GH-48218: [C++][Parquet] Fix Util & Level Conversion logic on big-endian (#48219)

### Rationale for this change

This PR is intended to enable Parquet DB support on Big-endian (s390x) systems. The fix in this PR fixes the "util & level_conversion" logic.

### What changes are included in this PR?

The fix includes changes to following files:
cpp/src/parquet/level_conversion_inc.h
cpp/src/parquet/test_util.h

### Are these changes tested?

Yes. The changes are tested on s390x arch to make sure things are working fine. The fix is also tested on x86 arch, to make sure there is no new regression introduced.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

No.

GitHub main Issue link: #48151
* GitHub Issue: #48218

Authored-by: Vishwanatha-HD <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Antoine Pitrou <[email protected]>

Author: Vishwanatha-HD

cpp/src/parquet/geospatial/util_internal.cc

@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ void WKBGeometryBounder::MergeGeometry(::arrow::util::span<const uint8_t> bytes_
 
 void WKBGeometryBounder::MergeGeometryInternal(WKBBuffer* src, bool record_wkb_type) {
   uint8_t endian = src->ReadUInt8();
-#if defined(ARROW_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+#if ARROW_LITTLE_ENDIAN
   bool swap = endian != 0x01;
 #else
   bool swap = endian != 0x00;

cpp/src/parquet/level_conversion_inc.h

@@ -299,14 +299,15 @@ int64_t DefLevelsBatchToBitmap(const int16_t* def_levels, const int64_t batch_si
   ARROW_DCHECK_LE(batch_size, kExtractBitsSize);
 
   // Greater than level_info.def_level - 1 implies >= the def_level
-  auto defined_bitmap = static_cast<extract_bitmap_t>(
-      internal::GreaterThanBitmap(def_levels, batch_size, level_info.def_level - 1));
+  auto defined_bitmap = static_cast<extract_bitmap_t>(::arrow::bit_util::FromLittleEndian(
+      internal::GreaterThanBitmap(def_levels, batch_size, level_info.def_level - 1)));
 
   if (has_repeated_parent) {
     // Greater than level_info.repeated_ancestor_def_level - 1 implies >= the
     // repeated_ancestor_def_level
-    auto present_bitmap = static_cast<extract_bitmap_t>(internal::GreaterThanBitmap(
-        def_levels, batch_size, level_info.repeated_ancestor_def_level - 1));
+    auto present_bitmap = static_cast<extract_bitmap_t>(
+        ::arrow::bit_util::FromLittleEndian(internal::GreaterThanBitmap(
+            def_levels, batch_size, level_info.repeated_ancestor_def_level - 1)));
     auto selected_bits = ExtractBits(defined_bitmap, present_bitmap);
     int64_t selected_count = ::arrow::bit_util::PopCount(present_bitmap);
     if (ARROW_PREDICT_FALSE(selected_count > upper_bound_remaining)) {

cpp/src/parquet/test_util.h

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 #include "arrow/extension_type.h"
 #include "arrow/io/memory.h"
 #include "arrow/testing/util.h"
+#include "arrow/util/endian.h"
 #include "arrow/util/float16.h"
 
 #include "parquet/column_page.h"
@@ -319,8 +320,9 @@ class DataPageBuilder {
     encoder.Encode(static_cast<int>(levels.size()), levels.data());
 
     int32_t rle_bytes = encoder.len();
+    int32_t rle_bytes_le = ::arrow::bit_util::ToLittleEndian(rle_bytes);
     PARQUET_THROW_NOT_OK(
-        sink_->Write(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(&rle_bytes), sizeof(int32_t)));
+        sink_->Write(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(&rle_bytes_le), sizeof(int32_t)));
     PARQUET_THROW_NOT_OK(sink_->Write(encode_buffer.data(), rle_bytes));
   }
 };
@@ -835,7 +837,7 @@ inline void GenerateData<FLBA>(int num_values, FLBA* out, std::vector<uint8_t>*
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Test utility functions for geometry
 
-#if defined(ARROW_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+#if ARROW_LITTLE_ENDIAN
 static constexpr uint8_t kWkbNativeEndianness = 0x01;
 #else
 static constexpr uint8_t kWkbNativeEndianness = 0x00;