diff --git a/src/markers/utils.js b/src/markers/utils.js
index 4d01a35..f51bbb0 100644
--- a/src/markers/utils.js
+++ b/src/markers/utils.js
@@ -11,21 +11,11 @@ export const readUInt16LE = (array, offset) => {
 };
 
 export const readUInt32BE = (array, offset) => {
-  return (
-    (array[offset] << 24) |
-    (array[offset + 1] << 16) |
-    (array[offset + 2] << 8) |
-    array[offset + 3]
-  );
+  return readInt32BE(array, offset) >>> 0;
 };
 
 export const readUInt32LE = (array, offset) => {
-  return (
-    array[offset] |
-    (array[offset + 1] << 8) |
-    (array[offset + 2] << 16) |
-    (array[offset + 3] << 24)
-  );
+  return readInt32LE(array, offset) >>> 0;
 };
 
 export const uint8ArrayToHexString = (uint8Array) => {
@@ -55,9 +45,19 @@ export const concatenateUint8Arrays = (arrays) => {
 };
 
 export const readInt32BE = (array, offset) => {
-  return readUInt32BE(array, offset) | 0;
+  return (
+    (array[offset] << 24) |
+    (array[offset + 1] << 16) |
+    (array[offset + 2] << 8) |
+    array[offset + 3]
+  );
 };
 
 export const readInt32LE = (array, offset) => {
-  return readUInt32LE(array, offset) | 0;
+  return (
+    array[offset] |
+    (array[offset + 1] << 8) |
+    (array[offset + 2] << 16) |
+    (array[offset + 3] << 24)
+  );
 };
diff --git a/tests/__snapshots__/index.test.js.snap b/tests/__snapshots__/index.test.js.snap
index 07c5207..66563bc 100644
Binary files a/tests/__snapshots__/index.test.js.snap and b/tests/__snapshots__/index.test.js.snap differ
diff --git a/tests/utils.test.js b/tests/utils.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7812ae7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/utils.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+import { describe, it, expect } from "vitest";
+import {
+  readUInt8,
+  readUInt16BE,
+  readUInt16LE,
+  readUInt32BE,
+  readUInt32LE,
+  uint8ArrayToHexString, uint8ArrayToString, concatenateUint8Arrays, readInt32BE, readInt32LE
+} from "../src/markers/utils.js";
+
+describe("readUInt8", () => {
+  it("reads minimum 8-bit unsigned integer (0) correctly", () => {
+    const data = new Uint8Array([0]);
+    expect(readUInt8(data, 0)).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it("reads maximum 8-bit unsigned integer (0xff) correctly", () => {
+    const data = new Uint8Array([0xff]);
+    expect(readUInt8(data, 0)).toBe(255);
+  });
+
+  it("reads a non-zero value correctly", () => {
+    const data = new Uint8Array([0, 255]);
+    expect(readUInt8(data, 1)).toBe(255);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("readUInt16BE", () => {
+  it("reads minimum 16-bit unsigned integer (0) correctly", () => {
+    const data = new Uint8Array([0x00, 0x00]);
+    expect(readUInt16BE(data, 0)).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it("reads maximum 16-bit unsigned integer (0xffff) correctly", () => {
+    const data = new Uint8Array([0xff, 0xff]);
+    expect(readUInt16BE(data, 0)).toBe(65535);
+  });
+
+  it("reads 16-bit big-endian integer correctly", () => {
+    const data = new Uint8Array([0x12, 0x34]);
+    expect(readUInt16BE(data, 0)).toBe(0x1234);
+  });
+
+  it("reads with offset correctly", () => {
+    const data = new Uint8Array([0x00, 0x00, 0x12, 0x34]);
+    expect(readUInt16BE(data, 2)).toBe(0x1234);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("readUInt16LE", () => {
+  it("reads minimum 16-bit unsigned integer (0) correctly", () => {
+    const data = new Uint8Array([0x00, 0x00]);
+    expect(readUInt16LE(data, 0)).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it("reads maximum 16-bit unsigned integer (0xffff) correctly", () => {
+    const data = new Uint8Array([0xff, 0xff]);
+    expect(readUInt16LE(data, 0)).toBe(65535);
+  });
+
+  it("reads 16-bit little-endian integer correctly", () => {
+    const data = new Uint8Array([0x34, 0x12]);
+    expect(readUInt16LE(data, 0)).toBe(0x1234);
+  });
+
+  it("reads with offset correctly", () => {
+    const data = new Uint8Array([0x00, 0x00, 0x34, 0x12]);
+    expect(readUInt16LE(data, 2)).toBe(0x1234);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("readUInt32BE", () => {
+  it("reads minimum 32-bit unsigned integer (0) correctly", () => {
+    const data = new Uint8Array([0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]);
+    expect(readUInt32BE(data, 0)).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it("reads maximum 32-bit unsigned integer (0xffffffff) correctly", () => {
+    const data = new Uint8Array([0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff]);
+    expect(readUInt32BE(data, 0)).toBe(4294967295);
+  });
+
+  it("reads 32-bit big-endian integer correctly", () => {
+    const data = new Uint8Array([0x12, 0x34, 0x56, 0x78]);
+    expect(readUInt32BE(data, 0)).toBe(0x12345678);
+  });
+
+  it("reads with offset correctly", () => {
+    const data = new Uint8Array([0x00, 0x00, 0x12, 0x34, 0x56, 0x78]);
+    expect(readUInt32BE(data, 2)).toBe(0x12345678);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("readUInt32LE", () => {
+  it("reads minimum 32-bit unsigned integer (0) correctly", () => {
+    const data = new Uint8Array([0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]);
+    expect(readUInt32LE(data, 0)).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it("reads maximum 32-bit unsigned integer (0xffffffff) correctly", () => {
+    const data = new Uint8Array([0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff]);
+    expect(readUInt32LE(data, 0)).toBe(4294967295);
+  });
+
+  it("reads 32-bit little-endian integer correctly", () => {
+    const data = new Uint8Array([0x78, 0x56, 0x34, 0x12]);
+    expect(readUInt32LE(data, 0)).toBe(0x12345678);
+  });
+
+  it("reads with offset correctly", () => {
+    const data = new Uint8Array([0x00, 0x00, 0x78, 0x56, 0x34, 0x12]);
+    expect(readUInt32LE(data, 2)).toBe(0x12345678);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("uint8ArrayToHexString", () => {
+  it("converts uint8Array to hex string correctly", () => {
+    const data = new Uint8Array([0x12, 0x34, 0x56]);
+    expect(uint8ArrayToHexString(data)).toBe("123456");
+  });
+});
+
+describe("uint8ArrayToString", () => {
+  it("converts uint8Array to string correctly", () => {
+    const data = new Uint8Array([72, 101, 108, 108, 111]);
+    expect(uint8ArrayToString(data)).toBe("Hello");
+  });
+});
+
+describe("concatenateUint8Arrays", () => {
+  it("concatenates multiple Uint8Arrays correctly", () => {
+    const array1 = new Uint8Array([1, 2]);
+    const array2 = new Uint8Array([3, 4]);
+    const array3 = new Uint8Array([5, 6]);
+    expect(concatenateUint8Arrays([array1, array2, array3])).toEqual(
+      new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])
+    );
+  });
+});
+
+describe("readInt32BE", () => {
+  it("reads minimum 32-bit signed integer (-2147483648) correctly", () => {
+    const data = new Uint8Array([0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]);
+    expect(readInt32BE(data, 0)).toBe(-2147483648);
+  });
+
+  it("reads maximum 32-bit signed integer (2147483647) correctly", () => {
+    const data = new Uint8Array([0x7f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff]);
+    expect(readInt32BE(data, 0)).toBe(2147483647);
+  });
+
+  it("reads 32-bit signed big-endian integer correctly", () => {
+    const data = new Uint8Array([0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF]);
+    expect(readInt32BE(data, 0)).toBe(-1);
+  });
+
+  it("reads positive 32-bit signed big-endian integer correctly", () => {
+    const data = new Uint8Array([0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01]);
+    expect(readInt32BE(data, 0)).toBe(1);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("readInt32LE", () => {
+  it("reads minimum 32-bit signed integer (-2147483648) correctly", () => {
+    const data = new Uint8Array([0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80]);
+    expect(readInt32LE(data, 0)).toBe(-2147483648);
+  });
+
+  it("reads maximum 32-bit signed integer (2147483647) correctly", () => {
+    const data = new Uint8Array([0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x7f]);
+    expect(readInt32LE(data, 0)).toBe(2147483647);
+  });
+
+  it("reads 32-bit signed little-endian integer correctly", () => {
+    const data = new Uint8Array([0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF]);
+    expect(readInt32LE(data, 0)).toBe(-1);
+  });
+
+  it("reads positive 32-bit signed little-endian integer correctly", () => {
+    const data = new Uint8Array([0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]);
+    expect(readInt32LE(data, 0)).toBe(1);
+  });
+});