Java SDK: Pass Context to tasks

[uranusjr]

Body

I merged it in the private repo but somehow it’s not present in #65956. We’ll add this later since I want to change other things in the SDK that’d cause conflicts.

Committer

• I acknowledge that I am a maintainer/committer of the Apache Airflow project.

[jason810496]

I merged it in the private repo but somehow it’s not present

I forget to cherry-pick this one. However, it's seems we're going to make more change on the public interface. I will defer the cherry-pick until we settle down how the final interface looks like.

[uranusjr]

Done in fdb38ca