Linux DEB ODBC installer support

* Initial draft of DEB installer

* reuse script for RPM, and rename script to indicate `postinst` (postinstall)

* Add `file` to dockerfile to enable Debian installation

* Fix component settings with DEB

* Fix package name

* Clean up comments

* Fix file name

* Fix postinst variable for DEB

* Fix upload artifact file name and doc file name

Author: alinaliBQ

.github/workflows/cpp_extra.yml

@@ -390,6 +390,13 @@ jobs:
             run-options: >-
               -e ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_INSTALLER=ON
               -e ODBC_PACKAGE_FORMAT=RPM
+          - image: ubuntu-cpp-odbc
+            title: AMD64 Ubuntu DEB
+            build-type: release
+            format: deb
+            run-options: >-
+              -e ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_INSTALLER=ON
+              -e ODBC_PACKAGE_FORMAT=DEB
     env:
       ARCH: amd64
       ARCHERY_DEBUG: 1

ci/docker/ubuntu-24.04-cpp.dockerfile

@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ RUN apt-get update -y -q && \
         ccache \
         cmake \
         curl \
+        file \
         gdb \
         git \
         libbenchmark-dev \

cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -177,8 +177,16 @@ if(ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_INSTALLER)
       # Linux
       set(CPACK_PACKAGE_INSTALL_DIRECTORY "${CPACK_PACKAGE_NAME}")
       if(${ODBC_PACKAGE_FORMAT} STREQUAL "DEB")
-        # GH-49595 TODO: implement DEB installer
-        message(STATUS "ODBC_PACKAGE_FORMAT DEB not implemented, see GH-49595")
+        set(CPACK_DEBIAN_PACKAGE_ARCHITECTURE amd64)
+        set(CPACK_GENERATOR DEB)
+        set(CPACK_DEBIAN_PACKAGE_CONTROL_EXTRA
+            "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/install/linux/postinst")
+        set(CPACK_DEBIAN_FILE_NAME "${ODBC_UNIX_FILE_NAME}.deb")
+        set(CPACK_DEBIAN_PACKAGE_MAINTAINER "${CPACK_PACKAGE_CONTACT}")
+        set(CPACK_DEBIAN_PACKAGE_SHLIBDEPS OFF)
+        # Exclude Unspecified components
+        set(CPACK_DEB_COMPONENT_INSTALL ON)
+        set(CPACK_COMPONENTS_GROUPING ALL_COMPONENTS_IN_ONE)
       elseif(${ODBC_PACKAGE_FORMAT} STREQUAL "RPM")
         set(CPACK_RPM_PACKAGE_ARCHITECTURE x86_64)
         set(CPACK_GENERATOR RPM)