diff --git a/WORKSPACE b/WORKSPACE
index b111cf67e..6bf5d9ace 100644
--- a/WORKSPACE
+++ b/WORKSPACE
@@ -30,12 +30,14 @@ load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//:scala_config.bzl", "scala_config")
 
 scala_config(enable_compiler_dependency_tracking = True)
 
-load("//scala:scala.bzl", "scala_toolchains")
+load("//scala:toolchains.bzl", "scala_toolchains")
 
-scala_toolchains(fetch_sources = True)
+scala_toolchains(
+    fetch_sources = True,
+    testing = True,
+)
 
 register_toolchains(
-    "//testing:testing_toolchain",
     "//scala:unused_dependency_checker_error_toolchain",
     "//test/proto:scalapb_toolchain",
     "@io_bazel_rules_scala_toolchains//...:all",
@@ -69,14 +71,6 @@ load("//scala_proto:scala_proto.bzl", "scala_proto_repositories")
 
 scala_proto_repositories()
 
-load("//scalatest:scalatest.bzl", "scalatest_repositories")
-
-scalatest_repositories()
-
-load("//specs2:specs2_junit.bzl", "specs2_junit_repositories")
-
-specs2_junit_repositories()
-
 load("//scala/scalafmt:scalafmt_repositories.bzl", "scalafmt_default_config", "scalafmt_repositories")
 
 scalafmt_default_config()
diff --git a/docs/testing.md b/docs/testing.md
index e620a45b8..20a0909b7 100644
--- a/docs/testing.md
+++ b/docs/testing.md
@@ -31,7 +31,10 @@ Test framework dependencies are configured via testing toolchain. For convenienc
 `setup_scala_testing_toolchain` can be used to define such toolchains.
 
 ```starlark
-load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//scala:scala.bzl", "setup_scala_testing_toolchain")
+load(
+    "@io_bazel_rules_scala//testing:testing.bzl",
+    "setup_scala_testing_toolchain",
+)
 ```
 
 Attributes
@@ -53,7 +56,10 @@ Examples (assumes maven deps are managed with rules_jvm_external):
 
 ```starlark
 # BUILD
-load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//scala:scala.bzl", "setup_scala_testing_toolchain")
+load(
+    "@io_bazel_rules_scala//testing:testing.bzl",
+    "setup_scala_testing_toolchain",
+)
 
 setup_scala_testing_toolchain(
     name = "scalatest_toolchain",
@@ -77,7 +83,10 @@ register_toolchains('//:scalatest_toolchain')
 #### JUnit 4
 ```starlark
 # BUILD
-load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//scala:scala.bzl", "setup_scala_testing_toolchain")
+load(
+    "@io_bazel_rules_scala//testing:testing.bzl",
+    "setup_scala_testing_toolchain",
+)
 
 setup_scala_testing_toolchain(
     name = "junit_toolchain",
@@ -98,7 +107,10 @@ For Specs2 rules to work, `junit_classpath`, `specs2_junit_classpath` and `specs
 be configured.
 ```starlark
 # BUILD
-load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//scala:scala.bzl", "setup_scala_testing_toolchain")
+load(
+    "@io_bazel_rules_scala//testing:testing.bzl",
+    "setup_scala_testing_toolchain",
+)
 
 setup_scala_testing_toolchain(
     name = "specs2_toolchain",
@@ -122,4 +134,4 @@ Register the toolchain
 ```starlark
 # WORKSPACE
 register_toolchains('//:specs2_toolchain')
-```
\ No newline at end of file
+```
diff --git a/dt_patches/test_dt_patches/WORKSPACE b/dt_patches/test_dt_patches/WORKSPACE
index 7921dc838..a6e17702f 100644
--- a/dt_patches/test_dt_patches/WORKSPACE
+++ b/dt_patches/test_dt_patches/WORKSPACE
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ load("@compiler_sources//:extensions.bzl", "import_compiler_source_repos")
 
 import_compiler_source_repos()
 
-load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//scala:scala.bzl", "scala_toolchains")
+load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//scala:toolchains.bzl", "scala_toolchains")
 
 scala_toolchains(
     fetch_sources = True,
diff --git a/dt_patches/test_dt_patches_user_srcjar/WORKSPACE b/dt_patches/test_dt_patches_user_srcjar/WORKSPACE
index b98e2f99c..3576c9b90 100644
--- a/dt_patches/test_dt_patches_user_srcjar/WORKSPACE
+++ b/dt_patches/test_dt_patches_user_srcjar/WORKSPACE
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ srcjars_by_version = {
     },
 }
 
-load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//scala:scala.bzl", "scala_toolchains")
+load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//scala:toolchains.bzl", "scala_toolchains")
 
 scala_toolchains(
     fetch_sources = True,
diff --git a/examples/crossbuild/WORKSPACE b/examples/crossbuild/WORKSPACE
index 8cd4ef857..182bc8837 100644
--- a/examples/crossbuild/WORKSPACE
+++ b/examples/crossbuild/WORKSPACE
@@ -38,9 +38,9 @@ scala_config(
     ],
 )
 
-load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//scala:scala.bzl", "scala_toolchains")
+load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//scala:toolchains.bzl", "scala_toolchains")
 
-scala_toolchains()
+scala_toolchains(scalatest = True)
 
 register_toolchains("@io_bazel_rules_scala_toolchains//...:all")
 
@@ -59,9 +59,3 @@ rules_proto_toolchains()
 load("@com_google_protobuf//:protobuf_deps.bzl", "protobuf_deps")
 
 protobuf_deps()
-
-load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//testing:scalatest.bzl", "scalatest_repositories", "scalatest_toolchain")
-
-scalatest_repositories()
-
-scalatest_toolchain()
diff --git a/examples/scala3/WORKSPACE b/examples/scala3/WORKSPACE
index 72c37380c..aff2d2a5c 100644
--- a/examples/scala3/WORKSPACE
+++ b/examples/scala3/WORKSPACE
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//:scala_config.bzl", "scala_config")
 
 scala_config(scala_version = "3.6.2")
 
-load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//scala:scala.bzl", "scala_toolchains")
+load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//scala:toolchains.bzl", "scala_toolchains")
 
 scala_toolchains(fetch_sources = True)
 
diff --git a/examples/semanticdb/WORKSPACE b/examples/semanticdb/WORKSPACE
index 72ae37bd5..0e99dfe95 100644
--- a/examples/semanticdb/WORKSPACE
+++ b/examples/semanticdb/WORKSPACE
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//:scala_config.bzl", "scala_config")
 
 scala_config(scala_version = "2.13.15")
 
-load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//scala:scala.bzl", "scala_toolchains")
+load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//scala:toolchains.bzl", "scala_toolchains")
 
 scala_toolchains(fetch_sources = True)
 
diff --git a/examples/testing/multi_frameworks_toolchain/BUILD b/examples/testing/multi_frameworks_toolchain/BUILD
index d6d9a3ee0..27eedcf7e 100644
--- a/examples/testing/multi_frameworks_toolchain/BUILD
+++ b/examples/testing/multi_frameworks_toolchain/BUILD
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//scala:scala.bzl", "setup_scala_testing_toolchain")
-load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//scala:scala_cross_version.bzl", "version_suffix")
-load("@io_bazel_rules_scala_config//:config.bzl", "SCALA_VERSION")
+load(
+    "@io_bazel_rules_scala//testing:testing.bzl",
+    "setup_scala_testing_toolchain",
+)
 
 setup_scala_testing_toolchain(
     name = "testing_toolchain",
@@ -8,7 +9,7 @@ setup_scala_testing_toolchain(
         "@io_bazel_rules_scala_junit_junit",
         "@io_bazel_rules_scala_org_hamcrest_hamcrest_core",
     ],
-    scalatest_classpath = [dep + version_suffix(SCALA_VERSION) for dep in [
+    scalatest_classpath = [
         "@io_bazel_rules_scala_scalactic",
         "@io_bazel_rules_scala_scalatest",
         "@io_bazel_rules_scala_scalatest_compatible",
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ setup_scala_testing_toolchain(
         "@io_bazel_rules_scala_scalatest_matchers_core",
         "@io_bazel_rules_scala_scalatest_mustmatchers",
         "@io_bazel_rules_scala_scalatest_shouldmatchers",
-    ]],
+    ],
     specs2_classpath = [
         "@io_bazel_rules_scala_org_specs2_specs2_common",
         "@io_bazel_rules_scala_org_specs2_specs2_core",
diff --git a/examples/testing/multi_frameworks_toolchain/WORKSPACE b/examples/testing/multi_frameworks_toolchain/WORKSPACE
index 2712dfaea..631722cac 100644
--- a/examples/testing/multi_frameworks_toolchain/WORKSPACE
+++ b/examples/testing/multi_frameworks_toolchain/WORKSPACE
@@ -31,9 +31,12 @@ load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//:scala_config.bzl", "scala_config")
 
 scala_config()
 
-load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//scala:scala.bzl", "scala_toolchains")
+load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//scala:toolchains.bzl", "scala_toolchains")
 
-scala_toolchains(fetch_sources = True)
+scala_toolchains(
+    fetch_sources = True,
+    testing = True,
+)
 
 register_toolchains(
     ":testing_toolchain",
@@ -55,13 +58,3 @@ rules_proto_toolchains()
 load("@com_google_protobuf//:protobuf_deps.bzl", "protobuf_deps")
 
 protobuf_deps()
-
-load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//testing:scalatest.bzl", "scalatest_repositories")
-load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//testing:junit.bzl", "junit_repositories")
-load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//testing:specs2_junit.bzl", "specs2_junit_repositories")
-
-scalatest_repositories()
-
-junit_repositories()
-
-specs2_junit_repositories()
diff --git a/examples/testing/scalatest_repositories/WORKSPACE b/examples/testing/scalatest_repositories/WORKSPACE
index d74bf5eae..29b598730 100644
--- a/examples/testing/scalatest_repositories/WORKSPACE
+++ b/examples/testing/scalatest_repositories/WORKSPACE
@@ -31,9 +31,12 @@ load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//:scala_config.bzl", "scala_config")
 
 scala_config()
 
-load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//scala:scala.bzl", "scala_toolchains")
+load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//scala:toolchains.bzl", "scala_toolchains")
 
-scala_toolchains(fetch_sources = True)
+scala_toolchains(
+    fetch_sources = True,
+    scalatest = True,
+)
 
 register_toolchains("@io_bazel_rules_scala_toolchains//...:all")
 
@@ -52,9 +55,3 @@ rules_proto_toolchains()
 load("@com_google_protobuf//:protobuf_deps.bzl", "protobuf_deps")
 
 protobuf_deps()
-
-load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//testing:scalatest.bzl", "scalatest_repositories", "scalatest_toolchain")
-
-scalatest_repositories()
-
-scalatest_toolchain()
diff --git a/examples/testing/specs2_junit_repositories/WORKSPACE b/examples/testing/specs2_junit_repositories/WORKSPACE
index 6d5fb0649..5a1c4012c 100644
--- a/examples/testing/specs2_junit_repositories/WORKSPACE
+++ b/examples/testing/specs2_junit_repositories/WORKSPACE
@@ -31,9 +31,12 @@ load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//:scala_config.bzl", "scala_config")
 
 scala_config()
 
-load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//scala:scala.bzl", "scala_toolchains")
+load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//scala:toolchains.bzl", "scala_toolchains")
 
-scala_toolchains(fetch_sources = True)
+scala_toolchains(
+    fetch_sources = True,
+    specs2 = True,
+)
 
 register_toolchains("@io_bazel_rules_scala_toolchains//...:all")
 
@@ -52,9 +55,3 @@ rules_proto_toolchains()
 load("@com_google_protobuf//:protobuf_deps.bzl", "protobuf_deps")
 
 protobuf_deps()
-
-load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//testing:specs2_junit.bzl", "specs2_junit_repositories", "specs2_junit_toolchain")
-
-specs2_junit_repositories()
-
-specs2_junit_toolchain()
diff --git a/junit/junit.bzl b/junit/junit.bzl
index b712269cc..d3abd193e 100644
--- a/junit/junit.bzl
+++ b/junit/junit.bzl
@@ -4,14 +4,17 @@ load(
 )
 load("//third_party/repositories:repositories.bzl", "repositories")
 
+def junit_artifact_ids():
+    return [
+        "io_bazel_rules_scala_junit_junit",
+        "io_bazel_rules_scala_org_hamcrest_hamcrest_core",
+    ]
+
 def junit_repositories(
         maven_servers = _default_maven_server_urls(),
         fetch_sources = True):
     repositories(
-        for_artifact_ids = [
-            "io_bazel_rules_scala_junit_junit",
-            "io_bazel_rules_scala_org_hamcrest_hamcrest_core",
-        ],
+        for_artifact_ids = junit_artifact_ids(),
         fetch_sources = fetch_sources,
         maven_servers = maven_servers,
     )
diff --git a/scala/private/macros/toolchains.bzl b/scala/private/macros/toolchains.bzl
deleted file mode 100644
index 70a4c0959..000000000
--- a/scala/private/macros/toolchains.bzl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-"""Macro to instantiate @io_bazel_rules_scala_toolchains"""
-
-load(":macros/toolchains_repo.bzl", "scala_toolchains_repo")
-load("//scala/private:macros/scala_repositories.bzl", "scala_repositories")
-load("//scala:scala_cross_version.bzl", "default_maven_server_urls")
-
-def scala_toolchains(
-        maven_servers = default_maven_server_urls(),
-        overridden_artifacts = {},
-        load_rules_scala_dependencies = True,
-        load_scala_toolchain_dependencies = True,
-        fetch_sources = False,
-        validate_scala_version = True,
-        scala_compiler_srcjars = {}):
-    """Instantiates @io_bazel_rules_scala_toolchains and all its dependencies.
-
-    Provides a unified interface to configuring rules_scala both directly in a
-    `WORKSPACE` file and in a Bazel module extension.
-
-    Instantiates the `@io_bazel_rules_scala_toolchains` repository. Under
-    `WORKSPACE`, you will need to call `register_toolchains` at some point.
-    Under Bzlmod, rules_scala does this automatically.
-
-    ```starlark
-    register_toolchains("@io_bazel_rules_scala_toolchains//...:all")
-    ```
-
-    All arguments are optional.
-
-    Args:
-        maven_servers: Maven servers used to fetch dependency jar files
-        overridden_artifacts: specific dependency jar files to use instead of
-            those from `maven_servers`, in the format:
-            ```starlark
-            "repo_name": {
-                "artifact": "<maven coordinates>",
-                "sha256": "<checksum>",
-                "deps": [
-                    "repository_names_of_dependencies",
-                ],
-            }
-            ```
-        load_rules_scala_dependencies: whether load rules_scala repository
-            dependencies
-        load_scala_toolchain_dependencies: whether to load repository
-            dependencies of the core Scala language toolchain
-        fetch_sources: whether to download dependency source jars
-        validate_scala_version: whether to check if the configured Scala version
-            matches the default version supported by rules_scala
-        scala_compiler_srcjars: optional dictionary of Scala version string to
-            compiler srcjar metadata dictionaries containing:
-            - exactly one "label", "url", or "urls" key
-            - optional "integrity" or "sha256" keys
-    """
-    scala_repositories(
-        maven_servers = maven_servers,
-        # Note the internal macro parameter misspells "overriden".
-        overriden_artifacts = overridden_artifacts,
-        load_dep_rules = load_rules_scala_dependencies,
-        load_jar_deps = load_scala_toolchain_dependencies,
-        fetch_sources = fetch_sources,
-        validate_scala_version = validate_scala_version,
-        scala_compiler_srcjars = scala_compiler_srcjars,
-    )
-
-    scala_toolchains_repo()
diff --git a/scala/private/macros/toolchains_repo.bzl b/scala/private/macros/toolchains_repo.bzl
deleted file mode 100644
index 2ee1cb7df..000000000
--- a/scala/private/macros/toolchains_repo.bzl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,75 +0,0 @@
-"""Repository rule to instantiate @io_bazel_rules_scala_toolchains"""
-
-def _scala_toolchains_repo_impl(repository_ctx):
-    repo_attr = repository_ctx.attr
-    format_args = {
-        "rules_scala_repo": Label("//:all").repo_name,
-    }
-    toolchains = {}
-
-    if repo_attr.scala:
-        toolchains["scala"] = _SCALA_TOOLCHAIN_BUILD
-
-    if len(toolchains) == 0:
-        fail("no toolchains specified")
-
-    for pkg, build in toolchains.items():
-        repository_ctx.file(
-            pkg + "/BUILD",
-            content = build.format(**format_args),
-            executable = False,
-        )
-
-_scala_toolchains_repo = repository_rule(
-    implementation = _scala_toolchains_repo_impl,
-    attrs = {
-        "scala": attr.bool(default = True),
-    },
-)
-
-def scala_toolchains_repo(name = "io_bazel_rules_scala_toolchains", **kwargs):
-    _scala_toolchains_repo(
-        name = name,
-        **kwargs
-    )
-
-_SCALA_TOOLCHAIN_BUILD = """
-load(
-    "@@{rules_scala_repo}//scala/private:macros/setup_scala_toolchain.bzl",
-    "default_deps",
-    "setup_scala_toolchain",
-)
-load("@@{rules_scala_repo}//scala:providers.bzl", "declare_deps_provider")
-load("@@{rules_scala_repo}//scala:scala_cross_version.bzl", "version_suffix")
-load(
-    "@io_bazel_rules_scala_config//:config.bzl",
-    "SCALA_VERSION",
-    "SCALA_VERSIONS",
-)
-
-[
-    setup_scala_toolchain(
-        name = "toolchain" + version_suffix(scala_version),
-        scala_version = scala_version,
-        use_argument_file_in_runner = True,
-    )
-    for scala_version in SCALA_VERSIONS
-]
-
-[
-    declare_deps_provider(
-        name = deps_id + "_provider",
-        deps_id = deps_id,
-        visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
-        deps = default_deps(deps_id, SCALA_VERSION),
-    )
-    for deps_id in [
-        "scala_xml",
-        "parser_combinators",
-        "scala_compile_classpath",
-        "scala_library_classpath",
-        "scala_macro_classpath",
-        "semanticdb",
-    ]
-]
-"""
diff --git a/scala/private/rules/scala_junit_test.bzl b/scala/private/rules/scala_junit_test.bzl
index 9e01df5c8..c3fbc9aa2 100644
--- a/scala/private/rules/scala_junit_test.bzl
+++ b/scala/private/rules/scala_junit_test.bzl
@@ -2,15 +2,15 @@
 
 load("@bazel_skylib//lib:dicts.bzl", _dicts = "dicts")
 load(
-    "@io_bazel_rules_scala//scala/private:common_attributes.bzl",
+    "//scala/private:common_attributes.bzl",
     "common_attrs",
     "implicit_deps",
     "launcher_template",
 )
-load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//scala/private:common_outputs.bzl", "common_outputs")
-load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//scala:scala_cross_version.bzl", "scala_version_transition", "toolchain_transition_attr")
+load("//scala/private:common_outputs.bzl", "common_outputs")
+load("//scala:scala_cross_version.bzl", "scala_version_transition", "toolchain_transition_attr")
 load(
-    "@io_bazel_rules_scala//scala/private:phases/phases.bzl",
+    "//scala/private:phases/phases.bzl",
     "extras_phases",
     "phase_collect_jars_junit_test",
     "phase_compile_junit_test",
@@ -85,12 +85,10 @@ _scala_junit_test_attrs = {
     "env": attr.string_dict(default = {}),
     "env_inherit": attr.string_list(),
     "_junit_classpath": attr.label(
-        default = Label("@io_bazel_rules_scala//testing/toolchain:junit_classpath"),
+        default = Label("//testing/toolchain:junit_classpath"),
     ),
     "_bazel_test_runner": attr.label(
-        default = Label(
-            "@io_bazel_rules_scala//scala:bazel_test_runner_deploy",
-        ),
+        default = Label("//scala:bazel_test_runner_deploy"),
         allow_files = True,
     ),
     "_lcov_merger": attr.label(
@@ -103,10 +101,8 @@ _scala_junit_test_attrs = {
 _junit_resolve_deps = {
     "_scala_toolchain": attr.label_list(
         default = [
-            Label(
-                "@io_bazel_rules_scala//scala/private/toolchain_deps:scala_library_classpath",
-            ),
-            Label("@io_bazel_rules_scala//testing/toolchain:junit_classpath"),
+            Label("//scala/private/toolchain_deps:scala_library_classpath"),
+            Label("//testing/toolchain:junit_classpath"),
         ],
         allow_files = False,
     ),
@@ -140,7 +136,8 @@ def make_scala_junit_test(*extras):
         ),
         test = True,
         toolchains = [
-            "@io_bazel_rules_scala//scala:toolchain_type",
+            Label("//scala:toolchain_type"),
+            Label("//testing/toolchain:testing_toolchain_type"),
             "@bazel_tools//tools/jdk:toolchain_type",
         ],
         cfg = scala_version_transition,
diff --git a/scala/private/rules/scala_test.bzl b/scala/private/rules/scala_test.bzl
index 4f589cb1f..1fe3992a8 100644
--- a/scala/private/rules/scala_test.bzl
+++ b/scala/private/rules/scala_test.bzl
@@ -126,7 +126,8 @@ def make_scala_test(*extras):
         ),
         test = True,
         toolchains = [
-            "@io_bazel_rules_scala//scala:toolchain_type",
+            Label("//scala:toolchain_type"),
+            Label("//testing/toolchain:testing_toolchain_type"),
             "@bazel_tools//tools/jdk:toolchain_type",
         ],
         cfg = scala_version_transition,
diff --git a/scala/scala.bzl b/scala/scala.bzl
index 54588ecc8..643b655d1 100644
--- a/scala/scala.bzl
+++ b/scala/scala.bzl
@@ -2,14 +2,6 @@ load(
     "//specs2:specs2_junit.bzl",
     _specs2_junit_dependencies = "specs2_junit_dependencies",
 )
-load(
-    "//scala/private:macros/toolchains.bzl",
-    _scala_toolchains = "scala_toolchains",
-)
-load(
-    "//scala/private:macros/toolchains_repo.bzl",
-    _scala_toolchains_repo = "scala_toolchains_repo",
-)
 load(
     "//scala/private:macros/scala_repositories.bzl",
     _rules_scala_setup = "rules_scala_setup",
@@ -50,10 +42,6 @@ load(
     _scala_test = "scala_test",
     _scala_test_suite = "scala_test_suite",
 )
-load(
-    "//testing:testing.bzl",
-    _setup_scala_testing_toolchain = "setup_scala_testing_toolchain",
-)
 
 def scala_specs2_junit_test(name, **kwargs):
     _scala_junit_test(
@@ -87,7 +75,4 @@ rules_scala_setup = _rules_scala_setup
 rules_scala_toolchain_deps_repositories = _rules_scala_toolchain_deps_repositories
 scala_test = _scala_test
 scala_test_suite = _scala_test_suite
-setup_scala_testing_toolchain = _setup_scala_testing_toolchain
 setup_scala_toolchain = _setup_scala_toolchain
-scala_toolchains = _scala_toolchains
-scala_toolchains_repo = _scala_toolchains_repo
diff --git a/scala/scala_import.bzl b/scala/scala_import.bzl
index 1fb01df8f..3190349fa 100644
--- a/scala/scala_import.bzl
+++ b/scala/scala_import.bzl
@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
-load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//scala:jars_to_labels.bzl", "JarsToLabelsInfo")
+load("//scala/private:rule_impls.bzl", "specified_java_compile_toolchain")
 load("//scala/settings:stamp_settings.bzl", "StampScalaImport")
-load(
-    "@io_bazel_rules_scala//scala/private:rule_impls.bzl",
-    "specified_java_compile_toolchain",
-)
+load("//scala:jars_to_labels.bzl", "JarsToLabelsInfo")
 
 def _stamp_jar(ctx, jar):
     stamped_jar_filename = "%s.stamp/%s" % (ctx.label.name, jar.basename)
@@ -139,11 +136,13 @@ scala_import = rule(
         "srcjar": attr.label(allow_single_file = True),
         "_placeholder_jar": attr.label(
             allow_single_file = True,
-            default = Label("@io_bazel_rules_scala//scala:libPlaceHolderClassToCreateEmptyJarForScalaImport.jar"),
+            default = Label(
+                "//scala:libPlaceHolderClassToCreateEmptyJarForScalaImport.jar",
+            ),
         ),
         "stamp": attr.label(
             doc = "Adds Target-Label attribute to MANIFEST.MF for dep tracking",
-            default = Label("@io_bazel_rules_scala//scala/settings:stamp_scala_import"),
+            default = Label("//scala/settings:stamp_scala_import"),
         ),
         "java_compile_toolchain": attr.label(
             default = Label("@bazel_tools//tools/jdk:current_java_toolchain"),
diff --git a/scala/toolchains.bzl b/scala/toolchains.bzl
index eebdb7453..07816e384 100644
--- a/scala/toolchains.bzl
+++ b/scala/toolchains.bzl
@@ -1,3 +1,132 @@
+"""Macros to instantiate and register @io_bazel_rules_scala_toolchains"""
+
+load("//junit:junit.bzl", "junit_artifact_ids")
+load("//scala/private:macros/scala_repositories.bzl", "scala_repositories")
+load("//scala:toolchains_repo.bzl", "scala_toolchains_repo")
+load("//scala:scala_cross_version.bzl", "default_maven_server_urls")
+load("//scalatest:scalatest.bzl", "scalatest_artifact_ids")
+load("//specs2:specs2.bzl", "specs2_artifact_ids")
+load("//specs2:specs2_junit.bzl", "specs2_junit_artifact_ids")
+load("//third_party/repositories:repositories.bzl", "repositories")
+load("@io_bazel_rules_scala_config//:config.bzl", "SCALA_VERSIONS")
+
+def scala_toolchains(
+        maven_servers = default_maven_server_urls(),
+        overridden_artifacts = {},
+        load_rules_scala_dependencies = True,
+        load_scala_toolchain_dependencies = True,
+        fetch_sources = False,
+        validate_scala_version = True,
+        scala_compiler_srcjars = {},
+        scalatest = False,
+        junit = False,
+        specs2 = False,
+        testing = False):
+    """Instantiates @io_bazel_rules_scala_toolchains and all its dependencies.
+
+    Provides a unified interface to configuring rules_scala both directly in a
+    `WORKSPACE` file and in a Bazel module extension.
+
+    Instantiates the `@io_bazel_rules_scala_toolchains` repository. Under
+    `WORKSPACE`, you will need to call `register_toolchains` at some point.
+    Under Bzlmod, rules_scala does this automatically.
+
+    ```starlark
+    register_toolchains("@io_bazel_rules_scala_toolchains//...:all")
+    ```
+
+    All arguments are optional.
+
+    Args:
+        maven_servers: Maven servers used to fetch dependency jar files
+        overridden_artifacts: specific dependency jar files to use instead of
+            those from `maven_servers`, in the format:
+            ```starlark
+            "repo_name": {
+                "artifact": "<maven coordinates>",
+                "sha256": "<checksum>",
+                "deps": [
+                    "repository_names_of_dependencies",
+                ],
+            }
+            ```
+        load_rules_scala_dependencies: whether load rules_scala repository
+            dependencies
+        load_scala_toolchain_dependencies: whether to load repository
+            dependencies of the core Scala language toolchain
+        fetch_sources: whether to download dependency source jars
+        validate_scala_version: whether to check if the configured Scala version
+            matches the default version supported by rules_scala
+        scala_compiler_srcjars: optional dictionary of Scala version string to
+            compiler srcjar metadata dictionaries containing:
+            - exactly one "label", "url", or "urls" key
+            - optional "integrity" or "sha256" keys
+        scalatest: whether to instantiate the Scalatest toolchain
+        junit: whether to instantiate the JUnit toolchain
+        specs2: whether to instantiate the Specs2 JUnit toolchain
+        testing: whether to instantiate the Scalatest, JUnit, and Specs2 JUnit
+            toolchains combined
+    """
+    scala_repositories(
+        maven_servers = maven_servers,
+        # Note the internal macro parameter misspells "overriden".
+        overriden_artifacts = overridden_artifacts,
+        load_dep_rules = load_rules_scala_dependencies,
+        load_jar_deps = load_scala_toolchain_dependencies,
+        fetch_sources = fetch_sources,
+        validate_scala_version = validate_scala_version,
+        scala_compiler_srcjars = scala_compiler_srcjars,
+    )
+
+    if testing:
+        scalatest = True
+        junit = True
+        specs2 = True
+    if specs2:
+        junit = True
+
+    artifact_ids_to_fetch_sources = {}
+
+    if scalatest:
+        artifact_ids_to_fetch_sources.update({
+            id: True
+            for id in scalatest_artifact_ids()
+        })
+    if junit:
+        artifact_ids_to_fetch_sources.update({
+            id: True
+            for id in junit_artifact_ids()
+        })
+    if specs2:
+        artifact_ids_to_fetch_sources.update({
+            id: True
+            for id in specs2_artifact_ids() + specs2_junit_artifact_ids()
+        })
+
+    for scala_version in SCALA_VERSIONS:
+        version_specific_artifact_ids = {}
+
+        all_artifacts = (
+            artifact_ids_to_fetch_sources | version_specific_artifact_ids
+        )
+
+        repositories(
+            scala_version = scala_version,
+            for_artifact_ids = all_artifacts.keys(),
+            maven_servers = maven_servers,
+            fetch_sources = fetch_sources,
+            fetch_sources_by_id = all_artifacts,
+            overriden_artifacts = overridden_artifacts,
+            validate_scala_version = validate_scala_version,
+        )
+
+    scala_toolchains_repo(
+        scalatest = scalatest,
+        junit = junit,
+        specs2 = specs2,
+        testing = testing,
+    )
+
 def scala_register_toolchains():
     native.register_toolchains("@io_bazel_rules_scala_toolchains//...:all")
 
diff --git a/scala/toolchains_repo.bzl b/scala/toolchains_repo.bzl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8234d5c94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scala/toolchains_repo.bzl
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+"""Repository rule to instantiate @io_bazel_rules_scala_toolchains"""
+
+def _generate_testing_toolchain_build_file_args(repo_attr):
+    framework_deps = {}
+
+    if repo_attr.testing:
+        framework_deps = {
+            "scalatest": "SCALATEST_DEPS",
+            "junit": "JUNIT_DEPS",
+            "specs2": "SPECS2_DEPS",
+            "specs2_junit": "SPECS2_JUNIT_DEPS",
+        }
+    if repo_attr.scalatest:
+        framework_deps["scalatest"] = "SCALATEST_DEPS"
+    if repo_attr.specs2:
+        framework_deps["specs2"] = "SPECS2_DEPS"
+        framework_deps["specs2_junit"] = "SPECS2_JUNIT_DEPS"
+        framework_deps["junit"] = "JUNIT_DEPS"
+    if repo_attr.junit:
+        framework_deps["junit"] = "JUNIT_DEPS"
+
+    if len(framework_deps) == 0:
+        return None
+
+    # The _TESTING_TOOLCHAIN_BUILD template expects that all framework keys are
+    # present in the dictionary, so it can set unset framework classpath
+    # parameters to `None`.
+    return {
+        "deps_symbols": "\",\n    \"".join(
+            [s for s in framework_deps.values()],
+        ),
+        "scalatest": framework_deps.get("scalatest"),
+        "junit": framework_deps.get("junit"),
+        "specs2": framework_deps.get("specs2"),
+        "specs2_junit": framework_deps.get("specs2_junit"),
+    }
+
+def _scala_toolchains_repo_impl(repository_ctx):
+    repo_attr = repository_ctx.attr
+    format_args = {
+        "rules_scala_repo": Label("//:all").repo_name,
+    }
+    toolchains = {}
+
+    if repo_attr.scala:
+        toolchains["scala"] = _SCALA_TOOLCHAIN_BUILD
+
+    testing_build_args = _generate_testing_toolchain_build_file_args(repo_attr)
+    if testing_build_args != None:
+        format_args.update(testing_build_args)
+        toolchains["testing"] = _TESTING_TOOLCHAIN_BUILD
+
+    if len(toolchains) == 0:
+        fail("no toolchains specified")
+
+    for pkg, build in toolchains.items():
+        repository_ctx.file(
+            pkg + "/BUILD",
+            content = build.format(**format_args),
+            executable = False,
+        )
+
+_scala_toolchains_repo = repository_rule(
+    implementation = _scala_toolchains_repo_impl,
+    doc = "Creates a repo containing Scala toolchain packages",
+    attrs = {
+        "scala": attr.bool(default = True),
+        "scalatest": attr.bool(),
+        "junit": attr.bool(),
+        "specs2": attr.bool(),
+        "testing": attr.bool(),
+    },
+)
+
+def scala_toolchains_repo(name = "io_bazel_rules_scala_toolchains", **kwargs):
+    _scala_toolchains_repo(
+        name = name,
+        **kwargs
+    )
+
+_SCALA_TOOLCHAIN_BUILD = """
+load(
+    "@@{rules_scala_repo}//scala/private:macros/setup_scala_toolchain.bzl",
+    "default_deps",
+    "setup_scala_toolchain",
+)
+load("@@{rules_scala_repo}//scala:providers.bzl", "declare_deps_provider")
+load("@@{rules_scala_repo}//scala:scala_cross_version.bzl", "version_suffix")
+load(
+    "@io_bazel_rules_scala_config//:config.bzl",
+    "SCALA_VERSION",
+    "SCALA_VERSIONS",
+)
+
+[
+    setup_scala_toolchain(
+        name = "toolchain" + version_suffix(scala_version),
+        scala_version = scala_version,
+        use_argument_file_in_runner = True,
+    )
+    for scala_version in SCALA_VERSIONS
+]
+
+[
+    declare_deps_provider(
+        name = deps_id + "_provider",
+        deps_id = deps_id,
+        visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
+        deps = default_deps(deps_id, SCALA_VERSION),
+    )
+    for deps_id in [
+        "scala_xml",
+        "parser_combinators",
+        "scala_compile_classpath",
+        "scala_library_classpath",
+        "scala_macro_classpath",
+        "semanticdb",
+    ]
+]
+"""
+
+_TESTING_TOOLCHAIN_BUILD = """
+load("@@{rules_scala_repo}//scala:scala_cross_version.bzl", "version_suffix")
+load(
+    "@@{rules_scala_repo}//testing:deps.bzl",
+    "{deps_symbols}",
+)
+load(
+    "@@{rules_scala_repo}//testing:testing.bzl",
+    "setup_scala_testing_toolchain",
+)
+load("@io_bazel_rules_scala_config//:config.bzl", "SCALA_VERSIONS")
+
+[
+    setup_scala_testing_toolchain(
+        name = "testing_toolchain" + version_suffix(scala_version),
+        scala_version = scala_version,
+        scalatest_classpath = {scalatest},
+        junit_classpath = {junit},
+        specs2_classpath = {specs2},
+        specs2_junit_classpath = {specs2_junit},
+    )
+    for scala_version in SCALA_VERSIONS
+]
+"""
diff --git a/scalatest/scalatest.bzl b/scalatest/scalatest.bzl
index 0449a1a07..6af1e7a6a 100644
--- a/scalatest/scalatest.bzl
+++ b/scalatest/scalatest.bzl
@@ -5,30 +5,33 @@ load(
 load("//third_party/repositories:repositories.bzl", "repositories")
 load("@io_bazel_rules_scala_config//:config.bzl", "SCALA_VERSIONS")
 
+def scalatest_artifact_ids():
+    return [
+        "io_bazel_rules_scala_scalactic",
+        "io_bazel_rules_scala_scalatest",
+        "io_bazel_rules_scala_scalatest_compatible",
+        "io_bazel_rules_scala_scalatest_core",
+        "io_bazel_rules_scala_scalatest_diagrams",
+        "io_bazel_rules_scala_scalatest_featurespec",
+        "io_bazel_rules_scala_scalatest_flatspec",
+        "io_bazel_rules_scala_scalatest_freespec",
+        "io_bazel_rules_scala_scalatest_funspec",
+        "io_bazel_rules_scala_scalatest_funsuite",
+        "io_bazel_rules_scala_scalatest_matchers_core",
+        "io_bazel_rules_scala_scalatest_mustmatchers",
+        "io_bazel_rules_scala_scalatest_propspec",
+        "io_bazel_rules_scala_scalatest_refspec",
+        "io_bazel_rules_scala_scalatest_shouldmatchers",
+        "io_bazel_rules_scala_scalatest_wordspec",
+    ]
+
 def scalatest_repositories(
         maven_servers = _default_maven_server_urls(),
         fetch_sources = True):
     for scala_version in SCALA_VERSIONS:
         repositories(
             scala_version = scala_version,
-            for_artifact_ids = [
-                "io_bazel_rules_scala_scalactic",
-                "io_bazel_rules_scala_scalatest",
-                "io_bazel_rules_scala_scalatest_compatible",
-                "io_bazel_rules_scala_scalatest_core",
-                "io_bazel_rules_scala_scalatest_diagrams",
-                "io_bazel_rules_scala_scalatest_featurespec",
-                "io_bazel_rules_scala_scalatest_flatspec",
-                "io_bazel_rules_scala_scalatest_freespec",
-                "io_bazel_rules_scala_scalatest_funspec",
-                "io_bazel_rules_scala_scalatest_funsuite",
-                "io_bazel_rules_scala_scalatest_matchers_core",
-                "io_bazel_rules_scala_scalatest_mustmatchers",
-                "io_bazel_rules_scala_scalatest_propspec",
-                "io_bazel_rules_scala_scalatest_refspec",
-                "io_bazel_rules_scala_scalatest_shouldmatchers",
-                "io_bazel_rules_scala_scalatest_wordspec",
-            ],
+            for_artifact_ids = scalatest_artifact_ids(),
             maven_servers = maven_servers,
             fetch_sources = fetch_sources,
         )
diff --git a/specs2/specs2.bzl b/specs2/specs2.bzl
index 12ba6b40c..43f8fc80a 100644
--- a/specs2/specs2.bzl
+++ b/specs2/specs2.bzl
@@ -7,20 +7,23 @@ load("//third_party/repositories:repositories.bzl", "repositories")
 def specs2_version():
     return "4.4.1"
 
+def specs2_artifact_ids():
+    return [
+        "io_bazel_rules_scala_org_specs2_specs2_common",
+        "io_bazel_rules_scala_org_specs2_specs2_core",
+        "io_bazel_rules_scala_org_specs2_specs2_fp",
+        "io_bazel_rules_scala_org_specs2_specs2_matcher",
+    ]
+
 def specs2_repositories(
         maven_servers = _default_maven_server_urls(),
         overriden_artifacts = {}):
     repositories(
-        for_artifact_ids = [
-            "io_bazel_rules_scala_org_specs2_specs2_common",
-            "io_bazel_rules_scala_org_specs2_specs2_core",
-            "io_bazel_rules_scala_org_specs2_specs2_fp",
-            "io_bazel_rules_scala_org_specs2_specs2_matcher",
-        ],
+        for_artifact_ids = specs2_artifact_ids(),
         maven_servers = maven_servers,
         fetch_sources = True,
         overriden_artifacts = overriden_artifacts,
     )
 
 def specs2_dependencies():
-    return ["@io_bazel_rules_scala//specs2:specs2"]
+    return [Label("//specs2:specs2")]
diff --git a/specs2/specs2_junit.bzl b/specs2/specs2_junit.bzl
index 2c2e0d4a0..d6fbf53da 100644
--- a/specs2/specs2_junit.bzl
+++ b/specs2/specs2_junit.bzl
@@ -10,6 +10,11 @@ load(
 )
 load("//third_party/repositories:repositories.bzl", "repositories")
 
+def specs2_junit_artifact_ids():
+    return [
+        "io_bazel_rules_scala_org_specs2_specs2_junit",
+    ]
+
 def specs2_junit_repositories(
         maven_servers = _default_maven_server_urls(),
         overriden_artifacts = {}):
@@ -17,9 +22,7 @@ def specs2_junit_repositories(
     junit_repositories()
 
     repositories(
-        for_artifact_ids = [
-            "io_bazel_rules_scala_org_specs2_specs2_junit",
-        ],
+        for_artifact_ids = specs2_junit_artifact_ids(),
         maven_servers = maven_servers,
         fetch_sources = True,
         overriden_artifacts = overriden_artifacts,
@@ -27,5 +30,5 @@ def specs2_junit_repositories(
 
 def specs2_junit_dependencies():
     return specs2_dependencies() + [
-        "@io_bazel_rules_scala//testing/toolchain:specs2_junit_classpath",
+        Label("//testing/toolchain:specs2_junit_classpath"),
     ]
diff --git a/test/BUILD b/test/BUILD
index 4c2d7a263..4b3485a26 100644
--- a/test/BUILD
+++ b/test/BUILD
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-load("@rules_python//python:defs.bzl", "py_binary")
-load("@rules_java//java:defs.bzl", "java_binary", "java_library")
 load(
     "//scala:scala.bzl",
     "scala_binary",
@@ -13,10 +11,21 @@ load(
     "scala_test",
     "scala_test_suite",
 )
+load("//scala:scala_cross_version.bzl", "repositories")
 load(":check_statsfile.bzl", "check_statsfile")
+load("@io_bazel_rules_scala_config//:config.bzl", "SCALA_VERSION")
+load("@rules_java//java:defs.bzl", "java_binary", "java_library")
+load("@rules_python//python:defs.bzl", "py_binary")
 
 package(default_testonly = 1)
 
+_JUNIT_DEPS = repositories(
+    SCALA_VERSION,
+    [
+        "@io_bazel_rules_scala_junit_junit",
+    ],
+)
+
 # The examples below show how to combine Scala and Java rules.
 # ScalaBinary is the Scala equivalent of JavaBinary.
 
@@ -491,7 +500,6 @@ scala_junit_test(
         "//test/src/main/resources/java_sources:CompiledWithJava11",
         "//test/src/main/resources/java_sources:CompiledWithJava8",
     ],
-    deps = ["@io_bazel_rules_scala_junit_junit"],
 )
 
 # Generate a file containing the rootpaths of a Scala binary.
@@ -612,7 +620,7 @@ scala_library(
 scala_library(
     name = "customJunitRunner",
     srcs = ["src/main/scala/scalarules/test/junit/JunitCustomRunner.java"],
-    deps = ["@io_bazel_rules_scala_junit_junit"],
+    deps = _JUNIT_DEPS,
 )
 
 # make sure making a fat jar strips signatures
@@ -698,7 +706,7 @@ check_statsfile("ScalaLibBinary")
 scala_library(
     name = "JunitSeparateTarget",
     srcs = ["src/main/scala/scalarules/test/junit/separate_target/JunitSeparateTargetTest.scala"],
-    deps = ["@io_bazel_rules_scala_junit_junit"],
+    deps = _JUNIT_DEPS,
 )
 
 scala_junit_test(
@@ -712,7 +720,7 @@ scala_junit_test(
 java_library(
     name = "JunitJavaSeparateTarget",
     srcs = ["src/main/scala/scalarules/test/junit/separate_target/JunitJavaSeparateTargetTest.java"],
-    deps = ["@io_bazel_rules_scala_junit_junit"],
+    deps = _JUNIT_DEPS,
 )
 
 scala_junit_test(
@@ -726,14 +734,14 @@ scala_junit_test(
 scala_library(
     name = "TargetWithTestThatShouldNotRun",
     srcs = ["src/main/scala/scalarules/test/junit/separate_target/FailingTest.scala"],
-    deps = ["@io_bazel_rules_scala_junit_junit"],
+    deps = _JUNIT_DEPS,
 )
 
 scala_library(
     name = "JunitSeparateTargetWithDependencyOnTest",
     srcs = ["src/main/scala/scalarules/test/junit/separate_target/JunitSeparateTargetTest.scala"],
     runtime_deps = [":TargetWithTestThatShouldNotRun"],
-    deps = ["@io_bazel_rules_scala_junit_junit"],
+    deps = _JUNIT_DEPS,
 )
 
 scala_junit_test(
@@ -748,7 +756,7 @@ java_library(
     name = "JunitSeparateJavaTargetWithDependencyOnTest",
     srcs = ["src/main/scala/scalarules/test/junit/separate_target/JunitJavaSeparateTargetTest.java"],
     runtime_deps = [":TargetWithTestThatShouldNotRun"],
-    deps = ["@io_bazel_rules_scala_junit_junit"],
+    deps = _JUNIT_DEPS,
 )
 
 scala_junit_test(
@@ -765,7 +773,7 @@ scala_library(
         "src/main/scala/scalarules/test/junit/separate_target/JunitJavaSeparateTargetTest.java",
         "src/main/scala/scalarules/test/junit/separate_target/SomeScalaClass.scala",
     ],
-    deps = ["@io_bazel_rules_scala_junit_junit"],
+    deps = _JUNIT_DEPS,
 )
 
 scala_junit_test(
@@ -783,7 +791,7 @@ scala_library(
     ],
     # make sure java compilation toolchain matches runtime toolchain ie --target
     java_compile_toolchain = "@bazel_tools//tools/jdk:toolchain_java11",
-    deps = ["@io_bazel_rules_scala_junit_junit"],
+    deps = _JUNIT_DEPS,
 )
 
 scala_junit_test(
@@ -800,7 +808,6 @@ scala_junit_test(
     size = "small",
     srcs = ["src/main/scala/scalarules/test/junit/JunitNoTestEnvironmentTest.scala"],
     suffixes = ["Test"],
-    deps = ["@io_bazel_rules_scala_junit_junit"],
 )
 
 scala_junit_test(
@@ -811,7 +818,6 @@ scala_junit_test(
         "my_env_var": "my_value",
     },
     suffixes = ["Test"],
-    deps = ["@io_bazel_rules_scala_junit_junit"],
 )
 
 py_binary(
diff --git a/test_cross_build/WORKSPACE b/test_cross_build/WORKSPACE
index 5e33f222c..c21b83d0c 100644
--- a/test_cross_build/WORKSPACE
+++ b/test_cross_build/WORKSPACE
@@ -72,18 +72,14 @@ scala_config(
 )
 
 # loads other rules Rules Scala depends on
-load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//scala:scala.bzl", "scala_toolchains")
+load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//scala:toolchains.bzl", "scala_toolchains")
 
-scala_toolchains()
+scala_toolchains(
+    scalatest = True,
+)
 
 register_toolchains("@io_bazel_rules_scala_toolchains//...:all")
 
-load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//testing:scalatest.bzl", "scalatest_repositories", "scalatest_toolchain")
-
-scalatest_repositories()
-
-scalatest_toolchain()
-
 load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//scala/scalafmt:scalafmt_repositories.bzl", "scalafmt_repositories")
 
 scalafmt_repositories()
diff --git a/test_version/WORKSPACE.template b/test_version/WORKSPACE.template
index 280ce826c..eaeff1ba0 100644
--- a/test_version/WORKSPACE.template
+++ b/test_version/WORKSPACE.template
@@ -59,9 +59,13 @@ scala_config(enable_compiler_dependency_tracking = True)
 
 load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//scala:scala_cross_version.bzl", "extract_major_version")
 
-load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//scala:scala.bzl", "scala_toolchains")
+load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//scala:toolchains.bzl", "scala_toolchains")
 
-scala_toolchains(fetch_sources = True)
+scala_toolchains(
+    fetch_sources = True,
+    scalatest = True,
+    specs2 = True,
+)
 
 register_toolchains(
     "@io_bazel_rules_scala//scala:unused_dependency_checker_error_toolchain",
@@ -81,11 +85,3 @@ scala_proto_repositories()
 load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//scala_proto:toolchains.bzl", "scala_proto_register_toolchains")
 
 scala_proto_register_toolchains()
-
-load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//specs2:specs2_junit.bzl", "specs2_junit_repositories")
-
-specs2_junit_repositories()
-
-load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//testing:scalatest.bzl", "scalatest_repositories", "scalatest_toolchain")
-
-scalatest_repositories()
diff --git a/testing/BUILD b/testing/BUILD
index 0592dcfa4..6bc5efff8 100644
--- a/testing/BUILD
+++ b/testing/BUILD
@@ -1,82 +1,19 @@
-load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//scala:scala.bzl", "setup_scala_testing_toolchain")
 load("//scala:scala_cross_version.bzl", "version_suffix")
-load("@io_bazel_rules_scala_config//:config.bzl", "SCALA_VERSION", "SCALA_VERSIONS")
-
-_SPECS2_DEPS = [
-    "@io_bazel_rules_scala_org_specs2_specs2_common",
-    "@io_bazel_rules_scala_org_specs2_specs2_core",
-    "@io_bazel_rules_scala_org_specs2_specs2_fp",
-    "@io_bazel_rules_scala_org_specs2_specs2_matcher",
-]
-
-_SPECS2_JUNIT_DEPS = [
-    "@io_bazel_rules_scala_org_specs2_specs2_junit",
-]
-
-_JUNIT_DEPS = [
-    "@io_bazel_rules_scala_junit_junit",
-    "@io_bazel_rules_scala_org_hamcrest_hamcrest_core",
-]
-
-_SCALATEST_DEPS = [
-    "@io_bazel_rules_scala_scalactic",
-    "@io_bazel_rules_scala_scalatest",
-    "@io_bazel_rules_scala_scalatest_compatible",
-    "@io_bazel_rules_scala_scalatest_core",
-    "@io_bazel_rules_scala_scalatest_featurespec",
-    "@io_bazel_rules_scala_scalatest_flatspec",
-    "@io_bazel_rules_scala_scalatest_freespec",
-    "@io_bazel_rules_scala_scalatest_funspec",
-    "@io_bazel_rules_scala_scalatest_funsuite",
-    "@io_bazel_rules_scala_scalatest_matchers_core",
-    "@io_bazel_rules_scala_scalatest_mustmatchers",
-    "@io_bazel_rules_scala_scalatest_shouldmatchers",
-]
-
-[
-    setup_scala_testing_toolchain(
-        name = "testing_toolchain" + version_suffix(scala_version),
-        junit_classpath = _JUNIT_DEPS,
-        scala_version = scala_version,
-        scalatest_classpath = [dep + version_suffix(scala_version) for dep in _SCALATEST_DEPS],
-        specs2_classpath = _SPECS2_DEPS,
-        specs2_junit_classpath = _SPECS2_JUNIT_DEPS,
-        visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
-    )
-    for scala_version in SCALA_VERSIONS
-]
+load("@io_bazel_rules_scala_config//:config.bzl", "SCALA_VERSION")
 
+# Aliases for backward compatibility:
 [
-    setup_scala_testing_toolchain(
-        name = "scalatest_toolchain" + version_suffix(scala_version),
-        scala_version = scala_version,
-        scalatest_classpath = [dep + version_suffix(scala_version) for dep in _SCALATEST_DEPS],
-        visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
+    alias(
+        name = framework + "_toolchain",
+        actual = (
+            "@io_bazel_rules_scala_toolchains//testing:testing_toolchain" +
+            version_suffix(SCALA_VERSION)
+        ),
     )
-    for scala_version in SCALA_VERSIONS
+    for framework in [
+        "testing",
+        "scalatest",
+        "specs2_junit",
+        "junit",
+    ]
 ]
-
-# Aliases for backward compatibility:
-alias(
-    name = "testing_toolchain",
-    actual = "testing_toolchain" + version_suffix(SCALA_VERSION),
-)
-
-alias(
-    name = "scalatest_toolchain",
-    actual = "scalatest_toolchain" + version_suffix(SCALA_VERSION),
-)
-
-setup_scala_testing_toolchain(
-    name = "specs2_junit_toolchain",
-    junit_classpath = _JUNIT_DEPS,
-    specs2_classpath = _SPECS2_DEPS,
-    specs2_junit_classpath = _SPECS2_JUNIT_DEPS,
-    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
-)
-
-setup_scala_testing_toolchain(
-    name = "junit_toolchain",
-    junit_classpath = _JUNIT_DEPS,
-    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
-)
diff --git a/testing/deps.bzl b/testing/deps.bzl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..87951e3d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/deps.bzl
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+load("//junit:junit.bzl", "junit_artifact_ids")
+load("//scalatest:scalatest.bzl", "scalatest_artifact_ids")
+load("//specs2:specs2.bzl", "specs2_artifact_ids")
+load("//specs2:specs2_junit.bzl", "specs2_junit_artifact_ids")
+
+def _repoize(ids):
+    return ["@" + id for id in ids]
+
+JUNIT_DEPS = _repoize(junit_artifact_ids())
+
+SCALATEST_DEPS = _repoize(scalatest_artifact_ids())
+
+SPECS2_DEPS = _repoize(specs2_artifact_ids())
+
+SPECS2_JUNIT_DEPS = _repoize(specs2_junit_artifact_ids())
diff --git a/testing/junit.bzl b/testing/junit.bzl
index a87ac6817..2208675b9 100644
--- a/testing/junit.bzl
+++ b/testing/junit.bzl
@@ -1,7 +1,12 @@
 load("//junit:junit.bzl", _repositories = "junit_repositories")
+load("//scala:scala_cross_version.bzl", "version_suffix")
+load("@io_bazel_rules_scala_config//:config.bzl", "SCALA_VERSIONS")
 
 def junit_repositories():
     _repositories()
 
 def junit_toolchain():
-    native.register_toolchains("@io_bazel_rules_scala//testing:junit_toolchain")
+    for scala_version in SCALA_VERSIONS:
+        native.register_toolchains(str(Label(
+            "//testing:junit_toolchain" + version_suffix(scala_version),
+        )))
diff --git a/testing/scalatest.bzl b/testing/scalatest.bzl
index 127b5059c..1d66fe50c 100644
--- a/testing/scalatest.bzl
+++ b/testing/scalatest.bzl
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-load("//scalatest:scalatest.bzl", _repositories = "scalatest_repositories")
 load("//scala:scala_cross_version.bzl", "version_suffix")
+load("//scalatest:scalatest.bzl", _repositories = "scalatest_repositories")
 load("@io_bazel_rules_scala_config//:config.bzl", "SCALA_VERSIONS")
 
 def scalatest_repositories():
@@ -7,4 +7,6 @@ def scalatest_repositories():
 
 def scalatest_toolchain():
     for scala_version in SCALA_VERSIONS:
-        native.register_toolchains("@io_bazel_rules_scala//testing:scalatest_toolchain" + version_suffix(scala_version))
+        native.register_toolchains(str(Label(
+            "//testing:scalatest_toolchain" + version_suffix(scala_version),
+        )))
diff --git a/testing/specs2_junit.bzl b/testing/specs2_junit.bzl
index a7da792d8..eed731317 100644
--- a/testing/specs2_junit.bzl
+++ b/testing/specs2_junit.bzl
@@ -1,7 +1,12 @@
+load("//scala:scala_cross_version.bzl", "version_suffix")
 load("//specs2:specs2_junit.bzl", _repositories = "specs2_junit_repositories")
+load("@io_bazel_rules_scala_config//:config.bzl", "SCALA_VERSIONS")
 
 def specs2_junit_repositories():
     _repositories()
 
 def specs2_junit_toolchain():
-    native.register_toolchains("@io_bazel_rules_scala//testing:specs2_junit_toolchain")
+    for scala_version in SCALA_VERSIONS:
+        native.register_toolchains(str(Label(
+            "//testing:specs2_junit_toolchain" + version_suffix(scala_version),
+        )))
diff --git a/testing/testing.bzl b/testing/testing.bzl
index d857ca15d..ddb61d5be 100644
--- a/testing/testing.bzl
+++ b/testing/testing.bzl
@@ -1,8 +1,15 @@
-load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//scala:providers.bzl", "declare_deps_provider")
-load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//testing/toolchain:toolchain.bzl", "scala_testing_toolchain")
-load("//scala:scala_cross_version.bzl", "version_suffix")
+load("//scala:providers.bzl", "declare_deps_provider")
+load("//scala:scala_cross_version.bzl", "repositories", "version_suffix")
+load("//testing/toolchain:toolchain.bzl", "scala_testing_toolchain")
 load("@io_bazel_rules_scala_config//:config.bzl", "SCALA_VERSION")
 
+DEP_PROVIDERS = [
+    "junit_classpath",
+    "scalatest_classpath",
+    "specs2_classpath",
+    "specs2_junit_classpath",
+]
+
 def _declare_deps_provider(macro_name, deps_id, deps, visibility):
     label = "%s_%s_provider" % (macro_name, deps_id)
     declare_deps_provider(
@@ -11,7 +18,7 @@ def _declare_deps_provider(macro_name, deps_id, deps, visibility):
         visibility = visibility,
         deps = deps,
     )
-    return label
+    return ":%s" % label
 
 def setup_scala_testing_toolchain(
         name,
@@ -28,7 +35,7 @@ def setup_scala_testing_toolchain(
             _declare_deps_provider(
                 name,
                 "junit_classpath",
-                junit_classpath,
+                repositories(scala_version, junit_classpath),
                 visibility,
             ),
         )
@@ -38,7 +45,7 @@ def setup_scala_testing_toolchain(
             _declare_deps_provider(
                 name,
                 "specs2_junit_classpath",
-                specs2_junit_classpath,
+                repositories(scala_version, specs2_junit_classpath),
                 visibility,
             ),
         )
@@ -48,7 +55,7 @@ def setup_scala_testing_toolchain(
             _declare_deps_provider(
                 name,
                 "specs2_classpath",
-                specs2_classpath,
+                repositories(scala_version, specs2_classpath),
                 visibility,
             ),
         )
@@ -58,7 +65,7 @@ def setup_scala_testing_toolchain(
             _declare_deps_provider(
                 name,
                 "scalatest_classpath",
-                scalatest_classpath,
+                repositories(scala_version, scalatest_classpath),
                 visibility,
             ),
         )
@@ -72,7 +79,12 @@ def setup_scala_testing_toolchain(
     native.toolchain(
         name = name,
         toolchain = ":" + name + "_impl",
-        toolchain_type = "@io_bazel_rules_scala//testing/toolchain:testing_toolchain_type",
-        target_settings = ["@io_bazel_rules_scala_config//:scala_version" + version_suffix(scala_version)],
+        toolchain_type = Label("//testing/toolchain:testing_toolchain_type"),
+        target_settings = [
+            Label(
+                "@io_bazel_rules_scala_config//:scala_version" +
+                version_suffix(scala_version),
+            ),
+        ],
         visibility = visibility,
     )
diff --git a/testing/toolchain/BUILD b/testing/toolchain/BUILD
index 20a89bbc8..e76e201d2 100644
--- a/testing/toolchain/BUILD
+++ b/testing/toolchain/BUILD
@@ -1,30 +1,16 @@
-load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//testing/toolchain:toolchain_deps.bzl", "testing_toolchain_deps")
+load(":toolchain_deps.bzl", "testing_toolchain_deps")
+load("//testing:testing.bzl", "DEP_PROVIDERS")
 
 toolchain_type(
     name = "testing_toolchain_type",
     visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
 )
 
-testing_toolchain_deps(
-    name = "junit_classpath",
-    deps_id = "junit_classpath",
-    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
-)
-
-testing_toolchain_deps(
-    name = "scalatest_classpath",
-    deps_id = "scalatest_classpath",
-    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
-)
-
-testing_toolchain_deps(
-    name = "specs2_classpath",
-    deps_id = "specs2_classpath",
-    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
-)
-
-testing_toolchain_deps(
-    name = "specs2_junit_classpath",
-    deps_id = "specs2_junit_classpath",
-    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
-)
+[
+    testing_toolchain_deps(
+        name = dep,
+        deps_id = dep,
+        visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
+    )
+    for dep in DEP_PROVIDERS
+]
diff --git a/testing/toolchain/toolchain.bzl b/testing/toolchain/toolchain.bzl
index 83571c058..cbe77a9f6 100644
--- a/testing/toolchain/toolchain.bzl
+++ b/testing/toolchain/toolchain.bzl
@@ -10,8 +10,6 @@ scala_testing_toolchain = rule(
     _scala_toolchain_impl,
     attrs = {
         "dep_providers": attr.label_list(
-            default = [
-            ],
             providers = [_DepsInfo],
         ),
     },
diff --git a/testing/toolchain/toolchain_deps.bzl b/testing/toolchain/toolchain_deps.bzl
index 340cc669a..0cb992de1 100644
--- a/testing/toolchain/toolchain_deps.bzl
+++ b/testing/toolchain/toolchain_deps.bzl
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ load(
     "expose_toolchain_deps",
 )
 
-_toolchain_type = "@io_bazel_rules_scala//testing/toolchain:testing_toolchain_type"
+_toolchain_type = Label("//testing/toolchain:testing_toolchain_type")
 
 def _testing_toolchain_deps(ctx):
     return expose_toolchain_deps(ctx, _toolchain_type)
diff --git a/third_party/repositories/repositories.bzl b/third_party/repositories/repositories.bzl
index 8d00dd926..aa76d6f5f 100644
--- a/third_party/repositories/repositories.bzl
+++ b/third_party/repositories/repositories.bzl
@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ def repositories(
         maven_servers = default_maven_server_urls(),
         overriden_artifacts = {},
         fetch_sources = True,
+        fetch_sources_by_id = {},
         validate_scala_version = False):
     """
     Downloads given artifacts.
@@ -128,7 +129,7 @@ def repositories(
                 for dep in artifacts[id].get("runtime_deps", [])
             ],
             testonly_ = artifacts[id].get("testonly", False),
-            fetch_sources = fetch_sources,
+            fetch_sources = fetch_sources_by_id.get(id, fetch_sources),
         )
 
         # For backward compatibility: non-suffixed repo pointing to the suffixed one,
diff --git a/third_party/test/example_external_workspace/WORKSPACE b/third_party/test/example_external_workspace/WORKSPACE
index 0e69d76b2..58402d1bf 100644
--- a/third_party/test/example_external_workspace/WORKSPACE
+++ b/third_party/test/example_external_workspace/WORKSPACE
@@ -31,9 +31,12 @@ load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//:scala_config.bzl", "scala_config")
 
 scala_config()
 
-load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//scala:scala.bzl", "scala_toolchains")
+load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//scala:toolchains.bzl", "scala_toolchains")
 
-scala_toolchains(fetch_sources = True)
+scala_toolchains(
+    fetch_sources = True,
+    scalatest = True,
+)
 
 register_toolchains("@io_bazel_rules_scala_toolchains//...:all")
 
@@ -52,9 +55,3 @@ rules_proto_toolchains()
 load("@com_google_protobuf//:protobuf_deps.bzl", "protobuf_deps")
 
 protobuf_deps()
-
-load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//testing:scalatest.bzl", "scalatest_repositories", "scalatest_toolchain")
-
-scalatest_repositories()
-
-scalatest_toolchain()
diff --git a/third_party/test/proto/WORKSPACE b/third_party/test/proto/WORKSPACE
index 12cb91cb3..332d8f446 100644
--- a/third_party/test/proto/WORKSPACE
+++ b/third_party/test/proto/WORKSPACE
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//:scala_config.bzl", "scala_config")
 
 scala_config()
 
-load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//scala:scala.bzl", "scala_toolchains")
+load("@io_bazel_rules_scala//scala:toolchains.bzl", "scala_toolchains")
 
 scala_toolchains()