diff --git a/app/admin.py b/app/admin.py
index 113ffa0c..8cf19fd9 100644
--- a/app/admin.py
+++ b/app/admin.py
@@ -98,10 +98,19 @@ def _show_by_option(self, obj: NaturalPerson | None, option: str, detail: str):
             return option, detail
         return option
 
-    def _get_permission_display(self, obj: NaturalPerson | None, perm_key: str):
+    def _get_permission_display(self, request, obj: NaturalPerson | None, perm_key: str):
+        # 在新增表单(obj is None)时返回表单字段名；
+        # 在展示已存在对象时：如果当前用户有编辑权限则返回表单字段名，
+        # 否则返回只读展示方法名 `perm_<key>`。
         if obj is None:
             return perm_key
-        return perm_key
+        try:
+            if self.has_change_permission(request, obj):
+                return perm_key
+        except Exception:
+            # 如果调用方未传入 request 或出现异常，降级为只读展示
+            pass
+        return f'perm_{perm_key}'
 
     def get_normal_fields(self, request, obj: NaturalPerson = None):
         _m = NaturalPerson
@@ -116,7 +125,8 @@ def get_normal_fields(self, request, obj: NaturalPerson = None):
             f(_m.accept_promote), f(_m.active_score),
         ])
         for perm_config in PERMISSION_CONFIG:
-            fields.append(self._get_permission_display(obj, perm_config['key']))
+            fields.append(self._get_permission_display(
+                request, obj, perm_config['key']))
         return fields
 
     def get_student_fields(self, request, obj: NaturalPerson = None):
@@ -262,6 +272,28 @@ def _handle_permission(self, request, queryset, perm_key, grant):
         if not perm_config:
             return self.message_user(request=request, message='权限配置不存在!', level='error')
         
+        # 检查操作者是否有对应的权限检查方法或为超级用户
+        checker_name = f'has_{perm_key}_permission'
+        has_perm_fn = getattr(self, checker_name, None)
+        if has_perm_fn is None:
+            # 若未定义专门的权限检查，则仅允许超级用户操作
+            if not request.user.is_superuser:
+                return self.message_user(request=request,
+                                         message='操作失败,没有权限,请联系老师!',
+                                         level='warning')
+        else:
+            try:
+                if not has_perm_fn(request):
+                    return self.message_user(request=request,
+                                             message='操作失败,没有权限,请联系老师!',
+                                             level='warning')
+            except TypeError:
+                # 兼容 has_*_permission 可能接受 (request, obj) 两种签名
+                if not has_perm_fn(request, None):
+                    return self.message_user(request=request,
+                                             message='操作失败,没有权限,请联系老师!',
+                                             level='warning')
+
         for person in queryset:
             if grant:
                 person.grant_permission(perm_key)
@@ -271,18 +303,30 @@ def _handle_permission(self, request, queryset, perm_key, grant):
         action = '赋予' if grant else '收回'
         return self.message_user(request=request, message=f'修改成功!已{action}{perm_config["name"]}!')
 
-# 为每个权限创建grant和revoke方法
+# 为每个权限创建grant和revoke方法，并为动作添加权限检查与描述
 for perm_config in PERMISSION_CONFIG:
     perm_key = perm_config['key']
-    
+    perm_name = perm_config.get('name', perm_key)
+
+    @as_action(f'赋予 {perm_name}', permissions=perm_key)
     def grant_method(self, request, queryset, key=perm_key):
         return self._handle_permission(request, queryset, key, True)
-    
+
+    @as_action(f'收回 {perm_name}', permissions=perm_key)
     def revoke_method(self, request, queryset, key=perm_key):
         return self._handle_permission(request, queryset, key, False)
-    
+
     setattr(NaturalPersonAdmin, f'grant_{perm_key}', grant_method)
     setattr(NaturalPersonAdmin, f'revoke_{perm_key}', revoke_method)
+    # 为每个权限创建只读显示方法
+    def _perm_display(self, obj, key=perm_key):
+        try:
+            return bool(obj.has_permission(key))
+        except Exception:
+            return False
+    _perm_display.short_description = perm_name
+    _perm_display.boolean = True
+    setattr(NaturalPersonAdmin, f'perm_{perm_key}', _perm_display)
 
 @admin.register(Freshman)
 class FreshmanAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):