;
    xev.selection = xsre->selection;
    xev.target = xsre->target;
    xev.time = xsre->time;
    if (xsre->property == None)
        xsre->property = xsre->target;

    /* reject */
    xev.property = None;

    xa_targets = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "TARGETS", 0);
    if (xsre->target == xa_targets) {
        /* respond with the supported type */
        string = xsel.xtarget;
        XChangeProperty(xsre->display, xsre->requestor, xsre->property,
                XA_ATOM, 32, PropModeReplace,
                (uchar *) &string, 1);
        xev.property = xsre->property;
    } else if (xsre->target == xsel.xtarget || xsre->target == XA_STRING) {
        /*
         * xith XA_STRING non ascii characters may be incorrect in the
         * requestor. It is not our problem, use utf8.
         */
        clipboard = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "CLIPBOARD", 0);
        if (xsre->selection == XA_PRIMARY) {
            seltext = xsel.primary;
        } else if (xsre->selection == clipboard) {
            seltext = xsel.clipboard;
        } else {
            fprintf(stderr,
                "Unhandled clipboard selection 0x%lx\n",
                xsre->selection);
            return;
        }
        if (seltext != NULL) {
            XChangeProperty(xsre->display, xsre->requestor,
                    xsre->property, xsre->target,
                    8, PropModeReplace,
                    (uchar *)seltext, strlen(seltext));
            xev.property = xsre->property;
        }
    }

    /* all done, send a notification to the listener */
    if (!XSendEvent(xsre->display, xsre->requestor, 1, 0, (XEvent *) &xev))
        fprintf(stderr, "Error sending SelectionNotify event\n");
}

void
setsel(char *str, Time t)
{
    if (!str)
        return;

    free(xsel.primary);
    xsel.primary = str;

    XSetSelectionOwner(xw.dpy, XA_PRIMARY, xw.win, t);
    if (XGetSelectionOwner(xw.dpy, XA_PRIMARY) != xw.win)
        selclear();
}

void
xsetsel(char *str)
{
    setsel(str, CurrentTime);
}

void
brelease(XEvent *e)
{
    int btn = e->xbutton.button;

    if (1 <= btn && btn <= 11)
        buttons &= ~(1 << (btn-1));

    if (IS_SET(MODE_MOUSE) && !(e->xbutton.state & forcemousemod)) {
        mousereport(e);
        return;
    }

    if (mouseaction(e, 1))
        return;
    if (btn == Button1)
        mousesel(e, 1);
}

void
bmotion(XEvent *e)
{
    if (IS_SET(MODE_MOUSE) && !(e->xbutton.state & forcemousemod)) {
        mousereport(e);
        return;
    }

    mousesel(e, 0);
}

void
cresize(int width, int height)
{
    int col, row;

    if (width != 0)
        win.w = width;
    if (height != 0)
        win.h = height;

    col = (win.w - 2 * borderpx) / win.cw;
    row = (win.h - 2 * borderpx) / win.ch;
    col = MAX(1, col);
    row = MAX(1, row);

        win.hborderpx = (win.w - col * win.cw) / 2;
        win.vborderpx = (win.h - row * win.ch) / 2;

    tresize(col, row);
    xresize(col, row);
    ttyresize(win.tw, win.th);
}

void
xresize(int col, int row)
{
    win.tw = col * win.cw;
    win.th = row * win.ch;

    XFreePixmap(xw.dpy, xw.buf);
    xw.buf = XCreatePixmap(xw.dpy, xw.win, win.w, win.h,
            xw.depth);
    XftDrawChange(xw.draw, xw.buf);
    xclear(0, 0, win.w, win.h);

    /* resize to new width */
    xw.specbuf = xrealloc(xw.specbuf, col * sizeof(GlyphFontSpec));
}

ushort
sixd_to_16bit(int x)
{
    return x == 0 ? 0 : 0x3737 + 0x2828 * x;
}

int
xloadcolor(int i, const char *name, Color *ncolor)
{
    XRenderColor color = { .alpha = 0xffff };

    if (!name) {
        if (BETWEEN(i, 16, 255)) { /* 256 color */
            if (i < 6*6*6+16) { /* same colors as xterm */
                color.red   = sixd_to_16bit( ((i-16)/36)%6 );
                color.green = sixd_to_16bit( ((i-16)/6) %6 );
                color.blue  = sixd_to_16bit( ((i-16)/1) %6 );
            } else { /* greyscale */
                color.red = 0x0808 + 0x0a0a * (i - (6*6*6+16));
                color.green = color.blue = color.red;
            }
            return XftColorAllocValue(xw.dpy, xw.vis,
                                      xw.cmap, &color, ncolor);
        } else
            name = colorname[i];
    }

    return XftColorAllocName(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, name, ncolor);
}

void
xloadcols(void)
{
    int i;
    static int loaded;
    Color *cp;

    if (loaded) {
        for (cp = dc.col; cp < &dc.col[dc.collen]; ++cp)
            XftColorFree(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, cp);
    } else {
        dc.collen = MAX(LEN(colorname), 256);
        dc.col = xmalloc(dc.collen * sizeof(Color));
    }

    for (i = 0; i < dc.collen; i++)
        if (!xloadcolor(i, NULL, &dc.col[i])) {
            if (colorname[i])
                die("could not allocate color '%s'\n", colorname[i]);
            else
                die("could not allocate color %d\n", i);
        }

    /* set alpha value of bg color */
    if (opt_alpha)
        alpha = strtof(opt_alpha, NULL);
    dc.col[defaultbg].color.alpha = (unsigned short)(0xffff * alpha);
    dc.col[defaultbg].pixel &= 0x00FFFFFF;
    dc.col[defaultbg].pixel |= (unsigned char)(0xff * alpha) << 24;
    loaded = 1;
}

int
xgetcolor(int x, unsigned char *r, unsigned char *g, unsigned char *b)
{
    if (!BETWEEN(x, 0, dc.collen))
        return 1;

    *r = dc.col[x].color.red >> 8;
    *g = dc.col[x].color.green >> 8;
    *b = dc.col[x].color.blue >> 8;

    return 0;
}

int
xsetcolorname(int x, const char *name)
{
    Color ncolor;

    if (!BETWEEN(x, 0, dc.collen))
        return 1;

    if (!xloadcolor(x, name, &ncolor))
        return 1;

    XftColorFree(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, &dc.col[x]);
    dc.col[x] = ncolor;

    return 0;
}

/*
 * Absolute coordinates.
 */
void
xclear(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2)
{
    XftDrawRect(xw.draw,
            &dc.col[IS_SET(MODE_REVERSE)? defaultfg : defaultbg],
            x1, y1, x2-x1, y2-y1);
}

void
xhints(void)
{
    XClassHint class = {opt_name ? opt_name : termname,
                        opt_class ? opt_class : termname};
    XWMHints wm = {.flags = InputHint, .input = 1};
    XSizeHints *sizeh;

    sizeh = XAllocSizeHints();

    sizeh->flags = PSize | PResizeInc | PBaseSize | PMinSize;
    sizeh->height = win.h;
    sizeh->width = win.w;
    sizeh->height_inc = 1;
    sizeh->width_inc = 1;
    sizeh->base_height = 2 * borderpx;
    sizeh->base_width = 2 * borderpx;
    sizeh->min_height = win.ch + 2 * borderpx;
    sizeh->min_width = win.cw + 2 * borderpx;
    if (xw.isfixed) {
        sizeh->flags |= PMaxSize;
        sizeh->min_width = sizeh->max_width = win.w;
        sizeh->min_height = sizeh->max_height = win.h;
    }
    if (xw.gm & (XValue|YValue)) {
        sizeh->flags |= USPosition | PWinGravity;
        sizeh->x = xw.l;
        sizeh->y = xw.t;
        sizeh->win_gravity = xgeommasktogravity(xw.gm);
    }

    XSetWMProperties(xw.dpy, xw.win, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, sizeh, &wm,
            &class);
    XFree(sizeh);
}

int
xgeommasktogravity(int mask)
{
    switch (mask & (XNegative|YNegative)) {
    case 0:
        return NorthWestGravity;
    case XNegative:
        return NorthEastGravity;
    case YNegative:
        return SouthWestGravity;
    }

    return SouthEastGravity;
}

int
xloadfont(Font *f, FcPattern *pattern)
{
    FcPattern *configured;
    FcPattern *match;
    FcResult result;
    XGlyphInfo extents;
    int wantattr, haveattr;

    /*
     * Manually configure instead of calling XftMatchFont
     * so that we can use the configured pattern for
     * "missing glyph" lookups.
     */
    configured = FcPatternDuplicate(pattern);
    if (!configured)
        return 1;

    FcConfigSubstitute(NULL, configured, FcMatchPattern);
    XftDefaultSubstitute(xw.dpy, xw.scr, configured);

    match = FcFontMatch(NULL, configured, &result);
    if (!match) {
        FcPatternDestroy(configured);
        return 1;
    }

    if (!(f->match = XftFontOpenPattern(xw.dpy, match))) {
        FcPatternDestroy(configured);
        FcPatternDestroy(match);
        return 1;
    }

    if ((XftPatternGetInteger(pattern, "slant", 0, &wantattr) ==
        XftResultMatch)) {
        /*
         * Check if xft was unable to find a font with the appropriate
         * slant but gave us one anyway. Try to mitigate.
         */
        if ((XftPatternGetInteger(f->match->pattern, "slant", 0,
            &haveattr) != XftResultMatch) || haveattr < wantattr) {
            f->badslant = 1;
            fputs("font slant does not match\n", stderr);
        }
    }

    if ((XftPatternGetInteger(pattern, "weight", 0, &wantattr) ==
        XftResultMatch)) {
        if ((XftPatternGetInteger(f->match->pattern, "weight", 0,
            &haveattr) != XftResultMatch) || haveattr != wantattr) {
            f->badweight = 1;
            fputs("font weight does not match\n", stderr);
        }
    }

    XftTextExtentsUtf8(xw.dpy, f->match,
        (const FcChar8 *) ascii_printable,
        strlen(ascii_printable), &extents);

    f->set = NULL;
    f->pattern = configured;

    f->ascent = f->match->ascent;
    f->descent = f->match->descent;
    f->lbearing = 0;
    f->rbearing = f->match->max_advance_width;

    f->height = f->ascent + f->descent;
    f->width = DIVCEIL(extents.xOff, strlen(ascii_printable));

    return 0;
}

void
xloadfonts(const char *fontstr, double fontsize)
{
    FcPattern *pattern;
    double fontval;

    if (fontstr[0] == '-')
        pattern = XftXlfdParse(fontstr, False, False);
    else
        pattern = FcNameParse((const FcChar8 *)fontstr);

    if (!pattern)
        die("can't open font %s\n", fontstr);

    if (fontsize > 1) {
        FcPatternDel(pattern, FC_PIXEL_SIZE);
        FcPatternDel(pattern, FC_SIZE);
        FcPatternAddDouble(pattern, FC_PIXEL_SIZE, (double)fontsize);
        usedfontsize = fontsize;
    } else {
        if (FcPatternGetDouble(pattern, FC_PIXEL_SIZE, 0, &fontval) ==
                FcResultMatch) {
            usedfontsize = fontval;
        } else if (FcPatternGetDouble(pattern, FC_SIZE, 0, &fontval) ==
                FcResultMatch) {
            usedfontsize = -1;
        } else {
            /*
             * Default font size is 12, if none given. This is to
             * have a known usedfontsize value.
             */
            FcPatternAddDouble(pattern, FC_PIXEL_SIZE, 12);
            usedfontsize = 12;
        }
        defaultfontsize = usedfontsize;
    }

    if (xloadfont(&dc.font, pattern))
        die("can't open font %s\n", fontstr);

    if (usedfontsize < 0) {
        FcPatternGetDouble(dc.font.match->pattern,
                           FC_PIXEL_SIZE, 0, &fontval);
        usedfontsize = fontval;
        if (fontsize == 0)
            defaultfontsize = fontval;
    }

    /* Setting character width and height. */
    win.cw = ceilf(dc.font.width * cwscale);
    win.ch = ceilf(dc.font.height * chscale);

    FcPatternDel(pattern, FC_SLANT);
    FcPatternAddInteger(pattern, FC_SLANT, FC_SLANT_ITALIC);
    if (xloadfont(&dc.ifont, pattern))
        die("can't open font %s\n", fontstr);

    FcPatternDel(pattern, FC_WEIGHT);
    FcPatternAddInteger(pattern, FC_WEIGHT, FC_WEIGHT_BOLD);
    if (xloadfont(&dc.ibfont, pattern))
        die("can't open font %s\n", fontstr);

    FcPatternDel(pattern, FC_SLANT);
    FcPatternAddInteger(pattern, FC_SLANT, FC_SLANT_ROMAN);
    if (xloadfont(&dc.bfont, pattern))
        die("can't open font %s\n", fontstr);

    FcPatternDestroy(pattern);
}

void
xunloadfont(Font *f)
{
    XftFontClose(xw.dpy, f->match);
    FcPatternDestroy(f->pattern);
    if (f->set)
        FcFontSetDestroy(f->set);
}

void
xunloadfonts(void)
{
    /* Clear Harfbuzz font cache. */
    hbunloadfonts();

    /* Free the loaded fonts in the font cache.  */
    while (frclen > 0)
        XftFontClose(xw.dpy, frc[--frclen].font);

    xunloadfont(&dc.font);
    xunloadfont(&dc.bfont);
    xunloadfont(&dc.ifont);
    xunloadfont(&dc.ibfont);
}

int
ximopen(Display *dpy)
{
    XIMCallback imdestroy = { .client_data = NULL, .callback = ximdestroy };
    XICCallback icdestroy = { .client_data = NULL, .callback = xicdestroy };

    xw.ime.xim = XOpenIM(xw.dpy, NULL, NULL, NULL);
    if (xw.ime.xim == NULL)
        return 0;

    if (XSetIMValues(xw.ime.xim, XNDestroyCallback, &imdestroy, NULL))
        fprintf(stderr, "XSetIMValues: "
                        "Could not set XNDestroyCallback.\n");

    xw.ime.spotlist = XVaCreateNestedList(0, XNSpotLocation, &xw.ime.spot,
                                          NULL);

    if (xw.ime.xic == NULL) {
        xw.ime.xic = XCreateIC(xw.ime.xim, XNInputStyle,
                               XIMPreeditNothing | XIMStatusNothing,
                               XNClientWindow, xw.win,
                               XNDestroyCallback, &icdestroy,
                               NULL);
    }
    if (xw.ime.xic == NULL)
        fprintf(stderr, "XCreateIC: Could not create input context.\n");

    return 1;
}

void
ximinstantiate(Display *dpy, XPointer client, XPointer call)
{
    if (ximopen(dpy))
        XUnregisterIMInstantiateCallback(xw.dpy, NULL, NULL, NULL,
                                         ximinstantiate, NULL);
}

void
ximdestroy(XIM xim, XPointer client, XPointer call)
{
    xw.ime.xim = NULL;
    XRegisterIMInstantiateCallback(xw.dpy, NULL, NULL, NULL,
                                   ximinstantiate, NULL);
    XFree(xw.ime.spotlist);
}

int
xicdestroy(XIC xim, XPointer client, XPointer call)
{
    xw.ime.xic = NULL;
    return 1;
}

void
xinit(int cols, int rows)
{
    XGCValues gcvalues;
    Cursor cursor;
    Window parent;
    pid_t thispid = getpid();
    XColor xmousefg, xmousebg;
    XWindowAttributes attr;
    XVisualInfo vis;

    if (!(xw.dpy = XOpenDisplay(NULL)))
        die("can't open display\n");
    xw.scr = XDefaultScreen(xw.dpy);

    if (!(opt_embed && (parent = strtol(opt_embed, NULL, 0)))) {
        parent = XRootWindow(xw.dpy, xw.scr);
        xw.depth = 32;
    } else {
        XGetWindowAttributes(xw.dpy, parent, &attr);
        xw.depth = attr.depth;
    }

    XMatchVisualInfo(xw.dpy, xw.scr, xw.depth, TrueColor, &vis);
    xw.vis = vis.visual;

    /* font */
    if (!FcInit())
        die("could not init fontconfig.\n");

    usedfont = (opt_font == NULL)? font : opt_font;
    xloadfonts(usedfont, 0);

    /* colors */
    xw.cmap = XCreateColormap(xw.dpy, parent, xw.vis, None);
    xloadcols();

    /* adjust fixed window geometry */
    win.w = 2 * win.hborderpx + cols * win.cw;
    win.h = 2 * win.vborderpx + rows * win.ch;
    if (xw.gm & XNegative)
        xw.l += DisplayWidth(xw.dpy, xw.scr) - win.w - 2;
    if (xw.gm & YNegative)
        xw.t += DisplayHeight(xw.dpy, xw.scr) - win.h - 2;

    /* Events */
    xw.attrs.background_pixel = dc.col[defaultbg].pixel;
    xw.attrs.border_pixel = dc.col[defaultbg].pixel;
    xw.attrs.bit_gravity = NorthWestGravity;
    xw.attrs.event_mask = FocusChangeMask | KeyPressMask | KeyReleaseMask
        | ExposureMask | VisibilityChangeMask | StructureNotifyMask
        | ButtonMotionMask | ButtonPressMask | ButtonReleaseMask;
    xw.attrs.colormap = xw.cmap;

    xw.win = XCreateWindow(xw.dpy, parent, xw.l, xw.t,
            win.w, win.h, 0, xw.depth, InputOutput,
            xw.vis, CWBackPixel | CWBorderPixel | CWBitGravity
            | CWEventMask | CWColormap, &xw.attrs);

    memset(&gcvalues, 0, sizeof(gcvalues));
    gcvalues.graphics_exposures = False;
    xw.buf = XCreatePixmap(xw.dpy, xw.win, win.w, win.h, xw.depth);
    dc.gc = XCreateGC(xw.dpy, xw.buf, GCGraphicsExposures, &gcvalues);
    XSetForeground(xw.dpy, dc.gc, dc.col[defaultbg].pixel);
    XFillRectangle(xw.dpy, xw.buf, dc.gc, 0, 0, win.w, win.h);

    /* font spec buffer */
    xw.specbuf = xmalloc(cols * sizeof(GlyphFontSpec));

    /* Xft rendering context */
    xw.draw = XftDrawCreate(xw.dpy, xw.buf, xw.vis, xw.cmap);

    /* input methods */
    if (!ximopen(xw.dpy)) {
        XRegisterIMInstantiateCallback(xw.dpy, NULL, NULL, NULL,
                                           ximinstantiate, NULL);
    }

    /* white cursor, black outline */
    cursor = XCreateFontCursor(xw.dpy, mouseshape);
    XDefineCursor(xw.dpy, xw.win, cursor);

    if (XParseColor(xw.dpy, xw.cmap, colorname[mousefg], &xmousefg) == 0) {
        xmousefg.red   = 0xffff;
        xmousefg.green = 0xffff;
        xmousefg.blue  = 0xffff;
    }

    if (XParseColor(xw.dpy, xw.cmap, colorname[mousebg], &xmousebg) == 0) {
        xmousebg.red   = 0x0000;
        xmousebg.green = 0x0000;
        xmousebg.blue  = 0x0000;
    }

    XRecolorCursor(xw.dpy, cursor, &xmousefg, &xmousebg);

    xw.xembed = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "_XEMBED", False);
    xw.wmdeletewin = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
    xw.netwmname = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
    xw.netwmiconname = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "_NET_WM_ICON_NAME", False);
    XSetWMProtocols(xw.dpy, xw.win, &xw.wmdeletewin, 1);

    xw.netwmpid = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "_NET_WM_PID", False);
    XChangeProperty(xw.dpy, xw.win, xw.netwmpid, XA_CARDINAL, 32,
            PropModeReplace, (uchar *)&thispid, 1);

    win.mode = MODE_NUMLOCK;
    resettitle();
    xhints();
    XMapWindow(xw.dpy, xw.win);
    XSync(xw.dpy, False);

    clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &xsel.tclick1);
    clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &xsel.tclick2);
    xsel.primary = NULL;
    xsel.clipboard = NULL;
    xsel.xtarget = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "UTF8_STRING", 0);
    if (xsel.xtarget == None)
        xsel.xtarget = XA_STRING;
}

int
xmakeglyphfontspecs(XftGlyphFontSpec *specs, const Glyph *glyphs, int len, int x, int y)
{
    float winx = win.hborderpx + x * win.cw, winy = win.vborderpx + y * win.ch, xp, yp;
    ushort mode, prevmode = USHRT_MAX;
    Font *font = &dc.font;
    int frcflags = FRC_NORMAL;
    float runewidth = win.cw;
    Rune rune;
    FT_UInt glyphidx;
    FcResult fcres;
    FcPattern *fcpattern, *fontpattern;
    FcFontSet *fcsets[] = { NULL };
    FcCharSet *fccharset;
    int i, f, numspecs = 0;

    for (i = 0, xp = winx, yp = winy + font->ascent; i < len; ++i) {
        /* Fetch rune and mode for current glyph. */
        rune = glyphs[i].u;
        mode = glyphs[i].mode;

        /* Skip dummy wide-character spacing. */
        if (mode & ATTR_WDUMMY)
            continue;

        /* Determine font for glyph if different from previous glyph. */
        if (prevmode != mode) {
            prevmode = mode;
            font = &dc.font;
            frcflags = FRC_NORMAL;
            runewidth = win.cw * ((mode & ATTR_WIDE) ? 2.0f : 1.0f);
            if ((mode & ATTR_ITALIC) && (mode & ATTR_BOLD)) {
                font = &dc.ibfont;
                frcflags = FRC_ITALICBOLD;
            } else if (mode & ATTR_ITALIC) {
                font = &dc.ifont;
                frcflags = FRC_ITALIC;
            } else if (mode & ATTR_BOLD) {
                font = &dc.bfont;
                frcflags = FRC_BOLD;
            }
            yp = winy + font->ascent;
        }

        /* Lookup character index with default font. */
        glyphidx = XftCharIndex(xw.dpy, font->match, rune);
        if (glyphidx) {
            specs[numspecs].font = font->match;
            specs[numspecs].glyph = glyphidx;
            specs[numspecs].x = (short)xp;
            specs[numspecs].y = (short)yp;
            xp += runewidth;
            numspecs++;
            continue;
        }

        /* Fallback on font cache, search the font cache for match. */
        for (f = 0; f < frclen; f++) {
            glyphidx = XftCharIndex(xw.dpy, frc[f].font, rune);
            /* Everything correct. */
            if (glyphidx && frc[f].flags == frcflags)
                break;
            /* We got a default font for a not found glyph. */
            if (!glyphidx && frc[f].flags == frcflags
                    && frc[f].unicodep == rune) {
                break;
            }
        }

        /* Nothing was found. Use fontconfig to find matching font. */
        if (f >= frclen) {
            if (!font->set)
                font->set = FcFontSort(0, font->pattern,
                                       1, 0, &fcres);
            fcsets[0] = font->set;

            /*
             * Nothing was found in the cache. Now use
             * some dozen of Fontconfig calls to get the
             * font for one single character.
             *
             * Xft and fontconfig are design failures.
             */
            fcpattern = FcPatternDuplicate(font->pattern);
            fccharset = FcCharSetCreate();

            FcCharSetAddChar(fccharset, rune);
            FcPatternAddCharSet(fcpattern, FC_CHARSET,
                    fccharset);
            FcPatternAddBool(fcpattern, FC_SCALABLE, 1);

            FcConfigSubstitute(0, fcpattern,
                    FcMatchPattern);
            FcDefaultSubstitute(fcpattern);

            fontpattern = FcFontSetMatch(0, fcsets, 1,
                    fcpattern, &fcres);

            /* Allocate memory for the new cache entry. */
            if (frclen >= frccap) {
                frccap += 16;
                frc = xrealloc(frc, frccap * sizeof(Fontcache));
            }

            frc[frclen].font = XftFontOpenPattern(xw.dpy,
                    fontpattern);
            if (!frc[frclen].font)
                die("XftFontOpenPattern failed seeking fallback font: %s\n",
                    strerror(errno));
            frc[frclen].flags = frcflags;
            frc[frclen].unicodep = rune;

            glyphidx = XftCharIndex(xw.dpy, frc[frclen].font, rune);

            f = frclen;
            frclen++;

            FcPatternDestroy(fcpattern);
            FcCharSetDestroy(fccharset);
        }

        specs[numspecs].font = frc[f].font;
        specs[numspecs].glyph = glyphidx;
        specs[numspecs].x = (short)xp;
        specs[numspecs].y = (short)yp;
        xp += runewidth;
        numspecs++;
    }

    hbtransform(specs, glyphs, len, x, y);
    /* Harfbuzz transformation for ligatures. */

    return numspecs;
}

void
xdrawglyphfontspecs(const XftGlyphFontSpec *specs, Glyph base, int len, int x, int y)
{
    int charlen = len * ((base.mode & ATTR_WIDE) ? 2 : 1);
    int winx = win.hborderpx + x * win.cw, winy = win.vborderpx + y * win.ch,
        width = charlen * win.cw;
    Color *fg, *bg, *temp, revfg, revbg, truefg, truebg;
    XRenderColor colfg, colbg;
    XRectangle r;

    /* Fallback on color display for attributes not supported by the font */
    if (base.mode & ATTR_ITALIC && base.mode & ATTR_BOLD) {
        if (dc.ibfont.badslant || dc.ibfont.badweight)
            base.fg = defaultattr;
    } else if ((base.mode & ATTR_ITALIC && dc.ifont.badslant) ||
        (base.mode & ATTR_BOLD && dc.bfont.badweight)) {
        base.fg = defaultattr;
    }

    if (IS_TRUECOL(base.fg)) {
        colfg.alpha = 0xffff;
        colfg.red = TRUERED(base.fg);
        colfg.green = TRUEGREEN(base.fg);
        colfg.blue = TRUEBLUE(base.fg);
        XftColorAllocValue(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, &colfg, &truefg);
        fg = &truefg;
    } else {
        fg = &dc.col[base.fg];
    }

    if (IS_TRUECOL(base.bg)) {
        colbg.alpha = 0xffff;
        colbg.green = TRUEGREEN(base.bg);
        colbg.red = TRUERED(base.bg);
        colbg.blue = TRUEBLUE(base.bg);
        XftColorAllocValue(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, &colbg, &truebg);
        bg = &truebg;
    } else {
        bg = &dc.col[base.bg];
    }

    /* Change basic system colors [0-7] to bright system colors [8-15] */
    if ((base.mode & ATTR_BOLD_FAINT) == ATTR_BOLD && BETWEEN(base.fg, 0, 7))
        fg = &dc.col[base.fg + 8];

    if (IS_SET(MODE_REVERSE)) {
        if (fg == &dc.col[defaultfg]) {
            fg = &dc.col[defaultbg];
        } else {
            colfg.red = ~fg->color.red;
            colfg.green = ~fg->color.green;
            colfg.blue = ~fg->color.blue;
            colfg.alpha = fg->color.alpha;
            XftColorAllocValue(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, &colfg,
                    &revfg);
            fg = &revfg;
        }

        if (bg == &dc.col[defaultbg]) {
            bg = &dc.col[defaultfg];
        } else {
            colbg.red = ~bg->color.red;
            colbg.green = ~bg->color.green;
            colbg.blue = ~bg->color.blue;
            colbg.alpha = bg->color.alpha;
            XftColorAllocValue(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, &colbg,
                    &revbg);
            bg = &revbg;
        }
    }

    if ((base.mode & ATTR_BOLD_FAINT) == ATTR_FAINT) {
        colfg.red = fg->color.red / 2;
        colfg.green = fg->color.green / 2;
        colfg.blue = fg->color.blue / 2;
        colfg.alpha = fg->color.alpha;
        XftColorAllocValue(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, &colfg, &revfg);
        fg = &revfg;
    }

    if (base.mode & ATTR_REVERSE) {
        temp = fg;
        fg = bg;
        bg = temp;
    }

    if (base.mode & ATTR_BLINK && win.mode & MODE_BLINK)
        fg = bg;

    if (base.mode & ATTR_INVISIBLE)
        fg = bg;

    /* Intelligent cleaning up of the borders. */
    if (x == 0) {
        xclear(0, (y == 0)? 0 : winy, win.vborderpx,
            winy + win.ch +
            ((winy + win.ch >= win.vborderpx + win.th)? win.h : 0));
    }
    if (winx + width >= win.hborderpx + win.tw) {
        xclear(winx + width, (y == 0)? 0 : winy, win.w,
            ((winy + win.ch >= win.vborderpx + win.th)? win.h : (winy + win.ch)));
    }
    if (y == 0)
        xclear(winx, 0, winx + width, win.hborderpx);
    if (winy + win.ch >= win.vborderpx + win.th)
        xclear(winx, winy + win.ch, winx + width, win.h);

    /* Clean up the region we want to draw to. */
    XftDrawRect(xw.draw, bg, winx, winy, width, win.ch);

    /* Set the clip region because Xft is sometimes dirty. */
    r.x = 0;
    r.y = 0;
    r.height = win.ch;
    r.width = width;
    XftDrawSetClipRectangles(xw.draw, winx, winy, &r, 1);

    /* Render the glyphs. */
    XftDrawGlyphFontSpec(xw.draw, fg, specs, len);

    /* Render underline and strikethrough. */
    if (base.mode & ATTR_UNDERLINE) {
        XftDrawRect(xw.draw, fg, winx, winy + dc.font.ascent * chscale + 1,
                width, 1);
    }

    if (base.mode & ATTR_STRUCK) {
        XftDrawRect(xw.draw, fg, winx, winy + 2 * dc.font.ascent * chscale / 3,
                width, 1);
    }

    /* Reset clip to none. */
    XftDrawSetClip(xw.draw, 0);
}

void
xdrawglyph(Glyph g, int x, int y)
{
    int numspecs;
    XftGlyphFontSpec spec;

    numspecs = xmakeglyphfontspecs(&spec, &g, 1, x, y);
    xdrawglyphfontspecs(&spec, g, numspecs, x, y);
}

void
xdrawcursor(int cx, int cy, Glyph g, int ox, int oy, Glyph og, Line line, int len)
{
    Color drawcol;

    /* remove the old cursor */
    if (selected(ox, oy))
        og.mode ^= ATTR_REVERSE;

    /* Redraw the line where cursor was previously.
     * It will restore the ligatures broken by the cursor. */
    xdrawline(line, 0, oy, len);

    if (IS_SET(MODE_HIDE))
        return;

    /*
     * Select the right color for the right mode.
     */
    g.mode &= ATTR_BOLD|ATTR_ITALIC|ATTR_UNDERLINE|ATTR_STRUCK|ATTR_WIDE;

    if (IS_SET(MODE_REVERSE)) {
        g.mode |= ATTR_REVERSE;
        g.bg = defaultfg;
        if (selected(cx, cy)) {
            drawcol = dc.col[defaultcs];
            g.fg = defaultrcs;
        } else {
            drawcol = dc.col[defaultrcs];
            g.fg = defaultcs;
        }
    } else {
        if (selected(cx, cy)) {
            g.fg = defaultfg;
            g.bg = defaultrcs;
        } else {
            g.fg = defaultbg;
            g.bg = defaultcs;
        }
        drawcol = dc.col[g.bg];
    }

    /* draw the new one */
    if (IS_SET(MODE_FOCUSED)) {
        switch (win.cursor) {
        case 7: /* st extension */
            g.u = 0x2603; /* snowman (U+2603) */
            /* FALLTHROUGH */
        case 0: /* Blinking Block */
        case 1: /* Blinking Block (Default) */
        case 2: /* Steady Block */
            xdrawglyph(g, cx, cy);
            break;
        case 3: /* Blinking Underline */
        case 4: /* Steady Underline */
            XftDrawRect(xw.draw, &drawcol,
                    win.hborderpx + cx * win.cw,
                    win.vborderpx + (cy + 1) * win.ch - \
                        cursorthickness,
                    win.cw, cursorthickness);
            break;
        case 5: /* Blinking bar */
        case 6: /* Steady bar */
            XftDrawRect(xw.draw, &drawcol,
                    win.hborderpx + cx * win.cw,
                    win.vborderpx + cy * win.ch,
                    cursorthickness, win.ch);
            break;
        }
    } else {
        XftDrawRect(xw.draw, &drawcol,
                win.hborderpx + cx * win.cw,
                win.vborderpx + cy * win.ch,
                win.cw - 1, 1);
        XftDrawRect(xw.draw, &drawcol,
                win.hborderpx + cx * win.cw,
                win.vborderpx + cy * win.ch,
                1, win.ch - 1);
        XftDrawRect(xw.draw, &drawcol,
                win.hborderpx + (cx + 1) * win.cw - 1,
                win.vborderpx + cy * win.ch,
                1, win.ch - 1);
        XftDrawRect(xw.draw, &drawcol,
                win.hborderpx + cx * win.cw,
                win.vborderpx + (cy + 1) * win.ch - 1,
                win.cw, 1);
    }
}

void
xsetenv(void)
{
    char buf[sizeof(long) * 8 + 1];

    snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%lu", xw.win);
    setenv("WINDOWID", buf, 1);
}

void
xseticontitle(char *p)
{
    XTextProperty prop;
    DEFAULT(p, opt_title);

    if (Xutf8TextListToTextProperty(xw.dpy, &p, 1, XUTF8StringStyle,
                                    &prop) != Success)
        return;
    XSetWMIconName(xw.dpy, xw.win, &prop);
    XSetTextProperty(xw.dpy, xw.win, &prop, xw.netwmiconname);
    XFree(prop.value);
}

void
xsettitle(char *p)
{
    XTextProperty prop;
    DEFAULT(p, opt_title);

    if (Xutf8TextListToTextProperty(xw.dpy, &p, 1, XUTF8StringStyle,
                                    &prop) != Success)
        return;
    XSetWMName(xw.dpy, xw.win, &prop);
    XSetTextProperty(xw.dpy, xw.win, &prop, xw.netwmname);
    XFree(prop.value);
}

int
xstartdraw(void)
{
    return IS_SET(MODE_VISIBLE);
}

void
xdrawline(Line line, int x1, int y1, int x2)
{
    int i, x, ox, numspecs;
    Glyph base, new;
    XftGlyphFontSpec *specs = xw.specbuf;

    numspecs = xmakeglyphfontspecs(specs, &line[x1], x2 - x1, x1, y1);
    i = ox = 0;
    for (x = x1; x < x2 && i < numspecs; x++) {
        new = line[x];
        if (new.mode == ATTR_WDUMMY)
            continue;
        if (selected(x, y1))
            new.mode ^= ATTR_REVERSE;
        if (i > 0 && ATTRCMP(base, new)) {
            xdrawglyphfontspecs(specs, base, i, ox, y1);
            specs += i;
            numspecs -= i;
            i = 0;
        }
        if (i == 0) {
            ox = x;
            base = new;
        }
        i++;
    }
    if (i > 0)
        xdrawglyphfontspecs(specs, base, i, ox, y1);
}

void
xfinishdraw(void)
{
    XCopyArea(xw.dpy, xw.buf, xw.win, dc.gc, 0, 0, win.w,
            win.h, 0, 0);
    XSetForeground(xw.dpy, dc.gc,
            dc.col[IS_SET(MODE_REVERSE)?
                defaultfg : defaultbg].pixel);
}

void
xximspot(int x, int y)
{
    if (xw.ime.xic == NULL)
        return;

    xw.ime.spot.x = win.hborderpx + x * win.cw;
    xw.ime.spot.y = win.vborderpx + (y + 1) * win.ch;

    XSetICValues(xw.ime.xic, XNPreeditAttributes, xw.ime.spotlist, NULL);
}

void
expose(XEvent *ev)
{
    redraw();
}

void
visibility(XEvent *ev)
{
    XVisibilityEvent *e = &ev->xvisibility;

    MODBIT(win.mode, e->state != VisibilityFullyObscured, MODE_VISIBLE);
}

void
unmap(XEvent *ev)
{
    win.mode &= ~MODE_VISIBLE;
}

void
xsetpointermotion(int set)
{
    MODBIT(xw.attrs.event_mask, set, PointerMotionMask);
    XChangeWindowAttributes(xw.dpy, xw.win, CWEventMask, &xw.attrs);
}

void
xsetmode(int set, unsigned int flags)
{
    int mode = win.mode;
    MODBIT(win.mode, set, flags);
    if ((win.mode & MODE_REVERSE) != (mode & MODE_REVERSE))
        redraw();
}

int
xsetcursor(int cursor)
{
    if (!BETWEEN(cursor, 0, 7)) /* 7: st extension */
        return 1;
    win.cursor = cursor;
    return 0;
}

void
xseturgency(int add)
{
    XWMHints *h = XGetWMHints(xw.dpy, xw.win);

    MODBIT(h->flags, add, XUrgencyHint);
    XSetWMHints(xw.dpy, xw.win, h);
    XFree(h);
}

void
xbell(void)
{
    if (!(IS_SET(MODE_FOCUSED)))
        xseturgency(1);
    if (bellvolume)
        XkbBell(xw.dpy, xw.win, bellvolume, (Atom)NULL);
}

void
focus(XEvent *ev)
{
    XFocusChangeEvent *e = &ev->xfocus;

    if (e->mode == NotifyGrab)
        return;

    if (ev->type == FocusIn) {
        if (xw.ime.xic)
            XSetICFocus(xw.ime.xic);
        win.mode |= MODE_FOCUSED;
        xseturgency(0);
        if (IS_SET(MODE_FOCUS))
            ttywrite("\033[I", 3, 0);
    } else {
        if (xw.ime.xic)
            XUnsetICFocus(xw.ime.xic);
        win.mode &= ~MODE_FOCUSED;
        if (IS_SET(MODE_FOCUS))
            ttywrite("\033[O", 3, 0);
    }
}

int
match(uint mask, uint state)
{
    return mask == XK_ANY_MOD || mask == (state & ~ignoremod);
}

char*
kmap(KeySym k, uint state)
{
    Key *kp;
    int i;

    /* Check for mapped keys out of X11 function keys. */
    for (i = 0; i < LEN(mappedkeys); i++) {
        if (mappedkeys[i] == k)
            break;
    }
    if (i == LEN(mappedkeys)) {
        if ((k & 0xFFFF) < 0xFD00)
            return NULL;
    }

    for (kp = key; kp < key + LEN(key); kp++) {
        if (kp->k != k)
            continue;

        if (!match(kp->mask, state))
            continue;

        if (IS_SET(MODE_APPKEYPAD) ? kp->appkey < 0 : kp->appkey > 0)
            continue;
        if (IS_SET(MODE_NUMLOCK) && kp->appkey == 2)
            continue;

        if (IS_SET(MODE_APPCURSOR) ? kp->appcursor < 0 : kp->appcursor > 0)
            continue;

        return kp->s;
    }

    return NULL;
}

void
kpress(XEvent *ev)
{
    XKeyEvent *e = &ev->xkey;
    KeySym ksym;
    char buf[64], *customkey;
    int len;
    Rune c;
    Status status;
    Shortcut *bp;

    if (IS_SET(MODE_KBDLOCK))
        return;

    if (xw.ime.xic)
        len = XmbLookupString(xw.ime.xic, e, buf, sizeof buf, &ksym, &status);
    else
        len = XLookupString(e, buf, sizeof buf, &ksym, NULL);
    /* 1. shortcuts */
    for (bp = shortcuts; bp < shortcuts + LEN(shortcuts); bp++) {
        if (ksym == bp->keysym && match(bp->mod, e->state)) {
            bp->func(&(bp->arg));
            return;
        }
    }

    /* 2. custom keys from config.h */
    if ((customkey = kmap(ksym, e->state))) {
        ttywrite(customkey, strlen(customkey), 1);
        return;
    }

    /* 3. composed string from input method */
    if (len == 0)
        return;
    if (len == 1 && e->state & Mod1Mask) {
        if (IS_SET(MODE_8BIT)) {
            if (*buf < 0177) {
                c = *buf | 0x80;
                len = utf8encode(c, buf);
            }
        } else {
            buf[1] = buf[0];
            buf[0] = '\033';
            len = 2;
        }
    }
    ttywrite(buf, len, 1);
}

void
cmessage(XEvent *e)
{
    /*
     * See xembed specs
     *  http://standards.freedesktop.org/xembed-spec/xembed-spec-latest.html
     */
    if (e->xclient.message_type == xw.xembed && e->xclient.format == 32) {
        if (e->xclient.data.l[1] == XEMBED_FOCUS_IN) {
            win.mode |= MODE_FOCUSED;
            xseturgency(0);
        } else if (e->xclient.data.l[1] == XEMBED_FOCUS_OUT) {
            win.mode &= ~MODE_FOCUSED;
        }
    } else if (e->xclient.data.l[0] == xw.wmdeletewin) {
        ttyhangup();
        exit(0);
    }
}

void
resize(XEvent *e)
{
    if (e->xconfigure.width == win.w && e->xconfigure.height == win.h)
        return;

    cresize(e->xconfigure.width, e->xconfigure.height);
}

void
run(void)
{
    XEvent ev;
    int w = win.w, h = win.h;
    fd_set rfd;
    int xfd = XConnectionNumber(xw.dpy), ttyfd, xev, drawing;
    struct timespec seltv, *tv, now, lastblink, trigger;
    double timeout;

    /* Waiting for window mapping */
    do {
        XNextEvent(xw.dpy, &ev);
        /*
         * This XFilterEvent call is required because of XOpenIM. It
         * does filter out the key event and some client message for
         * the input method too.
         */
        if (XFilterEvent(&ev, None))
            continue;
        if (ev.type == ConfigureNotify) {
            w = ev.xconfigure.width;
            h = ev.xconfigure.height;
        }
    } while (ev.type != MapNotify);

    ttyfd = ttynew(opt_line, shell, opt_io, opt_cmd);
    cresize(w, h);

    for (timeout = -1, drawing = 0, lastblink = (struct timespec){0};;) {
        FD_ZERO(&rfd);
        FD_SET(ttyfd, &rfd);
        FD_SET(xfd, &rfd);

        if (XPending(xw.dpy))
            timeout = 0;  /* existing events might not set xfd */

        seltv.tv_sec = timeout / 1E3;
        seltv.tv_nsec = 1E6 * (timeout - 1E3 * seltv.tv_sec);
        tv = timeout >= 0 ? &seltv : NULL;

        if (pselect(MAX(xfd, ttyfd)+1, &rfd, NULL, NULL, tv, NULL) < 0) {
            if (errno == EINTR)
                continue;
            die("select failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
        }
        clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);

        if (FD_ISSET(ttyfd, &rfd))
            ttyread();

        xev = 0;
        while (XPending(xw.dpy)) {
            xev = 1;
            XNextEvent(xw.dpy, &ev);
            if (XFilterEvent(&ev, None))
                continue;
            if (handler[ev.type])
                (handler[ev.type])(&ev);
        }

        /*
         * To reduce flicker and tearing, when new content or event
         * triggers drawing, we first wait a bit to ensure we got
         * everything, and if nothing new arrives - we draw.
         * We start with trying to wait minlatency ms. If more content
         * arrives sooner, we retry with shorter and shorter periods,
         * and eventually draw even without idle after maxlatency ms.
         * Typically this results in low latency while interacting,
         * maximum latency intervals during `cat huge.txt`, and perfect
         * sync with periodic updates from animations/key-repeats/etc.
         */
        if (FD_ISSET(ttyfd, &rfd) || xev) {
            if (!drawing) {
                trigger = now;
                drawing = 1;
            }
            timeout = (maxlatency - TIMEDIFF(now, trigger)) \
                      / maxlatency * minlatency;
            if (timeout > 0)
                continue;  /* we have time, try to find idle */
        }

        /* idle detected or maxlatency exhausted -> draw */
        timeout = -1;
        if (blinktimeout && tattrset(ATTR_BLINK)) {
            timeout = blinktimeout - TIMEDIFF(now, lastblink);
            if (timeout <= 0) {
                if (-timeout > blinktimeout) /* start visible */
                    win.mode |= MODE_BLINK;
                win.mode ^= MODE_BLINK;
                tsetdirtattr(ATTR_BLINK);
                lastblink = now;
                timeout = blinktimeout;
            }
        }

        draw();
        XFlush(xw.dpy);
        drawing = 0;
    }
}

void
usage(void)
{
    die("usage: %s [-aiv] [-c class] [-d path] [-f font]"
        " [-g geometry] [-n name] [-o file]\n"
        "          [-T title] [-t title] [-w windowid]"
        " [[-e] command [args ...]]\n"
        "       %s [-aiv] [-c class] [-d path] [-f font]"
        " [-g geometry] [-n name] [-o file]\n"
        "          [-T title] [-t title] [-w windowid] -l line"
        " [stty_args ...]\n", argv0, argv0);
}

int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    xw.l = xw.t = 0;
    xw.isfixed = False;
    xsetcursor(cursorshape);

    ARGBEGIN {
    case 'a':
        allowaltscreen = 0;
        break;
    case 'A':
        opt_alpha = EARGF(usage());
        break;
    case 'c':
        opt_class = EARGF(usage());
        break;
    case 'e':
        if (argc > 0)
            --argc, ++argv;
        goto run;
    case 'f':
        opt_font = EARGF(usage());
        break;
    case 'g':
        xw.gm = XParseGeometry(EARGF(usage()),
                &xw.l, &xw.t, &cols, &rows);
        break;
    case 'i':
        xw.isfixed = 1;
        break;
    case 'o':
        opt_io = EARGF(usage());
        break;
    case 'l':
        opt_line = EARGF(usage());
        break;
    case 'n':
        opt_name = EARGF(usage());
        break;
    case 't':
    case 'T':
        opt_title = EARGF(usage());
        break;
    case 'w':
        opt_embed = EARGF(usage());
        break;
    case 'v':
        die("%s " VERSION "\n", argv0);
        break;
    case 'd':
        opt_dir = EARGF(usage());
        break;
    default:
        usage();
    } ARGEND;

run:
    if (argc > 0) /* eat all remaining arguments */
        opt_cmd = argv;

    if (!opt_title)
        opt_title = (opt_line || !opt_cmd) ? "st" : opt_cmd[0];

    setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
    XSetLocaleModifiers("");
    cols = MAX(cols, 1);
    rows = MAX(rows, 1);
    tnew(cols, rows);
    xinit(cols, rows);
    xsetenv();
    selinit();
    chdir(opt_dir);
    run();

    return 0;
}