diff --git a/cpp/src/arrow/dataset/file_parquet_encryption_test.cc b/cpp/src/arrow/dataset/file_parquet_encryption_test.cc
index 5547be19aed1..f6de35e3eb45 100644
--- a/cpp/src/arrow/dataset/file_parquet_encryption_test.cc
+++ b/cpp/src/arrow/dataset/file_parquet_encryption_test.cc
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
 #include "arrow/util/thread_pool.h"
 #include "parquet/arrow/reader.h"
 #include "parquet/encryption/crypto_factory.h"
+#include "parquet/encryption/encryption_internal.h"  // for EnsureBackendInitialized
 #include "parquet/encryption/kms_client.h"
 #include "parquet/encryption/test_in_memory_kms.h"