GH-49793: [R] Update NEWS.md for 24.0.0 (#49794)

### Rationale for this change

Update NEWS for 24.0.0

### What changes are included in this PR?

Update NEWS for 24.0.0

### Are these changes tested?

No

### Are there any user-facing changes?

No
* GitHub Issue: #49793

Authored-by: Nic Crane <thisisnic@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Nic Crane <thisisnic@gmail.com>

Author: thisisnic

r/NEWS.md

@@ -17,7 +17,26 @@
   under the License.
 -->
 
-# arrow 23.0.1.9000
+# arrow 24.0.0.9000
+
+# arrow 24.0.0
+
+## New features
+
+- `dplyr::when_any()` and `dplyr::when_all()` helper bindings (#49535).
+- `dplyr::filter_out()` binding (@larry77, #49256).
+- `dplyr::recode_values()`, `dplyr::replace_values()`, and `dplyr::replace_when()` bindings (#49536).
+- `write_dataset()` gains a `preserve_order` argument to preserve row ordering within partitions (@marberts, #49343).
+
+## Minor improvements and fixes
+
+- Zero-length `POSIXct` objects with integer storage (as created by `as.POSIXct(NULL)` in R 4.5.2+) are now correctly mapped to timestamp type instead of integer (#49619).
+- `all.equal()` S3 method is now correctly registered (@MichaelChirico, #49481).
+
+## Installation
+
+- arm64 (aarch64) Linux binaries are now available (#48574).
+
 # arrow 23.0.1.2
 
 ## Minor improvements and fixes