diff --git a/cli/Cargo.lock b/cli/Cargo.lock
index 001e6a1..c0a7170 100644
--- a/cli/Cargo.lock
+++ b/cli/Cargo.lock
@@ -4,12 +4,13 @@ version = 4
 
 [[package]]
 name = "alsa"
-version = "0.9.0"
+version = "0.10.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "37fe60779335388a88c01ac6c3be40304d1e349de3ada3b15f7808bb90fa9dce"
+checksum = "7c88dbbce13b232b26250e1e2e6ac18b6a891a646b8148285036ebce260ac5c3"
 dependencies = [
  "alsa-sys",
  "bitflags 2.6.0",
+ "cfg-if",
  "libc",
 ]
 
@@ -47,6 +48,15 @@ version = "2.6.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b048fb63fd8b5923fc5aa7b340d8e156aec7ec02f0c78fa8a6ddc2613f6f71de"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "block2"
+version = "0.6.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "cdeb9d870516001442e364c5220d3574d2da8dc765554b4a617230d33fa58ef5"
+dependencies = [
+ "objc2",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "bumpalo"
 version = "3.16.0"
@@ -107,9 +117,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cpal"
-version = "0.16.0"
+version = "0.17.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "cbd307f43cc2a697e2d1f8bc7a1d824b5269e052209e28883e5bc04d095aaa3f"
+checksum = "58ceb96745bc9bbcf1f7eb1267ee03045275fa0cc82a4b34d8534ffdcaf657c3"
 dependencies = [
  "alsa",
  "coreaudio-rs",
@@ -122,9 +132,13 @@ dependencies = [
  "ndk-context",
  "num-derive",
  "num-traits",
+ "objc2",
  "objc2-audio-toolbox",
+ "objc2-avf-audio",
  "objc2-core-audio",
  "objc2-core-audio-types",
+ "objc2-core-foundation",
+ "objc2-foundation",
  "wasm-bindgen",
  "wasm-bindgen-futures",
  "web-sys",
@@ -235,9 +249,9 @@ checksum = "a7a70ba024b9dc04c27ea2f0c0548feb474ec5c54bba33a7f72f873a39d07b24"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "mach2"
-version = "0.4.2"
+version = "0.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "19b955cdeb2a02b9117f121ce63aa52d08ade45de53e48fe6a38b39c10f6f709"
+checksum = "6a1b95cd5421ec55b445b5ae102f5ea0e768de1f82bd3001e11f426c269c3aea"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
@@ -320,9 +334,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "objc2"
-version = "0.6.1"
+version = "0.6.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "88c6597e14493ab2e44ce58f2fdecf095a51f12ca57bec060a11c57332520551"
+checksum = "b7c2599ce0ec54857b29ce62166b0ed9b4f6f1a70ccc9a71165b6154caca8c05"
 dependencies = [
  "objc2-encode",
 ]
@@ -342,6 +356,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "objc2-foundation",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "objc2-avf-audio"
+version = "0.3.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bfc1d11521c211a7ebe17739fc806719da41f56c6b3f949d9861b459188ce910"
+dependencies = [
+ "objc2",
+ "objc2-foundation",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "objc2-core-audio"
 version = "0.3.1"
@@ -352,6 +376,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "objc2",
  "objc2-core-audio-types",
  "objc2-core-foundation",
+ "objc2-foundation",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -371,7 +396,9 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "1c10c2894a6fed806ade6027bcd50662746363a9589d3ec9d9bef30a4e4bc166"
 dependencies = [
  "bitflags 2.6.0",
+ "block2",
  "dispatch2",
+ "libc",
  "objc2",
 ]
 
@@ -387,7 +414,11 @@ version = "0.3.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "900831247d2fe1a09a683278e5384cfb8c80c79fe6b166f9d14bfdde0ea1b03c"
 dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.6.0",
+ "block2",
+ "libc",
  "objc2",
+ "objc2-core-foundation",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -596,31 +627,103 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows"
-version = "0.54.0"
+version = "0.62.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9252e5725dbed82865af151df558e754e4a3c2c30818359eb17465f1346a1b49"
+checksum = "527fadee13e0c05939a6a05d5bd6eec6cd2e3dbd648b9f8e447c6518133d8580"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-collections",
+ "windows-core",
+ "windows-future",
+ "windows-numerics",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-collections"
+version = "0.3.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "23b2d95af1a8a14a3c7367e1ed4fc9c20e0a26e79551b1454d72583c97cc6610"
 dependencies = [
  "windows-core",
- "windows-targets 0.52.6",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-core"
-version = "0.54.0"
+version = "0.62.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "12661b9c89351d684a50a8a643ce5f608e20243b9fb84687800163429f161d65"
+checksum = "b8e83a14d34d0623b51dce9581199302a221863196a1dde71a7663a4c2be9deb"
 dependencies = [
+ "windows-implement",
+ "windows-interface",
+ "windows-link",
  "windows-result",
- "windows-targets 0.52.6",
+ "windows-strings",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-future"
+version = "0.3.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e1d6f90251fe18a279739e78025bd6ddc52a7e22f921070ccdc67dde84c605cb"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-core",
+ "windows-link",
+ "windows-threading",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-implement"
+version = "0.60.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "053e2e040ab57b9dc951b72c264860db7eb3b0200ba345b4e4c3b14f67855ddf"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-interface"
+version = "0.59.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3f316c4a2570ba26bbec722032c4099d8c8bc095efccdc15688708623367e358"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-link"
+version = "0.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f0805222e57f7521d6a62e36fa9163bc891acd422f971defe97d64e70d0a4fe5"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-numerics"
+version = "0.3.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6e2e40844ac143cdb44aead537bbf727de9b044e107a0f1220392177d15b0f26"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-core",
+ "windows-link",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-result"
-version = "0.1.2"
+version = "0.4.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5e383302e8ec8515204254685643de10811af0ed97ea37210dc26fb0032647f8"
+checksum = "7781fa89eaf60850ac3d2da7af8e5242a5ea78d1a11c49bf2910bb5a73853eb5"
 dependencies = [
- "windows-targets 0.52.6",
+ "windows-link",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-strings"
+version = "0.5.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7837d08f69c77cf6b07689544538e017c1bfcf57e34b4c0ff58e6c2cd3b37091"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-link",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -672,6 +775,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows_x86_64_msvc 0.52.6",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-threading"
+version = "0.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3949bd5b99cafdf1c7ca86b43ca564028dfe27d66958f2470940f73d86d75b37"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-link",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_aarch64_gnullvm"
 version = "0.42.2"
diff --git a/cli/Cargo.toml b/cli/Cargo.toml
index d3acc03..1ed18f4 100644
--- a/cli/Cargo.toml
+++ b/cli/Cargo.toml
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ synth = { path = '../synth' }
 
 anyhow = {version = "1.0"}
 crossbeam-channel = "0.5.15"
-cpal = "0.16.0"
+cpal = "0.17.0"
 
 
 [profile.dev.package."*"]
diff --git a/cli/src/main.rs b/cli/src/main.rs
index 81170ad..5c2b084 100644
--- a/cli/src/main.rs
+++ b/cli/src/main.rs
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ fn setup_sound(rx: crossbeam_channel::Receiver<MidiCommand>) -> Result<Stream> {
     println!("Default output config: {:?}", config);
 
     // construct the sound engine instance
-    let engine = Engine::new(rx, config.sample_rate().0 as f32);
+    let engine = Engine::new(rx, config.sample_rate() as f32);
 
     match config.sample_format() {
         cpal::SampleFormat::F32 => construct_stream::<f32>(&device, &config.into(), engine),