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1.`node-address` - An IP address of a peer on the network. The default port of nodes' JSON-RPC servers on Mainnet and Testnet is 7777
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2.`secret-key` - The file name containing the secret key of the account paying for the Deploy
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3.`chain-name` - The chain-name to the network where you wish to send the Deploy. For Mainnet, use *casper*. For Testnet, use *casper-test*
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4.`payment-amount` - The payment for the Deploy in motes. You must check the network's chainspec. For example, this entry point call needs 2,500,000,000 motes for node version [1.5.1](https://github.com/casper-network/casper-node/blob/release-1.5.1/resources/production/chainspec.toml)
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4.`payment-amount` - The payment for the Deploy in motes. You must check the network's chainspec. For example, this entry point call needs 2,500,000,000 motes for node version [1.5.8](https://github.com/casper-network/casper-node/blob/release-1.5.8/resources/production/chainspec.toml)
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5.`session-hash` - Hex-encoded hash of the stored auction contract, which depends on the network you are using. For Casper's Mainnet and Testnet, the hashes are:
Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: versioned_docs/version-2.0.0/operators/becoming-a-validator/bonding.md
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In the Testnet, era durations are approximately two hours. The entire process takes approximately 3 eras. Therefore, **the time for bid submission to inclusion in the validator set is a minimum of six hours**. Bonding requests (bids) are transactions like any other. Because they are generic transactions, they are more resistant to censorship.
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## Minimum Bid Amount
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There is a minimum defined bid amount in the `chainspec.toml`. This value is currently 100,000 CSPR as seen as the extract from `chainspec.toml` below.
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```toml
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# Minimum bid amount allowed in motes. Withdrawing one's bid to an amount strictly less than
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# the value specified will be treated as a full unbond of a validator and their associated delegators
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minimum_bid_amount = 100_000_000_000_000
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```
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## Method 1: Bonding with the System Auction Contract {#bonding-system-auction}
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This method submits a bid using the system auction contract. Call the existing `add_bid` entry point from the system auction contract. Using this method, you do not need to build any contracts, reducing costs and complexity.
1.`node-address` - An IP address of a peer on the network. The default port of nodes' JSON-RPC servers on Mainnet and Testnet is 7777
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2.`secret-key` - The file name containing the secret key of the account paying for the Deploy
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3.`chain-name` - The chain-name to the network where you wish to send the Deploy. For Mainnet, use *casper*. For Testnet, use *casper-test*
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4.`payment-amount` - The payment for the Deploy in motes. You must check the network's chainspec. For example, this entry point call needs 10,000 motes for node version [1.5.1](https://github.com/casper-network/casper-node/blob/release-1.5.1/resources/production/chainspec.toml)
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4.`payment-amount` - The payment for the Deploy in motes. You must check the network's chainspec. For example, this entry point call needs 2,500,000,000 motes for node version [1.5.8](https://github.com/casper-network/casper-node/blob/release-1.5.8/resources/production/chainspec.toml)
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5.`session-hash` - Hex-encoded hash of the stored auction contract, which depends on the network you are using. For Casper's Mainnet and Testnet, the hashes are:
Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: versioned_docs/version-2.0.0/operators/setup/basic-node-configuration.md
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### Networking and Gossiping {#networking--gossiping}
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The node requires a publicly accessible IP address. `node_util.py` allows IP for network address translation (NAT) setup.
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Specify the public IP address of the node with the `/etc/casper/node_util.py stage_protocols [config file] --ip 'my.ip.goes.here'`.
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This will use the IP given rather than query for the external IP automatically.
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The node requires a publicly accessible IP address. The `config_from_example.sh` and `node_util.py` both allow IP for network address translation (NAT) setup. Specify the public IP address of the node. If you use the `config_from_example.sh` external services are called to find your IP and this is inserted into the `config.toml` created.
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The following default values are specified in the file if you want to change them:
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- The port that will be used for status and transactions
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- The port used for networking
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- Known_addresses - these are the bootstrap nodes you will build peers from
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- Known_addresses - these are the bootstrap nodes (there is no need to change these)
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### Enabling Speculative Execution
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The `speculative_exec` endpoint provides a method to execute a transaction without committing its execution effects to global state. This can be used by developers to roughly estimate the gas costs of sending the transaction in question. By default, `speculative_exec` is disabled on a node.
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`speculative_exec` can be enabled within *config.toml* by changing `enable_server` to `true` under the configuration options for the speculative execution JSON-RPC HTTP server.
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Node operators may also change the incoming request port for speculative execution, which defaults to `7778`. Further, you can choose to alter the `qps_limit` and `max_body_bytes`, which limit the amount and size of requests to the speculative execution server.
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#### Example Config.toml configuration with speculative execution enabled
# Flag which enables the speculative execution JSON-RPC HTTP server.
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enable_server = true
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# Listening address for speculative execution JSON-RPC HTTP server. If the port
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# is set to 0, a random port will be used.
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#
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# If the specified port cannot be bound to, a random port will be tried instead.
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# If binding fails, the speculative execution JSON-RPC HTTP server will not run,
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# but the node will be otherwise unaffected.
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#
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# The actual bound address will be reported via a log line if logging is enabled.
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address = '0.0.0.0:7778'
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# The global max rate of requests (per second) before they are limited.
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# Request will be delayed to the next 1 second bucket once limited.
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qps_limit = 1
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# Maximum number of bytes to accept in a single request body.
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max_body_bytes = 2_621_440
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# Specifies which origin will be reported as allowed by speculative execution server.
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#
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# If left empty, CORS will be disabled.
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# If set to '*', any origin is allowed.
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# Otherwise, only a specified origin is allowed. The given string must conform to the [origin scheme](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Origin).
Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: versioned_docs/version-2.0.0/operators/setup/install-node.md
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This message is due to the default `openssl` moving to 3.* with Ubuntu 22.04. You need to install OpenSSL 1.* for prior versions of Ubuntu to use the Casper binaries with the following command:
Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: versioned_docs/version-2.0.0/operators/setup/node-endpoints.md
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## Setting up Firewall Rules
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To limit inbound traffic to the node’s endpoints, you can set firewall rules similar to the `ufw` commands below:
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To limit inbound traffic to the node’s endpoints, you can set firewall rules.
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```bash
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sudo apt install ufw -y
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sudo ufw disable
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sudo ufw reset
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sudo ufw default allow outgoing
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sudo ufw default deny incoming
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sudo ufw limit ssh
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sudo ufw limit 7777/tcp
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sudo ufw limit 8888/tcp
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sudo ufw limit 35000/tcp
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sudo ufw enable
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```
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These commands will limit requests to the available ports of your node. Port 35000 should be left open, although you can limit traffic, as it is crucial for node-to-node communication.
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If you have any concerns, questions, or issues, please [submit a request](https://support.casperlabs.io/hc/en-gb/requests/new) to the Casper support team.
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Two example files are available: [firewall.sh](https://genesis.casper.network/firewall.sh) and more restrictive [firewall_only_node_to_node.sh](https://genesis.casper.network/firewall_only_node_to_node.sh).
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Both of these include `8888` access from casper-network-monitor IP for tracking status of the network. More information is included in the comments of the files.
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## Restricting Access for Private Networks
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Any node can join Mainnet and Testnet and communicate with the nodes in the network. Private networks may wish to restrict access for new nodes joining the network as described [here](../setup-network/create-private.md#network-access-control).
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## Summary of Related Links
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Here is a summary of the links mentioned on this page:
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-[Confirming that the node is synchronized](./joining.md#step-7-confirm-the-node-is-synchronized)
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-[Monitoring and consuming events](../../developers/dapps/monitor-and-consume-events.md)
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