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Math Functions in JavaScript with ES6+

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction to Math Functions
  2. Common Math Functions
  3. ES6+ Math Functions
  4. Examples

Introduction to Math Functions

The Math object in JavaScript provides a collection of built-in functions and constants for performing mathematical operations. With the introduction of ES6, JavaScript added several new features and methods to the Math object, making it more powerful and flexible.

Common Math Functions

Basic Functions

Function Description Example
Math.abs(x) Returns the absolute value of x Math.abs(-5); // 5
Math.ceil(x) Returns the smallest integer greater than or equal to x Math.ceil(4.2); // 5
Math.floor(x) Returns the largest integer less than or equal to x Math.floor(4.7); // 4
Math.round(x) Returns the value of x rounded to the nearest integer Math.round(4.5); // 5
Math.max(x1, x2, ..., xn) Returns the largest of zero or more numbers Math.max(1, 3, 2); // 3
Math.min(x1, x2, ..., xn) Returns the smallest of zero or more numbers Math.min(1, 3, 2); // 1
Math.pow(x, y) Returns x raised to the power of y Math.pow(2, 3); // 8
Math.sqrt(x) Returns the square root of x Math.sqrt(9); // 3

Trigonometric Functions

Function Description Example
Math.sin(x) Returns the sine of x (in radians) Math.sin(Math.PI / 2); // 1
Math.cos(x) Returns the cosine of x (in radians) Math.cos(Math.PI); // -1
Math.tan(x) Returns the tangent of x (in radians) Math.tan(Math.PI / 4); // 1
Math.asin(x) Returns the arcsine of x (in radians) Math.asin(1); // Math.PI / 2
Math.acos(x) Returns the arccosine of x (in radians) Math.acos(1); // 0
Math.atan(x) Returns the arctangent of x (in radians) Math.atan(1); // Math.PI / 4

Logarithmic Functions

Function Description Example
Math.log(x) Returns the natural logarithm (base e) of x Math.log(Math.E); // 1
Math.log10(x) Returns the base 10 logarithm of x Math.log10(100); // 2
Math.log2(x) Returns the base 2 logarithm of x Math.log2(8); // 3

Random Number Functions

Function Description Example
Math.random() Returns a floating-point, pseudo-random number in the range [0, 1) Math.random(); // e.g., 0.54321

ES6+ Math Functions

Additional Functions

Function Description Example
Math.sign(x) Returns the sign of x, indicating whether x is positive, negative, or zero Math.sign(-5); // -1
Math.trunc(x) Returns the integer part of x by removing any fractional digits Math.trunc(4.9); // 4
Math.cbrt(x) Returns the cube root of x Math.cbrt(27); // 3
Math.hypot(x1, x2, ..., xn) Returns the square root of the sum of squares of its arguments Math.hypot(3, 4); // 5

Constants

Constant Description Example
Math.PI Returns the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter (approximately 3.14159) Math.PI; // 3.141592653589793
Math.E Returns Euler's number (approximately 2.718) Math.E; // 2.718281828459045
Math.SQRT2 Returns the square root of 2 (approximately 1.414) Math.SQRT2; // 1.4142135623730951
Math.SQRT1_2 Returns the square root of 1/2 (approximately 0.707) Math.SQRT1_2; // 0.7071067811865476

Examples

Generating Random Numbers

javascript const randomNum = Math.random(); console.log(randomNum); // e.g., 0.54321

const randomInt = Math.floor(Math.random() * 10); // Random integer between 0 and 9 console.log(randomInt); // e.g., 7

const randomInt = Math.floor(Math.random() * 10); // Random integer between 0 and 9
console.log(randomInt); // e.g., 7

Calculating Squares and Cubes

const square = Math.pow(2, 2); // 4
const cube = Math.pow(3, 3); // 27

Calculating Angles

const angle = Math.PI / 4; // 45 degrees
const sin = Math.sin(angle); // 0.7071067811865476
const cos = Math.cos(angle); // 0.7071067811865476
const tan = Math.tan(angle); // 1

Finding the Hypotenuse

const a = 3;
const b = 4;
const c = Math.hypot(a, b); // 5

Tip

Use Math.random() for generating random numbers. Leverage trigonometric functions for angle calculations. Use logarithmic functions for scaling and normalization. Always consider the precision and performance implications of mathematical operations.

[EOF]