Automatically build and upload Docker containers

[mrp089]

Problem

Sometimes, we will need to rebuild the Docker images that are hosted on Docker Hub, e.g., when external versions change. This is currently done manually.

Solution

Have a GitHub workflow that automatically runs the Dockerfiles and uploads the images to Docker hub when triggered. This doesn't need to happen with every pull request since it's unnecessary and resource-consuming. Rather, the action would need to figure out for itself when it's necessary to trigger a rebuild.

4C has an action to check if a Docker rebuild is required. I think they do that by comparing the hashes of their dependencies.

Additional context

See the discussion in #308.

Code of Conduct

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