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<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Across U.S. Companies, Tax Rates Vary Greatly - Interactive Feature - NYTimes.com</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
</head>
<body id="interactiveABC" class="interactiveABC">
<a name="top"></a>
<div id="shell">
<ul id="memberTools">
<style>
body {
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
.NYT5Style .masthead-tools #bar1-button {
display: inline;
vertical-align: top;
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position: relative;
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-moz-box-sizing: border-box;
background-color: #6288A5;
border: 1px solid #4D7B9F;
border-radius: 3px;
color: #fff !important;
display: inline-block;
font-size: 1em;
font-weight: bold;
font-family: nyt-franklin,nyt-franklin-1,'Helvetica Neue',Arial,sans-serif;
padding: 7px 10px 6px;
text-transform: uppercase;
text-decoration: none;
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background-color: #326891;
border: 1px solid #265E8B;
text-decoration: none;
}
/* EXCLUDING NYT4 INTERACTIVES */
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display: none;
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</ul>
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padding-top: 12px;
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margin: auto;
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font-size: 28px;
margin: 1em auto .3em auto;
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.g-annotation b,
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<div class="g-content">
<div class="g-annotations">
<div class="g-annotations-overall">
<div class="g-annotation" style="left:100px;">
<div class="g-arrows">
<div class="g-arrow g-arrow-vertical" style="left:50%;height:90px;"></div>
<div class="g-arrow g-arrow-horizontal" style="left:10%;width:80%;bottom:95px;"></div>
</div>
每7家公司中就有一家的有效税率低于10％，其中<b>Amazon</b>6％，<b>Verizon</b>9％。九家公司根本没有缴税
</div>
<div class="g-annotation" style="left:260px;">
<div class="g-arrows">
<div class="g-arrow g-arrow-vertical" style="left:17px;height:153px;"></div>
</div>
每个圆圈代表一家公司，按市值计算。最大的是<b>Apple</b>，超过4000亿美元，有效税率为14％
</div>
<div class="g-annotation" style="left:440px;">
将所有的收入和税收结合起来。标准普尔500的公司的实际税率为29.1%。但不同行业的税率差别很大
<button class="g-button" data-view="sector" style="margin-top:20px;">行业展示</button>
</div>
<div class="g-annotation" style="left:600px;">
<div class="g-arrows">
<div class="g-arrow g-arrow-vertical" style="bottom:55px;left:-50px;height:20px;"></div>
<div class="g-arrow g-arrow-vertical" style="bottom:55px;left:-14px;height:23px;"></div>
<div class="g-arrow g-arrow-vertical" style="bottom:55px;left:215px;height:46px;"></div>
<div class="g-arrow g-arrow-horizontal" style="bottom:54px;left:-50px;width:266px;"></div>
<div class="g-arrow g-arrow-vertical" style="left:50%;height:49px;"></div>
</div>
三大能源公司支付绝对最高的税收：埃克森美孚1460亿美元;雪佛龙850亿美元;和康菲石油公司58亿美元
</div>
<div class="g-annotation" style="left:780px;">
<div class="g-arrows">
<div class="g-arrow g-arrow-vertical" style="left:92px;height:87px;"></div>
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有几十家公司的有效的税率无法计算，因为他们在6年的时间里亏了钱。例如，aig损失了83亿美元，同时还支付了80亿美元的税款。这些公司仍被纳入总体税率计算中。
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="g-graphic">
<div class="g-search">
<input type="text" placeholder="Find a company or industry…">
<button style="display:none;" class="g-search-clear">X</button>
</div>
<div class="g-buttons">
<button class="g-button g-active" data-view="overall">总体视图</button>
<button class="g-button" data-view="sector">根据行业划分</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="g-sector-notes"></div>
<div class="g-tip" style="width:150px;height:80px;display:none;">
<div class="g-tip-shadow"></div>
<svg class="g-tip-box" width="150" height="87">
<path transform="translate(75,91)" d="M0.5,-6.5l5,-5H74.5v-79H-74.5v79H-5Z"></path>
</svg>
<div class="g-tip-content">
<div class="g-tip-title">Apple</div>
<div class="g-tip-metric" data-name="rate">
<span class="g-tip-metric-name">有效税率</span>
<span class="g-tip-metric-value">14%</span>
</div>
<div class="g-tip-metric" data-name="taxes">
<span class="g-tip-metric-name">已交税金</span>
<span class="g-tip-metric-value">$4.3B</span>
</div>
<div class="g-tip-metric" data-name="earnings">
<span class="g-tip-metric-name">收入</span>
<span class="g-tip-metric-value">$16.2B</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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// 原图地址：https://codepen.io/ANTINEA/pen/gwbRrd
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.attr('class', 'g-title')
.attr('y', -9)
.style('text-anchor', 'end')
titleX.append('tspan')
.attr('x', -20)
.style('font-weight', 'bold')
.text('有效税率')
titleX.append('tspan')
.attr('x', -20)
.attr('dy', '1em')
.text('2007-12')
/** -------------------------------------------------**/
d3.tsv("companies.tsv", type, function(error, companies) {
console.log('--------', companies)
// 根据行业进行分区, 一共12个行业
/**
[
{
key: 'Pharma',
values: [...],
rate: 0.123..
},
]
*/
const sectors = d3.nest()
.key(d => d.sector)
.entries(companies)
// 计算所有数据的平均税率
const overallRate = rate(d3.sum(companies, taxes), d3.sum(companies, earnings))
// 计算整个行业的平均税率 taxes / earnings (税收 / 收入)
sectors.forEach(d => {
d.rate = rate(d3.sum(d.values, taxes), d3.sum(d.values, earnings))
})
// 根据每个行业的税率做一个升序
sectors.sort((a, b) => a.rate - b.rate)
console.log('-----sectors', sectors)
// 计算每一个公司的税率
companies.forEach(d => {
d.rate = rate(d.taxes, d.earnings)
})
height = 120 * sectors.length
y.domain(sectors.map(d => d.key))
.rangePoints([10, height], 1)
// x轴, 12个x轴, 根据行业划分的时候预览
svg.append("g")
.attr("class", "g-y g-axis g-y-axis-sector")
.attr("transform", `translate(-${tickExtension}, 0)`)
.call(yAxis.scale(y)) // 生成y轴
.call(yAxisWrap)
.style("stroke-opacity", 0)
.style("fill-opacity", 0)
.selectAll(".tick text,.tick tspan")
.attr("x", -95)
.style("text-anchor", "start")
// 总体视图的时候展示的x轴
svg.append("g")
.attr("class", "g-y g-axis g-y-axis-overall")
.attr("transform", `translate(-${tickExtension}, 0)`)
.call(yAxis.scale(y0))
.call(yAxisWrap) // 为了将过长的text切成两个tspan, call的时候会将当前g传入
// 有多少公司就有多少clipPath(剪切路径，超出部分不显示)
const companyClip = svg.append("defs").selectAll("clipPath")
.data(companies)
.enter().append("clipPath")
.attr("id", (d, i) => "g-clip-company-" + i)
.append("circle")
.attr("cx", d => d.cx)
.attr("cy", d => d.cy - y0(nameAll))
.attr("r", d => r(d.capitalization) + 20)
// 泰森多边形, 感觉将这个节点删除有没问题啊
const gVoronoi = svg.append("g")
.attr("class", "g-voronoi")
// 没看懂这里
gVoronoi.selectAll("path")
.data(companies)
.enter().append("path")
.attr("clip-path", (d, i) => `url(#g-clip-company-${i})`)
.on("mouseover", mouseover)
.on("mouseout", mouseout)
gVoronoi.call(updateVoronoi,
function(d) { return d.cx; },
function(d) { return d.cy + y0(nameAll); },
420);
/** 12组行业的circle ------------------------------------------- **/
// 这里好像也是12组小图的逻辑
const sector = svg.append("g")
.attr("class", "g-sector")
.selectAll("g")
.data(sectors)
.enter().append("g")
.attr("transform", d => `translate(0, ${y(d.key)})`)
// 12个行业sector中插入对应公司的circle
const sectorCompany = sector.append("g")
.attr("class", "g-sector-company")
.selectAll("circle")
.data(d => d.values)
.enter().append("circle")
.attr("cx", d => d.cx)
.attr("cy", d => d.cy - y(d.sector) + y0(nameAll))
.attr("r", d => r(d.capitalization))
.style("fill", d => isNaN(d.rate) ? null : z(d.rate))
.on("mouseover", mouseover)
.on("mouseout", mouseout)
/** 12段行业描述 ------------------------------------------- **/
// 12段各行业的描述文本, 这里操作html节点
d3.select(".g-sector-notes")
.style("opacity", 0)
.style("display", "none")
.selectAll("div")
.data(sectors)
.enter().append("div")
.attr("class", "g-sector-note")
.style("top", d => y(d.key) + "px")
.html(d => sectorNoteByName[d.key])
/** 12个分视图的均值线 -------------------------------------- **/
// 在sector中插入代表平均值的竖线和数值
const sectorOverall = sector.append("g")
.attr("class", "g-overall")
.attr("transform", d => `translate(${x(d.rate)}, ${(y0(nameAll) - y(d.key))})`)
.style("stroke-opacity", 0)
.style("fill-opacity", 0)
sectorOverall.append("line")
// .attr("y1", -100)
// .attr("y2", +127)
const sectorOverallText = sectorOverall.append("text")
.attr("y", -106)
// 这里其实可以不要tspan， 直接用text就可以了
sectorOverallText.append("tspan")
.attr("x", 0)
.text(d => formatPercent(d.rate))
// 12行业的第一个额外增加一个文本描述overall
sectorOverallText.filter((d, i) => !i).append("tspan")
.attr("x", 0)
.attr("dy", "-11")
.style("font-size", "8px")
.text("OVERALL")
/** 总体视图的均值线 -------------------------------------- **/
const overall = svg.append("g")
.attr("class", "g-overall g-overall-all")
.attr("transform", `translate(${x(overallRate)}, ${y0(nameAll)})`)
overall.append("line")
.attr("y1", -100)
.attr("y2", +127)
const overallText = overall.append("text")
.attr("y", -106)
.style("font-weight", "bold")
overallText.append("tspan")
.attr("x", 0)
.style("font-size", "13px")
.text(formatTenthPercent(overallRate))
overallText.append("tspan")
.attr("x", 0)
.attr("dy", "-14")
.style("font-size", "8px")
.text("OVERALL")
/** -------------------------------------- **/
let currentView = "overall"
// 三个按钮绑定方法，用于两种视图切换
d3.selectAll(".g-content button[data-view]")
.datum(function(d) { return this.getAttribute("data-view") })
.on("click", transitionView)
// 监听输入
const searchInput = d3.select(".g-search input")
.on("keyup", keyuped)
// 输入清理
const searchClear = d3.select(".g-search .g-search-clear")
.on("click", function() {
searchInput.property("value", "").node().blur();
search();
})
var tip = d3.select(".g-tip");
var tipMetric = tip.selectAll(".g-tip-metric")
.datum(function() { return this.getAttribute("data-name"); });
d3.selectAll(".g-annotations b,.g-sector-notes b")
.datum(function() { return new RegExp("\\b" + d3.requote(this.textContent), "i"); })
.on("mouseover", mouseoverAnnotation)
.on("mouseout", mouseout);
// 键盘输入事件
function keyuped() {
// 27是ESC键
if (d3.event.keyCode === 27) {
this.value = ""
this.blur()
}
search(this.value.trim())
}
// 匹配元素, 然后添加 .g-match的class
// 如果只有一个匹配元素，则展示tooltip
function search(value) {
if (value) {
var re = new RegExp("\\b" + d3.requote(value), "i");
svg.classed("g-searching", true);
sectorCompany.classed("g-match", function(d) { return re.test(d.name) || re.test(d.sector) || (d.symbol && re.test(d.symbol)) || (d.alias && re.test(d.alias)); });
var matches = d3.selectAll(".g-match");
if (matches[0].length === 1) mouseover(matches.datum());
else mouseout();
searchClear.style("display", null);
} else {
mouseout();
svg.classed("g-searching", false);
sectorCompany.classed("g-match", false);
searchClear.style("display", "none");
}
}
// 这里void的作用立即执行后面的方法后统一返回undefined
function transitionView(view) {
if (currentView === view) view = view === "overall" ? "sector" : "overall";
d3.selectAll(".g-buttons button[data-view]").classed("g-active", function(v) { return v === view; })
switch (currentView = view) {
case "overall": return void transitionOverall();
case "sector": return void transitionSector();
}
}
// 视图切换成总视图
function transitionOverall() {
// gVoronoi.style("display", "none");
const transition = d3.transition()
.duration(750);
transition.select("svg")
.delay(720)
.attr("height", 420 + margin.top + margin.bottom)
.each("end", function() {
gVoronoi.call(updateVoronoi,
function(d) { return d.cx; },
function(d) { return d.cy + y0(nameAll); },
420);
});
transition.select(".g-annotations-overall")
.each("start", function() { this.style.display = "block"; })
.style("opacity", 1);
transition.select(".g-sector-notes")
.style("opacity", 0)
.each("end", function() { this.style.display = "none"; });
transition.selectAll(".g-y-axis-sector")
.style("stroke-opacity", 0)
.style("fill-opacity", 0);
transition.selectAll(".g-y-axis-overall")
.style("stroke-opacity", 1)
.style("fill-opacity", 1);
var transitionOverall = transition.select(".g-overall-all")
.delay(x(overallRate))
.style("stroke-opacity", 1)
.style("fill-opacity", 1);
transitionOverall.select("line")
.attr("y2", +127);
transitionOverall.select("text")
.attr("y", -106);
var transitionSectorOverall = transition.selectAll(".g-sector .g-overall")
.delay(function(d) { return x(d.rate); })
.attr("transform", function(d) { return "translate(" + x(d.rate) + "," + (y0(nameAll) - y(d.key)) + ")"; })
.style("stroke-opacity", 0)
.style("fill-opacity", 0);
transitionSectorOverall.select("line")
.attr("y1", -100)
.attr("y2", +127);
transitionSectorOverall.select("text")
.attr("y", -106);
transition.selectAll(".g-sector-company circle")
.delay(function(d) { return d.cx; })
.attr("cx", function(d) { return d.cx; })
.attr("cy", function(d) { return d.cy - y(d.sector) + y0(nameAll); });
}
// 视图切换成12个分视图
function transitionSector() {
// gVoronoi.style("display", "none");
var transition = d3.transition()
.duration(750);
transition.select("svg")
.attr("height", height + margin.top + margin.bottom)
.transition()
.delay(720)
.each("end", function() {
gVoronoi.call(updateVoronoi,
function(d) { return d.x; },
function(d) { return y(d.sector) + d.y; },
height);
});
transition.select(".g-annotations-overall")
.style("opacity", 0)
.each("end", function() { this.style.display = "none"; });
transition.select(".g-sector-notes")
.delay(250)
.each("start", function() { this.style.display = "block"; })
.style("opacity", 1);
transition.selectAll(".g-y-axis-sector,.g-sector-note")
.delay(250)
.style("stroke-opacity", 1)
.style("fill-opacity", 1);
transition.selectAll(".g-y-axis-overall")
.style("stroke-opacity", 0)
.style("fill-opacity", 0);
var transitionOverall = transition.select(".g-overall-all")
.delay(x(overallRate))
.style("stroke-opacity", 0)
.style("fill-opacity", 0);
transitionOverall.select("line")
.attr("y2", height - y0(nameAll));
var transitionSectorOverall = transition.selectAll(".g-sector .g-overall")
.delay(function(d) { return x(d.rate); })
.attr("transform", function(d) { return "translate(" + x(d.rate) + ",0)"; })
.style("stroke-opacity", 1)
.style("fill-opacity", 1);
transitionSectorOverall.select("line")
.attr("y1", -25)
.attr("y2", +25);
transitionSectorOverall.select("text")
.attr("y", -31);
transition.selectAll(".g-sector-company circle")
.delay(function(d) { return d.x; })
.attr("cx", function(d) { return d.x; })
.attr("cy", function(d) { return d.y; });
}
function updateVoronoi(gVoronoi, x, y, height) {
companyClip
.attr("cx", x)
.attr("cy", y);
gVoronoi
.style("display", null)
.selectAll("path")
.data(d3.geom.voronoi().x(x).y(y)(companies))
.attr("d", function(d) { return "M" + d.join("L") + "Z"; })
.datum(function(d) { return d.point; });
}
function mouseoverAnnotation(re) {
var matches = sectorCompany.filter(function(d) { return re.test(d.name) || re.test(d.alias); }).classed("g-active", true);
if (d3.sum(matches, function(d) { return d.length; }) === 1) mouseover(matches.datum());
else tip.style("display", "none");
}
function mouseover(d) {
sectorCompany.filter(function(c) { return c === d; }).classed("g-active", true);
var dx, dy;
if (currentView === "overall") dx = d.cx, dy = d.cy + y0(nameAll);
else dx = d.x, dy = d.y + y(d.sector);
dy -= 19, dx += 50; // margin fudge factors
tip.style("display", null)
.style("top", (dy - r(d.capitalization)) + "px")
.style("left", dx + "px");
tip.select(".g-tip-title")
.text(d.alias || d.name);
tipMetric.select(".g-tip-metric-value").text(function(name) {
switch (name) {
case "rate": return isNaN(d.rate) ? "N.A." : formatPercent(d.rate);
case "taxes": return formatDollars(d.taxes);
case "earnings": return formatDollars(d.earnings);
}
});
}
function mouseout() {
tip.style("display", "none");
sectorCompany.filter(".g-active").classed("g-active", false);
}
});
// 绘制底部图说明文字和图例等
function renderChartKey(g) {
const formatPercent = d3.format('.0%'),
formatNumber = d3.format('.0f')
// A position encoding for the key only.
const x = d3.scale.linear()
.domain([0, 0.6])
.range([0, 240])
const xAxis = d3.svg.axis()
.scale(x)
.orient('bottom')
.tickSize(13)
.tickValues(z.domain())
.tickFormat(d => d === 0.5 ? formatPercent(d) : formatNumber(100 * d))
g.append('text')
.attr('x', -25)
.style('text-anchor', 'end')