remote CLI: add configurable connect timeout for initial TCP connection

[Timi16]

Problem

Initial remote connection timeout is not user-configurable from CLI. On restricted networks, connect attempts can feel hung or fail unpredictably.

Evidence:

• CLI exposes no connect-timeout flag: src/cli/args.rs:1049-1068
• Remote troubleshooting discusses connect-timeout scenarios: docs/remote-troubleshooting.md:10,61

Files to change

• src/cli/args.rs
• src/cli/commands.rs
• src/client/remote_client.rs
• docs/remote-troubleshooting.md

Acceptance criteria

• Add --connect-timeout-ms (or equivalent) for remote CLI.
• Connection errors clearly indicate timeout vs auth/protocol mismatch.
• Tests validate timeout path behavior.

[amehsamuel200225-sketch]

@amehsamuel200225-sketch has applied to work on this issue as part of the Stellar Wave Program's 3rd wave.

Hi my name is Ameh Samuel, a software engineer I will like to work on this issue, it is something similar to an issue I have worked on before.

ℹ️ Repo Maintainers: To accept this application, review their application or assign @amehsamuel200225-sketch to this issue.

[drips-wave]

Congratulations, @amehsamuel200225-sketch! 🎉 Your application was accepted by the repo's maintainers, and the issue is due on March 30, 2026.

🧑‍💻 @amehsamuel200225-sketch: Please resolve the issue such that the repo's maintainers have enough time to review your contribution before the due date. You'll earn Points for completing the issue on-time, which will make you eligible for a share of the Stellar Wave Program's reward pool.

Warning

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[drips-wave]

This issue has been removed from the Stellar Wave Program by the repository maintainers.

@amehsamuel200225-sketch, you have been unassigned from this issue. If you have any questions, please reach out to the repo maintainers.