new feature: add timeout and retry layer to C++ binding

[dentiny]

Feature Description

Hi team, currently C and golang binding has enabled timeout and retry layer via C FFI here, I'm wondering if we could add them to C++ binding as well?

Context: I'm working on a DuckDB community extension to integrate OpenDAL into DuckDB filesystem (even if there're still certain limitations); having these layers will make it much more usable.

Problem and Solution

Similar to golang binding, we could expose C++ API via C.

Additional Context

N/A

Are you willing to contribute to the development of this feature?

• Yes, I am willing to contribute to the development of this feature.