Part 10: Saving and loading

Author: jmccardle

.gitignore

@@ -216,3 +216,4 @@ Temporary Items
 
 # Saved games
 *.sav
+*.sav

game/color.py

@@ -19,4 +19,8 @@
 bar_filled = (0x0, 0x60, 0x0)
 bar_empty = (0x40, 0x10, 0x10)
 
-red = (0xFF, 0x00, 0x00)
+menu_title = (255, 255, 63)
+menu_text = white
+
+red = (0xFF, 0x00, 0x00)
+error = (0xFF, 0x40, 0x40)

game/engine.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import lzma
+import pickle
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
 import tcod
@@ -20,9 +22,6 @@ def __init__(self, player: game.entity.Entity):
         self.player = player
         self.mouse_location = (0, 0)
         self.message_log = game.message_log.MessageLog()
-        self.message_log.add_message(
-            "Hello and welcome, adventurer, to yet another dungeon!", game.color.welcome_text
-        )
 
     def update_fov(self) -> None:
         """Recompute the visible area based on the players point of view."""
@@ -53,3 +52,9 @@ def render(self, console: tcod.console.Console) -> None:
         )
 
         game.render_functions.render_names_at_mouse_location(console=console, x=21, y=44, engine=self)
+    
+    def save_as(self, filename: str) -> None:
+        """Save this Engine instance as a compressed file."""
+        save_data = lzma.compress(pickle.dumps(self))
+        with open(filename, "wb") as f:
+            f.write(save_data)

game/exceptions.py

@@ -2,4 +2,8 @@ class Impossible(Exception):
     """Exception raised when an action is impossible to be performed.
 
     The reason is given as the exception message.
-    """
+    """
+
+
+class QuitWithoutSaving(SystemExit):
+    """Can be raised to exit the game without automatically saving."""

game/input_handlers.py

@@ -363,9 +363,9 @@ def ev_keydown(self, event: tcod.event.KeyDown) -> Optional[ActionOrHandler]:
 
     def ev_mousebuttondown(self, event: tcod.event.MouseButtonDown) -> Optional[ActionOrHandler]:
         """Left click confirms a selection."""
-        if self.engine.game_map.in_bounds(*event.tile):
+        if self.engine.game_map.in_bounds(int(event.position.x), int(event.position.y)):
             if event.button == 1:
-                return self.on_index_selected(*event.tile)
+                return self.on_index_selected(int(event.position.x), int(event.position.y))
         return super().ev_mousebuttondown(event)
 
     def on_index_selected(self, x: int, y: int) -> Optional[ActionOrHandler]:
@@ -427,3 +427,30 @@ def on_render(self, console: tcod.console.Console) -> None:
 
     def on_index_selected(self, x: int, y: int) -> Optional[game.actions.Action]:
         return self.callback((x, y))
+
+
+class PopupMessage(BaseEventHandler):
+    """Display a popup text window."""
+
+    def __init__(self, parent_handler: BaseEventHandler, text: str):
+        self.parent = parent_handler
+        self.text = text
+
+    def on_render(self, console: tcod.console.Console) -> None:
+        """Render the parent and dim the result, then print the message on top."""
+        self.parent.on_render(console)
+        console.rgb["fg"] //= 8
+        console.rgb["bg"] //= 8
+
+        console.print(
+            console.width // 2,
+            console.height // 2,
+            self.text,
+            fg=game.color.white,
+            bg=game.color.black,
+            alignment=tcod.CENTER,
+        )
+
+    def ev_keydown(self, event: tcod.event.KeyDown) -> Optional[BaseEventHandler]:
+        """Any key returns to the parent handler."""
+        return self.parent

game/setup_game.py

@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+"""Handle the loading and initialization of game sessions."""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import copy
+import lzma
+import pickle
+import traceback
+from typing import Optional
+
+from tcod import libtcodpy
+import tcod
+
+import game.color
+import game.engine
+import game.entity_factories
+import game.game_map
+import game.input_handlers
+import game.procgen
+
+
+# Load the background image and remove the alpha channel.
+try:
+    background_image = tcod.image.load("data/menu_background.png")[:, :, :3]
+except FileNotFoundError:
+    # Create a placeholder background if image is missing
+    import numpy as np
+    background_image = np.zeros((80, 50, 3), dtype=np.uint8)
+
+
+def new_game() -> game.engine.Engine:
+    """Return a brand new game session as an Engine instance."""
+    map_width = 80
+    map_height = 43
+
+    room_max_size = 10
+    room_min_size = 6
+    max_rooms = 30
+
+    max_monsters_per_room = 2
+    max_items_per_room = 2
+
+    player = copy.deepcopy(game.entity_factories.player)
+
+    engine = game.engine.Engine(player=player)
+
+    engine.game_map = game.procgen.generate_dungeon(
+        max_rooms=max_rooms,
+        room_min_size=room_min_size,
+        room_max_size=room_max_size,
+        map_width=map_width,
+        map_height=map_height,
+        max_monsters_per_room=max_monsters_per_room,
+        max_items_per_room=max_items_per_room,
+        engine=engine,
+    )
+    engine.update_fov()
+
+    engine.message_log.add_message(
+        "Hello and welcome, adventurer, to yet another dungeon!", game.color.welcome_text
+    )
+    return engine
+
+
+def load_game(filename: str) -> game.engine.Engine:
+    """Load an Engine instance from a file."""
+    with open(filename, "rb") as f:
+        engine = pickle.loads(lzma.decompress(f.read()))
+    assert isinstance(engine, game.engine.Engine)
+    return engine
+
+
+class MainMenu(game.input_handlers.BaseEventHandler):
+    """Handle the main menu rendering and input."""
+
+    def on_render(self, console: tcod.console.Console) -> None:
+        """Render the main menu on a background image."""
+        console.draw_semigraphics(background_image, 0, 0)
+
+        console.print(
+            console.width // 2,
+            console.height // 2 - 4,
+            "TOMBS OF THE ANCIENT KINGS",
+            fg=game.color.menu_title,
+            alignment=libtcodpy.CENTER,
+        )
+        console.print(
+            console.width // 2,
+            console.height - 2,
+            "By (Your name here)",
+            fg=game.color.menu_title,
+            alignment=libtcodpy.CENTER,
+        )
+
+        menu_width = 24
+        for i, text in enumerate(
+            ["[N] Play a new game", "[C] Continue last game", "[Q] Quit"]
+        ):
+            console.print(
+                console.width // 2,
+                console.height // 2 - 2 + i,
+                text.ljust(menu_width),
+                fg=game.color.menu_text,
+                bg=game.color.black,
+                alignment=libtcodpy.CENTER,
+                bg_blend=libtcodpy.BKGND_ALPHA(64),
+            )
+
+    def ev_keydown(
+        self, event: tcod.event.KeyDown
+    ) -> Optional[game.input_handlers.BaseEventHandler]:
+        if event.sym in (tcod.event.KeySym.Q, tcod.event.KeySym.ESCAPE):
+            raise SystemExit()
+        elif event.sym == tcod.event.KeySym.C:
+            try:
+                return game.input_handlers.MainGameEventHandler(load_game("savegame.sav"))
+            except FileNotFoundError:
+                return game.input_handlers.PopupMessage(self, "No saved game to load.")
+            except Exception as exc:
+                traceback.print_exc()  # Print to stderr.
+                return game.input_handlers.PopupMessage(self, f"Failed to load save:\n{exc}")
+        elif event.sym == tcod.event.KeySym.N:
+            return game.input_handlers.MainGameEventHandler(new_game())
+
+        return None

main.py

@@ -1,50 +1,30 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
-import copy
+import traceback
 
 import tcod
 
-import game.engine
-import game.entity_factories
-import game.game_map
+import game.color
+import game.exceptions
 import game.input_handlers
-import game.procgen
+import game.setup_game
+
+
+def save_game(handler: game.input_handlers.BaseEventHandler, filename: str) -> None:
+    """If the current event handler has an active Engine then save it."""
+    if isinstance(handler, game.input_handlers.EventHandler):
+        handler.engine.save_as(filename)
+        print("Game saved.")
 
 
 def main() -> None:
     screen_width = 80
     screen_height = 50
 
-    map_width = 80
-    map_height = 45
-
-    room_max_size = 10
-    room_min_size = 6
-    max_rooms = 30
-    max_monsters_per_room = 2
-    max_items_per_room = 2
-
     tileset = tcod.tileset.load_tilesheet(
         "data/dejavu10x10_gs_tc.png", 32, 8, tcod.tileset.CHARMAP_TCOD
     )
 
-    player = copy.deepcopy(game.entity_factories.player)
-    
-    engine = game.engine.Engine(player=player)
-
-    engine.game_map = game.procgen.generate_dungeon(
-        max_rooms=max_rooms,
-        room_min_size=room_min_size,
-        room_max_size=room_max_size,
-        map_width=map_width,
-        map_height=map_height,
-        max_monsters_per_room=max_monsters_per_room,
-        max_items_per_room=max_items_per_room,
-        engine=engine,
-    )
-    engine.update_fov()
-    
-    # Part 10 refactoring: Track handler in main loop
-    handler: game.input_handlers.BaseEventHandler = game.input_handlers.MainGameEventHandler(engine)
+    handler: game.input_handlers.BaseEventHandler = game.setup_game.MainMenu()
 
     with tcod.context.new(
         columns=screen_width,
@@ -54,17 +34,35 @@ def main() -> None:
         vsync=True,
     ) as context:
         root_console = tcod.console.Console(screen_width, screen_height, order="F")
-        while True:
-            root_console.clear()
-            handler.on_render(console=root_console)
-            context.present(root_console)
-            
-            # Part 10 refactoring: Handler manages its own state transitions
-            for event in tcod.event.wait():
-                # libtcodpy deprecation: convert mouse events
-                if isinstance(event, tcod.event.MouseMotion):
-                    event = context.convert_event(event)
-                handler = handler.handle_events(event)
+        try:
+            while True:
+                root_console.clear()
+                handler.on_render(console=root_console)
+                context.present(root_console)
+                
+                try:
+                    for event in tcod.event.wait():
+                        # libtcodpy deprecation: convert mouse events
+                        if isinstance(event, tcod.event.MouseMotion) or \
+                           isinstance(event, tcod.event.MouseButtonUp) or \
+                           isinstance(event, tcod.event.MouseButtonDown):
+                            event = context.convert_event(event)
+                        handler = handler.handle_events(event)
+                except Exception:  # Handle exceptions in game.
+                    traceback.print_exc()  # Print error to stderr.
+                    # Then print the error to the message log.
+                    if isinstance(handler, game.input_handlers.EventHandler):
+                        handler.engine.message_log.add_message(
+                            traceback.format_exc(), game.color.error
+                        )
+        except game.exceptions.QuitWithoutSaving:
+            raise
+        except SystemExit:  # Save and quit.
+            save_game(handler, "savegame.sav")
+            raise
+        except BaseException:  # Save on any other unexpected exception.
+            save_game(handler, "savegame.sav")
+            raise
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":