Merging other languages

Author: jameswpm

en/01.0.md

@@ -1,23 +1,20 @@
-# 1 GO环境配置
-
-欢迎来到Go的世界，让我们开始探索吧！
-
-Go是一种新的语言，一种并发的、带垃圾回收的、快速编译的语言。它具有以下特点：
-
-- 它可以在一台计算机上用几秒钟的时间编译一个大型的Go程序。
-- Go为软件构造提供了一种模型，它使依赖分析更加容易，且避免了大部分C风格include文件与库的开头。
-- Go是静态类型的语言，它的类型系统没有层级。因此用户不需要在定义类型之间的关系上花费时间，这样感觉起来比典型的面向对象语言更轻量级。
-- Go完全是垃圾回收型的语言，并为并发执行与通信提供了基本的支持。
-- 按照其设计，Go打算为多核机器上系统软件的构造提供一种方法。
-
-Go是一种编译型语言，它结合了解释型语言的游刃有余，动态类型语言的开发效率，以及静态类型的安全性。它也打算成为现代的，支持网络与多核计算的语言。要满足这些目标，需要解决一些语言上的问题：一个富有表达能力但轻量级的类型系统，并发与垃圾回收机制，严格的依赖规范等等。这些无法通过库或工具解决好，因此Go也就应运而生了。
-
-在本章中，我们将讲述Go的安装方法，以及如何配置项目信息。
-
-## 目录
-  
-![](images/navi1.png?raw=true)
-
-## links
-  * [目录](<preface.md>)
-  * 下一节: [Go安装](<01.1.md>)
+# 1 Go Environment Configuration
+
+Welcome to the world of Go, let's start exploring!
+
+Go is a fast-compiled, garbage-collected, concurrent systems programming language. It has the following advantages:
+
+- Compiles a large project within a few seconds.
+- Provides a software development model that is easy to reason about, avoiding most of the problems associated with C-style header files.
+- Is a static language that does not have levels in its type system, so users do not need to spend much time dealing with relations between types. It is more like a lightweight object-oriented language.
+- Performs garbage collection. It provides basic support for concurrency and communication.
+- Designed for multi-core computers.
+
+Go is a compiled language. It combines the development efficiency of interpreted or dynamic languages with the security of static languages. It is going to be the language of choice for modern, multi-core computers with networking. For these purposes, there are some problems that need to inherently be resolved at the level of the language of choice, such as a richly expressive lightweight type system, a native concurrency model, and strictly regulated garbage collection. For quite some time, no packages or tools have emerged that have aimed to solve all of these problems in a pragmatic fashion; thus was born the motivation for the Go language.
+
+In this chapter, I will show you how to install and configure your own Go development environment.
+
+## Links
+
+- [Directory](preface.md)
+- Next section: [Installation](01.1.md)

en/01.0.md~380a8ee74c41759d8189ad553423467994187253

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# 1 GO环境配置
+
+欢迎来到Go的世界，让我们开始探索吧！
+
+Go是一种新的语言，一种并发的、带垃圾回收的、快速编译的语言。它具有以下特点：
+
+- 它可以在一台计算机上用几秒钟的时间编译一个大型的Go程序。
+- Go为软件构造提供了一种模型，它使依赖分析更加容易，且避免了大部分C风格include文件与库的开头。
+- Go是静态类型的语言，它的类型系统没有层级。因此用户不需要在定义类型之间的关系上花费时间，这样感觉起来比典型的面向对象语言更轻量级。
+- Go完全是垃圾回收型的语言，并为并发执行与通信提供了基本的支持。
+- 按照其设计，Go打算为多核机器上系统软件的构造提供一种方法。
+
+Go是一种编译型语言，它结合了解释型语言的游刃有余，动态类型语言的开发效率，以及静态类型的安全性。它也打算成为现代的，支持网络与多核计算的语言。要满足这些目标，需要解决一些语言上的问题：一个富有表达能力但轻量级的类型系统，并发与垃圾回收机制，严格的依赖规范等等。这些无法通过库或工具解决好，因此Go也就应运而生了。
+
+在本章中，我们将讲述Go的安装方法，以及如何配置项目信息。
+
+## 目录
+  
+![](images/navi1.png?raw=true)
+
+## links
+  * [目录](<preface.md>)
+  * 下一节: [Go安装](<01.1.md>)

en/01.1.md

@@ -1,153 +1,123 @@
-# 1.1 Go 安装
+# 1.1 Installation
 
-## Go的三种安装方式
-Go有多种安装方式，你可以选择自己喜欢的。这里我们介绍三种最常见的安装方式：
+## Three ways to install Go
 
-- Go源码安装：这是一种标准的软件安装方式。对于经常使用Unix类系统的用户，尤其对于开发者来说，从源码安装可以自己定制。
-- Go标准包安装：Go提供了方便的安装包，支持Windows、Linux、Mac等系统。这种方式适合快速安装，可根据自己的系统位数下载好相应的安装包，一路next就可以轻松安装了。**推荐这种方式**
-- 第三方工具安装：目前有很多方便的第三方软件包工具，例如Ubuntu的apt-get、Mac的homebrew等。这种安装方式适合那些熟悉相应系统的用户。
+There are many ways to configure the Go development environment on your computer, and you can choose whichever one you like. The three most common ways are as follows.
 
-最后，如果你想在同一个系统中安装多个版本的Go，你可以参考第三方工具[GVM](https://github.com/moovweb/gvm)，这是目前在这方面做得最好的工具，除非你知道怎么处理。
 
-## Go源码安装
-在Go的源代码中，有些部分是用Plan 9 C和AT&T汇编写的，因此假如你要想从源码安装，就必须安装C的编译工具。
+-  Official installation packages.
+	- The Go team provides convenient installation packages in Windows, Linux, Mac and other operating systems. This is probably the easiest way to get started.
+- Install it yourself from source code.
+    -  Popular with developers who are familiar with Unix-like systems.
+- Using third-party tools.
+	- There are many third-party tools and package managers for installing Go, like apt-get in Ubuntu and homebrew for Mac.
+	
+In case you want to install more than one version of Go on a computer, you should take a look at a tool called [GVM](https://github.com/moovweb/gvm). It is the best tool I've seen so far for accomplishing this task, otherwise you'd have to deal with it yourself.
 
-在Mac系统中，只要你安装了Xcode，就已经包含了相应的编译工具。
+## Install from source code
 
-在类Unix系统中，需要安装gcc等工具。例如Ubuntu系统可通过在终端中执行`sudo apt-get install gcc libc6-dev`来安装编译工具。
+Because some parts of Go are written in Plan 9 C and AT&T assembler, you have to install a C compiler before taking the next step.
 
-在Windows系统中，你需要安装MinGW，然后通过MinGW安装gcc，并设置相应的环境变量。
+On a Mac, if you have installed Xcode, you already have the compiler.
 
-你可以直接去官网[下载源码](http://golang.org/dl/)，找相应的`goVERSION.src.tar.gz`的文件下载，下载之后解压缩到`$HOME`目录，执行如下代码：
+On Unix-like systems, you need to install gcc or a similar compiler. For example, using the package manager apt-get (included with Ubuntu), one can install the required compilers as follows:
 
-	cd go/src
-	./all.bash
-
-运行all.bash后出现"ALL TESTS PASSED"字样时才算安装成功。
-
-上面是Unix风格的命令，Windows下的安装方式类似，只不过是运行`all.bat`，调用的编译器是MinGW的gcc。
-
-如果是Mac或者Unix用户需要设置几个环境变量，如果想重启之后也能生效的话把下面的命令写到`.bashrc`或者`.zshrc`里面，
-
-	export GOPATH=$HOME/gopath
-	export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/go/bin:$GOPATH/bin
-
-如果你是写入文件的，记得执行`bash .bashrc`或者`bash .zshrc`使得设置立马生效。
-
-如果是window系统，就需要设置环境变量，在path里面增加相应的go所在的目录，设置gopath变量。
-
-当你设置完毕之后在命令行里面输入`go`，看到如下图片即说明你已经安装成功
-
-![](images/1.1.mac.png?raw=true)
+ `sudo apt-get install gcc libc6-dev`
 
-图1.1 源码安装之后执行Go命令的图
+On Windows, you need to install MinGW in order to install gcc. Don't forget to configure your environment variables after the installation has completed.( ***Everything that looks like this means it's commented by a translator: If you are using 64-bit Windows, you should install the 64-bit version of MinGW*** )
 
-如果出现Go的Usage信息，那么说明Go已经安装成功了；如果出现该命令不存在，那么可以检查一下自己的PATH环境变中是否包含了Go的安装目录。
+The Go team uses [Mercurial](http://mercurial.selenic.com/downloads/) to manage their source code, so you need to install this tool in order to download the Go source code.
 
-> 关于上面的GOPATH将在下面小节详细讲解
+At this point, execute the following commands to clone the Go source code and compile it.( ***It will clone the source code to your current directory. Switch your work path before you continue. This may take some time.*** )
 
-## Go标准包安装
-
-Go提供了每个平台打好包的一键安装，这些包默认会安装到如下目录：/usr/local/go (Windows系统：c:\Go)，当然你可以改变他们的安装位置，但是改变之后你必须在你的环境变量中设置如下信息：
-
-	export GOROOT=$HOME/go  
-	export GOPATH=$HOME/gopath
-	export PATH=$PATH:$GOROOT/bin:$GOPATH/bin
-
-上面这些命令对于Mac和Unix用户来说最好是写入`.bashrc`或者`.zshrc`文件，对于windows用户来说当然是写入环境变量。	
-
-### 如何判断自己的操作系统是32位还是64位？
-
-我们接下来的Go安装需要判断操作系统的位数，所以这小节我们先确定自己的系统类型。
-
-Windows系统用户请按Win+R运行cmd，输入`systeminfo`后回车，稍等片刻，会出现一些系统信息。在“系统类型”一行中，若显示“x64-based PC”，即为64位系统；若显示“X86-based PC”，则为32位系统。
-
-Mac系统用户建议直接使用64位的，因为Go所支持的Mac OS X版本已经不支持纯32位处理器了。
+	hg clone -u release https://code.google.com/p/go
+	cd go/src
+	./all.bash 
+	
+A successful installation will end with the message "ALL TESTS PASSED."
 
-Linux系统用户可通过在Terminal中执行命令`arch`(即`uname -m`)来查看系统信息：
+On Windows, you can achieve the same by running `all.bat`.
 
-64位系统显示
+If you are using Windows, the installation package will set your environment variables automatically. In Unix-like systems, you need to set these variables manually as follows. ( ***If your Go version is greater than 1.0, you don't have to set $GOBIN, and it will automatically be related to your $GOROOT/bin, which we will talk about in the next section***)
 
-	x86_64
+    export GOROOT=$HOME/go
+    export GOBIN=$GOROOT/bin
+    export PATH=$PATH:$GOROOT/bin
 
-32位系统显示
+If you see the following information on your screen, you're all set.
 
-	i386
+![](images/1.1.mac.png?raw=true)
 
-### Mac 安装
+Figure 1.1 Information after installing from source code
 
-访问[下载地址][downlink]，32位系统下载go1.4.2.darwin-386-osx10.8.pkg，64位系统下载go1.4.2.darwin-amd64-osx10.8.pkg，双击下载文件，一路默认安装点击下一步，这个时候go已经安装到你的系统中，默认已经在PATH中增加了相应的`~/go/bin`,这个时候打开终端，输入`go`
+Once you see the usage information of Go, it means you have successfully installed Go on your computer. If it says "no such command", check that your $PATH environment variable contains the installation path of Go.
 
-看到类似上面源码安装成功的图片说明已经安装成功
+## Using the standard installation packages
 
-如果出现go的Usage信息，那么说明go已经安装成功了；如果出现该命令不存在，那么可以检查一下自己的PATH环境变中是否包含了go的安装目录。
+Go has one-click installation packages for every supported operating system. These packages will install Go in `/usr/local/go` (`c:\Go` in Windows) by default. Of course this can be modified, but you also need to change all the environment variables manually as I've shown above.
 
-### Linux 安装
+### How to check if your operating system is 32-bit or 64-bit?
 
-访问[下载地址][downlink]，32位系统下载go1.4.2.linux-386.tar.gz，64位系统下载go1.4.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz，
+Our next step depends on your operating system type, so we have to check it before we download the standard installation packages.
 
-假定你想要安装Go的目录为 `$GO_INSTALL_DIR`，后面替换为相应的目录路径。
+If you are using Windows, press `Win+R` and then run the command tool. Type the `systeminfo` command and it will show you some useful system information. Find the line that says "system type" -if you see "x64-based PC" that means your operating system is 64-bit, 32-bit otherwise.
 
-解压缩`tar.gz`包到安装目录下：`tar zxvf go1.4.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C $GO_INSTALL_DIR`。
+I strongly recommend downloading the 64-bit package if you are a Mac user, as Go no longer supports pure 32-bit processors on Mac OSX.
 
-设置PATH，`export PATH=$PATH:$GO_INSTALL_DIR/go/bin`
+Linux users can type `uname -a` in the terminal to see system information.
+A 64-bit operating system will show the following:
 
-然后执行`go`
+    <some description> x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
+    // some machines such as Ubuntu 10.04 will show as following
+    x86_64 GNU/Linux
 
-![](images/1.1.linux.png?raw=true)
+32-bit operating systems instead show:
 
-图1.2 Linux系统下安装成功之后执行go显示的信息
+    <some description> i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux
 
-如果出现go的Usage信息，那么说明go已经安装成功了；如果出现该命令不存在，那么可以检查一下自己的PATH环境变中是否包含了go的安装目录。
+### Mac
 
-### Windows 安装 ###
+Go to the [download page](http://code.google.com/p/go/downloads/list), choose `go1.0.3.darwin-386.pkg` for 32-bit systems and `go1.0.3.darwin-amd64.pkg` for 64-bit systems. Going all the way to the end by clicking "next", `~/go/bin` will be added to your system's $PATH after you finish the installation. Now open the terminal and type `go`. You should see the same output shown in igure 1.1.
 
-访问[Google Code 下载页][downlink]，32 位请选择名称中包含 windows-386 的 msi 安装包，64 位请选择名称中包含 windows-amd64 的。下载好后运行，不要修改默认安装目录 C:\Go\，若安装到其他位置会导致不能执行自己所编写的 Go 代码。安装完成后默认会在环境变量 Path 后添加 Go 安装目录下的 bin 目录 `C:\Go\bin\`，并添加环境变量 GOROOT，值为 Go 安装根目录 `C:\Go\` 。
+### Linux
 
-**验证是否安装成功**
+Go to the [download page]((http://code.google.com/p/go/downloads/list), choose `go1.0.3.linux-386.tar.gz` for 32-bit systems and `go1.0.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz` for 64-bit systems. Suppose you want to install Go in the `$GO_INSTALL_DIR` path. Uncompress the `tar.gz` to your chosen path using the command `tar zxvf go1.0.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C $GO_INSTALL_DIR`. Then set your $PATH with the following: `export PATH=$PATH:$GO_INSTALL_DIR/go/bin`. Now just open the terminal and type `go`. You should now see the same output displayed in figure 1.1.
 
-在运行中输入 `cmd` 打开命令行工具，在提示符下输入 `go`，检查是否能看到 Usage 信息。输入 `cd %GOROOT%`，看是否能进入 Go 安装目录。若都成功，说明安装成功。
+### Windows
 
-不能的话请检查上述环境变量 Path 和 GOROOT 的值。若不存在请卸载后重新安装，存在请重启计算机后重试以上步骤。
+Go to the [download page]((http://code.google.com/p/go/downloads/list), choose `go1.0.3.windows-386.msi` for 32-bit systems and `go1.0.3.windows-amd64.msi` for 64-bit systems. Going all the way to the end by clicking "next", `c:/go/bin` will be added to `path`. Now just open a command line window and type `go`. You should now see the same output displayed in figure 1.1.
 
-## 第三方工具安装
+## Use third-party tools
 
 ### GVM
 
-gvm是第三方开发的Go多版本管理工具，类似ruby里面的rvm工具。使用起来相当的方便，安装gvm使用如下命令：
+GVM is a Go multi-version control tool developed by a third-party, like rvm for ruby. It's quite easy to use. Install gvm by typing the following commands in your terminal:
 
-	bash < <(curl -s -S -L https://raw.githubusercontent.com/moovweb/gvm/master/binscripts/gvm-installer)
+    bash < <(curl -s https://raw.github.com/moovweb/gvm/master/binscripts/gvm-installer)
 
-安装完成后我们就可以安装go了：
+Then we install Go using the following commands:
 
-	gvm install go1.4.2
-	gvm use go1.4.2
+    gvm install go1.0.3
+    gvm use go1.0.3
 
-也可以使用下面的命令，省去每次调用gvm use的麻烦：
-        gvm use go1.4.2 --default
-        
-执行完上面的命令之后GOPATH、GOROOT等环境变量会自动设置好，这样就可以直接使用了。
+After the process has finished, you're all set.
 
 ### apt-get
-Ubuntu是目前使用最多的Linux桌面系统，使用`apt-get`命令来管理软件包，我们可以通过下面的命令来安装Go，为了以后方便，应该把 `git` `mercurial` 也安装上：
 
-	sudo apt-get install python-software-properties
-	sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gophers/go
-	sudo apt-get update
-	sudo apt-get install golang-stable git-core mercurial
+Ubuntu is the most popular desktop release version of Linux. It uses `apt-get` to manage packages. We can install Go using the following commands.
+
+    sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gophers/go
+    sudo apt-get update
+    sudo apt-get install golang-stable
 
-### homebrew
-homebrew是Mac系统下面目前使用最多的管理软件的工具，目前已支持Go，可以通过命令直接安装Go，为了以后方便，应该把 `git` `mercurial` 也安装上：
+### Homebrew
 
-	brew update && brew upgrade
-	brew install go
-	brew install git
-	brew install mercurial
+Homebrew is a software management tool commonly used in Mac to manage packages. Just type the following commands to install Go.
 
+    brew install go
 
-## links
-   * [目录](<preface.md>)
-   * 上一节: [Go环境配置](<01.0.md>)
-   * 下一节: [GOPATH 与工作空间](<01.2.md>)
+## Links
 
-[downlink]:http://golang.org/dl/ "Go安装包下载"
+- [Directory](preface.md)
+- Previous section: [Go environment configuration](01.0.md)
+- Next section: [$GOPATH and workspace](01.2.md)