If you are getting into [cryptography](/cryptography/what-is-cryptography/), or just trying to understand the fundamentals, you may have noticed that the `exclusive or` (XOR) operation is used quite often, especially in ciphers. XOR is a simple bitwise operation that allows cryptographers to create strong encryption systems, and consequently is a fundamental building block of practically all modern ciphers. Let's dive into the details and see what makes XOR so important.
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