|
| 1 | +""" |
| 2 | +== Perfect Number == |
| 3 | +In number theory, a perfect number is a positive integer that is equal to the sum of |
| 4 | +its positive divisors, excluding the number itself. |
| 5 | +For example: 6 ==> divisors[1, 2, 3, 6] |
| 6 | + Excluding 6, the sum(divisors) is 1 + 2 + 3 = 6 |
| 7 | + So, 6 is a Perfect Number |
| 8 | +
|
| 9 | +Other examples of Perfect Numbers: 28, 486, ... |
| 10 | +
|
| 11 | +https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfect_number |
| 12 | +""" |
| 13 | + |
| 14 | + |
| 15 | +def perfect(number: int) -> bool: |
| 16 | + """ |
| 17 | + Check if a number is a perfect number. |
| 18 | +
|
| 19 | + A perfect number is a positive integer that is equal to the sum of its proper |
| 20 | + divisors (excluding itself). |
| 21 | +
|
| 22 | + Args: |
| 23 | + number: The number to be checked. |
| 24 | +
|
| 25 | + Returns: |
| 26 | + True if the number is a perfect number otherwise, False. |
| 27 | + Start from 1 because dividing by 0 will raise ZeroDivisionError. |
| 28 | + A number at most can be divisible by the half of the number except the number |
| 29 | + itself. For example, 6 is at most can be divisible by 3 except by 6 itself. |
| 30 | + Examples: |
| 31 | + >>> perfect(27) |
| 32 | + False |
| 33 | + >>> perfect(28) |
| 34 | + True |
| 35 | + >>> perfect(29) |
| 36 | + False |
| 37 | + >>> perfect(6) |
| 38 | + True |
| 39 | + >>> perfect(12) |
| 40 | + False |
| 41 | + >>> perfect(496) |
| 42 | + True |
| 43 | + >>> perfect(8128) |
| 44 | + True |
| 45 | + >>> perfect(0) |
| 46 | + False |
| 47 | + >>> perfect(-1) |
| 48 | + False |
| 49 | + >>> perfect(12.34) |
| 50 | + Traceback (most recent call last): |
| 51 | + ... |
| 52 | + ValueError: number must an integer |
| 53 | + >>> perfect("Hello") |
| 54 | + Traceback (most recent call last): |
| 55 | + ... |
| 56 | + ValueError: number must an integer |
| 57 | + """ |
| 58 | + if not isinstance(number, int): |
| 59 | + raise ValueError("number must an integer") |
| 60 | + if number <= 0: |
| 61 | + return False |
| 62 | + return sum(i for i in range(1, number // 2 + 1) if number % i == 0) == number |
| 63 | + |
| 64 | + |
| 65 | +if __name__ == "__main__": |
| 66 | + from doctest import testmod |
| 67 | + |
| 68 | + testmod() |
| 69 | + print("Program to check whether a number is a Perfect number or not...") |
| 70 | + try: |
| 71 | + number = int(input("Enter a positive integer: ").strip()) |
| 72 | + except ValueError: |
| 73 | + msg = "number must an integer" |
| 74 | + print(msg) |
| 75 | + raise ValueError(msg) |
| 76 | + |
| 77 | + print(f"{number} is {'' if perfect(number) else 'not '}a Perfect Number.") |
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