SWR302.txt

What is NOT true about Fundamentals of software process improvement | Software process improvement is not necessary because it makes software development cost more
Which could requirements be reused in the scope of cross an enterprise | Security requirements , Constraints , Business rules
Which is the CORRECT statements that descnbe about background section in the template of Vision and scope document? | The background summanzes the important business
With statements are true | should start by brainstorming as many user classes as you can tt sponsor who he expects to use the system
Requirements are missed during elicitation that does not relate the software projects shooklril be finished on time | False
Software requirements specification template a be long to | Requirements Development Process Assets
Which is NOT a basic element of Plan when you do repuiremenls elicitation on your project? | Keep everyone engaged
What is true about Sources of trace link intonation | All above answers are true
Mach could requirements be reused in the scope across on an enterprise | Security requirements , Constraints , Business rules
Which techniques should not to be used for the Embedded software project when you do requirements elicitation | System interlace analysis
To understand user tasks and goals and the business objectives with which those tasks align the BA should discuss vv. users at which | Elicitation
the use of traceability lades helps to | identify, control, and track requirements changes
Proposed requirements changes are before being commrtled to. | thoughtfully evaluated
Requirement attributes include: | 1, 2, 3, 4
Which statement CORRECT describe the term user story? | A format to capture user requirements on agile projects in the form of one or two
What Is considered the traditional means or requirements elicitation? | Interviews
Impact analysis procedure and template are not necessary for change impact analysis | False
is the process of examining a project to identify potential threats | Risk assessment
Which is the most appropriate way when you want to resolve the disagreement requirement | Product owner or product champion for the user class decides
Which is(are) the characteristics of product backlog? | Multiple teams can work on a single product backlog.
Choose true sentence about links in the requirements chain | Requirements are related to each other
Wien analysis mcdel you should use when the customers present their requirements using Noun? | Entities or thou attributes (ERD)
Which tip is NOT belong to Interviews technique when you do requirements elicitation? | Fill all of the team roles
Which is the CORRECT statements that describe about business objectives section in the template of Vision and scope document? | the important business benefits the product will
According to Halle and Goldberg 2010 in Software Requirements, third edition; which is NOT a basic types of business rule? | References
According to Karl Wiegers and Joy Beatty in the book Software Requirements, | System requirement
The change control board charter includes: | 1, 2
What sentence is not true about requirements changes? | Requirements changes do not affect requirement effort
A throwaway prototype is most appropriate when: | Users , Have ,The gaps ,the team
Which of the following is not a type of software requirement? | Complexity
A listed acceptance criteria to fulfil certain requirements of a user and normally written from the perspective of an end-user. This is a | user story
Which is NOT the main audience of the software requirements specification document? | The competitor. who want to steal the data of the software system
Which is the generic template for a requirement written from the system's perspective? | [optional precondition] [optional trigger event]
Customers have the responsibility to: | 1, 2, 4
Which of the following is most true about a non-functional requirement? | is highly sensitive to the system architecture
Which analysis model you should use when the customers present their requirements using Conditional? | Which analysis model you should use when the customers present their requirements using Conditional?
Which is not a reuse success factor? | National culture
Which is the most appropriate way when you want to resolve the disagreement requirement | Segment with greatest impact on business success gets preference
Which of the following property is least critical to the interaction between process actors and the requirements process? | the education of the actor
Which is the correct definition of the term business rule based on the information system perspective? | It is intended to assert business
What types of process assets are correct about requirements engineering process assets? | Template, Cost Evaluating
The following statements are true or false? Anywhere there are functions. there is data. Software functionality is specified to create | False
What sentence is correct? A Both others are true | Both others are true
Which template fit with the example requirement written based on the user's perspective? | The [user class or actor name] shall be able to
When to use notation TBD (to be determined) in software requirements specification? | When you dealing with incompleteness requirements
If requirements are easily understandable and defined then which model is best suited? | Waterfall model
What is NOT true about motivations for tracing requirements? | Managing Project
Which of the following is the CORRECT definition of the term Feature? | One or more logically related system capabilities that provide value to a user and are
What Is not included in Requirement Statuses? | Not Need
Which is NOT a basic skill of a Business Analyst? | . Document requirements
Product requirement validation occurs primarily after | Elicitation
Which is a good place to start specifying data requirements in the new software system you want to develop? | with the input and output flows on the systems context diagram
Major requirements management activities include | 1.2.4.5
Without customer contact the expectation gap __ during software development time | increases
Which of the following is the CORRECT definition of the term User Requirement? | A goal or task that specific classes of users must
Which ts the most appropriate way to improve the ambiguous terms | Specify the minimum acceptable time in which the
Which of the following is not a good characteristic well written of a software requirements specification? | Redundant

Which dimension of requirement classification is critical for consideration of tolerant design? | Whether the requirement is volatile or stable.
Giving an example of quality requirements: 'After performing a f‌ile backup, the system shall verify | Integrity requirement
Which of the following is NOT a type of software requirement? | Complexity
What is a software requirements specification (SRS) document? | A document detailing software requirements and specifications
Which technique overlaps for use in requirements elicitation and requirements validation? | Prototypes
What presents the information and preconditions necessary for a business analysis task to begin? | Input
What is considered the traditional means or requirements elicitation? | Interviews
The use of traceability tables helps to: | Minimize miscommunication and unnecessary rework
Portability is an internal quality attribute which could be described: | How easily the system can be made to work in other operating environments
Giving a business rule" All website images must include alternative text to be used by electronic | constraint
Giving a business rule " If the customer ordered a book by an author who has written multiple | action enabler
When does the business analyst ensure the feasibility of the proposed requirements to | During Requirements Analysis
Which document is used to derive the software requirements specification? | System Requirements Specification
Process quality and improvement relies most on which of the following? | Requirements process measures
Which requirements should NOT be reused in the scope of cross an enterprise? | Constraints
You are a business analyst measuring alternatives against objectives and identifying trade offs to | Problem solving
What should the software requirements specification (SRS) writer avoid placing in the SRS environment of the SRS? | Either design or project requirements
A key tool for software designer, developer and their test team is to carry out their respective tasks | Requirement documentation
The work products produced during requirement elicitation will vary depending on the _ | size of the product being built
To express the user task descriptions. which representation technique is NOT suitable? | Storyboards
What is the most common type of scenario elicitation technique? | The use case
What is a software engineer most likely to resolve by making a unilateral decision? | Differences between developer perception
Which of the following is not embedded design that would be written in the SRS? | Specify logical requirements for the software
Identify key roles and selecting requirements activities is done as part of which knowledge area? | Business Analysis Planning and Monitoring
Requirement elicitation is communication intensive and should be aligned with: | The stakeholders needs and constraints
Why is base-lining project? | To get an agreement for each set of requirements after the team implements them
If requirements are easily understandable and def‌ined then which software process model is best suited? | Waterfall model
Which is NOT the type of internal quality? | Availability
Which is (are) the skills of business analyst on Agile project? | All of the mentioned
Which of the following is NOT a good characteristic well written of a software requirements specification? | Redundant
Giving a statement in an Airport check-in kiosk application: "As a traveler. I want to check in for a | user story
Which is NOT the reuse barrier? | Organizational culture
According to the SWEBOK Guide, what are the four major activities of the requirements engineering process? | Elicitation, analysis, specification, and validation
Which is NOT the type of requirements development tools? | Requirement Management tools
Why is Requirements Management important? It is due to the changes | All of the mentioned
which of the following you should be based on when you estimate the project size and effort | All of the mentioned answers
Which are the processes in requirements engineering? | All of the mentioned
Which is NOT the most important characteristics of product backlog | Lowest ranking items are decomposed into smaller stories during release
Which is NOT the advantage of Agile methods? | puts considerable effort into trying to get the full
In the IEEE Std 1362 Concept of Operations (ConOps) Document, which of the following is | Proposed design method of system
If a requirements status is proposed then it | Has been requested by an authorized source
A throwaway prototype is most appropriate when: | . All of the mentioned
What is the most important attribute of a requirement? | Identifier
The requirements engineering process is _ | Initiated at the beginning of a project and continues to be
Which adverbs are the causes of requirements ambiguity in documenting Software Requirement Specif‌ication? | all of the mentioned
Which of these steps in the planned change process provides the objective or expectation of how a change will respond to whatever | develop change goals
Which of these steps in the planned change process provides a roadmap for how the change will be implemented? | develop the change plan
Due to the iterative nature of the requirements process, change has to be managed through the review and approval process. | System def‌inition
Which of the following phrases most closely approaches verifiable language? | "According to Standard X"
Requirements reviews: Can not be done before completion of the | Systems definition document
Requirement Baselines are | .Requirements committed to be implemented
Which of the following requirement properties would be considered an emergent property of a software program? | The reliability of the software
Which is not describe the correct purpose of requirements elicitation? | Collect, discover, extract, and define exactly what are the outputs of project
What does allocation try to satisfy in the assigning of responsibility to components? | Requirements
What defines the business analysis team roles, deliverable to be produced, and tasks to be performed? | Business analysis approach
Software requirements validation should be viewed by whom and how often? | Stakeholders, often
Product requirement validation occurs primarily after | Specif‌ication
The BEST way to conduct a requirements validation review is to | use a checklist of questions to examine each requirement
Which of the following property is least critical to the interaction between process actors and the requirements process? | The education of the actor
Which is NOT a technique to f‌ind missing requirements? | Check a list of tasks corresponding with end users
Requirements gathering activities are also known as requirements: | Elicitation
In order to determine solution to business problems, the business analyst applies a set of: | Tasks and techniques
The software requirements specif‌ication should NOT be called | user requirements
Giving a business rule "A discount is calculated based on the size of the current order, as defined in Table BR-060.' | computation
Which of the following is the technical manager not responsible for? | Re-estimating the cost and schedule of the project when the requirements change.
The voice of the customers may be derived from | Customer complaints
To understand user tasks and goals and the business objectives with which those tasks align, | Elicitation
To depict the complex logic, which representation technique should be used? | Decision tree , Decision table
The requirement passed its tests after integration into the product. this is status | verified
Which requirements should NOT be reused within an operating environment or platform? | Stakeholder profiles
Which is NOT the helpful of product backlog? | It helps in managing the demands of stakeholders
The business analyst team has put together the elicitation results documenting their understanding of the user need. | Stated and Unconfirmed
Which is the benefit of the reuse requirements techniques? | All the mentioned answers
Which is not the purpose of software prototype technique? | Specific technologies, tools, languages, and databases that must be used or avoided (constraints)
Which is NOT belong to the case of use case traps? | Depicts detail the use case story
Classifying users should not base on: | The knowledge user have
Software Requirement Specification (SRS) is also known as specification of | Black box testing
In the V model, the user requirements are detected by | Acceptance testing (User/Business requirement)
Which of the following is most true about a non-functional requirement? | . Acts to constrain the software solution
The system users have stated their needs for revised online order entry system capabilities | Functional requirements
As requirements are elicited. what source is most likely to impose previously unidentified user processes? | The organizational environment
A concept of operations document (ConOps) should not be written | Primarily in the developers technical language
Giving a condition example in specification of withdrawn money use case: "the ATM has dispensed money and printed a receipt'. | postcondition
Which activities are NOT belong to requirements status tracking? | Tracking individual requirements versions
A listed acceptance criteria to fulfil certain requirements of a user and normally written from the perspective of an end-user. | user story
Which of these steps in the planned change process puts the change plan into action? | implement the change
During which of these steps in the planned change process is used to determine how ready | select the change agent
Which of these steps in the planned change process requires managers at all levels to be | recognize the need for change
What is a best practice for change control? | Hold change meetings
Requirements tracing is most likely concerned with the following: Recovering the source of requirements from: | Software requirement back to the system
Which of the following would most likely be considered a product requirement? | The student name shall be entered before the student grade.
Which is (are) the type of Agile method? | Feature-Driven Development
Which is (are) the type of Agile method? | Kanban , Extreme Programming
Which is (are) the type of Agile method? | Lean Software Development  , Scrum
The iterations in Agile method should be | one month  , one week
What is not the essential aspects of an agile approach to requirements? | Budget change
is a comparison of functionality between an existing system and a desired new system. | Gap analysis
Which are the most common challenges with packaged solutions? | Vendor misrepresents package capabilities Users reject the solution
Which are the most common challenges with packaged solutions? | Language and cultural barriers
Which are the most common challenges with packaged solutions? | Incorrect solution expectations
Which are the most common challenges with packaged solutions? | Too many candidates
Which are the challenges that outsourced projects have to face: | . Language and cultural barriers
Which are the challenges that outsourced projects have to face: | Remote developers lack the organizational and business knowledge
Which are the challenges that outsourced projects have to face: | Large time zone differences
Which are the challenges that outsourced projects have to face: | It's harder to get developer input on requirements and to pass along user feedback on delivered software to developers.
Updating sets of requirements is an activity of | . change control
The requirement will be implemented in a future release, this is _______status | deferred
Managing requirements changes is difficult because | document-centric process
Managing requirements changes is difficult because | difficult to understand the impact
Managing requirements changes is difficult because | lack of visibility
Managing requirements changes is difficult because | high reliance on a single person
The requirements change management determines | who does not need to be involved
The requirements change management determines | process for requirements change
The requirements change management determines | who will be consulted or informed of change
The requirements change management determines | which stakeholders need to approve change
The change management board has a scope of authority that indicates | . approve or deny
What happens to a rejected change request? | It stops
The Change Control Board will have a | chairperson
Defining links between individual functional and nonfunctional | forward from requirements
Customer needs are traced | . backward to requirements
Requirements tracing is most likely concerned with the following | Software requirement back to the system requirement it supports
Which is(are) the limitations of a document-based approach in developing | It's hard to define links between requirements and other system elements
Which is(are) the limitations of a document-based approach in developing | . It's not easy to store supplementary information—attributes—about each
Which is(are) the limitations of a document-based approach in developing | Communicating changes to all affected team members is a manual
Which is(are) the limitations of a document-based approach in developing | . It's difficult to keep the documents current and synchronized.
Which is (are) the essential Agile techniques to improve traditional requirements | compliment user stories with supporting artifacts
Which is (are) the essential Agile techniques to improve traditional requirements | groom your User Stories often
Which is (are) the essential Agile techniques to improve traditional requirements | create requirements that slice the cake
Which is (are) the essential Agile techniques to improve traditional requirements | invest in your User Stories
all of the following actions, the review board need to do when reviewing changes of requirement except | maintains a wishlist of possible changes
there are the following backwards of prototypes and mock-up technique, except for | can not understand implications
what should we do in the stakeholder analysis stage of re | determine..based their role, interest..
a systematic process of managing conflicts has the stages.. | identify,detect conflict,generate,evaluate
which one of the following statements about package is false | the name of elements defined in a package are local to the
the domain understanding and requirements elicitation stage involves a great deal of knowledge acquisition, except | knowledge about programming language
which of the following is not a criterion of stake holder selection | exposure to perceived technical issues
all of the following statements about advantages of free documentation in unrestricted natural language are correct, except | there is no notable ambiguities, noise
which of the following is a standard technique for structuring complex if-then condition | using decision table
at higher levels, there are coarser-grained goals stating | strategic objectives
when we are unfamiliar with the system-as-is, we may need.. except | studying document and reports of system-to-be
is a prescriptive statement to be enforced by the software-to-be, possibly in cooperation with other system components, and formulated in terms of environment phenomena | system requirement
all of the following statements about local rules on writing statements in requirements document are correct except | make sure that every concept is defined after its use
all of the following statements about outputs of requirement specification and documentation phase are correct except | all general objectives, system requirements, software requirement...
all of the following activities should not be done in "change initiation" stage of change control process except | maintain a wishlist of possible changes...
all of the following statements about background study techniques are correct except | an obvious strength of the technique is that..
Requirement engineering is the first phase in software lifecycle? | TRUE
Software quality assurance is a key concern for Requirement quality assurance | FALSE
RE deliverable is requirements document for system-to-be | TRUE
RE is concerned with world and machine phenomena | TRUE
Why do we need models for RE? | Provides structure ...,Support for ..., explanation to ...,Basis for ...,Focus on ...
Which of following belong to System requirement statements? | Prescriptive statement referring to environment phenomena
What is requirement engineering? | Set of activities producing the requirements on a software-intensive system
Which of the followings belong Assumption statements? | Statements to be satisfied by the environment of the software-to-be
To make sure a software solution “correctly” solves some real-world problem, we must first fully understand and define | The context in which the problem arises, What problem needs to be solved in the real world
Which of the followings statements belong to WHO dimension? | Assign responsibilities for the objective, services, and constraints among system-to-be components
Which of the following statements belong to WHAT dimension | Identify& define the system-to-be’s functional services
Which of the following statements belong to WHY dimension? | Identify, analyze, refine the system-to-be’s objectives
Which of the following belong to scope of RE? | WHO,WHY,WHAT dimension
What are the activities producing the requirements on a software-intensive system? | Elicitation, Specification, Evaluation, Evolution management
The prototype process is iterative | TRUE
In active mode of storyboard, stakeholders contribute to the story. The storyboard is used for joint exploration | TRUE
In passive mode of storyboard, stakeholders contribute to the story. The storyboard is used for explanation validation | TRUE
Artifact-driven techniques rely more on specific types of interaction with stakeholders | FALSE
All of the following actions belong to Domain understanding and Requirement elicitation expect | Understand the system-to-be and its context
Which of the following techniques belongs to stakeholder-driven elicitation techniques? | Observation and ethnographic studies, Group sessions, Interviews
According to performance requirements classes in a reusable catalogue, which of following belong to Time? | Response time, Throughput
According to performance requirements classes in a reusable catalogue, which of following belong to Space? | Main memory, Secondary storage
Which of the following statements about weighing questions is true? | A weighting question provides a list of statements that need to be weighted by the respondent to express the perceived importance, preference or risk of the corresponding statement.
What is the first phase of RE process? | Domain understanding and elicitation
What is the goal of Prototypes & mock-up? | Check requirement adequacy from direct user feedback, by showing reduced sketch of software-to-be in action
Which of the following statements about Software Prototypes are true? | (1)Its aim ...,(2)It is a quick implementation ...,(3)/There are different kind ...
What is the goal of Card sorts & repertory grids? | Acquire further into about concepts already elicited
We need to acquire the contextual knowledge under which the system-to-be will be elaborated. This … | Knowledge about the system-as-is, Knowledge about the organization,Knowledge about the domain
Poor risk management is a major cause of software failure | TRUE
A risk is an uncertain factor whose occurrence may result in loss of satisfaction of a corresponding objective | TRUE
The Weak, Strong conflicts are more difficult to handle than… | TRUE
Process-related risks are negative impacts on functional or non-functional objectives of the systems | FALSE
Inconsistencies are highly rare in RE | TRUE
Which of following are types of inconsistency in RE? | Terminology clash, Structure clash, Designation clash
List types of RE risk? | Product-related risks, Process-related risks
What are the phrases of managing conflicts process? | Identify overlapping..., Detect ..., document these, Generate ..., Evaluate..., select ...
What are the goals of risk assessment? | Assess likehood of risks, Assess severity of risks, Assess likehood of risk consequences (h?u qu?)
What is last stage of managing conflicts process? | Evaluate resolution, select preferred
What are the phrases of RE risk management? | Risk identification, Risk assessment, Risk control
What is last phase of RE risk management? | Risk control
Which of the following tactics belong to risk reduction tactics? | Avoid risk, Reduce consequence like hood, Reduce risk like hood, Mitigate risk consequence
Which of the followings belong to Designation clash? | Same name for different concepts in different statements |   e.g. “user” for “library user” vs. “library software user”
Which of the followings belong to Structure clash? | Same concept structured differently in different statements |   e.g. “latest return date” as time point (e.g. Fri 5pm) vs. time interval (e.g. Friday)
Which of the followings belong to Terminology clash? | Same concept named differently in different statements |   e.g. library management: “borrower” vs. “patron”
A context diagram is a simple graph where nodes represent system components and edges represent connections through shared phenomena declared by the labels | TRUE
Free documentation in unrestricted natural language has no limitation in term of expressive and communicability | TRUE
Use case diagrams are used to complement such a view through interaction scenarios | FALSE
SADT diagrams capture activities and data in the system | TRUE
What is the third phase of RE process? | Requirement specification and documentation
Which of the following statements belong to Sequence diagram? | It complements such a view throughinteractionscenarios
Which of the following statements belong to Class diagram? | It provide a structural, entity-relationship view of the system
Which of the following statements belong to Use case diagram? | It is used for outlining an operational view
What does SADT stands for? | Structured Analysis and Design Technique
According to IEEE standard template for organizing the RD, which of the followings belong to General Description? | Product perspective, Product functions, User characteristics, General constraints, Assumptions & Dependencies, Apportioning of requirements
Which of the following belongs to Inter-view consistency rules? | (4)Every component...Every state in a...Every data...Every shared...
According to IEEE standard template for organizing the RD, which of the followings belong to Specific Requirements? | Functional requirements, External interface reqs, Performance reqs, Design constraints, Software quality attributes, Other requirements
The structure of RD should make it easy to | Trade items back to their rationale, Understand it, Following dependency links, Retrieve and analyze its items,
Requirements quality assurance is not a major concern in view of the diversity of potential defects in the requirements document | FALSE
Language-based checklist specialize the defect-based ones to the specific construct of the structured, semi-formal or formal specification language used in the requirements document | TRUE
Formal Verification should not be used to reveal ambiguous and immeasurable RD items during specification formalization | FALSE
The main purpose of requirements validation is to check the adequacy of requirements and assumptions | TRUE
What is the first stage of the requirements inspection process? | Inspection planning
What is the last stage of the requirements inspection process? | RD consolidation
Which of the following statements belong to Free Mode of Individual Reviewing? | The inspector receives no directive on what part of the RD to consider specially or what type of defect to look for
Which of the following statements belong to Requirements Validation by Specification Animation | (All) Its main purpose is to check the adequacy of requirements and assumptions, Its purpose to see whether the system-to-be as specified meets the actual expectations of stakeholder
Which of the following statements belong to Checklist Based Mode of Individual Reviewing? | The inspector is given a list of questions and issues to guide the defect search process
Which of the following belong to Defect-base checklists? | There are lists of questions structured according to the various types of defects that we can find a requirements document
Which of the following belong to Quality-specific checklists? | Such checklists specialize generic and quality-specific checklists to the specific concepts and standard operations found in the domain
All of the followings are techniques used for Requirements Quality Assurance except? | Interviews
Which of the following belong to phase of requirement inspection process? | Individual reviewing, RD consolidation, Inspection planning, Defect evaluation at review meetings
Which of the following are techniques used for Requirements Quality Assurance? | Queries on a requirement database, Formal Verification, Inspections and Reviews, Animation-base validation
Revisions and variants define a two-dimensional space for defining product evolutions, rather than two separate tracks | TRUE
Requirement changes tend to be forgotten during the evolution | TRUE
Variants result from evolution over time, whereas revisions result from evolution across product families | FALSE
Which of the following statements belong to variants? | Variants result from changes made to adapt, restrict or extend a master version to multiple classes of users or usage conditions
Which of the following statements belong to revisions | A revision results from changes generally made to correct or improve the current version of a single product.
Which is the first stage of change control process? | Changeinitiation
Which is the last stage of change control process? | Change consolidation
The cost - benefit analysis should control output parameters from those input parameters, according to the | (3) The people,The technique,The scope,granularity,accuracy,semantic richness ...
What are the phases of change control process? | Change initiation, Change consolidation, Change evaluation and prioritization
Which of the followings belong to the techniques for traceability management? | Cross referencing,Feature diagrams,Traceability matrices,
Which of the following is not a phase of traceability management? | (None)
Which of the following is a phase of traceability management? | Define traceability policy, Establish traceability links, Exploit traceability links, Maintain traceability links
What is the version type of the following casual factor “Environment change: new class of users or new usage condition“ | Variant
What is the version type of the following casual factor "Improved quality feature"? | Revision
Which of the following statement about Change Control is not true? | The necessity, feasibility, benefits, impact and cost of the requested changes are evaluated by development team.
The finer-grained a goal, the fewer agents required for its satisfaction | TRUE
Goals are prescriptive statements of intent the system should satisfy through cooperation of its agent | TRUE
Goal satisfaction requires agent cooperation? | TRUE
What is the goal? | Prescriptive statement of intent the system should satisfy through cooperation of its agents
What are types of goals? | (2 types) Behavioral goals, Soft goals,
What are goal categories? | Functional goals, Non- functional goals
What is a system agent? | It is an active system component that is responsible for goal satisfaction
What are types of Agents? | (3 types) Software,Device,Human
Which of the following statements about system agent are true? | We must restrict its behavior to meet its assigned goals, It must be able to monitor/control phenomena involved in assigned goals
Which of the following statements belong to Higher-level goals? | Effective access to state of the art, 50% increase of transportation capacity
Which of the following statements belong to Lower-level goals? | Reminder issued by end of loan period if no return, Acceleration command sent every 3 seconds
Which of the following statements about behavioral goals are true? | (3)Cannot be... (yes or no),Prescribe intended...,Used for building...Which of the following statements about the distinction between goals & domain properties is not true? |    Only domain properties are required in requirements documentation
AND-refinements should also be consistent and maximal | FALSE
The view that covers the WHY dimension of RE is provided by a goal model? | TRUE
A goal model shows contribution links and leaf goal assignments | TRUE
Getting complete refinements of behavioral goals is essential for requirements completeness | TRUE
Which of the following statements belong to soft goals are true? | (3) Used for comparing ...,Often take the forms:...,Capture preferences...
A goal model includes: | AND – refinement,   OR– refinement
What are the leaf nodes? | Goals assignable to single system agents
Which of the following statements about goal model are true? | (2) Refinement trees visualize ...., Goals are recursively refine-able
Which of the following statements about refinements are true? | (2) Getting complete refinements of..., Domain properties are often ...
All of the followings are heuristic rules of building goal models except? | Merge responsibilities
Which of the following statement about Goal Model are true? | (3) Getting complete refinements of..., Alternative goal ...,We can capture...
What “does AND-refinements should be consistent” mean? | Sub goals G1, ..., Gn and domain properties in Domains may not contradict each other
What “does AND-refinements should be minimal” mean? | If one sub goal Gj is missing, the parent goal is no longer necessarily satisfied
Which of the following statements do not belong to heuristic rules of building goal models? | (2)Merge responsibilities, Analyze the current objectives and problems in the system-to-be
Which of the following belong to heuristic rules of building goal models? | (3)Instantiate goal categories, Search for goal-related..., Ask how and why question
Risk is the uncertain factor whose occurrence may result in loss of satisfaction of corresponding objective | TRUE
Obstacle is the condition on system for violation of corresponding assertion | TRUE
The Poor risk management is a major cause of software failure | TRUE
Risk analysis cannot be anchored on goal models | FALSE
What is a risk? | Uncertain factor whose occurrence may result in loss of satisfaction of corresponding objective
Which of the following statements belong to Week mitigations countermeasure? | New goal ensures weaker version of goal when obstructed
What does Agent substitution mean | Consider alternative responsibilities for obstructed goal so as to make obstacle unfeasible
What does Goal restoration mean? | Enforce target condition as obstacle occurs
What does Goal weakening mean? | Weaken the obstructed goal’s formulation so that it no longer gets obstructed.
What does Obstacle prevention mean? | Introduce new goal Avoid [obstacle]
AND-refinement of obstacle O should be | Consistent,Complete,Minimal
What are obstacles? | The conditions on system for violation of corresponding assertion
Which is a strong mitigation? | A new goal ensures parent of goal when obstructed
Which is a weak mitigation? | A new goal ensures weaker version of goal when obstructed
According to tautology-based refinement, not (A and B) amounts to | Not A or not B
According to tautology-based refinement, not (A if B) amounts to | (A and not B) or (not A and B)
Which is the last stage of Risk Management process? | Risk Control
Conceptual object can be enumerated in only one system state | FALSE
RE is concerned with the problem world only | TRUE
Invariant seeming to constrain one object onlyAnswer | FALSE
Set of instances of a system-specific concept cannot share similar features | FALSE
Which of the following are good class diagrams | (2-4) diagrams (Initating and Scheduling |    On Guard
Which of the followings is a good context diagram? | (Diagram1 Meeting date.range & Meeting.Date
Which of the following statements about the diagram below are true? (Train [is On] 	----On---- [Holdtrain]Block) | (2)At any given time, a block may hold at most one |   At any given time, a train is on at least one and at most two
What are types of conceptual object? | Event |   Agent   |   Entity   |   Association
What are benefits of generalization-based structuring? | (3)Common features... |   Increased mo...   |   Generalized objects & their ...
Which of the following statements about object models are true? | Represented by UML class diagram |   Roughly, shows how relevant system concepts are structured and interrelated   |   Structural view of the system being modeled (as-is or to-be)
Which of the following statement about Object instantiation are true | An instance may migrate........A set of object ...Every conceptual object has a built-in semantic relation telling which instances are currently members of the object
Class diagrams at conceptual level should include | Attributes only
What is an Attribute Multiplicity? | Min/max number of values the attribute may take
What is a state of an instance of conceptual object? | Tuple of functional pairs xi |   --> vi
Abstract agents can be refined? | TRUE
Agent’s instances cannot control behavior of other objects | TRUE
Responsibility assignments should not take agent capabilities into account | FALSE
Which of the followings are good heuristics for responsibility assignment? | (4)Identify finer-...Select ass... |   Favor human...Make ass...
Which are true statements about agent capabilities? | (2) |   They are defined...   |   When an individual...
Which of the following statements about Agents are true? | They are assigned to the leaf goals |   They can run concurrently with others
Which of the following statement about the Meeting Scheduling system are true? | Meetings should be scheduled after the scheduler gets all participants constrain
A goal turns to be unrealizable by an agent if and only if one of the following criteria holds? | The agent is unable to monitor a variable in the goal specification that needs to be evaluated for goal satisfaction
Which of the following diagrams can be used to represent Agent Model? | Dependency diagram |   Agent diagram   |   Context diagram
We can use only Use case diagram to show operational view of the system | FALSE
Goal refinement followed by operationalization is preferable to operation refinement, as it preserves goal traceability and supports simpler satisfaction arguments | TRUE
Which of the followings about Context diagrams are true? | (2)The nodes in Context.... |   We can use a variant of these ...
Which of the following statements about Agent model are true? | (3)It is used to show the di...It shows who....It shows the Resp...
Which of the following heuristics can be used to identify operations from interaction scenarios? | (2)For each interaction event in a scenario...For each interaction event in a scenario...
Which of the following statements about domain conditions are true? | (2)The domain post-condition of an operation.... |   The domain pre-condition of an operation characterizes the class of input sates when the operation is applied, regardless of any restriction required for goal satisfaction
Which of the following statements is true | A leaf goal is generally operationalized by multiple operations
Which of the following statements about UML use case diagrams is true? | (2)Generation of use cases from...A use case should operation...
Which are true statements about Agent non-determinism? | (2)eager: agent instance applies....lazy: agent instance ...
Which of the following statements about use cases are true? | A use case outlines the operations an agent... |   A use case should operationalize the leaf goals underlying the operations in it
Which of the following statements about basic features of operations are true? | Any system operation has a unique name
Which of the following statements belong to Extra consistency rules between operation and agent models? | (2)The agent responsible for G must perform...If these operations operationalize...
State machines provide visual abstractions of explicit behaviors of any agent instance on a class. | TRUE
Scenarios do not support an informal, narrative and concrete style of expression | FALSE
Which of the following statements about Modeling instance behaviors is not true? | (None 4)
Two concepts Function and non-function requirement are | Full separate
Two concepts User requirement and System requirement are | Other
Which of the following statements about Modeling instance behaviors are true? | (3)The scenario...The interacting ...In the case of ...
Which of the following statements is true? | A guard captures a nec...A global system behavior is obtained...Which of the following statements about UML sequence diagrams are true? |    (3)Timelines are represe...The interaction is synchronously....The basic UML syntax for ...
Which of the following statements about Actions of State machines are true? | (2)It is applied when the transition fires |   Auxiliary means that ...
State machines complement the fragmentary information provided by scenarios in multiple ways: | (3)They capture...They make...They are aimed...
List the appropriate ways to refine scenario? | Introduce Episodes |   Agent decomposition
Which of the following statements about State machines are NOT true? | (None 3)
To support Structural consistency of the goal and object models, for every object in the object model, there must be at least one goal in goal model concerning it | TRUE
To support Structural consistency of the goal and agent models, every goal under the responsibility of an agent in the agent model must appear as a leaf goal in the goal model | TRUE
Which of the followings belong to Structural consistency of the goal and agent models? | Every goal ...Every agent ...Every requirement...One of the candidate agents in an OR-assignment to a leaf goal in the goal model must appear as the selected agent responsible for this goal in the agent model.
What are the meta models that can be used for view integration? | The agent meta-model
Which of the followings belong to Structural consistency of the object and behavior models? | (2)Every state of a state ..Every event attribute or event specialization...
Which of the followings belong to Structural consistency of the goal and operation models? | (2)Every operation in the operation...Every requirement in the goal...
Which of the followings belong to Structural consistency of the goal, agent and operation models? | (2)If an agent performs...If an agent is responsible for a goal, it must perform all operations operational zing that goal.
Which of the followings belong to Structural consistency of the goal, agent and behavior models? | Every parallel state machine capturing the behavior of an agent in the behavior model must show a set of paths prescribed by goals from the goal model that are assigned to this agent in the agent model.
Which of the followings belong to Structural consistency of the goal, object and agent models? | If an object is referred to by a goal under the responsibility of an agent, one or more attributes of it must be monitored or controlled by this agent.
Which of the followings belong to Structural consistency of the object and agent models? | (3) An attribute or object....Every variable... |   Every agent in the agent ...
Domain requirement may include | Both above
System requirement may include | All about
User requirement may include | All about
Who should be involved in a requirements review? | Both of above
What is the key factor of Requirement Elicitation? | Stakeholder involve
How many notations have been introduced in Data-flow model | 3
What is not an activity of requirement engineering Processes? | Requirement implement
Entity-relationship models have been widely used in database design. How many relation types between entities in this model? | 3
In system models concept, have been introduced many difference model can be apply for SR study. These models may be used separately or together? | Together
Many types of interface had been defined. Show us what are interface type have been introduced in the list below | All above
Normally, how many kinds of information should be included when a standard form is used for specifying functional requirements? | 7
How many parts of requirements document had been suggested in standard IEEE/ANSI 830-1998 (IEEE,1998)? | 5
Under of 3 main type of non-functional requirement: Product, Organizational and External. How many types of non-functional requirements (level 2 in describe chart of types of non-functional requirements) that may be placed on a computer-bases system has been introduced in text book? | 10
Requirements discovery including how many technique are introduced | 4
On steps of requirements validation process need: Some checking needs to carry out on the requirements in the requirement document. How many types of check are introduced? | 5
What is not a method to discovery requirement? | Ethnography
Interviewing is one of technique introduced. This technique inside of what process | Elicitation and Analysis
Is this true? If said: “The requirements management process includes planning and change management” | Yes
Is this true? If said: “Ethnography is particularly effective at discovering of requirements” | Yes
How many types are introduced in term of classification of volatile requirements? | 4
How many main processes are introduced in term of requirements engineering process? | 4
How many main problems need to be checked during feasibility study? | 3
Many problems can arise when requirements are written in natural language sentences. In list below, show us what not problem of natural language for this case is | To much technical special notations
To feasibility study, we need to asked and get answers from many people on such this organization. In practices, how many questions need to be answered by them during feasibility study? | 6
Many components of a CASE tool for structured method support introduced in text book. Show us in list bellow, what is not components had been introduced in text book. | No one comply
Study object models for one system, each object has been named and showed the relation between them (by inheritance, aggregation,… ). What is forced rule had to follow in terms bellow | The object name have been different each other
How many principal stages to a change management process had been introduced in text book | 3
Is this true if said: Ethnography is one technique including in requirements elicitation and analysis process. | Yes
Which is NOT a description in requirement definition? | The system’s stakeholders
Which is the item that a requirement does NOT describe? | How to maintain the system
What are stakeholders? | The organizations that will influence directly/indirectly on the system requirements
In below requirement statements, which is the user requirement? | The software must provide a mean of representing and assessing external files created by other toolsThe software must provide a mean of representing and assessing external files created by other tools
Who is NOT reader of system requirements? | Client managers
Who is the reader of user requirements? | System end users
Which is non-functional requirement? | Constraints on the services or functions offered by the system such as timing constraints, constraints on the development process, standards, etc
Which is system requirement? | A structured document setting out detailed descriptions of the system’s functions, services and operational constraints
Which is correct definition of requirements consistency? | There should be no contradictions in the descriptions of the system facilities
In the requirement statements for a library management system below, which is NOT a non-functional requirement? | The system shall allow the users to search for an item by title, author, or ISBN
In below statements, which is NOT a correct definition for requirement measures? | Ease of use means training time or number of help frames
Given following activities in the requirement engineering process: | (1) Feasibility- (3) Elicitation- (4) Require speci - (2) Require valid
Which is the output of almost requirement engineering activities? | Requirements document
Which is NOT an input of the requirement engineering process? | Requirement documents
Which are outputs of the requirement engineering process? | Agreed requirements
Among outputs of the requirement engineering process, which output visualizes the system from different perspective? | System models
Which is the correct statement about the process models? | Fine-grain activity models show details of a specific process
What is the role of requirement engineer? | Eliciting and specifying the system requirements
Which is the soonest output of the requirement engineering process? | Business requirements specification
Why is it necessary to have requirement feasibility study phase? | To decide whether or not the proposed system is worthwhile
Which is NOT a factor for almost feasibility study to base on for its decision? | New technology in the world
Which is NOT an input of the requirement elicitation phase | Specification of similar system
What is NOT a purpose of the requirement analysing? | Gather information about the proposed and existing systems and distilling the user and system requirements from this information
Given that you are at the “Requirements classification and organization” step during the elicitation and analysis phase, what is next step? | Requirements prioritization and negotiationinformation
The target of requirement realism checking is to answer which of following questions? | Can the requirements be implemented given available budget and technology?
Which is NOT a technique of the requirement validation? | Requirements interview
Which is not an activity during the requirements review? | Prepare the requirements documentation
What don’t you have to prepare in requirement management planning? | Feasibility study
Which is NOT an activity during requirement change management process? | Problem identifying: identify what change is needed for the requirements
What is the purpose of the requirement source traceability? | Links between dependent requirements
What are contents including on critical systems specification? | All above
How many stage introduced on iterative process of risk analysis? | 4
What item below is including on iterative process of risk analysis? | Risk decomposition
They predicted that, by the 21st century, a large proportion of software would be developed using formal methods. This prediction has not come true. How many main reasons introduced in text book for this conclution | 4
Indicate in items below what is one of fundamental approaches to formal specification have been used to write detailed specifications for industrial software systems | All above
What is not a part of body of an object specification? | Syntax definition
Software reliability specification includingAnswer: | All above
For each risk, the outcome of the risk analysis and classification process is a statement of acceptability. How many way risk can be categories? | 3
What are contents including on critical systems specification? | None above
What is not strategy had been introduced in text book for risk reduction assessment? | Risk definition and separate them with system.
Risk can be categorized too much way. What bellow is way applying for categorized the risk? | All above
How many activities in process of developing a formal specification of a sub-system interface had been introduced in text book? | 6
Operations on an abstract data type usually fall into how many classes? | 2
Some examples of different types of failure are introduced. How many classes shown in Failure classification text book? | 6
Which perspective don’t we base on to present system in different models? | Layering
Structural perspective will show ….? | The system or data architecture
Which model type will show how entities have common characteristics? | Classification model
Data processing model will show ….? | How the data is processed at different stagesWhat is NOT true with context model? |    Context models show what lies inside the system boundaries
The data flow model will show …? | The processes and the flow of information from one process to another
What is NOT a type of behavioural model? | Data flow diagram
What is NOT the purpose of data flow diagrams? | Show data structure of the system
What is the purpose of state machine model? | Model the behaviour of the system in response to external and internal events
Which is NOT an object model? | Structure models
Which is not a stage in risk-based analysis? | Risk planning
Which is output of the Risk analysis and classification stage? | Risk assessment
What is NOT true with the safety specification? | It is applied to the system as individual sub-systems
Which is a functional safety requirement? | Definitions of the safety functions of the protection system.
What is NOT security requirement type | Non-functional reliability requirements.
What is NOT a stage in the security specification? | Resource analysis
What is the purpose of the “Threat assignment” stage during the security specification? | Assign a list of associated threats for each identified asset
Please choose the correct explanation for the reliability metric “Probability of failure on demand” | The likelihood that the system will fail when a service request is made
Which is NOT critical attribute(s)? | Usability
Choose incorrect definition of the critical systems | Critical systems are system whose failure can threaten human life
Which is NOT included in formal methods? | Program development
Which is NOT true with the Use of formal methods? | Formal methods are applied mainly in critical systems engineering
Please choose an incorrect statement related to the Use of FS (Formal Specification) | FS involves investing more effort in the validating stage of software development
______, the system as it should be when the machine will be built and operated in it | System-to-be
______, the system need to be developed when some change requirements required to be implemented in system-to-be: | System-to-be
______ is the requirement document item, which cannot be realistically implemented within assigned budget, schedule, or development platform | Unfeasibility
______ addresses the assignment of responsibilities for achieving the objectives, services, and constrains among the components of the system-to-be | The WHO dimension
Components pertaining to the machines surrounding world will form | Environment of software-to-be
The machine’s software to be developed or modified is just one component of the system-to-be that refers to | Software-to-be
_________ statements state desirable properties about the system that may hold or not depending on how system behaves | Prescriptive
_________, the system as it exists before the machine is built in to it | System-as-is
________ statements state properties about the system that hold regardless of how the system behaves. Such properties hold typically because of some natural law or physical constaint | Descriptive
Which is not a stage of requirement engineering process? | Requirement Traceability
Overlapping statements refer to some common or inter-related _______ | Phenomena
Product-related risks may result in delayed product delivery, cost overruns, deterioration of project team morale and so forth | False
A risk is an uncertain factor whose occurrence may result in a loss of satisfaction of a corresponding objective. The risk is said to ______ on this objective | Negatively impact
Weak conflict: There are statements that are not satisfiable together under some condition called _____ | Boundary condition
Strong conflict: there are statements that their logical conjunction evaluates to _____ in all circurmstances | False
The “cut-set” of the risk tree is the set of _________ | All minimal AND combinations of leaf events or conditions, each of ….
Sometimes, requirements or assumptions might take risks. Therefore, we must identify new ______ as countermeasures to these risks | Requirements
oals are _____ statements of intent the system | Prescritive
According to tautology-based refinement, not(A and B) amounts to | Not A or Not B
Behavior of component instance is | The sequence of state transitions for the items it controls
Which of the followings belong to the free mode of individual review and meeting? | The inspector receives no directive on what part of the requirement document to consider or what type of defect to look for
We use Prototypes & mock-ups to | Check requirement adequacy from direct user feedback, by showing reduced sketch of software-to-be in action
The nodes in Context diagrams represent ____ system components | Active
List the statements that belong to Structural consistency of the goal and object models | One of the candidate agents in an OR-assignment to a leaf goal in the....
List the statements that belong to Structural consistency of the goal, agent and behavior models | Every parallel state machine capturing the behavior of an agent in the behavior model must show a set of paths prescribed by goals from the goal model that are assigned to this
Goals AND-refinements should be_____ | Minimal, Consistent
Which of the following statements are true? | Agent is an active system component that is responsible for goal satis faction, Goal satisfaction requires agent cooperation
What is state of an instance of conceptual object? | Tuple of functional pairs xi |   ->vi
What are phases of risk management in requirement engineering? | Risk identification, Risk assessment, Risk control
What of the following statements about goal model are true? | All of the others
What are the phases of change control process? | Change initiation, change evaluation and prioritization, change consolidation
What are not the advantages of Quantitative assessment? | not subjective estimation, Coarser-grained than qualitative assessment
1. When a patients come to the clinic, they register administrative information and their profression if they are new patients. In the database of the clinic, each patient can have some health records. Each health record must have a prescription. Which relation is (are) the composition? | Health records and prescription
2. What is requirement engineering? | Set of activities producing the documents on a software-ontensive system
3. ___ models are represented by UML class diagram | Meta/none/object
4. Which of the following belong to behavior goals | None
5. List the way that Sate machines complement the fragmentary information provided by scenarios | They are aimed at capturing all admissible sequences of state transtitions, not just some specific ones.
7. Which of the following statements about Train Control system belong to the why dimension? | all
9. An a gent ___ an operation if the applications of this operation are activated by instances of this agent | performs
10. When should we do requirements inspections and reviews? | After author.. befor design
11. Consider the following situation A patient gets the prescription to buy medicine. but they did not have enough money. So pharmacy just only sell half of his prescription. What is type of the scenario for this situation? | abnormal scenario
12. Select correct statements about State machine model | A state machine model can be built from a set of scenarios by generalizing these to refer to any agent instance and to cover all behaviors captured by the scenarios
13. correct statements about Mine Safety Control system | ko chon A software-based..
14. What is the version type of the following casual factor "Evironment chnage: new class of users or new usage condition"? | variant
15. In the following sentences, which ones are descriptive statements | k chon The meeting...
16. __ result from changes made to adapt restrict or extend a master version to multiple classes of users usage conditions | revisions
17. Which diagrams in the following describe scope of the system | context & problem & frame
18. What kind of diagram descrise the behavior of asystem? | state machine & sequence
20. Choose the incorrect statements in goal model | We can.. & the finer .. & AND...
21. Class diagrams at conceptual level should include: | Attributes only
22. Which of the following belong Structural consistency of the goal and behaviour models | Every operation in the operation model must operationalize at least one leaf goal from the goal model
23. Which of the followings belong to the ambiguity defect in requirement document (RD)? | RD item allowing a problem world features to be interpreted in different ways
24. Risks are uncertain factors whose occurence may result in __ of satisfaction of corresponding objective | loss
24. Which of the following statements about basic features of operations are true | none of the others
26. Which is the tyoe if the new version when we create it by adding new functionalities to the sytem? | revision
28. What is an attribute mutiplicity | Min/max number of values the attribute may take
29. Which of the following statements about UML sequence diagrams are true? | All
30. Which of the following requirements is the least stable reqquirement Meeting scheduling system | Determine meeting date
31. Which of the following examples belong to "Restore conflicting statements" tatic in conflict resolution tactic? | copy returned within X weeks and then borrowed again
32. Why we use of diagrammatic notation in requirement documents? | All
33. What do we need to focus in prioritization requirement? | All
34. Which of the following statements are true? | ko phai AND...
35. In behavior model, a scenario captures | Implicit states, explicit event
39. Which of the following statements about the diagram below are true? | Closedoors is  an Operation & Use case & doorsactuator is an agent
40. Agent models show __ view of the system being modeled | responsibility
41. The link between goal and agent in the following diagram is so-called a/an: | responsibility link
43. Which is the Dompost of operation opendoors in train control system? | the doors of train tr are open
44. A goal model includes: | AND & OR
45. __ risk management is a major cause of software failure | poor
46. The personnel turnovers is a risk that negatively impacts on objectives of the software development process. it belongs to: | process-related risk
48. Which of the following statements about Train control system belong to domain hypotheses? | all
49. What are the thress most critical errors of requirement engineering? | Inadequacy & Omission & contradiction
50. List the artifact-driven techniques | background study
51. Which of the following statements are true? | The main purpose & Language-based
52. Fill in blank.. | System requirement, Domain properties, Definition
53. A ____ scenario illustrates some inadmissible behavior | negative
54. Requirements inspections and reviews should be done when | After authors & before design
55. Which of the following diagrams is used to show system operations | use case diagrams
56. Which relation is (are) the aggregation? | patient and profession & patient and health records
57. A scenario is represented in UNL by a ___ diagram | sequence
59. Which of the following statements about a bank ATM system belong to expectations | cash is taken by the cardholder when returned by the ATM
60. To have an effective interview we should avoid the certain types of questions | affirmative & opiniated or biassed & obvious or impossible answer for the interviewee
Requirements engineering is | the processes involved in developing system requirements
_______, the system as it should be when the machine will be built and operated in it. | system-to-be
the system need to be developed when some change requirements required to be implemented in system-to-be | software-to-be
__________is the requirement document item, which cannot be realistically implemented within assigned budget, schedule, or development platform. | Unfeasibility
_______ addresses the assignment of responsibilities for achieving the objectives, services, and constraints among the components of the system-to-be | the WHO dimension
Components pertaining to the machine's surrounding world will form | Environment of software-to-be
The machine's software to be developed or modified is just one component of the system-to-be that refers to | software-to-be
__________statements state desirable properties about the system that may hold or not depending on how system behaves | Prescriptive
the system as it exists before the machine is built into it | System-as-is
________ Statements state properties about the system that hold regardless of how the system behaves. Such properties hold typically because of some natural law or physical constraint. | Descriptive
The following statement is an example of ____ statement: - The same book copy can not be borrowed by two different people at the same time. | Descriptive
Which is not an obstacle to effective knowledge acquisition? | Stable conditions
The following criteria are used for stakeholder analysis, except for | Create prototypes for system-to-be
Which is not a artefact-driven elicitation technique? | Group sessions
shows static and dynamic aspects of user-software interaction. | A user interface prototypes
The following are obstacles to effective knowledge acquisition, except for | Interacting with stakeholders
Which is not a stakeholder-driven elicitation technique? | Stakeholder analysis
can be helpful for eliciting non-functional requirements related to usability, performance, and costs | Data Collection
Which skill is required for interacting with stakeholders? | Knowledge reformulation
techniques reply more on specific types of artefact to support the elicitation process | Artefact-driven
Which is not a artefact-driven elicitation technique? | Unstructured group sessions
Which is not a concept-driven acquisition technique? | Interview
shows aspects related to software functionalities | A functional prototypes
Actigrams (Datagrams) declare activities (data) by their input/output data (producing/consuming activities) and interconnect them through data( ) dependency links. | control
ER diagram is made from three core constructs; entities, and relationships | Attributes
State machine diagram is made by two core constructs | States, Transitions
In state machine diagram, the event occurrence is a condition fortransition firing, whereas a guard is a condition forfiring | sufficient/necessary
Requirements Inspection process uses guidelines to make it more effective in Ending defects. | WHAT-WHO~WHEN~WHERE
“Queries on a requirements database” technique for “Requirements quality assurance” work on parts of the Requirements Document that are specified in terms of the | Diagrammatic notations
For a binary decision table with N entry conditions, there must be _______ columns for the table to list all possible combinations of conditions exhaustively. | 2^N
Which one ofthe following modes ofindividual reviewing rely on lists ofspecilic issues to address while searching for defects? | Checklist~based mode
form an effective technique for quality assurance. it is the widest in scope and applicability. | Requirements inspection and reviews
Because the requirements errors are the most expensive. numerous and persistent software errors. so 'requirements inspection 8. review process' should be applied as soon as possible | FALSE
The phase Individual reviewing inspectors reads the Requirement Documentfor defects. They can operate this phase in which ofthe following modes? | Free mode. process-based mode. checklist~based mode
Which one ofthe following activities should not be done in the phase 'Defect evaluation at review meetings' of’Requirements inspection 8. review process | Each inspector reads the RD or part of it individually to lookfor defects.
In requirements validation by specification animation, the _______ is an execution of the software model, and an animation is a visualization of the simulated model in its environment. | Simulation
Domain-specific checklists specialize the defect-based ones to the specific constructs ofthe structured, semi-format or formal specification language used in the requirement document. | FALSE
Which one of the following links is not a traceability type? | Anticipation link
ln "Traceability management process", which one of the following phases is concerned with four issues: the link granularity, link semantic richness, link accuracy and link overhead? | Establish traceability links
requires us to identify likely changes, assess their likelihood and document them in the Requirement Document. | Change anticipation
In a Change Control process, the necessity, feasibility, benefits, impact and cost of the requested changes are evaluated by a | Review board
Traceability relies on the existence of between items that we can follow backwards, towards source items, and forwards,towards target items. | None ofthe others
Which one of the following activities should be done in "Change evaluation & prioritization" phase of "Change Control" process | The review board is responsible to assess the merits, feasibility and cost of the proposed changes in the change request. Some proposed changes are approved, others are rejected and others are deferred.
Dependency is the most general type of traceability link that can be specialized into and links within a single version. | Variant/ Revision
Traceability management refers to the process of establishing, recording, exploiting and maintaining traceability in a traceability | Links/ Graph
Behavioural goals are used for building specifications ofthe system. | Operational
A goal refinement graph showthe refinement and contribution links among goals. | Requirements
An expectation is a goal assigned to a single agent of the . | system-to-be
Which one ofthe following statements is a"soft goal"'? | The meeting scheduler software should be easyto use by administrative staff
are used as criteria for selecting system options among multiple alternatives | Soft goals
Goals provide a basic abstraction for addressing the dimension of requirements engineering. | WHY
Goals provide a precise ________ for requirements completeness and pertinence. | Role
Unlike domain properties and goals may be refined. negotiated, assigned as responsibilities to agents and transformed in case of conflict or overexposure to risks | hypotheses
Goals are generallyfound bytop-down of higher-le\/el concerns and by bottom-up _from lower-le\/el material such as scenario examples and operational descriptions | Egfinement/ abstraction
n the goal model. the finer-grained a goal is, the are required to satisfy it. | Feweragents
To start building a goal model, we may obtain ________ goals. Once these goals are obtained, we may build refinement and abstraction paths in a goal diagram | Preliminary
A goal model makes it possible to capture _______ alternative options | Two kinds of (Alternative goal refinement, Alternative responsibility assignments)
We can build refinements and abstraction paths in a goal diagram by recursively asking ___and___ questions about available goals, respectively | HOW / WHY
An AND-refinement of a goal G into sub-goas G1,G2… ,Gn should be | Complete, consistent and minimal
An AND-refinement states that the parent goal can be sastified by sastifying ___sub-goals in the refinement. | All
The goals G1, G2, …, Gn are divergent in a domain Dom if we can find a feasible boundary condition B under which the goals cannot satisfied the arguments | {G1,G2..,Gn,Dom} |   = false
Which one of the following statements about the leaf nodes in goals refinements trees is false? | They can not be domain properties or hypotheses.
In obstacle diagram, leaf obstacles are connected to countermeasure goals through __________. | Resolution links
Like in any risk management process, obstacle analysis is an iteration of _______ cycles. | Identify - Assess - Control
Goals and obstacles are dual notions. Therefore, we can derive obstacle categories from _____. | Goal categories
Obstacle analysis is a ______ of risk analysis aimed at identifying, assessing and resolving the possibilities of breaking assertions in the system’s goal mod | goal-based form
Which one is the “domain completeness” condition for OR-refinement of obstacle O into alternative sub-obstacles Oi: | {not O1, not O2, ..., not On, Dom} |   = not O
An obstacle is a pre-condition for ______ of some goal, hypothesis or questionable domain property used in the goal model. | non-satisfaction
Goal obstruction propagates _______ along goal AND-refinement trees | bottom-up
not (if A then B) amounts to: | A and not B
An entity is | None ofthe others
A/an _________ is a discrete set of instances of a domain-specific concept that are manipulated by the modelled system | Conceptual object
The multiplicity on one side of an association specifies the minimum and maximum number of object instances on _______ that may be associated. | this side
Each linked object in an association plays specific _____ in the association | Role
In specialization, the object SubOb plays the role ______ whereas the object SuperOb plays the inverse role ______. | Specializes /Generalizes
An attribute is | An intrinsic feature of an object regardless of other objects in the model
An object model provides a _________ of the system-as-is and system-to-be. | structural view
The association is also called under synonymous term | relationship
The features shared by object instances include | object’s definition, type, individual attributes, associations, domain invariants
An agent model captures the ____-dimension of requirements engineering | WHO
Which one of the following statements is the definition of “capability instance declaration” (ClD) | lt annotating a monitoring or control link makes precise which agent instance is monitoring or controlling the attribute/association of which object instance
A goal under the responsibility ol an agent must be realizable by the agent in view ol its | Capabilities
In the agent model, an agent ag1 is said to depend on another agent ag2 for a goal G under the responsibility of ag2, if ___’s failure to get G satisfied can result in ___’s failure to get one of its assigned goals satisfied | ag2 / ag1
Which of the following statements about agent capabilities is wrong? | An agent monitors an association if its instances can control this association holds between object instances
An agent is an ______ system component play a role in goal satisfaction. | Active
Agent capabilities are defined in terms ol the system variables that the agent can and | Monitor/ control
What is an agent-goal co-refinement process? | A process in which an agent and its assigned goals are refined in parallel into finer-grained agents, sub-goals and responsibility assignments
An operationalization diagram is an annotated graph showing the system operations, their ______ to goals in the goal model and input/output links to objects in the object model. | operationalization links
Which one of the following statements is false? | Multiple agents perlorm an operation.
The specification of an operation therefore includes a set of prescriptive conditions on operation applications. These conditions are aimed at ensuring that ______. | the goals underlying the operation are satisfied
In _______ scheme, the agent instance applies the operation when it is really obliged to do so; that is, when one of the operation’s required trigger conditions becomes true. | a lazy behavior
The operation is not applied if a trigger condition becomes true in a state where the operation’s domain pre-condition is not true. | False
Which one of the following statements about required condition is true? | none of the others
A particular application ofthe operation yields a state from a state in lnputState to a state in OutputState. | Transition
A/An ________  designates an object instance to which the operation applies. The state of this instance affects the application of the operation | Input variable
A/An ________  designates an object instance to which the operation acts. The state of this instance affects the application of the operation | Output variable
A use case diagram provides an outline view of an operation model by showing the operations that an agent performs together with ________ with other agents. | interaction links
Domain pre- and post-conditions are prescriptive. | False
The instance level is made of concepts that are instances of meta-level abstractions | False
A meta-model is a conceptual model for the meta-level, the highest level, thus consisting of concepts, relationships, attributes and constraints defined in all levels (meta-, domain- and instance-level). | F
System model is made up of five views. Which one of the following view captured | None of the others
The name of the elements defined in a package are | Local to the package and its descendants
Two meta-attributes are mandatory for any meta-concept whatever view it refers to: | “Name” and “Def”
To facilitate model configuration and evolution, we should specify _________ among packages. | Inheritance links
Product-related risks may result in delayed product delivery, cost overruns, deterioration of project team morale and so forth | true
Which one of the following statements is the definition of "required trigger condition" | A required trigger condition for a goal is a sufficient condition on the operation's input states for satisfaction of this goal by any application of the operation.
Which one of the following statements about the leaf nodes in goals refinement trees is false? | They can not be domain properties or hypotheses
Which one in the following techniques is not belong to Stakeholder-driven techniques | Repertory grids
Which variable is not one of the following four variables of the four-variable model | Accepted variables
For stepwise refinement of a state diagram, we may decompose a state into sequential or concurrent sub-states. ln both cases, the finer-grained sub-states are called nested states, whereas the super-state is called a | True , Composite state
The phase "lndividual reviewing", inspectors reads the Requirement Document for defects. They can operate this phase in which of the following modes? | Free mode, process-based mode, checklist-based mode
An operation model addresses the of requirements engineering by capturing the functional services that the target system should provide in order to meet its goals | WHAT-dimension
How many kinds of node does risk tree have? | 2 (failure nodes and logical nodes)
Which one of the following statements about behavior model is false? | State machines capture sequences of state transitions for the variables controlled by any agent instance within a class
Which one of the following statements is the definition of attribute? | An attribute is an intrinsic feature of an object regardless of other objects in the model.
A state machine is represented in UML by a variant of a called a state diagram. | State-chart
Software requirements is a prescriptive statement to be enforced by the software-tobe and formulated in terms of phenomena | shared by the software and the environment
Which elicitation technique allow us to prepare before meeting stakeholders: | Background study
How many kinds of alternative options can a goal model capture? | two kinds of alternative options (Alternative goal refinements, Alternative responsibility assignments)
Which one of the following statements about package is false? | The names of elements defined in a package are local to the package but are not visible to its descendants.
Functional requirements: prescribe what the software-to-be should provide. | services
Which features does Multi-view modeling framework enforce the system views satisfied? | Consistency, completeness and feasibility
Which one of the following statements is the definition of entity? | None ofthe others
Sometimes, requirements or assumptions might take risks. Therefore, we must identify new as countermeasures to these risks. | Requirements
ln an operation model, an operation is annotated by individua l features such as its and its domain pre- and post-conditions. | Signature
The data-activity duality principle requires actigram items to have some in a datagram, and vice versa. | Counterparts
A goal under the responsibility of an agent must be realizable by the agent in view of its ________. | capabilities
System-as-is: system as it should be when the machine will be built and operated in it. | False
Which of the following statements about risk is false? | Risk may have a positive impact on corresponding objectives.
Conflict management process comprises: | (1)»(4)»(3)»(2)
in stakeholder-driven elicitation techniques, how many kinds of Interview are traditionally distinguished | two
In figure 14.6 which one of the following word is the name of (B) | Operationlization
The instance level is made of concepts that are instances of meta-level abstractions | F
A meta model is a conceptual model for the meta-level the highest level , this consitting of concept | T
System model is made up of the five views . Which one of the following view captured by goal model | None of other
The name of elements defined in a package are __________. | Local to the package and is descendants
In figure 14.4. Which one of the following word is the name of (A) | Association
Two meta-attributes are mandastory for any meta-concept whatever view it refer to | “Name” and “ Del”
In figure 14.4. Which one of the following word is the name of (C) | Behaviour Model
Which one of the following object is the root meta-concept | System model
System requirement may include: | All about
User requirement may include: | All about
Requirements discovery including how many technique are introduced. | 4
Interviewing is one of technique introduced. This technique inside of what process: | Elicitation and Analysis
Is this true? If said: “The requirements management process includes planning and change management”. | Y
Is this true? If said: “Ethnography is particularly effective at discovering of requirements”. | Y
What's the key factor of Requirement Elicitation? | Stakeholder involve
How many notations have been introduced in Data-flow model? | 3
Many types of interface had been defined. Show us what are interface type have been introduced in the list below | All
How many main problems need to be checked during feasibility study | 3
Study object models for one system, each object has been named and showed the relation between them (by inheritance, aggregation,… ). What is forced rule had to follow in terms bellow. | The object name have been different each other
How many principal stages to a change management process had been introduced in text book. | 3
Is this true if said: Ethnography is one technique including in requirements elicitation and analysis process. | Y
In below requirement statements, which is the user requirement? | The software must provide a mean of representing and assessing external files created by other tools
Who is the reader of user requirements | System end users
Which is non-functional requirement | Constraints on the services or functions offered by the system such as timing constraints, constraints on the development process, standards, etc.
In the requirement statements for a library management system below, which is NOT a non-functional requirement? | The system shall allow the users to search for an item by title, author, or ISBN.
In below statements, which is NOT a correct definition for requirement measures | Ease of use means training time or number of help frames
Given following activities in the requirement engineering process: | (1) => (3) => (4) => (2)
Which is NOT an input of the requirement engineering process | Requirement documents
Which are outputs of the requirement engineering process | Agreed requirements
Which is NOT a factor for almost feasibility study to base on for its decision | New technology in the world
What is NOT a purpose of the requirement analysing | Gather information about the proposed and existing systems and distilling the user
Given that you are at the “Requirements classification and organization” step during the elicitation and analysis phase, what is next step? | Requirements prioritization and negotiation
The target of requirement realism checking is to answer which of following questions? | Can the requirements be implemented given available budget and technology
Which is not an activity during the requirements review? | Which is not an activity during the requirements review?
On security specification section had recommend many types of security requirement. How many types of security requirements are introduced? | 10
What are contents including on critical systems specification? | All
They predicted that, by the 21st century, a large proportion of software would be developed using formal methods. This prediction has not come true. How many main reasons introduced in text book for this conclution? | 4
Indicate in items below what is one of fundamental approaches to formal specification have been used to write detailed specifications for industrial software systems. | All
Software reliability specification including: | all
What is not type of system models that we may create during the analysis process | None
What is not strategy had been introduced in text book for risk reduction assessment? | Risk definition and separate them with system
Risk can be categorized too much way. What bellow is way applying for categorized the risk? | all
Some examples of different types of failure are introduced. How many classes shown in Failure classification text book | 6
Structural perspective will show | The system or data architecture
Which model type will show how entities have common characteristics | Classification model
Data processing model will show | How the data is processed at different stages
What is NOT true with context model | Context models show what lies inside the system boundaries
The data flow model will show | The processes and the flow of information from one process to another
What is NOT a type of behavioural model | Data flow diagram
What is NOT the purpose of data flow diagrams | Show data structure of the system
What is the purpose of state machine model | Model the behaviour of the system in response to external and internal events
Which is NOT an object model | Structure models
Which is not a stage in risk-based analysis | Risk planning
Which is output of the Risk analysis and classification stage | Risk assessment
What is NOT true with the safety specification | It is applied to the system as individual sub-systems
Which is a functional safety requirement | Definitions of the safety functions of the protection system
What is the purpose of the “Threat assignment” stage during the security specification | Assign a list of associated threats for each identified asset
Which is NOT critical attribute(s) | Usability
Which of the following techniques has the process as below? | Knowledge reuse
Which of the following is an elicitation technique that provides a concrete flavor of what the software will look like | Prototypes and mock-ups
can be helpful for eliciting non-functional requirements related to usability, performance, and costs. | Data Collection
Which of the following is not an objective of domain understanding and requirements elicitation stage? | Select the preferred proposal system
The target of ________ is a set of low-risks, conflict-free requirements and assumptions that stakeholders agree on. | Requirements Evaluation
Which of the following items is not a type of inconsistency of requirements? | Inconsistency management
These are statements that can not be satisfied when taken together; their logical conjunction evaluates to false in all circumstances. | Strong conflict
The following sample statement is a ________ statement | Weak conflict or divergence
Risk management process contains the following stages, except for | Risk resolution
The goals of risk assessment is to assess likelihood of risks, _________, likelihood of consequences, to control high-priority risks | risk severity
Assume that risk (r) only cause one consequence (c). Give Likelihood (c) = 0.7, Severity (c) = 5, cost(cm) =  0.5. Exposure(r) = | 3.5
The goals of _______ is to reduce high-exposure risks through countermeasures | Risk control
Which of the following items are not exploring risk countermeasures techniques? | Using design methodologies
Which of the following items is not a step in the process of risk management with DDP for RE? | Quantitative reasoning for evaluating options
Give Evaluation Criteria (NFRs) of scheduling Meeting program to quantitative reasoning for evaluation options as below: | 0.55
Which of the following items is a range of estimated score percentage of option (opt) on criterion (crit): Score (opt, crit) ? | 0-1
Which of the following items is not a step of Value-cost prioritization process? | Build comparison matrix
ER diagram is made from three core constructs: entities, __________ and relationships. | Attributes
In Figure 4.9 | ResolveConflicts is a ‘sub-operation’ of DetermineSchedule ,DenyRequest is an alternative operation of AskConstraints, when the condition named Unauthorized holds.
Figure 4.10 shows an Event Trace Diagram specifying a meeting scheduling scenario. The first event is meetingRequest, ________ by an Initiator instance and _________ by a Scheduler instance. | controlled/monitored
In state machine diagram, the event occurrence is a ________ condition for transition firing, whereas a guard is a ________ condition for firing. | sufficient/necessary
In figure 4.11, the “Planning” state (source state) changes to “MeetingScheduled” state (target state) if __________ (the event) occurs and only if _________ (the guard condition) is true. | scheduleDetermination/[No conflicts]
In figure 4.15, the ER diagram is a confusing requirement. | T
A_________ is captured by a sequence of state transitions for the system items that the component control | Behavior
Which of the following are differences of problem diagram comparing with context diagram? | (sai)Shared phenomena are controlled/monitored by components
Which one of the following activities should not be done in the phase “Defect evaluation at review meetings” of “Requirements inspection & review process”: | Each inspector reads the RD or part of it individually to look for defects.
Requirements Inspection process uses __________ guidelines to make it more effective in finding defects. | WHAT-WHO-WHEN-WHERE
Because the requirements errors are the most expensive, numerous and persistent software errors, so “requirements inspection & review process” should be applied as soon as possible. | F
Which one of the following modes of individual reviewing rely on lists of specific issues to address while searching for defects? | Checklist-based and Process-based modes
Domain-specific checklists specialize the defect-based ones to the specific constructs of the structured, semi-format or formal specification language used in the requirement document. | F
Which of the following questions are in the checklist used for verifying "Poor structuring" defect type (choose three)? | (sai) Would there , Does this statement entail
Which of the following questions are in the checklist used for verifying "Over specification" defect type (choose two)? | Would there be  , Does this statement entail
Which of the following questions are in the checklist used for verifying "Ambiguity" defect type (choose two)? | Can this statement be , Are there other
Traceability relies on the existence of ___________ between items that we can follow backwards, towards source items, and forwards, towards target items. | Dependency links
To document assumption and requirement changes, we may assign qualitative levels of ________ to the statements, or levels of ________ in the case of multiple variants. | Stability / Commonality
Dependency is the most general type of traceability link that can be specialized into _____ and _____ links within a single version. | Use / Derivation
Traceability management process composes of 4 phases: | d, b, a, c (4,2,1,3)
Traceability management refers to the process of establishing, recording, exploiting and maintaining traceability _____ in a traceability _____. | Links / Graph
Which of the following actions does the review board need to do when reviewing changes of requirements (Choose three)? | Understand  , Assess the benefits , Estimate the
Which of the following are activities to be done in "Change Consolidation" stage of change control process (choose three)? | (sai) Prioritize the , Detect potential
Which of the following are activities to be done in "Change Evaluation and prioritization" stage of change control process (choose two)? | Prioritize , Detect potential
Behavioral goals are used for building _________ specifications of the system. | Operational
Goals are generally found by top-down ________ of higher-level concerns and by bottom-up ______ from lower-level material such as scenario examples and operational descriptions. | Refinement / abstraction
In the goal model, the finer-grained a goal is, the _______ are required to satisfy it. | fewer agents
A goal refinement graph show the refinement and contribution links among goals. ________ appear as leaf nodes in this graph. | Requirements
Which of the following items are not non-functional goals (Choose two)? | Information , Satisfaction
prescribe different types of protection of agent assets against unintended behaviors | Security goals
refers to the use of goals for requirements elicitation, evaluation, negotiation, elaboration, structuring, documentation, analysis and evolution. | Goal-oriented RE
An AND-refinement of a goal G into sub-goals G1, G2, …, Gn should be | Complete, consistent, minimal
The goal model captures ______ and_______ | responsibility, reference links
We can build refinement and abstraction paths in a goal diagram by recursively asking ___ and ___ questions about available goals, respectively | HOW / WHY
Figure 9 shows the __________________ | Divide-and-conquer refinement pattern.
Given figure 8-11 below.  Which of the followings is a pattern used in the figure? | Guard-introduction pattern
Which refinement pattern is applied for the goal refinement in the figure 8-12? | Case-driven refinement pattern
Peter is responsible for goals discovery in RE. He uses some words like "in order to, so as to, so that,.. etc." to search goals in documents. Which of the followings is a Heuristic rules that Peter is using? | Search for goal-related keywords
An AND-refinement of obstacle O into sub-obstacles O1, O2,…, On should meet the following conditions: | 1 & 2
(A) / (B) should be. | ReverseThrustEnabled And Not WheelsTurning / WheelsTurning And Not ReverseThrustEnabled
Obstacles completeness can show about ______ and_______ (Choose two) | what we know about  , obstacle analysis may
Which conditions does a statement about an obstacle to an assertion need to meet? | (sai) {O, Dom } |   =  not G     
OR-refinement of obstacle O should be … | (sai) {subO1,..., subOj-1, subOj+1 , ..., subOn, Dom } |   = O
A specialization link may be introduced in a model between an object SubOb and an object SuperOb if every current instance of _____ is a current instance of _____ as well. | SubOb / SuperOb
An______ link may be introduced between an object Ob and objects PartOb1,… PartObn if every current instance of Ob is a tuple of current instances of PartOb1, …., PartObn. | aggregation
_______ is a particular case of aggregation whether the composite object Ob and its parts PartObi appear and disappear together in the system. | composition
Agent capabilities are defined in terms of the system variables that the agent can _____ and _____ | Monitor / control
In figure 11.4, what is the name of the annotation attached to the link between the agent and the operation in the agent model? | Performance instance declaration
Which one of the following statements is the definition of “capability instance declaration” (CID)?. | It annotating a monitoring or control link makes precise which agent instance is monitoring or controlling the attribute/association of which object instance
In figure 11.6, “Train” and “TrainInfo” are classified as | Entities
A particular application of the operation yields a state _______ from a state in InputState to a state in OutputState. | transition
In scenario diagram, an interaction is a/an _________. | Instantaneous object
In positive scenario, the sequence of interactions illustrates a possible way of satisfying an obstacle to a goal. | F
External events: the agent associated with the State Machine does not controls. | T
In an SM diagram, a transition is labelled by _____ from a source state to a target state. | an event
Which one of the following statements about required condition is true? In a state machine diagram, a guard condition captures a _______ condition for state transition. | necessary
The initial states of the instance correspond to the states where it disappears from the system | F
In figure 13.6, the pair of object instances [PatrID, self] is called: | the attributes of event checkOut
Which part of Figure 13.4 is called “episode”?. | (A)
A scenario is a temporal sequence of interaction events among agent. | F
Which of the followings are not strengths of goal model? | concrete examples,acceptance test data
Which of the followings are strengths of state machines model | visual abstraction  , code generation
Which of the following are semantic rules used to define sequential state decomposition? | The instance modelled by the diagram is in the super-state if and only if it is in one (and only one) of the sequential sub-states/An incoming transition to the super-state is by default inherited by every sequential sub-states as an incoming transition to it.
In figure 14.4, which one of the following word is the name of (A): | Association
In figure 14.6, which one of the following word is the name of (B): | Operationalization
In figure 14.7, which one of the following word is the name of (C): | BehaviourModel
All of the following statements about structural consistency of the goal and object models are correct, EXCEPT? | Every goal in the goal model must be existent in the object model
All of the following statements about structural consistency of the goal and behavior models are incorrect, EXCEPT? | Every scenario in the behavior model must be covered by at least one goal in the goal model
________ is the requirement document item, which stating a problem world feature in a way that can not be precisely compared with alternative options, or can not be tested or verified in machine solution. | Inadequacy
In a _________ project, a brand new software solution is built from scratch to address problems with the system-as-is and exploit new opportunities from technology evolution or market conditions. | Greenfield
____________refer to "the contextual reasons for a new version of a system must be made explicit in terms of objectives" to be satisfied by | the WHY dimension
Which of the following is not a stage of requirement engineering process? | Requirement Traceability
We should do the imtems in interview guidelines as below | centre
Which of following techniques focuses on task elicitation in the system-as-is to acquire contextualization of information | Ob & eht
Which of the following is NOT a rick-reduction tactics | Using
main evaluation criteria for selecting preferred countermeasures | Cost
project a software solution is developed to address the actual needs of one specific customer in the context of one specific organiation | cus
is NOT a disadvantage of Prototypes & Mock-up technique | Quick
NOT a strength of group sessions technique | can be used to contextualization
type of risks can we use component inspection technique to identify | Dev
All of the following describe the central role of goals in the requirements engineering process | mechanism for struc
when doing goals refinement, we refine goals until | single
Figure 10 shows | milestone
usages of goal categories | refining and abstracting
captures the activities and data in the system | SADT
A context diagram that can be further detailed by indicanting explicitly which component controls a shared prenomena, which component constitutes the machine needs to be built, and which components are affected by which requirements | Problem
in the figure 8.28 | Refinement towards goal realizability
The goal model captures _____ and responsibility links from goals to system agents | operationzation
In the figure 8.29 | by case
is a helpful technique that is used for eliciting non-functional requirements e.g. perfomance requirements | DAta
precribes intended behaviours where a target condition must sooner or later hold whenever some other condition holds in the current system state | achive
An(a) ______ is a statement to be satisfied by the environment and formulated in terms of environmental phenomena | ass
There are the following backwards of prototypes and mock-up technique | cann't
In a __________ project, the system-as-is already offers software solutions; the software-to-be needs to intergrate, improve, adapt or extend such solutions | brown
questions should be used while writing a requirements document | way
What should we do in the stakeholder analysis stage of RE | dai nhat
A systematic process of managing conficts has the tages: Identify overlapping stament, Generate conflict resulutions . Which of the following item is a correct order of the process | I D G E
The domain understanding and requirements elicitation stage involves a great deal of knowledge acquisition | dai nhat
is not a criterion of stakeholder selection | issues
questions is in the checklist used for verifying "Unfeasibility" | is this RD
advantages of free documentation in unrestricted natural language are correct | e.g
is a standard technique for structuring complex if-then condition | table
At higher levels, there are coarser-grained goals stating_______related to the business or organisation | strategic
When we are unfamiliar with system-as-is, we may need to acquire knowledge through the following ways | dai nhat
is a prscriptive statement to be enforced by software-to-be, possibly in cooperation with other system components, and formulated in terms of environment phenomena | system
about local rules on writing statements in requirements document | make
activities should NOT be done in "Change Initiation" | maintains
not a reason for goals being so important in the RE process | analysis
are correct inputs of the specification and documentation | system-to-be
Which the following is NOT a strength of group sessions technique? | Group sessions can be used to get contextualization of information
_____techniques reply more on specific types of artifact to support the elicitation process | Artefact-driven
Which of the following is the systen as it should be when the machine will be built and operated in it | system-to-be
______is the requirement document item,which cannot be realistically implemented within assigned budget,schedule,or development platform | Unfeasibiily
Which of the following is NOT stage of requirement engineering process | Requirement Traceability
which of the following is the system that exists before the machine is built into it | system-as-is
the following are obstacles to effective knowledge acquisition from stakeholders,EXCEPT | Interacting whith stakeholders
Requirement engineering is | the processes involed in developing system requirement
Which of the follwing is NOT a stakehoder-driven elicitation techniques | Interview
Components pertaining to the machine's surrounding world will form | Evironment of software-to-be
The larget of______is a set of low-risks,conflict-free requirements and asssumptions that stakeholders agree on | Requirements Validation
Which of the following items is NOT a step of Value-cost prioritization process | Build comparison matrix
the following criteria are used for selecting sample stakeholders,EXCEPT ? | Ability of creating prototypes for system-to-be
In a___project,a software solution is developed to address the actual needs of one specifict customer in the context of one specific organization | customer-driven
which of the following items is NOT a step in the process of risk management with DDP for RE | Quantitative reasoning for evaluating options
Which of the following canbe helful eliciting non-functional requirements related to usability,performance,and costs | Data Collection
_____addresses the assigment of responsibilities for archieving the objectives,services,and constraints among the components of the system-to-be | the WHO dimension
Which of the following is a skill required for interacting with stakeholders | knowledge reformulation
Which of the following are NOT exploring risk countermeasures technique | Reusing know countermeasures
Which of the following is NOT a concept-driven acquisition technique | Interview
Which of the following items is NOT a type of inconsistency of requirements | inconsistency management
_____refer to"the contextual reasons for a new version of a system must be made explicit in terms of objecttives" to be satisfied by" | the WHY demension
which of the following is used to explore how the sysem-as-is is running | card sort & repertory grid
Assumed that risk(r) only cause one consequence(c).Give Likelihood(c)=0.7,Severity(c)=5,cost(cm)=0.6.Exposure(r)=? | 3.5
Fast responds:(Significanse weighting:0.30;Option 1 score:0.40) | 0.55
_____state properties about the system that hold regardless of how the system behaves.Such properties hold typically because | Descriptive statements
____These are statement that cannot be satisfied when together, their logical conjunction evaluates to flase in all circumtances | Strong conflic
_____state desirable properties abot the system that may hold or not depending on how system behaves | Prescriptive statements
____show static and dynamic aspects of user-software interaction | A suser interface prototypes
The goals of ___ is to reduce high-exposure risks through coutermeasures | Risk control
The goals of risk assessment it to assess likehood of risk,___,likehood of consequence,to control high-priority risk | risk severity
the following statement is an example of ____ The same book copy cannot be borrowed by two different people at the same time | Presccriptive statement
Which of the following is an INCORRECT statements about the leaf nodes | They cannot be
Which of the followings captures the activities and data | SADT diagrams
form an effective technique | "Requirements inspection and reviews"
Because the requirements errors | FALSE
Which of the following modes of individual | Checklist-based and process-based
prescribe different types of | security goals
We can build refinement | HOW/WHY
Figure 4.10 show an event trace | controlled/monitored
Unlike domain properties | hypotheses
Figure 9 shows the | Divide-and-conquer refinement
The goal model captures | operationalization links
all the following questions should be in the checklist | Would there be alternative
Figure 10 shows the | milestone-driven
is captured by a sequence | Behavior
Which of the following statements is a "soft goal" | The meeting scheduler
Actigrams (Datagrams) declare | Control
The goals G1, G2 | {G1,G2,...,Gn, B , Dom}=false
ER diagram is made | Attributes
Which of the following activities should NOT be done | Each inspector
The multiplicity on one side of an association specifies the minimum and maximum number of object | this side
The association is also called under synonymous term | 'relationship'
A use case diagram provides an outline view of an operation model by showing the operations that an agent performs together with | operationalization links
An entity is | An instantaneous object
Goal obstruction propagates ______ along goal AND-refinement trees | bottom-up
In obstacle diagram, leaf obstacles are connected to countermeasure goals through | responsibility links
An agent is an ______ system component play a role in goal satisfaction | Active
Like in any risk management process, obstacle analysis is an iterarion of | Indentify - Assess - Control
A/an _______ is a discrete set of instances of a domain-specific concept that are manipulated by the modelled system | Object class
Goals and obstacles are dual | Goals
Which of the following can we base on to | Behavioral model
OR-refinement of obstacle O | {subO1,..., subOj+1,..., subOn, Dom}=O
A goal under the responsibility | Capabilities
Agent instances have individual behaviors captured by sequence of state transitions for the___that they control. | object attribute
In figure 11.4, what is the name of the annotation attached to the link between the aganet | Performance instance declaration
A goal G is correctly operationlized in to Op1, ...,Opn if and only if the specification Spec(Op1) | G/={Spec(Op1),..,Spec(Opn)}
The operation is not applied if a trigger condition becomes true in a state where the operation's domain pre-condition is not true | True
Which of the following conditions is NOT a statement about an obstacle to an assertion need to meet | O can be satisfied by some system behavior
Obstacles completeness can show about____and obstacle analysis may help elitcit and validate relevant domain properties | what we know about the domain and how adequate our knowledge is
In specialization, the object SubOb plays the role___whereas the object SuperOb plays the inverse role___ | Specializes/ Generalizes
The features shared by object instances include | object's definition,type,invidual attributes,associations,domain invariants
All of the following statements about local rules on writing statements in | Make sure that every concept
An obstacle is a pre-condition for | non-satisfation
The following questions should be in the checklist used for verifying | Poor structuring
Agent capabilities are defined in terms of the system variables | Monitor/control
Which of the following items are not exploring risk countermeasures techniques | Using design methodologies
All of the following statements about outputs of requirement | All general objectives, system requirement,software requirement
All of the following activities should NOT be done in "Change Initiation" | Maintains a wishlist of possible changes
All of the following activities should NOT be done in "Change Evaluation and prioritization" | Prioritize the accepted
____ addresses the assignment of responsibilities for | the WHO dimension
An operation model addresses the | WHAT-dimension
In "Traceability management process", which one of the following phases is | Establish traceability links
All of the following statements about background study techniques are correct EXCEPT? | An obvious strength of the technique is that it
All of the following activities should be done in "Change Consolidation" stage | Prioritize the accepted changes
A_____ is captured by a sequence of state transitions for | Behavior
The following questions should be in the checklist used for verifying | Over specification
Which of the following is not a reason for goals being so important | Goal do not provide anchors for risk
A state machine is represented in UML by a variant | State-chart
All of the following are correct inputs of the specification and | System-to-be- design documents
Which of the following statements about agent capabilities is wrong? | An agent monitor an association
An agent model captures the ___ dimension of requirements engineering | WHO
Which one of the following statements is the definition of "capability instance declaration" | Capability..... monitoring or control
which of the following í a helpful technique that is used for elicting non-functional requirements e.g. performance requirements | Data colection
All of the following actions,the review board need to do when reviewing changes of requirements EXCEPT | Maintains a wishlist of posible...
____prescibles intended behaviours where a target condition must sooner or later hold whenever some other condition holds in the | An achieve goal
The multiplicity on one side of an association specifies the minium and maximum number of object on___that may be associated | this side
All of the following questions should NOT be in the cheklist used for verifying"Over specification"defect type EXCEPT | Would there be alternative...
An(a)___ is a statement to be satisfied by the environment and formulated in tems of environmental | assumption
In obstacle diagram,leaf obstacles are connected to countermeasure goals through___ | Resolution links
There are following backwards of prototypes and mock-up technique,exceptfor | Can not understand implications
Which of the following statements is the definition of entity | None of the other
Which one of the following statements is the definition of "required trigger condition" | A required condition for a goal is a suffcient condition on the operation's
In a___project,the system-as-is already offers sofware solution;the software -to-be needsintegate, | Brownfield
The goal of rick assessment is to assess likehood of ricks,___,likelihood of consequences,to control high-priority ricks | risk severity
The following questions should be used while writing a requirements document EXCEPT | Can it be expressed in a comlex way
Which features dows Multi-view modeling framwork enforce system views satisfied | Consistency, completeness and complemenarity
What should we do in the stakeholder analysis stage of RE | Determine a representative sample of stakeholders based in their
A systematic process of managing conflicts has the stages;Identify overrlapping statements,generate | Identify,Detect,Generate,Evaluate
Which one of the following statements about package is false | The same of elements
A goal under the responsibility of an agent must be realizable by the agent in view of its___ | Capabulities
Which of the following statements about behavior model is false | Agent behaviors are made through scenarios or through state machines
Which one of the following statements is the definition of attribute | An attribute is an intrinsic feature of an object regardless of other objects in the model
Which of the following is not a criterion of stakeholder selection | Exposure to perceived
All of the following questions should be in the checklist used for verifying'Poor structuring"defect type EXCEPT | Would there ve alternative sensible choices
Which of the following question is in the checklist used for verifying"Unfeasibility" | Is this RD item
For stepwise refinement of state diagram,we may decompose a state into sequential or concurrent sub-states,In both cases,thefiner | Composite state
All of the following statements about advantages of free documentation in unrsestriced natural | There is no notable ambiguites
All of the following question should NOT be in the hecklist used for verifying"Ambiguity" | Can this statement be interpreted differently
____refer to"the contexttual reasons for a new version of a system must be made explicit in terms of objecttives"to be | the WHY dimension
A/an___is a discrete set of instances of a domain-specific concept that are mainpulated | Conceptual object
______refers to the use of goals for requirements eliciation,evaluation,elaboration, | Goal-oriented RE
Which of the following is a standard technique for structuring comlex if-then condition | Using decision table
At higher level,there are coarser-grained goals stating___related to the bussiness or the organisation | strategic objectibe
Which of the following is an elicitation technique that provides a concrete flavor of what | Prototypes and mock-ups
When we are unfamiliar with the system-as-is,we may need to acquire kmowledge through the following way EXCEPT | studying documents and reports of...
A(an)___is  prescriptive statement to be enforced by the software-to-be,possibly in cooperation with other system components | system requirement
The goals of___is to reduce high-exposure ricks through countermeasures | Rick control
In an operation model,an operation is annotated by individual features such as its___and its domain pre-and post-conditions | Signature
the system as it should be when the machine will be built and operated in it. | system-to-be
is the requirement document item, which cannot be realistically implemented within assigned budget, schedule, or development platform. | Unfeasibility
addresses the assignment of responsibilities for achieving the objectives, services, and constraints among the components of the system-to-be | the WHO dimension
statements state desirable properties about the system that may hold or not depending on how system behaves | Prescriptive
Statements state properties about the system that hold regardless of how the system behaves. Such properties hold typically because of some natural law or physical constraint. | Descriptive
is a discrete set of instances of a domain-specific concept that are manipulated by the modelled system | Conceptual object
scheme, the agent instance applies the operation when it is really obliged to do so; that is, when one of the operation’s required trigger conditions becomes true. | a lazy behavior
designates an object instance to which the operation applies. The state of this instance affects the application of the operation | Input variable
designates an object instance to which the operation acts. The state of this instance affects the application of the operation | Output variable
The phase “Individual reviewing”, inspectors reads the Requirem Document for defects | Free mode, process-based mode, checklist-based mode
is captured by a sequence of state transitions for the system items that the component control | Behavior
link may be introduced between an object Ob and objects PartOb1,… PartObn if every current instance of Ob is a tuple of current instances of PartOb1, …., PartObn. | aggregation
is a particular case of aggregation whether the composite object Ob and its parts PartObi appear and disappear together in the system. | composition
is the requirement document item, which stating a problem world feature in a way that can not be precisely compared with alternative options, or can not be tested or verified in machine solution. | Inadequacy
project, a brand new software solution is built from scratch to address problems with the system-as-is and exploit new opportunities from technology evolution or market conditions. | Greenfield
refer to "the contextual reasons for a new version of a system must be made explicit in terms of objectives" to be satisfied by | the WHY dimension
is a statement to be satisfied by the environment and formulated in terms of environmental phenomena | ass
project, the system-as-is already offers software solutions; the software-to-be needs to intergrate, improve, adapt or extend such solutions | brown
techniques reply more on specific types of artifact to support the elicitation process | Artefact-driven
is the requirement document item,which cannot be realistically implemented within assigned budget,schedule,or development platform | Unfeasibiily
project,a software solution is developed to address the actual needs of one specifict customer in the context of one specific organization | customer-driven
addresses the assigment of responsibilities for archieving the objectives,services,and constraints among the components of the system-to-be | the WHO dimension
refer to"the contextual reasons for a new version of a system must be made explicit in terms of objecttives" to be satisfied by" | the WHY demension
state properties about the system that hold regardless of how the system behaves.Such properties hold typically because | Descriptive statements
These are statement that cannot be satisfied when together, their logical conjunction evaluates to flase in all circumtances | Strong conflic
state desirable properties abot the system that may hold or not depending on how system behaves | Prescriptive statements
show static and dynamic aspects of user-software interaction | A suser interface prototypes
is a discrete set of instances of a domain-specific concept that are manipulated by the modelled system | Object class
addresses the assignment of responsibilities for | the WHO dimension
is captured by a sequence of state transitions for | Behavior
prescibles intended behaviours where a target condition must sooner or later hold whenever some other condition holds in the | An achieve goal
is a statement to be satisfied by the environment and formulated in tems of environmental | assumption
refer to"the contexttual reasons for a new version of a system must be made explicit in terms of objecttives"to be | the WHY dimension
is a discrete set of instances of a domain-specific concept that are mainpulated | Conceptual object
refers to the use of goals for requirements eliciation,evaluation,elaboration, | Goal-oriented RE
is  prescriptive statement to be enforced by the software-to-be,possibly in cooperation with other system components | system requirement
Which of the following is an elicitation technique that provides a concrete flavor of what the software will look like? | Prototypes and mock-ups
Which is not a concept-driven acquisition technique | Interview
Which is not a artefact-driven elicitation technique | Unstructured group sessions
Which is not an artefact-driven elicitation technique | Group sessions
Which is not a stakeholder-driven elicitation technique | Stakeholder analysis
In figure 10, the refinement graph is an instance of | Milestone-driven refinement pattern
diagram can be further detailed by indicating explicitly which component controls a shared phenomena | Problem
Which of the following questions are in the checklist used for verifying "Poor structuring" defect type (choose three)? | (sai) Would there be alternative sensible choices + Does this statement entail a premature design choice
Which of the following questions are in the checklist used for verifying "Over specification" defect type (choose two) | Would there be alternative sensible choices? + Does this statement entail a premature design choice?
Which one of the following statements is a “soft goal” | The meeting scheduler software should be easy to use by administrative
An entity is ___________. | None of the others
which of the following is not a rule for agent identification when building agent model | assignment to wisher
the object model plays the following roles in model-based software development except | it is used to estimate the cost of the project
which of the following provide a simple functional outline of the system-to-be | use-case diagrams
is a prescriptive statement to be satisfied by single environment agent | expectation
which of the following is not a rule for agent identification when building agent model | for a goal already..,review all the objects that
the following statement is true or false "positive scenario illustrates what should happen in term..system should cover" | true
are techniques that rely more on specific types of interaction with stakeholders | stakeholder-driven
which of the following capture positive scenarios by sequences of interactions | event trace diagrams
The following statement is true or false "prototypes can be used for user training.." | true
The following statement is true or false "the goal of scenarios technique is to acquire or validate info from concrete examples.." | false
in four-varable model, parnas stated that...are environmental quantities that software monitors through input devices such as sensors in a train control system | controlled variables
the following statement is true or false "ethnographic studies are particular case of passive observation where the requirements engineer tries, over long periods" | true
which of the following is what needs to be installed to solve the problem | the machine solution
which of the following is the type of the project, in which develops a product family | product-line
is developed for the target customer | single-product
the same company or consortium  is carrying out all project phases | in-house project
the development is carried out by subcontractors | outsourced project
one specific customer | customer-driven
potential needs of a whole market segment | market-driven
a brand new software solution | greenfield
the software-to-be needs to integrate, improve | brownfield
the following statements are correct to describe the necessaries to document identify-assess-control process, except | the documentation is needed for improvement of design and codes in the next phase
which of the following is not a risk-reduction tatic | drop lower priority
Avoid risk Reduce risk likelihood Reduce consequence likelihood Avoid risk consequence Mitigate risk consequence | risk-reduction tatic
Avoid boundary condition Restore conflicting statements Weaken conflicting statements Drop lower-priority statements Specialize conflict source or target | Conflict resolution tactics
is this concept precisely defined somewhere, are these definitions summarized in the glossary, is this objective operationalized ,are those requirements sufficient to ensure this objective, is there any additional hidden assumption, is the rationale for this requirement,if this requirement or assumption relates | omission
is this statement consistent with the system objectives,is this statement consistent with other related | contradiction
does this rd item formulate what stakeholder really expect | inadequacy
can this statement be interpreted differently in, what are the possible interpretation,are there other statements using this term | ambiguity
is there a fit criterion  associated with this quality requirement,is this fit criterion stated, cantest data be derived,is this statement stated in a way | unmeasurability
is this statement relevant to system objectives,does the negation of this statement make any sense, has this already been said without,are there any other statements using this concept | noise
does this statement entail a premature, would there be alternative sensible choices | overspecification
is this rd item implementable in view of infrastructure | unfeasibility
all of the following question should be in the checklist used for verifying "poor structuring" defect type, except | would there be alternative sensible choices
which of the following questions is in the checklists used for verifying "unfeasibility" defect type | is this rd item implementable.. budget or timing constraints
which of the following is not a reason for goals being so important in re process | goal do not provide anchors for risk analysis
All of the following are obstacles to good knowledge acquisition in identifying stakeholders stage, except | difficult study documents
an agent model of the system serves the following purpose, except? | it provides a basic for generation a glossary of terms
all of the following are usages of goal categories, except? | goal categories are using for refining goals
in four-variable model, parnas stated that.. are data items that software needs as input | input variables
all of the following are heuristic rules for later discovery of goals, except | refinement towards goal realizability
the following questions should be used while writing a requirements document except | can it be expressed in a complex way
all of the following describe the central role of goals in the requirements engineering process, except | goal refinement captures agent
which of the following is a helpful technique that is used for eliciting non-functional requirements | data collection
in the figure 8.28 , the goal refinement pattern | refinement towards goal realizability
Agent capabilities define the | monitored/controlled condition
all of the following question should be in the checklists used for verifying "unmeasurability" defect type except | is this statement relevant to system objectives and constraints
all of the following quesstion should not be in the checklist used for verifying "ambiguity" defect type except | can this statement be interpreted differently in different relevant contexts
additional sections for preliminary draft proposal | Requirements elicitation
initial sections for preliminary draft proposal and glossary of terms | Domain understanding
consolidated rd, acceptance test data, prototypes | requirements validation & verification
final sections of draft proposal documenting the selected/agreed objectives, requirements, assumptions | Evaluation & agreement
the outputs of "requirements validation & verification" stage of re process are | consolidated rd, acceptance test data, prototypes
the following statement is true or false "goals provide natural way of structuring the requirements document and anchor for risk analysis" | true
in the questionnaires technique for re, stakeholders will be easier to answer questions.. except | a multi-choice question merely requires selecting one..
all of the following are heuristic rules for eliciting preliminary goals, except | refinement by case
a goal g is correctly operationalized in to op1, ...,opn if and only if the specification spec(op1),.. sufficient for ensure g; that are the following, except | {spec(op1),..., Spec(opn)} |   =false
an.. is a statement to be satisfied by the environment and formulated in terms of environmental phenomena | assumption
all of the following are correct inputs of the specification and documentation phase except | system-to-be design documents
which of the following statements about agent capabilities is wrong | an agent monitors an association if its instances can change this association holds between object instances
a Change Control process, the necessity, feasibility, benefits, impact and cost of the requested changes are evaluated by a __________ | Review board;
A goal model makes it possible to capture _______ alternative options | two kinds of (Alternative goal refinements, Alternative responsibility assignments);
a goal refinement graph show the refinement and contribution links among goals. ________ appear as leaf nodes in this graph. | Requirements;
A goal under the responsibility of an agent must be realizable by the agent in view of its ________. | Capabilities;
A meta-model is a conceptual model for the meta-level, the highest level, thus consisting of concepts, relationships, attributes and constraints defined in all levels (meta-, domain- and instance-level). | false;
A particular application of the operation yields a state _______ from a state in InputState to a state in OutputState. | Transition;
A scenario is a temporal sequence of interaction events among agent. | false;
a software solution is developed to address the actual needs of one specific customer in the context of one specific organization | customer-driven;
A specialization link may be introduced in a model between an object SubOb and an object SuperOb if every current instance of _____ is a current instance of _____ as well. | SubOb / SuperOb;
A use case diagram provides an outline view of an operation model by showing the operations that an agent performs together with ________ with other agents. | interaction links.;
A/An ________ designates an object instance to which the operation applies. The state of this instance affects the application of the operation. | Input variable;
A/an _________ is a discrete set of instances of a domain-specific concept that are manipulated by the modelled system | Conceptual object;
which of the following is the correct type of object | (1) : aggregation, (2) : composition
Actigrams (Datagrams) declare activities (data) by their input/output data (producing/consuming activities) and interconnect them through data (___________) dependency links. | Control;
addresses the assignment of responsibilities for achieving the objectives, services, and constraints among the components of the system-to-be | the WHO dimension;
Agent capabilities are defined in terms of the system variables that the agent can _____ and _____ | Monitor / control;
all of the following are main evaluation criteria for selecting preferred countermeasures, except? | the contribution to the core functional requirements;
All of the following are usages of goal categories, except? | goal categories are using for refining and abstracting goals;
All of the following statements about structural consistency of the goal and behavior models are incorrect, EXCEPT? | Every scenario in the behavior model must be covered by at least one goal in the goal model;
All of the following statements about structural consistency of the goal and object models are correct, EXCEPT? | Every goal in the goal model must be existent in the object model;
Among outputs of the requirement engineering process, which output visualizes the system from different perspective? | a. System models
An agent is an ______ system component play a role in goal satisfaction. | Active;
An agent model captures the ____-dimension of requirements engineering | WHO;
all of the followings are main tasks of requirements evaluation & agreement stage of re process, except | identify stakeholders and improvement objectives
An AND-refinement of a goal G into sub-goals G1, G2, …, Gn should be | Complete, consistent, minimal;
An AND-refinement of obstacle O into sub-obstacles O1, O2,…, On should meet the following conditions:Which pair of the arguments is wrong? | 1 & 2;
An AND-refinement states that the parent goal can be satisfied by | all satisfying ___ sub-goals in the refinement.;
An attribute is _______________. | An intrinsic feature of an object regardless of other objects in the model;
An entity is ___________. | None of the others;
An expectation is a goal assigned to a single agent of the _________. | environment;
An object model provides a _________ of the system-as-is and system-to-be. | structural view;
An obstacle is a pre-condition for ______ of some goal, hypothesis or questionable domain property used in the goal model. | non-satisfaction;
An operation model addresses the of requirements engineering by capturing the functional services that the target system should provide in order to meet its goals. | WHAT-dimension
An operationalization diagram is an annotated graph showing the system operations, their ______ to goals in the goal model and input/output links to objects in the object model. | operationalization links;
are lists of questions structured according to the various types of defects | Defect-based checklists;
are used as criteria for selecting system options among multiple alternatives. | Soft goals;
prescribes preferences among alternative system behaviors | soft goals
Assume that risk (r) only cause one consequence (c). Give Likelihood (c) = 0.7, Severity (c) = 5, cost(cm) =  0.5. Exposure(r) = | 3.5;
Because the requirements errors are the most expensive, numerous and persistent software errors, so "requirements inspection & review process" should be applied as soon as possible. | FALSE;
Behavioral goals are used for building _________ specifications of the system. | Operational;
can be helpful for eliciting non-functional requirements related to usability,performance, and costs. | Data Collection;
Choose incorrect definition of the critical systems | a. Critical systems are system whose failure can threaten human life
Components pertaining to the machine's surrounding world will form | Environment of software-to-be;
Conflict management process comprises:(1) the identification of overlapping statements(2) the selection of the best resolutions(3) the generation of conflict resolutions(4) the detection and documentation of conflictsWhich one is the appropriate order: | (1)»(4)»(3)»(2)
Data processing model will show ….? | b. How the data is processed at different stages
Dependency is the most general type of traceability link that can be specialized into _____ and _____ links within a single version. | Use / Derivation;
diagram can be further detailed by indicating explicitly which component controls a shared phenomena, which component constitutes the machine needs to be built, and which components are affected by which requirements. | Problem;
document assumption and requirement changes, we may assign qualitative levels of ________ to the statements, or levels of ________ in the case of multiple variants. | Stability / Commonality;
domain consistency | {oi,dom} |   # false;
Domain pre- and post-conditions are prescriptive. | false;
Domain requirement may include: | C. Both above
domain-completeness | {not O1,not o2,...,not on, dom} |   =o;
Domain-specific checklists specialize the defect-based ones to the specific constructs of the structured, semi-format or formal specification language used in the requirement document. | FALSE;
Each linked object in an association plays specific _____ in the association | role;
entailment | {oi, dom} |   =o;
Entity-relationship models have been widely used in database design. How many relation types between entities in this model? | A. 3
ER diagram is made from three core constructs: entities, __________ and relationships. | Attributes;
External events: the agent associated with the State Machine does not controls. | true;
Figure 4.10 shows an Event Trace Diagram specifying a meeting scheduling scenario. The first event is meetingRequest, ________ by an Initiator instance and _________ by a Scheduler instance. | controlled/monitored;
For a binary decision table with N entry conditions, there must be _______ columns for the table to list all possible combinations of conditions exhaustively. | 2^N;
For each risk, the outcome of the risk analysis and classification process is a statement of acceptability. How many way risk can be categories? | B. 3
For stepwise refinement of a state diagram, we decompose a state into sequential or parallel sub-states. | true;
For stepwise refinement of a state diagram, we may decompose a state into sequential or concurrent sub-states. In both cases, the finer-grained sub-states are called nested states, whereas the super-state is called a _ | Composite state
Give Evaluation Criteria (NFRs) of scheduling Meeting program to quantitative reasoning for evaluation options as below:- Fast responds: (Significance weighting: 0.30; Option 1 score: 0.40)- Realizable response: (Significance weighting: 0.50; Option 1 score: 0.80) Minimal inconvenience: (Significance weighting: 0.10; Option 1 score: 0.30)Which of the following is a total score of option 1? | 0.55;
Given following activities in the requirement engineering process:	(1) Feasibility study(2) Requirement validation(3) Elicitation and analysis(4) Requirement specificationWhat is the right order? | c. (1) => (3) => (4) => (2)
Given that you are at the "Requirements classification and organization"step during the | d. Requirements prioritization and negotiation
Goal obstruction propagates _______ along goal AND-refinement trees | bottom-up;
Goals and obstacles are dual notions. Therefore, we can derive obstacle categories from _____. | Goal categories;
Goals are generally found by top-down ________ of higher-level concerns and by bottom-up ______ from lower-level material such as scenario examples and operational descriptions. | Refinement / abstraction;
Goals provide a basic abstraction for addressing the _____ dimension of requirements engineering. | WHY;
Goals provide a precise ________ for requirements completeness and pertinence. | Role;
How many activities in process of developing a formal specification of a sub-system interface had been introduced in text book? | B. 6
How many main problems need to be checked during feasibility study? | A. 3
How many main processes are introduced in term of requirements engineering process? | C. 4
How many notations have been introduced in Data-flow model? | B. 3
How many parts of requirements document had been suggested in standard IEEE/ANSI 830-1998 (IEEE,1998)? | C. 5
How many principal stages to a change management process had been introduced in text book. | B. 3
How many stage introduced on iterative process of risk analysis? | B. 4
How many types are introduced in term of classification of volatile requirements? | B. 4
In "Traceability management process", which one of the following phases is concerned with four issues: the link granularity, link semantic richness, link accuracy and link overhead? | Establish traceability links;
In a _________ project, a brand new software solution is built from scratch to address problems with the system-as-is and exploit new opportunities from technology evolution or market conditions. | greenfield;
In an operation model, an operation is annotated by individual features such as its and its domain pre- and post-conditions. | Signature
In an SM diagram, a transition is labelled by _____ from a source state to a target state. | an event;
In below requirement statements, which is the user requirement? | a. The software must provide a mean of representing and assessing external files created by other tools
In below statements, which is NOT a correct definition for requirement measures? | c. Ease of use means training time or number of help frames
In figure 11.6, "Train" and "TrainInfo" are classified as | entities;
In figure 13.6, the pair of object instances [PatrID, self] is called | he attributes of event checkOut;
In figure 14.4, which one of the following word is the name of (A): | Association;
In figure 14.6, which one of the following word is the name of (B): | Operationalization;
In figure 14.7, which one of the following word is the name of (C): | BehaviourModel;
In figure 4.11, the "Planning" state (source state) changes to "MeetingScheduled" state (target state) if __________ (the event) occurs and only if _________ (the guard condition) is true. | scheduleDetermination/[No conflicts];
In figure 4.15, the ER diagram is a confusing requirement. | True;
In Figure 4.9, "DenyRequest - <<extend>> - AskConstraints" means: | DenyRequest is an alternative operation of AskConstraints, when the condition named Unauthorized holds;
In Figure 4.9, "DetermineSchedule - <<include>> - ResolveConflicts" means: | ResolveConflicts is a 'sub-operation' of DetermineSchedule;
In obstacle diagram, leaf obstacles are connected to countermeasure goals through __________. | Resolution links;
In positive scenario, the sequence of interactions illustrates a possible way of satisfying an obstacle to a goal. | false;
In requirements validation by specification animation, the _______ is an execution of the software model, and an animation is a visualization of the simulated model in its environment. | Simulation;
In scenario diagram, an interaction is a/an _________. | Instantaneous object;
In specialization, the object SubOb plays the role ______ whereas the object SuperOb plays the inverse role ______. | Specializes  / Generalizes;
in stakeholder-driven elicitation techniques, how many kinds of Interview are traditionally distinguished: | Two
In state machine diagram, the event occurrence is a ________ condition for transition firing, whereas a guard is a ________ condition for firing. | sufficient/necessary;
In system models concept, have been introduced many difference model can be apply for SR study. These models may be used separately or together? | B. Together
In the agent model, an agent ag1 is said to depend on another agent ag2 for a goal G under the responsibility of ag2, if ___’s failure to get G satisfied can result in ___’s failure to get one of its assigned goals satisfied | ag2 / ag1;
in the figure 8.28, the goal refinement pattern is | refinement towards goal realizability;
In the goal model, the finer-grained a goal is, the _______ are required to satisfy it. | fewer agents;
In the requirement statements for a library management system below, which is NOT a non-functional requirement? | c. The system shall allow the users to search for an item by title, author, or ISBN.
In _______ scheme, the agent instance applies the operation when it is really obliged to do so; that is, when one of the operation’s required trigger conditions becomes true | a lazy behavior;
Indicate in items below what is one of fundamental approaches to formal specification have been used to write detailed specifications for industrial software systems. | D. All above
Interviewing is one of technique introduced. This technique inside of what process: | A. Elicitation and Analysis
is a particular case of aggregation whether the composite object Ob and its parts PartObi appear and disappear together in the system. | composition;
is the requirement document item, which cannot be realistically implemented within assigned budget, schedule, or development platform. | Unfeasibility;
Is this true if said: Ethnography is one technique including in requirements elicitation and analysis process | . A. Yes.
Is this true? If said: "Ethnography is particularly effective at discovering of requirements" | A. Yes
Is this true? If said: "The requirements management process includes planning and change management”. | A. Yes
Like in any risk management process, obstacle analysis is an iteration of _______ cycles. | Identify – Assess - Control;
Many components of a CASE tool for structured method support introduced in text book. Show us in list bellow, what is not components had been introduced in text book. | D. No one comply
Many problems can arise when requirements are written in natural language sentences. In list below, show us what not problem of natural language for this case is. | A. To much technical special notations
Many types of interface had been defined. Show us what are interface type have been introduced in the list below | D. All above
n figure 14.4. Which one of the following word is the name of (A) | Association
Normally, how many kinds of information should be included when a standard form is used for specifying functional requirements? | B. 7
not (if A then B) amounts to | A and not B;
not differences of problem diagram comparing with context diagram? | shared phenomena are controlled/monitored by components;
Obstacle analysis is a ______ of risk analysis aimed at identifying, assessing and resolving the possibilities of breaking assertions in the system’s goal mod | goal-based form;
obstacle disjointness | {oi,oj,dom} |   =false;
Obstacles completeness can show about ______ and_______ (Choose two) | what we know about the domain and how adequate our knowledge is + obstacle analysis may help elicit and validate relevant domain properties;
On security specification section had recommend many types of security requirement. How many types of security requirements are introduced? | C. 10
On steps of requirements validation process need: Some checking needs to carry out on the requirements in the requirement document. How many types of check are introduced? | D. 5
Operations on an abstract data type usually fall into how many classes? | B. 2
OR-refinement of obstacle O should be … | {subOi, Dom } |   = O+{subOi, subOj, Dom }    |   = false+{not subO1,..., not subOn, Dom }    |   = not O+{subOi, Dom }    |   ?  false;
Peter is responsible for goals discovery in RE. He uses some words like "in order to, so as to, so that,.. etc." to search goals in documents. Which of the followings is a Heuristic rules that Peter is using? | Search for goal-related keywords;
Please choose an incorrect statement related to the Use of FS (Formal Specification) | FS involves investing more effort in the validating stage of software development;
Please choose the correct explanation for the reliability metric "Probability of failure on demand" | a. The likelihood that the system will fail when a service request is made
prescribe different types of protection of agent assets against unintended behaviors. | Security goals;
Product-related risks may result in delayed product delivery, cost overruns, deterioration of project team morale and so forth. | True
project, a brand new software solution is built from scratch to address problems with the system-as-is and exploit new opportunities from technology evolution or market conditions | greenfield;
Queries on a requirements database" technique for "Requirements quality assurance" work on parts of the Requirements Document that are specified in terms of the __________. | Diagrammatic notations;
refer to "the contextual reasons for a new version of a system must be made explicit in terms of objectives" to be satisfied by | the WHY dimension;
refers to the use of goals for requirements elicitation, evaluation, negotiation, elaboration, structuring, documentation, analysis and evolution. | Goal-oriented RE;
Requirements discovery including how many technique are introduced | C. 4
Requirements engineering is | the processes involved in developing system requirements;
Requirements Inspection process uses __________ guidelines to make it more effective in finding defects. | WHAT-WHO-WHEN-WHERE;
requires us to identify likely changes, assess their likelihood and document them in the Requirement Document. | Change anticipation;
Risk can be categorized too much way. What bellow is way applying for categorized the risk? | D. All above
Risk management process contains the following stages, except for | Risk resolution;
shows aspects related to software functionalities | A functional prototypes;
shows static and dynamic aspects of user-software interaction. | A user interface prototypes;
Software reliability specification including: | D. All above
Software requirements is a prescriptive statement to be enforced by the software-to-be and formulated in terms of phenomena _ | shared by the software and the environment
Some examples of different types of failure are introduced. How many classes shown in Failure classification text book? | C. 6
specialize defect-based checklists to specific categories of non-functional | Quality-specific checklists;
specialize generic and quality-specific checklists to the specific concepts | Domain-specific checklists;
specialize the defect-based checklist to the specific constructs | Language-based checklists;
State machine diagram is made by two core constructs: | States, Transitions;
statements state desirable properties about the system that may hold or not depending on how system behaves | Prescriptive;
Statements state properties about the system that hold regardless of how the system behaves. Such properties hold typically because of some natural law or physical constraint | Descriptive;
Structural perspective will show ….? | a. The system or data architecture
Study object models for one system, each object has been named and showed the relation between them (by inheritance, aggregation,… ). What is forced rule had to follow in terms bellow. | B. The object name have been different each other.
Sub obstacles (A)/(B) in the figure 9.9 should be | reverse thrustenabled and not wheelsturning/ wheelsturning and not reverse thrustenabled;
System model is made up of five views. Which one of the following view captured by goal model: | None of the others;
System requirement may include: | D. All about
techniques reply more on specific types of artefact to support the elicitation process | Artefact-driven;
The association is also called under synonymous term __________ | 'relationship';
The data flow model will show …? | d. The processes and the flow of information from one process to another
The data-activity duality principle requires actigram items to have some __________ in a datagram, and vice versa. | Counterparts;
The features shared by object instances include. | object’s definition, type, individual attributes, associations, domain invariants;
The following are obstacles to effective knowledge acquisition, except for | Interacting with stakeholders,Unstable conditions;
the following criteria are used for selecting sample stakeholders, except | ability of creating prototypes for system-to-be;
The following criteria are used for stakeholder analysis, except for _ | Create prototypes for system-to-be;
The following sample statement is a ________ statement.The staff's viewpoint in our library system might state, 'a borrower should return a borrowed book copy within two weeks'. A stakeholder having the borrower's viewpoint might state, 'a borrower should keep a borrowed book copy as long as he or she needs it'. | Weak conflict or divergence;
The following statement is an example of statement:- The same book copy can not be borrowed by two different people at the same time. | Descriptive;
The following statement is an example of ____ statement: - The same book copy can not be borrowed by two different people at the same time. | Descriptive;
The goal model captures ______ and_______ | responsibility links+ reference links;
The goals G1, G2, …, Gn are divergent in a domain Dom if we can find a feasible boundary condition B under which the goals cannot satisfied the arguments | {G1, G2, …, Gn, B, Dom} |   = false;
The goals of risk assessment is to assess likelihood of risks, ________, likelihood of consequences, to control high-priority risks | risk severity;
The goals of _______ is to reduce high-exposure risks through countermeasures | Risk control;
The initial states of the instance correspond to the states where it disappears from the system. | false;
The instance level is made of concepts that are instances of meta-level abstractions. | false;
The machine's software to be developed or modified is just one component of the system-to-be that refers to | software-to-be;
The multiplicity on one side of an association specifies the minimum and maximum number of object instances on _______ that may be associated. | this side;
The name of elements defined in a package are __________. | local to the package and its descendants;
The operation is not applied if a trigger condition becomes true in a state where the operation’s domain pre-condition is not true. | true;
the operation's output states to ensure a goal | required post-condition;
The phase "Individual reviewing", inspectors reads the Requirement Document for defects. They can operate this phase in which of the following modes? | Free mode, process-based mode, checklist-based mode;
The specification of an operation therefore includes a set of prescriptive conditions on operation applications. These conditions are aimed at ensuring that ______. | the goals underlying the operation are satisfied;
the system as it exists before the machine is built into it | System-as-is;
the system as it should be when the machine will be built and operated in it. | system-to-be;
the system need to be developed when some change requirements required to be implemented in system-to-be | software-to-be;
The target of requirement realism checking is to answer which of following questions? | b. Can the requirements be implemented given available budget and technology?
The target of ________ is a set of low-risks, conflict-free requirements and assumptions that stakeholders agree on. | Requirements Evaluation;
these are statements that cannot be satisfied when taken together; their logical conjunction evaluate to false in all circumstances | Strong conflict;
They predicted that, by the 21st century, a large proportion of software would be developed using formal methods. This prediction has not come true. How many main reasons introduced in text book for this conclution? | C. 4
To facilitate model configuration and evolution, we should specify _________ among packages. | Dependency links;
To feasibility study, we need to asked and get answers from many people on such this organization. In practices, how many questions need to be answered by them during feasibility study? | C. 6
To start building a goal model, we may obtain ________ goals. Once these goals are obtained, we may build refinement and abstraction paths in a goal diagram | Preliminary;
Traceability management process composes of 4 phases:a) Exploit traceability links b) Establish traceability links c) Maintain traceability links d) Define traceability policy Which one is the appropriate order of these phases: | d, b, a, c : D Es Ex M;
Traceability management refers to the process of establishing, recording, exploiting and maintaining traceability _____ in a traceability _____. | Links / Graph;
Traceability relies on the existence of ___________ between items that we can follow backwards, towards source items, and forwards, towards target items. | Dependency links;
Two concepts Function and non-function requirement are: | A. Full separate.
Capture activities & data | sadt
which of the following Captures operations to be performed by a system component & interactions with other components | use-case diagram
Captures positive scenarios by sequences of interactions among instances of system components | event trace diagrams
Captures the admissible behaviors of system components | state machine diagrams
Captures all required responses to single stimulus | R-net diagrams
Captures system operations linked by data dependencies | dataflow diagrams
Two concepts User requirement and System requirement are: | D. Other.
Two meta-attributes are mandatory for any meta-concept whatever view it refers to: | "Name" and "Def";
Unlike domain properties and ________, goals may be refined, negotiated, assigned as responsibilities to agents and transformed in case of conflict or overexposure to risks. | hypotheses;
User requirement may include: | D. All about
We can build refinement and abstraction paths in a goal diagram by recursively asking ___ and ___ questions about available goals, respectively | HOW / WHY;
We should do the items in interview guidelines as below, except? | do not keep control over the interview;
What are contents including on critical systems specification? | D. All above
What are stakeholders? | b. The organizations that will influence directly/indirectly on the system requirements
What don’t you have to prepare in requirement management planning? | a. Feasibility study
What is an agent-goal co-refinement process? | A process in which an agent and its assigned goals are refined in parallel into finer-grained agents, sub-goals and responsibility assignments;
What is not a method to discovery requirement? | D. Ethnography
What is not a part of body of an object specification? | . Syntax definition
What is NOT a purpose of the requirement analysing? | d. Gather information about the proposed and existing systems and distilling the user and system requirements from this information
What is NOT a stage in the security specification? | c. Resource analysis
What is NOT a type of behavioural model? | d. Data flow diagram
What is not an activity of requirement engineering Processes? | C. Requirement implement
What is NOT security requirement type | c. Non-functional reliability requirements.
What is not strategy had been introduced in text book for risk reduction assessment? | B. Risk definition and separate them with system.
What is NOT the purpose of data flow diagrams? | a. Show data structure of the system
What is NOT true with context model? | c. Context models show what lies inside the system boundaries
What is NOT true with the safety specification? | c. It is applied to the system as individual sub-systems
What is not type of system models that we may create during the analysis process? | D. None above
What is the purpose of state machine model? | b. Model the behaviour of the system in response to external and internal events
What is the purpose of the "Threat assignment"stage during the security specification? | d. Assign a list of associated threats for each identified asset
What is the purpose of the requirement source traceability? | a. Links between dependent requirements
What is the role of requirement engineer? | c. Eliciting and specifying the system requirements
What item below is including on iterative process of risk analysis? | B. Risk decomposition
What's the key factor of Requirement Elicitation? | A. Stakeholder involve
When doing goals refinement, we refine goals until | the sub-goals assignable to single agents;
Which are outputs of the requirement engineering process? | b. Agreed requirements
Which conditions does a statement about an obstacle to an assertion need to meet? | {O, Dom } |   =  not G +{O, Dom }    |   ? false + O can be satisfied by some system behavior;
Which features does Multi-view modeling framework enforce the system views satisfied? | Consistency, completeness and complementary
Which is a functional safety requirement? | a. Definitions of the safety functions of the protection system.
Which is correct definition of requirements consistency? | d. There should be no contradictions in the descriptions of the system facilities
Which is non-functional requirement? | c. Constraints on the services or functions offered by the system such as timing constraints, constraints on the development process, standards, etc.
Which is not a artefact-driven elicitation technique? | Group sessions,Unstructured group sessions;
Which is not a concept-driven acquisition technique? | Interview;
Which is NOT a description in requirement definition? | d. The system’s stakeholders
Which is NOT a factor for almost feasibility study to base on for its decision? | d. New technology in the world
Which is not a stage in risk-based analysis? | a. Risk planning
Which is not a stage of requirement engineering process? | Requirement Traceability;
Which is not a stakeholder-driven elicitation technique? | Stakeholder analysis;
Which is NOT a technique of the requirement validation? | d. Requirements interview
Which is NOT an activity during requirement change management process? | a. Problem identifying: identify what change is needed for the requirements
Which is not an activity during the requirements review? | c. Prepare the requirements documentation
Which is not an artefact-driven elicitation technique? | Group sessions;Unstructured group sessions;
Which is NOT an input of the requirement elicitation phase? | d. Specification of similar system
Which is NOT an input of the requirement engineering process? | b. Requirement documents
Which is NOT an object model? | c. Structure models
Which is not an obstacle to effective knowledge acquisition? | Stable conditions;
Which is NOT critical attribute(s)? | d. Usability
Which is NOT included in formal methods? | d. Program development
Which is NOT true with the Use of formal methods? | b. Formal methods are applied mainly in critical systems engineering
Which is output of the Risk analysis and classification stage? | b. Risk assessment
Which is system requirement? | b. A structured document setting out detailed descriptions of the system’s functions, services and operational constraints.
Which is the correct statement about the process models? | b. Fine-grain activity models show details of a specific process
Which is the item that a requirement does NOT describe? | c. How to maintain the system.
Which is the output of almost requirement engineering activities? | d. Requirements document
Which is the soonest output of the requirement engineering process? | b. Business requirements specification
Which model type will show how entities have common characteristics? | c. Classification model
Which of the following actions does the review board need to do when reviewing changes of requirements (Choose three)? | Understand+ Assess the+ Estimate the;
Which of the following are activities to be done in "Change Consolidation" stage of change control process (choose three)? | Baselining of+ Forward propagation+ Updating of;
Which of the following are activities to be done in "Change Evaluation and prioritization" stage of change control process (choose two)? | Prioritize the accepted+ Detect potential conflicts;
Which of the following are differences of problem diagram comparing with context diagram? | 3y’A rectangle with double+ A rectangle with a single+ An interface can;
Which of the following are semantic rules used to define sequential state decomposition? | The instance modelled by the diagram is in the super-state if and only if it is in one (and only one) of the sequential sub-states+ An incoming transition to the super-state is by default inherited by every sequential sub-states as an incoming transition to it.;
which of the following designates an object instance on which the operation act | an output variable;
which of the following is a skill required for interacting with stakeholders | knowledge reformulation;
which of the following is a sufficient condition on .. as soon as it is true | required trigger condition;
Which of the following is an elicitation technique that provides a concrete flavor of what the software will look like? | Prototypes and mock-ups;
Which of the following is an incorrect statements about the leaf nodes in goals refinement trees | they can not be domain properties or hypotheses;
which of the following is not a disadvantage of prototypes & mock-up technique? | prototypes are not helpful to clarify requirements and elicit hidden ones;
which of the following is not a risk-reduction tactics? | using elicitation techniques;
Which of the following is not a stage of requirement engineering process? | Requirement Traceability;
which of the following is not a strength of group sessions technique? | group sessions can be used to get contextualization of information;
Which of the following is not an objective of domain understanding and requirements elicitation stage? | Select the preferred proposal system;
which of the following is used to explore how the system-as-is is running | scenarios & storyboard;
Which of the following items are not exploring risk countermeasures techniques? | Using design methodologies;
Which of the following items are not non-functional goals (Choose two)? | Information+ Satisfaction;
Which of the following items is a range of estimated score percentage of option (opt) on criterion (crit): Score (opt, crit) ? | 0-->1;
Which of the following items is not a step in the process of risk management with DDP for RE? | Quantitative reasoning for evaluating options;
Which of the following items is not a step of Value-cost prioritization process? | Build comparison matrix;
Which of the following items is not a type of inconsistency of requirements? | Inconsistency management;
Which of the following questions are in the checklist used for verifying "Ambiguity" defect type (choose two)? | Can this statement+ Are there other;
Which of the following questions are in the checklist used for verifying "Over specification" defect type (choose two)? | Would there be+ Does this statement entail;
Which of the following questions are in the checklist used for verifying "Poor structuring" defect type (choose three)? | 3y’ Is the structuring+ Does this RD item cover+ Does this RD item mix;
which of the following questions should be in the checklist used for verifying "Over specification" defect type | would there be alternative sensible choices;
which of the following specifies all the operations that a system component is required to perform, possibly under a particular condition, in response to a particular input stimulus | an r-net diagram;
Which of the following statements about agent capabilities is wrong? | An agent monitors an association if its instances can control this association holds between object instances;
which of the following techniques focuses on task elicitation in the system-as-is to acquire contextualization of information | observation & ethnographic studies;
Which of the following techniques has the process as below?1. RETRIEVE relevant knowledge from other systems2. TRANSPOSE it to the target system 3. VALIDATE the result, ADAPT it if necessary & INTEGRATE it with the system knowledge already acquired | Knowledge reuse;
which of the following type of risks can we uses component inspection technique to identify | product-related risks;
Which of the followings are not strengths of goal model? | expressive+ acceptance test data;
Which of the followings are strengths of state machines model? | visual abstraction of explicit behaviors of any agent instance in a class+ code generation;
which of the followings captures the activities and data in the system (system-to-be or system-as-is), these diagrams allow these activities and data to be documented in a graphical way | SADT diagrams;
Which one in the following techniques is not belong to Stakeholder-driven techniques: | Repertory grids
Which one is the "domain completeness" condition for OR-refinement of obstacle O into alternative sub-obstacles Oi: | {not O1, not O2, …, not On, Dom} |   = not O;
Which one of the following activities should be done in "Change evaluation & prioritization" phase of "Change Control" process? | The review board is responsible to assess the merits;
Which one of the following activities should not be done in the phase "Defect evaluation at review meetings" of "Requirements inspection & review process": | Each inspector reads the RD or part of it individually to look for defects.;
which of the following is not a main activity of "defect evaluation at review meetings" | requirements documents distributed among inspectors
is it true if we say that outputs of "requirements elicitation" stage of re process are additional sections for preliminary  draft proposal | true
Which one of the following links is not a traceability type? | Anticipation link;
Which one of the following modes of individual reviewing rely on lists of specific issues to address while searching for defects? | Checklist-based and Process-based modes;
Which one of the following object is the root meta-concept: | SystemModel;
Which one of the following statements about behavior modelthe following statements about behavior model is false? | State machines capture sequences of state transitions for the variables controlled by any agent instance within a class.
Which one of the following statements about required condition is true? In a state machine diagram, a guard condition captures a _______ condition for state transition. | Necessary;
Which one of the following statements about required condition is true? | none of the others;
Which one of the following statements about the leaf nodes in goals refinement trees is false? | They can not be domain properties or hypotheses.;
Which one of the following statements is a "soft goal"? | The meeting scheduler software should be easy to use by administrative staff;
Which one of the following statements is false? | Multiple agents perform an operation;
Which one of the following statements is the definition of "capability instance declaration" (CID)?. | it annotating a monitoring or control link makes precise which agent instance is monitoring or controlling the attribute/association of which object instance;
Which one of the following statements is the definition of "required trigger condition"? | A required trigger condition for a goal is a sufficient condition on the operation's input states for satisfaction of this goal by any  application of the operation.
Which one of the following statements is the definition of entity? | [D]None ofthe others
Which part of Figure 13.4 is called "episode"?. | A;
Which perspective don’t we base on to present system in different models? | d. Layering
Which skill is required for interacting with stakeholders? | Knowledge reformulation;
Which variable is not one of the following four variables of the four-variable model? | Accepted variables
Who is NOT reader of system requirements? | b. Client managers
Who is the reader of user requirements? | a. System end users
Who should be involved in a requirements review? | C. Both of above
Why is it necessary to have requirement feasibility study phase? | c. To decide whether or not the proposed system is worthwhile
___Specialize the defect-based ones to the specific constructs.. | Language-based checklists;
_____and responsibility links from goals to system agents | operationlization links between goals and system operations;
______ link may be introduced between an object Ob and objects PartOb1,… PartObn if every current instance of Ob is a tuple of current instances of PartOb1, …., PartObn. | Aggregation;
_______ addresses the assignment of responsibilities for achieving the objectives, services, and constraints among the components of the system-to-be | the WHO dimension;
_______, the system as it should be when the machine will be built and operated in it. | system-to-be;
________ is the requirement document item, which stating a problem world feature in a way that can not be precisely compared with alternative options, or can not be tested or verified in machine solution. | Inadequacy;
________ is the requirement document item, which stating a problem world feature in a way that can not be precisely compared with alternative options, or can not be tested or verified in machine solution | Inadequacy;
________ shows aspects related to software functionalities. | A functional prototypes;
________ Statements state properties about the system that hold regardless of how the system behaves. Such properties hold typically because of some natural law or physical constraint. | Descriptive;
_________ is captured by a sequence of state transitions for the system items that the component control | Behavior;
__________is the requirement document item, which cannot be realistically implemented within assigned budget, schedule, or development platform. | Unfeasibility;
__________statements state desirable properties about the system that may hold or not depending on how system behaves | Prescriptive;
____________refer to "the contextual reasons for a new version of a system must be made explicit in terms of objectives" to be satisfied by | the WHY dimension;
______________ can be helpful for eliciting non-functional requirements related to usability, performance, and costs. | Data Collection;
_________________. These are statements that can not be satisfied when taken together; their logical conjunction evaluates to false in all circumstances. | Strong conflict;
____________________ form an effective technique for quality assurance, it is the widest in scope and applicability. | Requirements inspection and reviews;
all of the following statements about local rules on writing statements in requirements document are correct EXCEPT | Motivate first, summarize after
all of the following questions should be used for checklists of the "Ambiguity" defect type to verify the RD, EXCEPT | Is this state ment consistent with other related statements?
All of the following are reasons for requirements prioritization, EXCEPT | conflict resolution
A _____ diagram can be further detailed by indicating explicitly which component controls a shared phenomena, which component constitutes the machine needs to be built, and which components are affected by which requirements | problem
Goals provide a precise _____ for requirements completeness and pertinence | Role
Domain-specific checlists specialize the defect-based ones to the specific constructs of the structured, semi-format or formal specification language used in the requirement document | FALSE
which of the following risks may result in the product's inability to deliver the required services and functionalities | Functional risks
The following statement is true or false "Goals provide a basis for showing the alignment of the system-to-be with the organization's strategic objectives" | true'
which of the following is NOT a stage of requirement inspection and review process | Individual reviewing
for a goal already indentified in the goal model, review all the objects that are active ones. For each object determine what atrtribute and association in the object model the object can monitor or control | which of the following is NOT a rule for agent identification when building agent model?
which of the following is NOT a rule for agent identification when building agent model? | For each object determine what atrtribute and association in the object model the object can monitor or control
is a prescriptive statement of intent that the system should satisfy through the cooperation of its agents | Goal-oriented RE
which is not a artefact-driven eliciation technique | group sessions
the same name designates different concepts in different statements | terminology clash
in risk trees, Logical nodes are AND or OR nodes that capture causal links. On case of an______, the causing child nodes must all occur for the parent node to possibly occur as a consequence | AND node
is concerned with the functional services that the system-to-be should provide to satisfy the indentified objectes | the WHAT dimention
The arrows in a DFD capture the incoming/outgoing flows of____labeling them | the data
Which of the following techniques is widely used for exploration systeam-as-is and system-to-be through illustrations of typical sequences of interaction among system components | Scenarios
which of the following is NOT a difficulty of data collection technique | the acquired information is likely biases on several grounds
all of the following techniques are used for risk assessment, EXCEPT | Component inspection
_____is a prescriptive statement to be satisfied by single environment agent | An expectation
all of the following are heuristic rules for eliciting preliminary goals, EXCEPT | refinement by case
The relationship between goals and scenarios are ____ | performance link
peter is responsible for goals dicovery in RE. He uses some words like "in order to, so as to, so that,... etc."to search goals in documents. Which of the following is a Heuristic rules that Peter is using | Search for goal-related keywords
In______ elicitation technique, stakeholders are asked to further characterize target concept through attributes and value ranges, to be provided in a concept-attribute matrix | Conceptual laddering
the data-activity duality principle requires actigram itemms to have some______in a datagram, and vice versa | counterparts
A(an)_____is a prescriptive statement to be enforced by the software-to-be,possibly in cooperation | domain property
Alternative goal refinements in goal model yeild different system proposals.Pres/con to be evaluated against____ | soft goals
Which of the following is a sufficient condition on the operation's input states to ensure a goal when domain | Required trigger condition
The following statements describe an overall semantic picture of what a system model conveys when... | Agent does not involve...
Which of the following techniques should be used to arrange some of the concepts submitted into taxonomical trees | conceptual laddering
All of the following describe the central role of goals in the requirements engineering process, EXCEPT ? | Goal refinement captures..
Which of the following refers to"The goals G1,G2...are divergent | {G1;G2...Gn,B,Dom}=false
Which of the following is NOT a techniques to identify risk in risk management process? | Group sessions
Which of the following is a correct satisfaction arguments form? | {SoftREQ,DOM,ASM} |   =SysREQ
In the Train Control system, Train object is an | Entity
Each linked object in an association plays specific | Role
An_____ link may be introduced between an object Ob and objec PartOb1,... PartIbn if every current instance of Ob os a tuple of current instances of PartOb1,...,PartObn | Aggregation
An attribute is | An intrinsic fearture of an object regardless of
In figure 11.6. "Train" and "TrainInfo" are classified as | Entities
In the Library Management System, a Library object instance can aggregate some Selves onject instances. In this case, the link between Library object and Shelves shall be | Aggregation
Which of the following is NOT a rule for agent responsibility when building agent model | Assignment to wisher
An agent model captures the _____ -dimension of requirements engineering | WHO
The multiplicity on one side of an association specifies the minimum and maximum number of object instances on ____ that may be associated with one target object instance | this side
A/an ______ is a discrete set of instances of a domain-specific concept that are manipulated by the modeled system | Conceptual object
In specialization, the object SubOb plays the role____whereas the object SuperOb plays the inverse role ___ | Specializes Generalizes
The specification of an operation therefore includes a set of prescriptive conditions on operations applications. These conditions are aimed at ensuring that ___ | The goals underlying the operation are satisfied
An entity is | None of the others
The features shared by object instances include | object's definition, type, invidual attribute, association , domain invariants
In the Train Control system, Onboard Train Controlled (Software installed on Train) onject is an | Agent
An agent is an ___ system component play a role in goal satisfaction | Active
A goal under the responsibility of an agent must be realizable by the agent in view of its | Capabilities
In the Library Managemnet System, Patron user is an ___ object and Book is an __ object | Agent Entity
When a domain invariant constraints multi-object, the domain invariant should be specified in domain-invar feature of ____ in object model | linking objects
Agent capabilities are defined in term of the system variables that the agent can __ and ___ | Monitor control
An operationalization diagram is an annotated graph showing the system operations, their___ to goal in the goal model and input/output links to objects in the object model | operationalization links
The process of identifying super onjects from the current objects in object midel is called | Object generalization
in figure 11.4. whhat is the name of the annotation attached to the link betwwen the agent and the operation in the agent model | Performance instance declaration
A/An ___ designates an object instance to which the operation applied. The state of this instance affect the application of the operation. | input variable
The "registration" link between Library, Period, and Patron object is an (a) | Event object
which of the following designates an object instance on which the operation acts | State variables
A use case diagram provides an outline view of an operation model by showing the operations that an agent performs together with ___ with other agents | interaction links
In the agent model, an agent ag1 is said to depend on another agent ag2 for a goal G under the responsibility of ag2, if___'s failure to get F satisfied can result in ____'s faiure to get one of its assigned goals | ag2 ag1
A particular application of the operation yields a state____from a state in InputState to a state in outputState | transition
An object model provide a_____ of the system-as-is and system-to-be | structural view
Domain pre- and post-conditions are prescriptive | False
In ____ scheme, the agent instance applies the operation when iit is realy obliged to do so that is, when one of the operation's required trigger conditions becomes true | a lazy behaviour
which of the following statements about agent capabilities is wrong | an agent monitors an association if its instances can controk this association hold between object instances
Which of the following statement is false? | Multiple agents perform an operation
The goal of Prototypes and mock-up technique is to check requirements adequacy from direct user feedback, by showing reduced sketch of software-to-be in action | True
In DDP technique, at Step 1: Elaborate the Impact matrix, the last line | Likelihood (r) x SUM (Impact(r,obj) x Weight (obj
Which of the following are quality requirements that state that some information or resources can be used at any point in time when it is needed and its usage is authorized | Availability requirements
All of the following are differences of problem diagram comparing with context diagram, EXCEPT | An interface can be declared separately the exclamation mark after a component name prefixing
All of the following are advantages of Questionnaires elicitation technique EXCEPT? | Questionnaires may allow us to acquire unbiased information promptly.
Which one of the following activities should not be done in the phase “Defect evaluation at review meeting” of “Requirements inspection & review process”? | Each inspector reads the RD or part of it individually to look for defects
Which of the following is NOT a goal of Scenarios & storyboards elicitation techniques | These techniques are used to acquire further information about concepts already elicited
All of the following questions should be in the checklist used for verifying “Poor structuring” defect type EXCEPT | Would there be alternative sensible choices
Which refinement pattern is applied for the goal refinement in the figure 8-12 | Case-driven refinement pattern
Are techniques that rely more on specific types of interaction with stakeholders | Stakeholder-driven
An (a) …. Is an autonomous and active object. Its instances have individual behaviors captured by sequence of state transitions for the state variables that they control. | agent
An agent performs an operation if the applications of this operation are activated by instances of this agent. The operations performed by an agent define which agent instance activates which operation application, they specified in instance declaration annotating | Monitor/control link
In Dataflow diagram, the origin and end of a flow can be specified as a system component or a data repository in which operations can put or get data | True
Which of the following designates an object instance to which the operation applies (the state of this instance affects the application of the operation)? | An input variable
An AND-refinement of goal G into sub-goals G1,…,Gn states that G can be satisfied by satisfying G1,…Gn. Sub-goal Gi is said to….. to G | contribute positively
An …. Of goal G into refinements R1, …., Rm states that G can be satisfied by satisfying all sub-goals from any of the alternative refinements Ri | OR-refinement
Which of the following designates an object instance on which the operation acts (The state of this instance is changed by the application of the operation)? | Instance variables
Goal provide the roots for managing conflicts among requirements and a criterion for delimiting the scope of the system | False
To start building a goal model, we may obtain…. Goals. Once these goals are obtained, we may build refinement and abstraction paths in a goal diagram | Preliminary
Clashes in terminology, designation, and structure are most effectively countered by careful elaboration of….. that everyone agrees and sticks to | glossary of terms
The following questions should be used while writing a requirements document EXCEPT? | Can it be expressed in a complex way?
ER diagram is made from three core constructs: entities,…. And relationships | Attributes
Which of the following  is the target quality to ensure that the requirements, assumptions, and domain properties must be satisfiable when taken together | Consistency
Which of the following is NOT a rule for agent identification when building agent model | Assignment to wisher
Which of the following captures agent capabilities, responsibility, interfaces and possibility, refinements, wishes, beliefs, and dependencies | Agent model
An operation model may be used for the following purposes, EXCEPT | It shows the distribution of responsibilities within the system and provides a basis for load analysis
An AND-refinement of a goal G into sub-goals G1, G2,….,Gn should be | Complete, consistent, minimal
Which of the following are quality requirements that state that constrain the software’s operational conditions, such as time or space required by operations, the frequency of their activation, their throughput | Performance requirements
Which of the following declares the system component and their interface, from which, the system structure can be defined | Context diagrams
Which one of the following modes of individual reviewing rely on lists of specific issues to address while searching for defects | Checklist-based and Process-based modes
An agent is an ….. system component play a role in goal satisfaction | Active
Prescribes intended behaviors where a target condition must sooner or later hold whenever some other condition holds in the current system state | An achieve goal
Which of the followings are checklists that specializes the defect-based ones to the specific constructs of the structured, semi-formal of formal specification language used in the requirements document | Language-base checklists
In four-variable model, Parnas stated that…..are environmental quantities that the software monitors through input devices such as sensors in train control system | output variables
The WHAT dimension identifies……. Related to security, performance, usability, interoperability, and cost that the system needs to meet | the functional services
In specialization, the objectSubOb plays the role….. whereas the object SuperOb plays the inverse role….. | Specializes/ Generalizes
A….. is an uncertain factor whose occurrence may result in a loss of satisfaction of a corresponding objective | risk
Which of the following is NOT a reason for goals being so important in the RE process? | Goal do not provide anchors for risk analysis
Which one of the following statements about the leaf nodes in goals refinement trees is false | They are nodes whose responsibility can be assigned to single software agents.
the system as it should be when the machine will be built and operated it. | system-to-be
Which is NOT an artefact-driven elicitation technique | Unstructured group sessions
Which of the following features of an object specifies the necessary & sufficient condition for an individual to satisfy Instance Of(o,0b)? | Def annotation
Which of the following items are not exploring risk countermeasures techniques | Using risk reduction tactics
All of the following are guidelines for questionnaire design/ validation, EXCEPT? | It is not necessary to have your questionnaire checked by a third party
Goals support the analysis of dependencies among agents and provide a basis for reasoning about alternative options | False
Goals are generally found by top-down….. of higher-level concerns and by bottom-up…..from lower-level material such as scenario examples and operational descriptions | Refinement/ abstraction
When an individual becomes instance of an object, the object’s attributes & associations get instantiated as….. to characterize it | State variables
Which of the following is a helpful technique that is used for eliciting non-functional requirements e.g performance requirements | data collection
All of follwing actions, the review board need to do when reviewing changes of requirements EXCEPT | maintains a wishlist of possible changes (identified by insider or collected from outsides)
prescribes intended behaviours where a target condition must sooner or later hold whenever some other condition holds in the current system state | An achieve goal
The multiplicity on one side of an association specifies the minimum and maximum number of object instances on ... that may be associated | this side
All of the following quiestions should NOT be in the checklist used for verifying "Over specification" defect type EXCEPT | wourld there be alternative sendible choices
An(a) .... is a statement to be satisfied by the environment and formulated in terms of environmental phenomena | assumption
In obstacle diagram, leaf obstacles are connected to countermeasure goals through | resolution links
there are the following bacwards of prototypes and mock-up techniquie, except for | can not understand inplications
which one of the following statements is the definition of entity | none of the others
which one of the following statements is the definition of "required trgger condition" | a required trigger condition for a goal is a sufficient condition on the operation's input states for satisfaction
In a ... project, the system-as-is is already offers software solutions; the software-to-be need to integrate, inprove,adapt or extend such solutions | brownfield
the goals of risk assessment is to assess likelihood of risks , ...., likelihood of consequences, to control high-priority risks | risk serverity
the following questions should be used while writing a requirements document EXCEPT | can it be expressed in a complex way
which features does Multi-view modeling framework enforce the system views satisfied | consystency, completeness and complementarity
what should we do in the stakeholder analysis stage of RE | determine a representative sample of stakeholders based in their role, interest, and type of knowledge thay can contribute
which one of the following statements about package is false | the names of elements defined in a package are local to the package but are not visible to its descendants
the domain understanding and requirements elicitation stage involves a great deal of knowledge acquisition. EXCEPT | knowledge about programming language that is used for new system development
A goal under the responsibility of an agent must be realizable by the agent in view of its | capabilities
which one of the following statements about behavior model is false | agent behaviors are made through scenarios or through state machines
which one of the following statements is the definition of attribute | An attribute is an intrinsic feature of an object regardless of other objects in the model
which of the follwing is not a criterion of stakeholder selection | exposure to perceived techical issuses
All of the follwing questions should be in the cjecklist used for verifying "Poor structuring" defect type EXCEPT | would there be alternative sensible choices
which of the follwing questions is in the chkeclist used for verifying "Unfeasibility" defect type | Is this RD item implementable in view of infrastructure, budget or timing contrainst
For stapwise refinement of a state diagram, we may decompose a state into sequential or concurrent sub-states. In both cases, the funer-grained sub-states are called nested states | composete state
All of the following statements about advantages of free documentation in unrestricted natural language are correct EXCEPT | there is no notable ambiguities, noises, eg
All of the following questions should NOT be in the checklist used for verifying "Ambiguity" defect type EXCEPT | can this statement be interpreted differently in different relevant contexs
is a discrete set of instances of a domain-specific concept that are manipulated by the modeled system | conceptual object
refer to the use of goals for requirements elicitation, evaliation, nevaliation, nefotiation, elaboration, structuring, documentation, analysis and evolution | goal- riented RE
which of the followings is a standard technique for structuring complex if-then condition | using decision tabnle
At higher levels, there are coarser-grained goals stating ... related to the business or the organisation | strategic objectives
when we are unfamiliar with the system-as-is, we may need to acquire knowledge through the following ways EXCEPT | studying documents and reports of sytem-to-be that documentinformation flows
is a prescriptive statement to be enforced by the software-to-be, possibly in cooperation with other system composents, and formulated in terms of environment, phenomena | system requirement
is to reduce high-exposure resks through countermeasures | risk control
In an operation model, an operation is annotated by individual features such as its | signature
All of the following statements about local rules on writing statements in requirements document are correct EXCEPT | make sure that every concept is defined after its use
An obstacle is a pre- condition for ....  of some goal, hypotheses or questionable domain property used in the goal model | non-satisfaction
agent capabilities are defined in terms of the system variables that the agent can | monitor control
which of the follwing items are not exploring risk countermeasures techniques | using design methodologies
all of the following statemtns about ouputs of requirements specification and documentation phase are correct EXCEPT | all general objectives, system requirements, sofware requirements, e.g are organizaed in RD
All of the follwing activities should NOT be done in "Change Initiation" stage of change control process EXCEPT | maintain a wishlist of possible changes(identified by insiders or collected from outsiders)
all of the following activities should NOT be done in "Change Evaliation and prioritization" stage of change control process EXCEPT | prioritize the accepted changes
An operation model addresses the .... of requirements engineering by capturing the functional services that the target system should provide in order to meet its goals | WHAT dimension
In "Traceability management process", which one of the following phases is concerned with four issues; the link granularity, link semantic richness, link accuracy and link overhead | Establish raceability links
All of the following statements about background study techniques are correct EXCEPT | an abvious strength of the technique is that it supplies the full and detailed information that will needed afterwards
all of the following activities should be done in "Change Consolidation" stage of change control process EXCEPT | prioritize the accepted changes
is captured by a sequence of state transitions for the system items that that component control | Behaviour
The following question should be in the checklist used for verifying ... defect type | Unfeasibility
Which of the follwing is not a reason for goals being so important in the RE process | goal do not provide anchors for risk analysis
A state machine is represented in UML by a variant of a .... called a state diagram | state-chart
all of the following are correct inputs of the specification and documentation phase EXCEPT | system-to-be deign documents
which of the following statements about agent capabilities is wrong | An agent monitors an association if its instances can change this association holds between object instances
Which one of the follwing statements is the definition of "capability instance declaration" | capability instance declaration annotating a monitoring or control link makes precise which agent instance is monitoring or controlling
OR-refinement of obstacle O should be … | {subOi, Dom } |   = O+{subOi, subOj, Dom }    |   = false+{not subO1,..., not subOn, Dom }    |   = not O+{subOi, Dom }    |   ≠  false;
Which conditions does a statement about an obstacle to an assertion need to meet? | {O, Dom } |   =  not G +{O, Dom }    |   ≠ false + O can be satisfied by some system behavior;
Which of the following diagrams can be used to represent Agent Model? | Context diagram, Dependency diagram, Agent diagram
Which of the followings belong to Structural consistency of the goal and object models? | ko chon every goal
Which of the following figures about requirement engineering process is true? | Figure2
Which of the followings belong to Structural consistency of the goal and agent models? | ko chon For every object
Which of the followings belong to Structural consistency of the goal and object models? | ko chọn one of candidate
Which of the followings belong to Structural consistency of the goal and behavior models? | Every scenario
Which of the followings do not belong to Goal Restoration? | 2 Consider alternative + Weaken
Which of the following statements about system agent are true? | It must be able + We must restrict
Which of the followings belong to Assumption statements? | Statements to be satisfied by the environment of the software-to-be
Which of the following statements are true? | ko chon AND-refinements
Which of the following figures about Statement typology with goals is true? | Figure2
Which of the following statements are true? | 2 It provide
How to Update the goal model with new goals illustrated by scenarios? | 2 Identify + use goal
Which of the following statements are true? | Language-based+The main purpose
Which of the following Impact Matrixes of Library Management is true? | Matrix4
Which of the following statement are true? | ko chon The finer-grained
Which of the following statement about Object instantiation are true? | ko chon An object
What make knowledge acquisition from stakeholders difficult? | ko chon explicit
Which of the following statements about use cases are true? | the leaf + an agent
Which of the following steps belong to Modeling system-to-be? | ko chon the updated object model
According to IEEE standard template for organizing the RD, which of the followings belong to Specific Requirements? | ko chon User characteristics
Which of the following statements are true? | Responsibility+An agent is said
Which of the following belong to phase of requirements inspection process? | ko chon Requirement
Which of the following statement about Inter-view consistency rules are true? | Every data+Every state
Which of the following statements about risk management are true? | Risk identification+We have to use
Which of the following statements belong to Checklist Based Mode of Individual Reviewing ? | The inspector is given
Which of the following actions belong to Domain understanding and Requirement elicitation? | ko chon Understand
Which of the followings figures about a Goals model of Train control system is correct? | Figure2
List the appropriate ways to refine scenario? | Introduce Episodes+Agent decomposition
How to Derive the updated object model? | ko chon 2 Indentify
Which of the following statements about basic features of operations are true? | All
Which is a strong mitigation? | parent of goal
Which of the following are good diagrams? | 2 +4
Which of the following figures about Conflict Management process is true? | Figure1
Which of the following Obstacle diagrams of Train control system is correct? | Figure4
Which of the following statements about Modeling instance behaviors are true? | In the case+An interaction event
What are the phases of change control process? | ko chon change anticipation
RE is only concerned with machine phenomena | F
Which of the following statement about Goal Model are true? | ko chon It is used to
Which of the followings belong Structural consistency of the goal and behaviour models? | Every scenario in the behaviour model
Which of the following statements about weighting questions is true? | ... provides
What are the activities producing the requirements on a software-intensive system? | ko chọn Development management
Which of the following figures about Reusing an abstract domain to drive elicitation is true? | Figure2
Which of the following object models of the Library System are not correct? | 1+3
Which of the following statements about Context diagrams are true? | They capture system +The nodes in Context
Which of the following statements are true? | Evolution phase +Revisions and Requirement
What are the advantages of Quantitative assessment? | Finer-grained than qualitative assessment
Which of the following statements about State machines are true? | The intitial +As in any SM diagram
Which of the followings belong to the techniques for traceability management? | Traceability matrices +Cross referencing +Feature
Which of the following statements are not true? | SADT diagrams +Use case
Which of the following belong to Defect-base checklists? | There are the list
Which of the followings do not belong to Goal Restoration? | responsibilites+enforce
Which of the following statements are true? | The operation+ To build+ Goal refinement
Which of the following statements about Sequence diagram are not true? | ko chon It complements
Which of the following are good diagrams? | 2 3 4
Which of the following statements about Context diagrams are true? | The nodes + They capture
Which is the type of the new version when we create it by adding new functionalities to the system? | Revision
What are the three most critical errors of requirement engineering? | Inad + Unmea + Unintelli
In behavior model, a scenario captures | Implicit states, explicit event
models are represented by UML class diagram | Object
What is the version type of the following casual factor "Enviroment change: new class of users or new usage condition"? | Revision
Risk management is a major cause of software failure | Poor
Select correct statement about State Machine model | All of the others
What kind of diagram descrise the behavior of a system? | Activity + Sequence
Which of the following statements about a bank ATM system belong to expectations? | Cash is
What is requirement engineering? | Set of activites producing requirements
Consider the following sistuation A patient gets the prescription to buy medicine, but they did not have enough money. So pharmacy just only sell haft of his presciption. What is | Negative scenario
Requirements inspections and reviews should be done when | 2 After
A scenario is reprented in UML by a | sequence
Agent models show ____ view of the system being modeled | structural
Which relation is(are) the aggregation? | Patient and health records
Which of the following statements about Train Control System belong to domain hypotheses? | All of the others
___ result from changes made to adapt | Revisions
Which of the following diagrams is used to show sustem operations? | SADT diagrams
A ____ scenario illustrates some inadmissisble behavior | negative
Which relation is(are) the composition? | Patient and profession
Which of the following statements about UML sequence diagrams are true? | All of the others
Which of the following statements about the diagram below are true? | CloseDoors is an Operation
To have an effective interview we should avoid the certain types of questions | ko chon easy questions
Which is the last step of model building method for RE? | Derive the updated object model
A goal model include | AND, OR
Class diagrams at conceptual level should include | Bot attributes and operations
Which of the followings captures the activities and data in the system | SADT diagrams
Because the requirement errors are the most expensive, numerous | False
Which of the following specifies all the operations that | An R-net diagram
Figure 4.10 shows an Event Trace Diagram specifying | controlled/monitored
Unlike domain properties and ____ | hypotheses
Requirements Inspection process | What-Who-When-Where
____ are used as criteria for selecting system | Soft goals
The phase "Individual reviewing", inspectors reads | process-based mode
The goal model captures ____ | operationalization link
____ specialize the defect-based ones to the specific | Language-based checklist
Behavioral goals are used for building ___ | Operational
We can build refinement and abstraction paths | HOW/Why
Figure 9 shows | Divide and conquer
ER diagram is made from three core sonstructs | Attributes
In the goal model, the finer-grained a goal is, the___ | fewer agents
An AND-refinement of a goal G | Complete, consistent, minimal
____ prescribe different types of protection | Security
All of the following questions should be | Would there be alternative sensible choices
Which of following statements is a "soft goal"? | the meeting scheduler software should be
Actigrams (Datagrams) declare activities | Control
The goal G1, G2,...Gn are divergent in a domain Dom if | =false
An expectation is a goal assigned to a single agent of the | environment
Which of the following is A context diagram that | Problem diagram
A goal refinement graph show the refinement | Soft goals
_____ form an affective technique for quality | "requirements inspection and reviews"
Which of the following mdoes of individual reviewing | Checklist-based and process-based
Figure 10 shows | Milestone-driven
A ____ is captured by a sequence of state transitions | Behavior
Which of the following activities should NOT be | Each inspector reads
Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement about the leaf nodes | THey cannot be domain
figure 8.28 | Refinement towords goal realizability
All of the following describe the central role | Goal refinement provides a natural mechanism
figure 4.9 | sub-operation
In requirements validation by | Simulation
____ prescribe different types of protection | Security goals
figure 8.29 | Refinement by case
In state machine diagram | sufficient/necessary
When doing goals refinement, we refine goal | the sub-goals assignable to single agents
Which of the following are NOT differentces of problem | Shared phenomena are
Which of the following is A context diagram | problem diagram
Which of the following statements is a "soft goal"? | The meeting scheduler software
All of the following are usages of goal categories, EXCEPT? | for refining
Goals are generally found by top-down | Refinement/abstraction
which of the followings belong Structural consistency of the goal and behaviour models? | Every scenario in the behaviour model must be covered by at least one goal in the goal model.
Why do we need models for RE? | Provides structure for RE activities,Support for understanding, explanation to stakeholder ,Basis for making decisions ,Focus on key aspects (abstraction from multiple details)
Which of following belong to System requirement statements? | Prescriptive statement referring to environment phenomena (not necessarily shared)
Which of the following statements belong to WHAT dimension? | Identify& define the system-to-be’s functional services
1 (3)/Which of the following statements about Software Prototypes are true? | 1 (3)/Its aim to get early feedback from stakeholders and prompt further elicitation
2 (3)/Which of the following statements about Software Prototypes are true? | 2 (3)/It is a quick implementation of some software aspects of the system-to-be
3 (3)/Which of the following statements about Software Prototypes are true? | 3/There are different kind of prototype depend on which aspects are being prototype
Which of following are types of inconsistency in RE? | Terminology clash, Structure clash, Designation clash (B? Grammar class)
List types of RE risk? | Product-related risks, Process-related risks (B? Architecture-related risks)
What are the phrases of managing conflicts process? | Identify overlapping statements, Detect conflicts among them, document these, Generate conflict resolutions, Evaluate resolutions, select preferred (B? Resolves conflicts)
What are the goals of risk assessment? | Assess likehood of risks (s? lu?ng), Assess severity of risks (m?c d?), Assess likehood of risk consequences (h?u qu?)
What is last stage of managing conflicts process? | Evaluate resolution, select preferred (d?nh giá gi?i pháp,
What are the phrases of RE risk management? | Risk identification (1xác d?nh), Risk assessment (2dánh giá), Risk control (3di?u khi?n)
Which of the following tactics belong to risk reduction tactics? | Avoid risk, Reduce consequence like hood, Reduce risk like hood, Mitigate risk consequence, (B?:Resolve risk)
Which of the followings belong to Designation clash? (s?g?itên) | Same name for different concepts in different statements | e.g. “user” for “library user” vs. “library software user”
Which of the followings belong to Structure clash? (C?utrúc) | Same concept structured differently in different statements | e.g. “latest return date” as time point (e.g. Fri 5pm) vs. time interval (e.g. Friday)
Which of the followings belong to Terminology clash? (thu?tng?) | Same concept named differently in different statements | e.g. library management: “borrower” vs. “patron”
Use case diagrams are used to complement such a view through interaction scenarios. | FALSE
According to IEEE standard template for organizing the RD, which of the followings belong to General Description? | Product perspective, Product functions, User characteristics, General constraints, Assumptions & Dependencies, Apportioning of requirements (B?: External interface requirements)
1/4) Which of the following belongs to Inter-view consistency rules? | (1/4) Every component & interconnection in a problem diagram must be further specified in an ET diagram.
4/4) Which of the following belongs to Inter-view consistency rules | 4/4) Every state in a State Machine diagram must correspond to some value for some attribute or relationship in an ER diagram.
What are the generic components in a frame diagram? | A causal component, A lexical component, A biddable component, (B?: A Resultant component )
According to IEEE standard template for organizing the RD, which of the followings belong to Specific Requirements? | Functional requirements, External interface reqs, Performance reqs, Design constraints, Software quality attributes, Other requirements, (B?: User characteristics)
2/4) Which of the following belongs to Inter-view consistency rules | 2/4) Every data in a flow or repository of a DFD diagram must be declared as entity, attribute, or relationship in an ER diagram.
3/4) Which of the following belongs to Inter-view consistency rules | 3/4) Every shared phenomenon in a problem diagram must appear as event in an ET diagram or as entity, attribute, or relationship in an ER diagram.
The structure of RD should make it easy to | Trade items back to their rationale, Understand it, Following dependency links, Retrieve and analyze its items, (B?: Understand the software structure)
Which of the following statements belong to Requirements Validation by Specification Animation? | (All) Its main purpose is to check the adequacy of requirements and assumptions, Its purpose to see whether the system-to-be as specified meets the actual expectations of stakeholder
Which of the following belong to phase of requirement inspection process? | Individual reviewing, RD consolidation, Inspection planning, Defect evaluation at review meetings, (B?: Requirement documentation)
Which of the following are techniques used for Requirements Quality Assurance? | Queries on a requirement database, Formal Verification, Inspections and Reviews, Animation-base validation,(B?: Interviews)
Revisions and variants define a two-dimensional space for defining product evolutions, rather than two separate tracks. | TRUE
Which of the following statements belong to revisions? | A revision results from changes generally made to correct or improve the current version of a single product.
The cost - benefit analysis should control output parameters from those input parameters, according to the weight assigned to traceability management. These output parameters include | (All 3) The people who will be responsible for traceability management, The technique and tools that will be used to reduce the cost of traceability management, The scope, granularity, accuracy, semantic richness and acceptable overhead of traceability management
What are the phases of change control process? | Change initiation, Change consolidation, Change evaluation and prioritization, (B?: Change anticipation)
Which of the followings belong to the techniques for traceability management? | Cross referencing,Feature diagrams,Traceability matrices,(B?: Traceability management,Traceability model databases,Specification-based traceability management,Traceability link generators,Consistency checkers)
Which of the following is not a phase of traceability management? | (None) (B?: Maintain traceability links,Define traceability policy,Establish traceability links,Exploit traceability links)
What is the version type of the following casual factor “Environment change: new class of users or new usage condition“? | Variant
What are types of goals? | (2 types) Behavioral goals, Soft goals, (B?: Functional goals,Non- functional goals)
What are types of Agents? | (3 types) Software,Device,Human, (B?: The domain)
Which of the following statements about system agent are true? | (2)We must restrict its behavior to meet its assigned goals, It must be able to monitor/control phenomena involved in assigned goals,(B?: We should focus on its role thather than the individual)
GO | print 'Processed 100 total records'
Which of the following statements about behavioral goals are true? | (3)Cannot be satisfied in a clear-cut sense (yes or no),Prescribe intended system behaviors declaratively,Used for building operation models to meet them
Which of the following statements about the distinction between goals & domain properties is not true? | Only domain properties are required in requirements documentation
AND-refinements should also be consistent and maximal (b?l?c AND ?nh?tquánvàt?ida) | FALSE
Which of the following statements belong to soft goals are true? | (3)Used for comparing options to select preferred,Often take the forms: Maximize / Minimize, Increases /Reduce, Improve,…,Capture preferences among alternative behaviors, (B?: Can be satisfied in clear-cut sense)
A goal model includes: | AND – refinement, OR– refinement
Which of the following statements about goal model are true? | (2) Refinement trees visualize satisfaction arguments, Goals are recursively refine-able
Which of the following statements about refinements are true? | (2) Getting complete refinements of behavioral goals is essential for requirements completeness, Domain properties are often used for arguing about complete refinements
Which of the following statement about Goal Model are true? | (3) Getting complete refinements of behavioral goals is essential for requirements completeness, Alternative goal refinements yield different system proposals,We can capture potential conflicts among goals,(B?: It is used to model systems conceptual objects )
Which of the following belong to heuristic rules of building goal models? | (3)Instantiate goal categories, Search for goal-related keywords in elicitation material, Ask how and why question,(B?: Analyze the current objectives and problems in the system-to-be)
What does Agent substitution mean? | Consider alternative responsibilities for obstructed goal so as to make obstacle unfeasible
AND-refinement of obstacle O should be | Consistent,Complete,Minimal (B?: Disjoint)
Invariant seeming to constrain one object only | FALSE
Which of the following are good class diagrams? | (2-4) diagrams (Initating and Scheduling |  On Guard
Which of the following statements about the diagram below are true? (Train [is On] 	----On---- [Holdtrain]Block) | (2)At any given time, a block may hold at most one | At any given time, a train is on at least one and at most two
blocks,(B?: At any given time, a block is on at least one and at most two trains | At any given time, a train may hold at most one block)
What are types of conceptual object? | Event | Agent | Entity | Association(B?: Operation)
What are benefits of generalization-based structuring? | (3)Common features in multiple objects are factored out into single generalized object | Increased modifiability of large models | Generalized objects & their structure are reusable in different contexts & systems (by specialization)
Which of the following statements about object models are true? | Represented by UML class diagram | Roughly, shows how relevant system concepts are structured and interrelated | Structural view of the system being modeled (as-is or to-be)_(B?: Operation view of the system being modeled (as-is or to-be))
Which of the following statement about Object instantiation are true? | An instance may migrate from one object to another | A set of object instances may evolve over time | Every conceptual object has a built-in semantic relation telling which instances are currently members of the object_(B?: An object may be member of multiple instances)
Class diagrams at conceptual level should include: | Attributes only
What is a state of an instance of conceptual object? | Tuple of functional pairs xi | --> vi ( xi : object attribute, association; vi : corresponding value for that instance)
Which of the followings are good heuristics for responsibility assignment? | (4) | Identify finer-grained assignments by goal-agent co-refinement | Select assignments that best contribute to high-priority soft goals | Favor human assignments to agents wishing the goal or a parent goal | Make assignments resulting in critical agent dependencies
Which are true statements about agent capabilities? | (2) | They are defined statically in term of monitoring links and control links to objects in the object model | When an individual becomes an instance of the agent, these variables are instantiated as state variables that this agent instance can monitor or control_(B?: An agent controls an attribute of an object if it can get the values of this attribute from object instances.)
Which of the following statements about Agents are true? | They are assigned to the leaf goals | They can run concurrently with others
Which of the following diagrams can be used to represent Agent Model? | Dependency diagram | Agent diagram | Context diagram_(B?: Sequence diagram | Class diagram)
Which of the followings about Context diagrams are true? | (2)The nodes in Context diagrams represent active system components | We can use a variant of these diagrams to capture agent and their interfaces with each other._(B?: They capture system components and their dynamic interactions through shared phenomena.)
Which of the following statements about Agent model are true? | (3)It is used to show the distribution of responsibilities within system | It shows who is doing what | It shows the Responsibility view of the system_(B?: It shows dependencies among objects)
Which of the following heuristics can be used to identify operations from interaction scenarios? | (2)For each interaction event in a scenario, is this an operation application by the source agent with output monitored by the target agent? | For each interaction event in a scenario, what is the atomic condition characterizing the interaction on the source agent timeline?
Which of the following statements about domain conditions are true? | (2)The domain post-condition of an operation characterizes the class of output sates when the operation has been applied, regardless of any restriction required for goal satisfaction | The domain pre-condition of an operation characterizes the class of input sates when the operation is applied, regardless of any restriction required for goal satisfaction
Which of the following statements is true? | A leaf goal is generally operationalized by multiple operations
Which of the following statements about UML use case diagrams is true? | (2)Generation of use cases from the operation & agent models is straightforward | A use case should operationalize the leaf goals underlying the operations in it_(B?: A use case outlines the operations an agent has to perform interactions with the agents generating operation inputs)
Which are true statements about Agent non-determinism? | (2)eager: agent instance applies operation as soon as all ReqPre true (maximal progress) | lazy: agent instance applies operation only when obliged (due to one ReqTrig true)
Which of the following statements about use cases are true? | A use case outlines the operations an agent has to perform | A use case should operationalize the leaf goals underlying the operations in it
Which of the following statements belong to Extra consistency rules between operation and agent models? | (2)The agent responsible for G must perform all operations operationalizing G | If these operations operationalize other goals, agents must be responsible for these goals too
Which of the following statements about Modeling instance behaviors is not true? | (None 4)(B?: In the case of a negative scenario, the sequence of interactions illustrates a possible way of satisfying an implicit obstacle to a goal; the scenario captures one inadmissible behavior. | It typically corresponds to the source agent instance applying an operation whose effect is monitored by the target agent instance. | Like any event, an interaction is an instantaneous object.)
Two concepts Function and non-function requirement are | Full separate (B?: The same concept, One is full includingd in remain, Other
Two concepts User requirement and System requirement are | Other (B?: Full separate, The same concept, One is full including in remain
Which of the following statements about Modeling instance behaviors are true? | (3)The scenario captures one admissible behavior of the interacting agent instances | The interacting instances may be instances of the same agent or of different ones |  In the case of a positive scenario, the sequence of interactions illustrates a possible way of satisfying an implicit behavioral goal _(B?: An interaction event is undirected and synchronous.)
Which of the following statements is true? | A guard captures a necessary condition for transition firing | A global system behavior is obtained by parallel composition of classes behaviors_(B?: A guard captures the results of transition firing)
Which of the following statements about UML sequence diagrams are true? | (3)Timelines are represented by thin rectangles; software and environment agents ate now graphically distinguished | The interaction is synchronously controlled by the source instance and monitored by the target instance | The basic UML syntax for sequence diagrams is fairly similar to the one used in event trace diagrams
Which of the following statements about Actions of State machines are true? | (2)It is applied when the transition fires | Auxiliary means that the action has no meaningful effect on the dynamics captured by the state diagram or by others_(B?: An action is a primary operation associated with a state transition)
State machines complement the fragmentary information provided by scenarios in multiple ways: | (3)They capture the behavior of any agent instance, not just a specific one. | The make state information explicit. | They are aimed at capturing all admissible sequences of state transitions, not just some specific ones
List the appropriate ways to refine scenario? | Introduce Episodes | Agent decomposition
Which of the following statements about State machines are NOT true? | (None 3)_(B?: The initial and final states of the instance correspond to the states where it appears in and disappears from the system,respectively. | They are sometime called statechart diagrams with reference to David Harel’s original state chart notation. | As in any SM diagram, a transition labeled by an event from a source state to a target state fires if an instance of the event occurs and the modeled instance is in the source state.)
Which of the followings belong to Structural consistency of the goal and agent models? | (B?: For every object in the object model, there must be at least one goal model concerning it.) | Every goal under the responsibility of an agent in the agent model must appear as a leaf goal in the goal model. | Every agent in the agent model must be responsible for at least one leaf goal in the goal model. | Every requirement in the goal model must be under theresponsibility of one and only one software agent | One of the candidate agents in an OR-assignment to a leaf goal in the goal model must appear as the selected agent responsible for this goal in the agent model.
Uncheck | (3) (B?: Every state of a state machine in the behavior model must refer to a variable declared as an attribute or association in the object model)
Uncheck | (B?: If an object is referred to by a goal under the responsibility of an agent, one or more attributes of it must be monitored or controlled by this agent)
Uncheck | (B?: Every variable monitored or controlled by an agent in the agent model must appear as an attribute or object in the object model.)
Which of the followings belong to Structural consistency of the object and behavior models? | (2)Every state of a state machine in the behavior model must refer to a variable declared as an attribute or association in the object model | Every event attribute or event specialization in the behavior model must appear as an attribute or a specialization of the corresponding object in the object model, respectively..(B?: Every variable monitored or controlled by an agent in the agent model must appear as an attribute or object in the object model.)
Which of the followings belong to Structural consistency of the goal and operation models? | (2)Every operation in the operation model must operationalize at least one leaf goal from the goal model. | Every requirement in the goal model must be operationalized by at least one operation in the operation model._(B?: Every scenario in the behavior model must be covered by at least one goal in the goal model)
Which of the followings belong to Structural consistency of the goal, agent and operation models? | (2)If an agent performs an operation, it must be responsible for all the goals operationalized by this operation. | If an agent is responsible for a goal, it must perform all operations operational zing that goal.(B?: If an object is referred to by a goal under the responsibility of an agent, one or more attributes of it must be monitored or controlled by this agent)
Which of the followings belong to Structural consistency of the object and agent models? | (3) (B?: Every state of a state machine in the behavior model must refer to a variable declared as an attribute or association in the object model) An attribute or object in the object model may be controlled by at most one agent. | Every variable monitored or controlled by an agent in the agent model must appear as an attribute or object in the object model. | Every agent in the agent model must control (or monitor) at least one attribute or object in the object model
Domain requirement may include | Both above (X: Functional requirement, Non-Functional requirement
System requirement may include | All about (X: Functional requirement, Non-Functional requirement, Domain requirement
User requirement may include | All about (X: Functional requirement, Non-Functional requirement, Domain requirement
Who should be involved in a requirements review? | Both of above (X: Client (user), Contractor (SR engineer)
What is the key factor of Requirement Elicitation? | Stakeholder involve (B?: Intelligent , Enough documents, High budget
Many types of interface had been defined. Show us what are interface type have been introduced in the list below | All above (X: Procedural interfaces, Data structures, Representations of data)
. Normally, how many kinds of information should be included when a standard form is used for specifying functional requirements? | 7
Is this true? If said: “The requirements management process includes planning and change management”. | Yes
Is this true? If said: “Ethnography is particularly effective at discovering of requirements”. | Yes
Given following activities in the requirement engineering process: | (1) Feasibility study - (3) Elicitation and analysis - (4) Requirement specification - (2) Requirement validation
Which is NOT an input of the requirement elicitation phase? | Specification of similar system
What are contents including on critical systems specification? | All above (X: Safety specification, Security specification, Software reliability specification)
Indicate in items below what is one of fundamental approaches to formal specification have been used to write detailed specifications for industrial software systems | All above (Inspection operation, Constructor operations, Algebraic approach )
Software reliability specification including | All above (Hardware reliability, Software reliability, Operator reliability)
What are contents including on critical systems specification? | None above (B?: Data-flow, Composition, Stimulus-response)
Risk can be categorized too much way. What bellow is way applying for categorized the risk? | All above (Intolerable, As low as reasonably (ALARP), Acceptable)
Data processing model will show ….? | How the data is processed at different stages
What is NOT true with context model? | Context models show what lies inside the system boundaries
______, the system need to be developed when some change requirements required to be implemented in system-to-be | System-to-be
________ refer to “the contextual reasons for a new version of a system must be made explicit in terms of objectives” to be satisfied by | The WHY dimension
Goals are _____ statements of intent the system | Prescritive
List the statements that belong to Structural consistency of the goal and object models | Bo?: One of the candidate agents in an OR-assignment to a leaf goal in the....
What is state of an instance of conceptual object? | Tuple of functional pairs xi | ->vi
which of the following statements are true? | Language-based checklist specialize the defect-based ones to the spective.... | the main purpose of requirements validation is to check the adequacy
which of the following actions belong to domain understanding and requirement elicitation? | Understand system-to-be and its context. |  | identify the problems and oppportunities calling for a newsystem. |  |  discover the real needs of stakeholder with respect to the newsystem
which of the following statements about weighting questions is true? | a weighting question provides a list of statements that need to be weighting by the respondent to express the
which of the following statements about risk management are true? | Risk management is an iteration of risk identification, assessment and control |  |  risk identification is critical and can be supported by risk checklists. component inspection..
which of the followings belong to assumption statements? | Statements to be satisfied by the environment of the software-to-be
what make knoledge acquisition from stakeholders difficult? | Difficult access to key people and data |  |  distributed sources, conflicting viewpoints |  |  different background, terminology, culture
Uncheck | (B?: An interaction event is undirected and synchronous.)
Uncheck | (B?: An agent controls an attribute of an object if it can get the values of this attribute from object instances.)
Q | A
Các b?n | ????
1. Requirement engineering is the first phase in software lifecycle? | TRUE
2. Software quality assurance is a key concern for Requirement quality assurance | FALSE
3. RE deliverable is requirements document for system-to-be | TRUE
4. RE is concerned with world and machine phenomena | FALSE
5. Why do we need models for RE? | Provides structure for RE activities Support for understanding, explanation to stakeholder Basis for making decisions Focus on key aspects (abstraction from multiple details)
6. Which of following belong to System requirement statements? | Prescriptive statement referring to environment phenomena (not necessarily shared)
7. What is requirement engineering? | Set of activities producing the requirements on a software-intensive system
8. Which of the followings belong Assumption statements? | Statements to be satisfied by the environment of the software-to-be
9. To make sure a software solution “correctly” solves some real-world problem, we must first fully understand and define | The context in which the problem arises What problem needs to be solved in the real world
10. Which of the followings statements belong to WHO dimension? | Assign responsibilities for the objective, services, and constraints among system-to-be components
11. Which of the following statements belong to WHAT dimension? | Identify & define the system-to-be’s functional services
12. Which of the following statements belong to WHY dimension? | Identify, analyze, refine the system-to-be’s objectives
13. Which of the following belong to scope of RE? | WHO,WHY,WHAT dimension
14. What are the activities producing the requirements on a software-intensive system? | Elicitation Specification Evaluation Evolution management
1. The prototype process is iterative | TRUE
2. In active mode of storyboard, stakeholders contribute to the story. The storyboard is used for joint exploration | TRUE
3. In passive mode of storyboard, stakeholders contribute to the story. The storyboard is used for explanation validation | TRUE
4. Artifact-driven techniques rely more on specific types of interaction with stakeholders | FALSE
5. All of the following actions belong to Domain understanding and Requirement elicitation expect | Understand the system-to-be and its context
6. Which of the following techniques belongs to stakeholder-driven elicitation techniques? | Observation and ethnographic studies Group sessions Interviews
7. According to performance requirements classes in a reusable catalogue, which of following belong to Time? | Response time Throughput
8. According to performance requirements classes in a reusable catalogue, which of following belong to Space? | Main memory Secondary storage
9. Which of the following statements about weighing questions is true? | A weighting question provides a list of statements that need to be weighted by the respondent to express the perceived importance, preference or risk of the corresponding statement.
10. What is the first phase of RE process? | Domain understanding and elicitation
11. What is the goal of Prototypes & mock-up? | Check requirement adequacy from direct user feedback, by showing reduced sketch of software-to-be in action
12. Which of the following statements about Software Prototypes are true? | Its aim to get early feedback from stakeholders and prompt further elicitation It is a quick implementation of some software aspects of the system-to-be There are different kind of prototype depend on which aspects are being prototype
13. What is the goal of Card sorts & repertory grids? | Acquire further into about concepts already elicited
14. We need to acquire the contextual knowledge under which the system-to-be will be elaborated. This … | Knowledge about the system-as-is Knowledge about the organization Knowledge about the domain
1. Poor risk management is a major cause of software failure | TRUE
2. A risk is an uncertain factor whose occurrence | s? c? may result in loss of satisfaction of a corresponding objective TRUE
3. The Weak, Strong conflicts are more difficult to handle than … | TRUE
4. Process-related risks are negative impacts on functional or non-functional objectives of the systems | FALSE
5. Inconsistencies are highly rare in RE | TRUE
6. Which of following are types of inconsistency in RE? | Strong conflict Terminology clash Structure clashAnswer: Designation clash
7. List types of RE risk? | Product-related risks Process-related risks
8. What are the phrases of managing conflicts process? | Identify overlapping statements Detect conflicts among them, document these Generate conflict resolutions Evaluate resolutions, select preferred
9. What are the goals of risk assessment? | Assess likehood of risks (s? lu?ng) Assess severity of risks (m?c d?) Assess likehood of risk consequences (h?u qu?)
10. What is last stage of managing conflicts process? | Evaluate resolution, select preferred (d?nh giá gi?i pháp, ch?n cách thích h?p)
11. What are the phrases of RE risk management? | Risk identification (1xác d?nh) Risk assessment (2dánh giá) Risk control (3di?u khi?n)
12. What is last phase of RE risk management? | Risk control
13. Which of the following tactics belong to risk reduction tactics? | Avoid risk Reduce consequence like hood Reduce risk like hood Mitigate risk consequence
14. Which of the followings belong to Designation clash? (s? g?i tên) | Same name for different concepts in different statementse.g. “user” for “library user” vs. “library software user”
15. Which of the followings belong to Structure clash? (C?u trúc) | Same concept structured differently in different statementse.g. “latest return date” as time point (e.g. Fri 5pm) vs. time interval (e.g. Friday)
16. Which of the followings belong to Terminology clash? (thu?t ng?) | Same concept named differently in different statementse.g. library management: “borrower” vs. “patron”
1. A context diagram is a simple graph where nodes represent system components and edges represent connections through shared phenomena declared by the labels | TRUE
2. Free documentation in unrestricted natural language has no limitation in term of expressive and communicability | TRUE
3. Use case diagrams are used to complement such a view through interaction scenarios. | FALSE
4. SADT diagrams capture activities and data in the system | TRUE
5. What is the third phase of RE process? | Requirement specification and documentation
6. Which of the following statements belong to Sequence diagram? | It complements such a view through interaction scenarios
7. Which of the following statements belong to Class diagram? | It provide a structural, entity-relationship view of the system
8. Which of the following statements belong to Use case diagram? | It is used for outlining an operational view
9. What does SADT stands for? | Structured Analysis and Design Technique
10. According to IEEE standard template for organizing the RD, which of the followings belong to General Description? | Product perspective Product functions User characteristics General constraints Assumptions & Dependencies Apportioning of requirements
11. According to IEEE standard template for organizing the RD, which of the followings belong to Specific Requirements? | Functional requirements External interface reqs Performance reqs Design constraints Software quality attributes Other requirements
12. Which of the following belongs to Inter-view consistency rules? | Every component & interconnection in a problem diagram must be further specified in an ET diagram. Every data in a flow or repository of a DFD diagram must be declared as entity, attribute, or relationship in an ER diagram. Every shared phenomenon in a problem diagram must appear as event in an ET diagram or as entity, attribute, or relationship in an ER diagram. Every state in a State Machine diagram must correspond to some value for some attribute or relationship in an ER diagram.
13. What are the generic components in a frame diagram? | A causal component A lexical component A biddable component
14. The structure of RD should make it easy to | Trade items back to their rationale Understand it Following dependency links Retrieve and analyze its items
1. Requirements quality assurance is not a major concern in view of the diversity of potential defects in the requirements document | FALSE
2. Language-based checklist specialize the defect-based ones to the specific construct of the structured, semi-formal or formal specification language used in the requirements document | TRUE
3. Formal Verification should not be used to reveal ambiguous and immeasurable RD items during specification formalization | FALSE
4. The main purpose of requirements validation is to check the adequacy of requirements and assumptions | TRUE
5. What is the first stage of the requirements inspection process? | Inspection planning
6. What is the last stage of the requirements inspection process? | RD consolidation
7. Which of the following statements belong to Free Mode of Individual Reviewing? | The inspector receives no directive on what part of the RD to consider specially or what type of defect to look for
8. Which of the following statements belong to Requirements Validation by Specification Animation? | Its main purpose is to check the adequacy of requirements and assumptions Its purpose to see whether the system-to-be as specified meets the actual expectations f stakeholder
9. Which of the following statements belong to Checklist Based Mode of Individual Reviewing? | The inspector is given a list of questions and issues to guide the defect search process
10. Which of the following belong to Defect-base checklists? | There are lists of questions structured according to the various types of defects that we can find a requirements document
11. Which of the following belong to Quality-specific checklists? | Such checklists specialize generic and quality-specific checklists to the specific concepts and standard operations found in the domain
12. All of the followings are techniques used for Requirements Quality Assurance except? | Interviews
13. Which of the following belong to phase of requirement inspection process? | Individual reviewing RD consolidation Inspection planning Defect evaluation at review meetings.
14. Which of the following are techniques used for Requirements Quality Assurance? | Queries on a requirement database Formal Verification Inspections and Reviews Animation-base validation
1. Revisions and variants define a two-dimensional space for defining product evolutions, rather than two separate tracks. | TRUE
2. Requirement changes tend to be forgotten during the evolution | TRUE
3. Variants result from evolution over time, whereas revisions result from evolution across product families | FALSE
4. Which of the following statements belong to variants? | Variants result from changes made to adapt, restrict or extend a master version to multiple classes of users or usage conditions
5. Which of the following statements belong to revisions? | A revision results from changes generally made to correct or improve the current version of a single product.
6. Which is the first stage of change control process? | Change initiation
7. Which is the last stage of change control process? | Change consolidation
8. The cost - benefit analysis should control output parameters from those input parameters, according to the weight assigned to traceability management. These output parameters include | The people who will be responsible for traceability management The technique and tools that will be used to reduce the cost of traceability management. The scope, granularity, accuracy, semantic richness and acceptable overhead of traceability management
9. What are the phases of change control process? | Change initiation Change consolidation Change evaluation and prioritization
10. Which of the followings belong to the techniques for traceability management? | Cross referencing Feature diagrams Traceability matrices
11. Which of the following is not a phase of traceability management? | None of others
12. Which of the following is a phase of traceability management? | Define traceability policy Establish traceability links Exploit traceability links Maintain traceability links
13. What is the version type of the following casual factor “Environment change: new class of users or new usage condition “? | Variant
14. What is the version type of the following casual factor "Improved quality feature"? | Revision
15. Which of the following statement about Change Control is not true? | The necessity, feasibility, benefits, impact and cost of the requested changes are evaluated by development team.
1. The finer-grained a goal, the fewer agents required for its satisfaction | TRUE
2. Goals are prescriptive statements of intent the system should satisfy through cooperation of its agent | TRUE
3. Goal satisfaction requires agent cooperation? | TRUE
4. What is the goal? | Prescriptive statement of intent the system should satisfy through cooperation of its agents
5. What are types of goals? | Behavioral goals (x) Soft goals (x)
6. What are goal categories? | Functional goals (x) Non- functional goals (x)
7. What is a system agent? | It is an active system component that is responsible for goal satisfaction
8. What are types of Agents? | Software Device Human
9. Which of the following statements about system agent are true? | We must restrict its behavior to meet its assigned goals (x) It must be able to monitor/control phenomena involved in assigned goals (x)
10. Which of the following statements belong to Higher-level goals? | Effective access to state of the art 50% increase of transportation capacity
11. Which of the following statements belong to Lower-level goals? | Reminder issued by end of loan period if no return Acceleration command sent every 3 seconds
12. Which of the following statements about behavioral goals are true? | Prescribe intended system behaviors declaratively Used for building operation models to meet them
13. What are goal categories? | Functional goals Non- functional goals
14. Which of the following statements about the distinction between goals & domain properties is not true? | Only domain properties are required in requirements documentation
15. Which of the following statements belong to soft goals are true? | Used for comparing options to select preferred Often take the forms: Maximize / Minimize, Increases / Reduce, Improve,… Capture preferences among alternative behaviors
1. AND-refinements should also be consistent and maximal | FALSE
2. The view that covers the WHY dimension of RE is provided by a goal model? | TRUE
3. A goal model shows contribution links and leaf goal assignments | TRUE
4. Getting complete refinements of behavioral goals is essential for requirements completeness | TRUE
5. A goal model includes: | AND – refinement OR– refinement
6. What are the leaf nodes? | c. Goals assignable to single system agents
7. Which of the following statements about goal model are true? | Refinement trees visualize satisfaction arguments Goals are recursively refinable
8. Which of the following statements about refinements are true? | Getting complete refinements of behavioral goals is essential for requirements completeness Domain properties are often used for arguing about complete refinements
9. All of the followings are heuristic rules of building goal models except? | Merge responsibilities
10. Which of the following statement about Goal Model are true? | Getting complete refinements of behavioral goals is essential for requirements completeness Alternative goal refinements yield different system proposals We can capture potential conflicts among goals
11. What “does AND-refinements should be consistent” mean? | Sub goals G1, ..., Gn and domain properties in Domains may not contradict each other (x)
12. What “does AND-refinements should be minimal” mean? | if one sub goal Gj is missing, the parent goal is no longer necessarily satisfied (x)
13. Which of the following statements don't belong to heuristic rules of building goal models? | Merge responsibilities Analyze the current objectives and problems in the system-to-be
14. Which of the following belong to heuristic rules of building goal models? | Instantiate goal categories Search for goal-related keywords in elicitation material Ask how and why question
1. Risk is the uncertain factor whose occurrence may result in loss of satisfaction of corresponding objective | TRUE
2. Obstacle is the condition on system for violation of corresponding assertion | TRUE
3. The Poor risk management is a major cause of software failure | TRUE
4. Risk analysis cannot be anchored on goal models | FALSE
5. What is a risk? | Uncertain factor whose occurrence may result in loss of satisfaction of corresponding objective
6. Which of the following statements belong to Week mitigation countermeasure? | New goal ensures weaker version of goal when obstructed
7. What does Agent substitution mean? | Consider alternative responsibilities for obstructed goal so as to make obstacle unfeasible
8. What does Goal restoration mean? | Enforce target condition as obstacle occurs
9. What does Obstacle prevention mean? | Introduce new goal Avoid [obstacle]
10. AND-refinement of obstacle O should be | Consistent Complete Minimal
11. What are obstacles? | The conditions on system for violation of corresponding assertion
12. Which is a strong mitigation? | A new goal ensures parent of goal when obstructed
13. Which is a weak mitigation? | A new goal ensures weaker version of goal when obstructed
14. According to tautology-based refinement, not (A and B) amounts to | Not A or not B
15. According to tautology-based refinement, not (A if B) amounts to | (A and not B) or (not A and B)
16. Which is the last stage of Risk Management process? | Risk Control
1. Conceptual object can be enumerated in only one system state | FALSE
2. Set of instances of a system-specific concept cannot share similar features | FALSE
3. Which of the following are good class diagrams? | Diagram2.Diagram4.
4. Class diagrams at conceptual level should include: | Attributes only
5. Which of the followings is a good context diagram? | Diagram1
6. Which of the following statements about object models are true? | Represented by UML class diagram Roughly, shows how relevant system concepts are structured and interrelated Structural view of the system being modeled (as-is or to-be)
7. Which of the following statements about the diagram below are true? | At any given time, a block may hold at most one At any given time, a train is on at least one and at most two blocks
8. What is an Attribute Multiplicity? | Min/max number of values the attribute may take
9. What is a state of an instance of conceptual object? | Tuple of functional pairs xi | --> vi ( xi : object attribute, association; vi : corresponding value for that instance)
10. What are benefits of generalization-based structuring? | Common features in multiple objects are factored out into single generalized object Increased modifiability of large models Generalized objects & their structure are reusable in different contexts & systems (by specialization)
1. Abstract agents can be refined? | TRUE
2. An agent is said to monitor (or control) an object when the object monitors (or controls) all the agent’s attributes and associations | FALSE
3. Which of the followings are good heuristics for responsibility assignment? | Identify finer-grained assignments by goal-agent co-refinement Select assignments that best contribute to high-priority soft goals Favor human assignments to agents wishing the goal or a parent goal
4. Which are true statements about agent capabilities? | They are defined statically in term of monitoring links and control links to objects in the object model When an individual becomes an instance of the agent, these variables are instantiated as state variables that this agent instance can monitor or control
5. Which of the following statements about Agents are true? | They are assigned to the leaf goals They can run concurrently with others
6. Which of the following statement about the Meeting Scheduling system are true? | Meetings should be scheduled after the scheduler gets all participants' constrain
7. A goal turns to be unrealizable by an agent if and only if one of the following criteria holds? | The agent is unable to monitor a variable in the goal specification that needs to be evaluated for goal satisfaction
8. Which of the followings about Context diagrams are true? | The nodes in Context diagrams represent active system components We can use a variant of these diagrams to capture agent and their interfaces with each other.
9. Which of the following statements about Agent model are true? | It is used to show the distribution of responsibilities within system It shows who is doing what It shows the Responsibility view of the system
10. Which of the following diagrams can be used to represent Agent Model? | Dependency diagram Agent diagram Context diagram
1. We can use only Use case diagram to show operational view of the system | FALSE
2. Goal refinement followed by operationalization is preferable to operation refinement, as it preserves goal traceability and supports simpler satisfaction arguments | TRUE
3. Which of the following heuristics can be used to identify operations from interaction scenarios? | For each interaction event in a scenario, is this an operation application by the source agent with output monitored by the target agent? For each interaction event in a scenario, what is the atomic condition characterizing the interaction on the source agent timeline?
4. Which of the following statements about domain conditions are true? | The domain post-condition of an operation characterizes the class of output sates when the operation has been applied, regardless of any restriction required for goal satisfaction The domain pre-condition of an operation characterizes the class of input sates when the operation is applied, regardless of any restriction required for goal satisfaction
5. Which of the following statements is true? | A leaf goal is generally operationalized by multiple operations
6. Which of the following statements about UML use case diagrams is true? | Generation of use cases from the operation & agent models is straightforward A use case should operationalize the leaf goals underlying the operations in it
7. Which are true statements about Agent non-determinism? | eager: agent instance applies operation as soon as all ReqPre true (maximal progress) lazy: agent instance applies operation only when obliged (due to one ReqTrig true)
8. Which of the following statements about use cases are true? | A use case outlines the operations an agent has to perform A use case should operationalize the leaf goals underlying the operations in it
9. Which of the following statements about basic features of operations are true? | Any system operation has a unique name
10. Which of the following statements belong to Extra consistency rules between operation and agent models? | The agent responsible for G must perform all operations operationalizing G If these operations operationalize other goals, agents must be responsible for these goals too
1. State machines provide visual abstractions of explicit behaviors of any agent instance on a class. | TRUE
2. Scenarios do not support an informal, narrative and concrete style of expression | FALSE
3. Which of the following statements about Modeling instance behaviors is not true? | None of the others
4. Which of the following statements about Modeling instance behaviors are true? | The scenario captures one admissible behavior of the interacting agent instances The interacting instances may be instances of the same agent or of different ones In the case of a positive scenario, the sequence of interactions illustrates a possible way of satisfying an implicit behavioral goal
5. Which of the following statements is true? | A guard captures a necessary condition for transition firing A global system behavior is obtained by parallel composition of classes' behaviors
6. Which of the following statements about UML sequence diagrams are true? | Timelines are represented by thin rectangles; software and environment agents ate now graphically distinguished The interaction is synchronously controlled by the source instance and monitored by the target instance The basic UML syntax for sequence diagrams is fairly similar to the one used in event trace diagrams
7. Which of the following statements about Actions of State machines are true? | It is applied when the transition fires Auxiliary means that the action has no meaningful effect on the dynamics captured by the state diagram or by others
8. State machines complement the fragmentary information provided by scenarios in multiple ways: | They capture the behavior of any agent instance, not just a specific one. The make state information explicit. They are aimed at capturing all admissible sequences of state transitions, not just some specific ones
9. List the appropriate ways to refine scenario? | Introduce Episodes Agent decomposition
10. Which of the following statements about State machines are NOT true? | None of the others.
1. To support Structural consistency of the goal and object models, for every object in the object model, there must be at least one goal in goal model concerning it | TRUE
2. To support Structural consistency of the goal and agent models, every goal under the responsibility of an agent in the agent model must appear as a leaf goal in the goal model | TRUE
3. Which of the followings belong to Structural consistency of the goal and agent models? | Every goal under the responsibility of an agent in the agent model must appear as a leaf goal in the goal model. |  |  Every agent in the agent model must be responsible for at least one leaf goal in the goal model. |  |  Every requirement in the goal model must be under the responsibility of one and only one software agent |  |  One of the candidate agents in an OR-assignment to a leaf goal in the goal model must appear as the selected agent responsible for this goal in the agent model.
4. Which of the followings belong to Structural consistency of the object and behavior models? | Every state of a state machine in the behavior model must refer to a variable declared as an attribute or association in the object model. |  |  Every event attribute or event specialization in the behavior model must appear as an attribute or a specialization of the corresponding object in the object model, respectively.
5. Which of the followings belong to Structural consistency of the goal and operation models? | Every operation in the operation model must operationalize at least one leaf goal from the goal model. |  |  Every requirement in the goal model must be operationalized by at least one operation in the operation model.
6. Which of the followings belong to Structural consistency of the goal, agent and operation models? | If an agent performs an operation, it must be responsible for all the goals operationalized by this operation. |  |  If an agent is responsible for a goal, it must perform all operations operational zing that goal.
7. Which of the followings belong to Structural consistency of the goal, agent and behavior models? | Every parallel state machine capturing the behavior of an agent in the behavior model must show a set of paths prescribed by goals from the goal model that are assigned to this agent in the agent model.
8. Which of the followings belong to Structural consistency of the goal, object and agent models? | If an object is referred to by a goal under the responsibility of an agent, one or more attributes of it must be monitored or controlled by this agent.
9. What are the meta models that can be used for view integration? | The agent meta-model
10. Which of the followings belong to Structural consistency of the object and agent models? | An attribute or object in the object model may be controlled by at most one agent. |  |  Every variable monitored or controlled by an agent in the agent model must appear as an attribute or object in the object model. |  |  Every agent in the agent model must control (or monitor) at least one attribute or object in the object model.
1/ which of the following statement about object instantiation are true | an instance may migrate from one object to another |  | a set of object instances may evolve over time |  | every conceptual object has a build-in semantic relation telling which instances are currently members of object
4/ which of the following statements about state machines are true? | The initial and final states of the instance correspond to the states where it appears in and disappears from the system respectively |  | As in any SM diagram , a transition labeled by an event from a source state to ....
5. Which of the following figures about requirement engineering process is true? | Consolidated, Alternative proposals ,Agreed requirements ,Documented requirements
What are the phases of change control process? | Change consolidation ,Change evaluation and priortilization ,change initiation
Which of the following statements about system agen are true? | It must be able to monitor/control phenomena involved in assigned goals /We must restricted its behavior to meet its assigned goals
8/ which of the following statements are true | Agent’s instances can not control behavior of other objects |  | Responsibility assignments should take agent capabilities into a account |  | Abstract agents can be refined
9/ which of the following figures about Reusing an abstract domain to drive elicitation is true | Figure 2 (Resource - Book)
How to Derive the updated object model? | Identify tracking associations betweens environment objects and software counter-parts |  | Indentify generatizations from objects characterized by similar attributes, associations or domain descriptions
11/ what make knowledge acquisition from stakeholders difficult | Difficult access to key people and data |  | Distributed sources, conflicting viewpoints |  | Different background, terminology, culture
15/ which of the following statements about risk management are true | Rick management is an iteration of risk identification, assessment and control |  | Risk identification is critical and can be supported by risk checklist, component inspection, risk tree analysis and elicitation techniques
16/ Which of the following statements about weighting questions is true | A weighting question provides a list of …
17/ Which of the following actions belong to Domain understanding and Requirement elicitation? | Understand the system-to-be and its context// Identify the problems and opportunities calling for a newsystem // Discover the real needs of stakeholders with respect to the newsystem
Which of the following statements about Sequence diagram are not true? | It provide a structural,entity-relationship view of the system // It is used for outlining an operational view
19/ which of the following statements are true | language-base checklist specialize … |  | the main purpose of requirements…
20/ which of the following figures conflict management process is true | figure 4
21 /which of the following belong to structural consistency of the goal and object models | Every goal in the goal model must… |  | For every object in the object model… |  | Every conceptual item referred…
23/ which of the following statements are true | Evolution phase triggers new cycles… |  | Requirement changes tend to forgotten during the evolution' |  | Revision and variants a two-dimensional space for defining product evolutions, rather than 2 separate tracks
25/ which of the following statements are true | Goal satisfaction requires… |  | The finer-grained a goal…
Which of the following statements belong to Checklist Based Mode of individual Reviewing? | The inspector is givben a list of questions and issues to guide the detect search process
27/ RE is only concerned with machine phenomena | False
Which of the following Obstacle diagrams of Train control system is correct? | Figure 4
30/ Which of the following statements about Context diagrams are true? | We can use a variant of these diagrams to capture agent and their interfaces with each other // The nodes in Context diagrams represent active system components
Which of the following belong to phase of requirements inspection process? | Defect a valuation at review meetings |  | Requirement documentation |  | Individual reviewing |  | Inspection planning
Which of the followings do not belong to Goal Restoration? | Consider alternative refinement of parent goal to avoid obstruction of child goal |  | Introduce new goal Avoid[obstacle] |  | Weaken the obstructed goal's to mukation so that it no longer gets obstructed |  | Consider alternative responsibilities for obstructed goal so as to make obstacle unfeasible
Which of the following are good diagrams? | Diagram 3 4 5
36/ Which of the following statements are not true? | Use cas diagrams are used to complement such a viewthrough interaction scenarios // The output of the specification and documentation phase is the consolidated requirement document
37/ Which of the following figures about Statement typology with goals is true? | Figure 1
38/ Which of the following statements are true? | The operational model can be used to be the basic for driving black box testing |  | To build an opration alization diagram,....Goal refinement followed by opearationalization is preferable...
Which of the following belong to Defect-base checklists? | There are lists of questions structured according to various types of defects that we can find a requirements document
Which of the followings figures about a Goals model of Train control system is correct? | Figure3
Which of the following statement about Inter-view consistency rules are true? | Every state in a State Machine diagram must correspond .... // Every data in a flow or reposity of DFD diagram must be declared as entity,..
Which of the following statements are true? | The view that covers the WHY dimension of RE is provided by a goal model |  | If one sub goal Gj is missing , the parent goal is no longer necessarily satisfied |  | Getting comple refinements of behavioral goals is essential for requirements completeness 
Which of the following statements about Modeling instance behaviors are true? | In the case of negative scenario, the sequence of interactions illustrates a possible way os satisfying an implicit obstacle to a goal,the scenario captures one in admissible behavior |  | It typically corresponds to source agent instance applying an operation whose effect is monitored by the target agent instance |  | An interaction events is directed and synchronous
How to Update the goal model with new goals illustrated by scenarios? | Use goal refinement patterns // Identify soft goals by analyzing by prons and cons of alternative refinements // Instantiate goal categories
Which of the followings belong to the techniques for traceability management? | Traceability matrices // Cross referencing // Feature diagrams
Which of the followings belong Structural consistency of the goal and behavior model? | Every scenario in the behavior model must be covered by at least one goal in the goal model
Which of the following object models of the Library System ae not correct? | Diagram 1,2
Which of the following steps belong to Modeling system-to-be? | Update the goal model with newgoals illistrated by scenarios |  | Analyze obstacle,threats and conflicts |  | Analyze responsibilities and build the agent model |  | Derive the updated object model
What are the advantages of Quantitative assessment? | Fine-grained than qualitative assessment
.Requirement engineering is the first phase in software lifecycle? | TRUE
.Software quality assurance is a key concern for Requirement quality assurance | FALSE
.RE deliverable is requirements document for system-to-be | TRUE
.RE is concerned with world and machine phenomena | TRUE
.Why do we need models for RE? | Provides structure for RE activities,Support for understanding, explanation to stakeholder ,Basis for making decisions ,Focus on key aspects (abstraction from multiple details)
.Which of following belong to System requirement statements? | Prescriptive statement referring to environment phenomena (not necessarily shared)
.What is requirement engineering? | Set of activities producing the requirements on a software-intensive system
.Which of the followings belong Assumption statements? | Statements to be satisfied by the environment of the software-to-be
.To make sure a software solution “correctly” solves some real-world problem, we must first fully understand and define | The context in which the problem arises, What problem needs to be solved in the real world
.Which of the followings statements belong to WHO dimension? | Assign responsibilities for the objective, services, and constraints among system-to-be components
.Which of the following statements belong to WHAT dimension? | Identify& define the system-to-be’s functional services
.Which of the following statements belong to WHY dimension? | Identify, analyze, refine the system-to-be’s objectives
.Which of the following belong to scope of RE? | WHO,WHY,WHAT dimension
.What are the activities producing the requirements on a software-intensive system? | Elicitation, Specification, Evaluation, Evolution management
.The prototype process is iterative | TRUE
.In active mode of storyboard, stakeholders contribute to the story. The storyboard is used for joint exploration | TRUE
.In passive mode of storyboard, stakeholders contribute to the story. The storyboard is used for explanation validation | TRUE
.Artifact-driven techniques rely more on specific types of interaction with stakeholders | FALSE
.All of the following actions belong to Domain understanding and Requirement elicitation expect | Understand the system-to-be and its context
.Which of the following techniques belongs to stakeholder-driven elicitation techniques? | Observation and ethnographic studies, Group sessions, Interviews
.According to performance requirements classes in a reusable catalogue, which of following belong to Time? | Response time, Throughput
.According to performance requirements classes in a reusable catalogue, which of following belong to Space? | Main memory, Secondary storage
.Which of the following statements about weighing questions is true? | A weighting question provides a list of statements that need to be weighted by the respondent to express the perceived importance, preference or risk of the corresponding statement.
.What is the first phase of RE process? | Domain understanding and elicitation
.What is the goal of Prototypes & mock-up? | Check requirement adequacy from direct user feedback, by showing reduced sketch of software-to-be in action
.1 (3)/Which of the following statements about Software Prototypes are true? | 1 (3)/Its aim to get early feedback from stakeholders and prompt further elicitation
.2 (3)/Which of the following statements about Software Prototypes are true? | 2 (3)/It is a quick implementation of some software aspects of the system-to-be
.3 (3)/Which of the following statements about Software Prototypes are true? | 3/There are different kind of prototype depend on which aspects are being prototype
.What is the goal of Card sorts & repertory grids? | Acquire further into about concepts already elicited
.We need to acquire the contextual knowledge under which the system-to-be will be elaborated. This … | Knowledge about the system-as-is, Knowledge about the organization,Knowledge about the domain
.Poor risk management is a major cause of software failure | TRUE
.A risk is an uncertain factor whose occurrence may result in loss of satisfaction of a corresponding objective | TRUE
.The Weak, Strong conflicts are more difficult to handle than… | TRUE
.Process-related risks are negative impacts on functional or non-functional objectives of the systems | FALSE
.Inconsistencies are highly rare in RE | TRUE
.Which of following are types of inconsistency in RE? | Terminology clash, Structure clash, Designation clash (b? Grammar class)
.List types of RE risk? | Product-related risks, Process-related risks (b? Architecture-related risks)
.What are the phrases of managing conflicts process? | Identify overlapping statements, Detect conflicts among them, document these, Generate conflict resolutions, Evaluate resolutions, select preferred (b? Resolves conflicts)
.What are the goals of risk assessment? | Assess likehood of risks (s? lu?ng), Assess severity of risks (m?c d?), Assess likehood of risk consequences (h?u qu?)
.What is last stage of managing conflicts process? | Evaluate resolution, select preferred (dánh giá gi?i pháp, ch?n cách thích h?p)
.What are the phrases of RE risk management? | Risk identification (1xác d?nh), Risk assessment (2dánh giá), Risk control (3di?u khi?n)
.What is last phase of RE risk management? | Risk control
.Which of the following tactics belong to risk reduction tactics? | Avoid risk, Reduce consequence like hood, Reduce risk like hood, Mitigate risk consequence, (b?:Resolve risk)
.Which of the followings belong to Designation clash? | Same name for different concepts in different statements | e.g. “user” for “library user” vs. “library software user”
.Which of the followings belong to Structure clash? | Same concept structured differently in different statements | e.g. “latest return date” as time point (e.g. Fri 5pm) vs. time interval (e.g. Friday)
.Which of the followings belong to Terminology clash? | Same concept named differently in different statements | e.g. library management: “borrower” vs. “patron”
.A context diagram is a simple graph where nodes represent system components and edges represent connections through shared phenomena declared by the labels | TRUE
.Free documentation in unrestricted natural language has no limitation in term of expressive and communicability | TRUE
.Use case diagrams are used to complement such a view through interaction scenarios. | FALSE
.SADT diagrams capture activities and data in the system | TRUE
.What is the third phase of RE process? | Requirement specification and documentation
.Which of the following statements belong to Sequence diagram? | It complements such a view throughinteractionscenarios
.Which of the following statements belong to Class diagram? | It provide a structural, entity-relationship view of the system
.Which of the following statements belong to Use case diagram? | It is used for outlining an operational view
.What does SADT stands for? | Structured Analysis and Design Technique
.According to IEEE standard template for organizing the RD, which of the followings belong to General Description? | Product perspective, Product functions, User characteristics, General constraints, Assumptions & Dependencies, Apportioning of requirements (b?: External interface requirements)
.1/4) Which of the following belongs to Inter-view consistency rules? | (1/4) Every component & interconnection in a problem diagram must be further specified in an ET diagram.
.4/4) Which of the following belongs to Inter-view consistency rules | 4/4) Every state in a State Machine diagram must correspond to some value for some attribute or relationship in an ER diagram.
.What are the generic components in a frame diagram? | A causal component, A lexical component, A biddable component, (b?: A Resultant component )
.According to IEEE standard template for organizing the RD, which of the followings belong to Specific Requirements? | Functional requirements, External interface reqs, Performance reqs, Design constraints, Software quality attributes, Other requirements, (b?: User characteristics)
.2/4) Which of the following belongs to Inter-view consistency rules | 2/4) Every data in a flow or repository of a DFD diagram must be declared as entity, attribute, or relationship in an ER diagram.
.3/4) Which of the following belongs to Inter-view consistency rules | 3/4) Every shared phenomenon in a problem diagram must appear as event in an ET diagram or as entity, attribute, or relationship in an ER diagram.
.The structure of RD should make it easy to | Trade items back to their rationale, Understand it, Following dependency links, Retrieve and analyze its items, (b?: Understand the software structure)
.Requirements quality assurance is not a major concern in view of the diversity of potential defects in the requirements document | FALSE
.Language-based checklist specialize the defect-based ones to the specific construct of the structured, semi-formal or formal specification language used in the requirements document | TRUE
.Formal Verification should not be used to reveal ambiguous and immeasurable RD items during specification formalization | FALSE
.The main purpose of requirements validation is to check the adequacy of requirements and assumptions | TRUE
.What is the first stage of the requirements inspection process? | Inspection planning
.What is the last stage of the requirements inspection process? | RD consolidation
.Which of the following statements belong to Free Mode of Individual Reviewing? | The inspector receives no directive on what part of the RD to consider specially or what type of defect to look for
.Which of the following statements belong to Requirements Validation by Specification Animation? | (All) Its main purpose is to check the adequacy of requirements and assumptions, Its purpose to see whether the system-to-be as specified meets the actual expectations of stakeholder
.Which of the following statements belong to Checklist Based Mode of Individual Reviewing? | The inspector is given a list of questions and issues to guide the defect search process
.Which of the following belong to Defect-base checklists? | There are lists of questions structured according to the various types of defects that we can find a requirements document
.Which of the following belong to Quality-specific checklists? | Such checklists specialize generic and quality-specific checklists to the specific concepts and standard operations found in the domain
.All of the followings are techniques used for Requirements Quality Assurance except? | Interviews
.Which of the following belong to phase of requirement inspection process? | Individual reviewing, RD consolidation, Inspection planning, Defect evaluation at review meetings, (b?: Requirement documentation)
.Which of the following are techniques used for Requirements Quality Assurance? | Queries on a requirement database, Formal Verification, Inspections and Reviews, Animation-base validation,(b?: Interviews)
.Revisions and variants define a two-dimensional space for defining product evolutions, rather than two separate tracks. | TRUE
.Requirement changes tend to be forgotten during the evolution | TRUE
.Variants result from evolution over time, whereas revisions result from evolution across product families | FALSE
.Which of the following statements belong to variants? | Variants result from changes made to adapt, restrict or extend a master version to multiple classes of users or usage conditions
.Which of the following statements belong to revisions? | A revision results from changes generally made to correct or improve the current version of a single product.
.Which is the first stage of change control process? | Changeinitiation
.Which is the last stage of change control process? | Change consolidation
.The cost - benefit analysis should control output parameters from those input parameters, according to the weight assigned to traceability management. These output parameters include | (All 3) The people who will be responsible for traceability management, The technique and tools that will be used to reduce the cost of traceability management, The scope, granularity, accuracy, semantic richness and acceptable overhead of traceability management
.What are the phases of change control process? | Change initiation, Change consolidation, Change evaluation and prioritization, (b?: Change anticipation)
.Which of the followings belong to the techniques for traceability management? | Cross referencing,Feature diagrams,Traceability matrices,(b?: Traceability management,Traceability model databases,Specification-based traceability management,Traceability link generators,Consistency checkers)
.Which of the following is not a phase of traceability management? | (None) (b?: Maintain traceability links,Define traceability policy,Establish traceability links,Exploit traceability links)
.Which of the following is a phase of traceability management? | Define traceability policy, Establish traceability links, Exploit traceability links, Maintain traceability links
.What is the version type of the following casual factor “Environment change: new class of users or new usage condition“? | Variant
.What is the version type of the following casual factor "Improved quality feature"? | Revision
.Which of the following statement about Change Control is not true? | The necessity, feasibility, benefits, impact and cost of the requested changes are evaluated by development team.
.The finer-grained a goal, the fewer agents required for its satisfaction | TRUE
.Goals are prescriptive statements of intent the system should satisfy through cooperation of its agent | TRUE
.Goal satisfaction requires agent cooperation? | TRUE
.What is the goal? | Prescriptive statement of intent the system should satisfy through cooperation of its agents
.What are types of goals? | (2 types) Behavioral goals, Soft goals, (b?: Functional goals,Non- functional goals)
.What are goal categories? | Functional goals, Non- functional goals
.What is a system agent? | It is an active system component that is responsible for goal satisfaction
.What are types of Agents? | (3 types) Software,Device,Human, (b?: The domain)
.Which of the following statements about system agent are true? | (2)We must restrict its behavior to meet its assigned goals, It must be able to monitor/control phenomena involved in assigned goals,(b?: We should focus on its role thather than the individual)
.Which of the following statements belong to Lower-level goals? | Reminder issued by end of loan period if no return, Acceleration command sent every 3 seconds
.Which of the following statements about behavioral goals are true? | (3)Cannot be satisfied in a clear-cut sense (yes or no),Prescribe intended system behaviors declaratively,Used for building operation models to meet them
.Which of the following statements about the distinction between goals & domain properties is not true? | Only domain properties are required in requirements documentation
.AND-refinements should also be consistent and maximal | FALSE
.The view that covers the WHY dimension of RE is provided by a goal model? | TRUE
.A goal model shows contribution links and leaf goal assignments | TRUE
.Getting complete refinements of behavioral goals is essential for requirements completeness | TRUE
.Which of the following statements belong to soft goals are true? | (3)Used for comparing options to select preferred,Often take the forms: Maximize / Minimize, Increases /Reduce, Improve,…,Capture preferences among alternative behaviors, (b?: Can be satisfied in clear-cut sense)
.A goal model includes: | AND – refinement, OR– refinement
.What are the leaf nodes? | Goals assignable to single system agents
.Which of the following statements about goal model are true? | (2) Refinement trees visualize satisfaction arguments, Goals are recursively refine-able
.Which of the following statements about refinements are true? | (2) Getting complete refinements of behavioral goals is essential for requirements completeness, Domain properties are often used for arguing about complete refinements
.All of the followings are heuristic rules of building goal models except? | Merge responsibilities
.Which of the following statement about Goal Model are true? | (3) Getting complete refinements of behavioral goals is essential for requirements completeness, Alternative goal refinements yield different system proposals,We can capture potential conflicts among goals,(b?: It is used to model systems conceptual objects )
.What “does AND-refinements should be consistent” mean? | Sub goals G1, ..., Gn and domain properties in Domains may not contradict each other
.What “does AND-refinements should be minimal” mean? | If one sub goal Gj is missing, the parent goal is no longer necessarily satisfied
.Which of the following statements do not belong to heuristic rules of building goal models? | (2)Merge responsibilities, Analyze the current objectives and problems in the system-to-be
.Which of the following belong to heuristic rules of building goal models? | (3)Instantiate goal categories, Search for goal-related keywords in elicitation material, Ask how and why question,(b?: Analyze the current objectives and problems in the system-to-be)
.Risk is the uncertain factor whose occurrence may result in loss of satisfaction of corresponding objective | TRUE
.Obstacle is the condition on system for violation of corresponding assertion | TRUE
.The Poor risk management is a major cause of software failure | TRUE
.Risk analysis cannot be anchored on goal models | FALSE
.What is a risk? | Uncertain factor whose occurrence may result in loss of satisfaction of corresponding objective
.Which of the following statements belong to Week mitigations countermeasure? | New goal ensures weaker version of goal when obstructed
.What does Agent substitution mean? | Consider alternative responsibilities for obstructed goal so as to make obstacle unfeasible
.What does Goal restoration mean? | Enforce target condition as obstacle occurs
.What does Goal weakening mean? | Weaken the obstructed goal’s formulation so that it no longer gets obstructed.
.What does Obstacle prevention mean? | Introduce new goal Avoid [obstacle]
.AND-refinement of obstacle O should be | Consistent,Complete,Minimal (b?: Disjoint)
.What are obstacles? | The conditions on system for violation of corresponding assertion
.Which is a strong mitigation? | A new goal ensures parent of goal when obstructed
.Which is a weak mitigation? | A new goal ensures weaker version of goal when obstructed
.According to tautology-based refinement, not (A and B) amounts to | Not A or not B
.According to tautology-based refinement, not (A if B) amounts to | (A and not B) or (not A and B)
.Which is the last stage of Risk Management process? | Risk Control
.Conceptual object can be enumerated in only one system state | FALSE
.RE is concerned with the problem world only | TRUE
.Invariant seeming to constrain one object only | FALSE
.Set of instances of a system-specific concept cannot share similar features | FALSE
.Which of the following are good class diagrams? | (2-4) diagrams (Initating and Scheduling |  On Guard
.Which of the followings is a good context diagram? | (Diagram1 Meeting date.range & Meeting.Date
.Which of the following statements about the diagram below are true? (Train [is On] 	----On---- [Holdtrain]Block) | (2)At any given time, a block may hold at most one | At any given time, a train is on at least one and at most two blocks,(b?: At any given time, a block is on at least one and at most two trains | At any given time, a train may hold at most one block)
.What are types of conceptual object? | Event | Agent | Entity | Association(b?: Operation)
.What are benefits of generalization-based structuring? | (3)Common features in multiple objects are factored out into single generalized object | Increased modifiability of large models | Generalized objects & their structure are reusable in different contexts & systems (by specialization)
.Which of the following statements about object models are true? | Represented by UML class diagram | Roughly, shows how relevant system concepts are structured and interrelated | Structural view of the system being modeled (as-is or to-be)_(b?: Operation view of the system being modeled (as-is or to-be))
.Which of the following statement about Object instantiation are true? | An instance may migrate from one object to another | A set of object instances may evolve over time | Every conceptual object has a built-in semantic relation telling which instances are currently members of the object_(b?: An object may be member of multiple instances)
.Class diagrams at conceptual level should include: | Attributes only
.What is an Attribute Multiplicity? | Min/max number of values the attribute may take
.What is a state of an instance of conceptual object? | Tuple of functional pairs xi | --> vi ( xi : object attribute, association; vi : corresponding value for that instance)
.Abstract agents can be refined? | TRUE
.Agent’s instances cannot control behavior of other objects | TRUE
.Responsibility assignments should not take agent capabilities into account | FALSE
.Which of the followings are good heuristics for responsibility assignment? | (4) | Identify finer-grained assignments by goal-agent co-refinement | Select assignments that best contribute to high-priority soft goals | Favor human assignments to agents wishing the goal or a parent goal | Make assignments resulting in critical agent dependencies
.Which are true statements about agent capabilities? | (2) | They are defined statically in term of monitoring links and control links to objects in the object model | When an individual becomes an instance of the agent, these variables are instantiated as state variables that this agent instance can monitor or control_(b?: An agent controls an attribute of an object if it can get the values of this attribute from object instances.)
.Which of the following statements about Agents are true? | They are assigned to the leaf goals | They can run concurrently with others
.Which of the following statement about the Meeting Scheduling system are true? | Meetings should be scheduled after the scheduler gets all participants constrain
.A goal turns to be unrealizable by an agent if and only if one of the following criteria holds? | The agent is unable to monitor a variable in the goal specification that needs to be evaluated for goal satisfaction
.Which of the following diagrams can be used to represent Agent Model? | Dependency diagram | Agent diagram | Context diagram_(b?: Sequence diagram | Class diagram)
.We can use only Use case diagram to show operational view of the system | FALSE
.Goal refinement followed by operationalization is preferable to operation refinement, as it preserves goal traceability and supports simpler satisfaction arguments | TRUE
.Which of the followings about Context diagrams are true? | (2)The nodes in Context diagrams represent active system components | We can use a variant of these diagrams to capture agent and their interfaces with each other._(b?: They capture system components and their dynamic interactions through shared phenomena.)
.Which of the following statements about Agent model are true? | (3)It is used to show the distribution of responsibilities within system | It shows who is doing what | It shows the Responsibility view of the system_(b?: It shows dependencies among objects)
.Which of the following heuristics can be used to identify operations from interaction scenarios? | (2)For each interaction event in a scenario, is this an operation application by the source agent with output monitored by the target agent? | For each interaction event in a scenario, what is the atomic condition characterizing the interaction on the source agent timeline?
.Which of the following statements about domain conditions are true? | (2)The domain post-condition of an operation characterizes the class of output sates when the operation has been applied, regardless of any restriction required for goal satisfaction | The domain pre-condition of an operation characterizes the class of input sates when the operation is applied, regardless of any restriction required for goal satisfaction
.Which of the following statements is true? | A leaf goal is generally operationalized by multiple operations
.Which of the following statements about UML use case diagrams is true? | (2)Generation of use cases from the operation & agent models is straightforward | A use case should operationalize the leaf goals underlying the operations in it_(b?: A use case outlines the operations an agent has to perform interactions with the agents generating operation inputs)
.Which are true statements about Agent non-determinism? | (2)eager: agent instance applies operation as soon as all ReqPre true (maximal progress) | lazy: agent instance applies operation only when obliged (due to one ReqTrig true)
.Which of the following statements about use cases are true? | A use case outlines the operations an agent has to perform | A use case should operationalize the leaf goals underlying the operations in it
.Which of the following statements about basic features of operations are true? | Any system operation has a unique name
.Which of the following statements belong to Extra consistency rules between operation and agent models? | (2)The agent responsible for G must perform all operations operationalizing G | If these operations operationalize other goals, agents must be responsible for these goals too
.State machines provide visual abstractions of explicit behaviors of any agent instance on a class. | TRUE
.Scenarios do not support an informal, narrative and concrete style of expression | FALSE
.Which of the following statements about Modeling instance behaviors is not true? | (None 4)(b?: In the case of a negative scenario, the sequence of interactions illustrates a possible way of satisfying an implicit obstacle to a goal; the scenario captures one inadmissible behavior. | It typically corresponds to the source agent instance applying an operation whose effect is monitored by the target agent instance. | Like any event, an interaction is an instantaneous object.)
.Uncheck | (b?: An interaction event is undirected and synchronous.)
.Uncheck | (b?: An agent controls an attribute of an object if it can get the values of this attribute from object instances.)
.Two concepts Function and non-function requirement are | Full separate (b?: The same concept, One is full includingd in remain, Other
.Two concepts User requirement and System requirement are | Other (b?: Full separate, The same concept, One is full including in remain
.Which of the following statements about Modeling instance behaviors are true? | (3)The scenario captures one admissible behavior of the interacting agent instances | The interacting instances may be instances of the same agent or of different ones |  In the case of a positive scenario, the sequence of interactions illustrates a possible way of satisfying an implicit behavioral goal _(b?: An interaction event is undirected and synchronous.)
.Which of the following statements is true? | A guard captures a necessary condition for transition firing | A global system behavior is obtained by parallel composition of classes behaviors_(b?: A guard captures the results of transition firing)
.Which of the following statements about UML sequence diagrams are true? | (3)Timelines are represented by thin rectangles; software and environment agents ate now graphically distinguished | The interaction is synchronously controlled by the source instance and monitored by the target instance | The basic UML syntax for sequence diagrams is fairly similar to the one used in event trace diagrams
.Which of the following statements about Actions of State machines are true? | (2)It is applied when the transition fires | Auxiliary means that the action has no meaningful effect on the dynamics captured by the state diagram or by others_(b?: An action is a primary operation associated with a state transition)
.State machines complement the fragmentary information provided by scenarios in multiple ways: | (3)They capture the behavior of any agent instance, not just a specific one. | The make state information explicit. | They are aimed at capturing all admissible sequences of state transitions, not just some specific ones
.List the appropriate ways to refine scenario? | Introduce Episodes | Agent decomposition
.Which of the following statements about State machines are NOT true? | (None 3)_(b?: The initial and final states of the instance correspond to the states where it appears in and disappears from the system,respectively. | They are sometime called statechart diagrams with reference to David Harel’s original state chart notation. | As in any SM diagram, a transition labeled by an event from a source state to a target state fires if an instance of the event occurs and the modeled instance is in the source state.)
.To support Structural consistency of the goal and object models, for every object in the object model, there must be at least one goal in goal model concerning it | TRUE
.To support Structural consistency of the goal and agent models, every goal under the responsibility of an agent in the agent model must appear as a leaf goal in the goal model | TRUE
.Which of the followings belong to Structural consistency of the goal and agent models? | (b?: For every object in the object model, there must be at least one goal model concerning it.) | Every goal under the responsibility of an agent in the agent model must appear as a leaf goal in the goal model. | Every agent in the agent model must be responsible for at least one leaf goal in the goal model. | Every requirement in the goal model must be under theresponsibility of one and only one software agent | One of the candidate agents in an OR-assignment to a leaf goal in the goal model must appear as the selected agent responsible for this goal in the agent model.
.What are the meta models that can be used for view integration? | The agent meta-model
.Uncheck | (3) (b?: Every state of a state machine in the behavior model must refer to a variable declared as an attribute or association in the object model)
.Uncheck | (b?: If an object is referred to by a goal under the responsibility of an agent, one or more attributes of it must be monitored or controlled by this agent)
.Uncheck | (b?: Every variable monitored or controlled by an agent in the agent model must appear as an attribute or object in the object model.)
.Which of the followings belong to Structural consistency of the object and behavior models? | (2)Every state of a state machine in the behavior model must refer to a variable declared as an attribute or association in the object model | Every event attribute or event specialization in the behavior model must appear as an attribute or a specialization of the corresponding object in the object model, respectively..(b?: Every variable monitored or controlled by an agent in the agent model must appear as an attribute or object in the object model.)
.Which of the followings belong to Structural consistency of the goal and operation models? | (2)Every operation in the operation model must operationalize at least one leaf goal from the goal model. | Every requirement in the goal model must be operationalized by at least one operation in the operation model._(b?: Every scenario in the behavior model must be covered by at least one goal in the goal model)
.Which of the followings belong to Structural consistency of the goal, agent and operation models? | (2)If an agent performs an operation, it must be responsible for all the goals operationalized by this operation. | If an agent is responsible for a goal, it must perform all operations operational zing that goal.(b?: If an object is referred to by a goal under the responsibility of an agent, one or more attributes of it must be monitored or controlled by this agent)
.Which of the followings belong to Structural consistency of the goal, agent and behavior models? | Every parallel state machine capturing the behavior of an agent in the behavior model must show a set of paths prescribed by goals from the goal model that are assigned to this agent in the agent model.
.Which of the followings belong to Structural consistency of the goal, object and agent models? | If an object is referred to by a goal under the responsibility of an agent, one or more attributes of it must be monitored or controlled by this agent.
.Which of the followings belong to Structural consistency of the object and agent models? | (3) (b?: Every state of a state machine in the behavior model must refer to a variable declared as an attribute or association in the object model) An attribute or object in the object model may be controlled by at most one agent. | Every variable monitored or controlled by an agent in the agent model must appear as an attribute or object in the object model. | Every agent in the agent model must control (or monitor) at least one attribute or object in the object model
.Domain requirement may include | Both above (X: Functional requirement, Non-Functional requirement
.System requirement may include | All about (X: Functional requirement, Non-Functional requirement, Domain requirement
.User requirement may include | All about (X: Functional requirement, Non-Functional requirement, Domain requirement
.Who should be involved in a requirements review? | Both of above (X: Client (user), Contractor (SR engineer)
.What is the key factor of Requirement Elicitation? | Stakeholder involve (b?: Intelligent , Enough documents, High budget
.How many notations have been introduced in Data-flow model? | 3
.What is not an activity of requirement engineering Processes? | Requirement implement
.Entity-relationship models have been widely used in database design. How many relation types between entities in this model? | 3
.In system models concept, have been introduced many difference model can be apply for SR study. These models may be used separately or together? | Together
.Many types of interface had been defined. Show us what are interface type have been introduced in the list below | All above (X: Procedural interfaces, Data structures, Representations of data)
.What is not a method to discovery requirement? | Ethnography
.Interviewing is one of technique introduced. This technique inside of what process: | Elicitation and Analysis
.Is this true? If said: “The requirements management process includes planning and change management”. | Yes
.Is this true? If said: “Ethnography is particularly effective at discovering of requirements”. | Yes
.How many types are introduced in term of classification of volatile requirements? | 4
.How many main processes are introduced in term of requirements engineering process? | 4
.How many main problems need to be checked during feasibility study? | 3
.Many problems can arise when requirements are written in natural language sentences. In list below, show us what not problem of natural language for this case is | To much technical special notations
.To feasibility study, we need to asked and get answers from many people on such this organization. In practices, how many questions need to be answered by them during feasibility study? | 6
.Many components of a CASE tool for structured method support introduced in text book. Show us in list bellow, what is not components had been introduced in text book. | No one comply
.Study object models for one system, each object has been named and showed the relation between them (by inheritance, aggregation,… ). What is forced rule had to follow in terms bellow | The object name have been different each other
.How many principal stages to a change management process had been introduced in text book | 3
.Is this true if said: Ethnography is one technique including in requirements elicitation and analysis process. | Yes
.Which is NOT a description in requirement definition? | The system’s stakeholders
.Which is the item that a requirement does NOT describe? | How to maintain the system
.What are stakeholders? | The organizations that will influence directly/indirectly on the system requirements
.In below requirement statements, which is the user requirement? | The software must provide a mean of representing and assessing external files created by other toolsThe software must provide a mean of representing and assessing external files created by other tools
.Who is NOT reader of system requirements? | Client managers
.Who is the reader of user requirements? | System end users
.Which is non-functional requirement? | Constraints on the services or functions offered by the system such as timing constraints, constraints on the development process, standards, etc
.Which is system requirement? | A structured document setting out detailed descriptions of the system’s functions, services and operational constraints
.Which is correct definition of requirements consistency? | There should be no contradictions in the descriptions of the system facilities
.In the requirement statements for a library management system below, which is NOT a non-functional requirement? | The system shall allow the users to search for an item by title, author, or ISBN
.In below statements, which is NOT a correct definition for requirement measures? | Ease of use means training time or number of help frames
.Given following activities in the requirement engineering process: | (1) Feasibility study - (3) Elicitation and analysis - (4) Requirement specification - (2) Requirement validation
.Which is the output of almost requirement engineering activities? | Requirements document
.Which is NOT an input of the requirement engineering process? | Requirement documents
.Which are outputs of the requirement engineering process? | Agreed requirements
.Among outputs of the requirement engineering process, which output visualizes the system from different perspective? | System models
.Which is the correct statement about the process models? | Fine-grain activity models show details of a specific process
.What is the role of requirement engineer? | Eliciting and specifying the system requirements
.Which is the soonest output of the requirement engineering process? | Business requirements specification
.Why is it necessary to have requirement feasibility study phase? | To decide whether or not the proposed system is worthwhile
.Which is NOT a factor for almost feasibility study to base on for its decision? | New technology in the world
.Which is NOT an input of the requirement elicitation phase? | Specification of similar system
.What is NOT a purpose of the requirement analysing? | Gather information about the proposed and existing systems and distilling the user and system requirements from this information
.Given that you are at the “Requirements classification and organization” step during the elicitation and analysis phase, what is next step? | Requirements prioritization and negotiationinformation
.The target of requirement realism checking is to answer which of following questions? | Can the requirements be implemented given available budget and technology?
.Which is NOT a technique of the requirement validation? | Requirements interview
.Which is not an activity during the requirements review? | Prepare the requirements documentation
.What don’t you have to prepare in requirement management planning? | Feasibility study
.Which is NOT an activity during requirement change management process? | Problem identifying: identify what change is needed for the requirements
.What is the purpose of the requirement source traceability? | Links between dependent requirements
.What are contents including on critical systems specification? | All above (X: Safety specification, Security specification, Software reliability specification)
.How many stage introduced on iterative process of risk analysis? | 4
.What item below is including on iterative process of risk analysis? | Risk decomposition
.They predicted that, by the 21st century, a large proportion of software would be developed using formal methods. This prediction has not come true. How many main reasons introduced in text book for this conclution? | 4
.Indicate in items below what is one of fundamental approaches to formal specification have been used to write detailed specifications for industrial software systems | All above (Inspection operation, Constructor operations, Algebraic approach )
.What is not a part of body of an object specification? | Syntax definition
.Software reliability specification including | All above (Hardware reliability, Software reliability, Operator reliability)
.For each risk, the outcome of the risk analysis and classification process is a statement of acceptability. How many way risk can be categories? | 3
.What are contents including on critical systems specification? | None above (b?: Data-flow, Composition, Stimulus-response)
.What is not strategy had been introduced in text book for risk reduction assessment? | Risk definition and separate them with system.
.Risk can be categorized too much way. What bellow is way applying for categorized the risk? | All above (Intolerable, As low as reasonably (ALARP), Acceptable)
.How many activities in process of developing a formal specification of a sub-system interface had been introduced in text book? | 6
.Operations on an abstract data type usually fall into how many classes? | 2
.Some examples of different types of failure are introduced. How many classes shown in Failure classification text book? | 6
.Which perspective don’t we base on to present system in different models? | Layering
.Structural perspective will show ….? | The system or data architecture
.Which model type will show how entities have common characteristics? | Classification model
.Data processing model will show ….? | How the data is processed at different stages
.What is NOT true with context model? | Context models show what lies inside the system boundaries
.The data flow model will show …? | The processes and the flow of information from one process to another
.What is NOT a type of behavioural model? | Data flow diagram
.What is NOT the purpose of data flow diagrams? | Show data structure of the system
.What is the purpose of state machine model? | Model the behaviour of the system in response to external and internal events
.Which is NOT an object model? | Structure models
.Which is not a stage in risk-based analysis? | Risk planning
.Which is output of the Risk analysis and classification stage? | Risk assessment
.What is NOT true with the safety specification? | It is applied to the system as individual sub-systems
.Which is a functional safety requirement? | Definitions of the safety functions of the protection system.
.What is NOT security requirement type | Non-functional reliability requirements.
.What is NOT a stage in the security specification? | Resource analysis
.What is the purpose of the “Threat assignment” stage during the security specification? | Assign a list of associated threats for each identified asset
.Please choose the correct explanation for the reliability metric “Probability of failure on demand” | The likelihood that the system will fail when a service request is made
.Which is NOT critical attribute(s)? | Usability
.Choose incorrect definition of the critical systems | Critical systems are system whose failure can threaten human life
.Which is NOT included in formal methods? | Program development
.Which is NOT true with the Use of formal methods? | Formal methods are applied mainly in critical systems engineering
.Please choose an incorrect statement related to the Use of FS (Formal Specification) | FS involves investing more effort in the validating stage of software development
.______, the system as it should be when the machine will be built and operated in it | System-to-be
.______, the system need to be developed when some change requirements required to be implemented in system-to-be | System-to-be
.______ is the requirement document item, which cannot be realistically implemented within assigned budget, schedule, or development platform | Unfeasibility
.______ addresses the assignment of responsibilities for achieving the objectives, services, and constrains among the components of the system-to-be | The WHO dimension
.Components pertaining to the machines surrounding world will form | Environment of software-to-be
.The machine’s software to be developed or modified is just one component of the system-to-be that refers to | Software-to-be
._________ statements state desirable properties about the system that may hold or not depending on how system behaves | Prescriptive
._________, the system as it exists before the machine is built in to it | System-as-is
.________ statements state properties about the system that hold regardless of how the system behaves. Such properties hold typically because of some natural law or physical constaint | Descriptive
.Which is not a stage of requirement engineering process? | Requirement Traceability
.________ refer to “the contextual reasons for a new version of a system must be made explicit in terms of objectives” to be satisfied by | The WHY dimension
.Overlapping statements refer to some common or inter-related _______ | Phenomena
.Product-related risks may result in delayed product delivery, cost overruns, deterioration of project team morale and so forth | False
.A risk is an uncertain factor whose occurrence may result in a loss of satisfaction of a corresponding objective. The risk is said to ______ on this objective | Negatively impact
.Weak conflict: There are statements that are not satisfiable together under some condition called _____ | Boundary condition
.Strong conflict: there are statements that their logical conjunction evaluates to _____ in all circurmstances | False
.The “cut-set” of the risk tree is the set of _________ | All minimal AND combinations of leaf events or conditions, each of ….
.Sometimes, requirements or assumptions might take risks. Therefore, we must identify new ______ as countermeasures to these risks | Requirements
.Goals are _____ statements of intent the system | Prescritive
.According to tautology-based refinement, not(A and B) amounts to | Not A or Not B
.Behavior of component instance is | The sequence of state transitions for the items it controls
.Which of the followings belong to the free mode of individual review and meeting? | The inspector receives no directive on what part of the requirement document to consider or what type of defect to look for
.We use Prototypes & mock-ups to | Check requirement adequacy from direct user feedback, by showing reduced sketch of software-to-be in action
.The nodes in Context diagrams represent ____ system components | Active
.List the statements that belong to Structural consistency of the goal and object models | b?: One of the candidate agents in an OR-assignment to a leaf goal in the....
.List the statements that belong to Structural consistency of the goal, agent and behavior models | Every parallel state machine capturing the behavior of an agent in the behavior model must show a set of paths prescribed by goals from the goal model that are assigned to this
.Goals AND-refinements should be_____ | Minimal, Consistent
.Which of the following statements are true? | Agent is an active system component that is responsible for goal satis faction, Goal satisfaction requires agent cooperation
.What is state of an instance of conceptual object? | Tuple of functional pairs xi | ->vi
.What are phases of risk management in requirement engineering? | Risk identification, Risk assessment, Risk control
.What of the following statements about goal model are true? | All of the others
.What are the phases of change control process? | Change initiation, change evaluation and prioritization, change consolidation
.What are not the advantages of Quantitative assessment? | not subjective estimation, Coarser-grained than qualitative assessment
Why do we need models for RE? | bo(Reduce documentations cost)
What are the activities producing the requirements on a software-intensive system? | bo(Risk management)
Which of the following techniques belongs to stakeholder-driven elicitation techniques? | Observation..,Group sessions..,Interviews..
Which of the following statements about weighting questions is true? | A weighting question provides a list of statements that need to be weighted by the respondent to express the perceived importance, preference or risk of the corresponding statement.
Which of the following statements about Software Prototypes are true? | 1 (3)/Its aim to get early feedback from stakeholders and prompt further elicitation
Which of the following statements about Software Prototypes are true? | 2 (3)/It is a quick implementation of some software aspects of the system-to-be
Which of the following statements about Software Prototypes are true? | 3/There are different kind of prototype depend on which aspects are being prototype
We need to acquire the contextual knowledge under which the system-to-be will be elaborated. This … | All of the others
Which of following are types of inconsistency in RE? | bo(Grammar class)
List types of RE risk? | bo(Architecture-related risks)
What are the phrases of managing conflicts process? | bo(Resolves conflicts)
What are the goals of risk assessment? | All of the others
What are the phrases of RE risk management? | bo(Risk avoidance)
Which of the following tactics belong to risk reduction tactics? | bo(Resolve risk)
According to IEEE standard template for organizing the RD, which of the followings belong to General Description? | bo(External interface requirements)
Which of the following belongs to Inter-view consistency rules? | (1/4) Every component & interconnection in a problem diagram must be further specified in an ET diagram.
Which of the following belongs to Inter-view consistency rules | 4/4) Every state in a State Machine diagram must correspond to some value for some attribute or relationship in an ER diagram.
Which of the following belongs to Inter-view consistency rules | 2/4) Every data in a flow or repository of a DFD diagram must be declared as entity, attribute, or relationship in an ER diagram.
Which of the following belongs to Inter-view consistency rules | 3/4) Every shared phenomenon in a problem diagram must appear as event in an ET diagram or as entity, attribute, or relationship in an ER diagram.
The structure of RD should make it easy to | bo(Understand the software structure)
Which of the following statements belong to Requirements Validation by Specification Animation? | All of the others
Which of the following belong to phase of requirement inspection process? | bo(Requirement documentation)
Which of the following are techniques used for Requirements Quality Assurance? | bo(Interviews)
he cost - benefit analysis should control output parameters from those input parameters, according to the weight assigned to traceability management. These output parameters include | (All 3) The people who will be responsible for traceability management, The technique and tools that will be used to reduce the cost of traceability management, The scope, granularity, accuracy, semantic richness and acceptable overhead of traceability management
What are the phases of change control process? | bo(Change anticipation)
Which of the followings belong to the techniques for traceability management? | Cross..,Feature..,Traceability matrices
Which of the following is not a phase of traceability management? | None of the others
Which of the following is a phase of traceability management? | Define.., Establish.., Exploit.., Maintain..
What are goal categories? | Functional,Non- functional
What are types of Agents? | bo(The domain)
Which of the following statements about system agent are true? | bo(We should focus on its role thather than the individual)
Which of the following statements about behavioral goals are true? | bo(Cannot be satisfied in a clear-cut sense (yes or no))
Which of the following statements belong to soft goals are true? | bo(Can be satisfied in clear-cut sense)
Which of the following statements about goal model are true? | Refinement.., Goals..
Which of the following statements about refinements are true? | Getting.., Domain..
Which of the following statement about Goal Model are true? | bo(It is used to model systems conceptual objects )
Which of the following statements do not belong to heuristic rules of building goal models? | Merge.., Analyze the current objectives and problems in the system-to-be
Which of the following belong to heuristic rules of building goal models? | bo(Analyze the current objectives and problems in the system-to-be)
AND-refinement of obstacle O should be | bo(Disjoint)
Which of the following are good class diagrams? | Initating-Scheduling, On-Guard
What are types of conceptual object? | bo(Operation)
What are benefits of generalization-based structuring? | All of the others
Which of the following statements about object models are true? | bo(Operation view of the system being modeled (as-is or to-be))
Which of the following statement about Object instantiation are true? | bo(An object may be member of multiple instances)
In active mode of storyboard, stakeholders contribute to the story. The storyboard is used for joint exploration. | True
Artifact-driven techniques rely more on specific types of interaction with stakeholders | False
What is the goal of Prototypes & mock-ups? | Check requirement adequacy from direct
We need to acquire the contextual knowledge under which the system-to-be will be elaborated. This knowledge generally covers the following: | All of the others
Which of the following techniques belong to Stakeholder-driven elicitation techniques? | Group ses,Interviews,Observation
According to performance requirements classes in a reusable catalogue, which of the following belong to Space? | second, main
Which of the following statements about weighting questions is true? | A weighting question provides a list of statements that need
According to performance requirements classes in a reusable catalogue, which of the following belong to Time? | Response, throughput
All of the following actions belong to Domain understanding and Requirement elicitation except | Understand the system-to-be and its
What is the first phase of RE process? | domain
The prototype process is iterative | true
What is the goal of card sorts & repertory grids? | Arquire further info about
What of the following statements about Software Prototypes are true? | It is a quick, Its aim, There are different
Poor risk management is a major cause of software failure | true
A risk an uncertain factor whose occurrence may result in loss of satisfaction of a corresponding objective | true
Inconsistencies are highly rare in RE | false
Which of the following are types of inconsistency in RE? | Strong,Terminology,Structure,Designation
What are the phares of RE risk management? | identify,control,assessment
List types of RE risk? | Product, process related risks
What are the goals of risk assessment? | all
Which is last stage of Managing conflict process? | evaluate resolution, select preferred
What are last phase of RE risk management? | control
Which of the followings belong to Designation clash? | same name for different concepts in different statements
Which of the followings belong to Terminology clash? | same concept named differ
A context diagram is a simple graph where nodes represent system components and edges represent connections through shared phenomena declared by the labels | true
Free documentation in unrestricted natural language has no limitation in term of expressive and communicability | true
Which of the following statements belong to sequence diagram? | it complements such a view though interaction scenarios
What does SADT stands for? | structured analysis and design technique
According to IEEE standard template for organizing the RD, which of followings belong to specific requirements? | performance,external,function,design
The structure of RD should make it easy to | understand it, trace, follow,retrieve
Which of following statements belong to class diagram? | it provide a structural, entity-relationship view of the system
According to IEEE standard template for organizing the RD, which of followings belong to general description? | product perpective,function,user characteristic
Which of following statements belong to use case diagram? | it is used for outlining an operational view
Which of following statements belong to Inter-view consistency rules? | all
Language-based checklist specialize the defect-based ones to the specific construct of the structured, semi-formal or formal specification language used in the requirements | true
Formal verification should not be used to reveal ambiguous and ummeasurable RD items during specification formalization | false
Goal satisfaction requires agent cooperation? | True
The finer-grained a goal, the fewer agents required for its satisfaction | True
Which of the following statements about the distinction between goals & domain properties is not true? | Only domain properties
Which of the following statements about system agent are true? | it must, we must
Which of the following statements about behavioral goals are true? | Prescribe, usered for
Which of the following statements belong to Higher-level goals? | Effective, 50% increase
What is a system agent? | it is an active
What are goal categories? | non-function, function
Which of the following statements belong to behavioral goals? | can be, usered for building, prescribe
What are types of Agents? | human,software,device
Obstacle is the condition on system for violation of corresponding assertion | True
Risk is the uncertain factor whose occurrence may result in loss of satisfaction of corresponding objective | True
What does Agent substitution mean? | Consider alternative responsibilities
What is the last phase of Risk Management in RE? | control
What does Goal restoration mean? | Enforce target
According to tautology-based refinement, not (A iff B) amounts to | (A and not B) or (not A and B)
What does Obstacle prevention mean? | Introduce new goal avoid
What does Goal weakening mean? | Weaken the obstructed goal
Which is a weak mitigation? | weaker version of goal
AND-refinement of obstacle O should be | Complete,Consistent,Minimal
An instance may migrate from one object to another | True
Invariant seeming to constrain one object only | False
What are benefits of generalization-based structuring? | all
What is an Attribute Multiplicity? | Min/max number of v
What are types of conceptual object? | eve,oper,agen,enti,asso
What is a state of an instance of conceptual object? | xi | --> vi ( xi : object attribute, association; vi : corresponding value f
Goal refinement followed by operationalization is preferable to operation refinement, as it preserves goal traceability and supports simpler satisfaction arguments | True
The operation model can be used to be the basic for driving black box testing | True
Which of the following statements about use cases are true? | leaf, agent
Which of the following statements about basic features of operations are true? | all
Which of the following statements about UML use case diagrams is true? | a use case should, generation
Which of the following statements about operations are true? | operation app op
Which of the following heuristics can be used to identify operations from interaction scenarios? | all
Which of the following statements belong to Extra consistency rules between operation and agent models? | all
Which of the following statements is true? | A leaf goal is generally operationalized
Which of the following statements about domain conditions are true? | post-condition - output, pre-condition - input
Goals are declarative | true
Scenarios do not support an informal, narrative and concrete style of expression | false
Which of the following statements about Modeling instance behaviors is not true? | none
Which of the following statements about Modeling instance behaviors are true? | the interact, in the use, the scenario
Which of the following statements about UML sequence diagrams are true? | all
Which of the following statements about State machines are NOT true? | none
Which of the following statements about Guarded transitions is true? | all
Which of the following belong to the steps in from scenarios to state machines? | gen,chec,deco
Which of the following statements about Actions of State machines are true? | auxiliary, it is applied
List the appropriate ways to refine scenario? | Introduce Episodes,Agent decomposition
Goals are key abstraction for driving the RE process? | true (x)
What are types of goals? | Answer: 	Behavioral,Soft goals
What are goal categories? | Functional,Non- functional goals
What is the goal? | all
What is a system agent? | It is an active system component that is responsible for goal satisfaction (x)
Goal satisfaction requires agent cooperation? | Answer: 	True
What are types of Agents? | Answer: 	Software,Devide,Human
The finer-grained a goal, the fewer agents required for its satisfaction | Answer: 	true
Which of the following statements belong to Lower-level goals? | acceleration, reminder
Which of the following statements about behaviral goals are true? | prescribe,user for building
Why do we need models for RE? | provi stru4RE,Facilita,support sta
A goal model shows contribution links and leafgoal assignments | Answer: 	True
A goal model includes: | and-or
Getting complete refinements of behavioral goals is essential for requirements completeness | true
Which of the following statements about refinements are true? | all
AND-refinements should also be consistent and maximal | false
What “does AND-refinements should be consistent” mean? | Answer: 	may not contradict each other (x)
which of the following statement about Object instantiation are true? | An instance may migrate, A set of object, Every conceptual
Which of the following statements about use case are true? | A use case should...left goals, A use case outlines...agent
Which of the followings belong to Structural consistency of the goal and agent models? | One of the candidate, Every requirement in the goal, Every goal under, Every agent in the agent
Which of the following statements about State machines are true? | The initial and final states, They are sometime called state
Which of the following figures about requirement engineering process is true? | Alternative, Agreed, Documented, Consolidated
What are the phases of change control process? | Chang evaluation and prioritization, Change initiation
Which of the following statements about system agent are true? | it must be able to monitor/control phenomena involved in assigned goals
Which of the following statements are true? | Agent's instances, Responsibility assignments, Abstract agents
Which of the following figures about Reusing an abstract domain to drive elicitation is true? | Resource-Book
According to IEEE standard template for organizing the RD, which of the followings belong to Specific Requirements? | Design, External, Performance, Functional
What make knowledge acquisition from stakeholders difficult? | difficult access, distributed sources, different background
Which of the following belong to Assumption statement? | statements to be satisfied by the environment of the software-to-be
List the appropriate ways to refine scenario | introduce episodes, agent decomposition
Which of the following statatements about riskk management are true? | Risk management, risk identification
Which of the following sataements about wrighting question is true? | A weighting question provide a list of statements
Which of the following actions belong to Domain understanding and Requirement elicitation? | understand, identify, discover
Which of the following statements are true? | Language-based checklist, The main purpose
which of the following figures about Conflict Management process is true? | Identify overlapping ...
Which of the following belong to Structural consistency of the goal and object models? | every goal, for every, every conceptual
Which of the following statement about Goal Model are true? | getting complete, we can capture, it is used to
Which of the following statements are true? | Evolution phase triggers
Which of the following statement are true? | goal satisfaction, the finer-grainted, agent is an active system
RE is only concerned with machine phenomena? | false
Which of the following diagrams can be used to represent Agent Model? | context, agent, dependency
Which of the following belong to phase of requirements inspection process? | Defect, requirement, individual, inspection
Which of the followings do not belong to Goal Restoration? | Consider alternative
What are the advantages of Quantitative assessment? | Finer-grained
Which of the following statements about basic features of operations are true? | any sytem, it must have
Which of the following statements are true? | the view that, if one sub, getting complete
What is a risk? | uncertain factor whose occurrence may result in loss of satisfaction of corresponding objective
Risk Management process | iden,assess,control
Risk analysis can not be anchored on goal models | false
Which of the following statements belong to Week mitigation countermeasure? | new goal ensures weaker version of goal when obstructed (x)
Which of the following statements about refinements are true? | Getting.., Domain
Which of the following statements about the diagram below are true? (Train [is On] 	----On---- [Holdtrain]Block) | (2)At any given time, a block may hold at most one | At any given time, a train is on at least one and at most two blocks,(B?: At any given time, a block is on at least one and at most two trains | At any given time, a train may hold at most one block)
What is a state of an instance of conceptual object? | ..xi | --> vi ( xi : object attribute, association; vi : corresponding value for that instance)
Which are true statements about agent capabilities? | bo(An agent controls an attribute of an object if it can get the values of this attribute from object instances.)
Which of the following diagrams can be used to represent Agent Model? | bo(Sequence diagram | Class diagram)
Which of the followings about Context diagrams are true? | bo(They capture system components and their dynamic interactions through shared phenomena.)
Which of the following statements about Agent model are true? | bo(It shows dependencies among objects)
Which of the following heuristics can be used to identify operations from interaction scenarios? | All of the others
Which of the following statements about domain conditions are true? | ..post..output,..pre..input
Which of the following statements about UML use case diagrams is true? | bo(A use case outlines the operations an agent has to perform interactions with the agents generating operation inputs
Which are true statements about Agent non-determinism? | eager..soon as,lazy..only
Which of the following statements about use cases are true? | ..outlines..agent,..should..leaf
Which of the following statements belong to Extra consistency rules between operation and agent models? | All of the others
Which of the following statements about Modeling instance behaviors is not true? | None of the others
Which of the following statements about Modeling instance behaviors are true? | bo(An interaction event is undirected and synchronous.)
Which of the following statements is true? | bo(A guard captures the results of transition firing)
Which of the following statements about UML sequence diagrams are true? | All of the other
Which of the following statements about Actions of State machines are true? | bo(An action is a primary operation associated with a state transition)
State machines complement the fragmentary information provided by scenarios in multiple ways: | All of the others
Which of the following statements about State machines are NOT true? | None of the others
Which of the followings belong to Structural consistency of the goal and agent models? | bo(For every object in the object model, there must be at least one goal model concerning it.) | Every goal under the responsibility of an agent in the agent model must appear as a leaf goal in the goal model. | Every agent in the agent model must be responsible for at least one leaf goal in the goal model. | Every requirement in the goal model must be under theresponsibility of one and only one software agent | One of the candidate agents in an OR-assignment to a leaf goal in the goal model must appear as the selected agent responsible for this goal in the agent model.
Which of the following belong to Structual consistency of the object and agent models? | bo(Every state of a state machine in the behavior model must refer to a variable declared as an attribute or association in the object model)
Which of the following belong to Structural consistency of the goal, agent and operation models? | bo(If an object is referred to by a goal under the responsibility of an agent, one or more attributes of it must be monitored or controlled by this agent)
Which of the followings belong to Structural consistency of the object and behavior models? | bo(Every variable monitored or controlled by an agent in the agent model must appear as an attribute or object in the object model.)
Which of the followings belong to Structural consistency of the goal and operation models? | bo(Every scenario in the behavior model must be covered by at least one goal in the goal model)
Which of the followings belong to Structural consistency of the goal, agent and operation models? | bo(If an object is referred to by a goal under the responsibility of an agent, one or more attributes of it must be monitored or controlled by this agent)
Which of the followings belong to Structural consistency of the object and agent models? | bo(Every state of a state machine in the behavior model must refer to a variable declared as an attribute or association in the object model) An attribute or object in the object model may be controlled by at most one agent. | Every variable monitored or controlled by an agent in the agent model must appear as an attribute or object in the object model. | Every agent in the agent model must control (or monitor) at least one attribute or object in the object model
To feasibility study, we need to asked and get Answers from many people on such this organization. In practices, how many questions need to be Answered by them during feasibility study? | 6
The target of requirement realism checking is to Answer which of following questions? | Can the requirements be implemented given available budget and technology?
the system as it should be when the machine will be built and operated in it | System-to-be
the system need to be developed when some change requirements required to be implemented in system-to-be | System-to-be
is the requirement document item, which cannot be realistically implemented within assigned budget, schedule, or development platform | Unfeasibility
addresses the assignment of responsibilities for achieving the objectives, services, and constrains among the components of the system-to-be | The WHO dimension
the system as it exists before the machine is built in to it | System-as-is
statements state properties about the system that hold regardless of how the system behaves. Such properties hold typically because of some natural law or physical constaint | Descriptive
refer to “the contextual reasons for a new version of a system must be made explicit in terms of objectives” to be satisfied by | The WHY dimension
Which of the following statements about risk management are true ? | Bo (We have to )
Which of the following actions belong to Domain understanding and Requirement elicitation ? | Bo ( Explore alternatives)
Which of the following figures about Confict Management process is true ? | Figures 4
RE is only concerned with machine phenomena | False
What are the advantages of Quantitative assessment ? | Finer-grained that
Which of the followings do not belong to Goal Restoration? | Consider alternative refinement of parent
the system as it should be when the machine will be built and operated in it | Answer: System-to-be
the system need to be developed when some change requirements required to be implemented in system-to-be | Software-to-be
The following statement is an example of ______ statement:The same book copy cannot be borrowed by two different people at the same time | Descriptive
Which is not a artifact-driven elicitation technique? | Group sessions
shows static and dynamic aspects of user-software interaction | A user interface prototypes
can be helpful for eliciting non-functional requirements related to usability performance, and costs | Data collection
techniques reply more on specific types of artifact to support the elicitation process | Artifact-driven
Which is not a artifact-driven elicitation technique? | Unstructured group sessions
shows aspects related to software functionalities | A functional prototype
Risk assessment need to be do in order to ______ the risks and determine an appropriate countermeasure for likely risks that have severe consequences | Prioritize
Risk management is an iterative process that composes of 3 steps: | 1,2,3 (Risk identification-Risk assessment-Risk control)
How many kinds of node does risk tree have? | 2(failure nodes and logical nodes)
Conflict management process comprises: | 1,4,3,2 (The identification - The detection - The generation - The selection)
In figure 4.11, the “planning” … | scheduleDetermination/[No conflicts]
State machine diagram is made by two core constructs: | States, transitions
The data-activity duality principle requires actigram items to have some _____ in a datagram, and vice versa | Counterparts
Figure 4.10 shows an Event Trace Diagram … | Controlled/monitored
Actigrams (Datagrams) declare activities (data) by their input/output data(producing/consuming activities) and interconnect them through data (_____) dependency links | Control
In state machine diagram, the event occurrence is a ______ condition for transition firing, whereas a guard is a ______ condition for firing | Sufficient/necessary
In figure 4.9, “DetermineSchedule - <<include>> - ResolvesConflict” mean: | ResolveConflicts is a ‘sub-operation’ of DetermineSchedule
ER diagram is made from three core constructs: entities, _____ and relationships | Attributes
In figure 4.15, the ER diagram is a confusing requirement | True
Requirements Inspection process uses _____ guidelines to make it more effective in finding defects | WHAT-WHO-WHEN-WHERE
Queries on a requirements database technique for | None of the others
For a binary decision table with N entry conditions, there must be ____ columns for the table to list all possible combinations of conditions exhaustively | 2^N
Which one of the following modes of individual reviewing rely on lists of specific issues to address while searching for defects? | Checklist-based mode
form an effective technique for quality assurance, it is widest in scope and applicability | “Requirements inspection and reviews”
Because the requirements errors are the most expensive, numerous and persistent software … | False
The phase “Individual reviewing”, inspectors reads the Requirement Document for defect. .. | Free mode, process-based mode, checklist-based mode
Which one of the following activities should not be done in the phase “Defect evaluation at review meetings” of “Requirements inspection and review process”: | The defects found by each inspector are collected and discussed by the meeting paricipants
In requirements validation by specification animation, the ____ is an execution …. | Simulation
Domain-specific checklists specialize the defect-based ones to the specific constructs …. | False
Which one of the following activities should be done in “Change evaluation & prioritization … | The review board is responsible to assess the merits, feasibility and cost …
Traceability management refers to the process of establishing, recording, exploiting …. | Links/ Graph
Traceability management process composes of 4 phases: | Define – Establish –Exploit – Maintain
To document assumption and requirement changes, we may assign qualitative levels … | Stability/ Commonality
requires us to identify likely changes, assess their likelihood and document … | Change anticipation
In “traceability management process”, which one of following phases is concerned with four issues … | Establish traceability links
Traceability relies on the existence of ______ between items that we can follow backwards, … | None of the others
In a Change Control process, the necessity, feasibility, benefits, impact and cost … | Review board
Dependency is the most general type of traceability link that can be specialized into ___ … | Use/ Derivation
In the goal model, the finer-grained a goal is, the ____ are required to satify it | Fewer agents
Which one of the following statements is a “soft goal”? | The meeting scheduler software should be easy to use
Unlike domain properties and _____ goals may be refined, … | Hypotheses
An expectation is a goal assigned to single agent of the ___ | environment
4Goals are generally found by top-down ____ | Refinement/ abstraction
Goals provide a precise ____ | Role
Goals provide a basic abstraction for addressing the _____ | WHY
A goal refinement graph shows the refinement and contribution links … | Requirements
Behavioural goals are used for building | Operational
We can build refinement and abstraction paths in a goal diagram by recursively asking ____ | HOW/ WHY
An AND-refinement of a goal G into sub-goals G1,G2, … Gn should be | Complete, consistent, minimal
Which one of the following statements about the leaf nodes in goals | They can not be domain properties or hypotheses
A goal model makes it possible to capture ____ alternative options | Two kinds of (alternative goal refinements, Alternative responsibility assignments
An AND-refinement states that the parent goal can be satisfied by satisfying ____ | All
To start building a goal model, we may obtain _____ goal. Once these goals … | Preliminary
The goals G1, G2, …, Gn are divergent in a domain Dom if we can find a feasible … | {G1, G2, …, Gn, B, Dom} |  = false
Figure 9 shows the _____ | Divine-and-conquer refinement pattern
An obstacle is a pre-condition for ____ of some goal, hypothesis or questionable …goal | Non-satisfaction
Obstacle analysis is a ____ of risk analysis aimed at identifying, assessing and resolving …mod | Goal-based form
(A)/ (B) should be | Reverse ThrustEnabled And Not Wheels Turning/ Wheels Turning And Not Reverse
An AND-refinement of obstacle O into sub-obstacles O1, O2, …wrong | All of arguments are true
In obstacle diagram, leaf obstacles are connected to countermeasure goals through ____ | Resolution links
Not (if A then B) amounts to | A and not B
Goals and obstacles are dual notions. Therefore, we can derive obstacle categories from ___ | Goal categories
Like in any risk management process, obstacle analysis is an iteration of ____ cycles | Identify – Assess – Control
Which one is the “domain completeness” condition for OR-refinement of obstacle O into … | {Oi, Dom} | = O
The association is also called under synonymous term ____ | Linked object
An object model provides a ______ of the system-as-is and system-to-be | Structural view
A specialization link may be introduced in a model between an object SubOb .. | SubOb/ SuperOb
In specialization, the object SubOb plays the role ____ whereas …. | Specializes / Generalizes
An entity is ______ | None of the others
The multiplicity on one side of an association specifies the minimum number of object … | This side
An attribute is | An intrinsic feature of an object regardless of other object in the model
A/an ______ is a discrete set of instances of domain-specific concept … | Conceptual object
The features shared by object instances include | Object’s definition, type, individual attribute, associations, domain invariants
In figure 11.4, what is the name of the annotation attached … | Performance instance declaration
What is an agent-goal co-refinement process? | A process in which an agent and its assigned goals are refined in parallel …
A goal under the responsibility of an agent must be realizable by the agent in view of its____ | Capabilities
Which of the following statements about agent capabilities is wrong? | An agent controls an association if its instances can create and delete …
In the agent model, an agent ag1 is said to depend on another agent ag2 … | Ag2/ ag1
An agent is an _____ system component play a role in goal satisfaction | Active
An agent model captures the ____ -dimension … | WHO
Which one of the following statements is the definition of “capability instance declaration”(CID) | If annotating a monitoring or control link …
Agent capabilities are defined in terms of the system variables that the agent can ____ and ___ | Monitor / control
An operationalization diagram is an annotated graph showing the system operation, … | Operationalization links
The operation is not applied if a trigger condition becomes true … | True
Which one of the following statements about required condition is true? | None of the others
A particular application of the operation yields a state ____ | Transition
Which one of the following statements is false? | Multiple agents perform an operation
A use case diagram provides an outline view of an operation model | Interaction links
The specification of an operation therefore includes a set of prescriptive | None of the others
In ____ scheme, the agent instance applies the operation when | A lazy behavior
A/An ____ designates an object instance to which the operation applies | Input variable
Domain pre- and post-conditions are prescriptive | True
In scenario diagram, an interaction is a/an____ | Answer: Instantaneous object
The initial states of the instance correspond to the states where it disappears from the system | False
The stepwise refinement of a state diagram, we decompose a state into sequential of parallel sub-states | True
External events: the agent associated with the State Machine does not controls | True
Which part of figure 13.4 is called “episode”: | A
In positive scenario, the sequence of interaction illustrates a possible way of satisfying an obstacle to a goal | True
Scenario is a temporal sequence of interaction events among agent | True
In figure 13.6, the poor of object instances [ PatrID, self] is called | The attributes of event checkOut
Which one of the following statements about required condition is true? In state machine diagram, a guard condition capture a ______condition for the state transition | Necessary-Sufficient
In figure 14.7, which one of the following word is the name of (C): | BehaviorModel
To facilitate model configuration and evolution, we should specify ______among package | DependencyLinks
In figure 14.4, which one of the following word is the name of A: | Association
System model is made op of five views. Which one of the following view captured by goal model | None
Two meta-attributes are mandatory for any meta-concept whatever view it refer to: | “Name” and “Def”
A meta-model is a conceptual model for the meta-level, the highest level, thus consisting of concepts, attributes, relationship and constraints defined in all level (meta-, domain- and instance level) | True
Which one of the following object is the root meta-concept: | SystemModel
In figure 14.6, which one of the following word is the name of | Operationalization
Which one of the following statements about package is false? | The names of elements defined in apackage are local to the package but are not visible to its descendants
Functional requirements: prescribe what _____ the software-to-be should provide. | Services
State machine diagram is made by two core constructs: | States, Transitions
Which one of the following statements is a “soft goal”? | The meeting scheduler software should be easy to use by administrative staff.
Which one of the following statements is the definition of entity? | None of the others
Sometimes, requirements or assumptions might take risk. Therefore we must identify new ____ as countermeasures to these risks. | Requirements
In an operation model, an operation is annotated by individual features such as its ____ and its domain pre- and post- conditions | Signature
The data-activity duality principle requires actigram item to have some ____ in a datagram, and vice versa. | Counterparts
A goal under responsibility of an agent must be realizable by the agent in view of its ____. | Capabilities.
An expectation is a goal assigned to a single agent of the | Environment
A/an ___ is a discrete set of instances of a domain-specific concept that are manipulated by the modeled system. | Conceptual object
ER diagram is made from three core constructs: entities, ___ and relationships | Attributes.
System-as-is: system as it should be when the machine will be built and operated in it. | False.
The name of elements defined in a package are | Local to the package and its descendants
Which of the following statements about risk is false? | Risk may have a positive impact on corresponding objectives
Which of the following statements about risk is false ? | Risk may have a positive impact on corresponding objectives.
Which of the following statements about agent capabilities is wrong ? | An agent monitors an attributer of an object if its instances can get the value of this attribute from object instances.
In stakeholder-driven elicitation techniques, how many kinds of interview are traditionally distinguished: | Two
which method of transport would you use to send goods by haulage? | lorry
Which statement is true? | counterfeiting takes advantage of other companie's research, advertising etc
please remind me that I should not spend more money ______ we have decided spend. | which
what is the purpose of a lobby? | to change pubkic and govement opinion
I think we will be able to get there _____ six o'clock. | nearly
A picture or symbol associated with a certain brand is called.. | a trademark
what is a margin? | the difference between the buying and selling price
CDs and Videos are pericularly ______ to piracy. | vulnerable
LEave the office right away, ______ you will miss the train beacause of the traffic | or
I'm looking forward to _______ from yoy soon. | hearing
Match the task with one of the five phases. troublesshooting | Manufacturing
What is gross profit? | what the company earms before deducting all cots
Choose the best option to replace the word in italic. Email is seen as less intrusive than other forms of communication. | personal
What is e-commerce | selling using internet technology
She told me that ______________ as well as an actress needs a lot of time and money. | Being a musician
What are routine tasks? | ordinary work
What do auditors do? | they check a company's financial documentation.
When sending additional documents with an e-mail, which phrase is correct? | Please find attached.
Which sentence is true? | Innovations can be risky.
Which of the following is a definition of exclusivity? | holding a special position in the market
Drivers welcomed the ______ gas prices. | falling
What is infoglut? | food of finfomation
What is distribution? | getting goods from the factory to the shop
What is supply and demand? | the goods available for sale and the buyers for them
What is another word for income? | revenue
We're piloting the system'. which sentence has the same meaning? | We're trying out the system.
Trading means ... | buying and selling.
Which of the following does not mean recruiting new personnel? | dismissing
When you buy in bulk you can obtain _______ or rebates. | discounts
Could you please ... as soon as possible? | call me back
Match the word to from word partnership. | versions
Match the word with one of the following nouns. e-commerce | forum
The car, which is ______ by Jonh, is a Ford. | owned
Choose some for a position | assess
We realize that we ______ just send com;uters to countries where there are no technology teachers. | should'nt
Refusing to buy goods or services from a particular company or country is called... | a boycott
What is a prototype? | a design for a new type of product
Which part of a Curicilum Vitar (C.V.) gives infomation about your past work record? | Experience
What are subsidies | sums of government money used to support individual producers countries
His purpose might be either to get a raise or _______________ promotion. | request
The applicants ______ are successful will hear within two weeks. | that
Which in the odd one in each set? | access
Requirement engineering is the first phase in software lifecycle? TRUE | Software quality assurance is a key concern for Requirement quality assurance FALSE
 | TRUE
 | Provides structure for RE activities,Support for understanding, explanation to stakeholder ,Basis for making decisions ,Focus on key aspects (abstraction from multiple details)
 | Prescriptive statement referring to environment phenomena (not necessarily shared)
 | Set of activities producing the requirements on a software-intensive system
 | Statements to be satisfied by the environment of the software-to-be
 | The context in which the problem arises, What problem needs to be solved in the real world
 | Assign responsibilities for the objective, services, and constraints among system-to-be components
 | Identify & define the system-to-be’s functional services
 | Identify, analyze, refine the system-to-be’s objectives
 | WHO,WHY,WHAT dimension
 | Elicitation, Specification, Evaluation, Evolution management
 | FALSE
 | Understand the system-to-be and its context
 | Observation and ethnographic studies, Group sessions, Interviews
 | Response time, Throughput
 | Main memory, Secondary storage
 | A weighting question provides a list of statements that need to be weighted by the respondent to express the perceived importance, preference or risk of the corresponding statement.
 | Domain understanding and elicitation
 | Check requirement adequacy from direct user feedback, by showing reduced sketch of software-to-be in action
 | 1 (3)/Its aim to get early feedback from stakeholders and prompt further elicitation
 | 2 (3)/It is a quick implementation of some software aspects of the system-to-be
 | 3/There are different kind of prototype depend on which aspects are being prototype
 | Acquire further into about concepts already elicited
 | Knowledge about the system-as-is, Knowledge about the organization,Knowledge about the domain
 | Terminology clash, Structure clash, Designation clash (B? Grammar class)
 | Product-related risks, Process-related risks (B? Architecture-related risks)
 | Identify overlapping statements, Detect conflicts among them, document these, Generate conflict resolutions, Evaluate resolutions, select preferred (B? Resolves conflicts)
 | Assess likehood of risks (s? lu?ng), Assess severity of risks (m?c d?), Assess likehood of risk consequences (h?u qu?)
 | Evaluate resolution, select preferred (d?nh giá gi?i pháp, ch?n cách thích h?p)
 | Risk identification (1xác d?nh), Risk assessment (2dánh giá), Risk control (3di?u khi?n)
 | Risk control
 | Avoid risk, Reduce consequence like hood, Reduce risk like hood, Mitigate risk consequence, (B?:Resolve risk)
 | Same name for different concepts in different statements | e.g. “user” for “library user” vs. “library software user”
 | Same concept structured differently in different statements | e.g. “latest return date” as time point (e.g. Fri 5pm) vs. time interval (e.g. Friday)
 | Same concept named differently in different statements | e.g. library management: “borrower” vs. “patron”
 | Requirement specification and documentation
 | It complements such a view throughinteractionscenarios
 | It provide a structural, entity-relationship view of the system
 | It is used for outlining an operational view
 | Structured Analysis and Design Technique
 | Product perspective, Product functions, User characteristics, General constraints, Assumptions & Dependencies, Apportioning of requirements (B?: External interface requirements)
 | Answer: (1/4) Every component & interconnection in a problem diagram must be further specified in an ET diagram.
 | Answer: 4/4) Every state in a State Machine diagram must correspond to some value for some attribute or relationship in an ER diagram.
 | Answer: A causal component, A lexical component, A biddable component, (B?: A Resultant component )
 | Answer: Functional requirements, External interface reqs, Performance reqs, Design constraints, Software quality attributes, Other requirements, (B?: User characteristics)
 | Answer: 2/4) Every data in a flow or repository of a DFD diagram must be declared as entity, attribute, or relationship in an ER diagram.
 | Answer: 3/4) Every shared phenomenon in a problem diagram must appear as event in an ET diagram or as entity, attribute, or relationship in an ER diagram.
 | Answer: Trade items back to their rationale, Understand it, Following dependency links, Retrieve and analyze its items, (B?: Understand the software structure)
 | Answer: FALSE
 | Inspection planning
 | RD consolidation
 | The inspector receives no directive on what part of the RD to consider specially or what type of defect to look for
 | (All) Its main purpose is to check the adequacy of requirements and assumptions, Its purpose to see whether the system-to-be as specified meets the actual expectations of stakeholder
 | The inspector is given a list of questions and issues to guide the defect search process
 | There are lists of questions structured according to the various types of defects that we can find a requirements document
 | Such checklists specialize generic and quality-specific checklists to the specific concepts and standard operations found in the domain
 | Interviews
 | Individual reviewing, RD consolidation, Inspection planning, Defect evaluation at review meetings, (B?: Requirement documentation)
 | Queries on a requirement database, Formal Verification, Inspections and Reviews, Animation-base validation,(B?: Interviews)
 | Variants result from changes made to adapt, restrict or extend a master version to multiple classes of users or usage conditions
 | A revision results from changes generally made to correct or improve the current version of a single product.
 | Changeinitiation
 | Change consolidation
 | (All 3) The people who will be responsible for traceability management, The technique and tools that will be used to reduce the cost of traceability management, The scope, granularity, accuracy, semantic richness and acceptable overhead of traceability management
 | Change initiation, Change consolidation, Change evaluation and prioritization, (B?: Change anticipation)
 | Cross referencing,Feature diagrams,Traceability matrices,(B?: Traceability management,Traceability model databases,Specification-based traceability management,Traceability link generators,Consistency checkers)
 | (None) (B?: Maintain traceability links,Define traceability policy,Establish traceability links,Exploit traceability links)
 | Define traceability policy, Establish traceability links, Exploit traceability links, Maintain traceability links
 | Variant
 | Revision
 | The necessity, feasibility, benefits, impact and cost of the requested changes are evaluated by development team.
 | (2 types) Behavioral goals, Soft goals, (B?: Functional goals,Non- functional goals)
 | Functional goals, Non- functional goals
 | It is an active system component that is responsible for goal satisfaction
 | (3 types) Software,Device,Human, (B?: The domain)
 | (2)We must restrict its behavior to meet its assigned goals, It must be able to monitor/control phenomena involved in assigned goals,(B?: We should focus on its role thather than the individual)
 | Effective access to state of the art, 50% increase of transportation capacity
 | Reminder issued by end of loan period if no return, Acceleration command sent every 3 seconds
 | (3)Cannot be satisfied in a clear-cut sense (yes or no),Prescribe intended system behaviors declaratively,Used for building operation models to meet them
 | Only domain properties are required in requirements documentation
 | (3)Used for comparing options to select preferred,Often take the forms: Maximize / Minimize, Increases /Reduce, Improve,…,Capture preferences among alternative behaviors, (B?: Can be satisfied in clear-cut sense)
 | AND – refinement, OR– refinement
 | Goals assignable to single system agents
 | (2) Refinement trees visualize satisfaction arguments, Goals are recursively refine-able
 | (2) Getting complete refinements of behavioral goals is essential for requirements completeness, Domain properties are often used for arguing about complete refinements
 | Merge responsibilities
 | (3) Getting complete refinements of behavioral goals is essential for requirements completeness, Alternative goal refinements yield different system proposals,We can capture potential conflicts among goals,(B?: It is used to model systems conceptual objects )
 | Sub goals G1, ..., Gn and domain properties in Domains may not contradict each other
 | If one sub goal Gj is missing, the parent goal is no longer necessarily satisfied
 | (2)Merge responsibilities, Analyze the current objectives and problems in the system-to-be
 | (3)Instantiate goal categories, Search for goal-related keywords in elicitation material, Ask how and why question,(B?: Analyze the current objectives and problems in the system-to-be)
 | Uncertain factor whose occurrence may result in loss of satisfaction of corresponding objective
 | New goal ensures weaker version of goal when obstructed
 | Consider alternative responsibilities for obstructed goal so as to make obstacle unfeasible
 | Enforce target condition as obstacle occurs
 | Weaken the obstructed goal’s formulation so that it no longer gets obstructed.
 | Introduce new goal Avoid [obstacle]
 | Consistent,Complete,Minimal (B?: Disjoint)
 | The conditions on system for violation of corresponding assertion
 | A new goal ensures parent of goal when obstructed
 | A new goal ensures weaker version of goal when obstructed
 | Not A or not B
 | (A and not B) or (not A and B)
 | Risk Control
 | (2-4) diagrams (Initating and Scheduling |  On Guard
 | (Diagram1 Meeting date.range & Meeting.Date
 | (2)At any given time, a block may hold at most one | At any given time, a train is on at least one and at most two blocks,(B?: At any given time, a block is on at least one and at most two trains | At any given time, a train may hold at most one block)
 | Event | Agent | Entity | Association(B?: Operation)
 | (3)Common features in multiple objects are factored out into single generalized object | Increased modifiability of large models | Generalized objects & their structure are reusable in different contexts & systems (by specialization)
 | Represented by UML class diagram | Roughly, shows how relevant system concepts are structured and interrelated | Structural view of the system being modeled (as-is or to-be)_(B?: Operation view of the system being modeled (as-is or to-be))
 | An instance may migrate from one object to another | A set of object instances may evolve over time | Every conceptual object has a built-in semantic relation telling which instances are currently members of the object_(B?: An object may be member of multiple instances)
 | Attributes only
 | Min/max number of values the attribute may take
 | Tuple of functional pairs xi | --> vi ( xi : object attribute, association; vi : corresponding value for that instance)
 | (4) | Identify finer-grained assignments by goal-agent co-refinement | Select assignments that best contribute to high-priority soft goals | Favor human assignments to agents wishing the goal or a parent goal | Make assignments resulting in critical agent dependencies
 | (2) | They are defined statically in term of monitoring links and control links to objects in the object model | When an individual becomes an instance of the agent, these variables are instantiated as state variables that this agent instance can monitor or control_(B?: An agent controls an attribute of an object if it can get the values of this attribute from object instances.)
 | They are assigned to the leaf goals | They can run concurrently with others
 | Meetings should be scheduled after the scheduler gets all participants constrain
 | The agent is unable to monitor a variable in the goal specification that needs to be evaluated for goal satisfaction
 | Dependency diagram | Agent diagram | Context diagram_(B?: Sequence diagram | Class diagram)
 | (2)The nodes in Context diagrams represent active system components | We can use a variant of these diagrams to capture agent and their interfaces with each other._(B?: They capture system components and their dynamic interactions through shared phenomena.)
 | (3)It is used to show the distribution of responsibilities within system | It shows who is doing what | It shows the Responsibility view of the system_(B?: It shows dependencies among objects)
 | (2)For each interaction event in a scenario, is this an operation application by the source agent with output monitored by the target agent? | For each interaction event in a scenario, what is the atomic condition characterizing the interaction on the source agent timeline?
 | (2)The domain post-condition of an operation characterizes the class of output sates when the operation has been applied, regardless of any restriction required for goal satisfaction | The domain pre-condition of an operation characterizes the class of input sates when the operation is applied, regardless of any restriction required for goal satisfaction
 | A leaf goal is generally operationalized by multiple operations
 | (2)Generation of use cases from the operation & agent models is straightforward | A use case should operationalize the leaf goals underlying the operations in it_(B?: A use case outlines the operations an agent has to perform interactions with the agents generating operation inputs)
 | (2)eager: agent instance applies operation as soon as all ReqPre true (maximal progress) | lazy: agent instance applies operation only when obliged (due to one ReqTrig true)
 | A use case outlines the operations an agent has to perform | A use case should operationalize the leaf goals underlying the operations in it
 | Answer: Any system operation has a unique name
 | Answer: (2)The agent responsible for G must perform all operations operationalizing G | If these operations operationalize other goals, agents must be responsible for these goals too
 | Answer: TRUE
 | (None 4)(B?: In the case of a negative scenario, the sequence of interactions illustrates a possible way of satisfying an implicit obstacle to a goal; the scenario captures one inadmissible behavior. | It typically corresponds to the source agent instance applying an operation whose effect is monitored by the target agent instance. | Like any event, an interaction is an instantaneous object.)
 | (B?: An interaction event is undirected and synchronous.)
 | (B?: An agent controls an attribute of an object if it can get the values of this attribute from object instances.)
 | Full separate (B?: The same concept, One is full includingd in remain, Other
 | Other (B?: Full separate, The same concept, One is full including in remain
 | (3)The scenario captures one admissible behavior of the interacting agent instances | The interacting instances may be instances of the same agent or of different ones |  In the case of a positive scenario, the sequence of interactions illustrates a possible way of satisfying an implicit behavioral goal _(B?: An interaction event is undirected and synchronous.)
 | A guard captures a necessary condition for transition firing | A global system behavior is obtained by parallel composition of classes behaviors_(B?: A guard captures the results of transition firing)
 | (3)Timelines are represented by thin rectangles; software and environment agents ate now graphically distinguished | The interaction is synchronously controlled by the source instance and monitored by the target instance | The basic UML syntax for sequence diagrams is fairly similar to the one used in event trace diagrams
 | (2)It is applied when the transition fires | Auxiliary means that the action has no meaningful effect on the dynamics captured by the state diagram or by others_(B?: An action is a primary operation associated with a state transition)
 | (3)They capture the behavior of any agent instance, not just a specific one. | The make state information explicit. | They are aimed at capturing all admissible sequences of state transitions, not just some specific ones
 | Introduce Episodes | Agent decomposition
 | (B?: For every object in the object model, there must be at least one goal model concerning it.) | Every goal under the responsibility of an agent in the agent model must appear as a leaf goal in the goal model. | Every agent in the agent model must be responsible for at least one leaf goal in the goal model. | Every requirement in the goal model must be under theresponsibility of one and only one software agent | One of the candidate agents in an OR-assignment to a leaf goal in the goal model must appear as the selected agent responsible for this goal in the agent model.
 | The agent meta-model
 | (3) (B?: Every state of a state machine in the behavior model must refer to a variable declared as an attribute or association in the object model)
 | (B?: If an object is referred to by a goal under the responsibility of an agent, one or more attributes of it must be monitored or controlled by this agent)
 | (B?: Every variable monitored or controlled by an agent in the agent model must appear as an attribute or object in the object model.)
 | (2)Every state of a state machine in the behavior model must refer to a variable declared as an attribute or association in the object model | Every event attribute or event specialization in the behavior model must appear as an attribute or a specialization of the corresponding object in the object model, respectively..(B?: Every variable monitored or controlled by an agent in the agent model must appear as an attribute or object in the object model.)
 | (2)Every operation in the operation model must operationalize at least one leaf goal from the goal model. | Every requirement in the goal model must be operationalized by at least one operation in the operation model._(B?: Every scenario in the behavior model must be covered by at least one goal in the goal model)
 | (2)If an agent performs an operation, it must be responsible for all the goals operationalized by this operation. | If an agent is responsible for a goal, it must perform all operations operational zing that goal.(B?: If an object is referred to by a goal under the responsibility of an agent, one or more attributes of it must be monitored or controlled by this agent)
 | Every parallel state machine capturing the behavior of an agent in the behavior model must show a set of paths prescribed by goals from the goal model that are assigned to this agent in the agent model.
 | If an object is referred to by a goal under the responsibility of an agent, one or more attributes of it must be monitored or controlled by this agent.
 | (3) (B?: Every state of a state machine in the behavior model must refer to a variable declared as an attribute or association in the object model) An attribute or object in the object model may be controlled by at most one agent. | Every variable monitored or controlled by an agent in the agent model must appear as an attribute or object in the object model. | Every agent in the agent model must control (or monitor) at least one attribute or object in the object model
 | Both above (X: Functional requirement, Non-Functional requirement
 | All about (X: Functional requirement, Non-Functional requirement, Domain requirement
 | Stakeholder involve (B?: Intelligent , Enough documents, High budget
 | 3
 | Requirement implement
 | Together
 | All above (X: Procedural interfaces, Data structures, Representations of data)
 | 7
 | 5
 | 10
 | 4
 | Ethnography
 | Elicitation and Analysis
 | Yes
 | To much technical special notations
 | 6
 | No one comply
 | The object name have been different each other
 | The system’s stakeholders
 | How to maintain the system
 | The organizations that will influence directly/indirectly on the system requirements
 | The software must provide a mean of representing and assessing external files created by other toolsThe software must provide a mean of representing and assessing external files created by other tools
 | Client managers
 | System end users
 | Constraints on the services or functions offered by the system such as timing constraints, constraints on the development process, standards, etc
 | A structured document setting out detailed descriptions of the system’s functions, services and operational constraints
 | There should be no contradictions in the descriptions of the system facilities
 | The system shall allow the users to search for an item by title, author, or ISBN
 | Ease of use means training time or number of help frames
 | (1) Feasibility study - (3) Elicitation and analysis - (4) Requirement specification - (2) Requirement validation
 | Requirements document
 | Requirement documents
 | Agreed requirements
 | System models
 | Fine-grain activity models show details of a specific process
 | Eliciting and specifying the system requirements
 | Business requirements specification
 | To decide whether or not the proposed system is worthwhile
 | New technology in the world
 | Specification of similar system
 | Gather information about the proposed and existing systems and distilling the user and system requirements from this information
 | Requirements prioritization and negotiationinformation
 | Can the requirements be implemented given available budget and technology?
 | Requirements interview
 | Prepare the requirements documentation
 | Feasibility study
 | Problem identifying: identify what change is needed for the requirements
 | Links between dependent requirements
 | All above (X: Safety specification, Security specification, Software reliability specification)
 | Risk decomposition
 | All above (Inspection operation, Constructor operations, Algebraic approach )
 | Syntax definition
 | All above (Hardware reliability, Software reliability, Operator reliability)
 | None above (B?: Data-flow, Composition, Stimulus-response)
 | Risk definition and separate them with system.
 | All above (Intolerable, As low as reasonably (ALARP), Acceptable)
 | 2
 | Layering
 | The system or data architecture
 | Classification model
 | How the data is processed at different stages
 | Context models show what lies inside the system boundaries
 | The processes and the flow of information from one process to another
 | Data flow diagram
 | Show data structure of the system
 | Model the behaviour of the system in response to external and internal events
 | Structure models
 | Risk planning
 | Risk assessment
 | It is applied to the system as individual sub-systems
 | Definitions of the safety functions of the protection system.
 | Non-functional reliability requirements.
 | Resource analysis
 | Assign a list of associated threats for each identified asset
 | The likelihood that the system will fail when a service request is made
 | Usability
 | Critical systems are system whose failure can threaten human life
 | Program development
 | Formal methods are applied mainly in critical systems engineering
 | FS involves investing more effort in the validating stage of software development
 | System-to-be
 | Unfeasibility
 | The WHO dimension
 | Environment of software-to-be
 | Software-to-be
 | Prescriptive
 | System-as-is
 | Descriptive
 | Requirement Traceability
 | The WHY dimension
 | Phenomena
 | False
 | Negatively impact
 | Boundary condition
 | All minimal AND combinations of leaf events or conditions, each of ….
 | Requirements
 | Prescritive
 | Not A or Not B
 | The sequence of state transitions for the items it controls
 | The inspector receives no directive on what part of the requirement document to consider or what type of defect to look for
 | Active
 | Bo?: One of the candidate agents in an OR-assignment to a leaf goal in the....
 | Every parallel state machine capturing the behavior of an agent in the behavior model must show a set of paths prescribed by goals from the goal model that are assigned to this
 | Minimal, Consistent
 | Agent is an active system component that is responsible for goal satis faction, Goal satisfaction requires agent cooperation
 | Tuple of functional pairs xi | ->vi
 | Risk identification, Risk assessment, Risk control
 | All of the others
 | Change initiation, change evaluation and prioritization, change consolidation
 | not subjective estimation, Coarser-grained than qualitative assessment
Requirements engineering (RE) is concerned with | the desired machine’s effect on the problem world, the assumptions and relevant properties about this world
System requirements | what the system-to-be should meet; formulated in terms of phenomena in the environment
Software requirements | what the software-to-be should meet on its own; formulated in terms of phenomena shared by the software and the environment
The WHAT dimension | Difficulties Identify the right set of features Specify these precisely for understanding by all parties Ensure backward traceability to system objectives
The WHO dimension | Difficulties Evaluate alternative options to decide on the right degree of automation
Descriptive | statements state system properties holding regardless of how the system should behave (indicative mood)
Prescriptive | statements state desirable properties holding or not depending on how the system behaves (optative mood)
A RE statement may refer to phenomena | owned by the environment or shared between the environment & the software-to-be: one controls phenomena monitored by the other, and resp.
Domain property | descriptive statement about problem world phenomena (holds regardless of any software-to-be)
1/ Which is a strong miligation | A new goal ensure parent of goal when obstructed
2/ Which of the following statements are true | An agent is said to monitor (or control) an object // Abstract agents can be refined // Responsibility assignments should take agent capabilities Into account
3/ Which of the following statements belong to Checklist Based Mode of Individual Reviewing | The Inspector Is given a list of questions and Issues to guide the defect search process
4/ Which of the following belong to phase of requiredments inspection process | Individual reviewing // Inspection planning // RD consolidation // Defect evaluation at review meetings
5/ Which of the following statement about Goal Model are true | Getting complete refinements of behavioral goals // Alternative goal refinements yield different system views // We can capture potential conflicts among goals
6/ Which of the followings figures about a Goals model of Train control system is correct? | Figure3
7/ Which of the following statements about risk management are true | Risk management is an Iteration of risk Identification, assessment and control // We have to use both quantitative and qualitative techniques for estimating risk exposure
8/ Which of the following statements about Sequence diagram are not true | It Is used for outlining an operational view // It provide a structural, entity-relationship view of the system
9/ Which of the followings belong to Structural consistency of the goal and agent models | One of the candidate agents in an OR-assignment // Every goal under the responsibility of an agent // Every requirement in the goal model must be under // Every agent in the agent model must be responsible
10/ Which of the following statements about State machines are true | The initial and final states of the instance correspond to the states // As in any SM diagram, a transition labeled by an event from a source state to a target state fires
11/ Which of the following figures about Statement typology with goals is true? | Figure 1
12/ List the appropriate ways to refine scenario | Agent decomposition // Introduce Episodes
13/ According to IEEE standard template for organizing the RD, which of the followings belong to Specific Requirements | Functional requirements // Design constraints // External interface requirements // Performance requirements
14/ Which of the following are good diagrams? | Diagram 3 // Diagram 4 // Diagram 5
15/ Which of the following object models of the Library System are not correct? | Diagram 3
16/ Which of the following statements about basic features of operations are true | Any system operation has a unique name
17/ Which of the following diagrams can be used to represent Agent Model | Agent diagram // Context diagram //Dependency diagram
18/ Which of the following statements about system agent are true | We must restrict Its behavior // It must be able to monitor//control phenomena
19/ Which of the following statement are true | Agents are key abstraction // Goal satisfaction requires agent cooperation // Agent Is an active system
20/ What are the advantages of Quantitative assessment | Finer-grained than qualitative assessment
21/ Which of the following statement about Inter-view consistency rules are true | Every data in a flow // Every state in the State // Every shared phenomenon
22/ What are the phases of change control process | Change evaluation and prioritization // Change consolidation // Change initiation
23/ Which of the following belong to Defect-base checklists | There are lists ot questions structured according to the various types ot detects thatwe can find a requirements document
24/ Which of the following figures about Reusing an abstract domain to drive elicitation is true? | Figure 2
25/ Which of the following Impact Matrixes of Library Management is true? | Matrix 4
26/ Which of the following actions belong to Domain understanding and Requirement elicitation | Discover the real // Explorer alternatives // Understand the system-to-be
27/ Which of the following statements are true | If one sub // Getting complete // The view that
28/ Which of the following statements about Context diagrams are true | They capture // We can use
29/ Which of the following statements about Modeling instance behaviors are true | An interaction // It typically
30/ Which of the following statement about Object instantiation are true | A set of // An instance // Every conceptual
31/ Which of the following statements about use cases are true | A use case should operation a lize the leal gioals underlying the operations in it // A use case outlines the operations an agent has to perform
32/ How to Update the goal model with new goals illustrated by scenarios | Instantiate goal categories // Identity wishes ot // Identify soft goals
33/ Which of the fallowings do not belong to Goal Restoration | Consider alternative // Consider alternative // Weaken the obstructed // Introduce new goal
34/ What make knowledge acquisition from stakeholders difficult | Difficult access // Distributed sources // Different background
35/ Which of the following steps belong to Modeling system-to-be | Update the goal model // Analyze responsibilities // Analyze obstacles // Derive the updated object mode
36/ Which of the following figures about Conflict Management process is true? | Figure 4
37/ Which of the following statements about weighting questions is true | A weighting question provides a list of statements....
38/ Which of the following Obstacle diagrams of Train control system is correct? | Figure 4
39/ What are the activities producing the requirements on a software-intensive | Elicilalion // Analysis // Evaluation // Evolution management
40/ Which of the followings belong to Assumption statements | Statements to be satisfied by enviroment of the software-to-be
41/ Which of the following statements are true | The operation model can be usedfo // To build an operation a lization // Goal refinement followed by operation
42/ How to Derive the updated object model | Use goal contribution patterns // Check the goal-object inter-view consistency rules
43/ Which of the followings belong Structural consistency of the goal and behaviour models | Every scenario in the behaviour
44/ Which of the following statements are not true | Use case diagrams // SADT diagrams capture
45/ Which of the following statements are true? | The main purpose of // Language-based checklist
46/ Which of the followings belong to the techniques for traceability management | Traceabillty matrices // Feature diagrams // Cross referencing
47/ RE is only concerned with machine phenomena | False
48/ Which of the following figures about requirement engineering process is true? | Figure 2
49/ Which of the followings belong to Structural consistency of the goal and object: | Every goal // Every conceptual // For every object
50/ Which of the following statements are true | Revisions and variants // Evolution phase triggers // Requirement changes tend
Which of the followings belong to Designation clash? | Same name for different concepts in different statements | e.g. “user” for “library user” vs. “library software user”
Which of the followings belong to Structure clash? | Same concept structured differently in different statements | e.g. “latest return date” as time point (e.g. Fri 5pm) vs. time interval (e.g. Friday)
Which of the followings belong to Terminology clash? | Same concept named differently in different statements | e.g. library management: “borrower” vs. “patron”
Which of the following statements about behavioral goals are true? | (3)Cannot be... (yes or no),Prescribe intended...,Used for building...Which of the following statements about the distinction between goals & domain properties is not true? |  Only domain properties are required in requirements documentation
Which of the following are good class diagrams | (2-4) diagrams (Initating and Scheduling |  On Guard
What are types of conceptual object? | Event | Agent | Entity | Association
What are benefits of generalization-based structuring? | (3)Common features... | Increased mo... | Generalized objects & their ...
Which of the following statements about object models are true? | Represented by UML class diagram | Roughly, shows how relevant system concepts are structured and interrelated | Structural view of the system being modeled (as-is or to-be)
What is a state of an instance of conceptual object? | Tuple of functional pairs xi | --> vi
Which of the followings are good heuristics for responsibility assignment? | (4)Identify finer-...Select ass... | Favor human...Make ass...
Which are true statements about agent capabilities? | (2) | They are defined... | When an individual...
Which of the following diagrams can be used to represent Agent Model? | Dependency diagram | Agent diagram | Context diagram
Which of the followings about Context diagrams are true? | (2)The nodes in Context.... | We can use a variant of these ...
Which of the following statements about domain conditions are true? | (2)The domain post-condition of an operation.... | The domain pre-condition of an operation characterizes the class of input sates when the operation is applied, regardless of any restriction required for goal satisfaction
Which of the following statements about use cases are true? | A use case outlines the operations an agent... | A use case should operationalize the leaf goals underlying the operations in it
Which of the following statements is true? | A guard captures a nec...A global system behavior is obtained...Which of the following statements about UML sequence diagrams are true? |  (3)Timelines are represe...The interaction is synchronously....The basic UML syntax for ...
Which of the following statements about Actions of State machines are true? | (2)It is applied when the transition fires | Auxiliary means that ...
Which of the followings belong to Structural consistency of the object and agent models? | (3) An attribute or object....Every variable... | Every agent in the agent ...
Data processing model will show ….? | How the data is processed at different stagesWhat is NOT true with context model? |  Context models show what lies inside the system boundaries
39. Which of the following statements about the diagram below are true? | Closedoors is an Operation & Use case & doorsactuator is an agent
The goals G1, G2, …, Gn are divergent in a domain Dom if we can find a feasible boundary condition B under which the goals cannot satisfied the arguments | {G1,G2..,Gn,Dom} | = false
Which one is the “domain completeness” condition for OR-refinement of obstacle O into alternative sub-obstacles Oi: | {not O1, not O2, ..., not On, Dom} | = not O
A/An ________ designates an object instance to which the operation applies. The state of this instance affects the application of the operation | Input variable
A/An ________ designates an object instance to which the operation acts. The state of this instance affects the application of the operation | Output variable
Assume that risk (r) only cause one consequence (c). Give Likelihood (c) = 0.7, Severity (c) = 5, cost(cm) = 0.5. Exposure(r) = | 3.5
Which of the following questions are in the checklist used for verifying "Over specification" defect type (choose two)? | Would there be , Does this statement entail
Which of the following actions does the review board need to do when reviewing changes of requirements (Choose three)? | Understand , Assess the benefits , Estimate the
Given figure 8-11 below. Which of the followings is a pattern used in the figure? | Guard-introduction pattern
Obstacles completeness can show about ______ and_______ (Choose two) | what we know about , obstacle analysis may
Which conditions does a statement about an obstacle to an assertion need to meet? | (sai) {O, Dom } | = not G 
OR-refinement of obstacle O should be … | (sai) {subO1,..., subOj-1, subOj+1 , ..., subOn, Dom } | = O
Which of the followings are strengths of state machines model | visual abstraction , code generation
A(an)___is prescriptive statement to be enforced by the software-to-be,possibly in cooperation with other system components | system requirement
is prescriptive statement to be enforced by the software-to-be,possibly in cooperation with other system components | system requirement
the same company or consortium is carrying out all project phases | in-house project
is there a fit criterion associated with this quality requirement,is this fit criterion stated, cantest data be derived,is this statement stated in a way | unmeasurability
a goal g is correctly operationalized in to op1, ...,opn if and only if the specification spec(op1),.. sufficient for ensure g; that are the following, except | {spec(op1),..., Spec(opn)} | =false
Assume that risk (r) only cause one consequence (c). Give Likelihood (c) = 0.7, Severity (c) = 5, cost(cm) = 0.5. Exposure(r) = | 3.5;
domain consistency | {oi,dom} | # false;
domain-completeness | {not O1,not o2,...,not on, dom} | =o;
entailment | {oi, dom} | =o;
In specialization, the object SubOb plays the role ______ whereas the object SuperOb plays the inverse role ______. | Specializes / Generalizes;
obstacle disjointness | {oi,oj,dom} | =false;
OR-refinement of obstacle O should be … | {subOi, Dom } | = O+{subOi, subOj, Dom }  | = false+{not subO1,..., not subOn, Dom }  | = not O+{subOi, Dom }  | ? false;
The goals G1, G2, …, Gn are divergent in a domain Dom if we can find a feasible boundary condition B under which the goals cannot satisfied the arguments | {G1, G2, …, Gn, B, Dom} | = false;
Which conditions does a statement about an obstacle to an assertion need to meet? | {O, Dom } | = not G +{O, Dom }  | ? false + O can be satisfied by some system behavior;
Which one is the "domain completeness" condition for OR-refinement of obstacle O into alternative sub-obstacles Oi: | {not O1, not O2, …, not On, Dom} | = not O;
is it true if we say that outputs of "requirements elicitation" stage of re process are additional sections for preliminary draft proposal | true
Which one of the following statements is the definition of "required trigger condition"? | A required trigger condition for a goal is a sufficient condition on the operation's input states for satisfaction of this goal by any application of the operation.
Which of the following is a correct satisfaction arguments form? | {SoftREQ,DOM,ASM} | =SysREQ
Which of the following is the target quality to ensure that the requirements, assumptions, and domain properties must be satisfiable when taken together | Consistency
An obstacle is a pre- condition for .... of some goal, hypotheses or questionable domain property used in the goal model | non-satisfaction
Which of the followings belong to Structural consistency of the goal and object models? | ko ch?n one of candidate
What are the activities producing the requirements on a software-intensive system? | ko ch?n Development management
OR-refinement of obstacle O should be … | {subOi, Dom } | = O+{subOi, subOj, Dom }  | = false+{not subO1,..., not subOn, Dom }  | = not O+{subOi, Dom }  | ?  false;
Which conditions does a statement about an obstacle to an assertion need to meet? | {O, Dom } | =  not G +{O, Dom }  | ? false + O can be satisfied by some system behavior;
Which of the following are activities to be done in "Change Consolidation" stage of change control process (choose three)? | Baselining of/ Forward propagation/ Updating of;
Which of the following are differences of problem diagram comparing with context diagram? | A rectangle with double/A rectangle with a single
Which of the following questions are in the checklist used for verifying "Ambiguity" defect type (choose two)? | Can this statement/ Are there other;
Which of the following questions are in the checklist used for verifying "Poor structuring" defect type (choose three)? | Is the structuring/ Does this RD item cover/ Does this RD item mix;
Which of the following questions are in the checklist used for verifying "Over specification" defect type | would there be alternative/ Does this statement entail
Which of the following questions are in the checklist used for verifying "Ambiguity" defect type (choose two)? | Can this statement be/ Are there other
Which conditions does a statement about an obstacle to an assertion need to meet? | (sai) {O, Dom } | =  not G     
Which of the following are semantic rules used to define sequential state decomposition? | it is in one of the sequential sub-states/An incoming transition
which of the following statement about Object instantiation are true | An instance/A set of/Every conceptual
which of the following statement about use cases are true | the leaf goals/an agent has to perform
Which of the followings belong to Structural consistency of the goal and agent models | one of the candidate/every requirement/every goal/every agent
Which of the following statements about State machines are true | the initial and final/As in any SM diagram
What are the phases of change control process | consolidation/evaluation and prioritization/initiation
which of the following statement about system agent are true | It must be able to monitor/we must restrict
which of the following statements about are true | Agent's instances cannot/Abtract agents can be
According to IEEE standarf template for organizing the RD, which of the followings belong to Specific Requirements | Design constraints/External interface/Performance/Functional
What make knowledge acquisition from stakeholders difficult | Difficult access/Distributed sources/Difference background
which of the followings belong to Assumption statements | Statements to be satisfied by the environment of the software-to-be
List the appropriate ways to refine scenario | introduce Episodes/Agent decomposition
which of the following statement about risk management are true | risk management is an iteration/risk identification is
which of the following statement about weighting questions is true | A weighting question provides a list of statements that need to be weighted
Which of the following actions belong to Domain understanding and Requirement elicitation | Understand the system-to-be/Explore alternatives ways
which of the following statement about Sequence diagram are not true | It complements such a viewthrough/it is used for outlining
which of the following statement are true | Language-based checklist specialize/The main purpose of requirements
Which of the followings belong to Structural consistency of the goal and object models | Every goal in the goal model/For every object/every conceptual
which of the following statement about Goal model are true | getting complete/we can capture potential/Alternative goal
which of the following statements are true | Requirement changes tend to be | Revisions and variants define
Which is a strong mitigation | a new goal ensures parent of goal when obstructed
which of the following statement are true | Goal satisfaction requires/Agent is an active system
Which of the following statements belong to Checklist Based Mode of individual Reviewing | the inspector is given a list of questions and issues
Which of the following diagrams can be used to represent Agent Model | Context/ Agent/ Dependency diagram
which of the following statements about Context diagrams are true | we can use a variant of these diagrams/the nodes in Context diagrams
belong to phase of requirements inspection process | Defect,RD,Individual,Inspection
not belong to Goal Restoration | Consider,Weaken,Introduce
advantages of Quantitative assessment | Finer-grained
are good diagrams | 5,3,4
about basic features of operations are true | Any system operation
the following statements are not true | Free documentation in unrestricted,Use case diagrams
about statement typology with goals is true | Figure1
what are the activities producing the requirements on a software-intensive system | Evaluation,Evolution mangement,Elicitation
Impact matrixes of library management is true | random di em
Which of the following belong to defect-base checklists | there are lists of questions structured according to the various
about inter-view consistency rules are true | every shared phenomenon,every data in a
about modeling instance behaviors are true | in the case of a negative scenario,it typically corresponds,like any event
belong to the techniques for traceability management | traceability matrices,Cross referencing,feature diagrams
belong structural consistency of the goal and behaviour models | Every scenario in the behaviour
which of the followings belong to the ambiguity defect in requirement document(RD) | RD item allowing a problem world feature to be interpreted in different ways
which of the followings belong to the Error Omissio defect in requirement document(RD) | problem world feature not stated by any RD item
which of the followings belong to the Contradiction defect in requirement document(RD) | RD items stating a problem world feature in an incompatible way
which of the followings belong to the Inadequacy defect in requirement document(RD) | RD item not adequately stating a problem world feature
which of the followings belong to the Unmeasurability defect in requirement document(RD) | RD item stating a problem world feature in a way precluding option comparison or solution testing
which of the followings belong to the Flaw Noise defect in requirement document(RD) | RD item yielding no information on any problem world feature
which of the followings belong to the Overspecification defect in requirement document(RD) | RD item stating a feature not in the problem world, but in the machine solution
which of the followings belong to the Unfeasibility defect in requirement document(RD) | RD item not implementable within budget/schedule
which of the followings belong to the Unintelligibility defect in requirement document(RD) | RD item incomprehensible to those needing to use it
which of the followings belong to the Poor structuring defect in requirement document(RD) | RD item not organized according to any sensible & visible structuring rule
____models are represented by UML class diagram | Object
List the way that State machines complement the fragmentary information provided by scenarios | All of the others
List the agents of Ticket Booking system | customer/staff/manager/admin
An agent_____an operation if the applications of this operation are activated by instances of this agent | performs
In the following sentences, which ones are descriptive statements | the same book copy/a train is moving/a participant can not attend
____result from changes made to adapt, restrict or extend a master version to multiple classes of users or usage conditions | Variants
which diagrams in the following describe scope of the system | Context diagram
which of the following are true statements about domain pre-conditions | the domain pre-condition of.....is applied, regardless of any restriction required for goal satisfaction
Risks are uncertain factors whose occurrence may result in______of satisfaction of corresponding objective | loss
Agent models show____view of the system being modeled | none of the others
____risk management is a major cause of software failure | poor
List the Artifact driven techniques | background study
A___scenario illustrates some inadmissible behavior | negative
A scenario is represented in UML by a____diagram | sequence
Which of the following is NOT a strength of group sessions technique? | Group sessions can be used to get contextualization of information
__________ techniques reply more on specific types of artifact to support the elicitation process | Artefact-driven
Which of the following is the system as it should be when the machine will be built and operated in it? | system-to-be
__________ is the requirement document item, which cannot be realistically implemented within assigned budget schedule, or development platform | Unfeasibility
Which of the following is NOT a stage of requirement engineering process? | Requirement Traceability
Which of the following is the system that exists before the machine is built into it? | system-as-is
The following are obstacles to effective knowledge acquisition from stakeholders, EXCEPT? | Interacting with stakeholders
Which of the following is NOT a stakeholder-driven elicitation techniques? | Interview
Components pertaining to che machine's surrounding world will form | Environment of sortware-to-be
The target of __________ is a set of low-risks, conflict-free requirements and assumptions that stakeholders agree on. | Requirements Validation
Which of the following items is NOT a step of Value-cost prioritization process? | Build comparison matrix
The following criteria are used for selecting sample stakeholders, EXCEPT? | Ability of creating prototypes for system-to-be
In a __________ project, a software solution is developed to address the actual needs of one specific customer in the context of one specific organization. | customer-driven
Which of the following items is NOT a step in the process of risk management with DDP for RE? | Quantitative reasoning for evaluating options
Which of the following can be helpful for eliciting non-functional requirements related to usability, performance, and costs? | Data Collection
__________ addresses the assignment of responsibilities for achieving the objectives, services, and constraints among the components of the system-to-be | the WHO dimension
Which of the following is a skill required for interacting with stakeholders? | Knowledge reformulation
Which of the following are NOT exploring risk countermeasures techniques? | Reusing known countermeasures
Which of the following is NOT a concept-driven acquisition technique? | Interview
Which of the following items is NOT a type of inconsistency of requirements? | Inconsistency management
__________ refer to "the contextual reasons for a new version of a system must be made explicit in terms of objectives" to be satisfied by" | the WHY dimension
Which of the following is used to explore how the system-as-is is running? | Card sort & repertory grid
Assumed that risk (r) only causes one consequence (c). Give Likelihood (c) = 0.7, Severity (c) = 5, cost(cm) = 0.5. Exposure(r) = ? | 3.50
Give Evaluation Criteria (NFRs) of scheduling Meeting program to quantitative reasoning for evaluation option as below: | 0.55
__________ state properties about the system that hold regardless of how the system behaves. Such properties hold typically because of some natural law or physical constraint. | Descriptive statements
__________. These are statements that cannot be satisfied when taken together, their logical conjunction evaluates to false in all circumstances. | Strong conflict
__________ state desirable properties about the system that may hold or not depending on how system behaves | Prescriptive statements
__________ shows static and dynamic aspects of user-software interaction. | A user interface prototypes
The goals of __________ is to reduce high-exposure risks through countermeasures. | Risk control
The goals of risk assessment is to assess likelihood of risks, __________, likelihood of consequences, to control high-priority risks. | risk severity
The following statement is an example of __________. - The same book copy cannot be borrowed by two different people at the same time. | Prescriptive statement
Which of the following statements is a "soft goal"? | The meeting scheduler software should be easy to use by administrative staff
Figure 4.10 shows an Event Trace Diagram specifying a meeting scheduling scenario. The first event is meetingRequest, __________ by an Initiator instance and __________ by a Scheduler instance. | controlled/monitored
All of the following describe the central role of goals in the requirements engineering process, EXCEPT? | Goal refinement provides a natural mechanism for structuring complex specifications at different levels
Actigrams (Datagrams) declare activities (data) by their input/output data (producing/consuming activities) and interconnect them through data (__________) dependency links. | Control
When doing goals refinement, we refine goals until__________ | the sub-goals assignable to single agents
For a binary decision table with N entry conditions, there must be __________ columns for the table to list all possible combinations of conditions exhaustively. | 2^N
In Figure 4.9, "DetermineSchedule - <<include>> - ResolveConflicts" means: | ResolveConflicts is a "sub-operation" of DetermineSchedule
Which of the following modes of individual reviewing rely on lists of specific issues to address while searching for defects? | Checklist-based and Process-based modes
The goals G1, G2, ..., Gn are divergent in a domain Dom if we can find a feasible boundary condition B under which the goals cannot satisfied the arguments. Which of the following reflects the above definition? | {G1, G2, ..., Gn, B, Dom} | =false
Figure 10 shows the __________ | Milestone-driven refinement pattern
Which of the following questions should be in the checklist used for verifying "Over specification" defect type? | Would there be alternative sensible choices?
In requirements validation by specification animation, the _____ is an execution of the software model, and an animation is a visualization of the simulated model in its environment. | Simulation
__________ form an effective technique for quality assurance, it is the widest in scope and applicability. | "Requirements inspection and reviews"
All of the following are usages of goal categories, EXCEPT? | Goal categories are using for refining and abstracting goals
Which of the followings captures the activities and data in the system (system-to-be or system-as-is), these diagrams allow these activities and data to be documented in a graphical way? | SADT diagrams
__________ prescribe different types of protection of agent assets against unintended behaviors. | Security goals
Which of the following are NOT differences of problem diagram comparing with context diagram? | Shared phenomena are controlled/monitored by components
Figure 9 shows the __________ | Divide-and-conquer refinement pattern
Becase the requirements errors are the most expensive, numerous and persistent software errors, so "requirements inspection & review process" should be applied as soon as possible. | FALSE
Which of the following is A context diagram that can be further detailed by indicating explicitly which component controls a shared phenomena, which component constitutes the machine needs to be built, and which componets are affected by which requirements? | Problem diagram
In the figure 8.28 , the goal refinement pattern is _____ | Refinement towards goal realizability
A__________ is captured by a sequence of state transitions for the system items that the component control | Behavior
Which of the following activities should NOT be done in the phase "Defect evaluation at review meetings" of "Requirements inspection & review process"? | Each inspector reads the RD or part of it individually to look for defects
The goal model captures _____ and responsibility links from goals to system agents | operationalization links between goals and system operations
Which of the following is an incorrect statements about the leaf nodes in goals refinement trees? | They can not be domain properties or hypotheses
In the figure 8.29 , the goal refinement pattern is _____ | Refinement by case
In state machine diagram, the event occurrence is a _____ condition for transition firing, whereas a guard is a _____ condition for firing. | sufficient/necessary
Goals are generally found by top-down _____ of higher-level concerns and by bottom-up _____ from lower-level material such as scenario examples and operational descriptions. | Refinement/ abstraction
Unlike domain properties and _____, goals may be refined, negotiated, assigned as responsibilities to agents and transformed in case of conflict or overexposure to risks. | hypotheses
Which of the following techniques has the process below? 1. RETRIEVE relevant knowledge from other systems 2. TRANSPOSE it to the target system 3. VALIDATE the result, ADAPT it if necessary & INTEGRATE it with the system knowledge already acquired | Knowledge reuse
Which is not an arterfact-driven elicitation technique? | Group sessions
The following are obstacles to effective knowledge acquisition, except for | Unstable conditions
__________ can be helpful for eliciting non-functional requirements related to usability, performance, and costs. | Data Collection
__________ shows aspects related to software functionalities. | A functional prototypes
The target of __________ is a set of low-risks, conflict-free requirements and assumptions that stakeholders agree on. | Requirements Evaluation
__________. These are statements that can not be satisfied when taken together; their logical conjunction evaluates to false in all circumstances. | Strong conflict
The following sample statement is a __________ statement. The staff's viewpoint in our library system might state, 'a borrower should return a borrowed book copy within two weeks'. A stakeholder having the borrower's viewpoint might state, 'a borrower should keep a borrowed book copy as long as he or she needs it'. | Weak conflict or divergence
The goals of risk assessment is to assess likelihood of risks, ______, likelihood of consequences, to control high-priority risks | risk severity
The goals of __________ is to reduce high-exposure risks through countermeasures | Risk control
Which of the following items is not a step in the process of risk management with DDP for RE? | Quantitative reasoning for evaluation options
Give Evaluation Criteria (NFRs) of scheduling Meeting program to quantitative reasoning for evaluation options as below: - Fast responds: (Significance weighting: 0.30; Option 1 score: 0.40) - Realizable response: (Significance weighting: 0.50; Option 1 score: 0.80) - Minimal inconvenience: (Significance weighting: 0.10; Option 1 score: 0.30) Which of the following is a total score of option 1? | 0.55
Which of the following items is a range of estimated score percentage of option (opt) on criterion (crit): Score (opt, crit) ? | 0-->1
The data-activity duality principle requires actigram items to have some __________ in a datagram, and vice versa. | Counterparts
In Figure 4.9, "DetermineSchedule - <<include>> - ResolveConflicts" means: | ResolveConflicts is a 'sub-operation' of DetermineSchedule.
In Figure 4.9, "DenyRequest - <<extend>> - AskConstraints" means: | longest answer
Figure 4.10 shows an Event Trace Diagram specifying a meeting scheduling scenario. The first event is meetingRequest, __________ by an Initiator instance and ___________ by a Scheduler instance. | controlled/monitored
In state machine diagram, the event occurrence is a __________ condition for transition firing, whereas a guard is a __________ condition for firing. | sufficient/necessary
In figure 4.11, the "Planning" state (source state) changes to "MeetingScheduled" state (target state) if __________ (the event) occurs and only if __________ (the guard condition) is true. | scheduleDetermination/[No conflicts]
In figure 4.15, the ER diagram is a confusing requirement. | True
Which of the following are differences of problem diagram comparing with context diagram? | A rectangle x2 + An interface
A__________ diagram can be further detailed by indicating explicitly which component controls a shared phenomena, which component constitutes the machine needs to be built, and which components are affected by which requirements. | Problem
Which one of the following activities should not be done in the phase "Defect evaluation at review meetings" of "Requirements inspection & review process": | Each inspector reads the RD or part of it individually to look for defects.
The phase "Individual reviewing", inspectors reads the Requirement Document for defects. They can operate this phase in which of the following modes? | Free mode, process-based mode, checklist-based mode
Because the requirements errors are the most expensive, numerous and persistent software errors, so "requirements inspection & review process" should be applied as soon as possible. | FALSE
"Queries on a requirements database" technique for "Requirements quality assurance" work on parts of the Requirements Document that are specified in term of the __________ | Diagrammatic notations
Domain-specific checklists specialize the defect-based ones to the specific constructs of the structure, semi-format or formal specification language used in the requirement document. | FALSE
Fora binary decision table with N entry conditions, there must be __________ columns for the table to list all possible combinations of conditions exhaustively. | 2^N
In requirments, validation by specification animation, the _________ is an execution of the software model, and an animation is visualization of the simulated model in its environments. | Simulation
The multiplicity on one side of an association specifies the minimum and maximum number of object instances on ______ that may be associated with one target object instance. | this side
A use case diagram provides an outline view of an operation modelby showing the operations that an agent performs together with _____ with other agents. | operationalization links
An entity is __________. | An instantaneous object
Goal obstruction propagates _____ along goal AND-refinement trees | bottom-up
In obstacle diagram, leaf obstacles are connected to countermeasure goal through __________. | Responsibility links
An agent is an _____ system component play a role in goal satisfaction. | Active
Like in any risk management process, obstacle analysis is an iteration of _____ cycles. | Identify - Assess - Control
The association is also called under synonymous term __________ | 'relationship'
A/an ___________ is a discrete set of instances of a domain-specific concept that are manipulated by the modelled system | Object class
In figure 11.6, "Train" and "TrainInfo" are classified as | Entities
An operationalization diagram is an annotated graph showing the system operations, their _____ to goals in the goal model and input/output links to objects in the object model. | operationalization links
An obstacle is a pre-condition for _____ of some goal, hypothesis or questionable domain property used in the goal model. | satisfaction
Goals and obstacles are dual notions. Therefore, we can derive obstacle categories from _____. | Goals
Which of the following can we base on to build system architecture and to understand the interface between system components? | Behavioral model
A goal under the responsibility of an agent must be realizable by the agent in view of its _____. | Capabilities
The features shared by object instances include: | object's definition, type, individual attributes, associations, domain invariants
In specialization, the object SubOb plays the role _____ whereas the object SuperOb plays the inverse role _____. | Specializes / Generalizes
Obstacles completeness can show about _____ and obstacle analysis may help elicit and validate relevant domain properties | what we know about the domain and how adequate our knowledge is
Which of the following conditions is NOT a statement about an obstacle to an assertion need to meet? | O can be satisfied by some system behavior
The operation is not applied if a trigger condition becomes true in a state where the operation's domain pre-condition is not true. | True
A goal G is correctly operationalized into Op1, ..., Opn if and only if the specification Spec(Op1), ..., Spec(Opn) of these operations in term of domain and required conditions are necessary and sufficient for ensure G; that are the following, EXCEPT? | G | = {Spec(Op1), ...Spec(Opn)}
Agent instances have individual behaviors captured by sequence of state transitions for the __________ that they control. These variables refer to attributes/associations of object instances. | object attributes
Which of the following is the "domain-completeness" condition for OR-refinement of obstacle O into alternative sub-obstacles Oi? | {not O1, not O2, ..., not On, Dom} | = not O
OR-refinement of obstacle O should be, EXCEPT? | {subO1,...,subOj-1, subOj+1 ,..., subOn, Dom} | = O
Which of the following is a helpful technique that is used for eliciting non-functional requirements e.g. performance requirements? | Data collection
All of the following actions, the review board need to do when reviewing changes of requirements EXCEPT? | Maintains a wishlist of possible changes
_____ prescribes intended behaviours where a target condition must sooner or later hold whenever some other condition holds in the current system state. | An achieve goal
The multiplicity on one side of an association specifies the minimum and maximum number of object instances on _____ that may be associated. | this side
All of the following questions should NOT be in the checklist used for verifying "Over specification" defect type EXCEPT? | Would there be alternative sensible choices?
An(a)______ is a statement to be satisfied by the environment and formulated in terms of environmental phenomena. | assumption
There are the following backwards of prototypes and mock-up technique, except for | Can not understand implications
In a __________project, the system-as-is already offers software solutions; the software-to-be needs to integrate, improve, adapt or extend such solutions. | brownfield
The goals of risk assessment is to assess likelihood of risks, _____, likelihood of consequences, to control high-priority risks | risk severity
Which features does Multi-view mmodeling framework enforce the system view satisfied? | Consistency, completeness and complementarity
What should we do in the stakeholder analysis stage of RE? | Determine a representative sample of stakeholders based in their role, ...
A systematic process of managing conflicts has the stages; Identify overlapping statements, Generate conflict resolutions, Evaluate resolutions, and Detect conflicts among them & document them. Which of the following item is a correct order of the process? | 1) Identify 2) Detect 3) Generate 4) Evaluate
The domain understanding and requirements elicitation stage involves a great deal of knowledge acquisition, EXCEPT? | Knowledge about programming language that is used for new system development
A goal under the responsibility of an agent must be realizable by the agent in view of its ______. | Capabilities
Which of the following is not a criterion of stakeholder selection? | Exposure to perceived technical issues
All of the following questions should be in the checklist used for verifying "Poor structuring" defect type EXCEPT? | Would there be alternative sensible choices?
Which of the following questions is in the checklist used for verifying "Unfeasibility" defect type? | Is this RD item implementable in view of infrastructure, budget or timing constraints?
For stepwise refinement of a state diagram, we may decompose a state into sequential or concurrent sub-states. In both cases, the finer-grained sub-states are called nested states, whereas the super-state is called a _____ | Composite state
All of the following statements about advantages of free documentation is unrestricted natural lanuage are correct EXCEPT? | There is no notable ambiguities, noises, e.g.
All of the following questions should NOT be in the checklist used for verifying "Ambiguity" defect type EXCEPT? | Can this statement be interpreted differently in different relevant contexts?
__________refer to "the contextual reasons for a new version of a system must be made explicit in terms of objectives" to be satisfied by | the WHY dimension
A/an _____ is a discrete set of instances of a domain-specific concept that are manipulated by the modeled system. | Conceptual object
__________ refers to the use of goals for requirements elicitation, evaluation, negotiation, elaboration, structuring, documentation, analysis and evolution. | Goal-oriented RE
Which of the followings is a standard technique for structuring comple if-then condition? | Using decision table
At higher levels, there are coarser-grained goals stating_____ related to the business or the organisation. | strategic objectives
When we are unfamiliar with the system-as-is, we may need to acquire knowledge through the following ways EXCEPT? | Studying documents and reports of system-to-be that document information flows,...
A (an)__________ is a prescriptive statement to be enforced by the software-to-be, possibly in cooperatio with other system components, and formulated in terms of environment phenomena. | system requirement
The goals of _____ is to reduce high-exposure risks through countermeasures | Risk control
Traceability management process composes of 4 phases: | Define, Establish, Exploit, Maintain
In an operation model, an operation is annotated by individual features such as its _____ and its domain pre- and post-conditions. | Signature
Assume that risk (r) only couse one consequence (c). Give Likelihood (c)=0.7, Severity (c) = 5, cost(cm) = 0.5. Exposure(r) = | 3.5
All of the following statements about local rules on writing statements in requirements document are correct EXCEPT? | Make sure that every concept is defined after its use.
An obstacle is a pre-condition for _____ of some goal; hypothesis or questionable domain property used in the goal model. | non-satisfaction
The following questions should be in the checklist used for verifying_____ defect tyope. | Poor structuring
All of the following statements about outputs of requirement specification and documentation phase are correct EXCEPT? | All general objectives, system requirements, ...
All of the following activities should NOT be done in "Change Initiation" stage of change control process EXCEPT? | Maintains a wishlist of possible changes
All of the following activities should NOT be done in "Change Evaluation and prioritization" stage of change control process EXCEPT? | Prioritize the accepted changes.
_____ addresses the assignment of reponsibilities for achieving the objectives, services, and constraints among the components of the system-to-be | the WHO dimension
An operation model addresses the _____ of requirements engineering by capturing the functional services that the target system should provide in order to meet its goals. | WHAT-dimension
In "Traceability management process", which one of the following phases is concerned with four issues:the link granularity, link semantic richness, link accuracy and link overhead? | Establish traceability links
Which one of the following activities should be done in "Change evaluation & prioritization" phase of "Change Control" process? | The review board is responsible to assess the merits, ...
Traceability management process composes of 4 phases: a) Exploit traceability links b) Establish traceability links c) Maintain traceability links d) Define traceability policy Which one is the appropriate order of these phases: | Define, Establish, Exploit, Maintain
__________ requires us to identify likely changes, assess their likelihood and document them in the Requirement Document. | Change anticipation
In a Change Control process, the necessity, feasibility, benefits, impact and cost of the requested changes are evaluated by a __________ | Review board
Which of the following actions does the review board need to do when reviewing changes of requirements (Choose three)? | Understand + Assess + Estimate
Which of the following are activities to be done in "Change Consolidation" stage of change control process (choose three)? | Baselining + Forward + Updating
Which of the following are activities to be done in "Change Evaluation and prioritization" stage of change control process (choose two)? | Prioritize + Detect
Behavioral goals are used for building __________ specifications of the system. | Operational
An expectation is a goal assigned to a single agent of the __________. | environment
Which one of the following statements is a "soft goal"? | The meeting scheduler software should be easy to use by administrative staff.
_____ are used as criteria for selecting system options among multiple alternatives. | Soft goals
Goals are generally found by top-down __________ of higher-level concerns and by bottom-up _____ from lower-level material such as scenario examples and operational descriptions. | Refinement / abstraction
In the goal model, the finer-grained a goal is, the _____ are required to satisfy it. | fewer agents
Goals provide a basic abstraction for addressing the _____ dimension of requirements engineering. | WHY
Goals provide a precise __________ for requirements completeness and pertinence. | Role
A goal refinement graph show the refinement and contribution links among goals. __________ appear as leaf nodes in this graph. | Requirements
Which of the following items are not non-functional goal (Choose two)? | Information + Satisfaction
An AND-refinement states that the parent goal can be satisfied by satisfying _____ sub-goals in the refinement. | all
An AND-refinement of a goal G into sub-goals G1, G2, ..., Gn should be | Complete, consistent, minimal
Which one of the following statements about the leaf nodes in goals refinement trees is false? | They can not be domain properties or hypotheses.
The goal model captures _____ and _____ | responsibility.... + reference ....
To start building a goal model, we may obtain __________ goals. Once these goals are obtained, we may build refinement and abstraction paths in a goal diagram | Preliminary
The goals G1, G2, ..., Gn are divergent in a domain Dom if we can find a feasible boundary condition B under which the goals cannot satisfied the arguments | {G1, G2, ..., Gn, B, Dom} | =false
A goal model makes it possible to capture __________ alternative options | two kinds of
We can build refinement and abstraction paths in a goal diagram by recursively asking _____ and _____ questions about available goals, respectively | HOW/WHY
Figure 9 shows the ____________ | Divide-and-conquer refinement pattern.
Figure 10 shows the ____________ | Milestone-driven refinement pattern.
An AND-refinement of obstacle O into sub-obstacles O1, O2,…, On should meet the following conditions: 1) {O1, O2, …, On, Dom} | ? false complete AND-refinement 2) {O1, O2, …, On, Dom} | = O consistent AND-refinement 3) {O1,…, O(j-1), O(j+1), …, On, Dom}  | ? O minimal AND-refinement Which pair of the arguments is wrong?  |  1 & 2
Which one is the “domain completeness” condition for OR-refinement of obstacle O into alternative sub-obstacles Oi: | {not O1, not O2, …, not On, Dom} | = not O
Obstacles completeness can show about ______ and_______ (Choose two) | what we know about... + obstacle analysis...
Which conditions does a statement about an obstacle to an assertion need to meet? | {O, Dom } | = not G + {O, Dom }  | ? false + O can be satisfied by some system behavior
OR-refinement of obstacle O should be … | all excepts {subO1,..., subOj-1, subOj+1 , ..., subOn, Dom } | = O
The features shared by object instances include. | object’s definition, type, individual attributes, associations, domain invariants
An entity is ___________. | None of others.
An attribute is _______________. | An intrinsic feature of an object regardless of other objects in the model
In specialization, the object SubOb plays the role ______ whereas the object SuperOb plays the inverse role ______. | Specializes / Generalizes
Which of the following statements about agent capabilities is wrong?. | An agent monitors an association if its instances can control this association holds between object instances
A goal under the responsibility of an agent must be realizable by the agent in view of its ________. | Capabilities
A/An ________ designates an object instance to which the operation applies. The state of this instance affects the application of the operation. | Input variable
The operation is not applied if a trigger condition becomes true in a state where the operation’s domain pre-condition is not true. | True
Which one of the following statements is false? | Multiple agents perform an operation.
A use case diagram provides an outline view of an operation model by showing the operations that an agent performs together with ________ with other agents. | interaction links.
In _______ scheme, the agent instance applies the operation when it is really obliged to do so; that is, when one of the operation’s required trigger conditions becomes true. | a lazy behaviour
In positive scenario, the sequence of interactions illustrates a possible way of satisfying an obstacle to a goal. | False
External events: the agent associated with the State Machine does not controls. | True
The initial states of the instance correspond to the states where it disappears from the system. | False
For stepwise refinement of a state diagram, we decompose a state into sequential or parallel sub-states. | true
A scenario is a temporal sequence of interaction events among agent. | False
Which of the followings are not strengths of goal model? | expressive + acceptance test data
Which of the followings are strengths of state machines model? | visual abstraction + code generation
A meta-model is a conceptual model for the meta-level, the highest level, thus consisting of concepts, relationships, attributes and constraints defined in all levels (meta-, domain- and instance-level). | False
System model is made up of five views. Which one of the following view captured by goal model: | None of the others
The instance level is made of concepts that are instances of meta-level abstractions. | False
The name of elements defined in a package are __________. | local to the package and its descendants.
To facilitate model configuration and evolution, we should specify _________ among packages. | Dependency links.
In a _________ project, a brand new software solution is built from scratch to address problems with the system-as-is and exploit new opportunities from technology evolution or market conditions. | greenfield
Which of the following techniques has the process as below? 1. RETRIEVE relevant knowledge from other systems 2. TRANSPOSE it to the target system 3. VALIDATE the result, ADAPT it if necessary & INTEGRATE it with the system knowledge already acquired | Knowledge reuse
______________ can be helpful for eliciting non-functional requirements related to usability, performance, and costs. | Data Collection
________ shows aspects related to software functionalities. | A functional prototypes
_________________. These are statements that can not be satisfied when taken together; their logical conjunction evaluates to false in all circumstances. | Strong conflict
The following sample statement is a ________ statement. The staff's viewpoint in our library system might state, 'a borrower should return a borrowed book copy within two weeks'. A stakeholder having the borrower's viewpoint might state, 'a borrower should keep a borrowed book copy as long as he or she needs it'. | Weak conflict or divergence
Actigrams (Datagrams) declare activities (data) by their input/output data (producing/consuming activities) and interconnect them through data (___________) dependency links. | Control
In Figure 4.9, “DetermineSchedule - <<include>> - ResolveConflicts” means: | ResolveConflicts is a ‘sub-operation’ of DetermineSchedule.
In Figure 4.9, “DenyRequest - <<extend>> - AskConstraints” means: | DenyRequest is an alternative operation of AskConstraints, when the condition named Unauthorized holds.
Which of the following are differences of problem diagram comparing with context diagram? | All except Shared phenomena
A_______ diagram can be further detailed by indicating explicitly which component controls a shared phenomena, which component constitutes the machine needs to be built, and which components are affected by which requirements. | Problem
Alternative goal refinements yield different system proposals (______) | variants
"railway tracks are in good conditions" is an example of: | domain hypotheses
We select stakeholder base on their | All
An agent _______ an operation if the applications of this operation are activated by instances of this agent | performs
In requirement inspections, the inspector should be | all of the others
What are benefits of generalization-based structuring? | (All 3) Common features, Increased modifiability, Generalized objects
What are the correct statements about use cases? | operationalize the leaf goals - agent - perform
Which of the followings about Context diagrams are true? | system components - dynamic interactions
Which of the following statements about goal model are true? | All
Agent models show _______ view of the system being modeled | responsibility
Inspectors should be... | all of the others
Which of the followings belong to the ambiguity defect in requirement document (RD)? | allowing a problem world - different ways
Risk management is an iteration of risk identification, _____ and control. | assessment
AND/OR graph shows how goal nodes _____ to each other | contribute
AND-refinement of obstacle O should be | Disjoint
What does Goal weakening mean? | Weaken the obstructed goal's formulation
Enforce target condition What does Goal restoration mean? | Enforce target condition
Which of the following statements belong to Week mitigations countermeasure? | New goal ensures weaker version
What is a risk? | Uncertain factor - may result
Risk analysis cannot be anchored on goal models | False
The Poor risk management is a major cause of software failure | True
Which of the following statements do not belong to heuristic rules of building goal models? | Merge responsibilities, Analyze the current
What "does AND-refinements should be minimal" mean? | Gj is missing
What "does AND-refinements should be consistent" mean? | may not contradict each other
Which of the following statement about Goal Model are true? | model systems conceptual objects
What are the leaf nodes? | single system agents
A goal model includes | AND, OR
Which of the following statements belong to soft goals are true? | Can be satisfied in clear-cut sense
Getting complete refinements of behavioral goals is essential for requirements completeness | True
A goal model shows contribution links and leaf goal assignments | True
The view that covers the WHY dimension of RE is provided by a goal model? | True
AND-refinements should also be consistent and maximal | False
Which of the following statements about behavioral goals are true? | Cannot be satisfied, Prescribe intended, Used for building
Which of the following statements belong to Lower-level goals? | Reminder issued, Acceleration
Which of the following statements belong to Higher-level goals? | state of the art, 50%
What are types of Agents? | The domain
What is a system agent? | active system component - goal satisfaction
What are goal categories? | Functional goals, Non-functional goals
What are types of goals? | Behavioral goals, Soft goals
What is the goal? | Prescriptive statement - system should satisfy - agents
Goals are prescriptive statements of intent the system should satisfy through cooperation of its agent | True
Which of the followings belong to the techniques for traceability management? | Cross referencing, Feature diagrams, Traceability matrices
What are the phases of change control process? | Change anticipation
The cost - benefit analysis should control output parameters from those input parameters, according to the weight assigned to traceability management. These output parameters include | All 3
Which is the first stage of change control process? | Change initiation
Which of the following statements belong to revisions? | correct or improve
Which of the following statements belong to variants? | made to adapt
Variants result from evolution over time, whereas revisions result from evolution across product families | False
Requirement changes tend to be forgotten during the evolution | True
Revisions and variants define a two-dimensional space for defining product evolutions, rather than two separate tracks. | True
Which of the following belong to phase of requirement inspection process? | Requirement documentation
Which of the following belong to Quality-specific checklists? | specialize generic - quality-specific
Which of the following belong to Defect-base checklists? | lists of questions - find a requirements
Which of the following statements belong to Checklist Based Mode of Individual Reviewing? | given a list - defect search
Which of the following statements belong to Requirements Validation by Specification Animation? | All
Which of the following statements belong to Free Mode of Individual Reviewing? | no directive - what type
The main purpose of requirements validation is to check the adequacy of requirements and assumptions | True
Formal Verification should not be used to reveal ambiguous and immeasurable RD items during specification formalization | False
Language-based checklist specialize the defect-based ones to the specific construct of the structured, semi-formal or formal specification language used in the requirements document | True
Requirements quality assurance is not a major concern in view of the diversity of potential defects in the requirements document | False
The structure of RD should make it easy to | Understand the software structure
According to IEEE standard template for organizing the RD, which of the followings belong to Specific Requirements? | User characteristics
What are the generic components in a frame diagram? | A Resultant component
According to IEEE standard template for organizing the RD, which of the followings belong to General Description? | External interface requirements
Which of the following statements belong to Use case diagram? | outlining
Which of the following statements belong to Class diagram? | structural, entity-relationship
Which of the following statements belong to Sequence diagram? | interaction scenarios
What is the third phase of RE process? | specification
SADT diagrams capture activities and data in the system | True
Use case diagrams are used to complement such a view through interaction scenarios. | False
Free documentation in unrestricted natural language has no limitation in term of expressive and communicability | True
A context diagram is a simple graph where nodes represent system components and edges represent connections through shared phenomena declared by the labels | True
Which of the followings belong to Terminology clash? | Same concept named differently
Which of the followings belong to Structure clash? | Same concept structured differently
Which of the followings belong to Designation clash? | Same name - different concepts
Which of the following tactics belong to risk reduction tactics? | Resolve risk
What are the phrases of RE risk management? | identification , assessment, control
What are the goals of risk assessment? | likehood, severity, likehood
What are the phrases of managing conflicts process? | Resolves conflicts
List types of RE risk? | Architecture-related
Which of following are types of inconsistency in RE? | Grammar class (Terminology, Structure, Designation)
Inconsistencies are highly rare in RE | True
Process-related risks are negative impacts on functional or non-functional objectives of the systems | False
The Weak, Strong conflicts are more difficult to handle than... | True
A risk is an uncertain factor whose occurrence may result in loss of satisfaction of a corresponding objective | True
Poor risk management is a major cause of software failure | True
We need to acquire the contextual knowledge under which the system-to-be will be elaborated. This ... | system-as-is, organization, domain
What is the goal of Card sorts & repertory grids? | further into - already elicited
What is the goal of Prototypes & mock-up? | adequacy - reduced sketch
Which of the following statements about weighing questions is true? | express the perceived importance
Which of the following techniques belongs to stakeholder-driven elicitation techniques? | Observation, Group, Interviews
All of the following actions belong to Domain understanding and Requirement elicitation expect | Understand the system-to-be
In passive mode of storyboard, stakeholders contribute to the story. The storyboard is used for explanation validation | True
In active mode of storyboard, stakeholders contribute to the story. The storyboard is used for joint exploration | True
The prototype process is iterative | True
What are the activities producing the requirements on a software-intensive system? | Elicitation, Specification, Evaluation, Evolution
Which of the following belong to scope of RE? | Who, Why, What
Which of the following statements belong to WHY dimension? | Identify, analyze, refine
Which of the following statements belong to WHAT dimension? | Identify& define
Which of the followings statements belong to WHO dimension? | Assign responsibilities
To make sure a software solution "correctly" solves some real-world problem, we must first fully understand and define | The context, What problem
Which of the followings belong Assumption statements? | to be satisfied - software-to-be
What is requirement engineering | Set of activities producing the requirements on a software-intensive system
Which of following belong to System requirement statements? | Prescriptive - environment phenomena
Why do we need models for RE? | Provides, Support, Basis, Focus
RE is concerned with world and machine phenomena | False
RE deliverable is requirements document for system-to-be | True
Software quality assurance is a key concern for Requirement quality assurance | False
Requirement engineering is the first phase in software lifecycle? | True
What are the generic components in a frame diagram | A biddable/A resultant/A causal component
To check the Noises defects in requirements of Mine Safety Control system we should use which of the following question | Any other statement/Is this relevant/Does the negation/Would any change
What are the correct statements from the list bellow | Sequence diagrams/A business-level sequence diagram/During the design phase
Select the correct statements | Use case diagrams are /Free documentation in unrestricted
Goals are ____ statements of intent the system should satisfy through cooperation of its agents | Prescriptive
The requirements of any software system must say: _____ a new system is needed, based on current or foreseen conditions, _____ system features will satisfy this context, _____ the system is to be constructed | how; what; why
Inspectors should be... | independent from RD authors/representative of all stakeholders
List the entities of Ticket Booking system | customer/staff/admin/room
Which of the following statements about goal model are true? | Refinement trees visualize satisfaction/Goals are recursively refinable
How do we select goal and hypothesis for obstruction | Selecting the root node/Selecting leaf nodes
Select correct statements about soft goals | They can be satisfied/They are used for building/They are used for comparing
How can we identify the risk | Inspection component/Elicitation technique/Risk checklist
______ may reveal information not acquired through background study - typically, descriptions of how things proceed really in practice, personal complaints | Questionnaires
Which of the following techniques belong to Stakeholder-driven elicitation techniques | Group sessions/Observation and ethnographic studies/Examinations
The ____ reasons for a new version of a system must be made explicit in terms of objectives to be satisfied by it | Conceptual
We should refine goals until they can be assignable to single agents as_______ (software agent)_______ (environment agent) | requirement; assumption
Statement typology can be revisited in the presence of goals | software requirement/(prescriptive)/system requirement/(descriptive)
Which of the following statements about Context diagrams are true | We can use a variant of these diagrams to capture agent and their interfaces with each other
Select the agents of Train Control system | door/train/driver
What are the correct statements about use cases | should operationalize the leaf goals/outlines the operations an agent
Which of the followings can be the agents of a system | Software-to-be/people/Legacy-Foreign software/devices
Goals AND-refinements should be ____ | minimal/consistent
The operation model can be used for | Software specifications/Description of environment/Definition of function
Which of the following statements belong to Requirements Validation By Specification Animation | Its purpose to see whether the system-to-be/Its main purpose is to
Which of the following are techniques used for Requirements Quality Assurance? | Formal Verification/Queries on a requirement database
What are benefits of generalization-based structuring? | Increased modifiability/Common features/Generalized objects and
Which of the following statements about risk are true | Risk events refer to specific, certain events that may occur to the detriment or enhancement of the project.
In requirement inspections, the inspector should be | independent from RD authors/representative of all stakeholders
Which of the followings belong to quality requirements | satisfaction requirements
Which of the following statements belong to Requirement Elicitation activity? | This activity consists of discovering candidate requirements and assumptions that will shape the system to be
Select the right statements about risk assessments | Quantitative assessments are finer-grained than qualitative assessments
Which of the following are types of inconsistency in RE? | Strong conflict/Grammar class
Select the incorrect statements from the list bellow | Use case diagrams give a fairly simple overview of an interaction so you have to provide more detail to understand what is involved.
A/An_______ is a prescriptive statement to be enforced by the software-to-be, possibly in cooperation with other system components, and formulated in terms of environmental phenomena | software requirement
Which of the followings belong to Artifact-driven elicitation techniques? | Data collection/Background study/Scenarios, storyboards/Prototypes, mock-ups
Which of followings belong to General Description part in IEEE Std-830 template for organizing the requirement document? | Definitions, acronyms, abbreviations
We select stakeholder base on their | relevant position/exposure to/role in making/type of contributed
Object models show.... | Behavioral view of the system being modeled
List the correct attributes of each risk consequence: a ______: of occurrence if the risk occurs a ______: degree of loss of satisfaction of objective | likelihood; severity
When an individual becomes instance of an object, the object's attributes and associations get instantiated as ______ to characterize it | state variables
When should we do the Requirements inspections and reviews? | Before design is underway/After authors are comfortable
What is an Attribute Multiplicity | Min/max number of values/Set of possible attribute values
Which diagrams in the following describe scope of the system? | Context/ Scenario/ Problem/ Frame diagram
Goals can be... Choose one answer | prioritized
Select correct statements about Object instantiation | Every concept in object model must be defined by Def annotation specifying the necessary & sufficient condition for an individual to satisfy InstanceOf (o, Ob)
Why we use of diagrammatic notation in requirement document | To complement natural language prose
What is the correct Domain post condition of OpenDoors operation in Train Control system | The doors of train tr are closed
Which of the following statements belong to goals | Stress conditions of air traffic controllers shall be reduced
Which of the following statement about Inter-view consistency rules are true? | Every data in a flow or repository, Every state in a State Machine
Choose the right heuristics rule for buildingagent diagrams | Select assignments that best contribute, Consider agents whose monitoring/control
Risks are uncertain factors whose occurrence may result in _____ of satisfaction of corresponding objective | loss
Which of the following statements about weighting questions is true? | All of the others
Which of the following object models of the Library System are not correct? | Diagram1, Diagram2
Choose the correct heuristics rules for late discovery of goals | Check the converse, Search for goal-related, Identify wishes, Browse leaves of taxonomies
What is the first step of model building method for RE? | Build a preliminary goal model illustrated by scenarios
Inspectors should be... | independent from RD authors
Choose the correct statements | Agent is a conceptual object whose, Attribute is a conceptual, Association is an
Which of the following statements about Context diagrams are true? | The nodes in Context , They capture system
Which of the following statements about Goal Model are true? | We can capture potential , Alternative goal refinements
Choose the incorrect answer about Agent | Agent can not link , Agent is not appear , A agent can be both
Choose the correct answer of inter-view consistency rules | Every agent ,Every conceptual item referenced, in object
Consider the following picture. Which one is reflexive associations? | Driving
Which of the following statements belong to soft goals? | All of the others
What diagram that captures all requiredresponses to single stimulus . It is good for visualizing the answer to WHAT IFquestion. | R-net diagram
We can represent agent model by | Both Agent diagram and Context diagram
The requirements of any software system must say: _____ a new system is needed, based on current or foreseen conditions, _____ system features will satisfy this context, _____ the system is to be constructed | why; what; how
List the good stylistic rules for good Natural Language specification | Say what you are going to do before doing it, Never use more than one requirement
________ scenarios illustrate some way of achieving implicit goals | Negative
What is the correct sequence of meta-modeling term for O1, L1, O2, L2, O3, L3, O4, L4 and O5 | Association, Link, Entity, Input, Operation, Performance, Agent, Responsibility, Goal
Select the correct consistency rules between operation models and agent models | every input/output state variable in signature of operation performed by an agent must be monitored/controlled by it in the agent model
When should we do the Requirements inspections and reviews? | Before design is underway/completed
Which of the following statements about State machines are true? | They are sometime called, The initial and final states of the instance
______ are conditions on system for violation of corresponding assertion (generally a goal) | Obstacles
Which of the following statements are true? | Requirement changes tend , Evolution phase triggers
How to Derive the updated object model? | Check the goal-object , Identify tracking associations
Choose the correct heuristics rules for early discovery of goals | All of the others
Choose the correct way that was used to identify theobstacle in the graph below. | By using necessary conditions for obstructed target
Choose the correct answer for Guarded transition vs. state transition | transition-sufficient, guarded condition-neccessary
We should refine goals until they can be assignable to single agents as ... _______ (software agent) _______ (environment agent) | requirement; expectation
What is the last step of DDP (Defect Detection Prevention)? | Elaborate the Effectiveness matrix
____________ is the last step of the goal-oriented method for building multi-view models | Build and analyze the behavior model
Fill into the blanks the correct types of scenarios _____ scenario: one behavior the system should cover _____ scenario: one behavior the system should exclude _____ scenario: everything proceeds as expected _____ scenario: a desired interaction sequence in exception situation (still positive) | Positive; Negative; Normal; Abnormal
Which of the following statements belong to Checklist Based Mode of Individual Reviewing ? | Each inspector is given a specific process to follow for defect search
State variables of the system are the set of state variables of all conceptual objects declared in the ____ model | object
______ result from evolution across product families, whereas ______ result from evolution over time | Variants; revisions
Match the following sentences. A. [if CurrentCondition then] sooner-or-later TargetCondition B.[if CurrentCondition then] always GoodCondition C.[if CurrentCondition then] never BadCondition 1.Achive parttern 2.Avoid parttern 3.Maintain parttern | 1A – 2C – 3B
______ diagrams capture multiple variants of a system family, with their commonalities and variations, within a single graph | None of the others
Which of the following figures about requirement engineering process is true? | Figure1
We build models for requirement engineering (RE) to | Support for understanding, Provides structure
A ____ is an auxiliary operation associated with a state transition. It is applied when the transition fires. | event
Which of the following examples belong to "Weaken conflicting statements" tactic in conflict resolution tactic? | Copy returned within X weeks and then borrowed again
Every agent in ____ model must be responsible for a leaf goal in ____ model | agent; goal
Which of the following can be the criterion for this specification: "The scheduled meeting dates shall be convenient to participants"? | Scheduled dates should fit the diary constraints of at least 90% of invited participants in at least 80% of cases
Which of the following statements about system agent are true? | It must be able to monitor/control , We should focus on
What kind of diagram descrise the behavior of asystem? | Sequence diagram , Activity diagram , Conceptual object diagram
Which of the followings belong Structural consistency of the goal and behaviour models? | Every scenario in the behaviour model must be covered by at least one goal in the goal model
Choose the correct answer for tracibilitymanagement | We always build a, Objectives of RE-specific traceability ,Using list to present tracibility
Which of the following statements about risk management are true? | Risk management is an iteration ,Risk identification is critical and
Select true statements about UML use case diagrams | Generation of use , A use case should operationalize
List the Artifact-driven techniques | Background study
Consider the relation of inadequate domainproperty in A320 braking logic below | Reduce obstacle likelihood by ad-hoc countermeasure
Every state of a state machine in the behavior model must refer to a/an _______ declared as an attribute or association in the object model. | variable
Select incorrect statements | An instance may be member of multiple objects
Agent model can be represented by the following diagrams | agent,dependency,context
select correct statements about soft goals | comparing options to select preferred,they capture
in the behavior model must refer to a | variable
a human agent wishes a goal if | its instances
can be classified as | domain in variants,hypotheses
the scheduled meeting dates shall be convenient to participants | 90% of invited,80% of cases
statements of intent the system should satisfy through cooperation | prescriptive
belongs to artefact-driven elicitation techniques | questionnaires
conceptual objects | agent,event,entity,association
not a step of modeling system-to-be | derive a preliminary object model
stakeholder base on their | all of the
analyze obstacles, threats and conflicts of the system-to-be | all
advantages of inspection and review | the scope,can be even more
are goals assigned to single agent | requirements,expectations
result from changes made to adapt,restrict or extend | variants
under the responsibility of an agent in the agent model must | goal
belong to objectives of train control system | support high-frequencytrains
prototypes & mock-ups to | check requirement
belong to terminology clash | same concept named differently in different
association instances | all
an instance of conceptual object | xi,vi
benefits of generalization-based structuring | all
General description part in IEEE Std-830 | user characteristics
an operation if the applications of this operation are | performs
in the goal model must be operationalized by at least one | requirement
belong to designation clash | same name for different concepts in different statements
list the causes of goal unreliability by agents | all
belong to extra consistency rules between operation and | all
about goals | all
the basic UML syntax for | sequence
about basic features of operations | any system operation has a
statements about use cases | outlines agent, leaf goals
to early discovery of goal we shoud | inten,pres,amelio
reasons for a new version of a system | contextual
are conditions on system for violation of corresponding | obstacles
list the way that state machines complement | all
belong to goal features in model annotations | source,priority,category
advantages of inspection and review | wide scope,blend of checklist
is a prescriptive statement to be enforced by | system requirement
goals and-refinements should be | consistent,minimal
belong to modeling system-to-be | derive the updated,2 cai analyze, update
in the free mode of individual reviewing | the inspector receives no directive
do not belong to the phases of requirement inspection | requirement documentation
obstacles obstruct safety goals | hazard,threat,inaccuracy,misinformation
risk management is an iteration of risk identification | assessment
select the strong assumptions for agility to be successful | functional can be, requirements, project, user, all
like for any object, association instances | all of the other
list true statements about domain conditions | the domain post-condition...output, the domain pre-condition ... input
which of the following statements are true? | the view that covers, if one sub goal, getting complete
what are the three most critical errors of requirement engineering? | contradiction, omission, inadequacy
according to jackson (1995), re is solely concerned with ____ phenomena, including share ones | world
an item is traceable if we can fully figure out... it comes from, ___ it is there___ it will be used for, ___ it will be used | where, why, how, what
list true statements about goal model | goals are recusively refinable
which of the followings belong to structural consistency of the goal and agent mdels | every requirement, every agent, every goal, one of the
what are the two most stable requirements of the followings? | determine meeting date, motify invited participants
how to update the goal model with new goals illustrated by scenarios | identify soft, use goal, instantiate goal
select true statements about UML sequence diagrams | all of the others
what are the strengths of requirements inspections and reviews? | experienced, wide applicability
which of the following statements are true? | goal satis, agent
what is the correct order of the conflict management process? | 3,2,1,4
select the incorrect inter-view consistency rules | every shared, every state, every component, every interaction
requirement documents impacts on which of the following software artifacts? | aceptance, project contract, software, user, project estimations
choose the correct orders of activities in general knowledge reuse processes | 2,1,3
list the types if agents | device, software, human
what are phases of risk management in requirement engineering? | risk assessment, risk identification, risk control
which of the followings belongs to the techniques for traceability management? | traceability, cross, feature
list statement that does not belong to structural consistency of the object and agent models | every state of a state ...
which of the followings do not belong to goal restoration | weaken, consider alternative, introduce, consider ...
a _____ scenario illustrates some inadmissible behavior | positive
what are the advantages of quantitative assessment | finer-grained
a/an ___ of an agent instance is captured by sequence of state transitions for the object attributes and associations that the agent controls | operation
what are stylistic rules for good natural language specification | make sure, say what, identify who
and/or graph show how goal nodes ___ to each other | contribute
requirement engineering is a set of ___ producing the documents on a software intensive system | activities
which of the following diagrams can be used to represent agent model | context diagram, dependency diagram
an agent ___ an operation if the applications of this operation are activated by instances of this agent | performs
which of the following statements are true? | to build ab operationalization diagram, the operation model can be used
which of the followings belong to quality requirements? | satisfaction requirements
which of the followings belong to the free mode of individual review and meeting? | the inspector receives no directive
what are the good stylistic rules for natural language specification? | keep asking, make sure, identify who, say what, motivate
which of the followings belong to artifact-driven eliciation techniques | prototypes, background study, data collection, scenarios
___ risk management is a major cause of software failure | poor
when an individual becomes instance of an object, the object's attributes and associations get instantiated as ___ to characterize it | state variables
what are the phases of change controll process? | change consolidation, change evaluation, change initiation
list of the correct attributes of each risk consquence: a____: of occurrence if the risk occurs a ___: degree of loss of satisfaction of objective | likelihood, severity
which of the followings belong to assumption statements? | statements to be
which of the following statements about sequece diagram are not true? | it is used, it provides a structural
every interaction event in a scenario must label a/an _____ in behavior model | transition
which of the followings are the correct statements? | free documentation in unrestriced natural language has no
which of the following statements belong to soft goals? | the likeihood, ubiquious, cash is
to analyze abstacles, threats and confliects of the system-to-be, we should: | all of the others
which of the following are good diagrams? | diagram3, diagram4
what are the causes of goal unrealizability by agents? | all of the others
select the correct statements about obstacles | hazard obstacles, obstacles are, obstacles analysis
list the appropiate ways to refine scenario? | introduce episodes, agent decomposition
every ____ under the responsibility of an agent in the agent model must appear as a leaf goal in the goal model. | goal
Which is a strong mitigation | A new goal ensures parent of goal when obstructed
Which of the following statements are true | Abstract agents can be … + Responsibility assignment ..
Which of the following statements belong to Checklist Based Mode of Individual Reviewing | The inspector is given a list of question and issues to guide the defect search process
Which of the following belong to phase of requirements inspection process | Individual + Inspection + RD + Defect
Which of the following statement about Goal Model are true | Getting complete + Alternative goal + We can capture
Which of the following figures about a Goal model of Train control system is correct | figure3
Which of the following statements about risk management are true | risk management is + We have to use both
Which of the following statements about Sequence diagram are not true | It is used + it provide + it provide
Which of the followings belong to Structural consistency of the goal and agent models | One of + tat ca Every
Which of the following statements about State machines are true | The initial and final + As in any SM dia
Which of the following figures about Statement typology with goals is true | Figure 1
List the appropriate ways to refine scenario | Agent decomposition + Introduce Episodes
According to IEEE standard template for organizing the RD, which of the followings belong to Specific Requirements | Funtional requirements Design constraints External interface Performance
Which the following are good diagrams | Diagram 3 4 5
Which of the following object models of the Library System are not correct | 1 2
Which of the following statements about basic features of operations are true | Any system operation has a unipue name
Which of the following diagrams can be used to represent Agent Model | Agent Context Dependency
Which of the following statements about system agent are true | we must restrict + It must br able
Which of the following statement are true | Goal satisfaction requires + Agent is an active
What are advantages of Quatitative assessment | Finer-grained than qualitative
Which of the following statement about Inter-view consistence rules are true | Every data in a flow + Every state in + Every shared
What are the phases of change control process | change evaluation + change consolodation+ change intuation
Which of the following belong to Defect-base checklists | There are lists of questions structured
Which of the following figures about Reusing an abstract domain to drive elicitation is true | 2
Which of the following Impact Matrixes of Library Management is true | 4
Which of the following actions belong to Domain understanding and Requirement elicitation | Identify + Discover the real + Explore al
Which of the following statements are true | If one sub goal Gj + Getting complete + The view that convers
Which of the following statements about Context diagrams are true | The nodes in context + We can use a variant
Which of the following statement about Modeling instance behaviors are true | In the case of a negative + It typically + Like any event
Which of the following statement about Object instantiation are true | A set of object + An instance may + Everey concetual
Which of the following statements about use cases are true | A use case should operation the leaf + A use case outlines the operations an agent
How to update the goal model with new goals illustrated by scenarios | Instantiate goal + Use goal + Identify soft
Which of the followings do not belong to Goal Restoration | Consider alter + Consider alternative + Weaken the obstructed + Introduce new goal
What make knowledge acquisition from stakeholders difficult | difficult access + distributed + diffirent
Which of the following steps belong to Modeling system-to-be | update + Analyze res + Anlyze ob + Derive the updated
Which of the following figures about Conflict Management process is true | 4
Which of the following statements about weighting questions is true | A weighting question provides a list
Which of the following Obstacle diagrams of Train control system is correct | 4
What are the activities producing the requirements on a software-intensive system | Elicitation + Analysis + Evaluation +Evolution
Which of the followings belong to Assumption statements | Statements to be satisfied by the enviro
Which of the following statements are true | The operation model + To build an operationalization + Goal refunement
How to Derive the updated object model | Use goal contribution + Check the goal-object
Which of the following belong Structural consistence of the goal and behavior models | Every senario in the bahaviour
Which of the followign statements are not true | The main purpose of requirements + Language-based
Which of the following belong to the techniques for traceability management | Traceabiluty matres + Feature diagrams + Cross
Which of the following figures about requirement engineering process is true | 2
Which of the following belong to Structural consistence of the goal and object models | Every goal in the goad + Every conceptual + For every object
Which of the following statements are true | Revidion and variants + Evolution + Requiremnt changes
the structure of RD should make it easy to | Trace items back to/follow denpendency/retrieve and analyze its items
Which of the following statements belong to Use case diagram | It is used for outlining an operational view
what are the generic components in a frame diagram | a lexical/a biddable/a causal component
What does SADT stands for | Structured Analysis and Design Technique
which of the following belongs to Inter-view consistency rules | all
Which is a strong mitigation? | parent of goal when obstructed
Which of the following statements are true | an agent is said to monitor
which of the following statements belongs to Checklist Based Mode of Individual reviewing | is given a list of question and issues
which of the following statement about Goal Model are true | Getting,alternative,we can capture
which of the followings figures about a Goals model of Train control system is correct | 3
which of the following statements about risk management are true | Risk management,we have to use
which of the following statements about sequence diagram are not true | it is used,2 it provide
which of the following belong to Structural consistency of the goal and agent models | One of,Every goal,every agent,every requirement
which of the following statements about State machines are true | as in any SM diagram
which of the following figures about statement typology with goals is true | 2
List the appropriate ways to refine scenario | agent decomposition,Introduce episodes
According to IEEE standard template for organizing the RD, which of the following belong to Specific requirements | functional,design,external,performance
which of the following are good diagrams | 4,2,3
which of the following object models of the library system are not correct | 3
which of the following statements about basic features of operations are true | all of the others
which of the following diagrams can be used to represent agent model | agent,context,dependency
which of the following statements about system agen are true | we must restrict, it must be able to
which of the following statement are true | agents are key, Goal,agent is an active
what are the advantages of quantitative assessment | finer-grained than
which of the following statement about inter-view consistency rules are true | every data,every state
What are the phases of change control process | change evaluation,change consolidation,change intiation
which of the following belong to defect-base checklists | There are lists of question
which of the following figures about reusing an abstract domain to drive elicitation is true | 2
which of the following impact matrixes of library management is true | 4
which of the following actions belong to domain understanding and requirement elicitation | identify,discover,explore
which of the following statements are true | if one sub,getting complete,the view that
which of the following statements about context diagrams are true | the nodes,they capture
which of the following statements about modeling instance behaviors are true | an interaction, it tyically
which of the following statements about object instantiation are true | a set of,an instance, every conceptual
which of the following statements about use cases are true | the leaf goals,an agent has to
how to update the goal model with new goals illustrated by scenarios | identify,use goal,indentify soft
which of the following do not belong to goal restoration | consider alternative,enforece target
what make knowledge acquisition from stakeholders difficult | difficult, distributed,different
which of the following steps belong to modeling system-to-be | update the goal,derive the update, analyze responsibilities
which of the following figures about conflict management process is true | 4
which of the following statements about weighting question is true | provides a list of statements that need
which of the following obstacle diagram of train control system is correct | 4
what are activities producing the requirements on a software-intensive system | eliciation,analysis,evaluation,evolution
which of the followings belong to assumption statements | statements to be satisfied by the
which of the following statements are true | the operation,to build an,goal refinement
how to derive the updated object model | use goal, check the goal
which of the followings belong structural consistency of the goal and behaviour models | every scenario in the behaviour
which of the following statements are not true | use case diagram,SADT diagrams
which of the following statements are true | the main purpose,language-based checklist
which of the following belong to the techniques for traceability management | Traceability,feature,cross
RE is only concerned with machine phenomena | false
which of the following figures about requirement engineering process is true | 2
which of the following belong to structural consistency of the goal and object models | every goal,every conceptual,for every object
which of the following statements are true | revisions,evolution,requirement
Requirement engineering is the first phase in software lifecycle | true
which of the following statements belong to why dimension | identify,analyze,refine the system-to-be
to make sure a software solution"correctly"  solves some real-word problem, we must first fully understand and define | all of the others
which of the following belong to system requirement statement | prescriptive statement referring to environment
which of the following belong to assumption statement | statement to be satisfied by the environment
which of the following statements belong to who dimension | Assign responsibilities
which of the following belong to scope of RE | who,what,why
why do we need models for RE | provides,basis,focus,support
the prototype process is irerative | true
artifact-driven techniques rely more on specific types of interaction with stakeholders | false
according to performance requirements classes in a reusable catalogue, which of the following belong to space | scondary,main memory
what is te first phase of RE process | domain understanding
according to performance requirement classes in a reusable catalogue, which of the following belong to time | throughput,respone time
which of the following statements about software prototypes are true | it is quick,there are, its aim
all of the following actions belong to domain understanding and requirement elicitation except | understand the system-to-be and its context
what is the goal of prototypes & mock-ups | check requirement adenquacy from direct user feedback
what is the goal of card sorts & repertory gird | acquire further info about
we need to acquire the contextual knowledge under which the system-to-be will be elaborated. this knowledge generally covers the following | all of the others
inconsistencies are highly rare in RE | false
a risk in a uncertain factor whose occurrence may result in loss of satisfactor of a corresponding objective | true
what are the phase of RE risk management | control,identification,assessment
which of the following belong to terminology clash | same concept named differently
what are last phase of RE risk management | risk control
which of the following are types of inconsistency in RE | designation,Strong,structure,terminology
which is the last stage of managing conflict process | evaluate resolutions, select preferred
list types of RE risk | Process-related,product-ralated
what are the goals of risk assessment | all of the others
which of the following tactics belong to risk reduction tactics | reduce risk,avoid,reducr consequence,mitigate risk
a goal model shows contribution links and leafgoal assignments | true
and-refinements should also be consistent and maximal | false
a goal model includes: | or-refinement, and-refinement
what "does and-refinements should be consistent" mean? | sub goals g1, ..., gn and ... may not
what "does and-refinements should be minimal" mean? | if one sub goal,.... no longer ...
which of the following belong to heuristic rules of building goal models? | search for goal-related ...
which of the following statements don't belong to heuristic rules of building goal models? | analyze the current, merge responsibilities
what are the leaf nodes? | goals assignable to single system agents
which of the following statements about refinements are true? | all of the others
goals are key abstraction for driving the re process? | true
which of the following statements belong to lower-level goals | acceleration, reminder issued by end of loan
which of the following statements about the distinction between goals & domain properties is not true? | only domain properties are required
what are types of goals? | behavioral goals, soft goals
which if the following statements about vehavioral goals are true? | used for building, prescribe intended
what are types of agents? | device, human, software
what is the goal? | precriptive statement of
which of the following statements belong to behavioral goals? | precribe intended, used for building, can be satisfied
Language-based checklist specialize the detect-based ones to the specific construct of the structure,semi-formal | True
Formal Verification should not be used to reveal ambiguos and ummeasureable RD items during specification formalization | false
which of the following belong to phase of requirements inspection process | inspection planning/RD consolidation/defect evaluation/individual reviewing
what is the last stage of the requirements inspection process | RD consolidation
which of the following are techniques used for Requirements Quality Assurance | Formal/Animation-base/inspections/queries on a requirement database
what is the first stage of the requirements inspection process | Inspection planning
all of the followings are techniques used for Requirement Quality Assurance except | Interviews
which of the following statements belong to checklist Based Mode of individual reviewing | the inspection is given a list of questions and inssues
which of the following statements belong to Requirements Validation by Specification Animation | all
which of the following belong to Quality-specific checklists | Such checklists specialize defect-based.....construct of structured
A/An_____of an agent instance is captured by sequence of state transitions for the object atttributes and associations that the agent controls | operation
what are stylistic rules for good natural language specification | make sure,say what,identify who
AND/OR graph shows how goal nodes____to each other | contribute
Requirement engineering is a set of______producing the documents on a software-internsive system | activities
which of the following diagrams can be used to represent agent model | context,agent,dependency
An agent____ a operation if the applications of this operation are activated by instances of this agent | performs
which of the following statements are true | to build an, the operation model
which of the followings belong to quality requirements | satisfaction
which of the followings belong to the free mode of individual review and meeting | no directive on what
which of the followings belong to artifact-driven elicitation techniques | prototypes,background,data,scenarios
which of the following belong to phase of requirements inspection process | RD,Defect,inspection,individual
___risk management is a major cause of software failure | poor
when an individual becomes instance of an object, the object's attributes and associations get instantiated as___to characterize it | state variables
what are the phases of change control process | consolidation, evaluation,intiation,prevention
what make knowledge acquisition from stakeholders difficult | different,difficult,distributed
List the correct attributes of each risk consequence: a_____: of occurrence if the risk occurs a_____:degree of loss of satisfaction of object | likehood,severity
which of the followings belong toassumption statements | to be satisfied by the environment
which of the following statements about sequence diagram are not true | it is used to,a structural
every interaction event in a scenario mus label a/an____in behavior model | transition
which of the followings are the correct statements | Free documentation
which of the following statements belong to soft goals | the likehood,ubiquious, deliverd in multiples
to analyze obstacles, threats and conflict of the system-to-be,we should | all of the others
which of the following are good diagrams | 3,4
what are the cause of goal unrealizability by agents | all of the others
Select the correct statements about obstacles | hazard, obstacles are,obstacles analysis
list the appropriate ways to refine scenario | introduce episodes,decompostion
Every_____under the responsibility of an agent in the agent model must appear as a leaf goal model | goal
which is a strong miltigation? | A new goal ensures parent of goal when obstructed
Which of the following statements belong to Checklist based mode of individual reviewing | the inspector is given a list
Which of the following belong to phase of requirements inspection process? | individual, inspection,RD,defect
Which of the following statement about Goal Model are true? | getting, alternative, we can
Which of the following figures about a goal model of train control system is correct? | figure 3
Which of the following statements about risk management are true? | risk management, we have to
Which of the following statements about Sequence diagram are not true? | It is used, 2 X It is provide
Which of the following belong to Structural consistency of the goal and agent models? | One of, 3X every
Which of the following statements about statement machines are true? | The initial and final
Which of the following figures about statement typology with goals is true? | figure 2
List the approciate ways to refine scenario? | agent decomposition, introduce episodes
According to iEEE standard template for organizing the RD, whichof the following belong to Specific Requirements | functional, design, external, performance
Which of the following object models of the library system are not correct | 3
which of the following statements about basic features of operations are true? | All
which of the following diagrams can be used to represent agent model? | agent, context, dependecy
which of the following statements about system agent are true? | we must, it must
agents are key abstraction for driving the RE process | agent are, agent is, goal satis
What are advantage of quantitives assessment? | finer-grained
which of the following statement about inter-view consistency rules are true? | every data, every state
what are the phases of change control process? | evaluation,consolidation, initiation
which of the following belong to defect-base checklists? | there are lists
which of the following figures about reusing an abstract domain to drive elicitation is true? | 2
which of the following actions belong to domain understanding and requirement elicitation? | identify, discover,explore
If one sub goal Gj is missing, the parent is no longer necessarily satisfied | ngoai tru cau And-refine
which of the following statements about context diagrams are true? | the nodes, they capture
which of the following statements about modeling instance behaviors are true? | an inter, It typically
which of the following statement about +Object instantiation are true? | a set,an instance,every
which of the following statements about use case are true? | leaf goals,an agent has to performance
How to update the goal model with new goals illustrated by scenarios? | identify wishes, use goal,identify soft goals
which of the following do not belong to goal restoration? | consider alternative, enforce target
What make knowledge acquisition from stakeholders difficult? | difficult,distributed, different
which of the following steps belong to modeling system-to-be? | update, analyze respon,derive the update
which of the following figures about conflict management process is true? | 4
which of the following statements about weightling questions is true? | Cau dai nhat
What are the activities producing the requirements on a software-intensive system? | elicitation,analysis,evaluation,evolution
which of the followings belong to assumption statements? | statements to be satisfied by
To build an operationalization diagram | Bo cau "a use case"
How to derive the updated object model? | use goal, check the goal
which of the followings belong structural consistency of the goal and behaviour models? | every scenario
Use case diagrams are used to complement such a view through interaction scenarios | use case, SADT
The main purpose of requirements validation is to check the adequacy | the main, language base
which of the followings belong to techniques for traceability management? | traceability, feature, cross
Which of the following figures about requirement engineering process is true? | 2
which of the followings belong to structural consistency of the goal and object models? | every goal,every concep,for every
Requirement changes tend to be forgotten during the evolution | revisions, evolution,requirement
Conceptual object can be enumerated in only one system state | false
an instance may migrate from one object to another | true
what is an attribute multiplicity? | min/max
which of the following is a good context diagram? | 2
Which of the following are good cass diagrams? | 2 4
Which of the following statements about object models are true? | roughly, structural, represented
what are benefits of generalization-based structuring? | all
class diagrams at conceptual level should include: | attributes only
Which of the following statements about the diagram below are true? | a train is.., a block may....
Abstract agents can be refined? | true
an agent is said to monitor (or control) an object when the object monitors (or controls) all the agent's attributes and associations | false
which are true statements about agent capabilities? | when an..,they are defined
Which of the following statement about Meeting scheduling system are true? | meetings should be scheduled as quickly
a goal turns to be unrealizable by an agent if and only if one of the following criteria holds? | all
Which of the following statements about agents are true? | "they can run",they are assigned
which of the following are good heuristics for responsibility assignment? | "a favor",identify,select
goals are declarative | true
Which of the following statements about modeling instance behaviors are true? | the scenario,the interacting,in the case
a global system behavior is obtained by parallel composition of classes' behaviors | a global, a guard captures a necessary
Which of the following statements about guarded transitions is true? | all
Which of the following statements about statement machines are not true? | none
Which of the following statements about actionsof state machines are true? | auxiliary.., it is applied
to support structural consistency of the goal and object models, every goal in the goal model must concern at least one object in the object model | true
Which of the followings belong to structural consistency of the goal and agent models? | Loai cau "for every"
Which of the followings belong to structural consistency of the goal of the goal and operation models? | every operation.., every requirement..
Which of the followings belong to structural consistency of the goal, agent and operation models | 2 cau If an agent
What are meta models that can be used for view intergration? | all
Which of the followings belon to Structural consistency of the goal, object and agent models | if an object is referred
Which of the followings belong to Structural consistency of the goal, agent and behavior models | every parallel
Which of the followings belong to Structural consistency of the goal and agent models? | Loai tru cau "For every object"
We can use only use case diagram to show operational view of the system | fase
Goal refinement followed by operationalization is preferale to operation refinement, as it preserves goal traceability and supports simpler satisfaction agruments | true
which are true statements about agent non-determinism? | eager, lazy
Which of the following statements to identify operations from interaction scenarios? | all
Which of the following statements about UML use case diagrams is true? | a use case should...,generation
Which of the following statements belong to extra consistency rules between operation and agent models? | all
Which of the following statements about basic features of operations are true? | any system operation has a unique name
Which of the following statements is true? | a leaf goal
Which of the following statements about operations are true? | operation op..., operation application
select the strong assumptions for agility to be successful | Loai cau "functional aspects"
like for any object, association instances... | all
list true statements about domain conditions | post...output, pre...input
Which of the following statements ar true? | Loai cau "and-refinements"
What are three most critical errors of requirement engineering? | contradiction, omission, inadequacy
according to Jackson (1995), RE is solely concerned with ____ phenomena, including shared ones | world
an item is traceable if we can fully figure out.. | where, why, how, what
list true statements about goal model | goals are recursively refineable
what are the two most stable requirements of the following? | determine meeting location, date, notify invited participants
How to update goal model with new goals illustrated by scenarios? | identify soft goals / use goal refinement / instantiate goal cateogries
select the true statements about UML sequence diagrams | all
What are the strengths of requirements inspections and reviews? | experienced to be.. / wide
Agent is an active sytem component that is responsible for goal satisfaction | goal satisfaction... / agent is an....
What is the correct order of th conflict management process? | identify, detect, generate, evaluate
select the incorrect inter-view consistency rules | Loai tru cau "every dara in a flow.."
Requirement documents impacts on which of the following software artifacts? | Loai tru cau "All software artifacts"
Choose the correct orders of activities in general knowledge reuse processes | retrieve , transpose, validate
List the types of agents | device, sofware, human
what are phases of risk management in requirement engineering? | assessment, identification, control
Which of the followings belong to the techniques for traceability management? | traceability, cross, feature
List the statement that does not belong to Structural consistency of the object and agent models | Every state of a state machine
Which of the followings do not belong to goal restoration? | Loai tru cau "enforce"
A ____ scenario illustrates some inadmissible behavior | positive
WHat are the advantages of quantitatives assessment? | finer-grained
An expectation is a goal assigned to a single agent of the . | enviroment
Which one is the “domain-completeness” condition for OR-refinement of obstacle O into alternative sub-obstacles Oi: | {not O1, not O2, ..., not On, Dom} | = not O
A/an _______ is a discrete set of instances of a domain-specific concept that are manipulated by the modelled system | Conceptual object
Which of the following conditions is NOT a statement about an obstacle to an assertion need to meet | {not O1}
Which of the following is NOT a strength of group sessions technique? | to get contextualization of information
______ techniques reply more on specific types of artifacts to support the elicitation process | Artefact-driven
Which of the following is NOT a stage of requirement engineering process? | Requirement traceability
The following are obstacles to effective knowledge acquisition from stakeholders, EXCEPT? | interacting with stakeholders
Requirements engineering is | involved in developing system requirements
Which of the following is NOT a stakeholder-driven elicitation techniques? | interview
Components pertaining to the machine's surrounding world will form | enviroment of software-to-be
The target of ______ is a set of low-risks, conflict-free requirements and assumptions that stakeholders agree on | requirements validation
Which of the following items is NOT a step of value-cost prioritization process? | build comparision matrix
The following criteria are used for selecting sample stakeholders, EXCEPT? | ability of creating prototypes for system-to-be
In a ______ project, a software solution is developed to address the actual needs of one specific customer in the context of one specific organization | customer-driven
Which of the following items is NOT a step in the process of risk management with DDP for RE? | quantitative reasoning for evaluating options
Which of the following can be helpful for eliciting non-functional requirements related to usability, performance, and costs? | data collection
______ addresses the assignment of responsibilities for achieving the objectives, services, and constraints among te components of the system-to-be | the WHO dimension
Which of the following is a skill required for interacting with stakeholders? | knowledge reformulation
Which of the following are NOT exploring risk countermeasures techniques? | reusing
Which of the following is not a concept-driven acquisition technique? | interview
Which of the following items is not a type of inconsistency of requirements? | inconsistency management
______ refer to "the contextual reasons for a new version of a system must be made explicit in terms of objectives" to be satisfied by" | the why dimension
Which of the following is used to explore how the system-as-is is running? | card sort & repertory grid
assumed that risk (r) only causes one consequence (c). 0,7 5 0.5 | 3.50
Give evaluation criteria (NFRs) of scheduling Meeting program to quantitative reasoning for evaluation options as below. | 0.55
______ state properties about the system that hold regardless of how the system behaves. Such properties hold typically because of some natural law or physical constraint. | Descriptive
______. These are statements tat cannot be satisfield when taken together, their logical conjunction evaluates to false in all circumstances. | strong conflict
______ state desirable properties about the system that may hold or not depending on how system behaves | prescriptive statements
______ shows static and dynamic aspects of user-software interaction. | a user interface prototypes
the goals of ______ is to reduce high-exposure risks through countermeasures. | risk control
The goals of risk assessments is to assess likelihood of risks, ______. lilelihood of consequences, to control high-priority risks. | risk severity
The following statement is an example of _______. the same book copy cannot be borrowed by two different people at the same time. | Prescriptive statement
which of the following captures the activities and data in the system (system-to-be or system-as-is), these diagrams allow these activities and data to be documented in a graphical way? | SADT diagrams
Because the requirements errors are the most expensive, numerous and persistent software errors, so "requirements inspection & review process" should be applied as soon as possible | FALSE
Which of the following specifies all the operations that a system component is required to perform, possibly under a particular condition, in response to a particular input stimulus? | R-net
figure 4.10 | controlled/monitored
Unlike domain properties and ______, goals may be refined, negotiated, assigned as responsibilities to agents and transformed in case of conflict or overexposure to risks | hypotheses
Requirements inspection process uses _______ guidelines to make it more effective in finding defects. | what-who-when-where
______ are used as criteria for selecting system options among multiple alternatives | Soft goals
______ specialize the defect-based ones to the specific constructs of the structured, semi-format or formal specification language used in the requirement document | language based
which of following activities should not be done in the phase "defect evaluation at review meetings" of "requirements inspection & review process"? | each inspector
which of the following is a sufficient condition on the operation's input states to ensure a goal when domain pre-condition is true, operation must be applied as soon as it is true? | Required trigger condition
Goal obstruction propagates ____ along goal AND-refinement trees | bottom-up
Sub obstacles (A)/(B) in the figure 9.9 should be | Reverse ThurstEnabled And Not
which of the following is a necessary condition on the opearation's input states to ensure a goal when domain pre-condition is true, operation may be applied only is this condition is true? | Required pre-condition
which of the following is a condition on the operation's output states to ensure a goal? this condition captures an additional effect that the operation must have specifically to ensure a goal | Required post-condition
which is the type of the new version w create it by adding new functionalities to the system? | all
What does Machine mean? | hardware implementation platform
Agent model can be represented by the following diagrams | Dependency diagram/Context diagram/Agent diagram
_________ should be used to reveal ambiguous and immeasurable RD items during specification formalization. | Language-based checklist
Select correct statements about Mine Safety Control system | The mine/Each sump/A software-based
Which of the following requirements is the least stable requirement Meeting Scheduling System? | Determine meeting date
Which of the following statements belong to domain invariant? | "All train doors shall be kept closed at any time when the train is moving"
What are the advantages of inspection and review? | Can be even more effective than code inspection
We use Prototypes & mock-ups to | Check requirement adequacy from direct user feedback
Each risk consequence has ... a ______: of occurrence if the risk occurs a ______: degree of loss of satisfaction of objective | likelihood; hazard
Select the right description of State Machine diagram | Depicts objects and their relationships at a point in time
What are the advantages of observation and ethnographic studies? | The responses are gathered in a standardized way
Goals are ____ statements of intent the system should satisfy through cooperation of its agents | Descriptive
AND-refinement of obstacle O should be ... _______: {subO1,..., subOn, Dom } | complete; consistent; minimal
What is the version type of the following casual factor "Environment change: new class of users or new usage condition " ? | Revision
An item is traceable if we can fully figure out | All of the others
List the correct statements about Object instantiation ? | A set of/Every conceptual/An instance may migrate
Which of the following statements about Train Control System belong to domain hypotheses? | all of the others
Arity of association is the number of objects linked by it _____ associations:	arity = 2 _____ associations: arity > 2 | Binary; N-ary
______ statements state desirable properties holding or not depending on how the system behaves (optative mood) | Prescriptive
Which is the DomPost of operation OpenDoors in Train Control system? | The speed of train tr is 0
Which of the following statements belong to Higher-level goals? | Increase of/Effective access
Select the correct orders of activities in general knowledge reuse processes 1. TRANSPOSE it to the target system | 1; 2; 3
Which of the followings do not belong to Goal Restoration? | Consider alternative/Weaken the/Introduce new/Consider alternative responsibilities
In behavior model, a scenario captures | Explicit states, implicit event
Which of the followings do not belong to stylistic rules for good natural language specification? | Make sure every concept is defined before use
Select the correct statement | Questionnaires are Both questionnaires Interviews are more objective than questionnaires.
Which of the following belong to Causes of goal unrealizability? | All of the others
Which of the following statements belong to domain hypotheses? | "A book without any copy available
Which of the following requirements is the most stable requirement of Meeting Scheduling System? | Determine meeting location
Which of the following statements belong to objectives of Train Control system? | support high-frequency trains between terminals
For software product line development projects, we need to ________ rather than making selections | keep alternative options
Choose the correct statements of Statechart | All of the others
Select the correct statements | Free documentation in unrestricted natural language has no limitation in term of expressive and communicability
An agent _____ an operation if the applications of this operation are activated by instances of this agent | wishes
What is a state of an instance of conceptual object? | Tuple of functional pairs xi
Risk management is an iteration of risk identification, _____ and control. | evaluation
Select the correct statement about Fagan inspection | Fagan inspection the inspection process
Select true statements about basic features of operations | It must have a precise definition in terms of phenomena owned
Which of the following statements belong to Requirements Validation By Specification Animation? | Its purpose to see whether the system-to-be as specified
An ________ of goal G into subgoals G1, ..., Gn states that G can be satisfied by satisfying G1, ..., Gn. The set {G1, ..., Gn} is called _____ of G. Subgoal Gi is said to ______ positively to G | AND-refinement; refinement; contribute
Select the good Fit Criteration for the following statement: "The scheduled meeting dates shall be convenient to participants" | Scheduled dates should fit the diary constraints
Select the right description of Class diagram | Depicts objects and their relationships at a point in time
A _____ is a container in which model parts are defined and grouped together. Every model part is defined in one and only one 'home' ______, which owns it. | package; package
List the steps that belong to Modeling system-to-be? | Analyze obstacles/Analyze responsibilities
List the statements that belong to Structural consistency of the goal and object models | For every object / Every goal / Every conceptual item
Select the right description of Package diagram | Depicts objects and their relationships
Goals are prescriptive statement of intent the system should satisfy through cooperation of its _____ | agents
Select the statements that belong to domain properties | "A train may be at one platform at most at a time"
_____ result from changes made to adapt, restrict or extend a master version to multiple classes of users or usage conditions | Variants
The nodes in Context diagrams represent ____ system components | active
A/An _______ is represented in UML by a variant of a statechart called state diagram | operation
How to Derive the updated object model? | Check the goal-object / Identify tracking
Choose the correct answer for Guarded transition vs. state transition | When transition event occurs / When guarded condition is true
We should refine goals until they can be assignable to single agents as ... | requirement; expectation
Which of the following statements belong to Checklist Based Mode of Individual Reviewing ? | Each inspector is given a specific process
Match the following sentences. A. [if CurrentCondition then] sooner-or-later TargetCondition B.[if CurrentCondition then] always GoodCondition C.[if CurrentCondition then] never BadCondition | 1A – 2C – 3B
We build models for requirement engineering (RE) to | Support for understanding / Provides structure
Which of the following can be the criterion for this specification: "The scheduled meeting dates shall be convenient to participants"? | Scheduled dates should fit the diary constraints of at least 90%
Which of the following statements about system agent are true? | It must be able to monitor/control / We should focus
What kind of diagram descrise the behavior of asystem? | Sequence diagram /Activity diagram/Conceptual object
Which of the followings belong Structural consistency of the goal and behaviour models? | Every scenario in the behaviour model must be
Choose the correct answer for tracibilitymanagement | We always build a tracebility / Objectives of RE / Using list
Which of the following statements about risk management are true? | Risk management / Risk indentification
Select true statements about UML use case diagrams | Generation of / A use case should
Which of the following statement about Inter-view consistency rules are true? | Every data / Every state
Choose the right heuristics rule for buildingagent diagrams | Select assignments that best / Consider agents
Which of the following object models of the Library System are not correct? | Diagram1 / Diagram2
Choose the correct heuristics rules for late discovery of goals | Check the/Search for/Indentify/Browse
Choose the correct statements | Agent is a conceptual object whose instances have individual behaviors / Attribute is a conceptual object that is shared by any instance of another object. / Association is an instantaneous object link two other objects
Which of the following statements about Context diagrams are true? | The nodes in Context diagrams / They capture system components and their dynamic
Which of the following statements about Goal Model are true? | We can capture / It is used / Alternative goal
Choose the incorrect answer about Agent | Agent can not link / Agent is not appear / A agent can be both
Which of the following statements belong to Requirement Elicitation activity? | This activity consists of studying the system-as-is
Choose the correct answer of inter-view consistency rules | Every agent / Every conceptual item referenced / Every conceptual item in
List the good stylistic rules for good Natural Language specification | Say what you are / Never use more than
When should we do the Requirements inspections and reviews? | Before design is / Before authors are comfortable
Which of the following statements about State machines are true? | They are sometime / The intial and final states
Which of the following statements are true? | Requirement changes / Evolution phase triggers new cycles in the spiral process
Select the stylistic rules for good natural language specifications | Say what you are going to
In requiremant inspections, the inspector should be | All of the others
To have an effective interview we should | All of the others
Which the following statements belong to variants? | Variants result from changes made to adapt
We create a new version of a system by adding new functionalities. Which is the type of the new version? | All of the others
What is the type of following tactic: " Doors may be opened by software-controlled actuators only" ? | Avoid risk
Select correct statements about Object instantiation | All of the others
A agent diagram shows ______ with their capabilities, responsibilities & operations | agents
______ may reveal information not acquired through background study - typically, descriptions of how things proceed really in practive, personal complaints,... | Scenarios
______ are uncertain factors whose occurrence may result in loss of satisfactions of corresponding objective | Risks
Which of the following statements about goal model are true? | All of the others
Which of the followings belong to the ambiguity defect in requirement document (RD)? | RD item allowing a problem world features to be interpreted in different ways
Select correct statements about State Machine model | All of the others
______ cooperation is essential for building a shared understanding of the problems to be addressed by the system-to-be | Stakeholder
______ related errors are the most expensive | Requirements
Which of the followings can be the agents of a system? | All of the others
All of the followings are step of Modeling system-to-be except | Derive a preliminary object model
Which of the following statements about a bank ATM system belong to expectations? | Cash is taken by the cardholder when returned by the ATM
What are types of goals? | Behavioral goals / Soft goals
What are the meta models that can be used for view integration? | the agent meta-model
We can use ______ to represent agent models | dependency / context / agent
We can use ______ methods for risk assessment. | All of the others
______ is at the heart of the RE process as it triggers new cycles in the spiral process | Evolution
There are some models of Individual Reviewing | Free mode; Process-based
______ models are represented by UML class diagram | Object
Which of the following are types of inconsistency in RE? | Designation clash / Terminology/ Structure / Strong conflict
Object models show ... | None of the others
The sequence of interactions defining a ______ is shown in another sequence diagram labeled by the episode name | transition
How to Derive the updated object model? | Indentify generalizations / Indentify tracking
All of the followings belong to Structual consistency of the goal and object models expcept | One of the candidate angents in an OR-assignment to
Which of the following statements about Train Control system belong to the why dimension? | "Serve more passengers / Reduce transfer time
Select incorrect statemants | None of the others
What is the Requirement Trigger (ReqTrig)? | Sufficient condition on Op's input states
We create a new version of a system by fixing the errors. Which is the type of the new version? | Revision
Which of the following statements about Train Control System belong to domain hypotheses? | "railway tracks are in good
Domain properties are often used for arguing about complete refinements. They are classified as | domain invariants; domain hypotheses
Which of the following statements about Agent model are true? | It show who / It shows dependencies / It is used to
what is the last step of model building method for RE? | Build and analyze the behavior model
Which of the following techniques bnelong to Stakeholder-driven elicitation techniques? | Interviews / observation / Group sessions
What are the generic components in a frame diagram? | a biddable component / A causal component / A lexcical
Select correct statements about goals | Agents are active system components that are
The opreation mode can by represented by ... | all of the others
Which of the followings belong to the steps in from scenarios to state machines? | Decorate / Generalize / check, extend
Which of the followings statements belong to goals? | Stress conditions of air traffic
Which of the followings statements belong to domain hypotheses? | Railway tracks are in good conditions
Read the followings paragraph carefully " Full braking shall be activated by any train that receives and outdated accellerations command or that enters a station block at speed higher that X m.p.h. and for which the preceding train is closer than Y yards." Which of the following statements about the above paragraph are true? | It is clear and logical
_________ is the last step of the goal-oriented method for building multi-view models | Build and analyze the behavior model
Select the incorrect statements about goals? | Scenarios do not support and informal, narrative and concrete
Select incorrect statements about Requiremants inspections and reviews | Using good requirements inspections and reviews can have guarantees
Which is the DomPre of operations OpenDoors in Train Control system? | The dorrs of train tr are closed
Which of the following diagrams is used to describe system behaviors? | State machine diagrams
Which of the following are techniques used for Requirements Quality Assurance? | Inspections / Formal / Animation / Queries
The multi-view modeling framework for RE includes a intentional view, capture by a ____ model; a structural view, captured by an _____ model; a respondibility view, captured by an _____ model; a functional view, captured by an _____ model; and a behavioral view, captured by a ______ model together with illustrating scenarios. | goal; object; agent; opreation; state machine
List the entities of Mine safety Control systerm | Sensors
What are types of conceptual object? | Association / Entity / Agent / Event
Which of the following examples belong to "Restore conflicting statements" tactic in conflice resolution tactic? | Copy returned within X weeks and then borrowed again
Which of the following statements about operations are true? | Operation applications / Operation Op () set of
Agent model can be represented by the following diagrams | Dependency / Agent / Context
Risk management is an iterations of risk indentification _____ and control | assessment
Which of following requirements is the most stable requirement of Meeting Scheduling System? | Determine meeting date
Which of the following statements belong to objectives of Train Control system? | supppor high-frequency trains between terminals
The _____ reasons for a new version of a system must be made explicit in terms of objectives to be satisfied by it. | Contextual
Which of the following requirement is the least stable requirement Meeting Scheduling System? | Rule-based conflict resolution
Which of the following statements belong to domain invariant? | "Train doors are either open or closed"
Each risk consequence has ... a ______: of occurrence if the risk occurs a ______: degree of loss of satisfaction of objective | likelihood; severity
Which is the DomPost of operation OpenDoors in Train Control system? | The doors of train tr are open
Which of the following statements about Train Control System belong to domain hypotheses? | "railway tracks are in good conditions"
Arity of association is the number of objects linked by it _____ associations: arity = 2 _____ associations: arity > 2 | Binary; N-ary
For software product line development projects, we need to _____ rether than making slections | choose the best options
Which of the following statements belong to Requirements Validation By Specification Animation? | All of the others
Which of the following statements belong to Goal restoration? | Enforce target condition as
A _____ is a container in which model parts are defined and grouped together. Every model part is define in one and only one "home" ____, which own it. | package;package
All of the following belong to Causes of goal unrealizability by agents except? | None of the others
An _____ of goal G into subgoals G1,..., Gn states that G can be satisfied by satisfying G1,... | AND-refinement;refinement;contribute
Characterize the following operation: Operation OpenDoors | DomPre;DomPost;ReqPre;ReqPre;ReqTrig
List the correct statements about Object instantiation? | An instance / A set of / Every conceptual
Select the correct statement about Fagan inspection | All of the others
Which of the following do not belong to stylistic rules for good natural language specification? | Use "should" for mandatory
_________ should be used to reveal ambiguous and immeasurable RD item during specification formalization | Formal Verification
What is the version type of the following casual factor "Environment change: new class of users or new usage condition"? | Variant
_________ statements state desirable properties holding or not depending on how the system behaves (optative mood) | Prescriptive
Which of the following statements belong to Higher-level goals? | Increase of |  Effective access
AND-refinement of obstacle O should be ... | complete,consistent;minimal
An agent ____ an operation if the applications of this operation are activated by instances of this agent | performs
Select the right description of Package diagram | shows the excution architecture of systems
Which of the followings do not belong to Goal Restoration? | Consider alternative / Weaken / consider / introduce
Select the good Fit Criteration for the following statement: "The scheduled meeting dated shall be convenient to participants" | Scheduled dates should fit the diary constraints
Select correct statements about Mine Safety Control system | The mine will alse / A software-based / Each sump
Goals are prescriptive statement of intent the system should satisfy through coopreation of its ____ | agents
A/An ______ is represented in UML by a variant of a state chart called state diagram | behavior
Select the right desciption of state machine diagram | none of the others
Select the correct statements | use case diagrams are used to / free documentation in
What are the advantages of observation and ethnographic studies? | culture-specific aspects to be
Select the right desciption of Class diagram | Dpicts objects and their relationships
Which of the following statements belong to domain hypotheses? | "Railway tracks are in good
______ result from changes made to adapt, restrict or extend | Variants
An item is traceable if we can fully figure out | all of the others
Select true statements about basic features of operations | Any system operation has a unique name
List the steps that belong to Modeling system-to-be? | update/ derive the / analyze obstacles/ analyze responsibilities
List the way that State machines complement the fragmentary information provided by scenarios | all of the others
Which the following belong to Causes of goal unrealizability? | all of the others
Select the correct statement | Interviews are more objective than questionnaires
List the statements that belong to Structural consistency of the goal object models | For every object / Every conceptual / Every goal in
“Queries on a requirements database” technique for “Requirements quality assurance” work on parts of the Requirements Document that are specified in terms of the __________. | Diagrammatic notations
 | Milestone-driven refinement pattern
a All of follwing actions, the review board need to do when reviewing changes of requirements EXCEPT? | maintains a wishlist of possible changes (identified by insider or collected from outsides)
a all of the following activities should NOT be done in "Change Evaliation and prioritization" stage of change control process EXCEPT? | prioritize the accepted changes
a All of the following questions should NOT be in the checklist used for verifying "Ambiguity" defect type EXCEPT? | can this statement be interpreted differently in different relevant contexs?
a All of the following quiestions should NOT be in the checklist used for verifying "Over specification" defect type EXCEPT? | wourld there be alternative sendible choices?
a All of the following statements about background study techniques are correct EXCEPT? | an abvious strength of the technique is that it supplies the full and detailed information that will needed afterwards, in particular the terminology used, the objectives and policies to be taken into account, the distribution of responsibilities among stakeholders and so forth
a An agent model captures the ___ dimension of requirements engineering | WHO
a An obstacle is a pre- condition for ____ of some goal, hypotheses or questionable domain property used in the goal model | non-satisfaction
a An(a) _____ is a statement to be satisfied by the environment and formulated in terms of environmental phenomena | assumption
a Change Control process, the necessity, feasibility, benefits, impact and cost of the requested changes are evaluated by a __________ | Review board
A goal model makes it possible to capture _______ alternative options | two kinds of (Alternative goal refinements, Alternative responsibility assignments)
a In a _____ project, the system-as-is is already offers software solutions; the software-to-be need to integrate, inprove,adapt or extend such solutions | brownfield
A particular application of the operation yields a state _______ from a state in InputState to a state in OutputState. | Transition
a the following questions should be used while writing a requirements document EXCEPT? | can it be expressed in a complex way?
a Which of the following is a helpful technique that is used for eliciting non-functional requirements e.g performance requirements? | data collection
a which of the follwing is an elicitation techniquie that provides a concrete flavor of what the software will look like? | prototypes and mock-ups
a Which of the follwing is not a reason for goals being so important in the RE process? | goal do not provide anchors for risk analysis
a which of the follwing items are not exploring risk countermeasures techniques? | using design methodologies
a which one of the following statements about package is false? | the names of elements defined in a package are local to the package but are not visible to its descendants
a Which one of the follwing statements is the definition of "capability instance declaration"? | capability instance declaration annotating a monitoring or control link makes precise which agent instance is monitoring or controlling the attribute/association of whcih object instance
a ___ refer to the use ò goals for requirements elicitation, evaliation, nevaliation, nefotiation, elaboration, structuring, documentation, analysis and evolution | goal- riented RE
All of the following are usages of goal categories, except? | goal categories are using for refining and abstracting goals
among outputs of the requirement engineering process, which output visualizes the system from different perspective? system models | system models
an and-refinement of a goal g into sub-goals g1,g2,….,gn should be:  complete, consistent, minimal. | complete, consistent, minimal.
An AND-refinement of obstacle O into sub-obstacles O1, O2,…, On should meet the following conditions:Which pair of the arguments is wrong? | 1 & 2
An AND-refinement states that the parent goal can be satisfied by satisfying ___ sub-goals in the refinement. | all
An AND-refinement states that the parent goal can be satisfied by | all satisfying ___ sub-goals in the refinement.
An expectation is a goal assigned to a single agent of the _________. | environment
an obstacle is a pre-condition for ____ of some goal, hypothesis or questionable domain property used in the goal model.  non-satisfaction. | non-satisfaction.
an operation model addresses the _____ of requirements engineering by capturing the functional services that target system should provide in order to meet its goals. what - dimension. | what - dimension.
are lists of questions structured according to the various types of defects | Defect-based checklists
are used as criteria for selecting system options among multiple alternatives. | Soft goals
b A goal under the responsibility of an agent must be realizable by the agent in view of its____ | capabilities
b A state machine is represented in UML by a variant of a ___ called a state diagram | state-chart
b all of the following are correct inputs of the specification and documentation phase EXCEPT? | system-to-be deign documents
b All of the following statements about advantages of free documentation in unrestricted natural language are correct EXCEPT? | there is no notable ambiguities, noises, eg
b An operation model addresses the ____ of requirements engineering by capturing the functional services that the target system should provide in order to meet its goals | WHAT dimension
b assume that risk (r) only cause one consequence(c) . Give likelihood (c) = 0.7 =, Serverity (c) = 5, cost(cm) = 0.5, Exposure(r) = | 3.5
b At higher levels, there are coarser-grained goals stating ______ related to the business or the organisation | strategic objectives
b In "Traceability management process", which one of the following phases is concerned with four issues; the link granularity, link semantic richness, link accuracy and link overhead? | Establish raceability links
b the following questions should be in the checklist used for verifying ___ defect type | poor structuring
b the goals of risk assessment is to assess likelihood of risks,_____, likelihood of consequences, to control high-priority risks | risk serverity
b the goals of ____ is to reduce high-exposure resks through countermeasures | risk control
b when we are unfamiliar with the system-as-is, we may need to acquire knowledge through the following ways EXCEPT? | studying documents and reports of sytem-to-be that documentinformation flows, work procedures, business rules, forms exchanged between organisational units and so forth
b which features does Multi-view modeling framework enforce the system views satisfied? | consystency, completeness and complementarity
b which one of the following statements is the definition of entity? | none of the others
b ____prescribes intended behaviours where a target condition must sooner or later hold whenever some other condition holds in the current system state | An achieve goal
Because the requirements errors are the most expensive, numerous and persistent software errors, so “requirements inspection & review process” should be applied as soon as possible. | FALSE
c A(an) ____ is a prescriptive statement to be enforced by the software-to-be, possibly in cooperation with other system composents, and formulated in terms of environment, phenomena | system requirement
c A/an______ is a discrete set of instances of a domain-specific concept that are manipulated by the modeled system | conceptual object
c agent capabilities are defined in terms of the system variables that the agent can____ and _____ | monitor/ control
c All of the following statements about local rules on writing statements in requirements document are correct EXCEPT? | make sure that every concept is defined after its use
c All of the follwing activities should NOT be done in "Change Initiation" stage of change control process EXCEPT? | maintain a wishlist of possible changes(identified by insiders or collected from outsiders)
c For stapwise refinement of a state diagram, we may decompose a state into sequential or concurrent sub-states. In both cases, the funer-grained sub-states are called nested states, whereas the super- state is called a ____ | composete state
c In obstacle diagram, leaf obstacles are connected to countermeasure goals through____ | resolution links
c the domain understanding and requirements elicitation stage involves a great deal of knowledge acquisition. EXCEPT? | knowledge about programming language that is used for new system development
c The multiplicity on one side of an association specifies the minimum and maximum number of object instances on ____ that may be associated | this side
c there are the following bacwards of prototypes and mock-up techniquie, except for... | can not understand inplications
c which of the followings is a standard technique for structuring complex if-then condition? | using decision tabnle
c which of the follwing is not a criterion of stakeholder selection? | exposure to perceived techical issuses
c which of the follwing questions is in the chkeclist used for verifying "Unfeasibility" defect type? | Is this RD item implementable in view of infrastructure, budget or timing contrainst?
c which one of the following statements about behavior model is false? | agent behaviors are made through scenarios or through state machines
c which one of the following statements is the definition of attribute? | An attribute is an intrinsic feature of an object regardless of other objects in the model
c ____ addresses the assignment of responsibilities for achieving the objectives, services and constraints among the composents of the system-to-be | the WHO dimension
c _____refer to "the contextual reasons for a new version of a system must be made explicit in terms of objectives" to be satisfied by | the WHY dimension
choose incorrect definition of the critical systems critical systems are system whose failure can threaten human life | critical systems are system whose failure can threaten human life
d all of the following activities should be done in "Change Consolidation" stage of change control process EXCEPT? | prioritize the accepted changes
d all of the following statemtns about ouputs of requirements specification and documentation phase are correct EXCEPT? | all general objectives, system requirements, sofware requirements, e.g are organizaed in RD according to some coherent structure so as to meet the various defined torget qualities ???
d All of the follwing questions should be in the cjecklist used for verifying "Poor structuring" defect type EXCEPT? | would there be alternative sensible choices? ???
d In an operation model, an operation is annotated by individual features such as its ___ and its domain pre-and post-conditions | signature ???
d The following question should be in the checklist used for verifying ___ defect type | Over specification
d Traceability management process composes of 4 phases:1) Exploit traceability links2) Establish traceability links3) Maintain traceability links4) Define traceability policy | 4,2,1,3 ???
d what should we do in the stakeholder analysis stage of RE? | determine a representative sample of stakeholders based in their role, interest, and type of knowledge thay can contribute ???
d which of the following statements about agent capabilities is wrong? | An agent monitors an association if its instances can change this association holds between object instances. ???
d which one of the following statements is the definition of "required trgger condition"? | a required trigger condition for a goal is a sufficient condition on the operation's input states for satisfaction of this goal by any application of the operation ???
data processing model will show ….? (one choice) | how the data is processed at different stages
data processing model will show ….? | how the data is processed at different stages
defect prevention is requested by which level of CMM? | 3
diagram can be further detailed by indicating explicitly which component controls a shared phenomena, which component constitutes the machine needs to be built, and which components are affected by which requirements. | Problem
distribution over defect location is to answer the question | where are the defects found?
document assumption and requirement changes, we may assign qualitative levels of ________ to the statements, or levels of ________ in the case of multiple variants. | Stability / Commonality
domain consistency | {oi,dom} | # false
Domain pre- and post-conditions are prescriptive. | false
domain requirement may include: | both above
domain-completeness | {not O1,not o2,...,not on, dom} | =o
Domain-specific checklists specialize the defect-based ones to the specific constructs of the structured, semi-format or formal specification language used in the requirement document. | FALSE
duplication technique of fault tolerance is | parallel running of multiple programs
e A ____ is captured by a sequence of state transitions for the system items that that component control | Behaviour
Each linked object in an association plays specific _____ in the association | role
entailment | {oi, dom} | =o
entity-relationship models have been widely used in database design. how many relation types between entities in this model? 3 | 3
fault tolerance focuses on | All other items
for each risk, the outcome of the risk analysis and classification process is a statement of acceptability. how many way risk can be categories? | 3
for stepwise refinement of a state diagram,we may decompose a state into sequential or concurrent sub-states. in both state, the finer-grained sub-states are called nested states,whereas the super-state is called a____.  composite state. | composite state.
given following activities in the requirement engineering process: (1) feasibility study (2) requirement validation (3) elicitation and analysis (4) requirement specification what is the right order? (one choice) | (1) => (3) => (4) => (2)
given that you are at the “requirements classification and organization” step during the elicitation and analysis phase, what is next step? | requirements prioritization and negotiation
how many activities in process of developing a formal specification of a sub-system interface had been introduced in text book? (one choice) | 6
how many kinds of node does risk tree have? 2 (failure nodes and logical nodes) | 2 (failure nodes and logical nodes)
how many main problems need to be checked during feasibility study? (one choice)  3 | 3
how many main processes are introduced in term of requirements engineering process? | 4
how many notations have been introduced in data-flow model? (one choice) | 5
how many parts of requirements document had been suggested in standard ieee/ansi 830-1998 (ieee,1998)? | 5
how many principal stages to a change management process had been introduced in text book. | 3
how many stage introduced on iterative process of risk analysis? (one choice) | 4
how many stage introduced on iterative process of risk analysis? | 4
how many steps does the process of Formal verification include? | 2
how many types are introduced in term of classification of volatile requirements? | 4
if testing time is limited, we should | Only test high risk areas
In "Traceability management process", which one of the following phases is concerned with four issues: the link granularity, link semantic richness, link accuracy and link overhead? | Establish traceability links
in below requirement statements, which is the user requirement? (one choice) | the user should be provided with facilities to define type of external files.
in below requirement statements, which is the user requirement? the software must provide a mean of representing and assessing external files created by other tools | the software must provide a mean of representing and assessing external files created by other tools
in below statements, which is not a correct definition for requirement measures? (one choice) | robustness is percentage of target dependent statements
in below statements, which is not a correct definition for requirement measures? | ease of use means training time or number of help frames
In figure 11.6, "Train" and "TrainInfo" are classified as | entities
In figure 4.11, the "Planning" state (source state) changes to "MeetingScheduled" state (target state) if __________ (the event) occurs and only if _________ (the guard condition) is true. | scheduleDetermination/[No conflicts]
In Figure 4.9, "DenyRequest - <<extend>> - AskConstraints" means: | DenyRequest is an alternative operation of AskConstraints, when the condition named Unauthorized holds
In Figure 4.9, "DetermineSchedule - <<include>> - ResolveConflicts" means: | ResolveConflicts is a 'sub-operation' of DetermineSchedule
In specialization, the object SubOb plays the role ______ whereas the object SuperOb plays the inverse role ______. | Specializes  / Generalizes
in system models concept, have been introduced many difference model can be apply for sr study. these models may be used separately or together? (one choice) | both
in system models concept, have been introduced many difference model can be apply for sr study. these models may be used separately or together? | together
in the figure 8.28, the goal refinement pattern is | refinement towards goal realizability
in the requirement statements for a library management system below, which is not a non-functional requirement? (one choice) | the system shall allow the users to search for an item by title, author, or isbn.
in the requirement statements for a library management system below, which is not a non-functional requirement? | the system shall allow the users to search for an item by title, author, or isbn.
indicate in items below what is one of fundamental approaches to formal specification have been used to write detailed specifications for industrial software systems. (one choice) | algebraic approach
indicate in items below what is one of fundamental approaches to formal specification have been used to write detailed specifications for industrial software systems. | all above
interviewing is one of technique introduced. this technique inside of what process: elicitation and analysis | elicitation and analysis
is this true if said: ethnography is one technique including in requirements elicitation and analysis process. (one choice) | no
is this true if said: ethnography is one technique including in requirements elicitation and analysis process. yes. | yes.
is this true? if said: “ethnography is particularly effective at discovering of requirements”. yes | yes
is this true? if said: “the requirements management process includes planning and change management”. yes | yes
Like in any risk management process, obstacle analysis is an iteration of _______ cycles. | Identify – Assess - Control
many components of a case tool for structured method support introduced in text book. show us in list bellow, what is not components had been introduced in text book. | no one comply
many problems can arise when requirements are written in natural language sentences. in list below, show us what not problem of natural language for this case is. (one choice) to much technical special notations | to much technical special notations
many types of interface had been defined. show us what are interface type have been introduced in the list below | all above
mitigation actions of a risk are planned to | avoid the occurrence of the risk
normally, how many kinds of information should be included when a standard form is used for specifying functional requirements? (one choice) | 7
not (if A then B) amounts to | A and not B
not differences of problem diagram comparing with context diagram? | shared phenomena are controlled/monitored by components
obstacle disjointness | {oi,oj,dom} | =false
Obstacles completeness can show about ______ and_______ (Choose two) | what we know about the domain and how adequate our knowledge is + obstacle analysis may help elicit and validate relevant domain properties
on security specification section had recommend many types of security requirement. how many types of security requirements are introduced? (one choice) | 10  elicitation and analysis  yes  4  both  stakeholder involve  3  both  5  the object name have been different each other.  the system’s stakeholders  the software must provide a mean of representing and assessing external files created by other tools  client managers  system end users  there should be no contradictions in the descriptions of the system facilities  robustness is percentage of target dependent statements  requirements document  fine-grain activity models show details of a specific process  eliciting and specifying the system requirements  organizational standards.  requirements prioritization and negotiation  requirements interview  feasibility report  requirement validation  ethnography  all  risk decomposition  syntax definition  all  3  risk definition and separate them with system.  6  6  none above  4  layering  how the data is processed at different stages  context model  show data structure of the system  model the behaviour of the system in response to external and internal events  risk planning  it is applied to the system as individual sub-systems  non-functional reliability requirements.  definitions of the safety functions of the protection system.  risk assessment
on security specification section had recommend many types of security requirement. how many types of security requirements are introduced? | 10
on steps of requirements validation process need: some checking needs to carry out on the requirements in the requirement document. how many types of check are introduced? | 5
operations on an abstract data type usually fall into how many classes? (one choice) | 2
OR-refinement of obstacle O should be … | {subOi, Dom } | = O
OR-refinement of obstacle O should be … | {subOi, Dom } | = O+{subOi, subOj, Dom }  | = false+{not subO1,..., not subOn, Dom }  | = not O+{subOi, Dom }  | ?  false
pareto chart is a sample of | one-way analysis
please choose an incorrect statement related to the use of fs (formal specification) | fs involves investing more effort in the validating stage of software development
please choose the correct explanation for the reliability metric “probability of failure on demand” the likelihood that the system will fail when a service request is made | the likelihood that the system will fail when a service request is made
prescribe different types of protection of agent assets against unintended behaviors. | Security goals
product-related risks may result in delayed product delivery, cost overruns, deterioration of project team morale and so forth. | true
Queries on a requirements database" technique for "Requirements quality assurance" work on parts of the Requirements Document that are specified in terms of the __________. | Diagrammatic notations
requirement inspection process uses________ guidelines to make it more effective in finding defects. | what-who-when-where.
requirements discovery including how many technique are introduced. | 4
risk can be categorized too much way. what bellow is way applying for categorized the risk? | all above
root cause analyses can be performed on the product under development to indentify the common defects and their causes | logical & statistical analysis
software reliability specification including: | all above
some examples of different types of failure are introduced. how many classes shown in failure classification text book? | 6
specialize defect-based checklists to specific categories of non-functional | Quality-specific checklists
specialize generic and quality-specific checklists to the specific concepts | Domain-specific checklists
specialize the defect-based checklist to the specific constructs | Language-based checklists
structural perspective will show ….? (one choice)  the system or data architecture | the system or data architecture
structural perspective will show ….? the system or data architecture | the system or data architecture
study object models for one system, each object has been named and showed the relation between them (by inheritance, aggregation,… ). what is forced rule had to follow in terms bellow. (one choice) | the object name have been different each other.
Sub obstacles (A)/(B) in the figure 9.9 should be | reverse thrustenabled and not wheelsturning/ wheelsturning and not reverse thrustenabled
system requirement may include: | all about
the data flow model will show …? | the processes and the flow of information from one process to another
The goal model captures ______ and_______ | responsibility links+ reference links
The goals G1, G2, …, Gn are divergent in a domain Dom if we can find a feasible boundary condition B under which the goals cannot satisfied the arguments | {G1, G2, …, Gn, B, Dom} | = false
the leader selects reviewers to join the inspection | planning
The operation is not applied if a trigger condition becomes true in a state where the operation’s domain pre-condition is not true. | true
the operation's output states to ensure a goal | required post-condition
The phase “Individual reviewing”, inspectors reads the Requirement Document for defects. They can operate this phase in which of the following modes? | Free mode, process-based mode, checklist-based mode
the phase “individual reviewing”,inspectors reads the requirement document for defected. they can operate this phase in which of the following modes?  free mode,process-based mode, checklist-based mode. | free mode,process-based mode, checklist-based mode.
the target of requirement realism checking is to answer which of following questions? | can the requirements be implemented given available budget and technology?
they predicted that, by the 21st century, a large proportion of software would be developed using formal methods. this prediction has not come true. how many main reasons introduced in text book for this conclution? (one choice) | 4
to feasibility study, we need to asked and get answers from many people on such this organization. in practices, how many questions need to be answered by them during feasibility study? (one choice) | 6
Traceability management process composes of 4 phases: a) Exploit traceability links b) Establish traceability links c) Maintain traceability links d) Define traceability policy Which one is the appropriate order of these phases: | d, b, a, c
trigger conditions becomes true. | a lazy behavior
two concepts function and non-function requirement are: full separate. | full separate.
two concepts user requirement and system requirement are: | other.
under of 3 main type of non-functional requirement: product, organizational and external. how many types of non-functional requirements (level 2 in describe chart of types of non-functional requirements) that may be placed on a computer-bases system has been introduced in text book? | 10
Unlike domain properties and ________, goals may be refined, negotiated, assigned as responsibilities to agents and transformed in case of conflict or overexposure to risks. | hypotheses
unlike domain properties and___, goal may be refined,negotiated, assigned as responsibilities to agents and transformed in case of conflict or overexposure to risks.  hypotheses | hypotheses
user requirement may include: | all about
what are contents including on critical systems specification? | all above
what are effective interviewers (choose the best answer)?one choice) | all
what are not problems of requirement analysis? (one choice)  the stakeholders know what they want | the stakeholders know what they want
what are stakeholders? (one choice) | the organizations that will influence directly/indirectly on the system requirements
what are stakeholders? | the organizations that will influence directly/indirectly on the system requirements
what can be leaded if the Basic knowledge is lacked? | all other items
what do you have to plan for requirement management? (one choice) | all
what don’t you have to prepare in requirement management planning? feasibility study | feasibility study
what is a risk? | It is negative consequences that could occur
what is considered to decide checkpoint frequency of recovery blocks? | safety and cost
what is not a method to discovery requirement? | ethnography
what is not a part of body of an object specification? (one choice) syntax definition | syntax definition
what is not a part of body of an object specification? syntax definition | syntax definition
what is not a part of the cost of Fault tolerance? | Defect fixing cost
what is not a purpose of the requirement analysing? (one choice) | gather information about the proposed and existing systems and distilling the user and system requirements from this information
what is not a purpose of the requirement analysing? | gather information about the proposed and existing systems and distilling the user and system requirements from this information
what is not a stage in the security specification? | resource analysis
what is not a step of formal inspections? | testing execution
what is not a type of behavioural model? | data flow diagram
what is not an activity of requirement engineering processes? (one choice) | requirement implement
what is not an activity of requirement engineering processes? | requirement implement
what is not an analysis technique for defect prevention? | fault tolerance
what is not defect handling rule? | defects are used to punish owners
what is not security requirement type (one choice) | non-functional reliability requirements.
what is not security requirement type | non-functional reliability requirements.
what is not strategy had been introduced in text book for risk reduction assessment? (one choice) | risk definition and separate them with system
what is not strategy had been introduced in text book for risk reduction assessment? | risk definition and separate them with system.
what is not the purpose of data flow diagrams? (one choice)  show data structure of the system | show data structure of the system
what is not the purpose of data flow diagrams? show data structure of the system | show data structure of the system
what is not true with context model? (one choice) | context models show what lies inside the system boundaries
what is not true with context model? | context models show what lies inside the system boundaries
what is not true with the safety specification? | it is applied to the system as individual sub-systems
what is not type of system models that we may create during the analysis process? (one choice) | none above
what is not type of system models that we may create during the analysis process? | none above
what is odc in process measurements concepts? | orthogonal defect classification
what is one standard for requirement document?(one choice)  ieee | ieee
what is the issue of the testing? | only show the presence of defects, not their absence
what is the purpose of brainstorming using? | all other cases
what is the purpose of state machine model? | model the behaviour of the system in response to external and internal events
what is the purpose of the “threat assignment” stage during the security specification? | assign a list of associated threats for each identified asset
what is the purpose of the requirement source traceability? links between dependent requirements | links between dependent requirements
what is the role of requirement engineer? (one choice) | eliciting and specifying the system requirements
what is the role of requirement engineer? | eliciting and specifying the system requirements
what is the trigger of a risk? | it is the condition when the risk occurs
what is used to measure the effectiveness of inspections? | the number and severity of defects found by inspection
what item below is including on iterative process of risk analysis? | risk decomposition
what's the key factor of requirement elicitation? stakeholder involve | stakeholder involve
When doing goals refinement, we refine goals until | the sub-goals assignable to single agents
when is defect prevention effectively? | right at the beginning of the product development
which are not subcategories of generalized models? | semi-customized models
which are outputs of the requirement engineering process? (one choice) | agreed requirements
which are outputs of the requirement engineering process? | agreed requirements
Which conditions does a statement about an obstacle to an assertion need to meet? | {O, Dom } | = not G
Which conditions does a statement about an obstacle to an assertion need to meet? | {O, Dom } | =  not G +{O, Dom }  | ? false + O can be satisfied by some system behavior
which factors are to determine the quqlity & success of software projects? | all other items
which is a common Cause category? | All other items
which is a functional safety requirement? (one choice)  definitions of the safety functions of the protection system. | definitions of the safety functions of the protection system.
which is a functional safety requirement? definitions of the safety functions of the protection system. | definitions of the safety functions of the protection system.
which is correct definition of requirements consistency? (one choice) | there should be no contradictions in the descriptions of the system facilities
which is correct definition of requirements consistency? | there should be no contradictions in the descriptions of the system facilities
which is non-functional requirement? (one choice) | constraints on the services or functions offered by the system such as timing constraints, constraints on the development process, standards, etc.
which is non-functional requirement? | constraints on the services or functions offered by the system such as timing constraints, constraints on the development process, standards, etc.
which is not a description in requirement definition? (one choice) | the system’s stakeholders
which is not a description in requirement definition? | the system’s stakeholders
which is not a factor for almost feasibility study to base on for its decision? | new technology in the world
which is not a model for reliability assessment | odc
which is not a stage in risk-based analysis? (one choice)  risk planning | risk planning
which is not a stage in risk-based analysis? risk planning | risk planning
which is not a technique of the requirement validation? | requirements interview
which is not an activity during requirement change management process? (one choice)  problem identifying: identify what change is needed for the requirements | problem identifying: identify what change is needed for the requirements
which is not an activity during requirement change management process? problem identifying: identify what change is needed for the requirements | problem identifying: identify what change is needed for the requirements
which is not an activity during the requirements review? | prepare the requirements documentation
Which is not an artefact-driven elicitation technique? | Group sessions
which is not an input of the requirement elicitation phase? | specification of similar system
which is not an input of the requirement engineering process? (one choice) | existing system information
which is not an input of the requirement engineering process? (one choice) | requirement documents
which is not an input of the requirement engineering process? | requirement documents
which is not an object model? (one choice) | structure models
which is not an object model? | structure models
which is not critical attribute(s)? | usability
which is not included in defect prevention plan (DP Plan)? | DP Technique
which is not included in formal methods? | program development
which is not sub-type of product-specific models? | dynamic model
which is not true with the use of formal methods? | formal methods are applied mainly in critical systems engineering
which is output of the risk analysis and classification stage? (one choice) | risk assessment
which is output of the risk analysis and classification stage? | risk assessment
which is system requirement? (one choice) | a structured document setting out detailed descriptions of the system’s functions, services and operational constraints.
which is system requirement? | a structured document setting out detailed descriptions of the system’s functions, services and operational constraints.
which is the correct statement about the process models? (one choice) | fine-grain activity models show details of a specific process
which is the correct statement about the process models? | fine-grain activity models show details of a specific process
which is the item that a requirement does not describe? (one choice) | how to maintain the system.
which is the item that a requirement does not describe? | how to maintain the system.
which is the output of almost requirement engineering activities? | requirements document
which is the soonest output of the requirement engineering process? (one choice) | business requirements specification
which is the soonest output of the requirement engineering process? | business requirements specification
which model is used to analyze the combined time & input domain data for reliability testing? | TBRM
which model is used to measure the stability over time? | SRGM
which model type will show how entities have common characteristics? (one choice) | classification model
which model type will show how entities have common characteristics? | classification model
which models are used for better estimation? | semi-customized models
which of following items is counted to indirect cost for QA activities? | budget of technical training
Which of the following actions does the review board need to do when reviewing changes of requirements (Choose three)? | Understand the context of the requested change.
Which of the following actions does the review board need to do when reviewing changes of requirements (Choose three)? | Understand+ Assess the+ Estimate the
which of the following analysis techniques to determine the priorities of the problem to be analyzed? | pareto chart
Which of the following are activities to be done in "Change Consolidation" stage of change control process (choose three)? | Baselining of the new version of the RD for sharing among project members until the next version is baselined
Which of the following are activities to be done in "Change Consolidation" stage of change control process (choose three)? | Baselining of+ Forward propagation+ Updating of
Which of the following are activities to be done in "Change Evaluation and prioritization" stage of change control process (choose two)? | Prioritize the accepted changes.
Which of the following are activities to be done in "Change Evaluation and prioritization" stage of change control process (choose two)? | Prioritize the accepted+ Detect potential conflicts
Which of the following are differences of problem diagram comparing with context diagram? | A rectangle with double vertical stripe represent the machine to be built
Which of the following are differences of problem diagram comparing with context diagram? | 3y’A rectangle with double+ A rectangle with a single+ An interface can
Which of the following are semantic rules used to define sequential state decomposition? | The instance modelled by the diagram is in the super-state if and only if it is in one (and only one) of the sequential sub-states
which of the following designates an object instance on which the operation act | an output variable
which of the following is a sufficient condition on .. as soon as it is true | required trigger condition
Which of the following is an incorrect statements about the leaf nodes in goals refinement trees | they can not be domain properties or hypotheses
which of the following is not key attribute of defects? | defect type
which of the following is not one of 7 basic quality tools? | pie chart
Which of the following items are not non-functional goals (Choose two)? | Information
Which of the following items are not non-functional goals (Choose two)? | Information+ Satisfaction
Which of the following questions are in the checklist used for verifying "Ambiguity" defect type (choose two)? | Can this statement be interpreted differently in different relevant contexts?
Which of the following questions are in the checklist used for verifying "Ambiguity" defect type (choose two)? | Can this statement+ Are there other
Which of the following questions are in the checklist used for verifying "Over specification" defect type (choose two)? | Would there be alternative sensible choices?
Which of the following questions are in the checklist used for verifying "Over specification" defect type (choose two)? | Would there be+ Does this statement entail
Which of the following questions are in the checklist used for verifying "Poor structuring" defect type (choose three)? | Is the structuring rule for organizing these RD sections apparent?
Which of the following questions are in the checklist used for verifying "Poor structuring" defect type (choose three)? | 3y’ Is the structuring+ Does this RD item cover+ Does this RD item mix
which of the following questions should be in the checklist used for verifying "Over specification" defect type | would there be alternative sensible choices
which of the following specifies all the operations that a system component is required to perform, possibly under a particular condition, in response to a particular input stimulus | an r-net diagram
which of the following tools is not used to analyze the problems? | Pareto Chart
Which of the followings are not strengths of goal model? | expressive (functional, non-functional; alternative options)
Which of the followings are strengths of state machines model? | visual abstraction of explicit behaviors of any agent instance in a class
which of the followings captures the activities and data in the system (system-to-be or system-as-is), these diagrams allow these activities and data to be documented in a graphical way | SADT diagrams
Which one of the following activities should be done in “Change evaluation & prioritization” phase of “Change Control” process? | The review board is responsible to assess the merits, feasibility and cost of the proposed changes in the change request. Some proposed changes are approved, others are rejected and others are deferred.
Which one of the following object is the root meta-concept: | SystemModel.
which one of the following statement about the leaf nodes in goal refinement trees is false?  they are nodes whose responsibility can be assigned to single software agents. | they are nodes whose responsibility can be assigned to single software agents.
which one of the following statement is the definition of “required trigger condiftion”?  a required trigger condition for a goal is a sufficient condition on the operation’s input states for satisfaction of this goal by any application of the operation. | a required trigger condition for a goal is a sufficient condition on the operation’s input states for satisfaction of this goal by any application of the operation.
which perspective don’t we base on to present system in different models? (one choice) | layering
which perspective don’t we base on to present system in different models? | layering
which QA alternative is better to indentify conceptual problems? | inspection
Which refinement pattern is applied for the goal refinement in the figure 8-12? [CopyBorrowedIfAvailable] Def A book has a copy available for the requesting borrower [CopyDueSoonIfNotAvailable] Def A book without any copy available for loan shall have a copy available within 15 days for the requesting borrower | Case-driven refinement pattern
which software products can be inspected | All other items
which technique is not appled in Fault tolerance for timely decision? | N-Version programming
who is not reader of system requirements? | client managers
who is the reader of user requirements? system end users | system end users
who should be involved in a requirements review? | both of above
why is it necessary to have requirement feasibility study phase?(one choice) | to decide whether or not the proposed system is worthwhile
___Specialize the defect-based ones to the specific constructs.. | Language-based checklists
_____and responsibility links from goals to system agents | operationlization links between goals and system operations
______ link may be introduced between an object Ob and objects PartOb1,… PartObn if every current instance of Ob is a tuple of current instances of PartOb1, …., PartObn. | Aggregation
_______ are used as criteria for selecting system options among multiple alternatives. | Soft goals
_________ is captured by a sequence of state transitions for the system items that the component control | Behavior
___________ prescribe different types of protection of agent assets against unintended behaviors. | Security goals
_____________ refers to the use of goals for requirements elicitation, evaluation, negotiation, elaboration, structuring, documentation, analysis and evolution. | Goal-oriented RE
_____________ requires us to identify likely changes, assess their likelihood and document them in the Requirement Document. | Change anticipation
____________________ form an effective technique for quality assurance, it is the widest in scope and applicability. | Requirements inspection and reviews
____________refer to "the contextual reasons for a new version of a system must be made explicit in terms of objectives" to be satisfied by | WHY
The same book copy can not be borrowed by two different people at the same time. | Descriptive
The staff's viewpoint in our library system might state, 'a borrower should return a borrowed book copy within two weeks'. A stakeholder having the borrower's viewpoint might state, 'a borrower should keep a borrowed book copy as long as he or she needs it'. | Weak conflict or divergence
In state machine diagram, the event occurrence is a ________ condition for transition firing, whereas a guard is a ________ condition for firing | sufficient/necessary
Which of the following are differences of problem diagram comparing with context diagram? | A...A_______ diagram can be further detailed by indicating explicitly which component controls a shared phenomena, which component constitutes the machine needs to be built, and which components are affected by which requirements. |  Problem
Domain-specific checklists specialize the defect-based ones to the specific constructs of the structured, semi-format or formal specification language used in the requirement document. | False
____________________ form an effective technique for quality assurance, it is the widest in scope and applicability. | “Requirements inspection and reviews”
Which of the following questions are in the checklist used for verifying "Poor structuring" defect type (choose three)? | Is,cover,mix
Which of the following questions are in the checklist used for verifying "Over specification" defect type (choose two)? | Would, statement entail
Which of the following questions are in the checklist used for verifying "Ambiguity" defect type (choose two)? | Can , Are
In “Traceability management process”, which one of the following phases is concerned with four issues: the link granularity, link semantic richness, link accuracy and link overhead? | Establish traceability links
Which one of the following activities should be done in “Change evaluation & prioritization” phase of “Change Control” process? | The review board is responsible
Traceability management process composes of 4 phases: | d, b, a, c
Which of the following actions does the review board need to do when reviewing changes of requirements (Choose three)? | Under,Assess,Estimate
Which of the following are activities to be done in "Change Consolidation" stage of change control process (choose three)? | Baselin,Forward,Updating
Which of the following are activities to be done in "Change Evaluation and prioritization" stage of change control process (choose two)? | Prioritize,Detect
In the goal model, the finer-grained a goal is, the _______ are required to satisfy it. | fewer requirements
Which of the following items are not non-functional goals (Choose two)? | Information,Satisfaction
The goal model captures ______ and_______ | responsibility,reference
The goals G1, G2, …, Gn are divergent in a domain Dom if we can find a feasible boundary condition B under which the goals cannot satisfied the arguments | G1, G2, …, Gn, B, Dom} | = false
Given figure 8-11 below. | Guard-introduction pattern
Obstacles completeness can show about ______ and_______ (Choose two) | what,obstacle
Which conditions does a statement about an obstacle to an assertion need to meet? | not G,false,O can be
OR-refinement of obstacle O should be … | O,false,not O,false
The association is also called under synonymous term __________ | ‘relationship’
An agent is an ______ system component play a role in goal satisfaction. | active
Which of the following statements about agent capabilities is wrong?. | monitors an association
What is an agent-goal co-refinement process? | an agents an its
Domain pre- and post-conditions are prescriptive. | F
The operation is not applied if a trigger condition becomes true in a state where the operation’s domain pre-condition is not true. | T
The initial states of the instance correspond to the states where it disappears from the system. | F
For stepwise refinement of a state diagram, we decompose a state into sequential or parallel sub-states. | T
Which part of Figure 13.4 is called “episode”?. | A
Which of the followings are not strengths of goal model? | expressive,acceptance
Which of the followings are strengths of state machines model? | visual,code
Which of the following are semantic rules used to define sequential state decomposition? | only one, incoming
System model is made up of five views. Which one of the following view captured by goal model: | None
The instance level is made of concepts that are instances of meta-level abstractions. | F
All of the following statements about structural consistency of the goal and behavior models are incorrect, EXCEPT? | Every scenario
which of the following is a helpful technique that is used for eliciting non-function requirement e.g.performance requirement | the names elements defined in a package are local to the package but are not...descendants
the domani understanding and requirement elicitation stage...EXCEPT | knowled about programming langguage that is used for new system development
which one of the following statement about behavior model is false | agent behavior are made through scenarios or through state machines
which of the following is not a criterion of stakeholder selection | exposure to perceived technical issues
All of the following questions should be in the checklist...Poor structuring defect type EXCEPT | would there be alternative sensible choices
which of the following question...."Unfeasibility" defect type | if this RD item....timing constraints
For stepwise refinement of a state diagram,we may decompose a state into sequential or concurrent sub-states. In both state, the finer-grained sub-states are called nested states,whereas the super-state is called a____ | Composite state
All of the  following statements about advantages of free documentation in unnestricted natural..correct EXCEPT | there is no notable ambiguities.noises.e.g
All of the following questions should NOT be in..."Ambiguity" defcet EXCPET | Can this statements be interpreted...contexts
_____ refers to the use of goal for requirements elicitation, evalution, negotiation, elaboration... and evolution | goal-oriented RE
which of the following is a helpful technique that is used for eliciting non-funtional requiremente.g preformance reqquirement | Data colection
All of the following action, the review boad need  to do when reviewing changes of requirements except | Maintains a wishlist of possible changes( indentifiend by insider or collected from outsite)
_____ Prescribes intended behaviours where a target condition must sooner or later hold whenever some other condition holds in the current system stale | anachieve goal
The multiplicity on one side an assosiation  specifies the minimim and maximum of object instances on___that  may be associated | the in side
All of the following question should NOT be in the checklist used for verifying "Over specification" detect type Except | would there be alternative sensible choises
an(a)____ is a statement to be satisfied by the environment and formulated in terms of environmental phenomena | assumption
in obstacle diagram, leaf obstacles are connected to countermeansure goal thorght____ | resolution links
There are the following backwards of prototype and mock-up techique, except for | can not understand implications
an entity is an instantaneous and actice object | None of the others
Which one of the following statement is the definition of " requinred trigger condition" | A required trigger condition for a goal is a sufficient condition on the operation's input states for satisfaction of this  goal by any application of the opperation
In a______ Project. the system-as-is already offers software solution : the software-to-be needs to intgrate, improve,adapt or extend such solutions | Brownfield
the goals of rick assessment is to assess like lihood of rick. ______. lideihood of cosequences to control high-prority risks | risk severity
the following questions should be used while writing a requirement document exept | can it be expressed in a complex way
which feature does Multi-wiew modeling frameword enforce the system view satisfield | consitency, completeness and completementarity
what should we  do in the stakeholder analysis stage of re? | determine a representative sample of stakehoders ....
Agent model show ____ view of the system being modeled | responsibility
The link between Goal and Agent in the following diagram is so called a/an | Responsibility link
Which is the DomPost of operation OpenDoor in Train Control system | The door of train tr are open
A goal model includes : | AND ... OR
___ risk management is a major cause of software failure | Poor
The personnel turnover is a risk that negatively impacts on objectives of the software developement process. It belong to : | Process-related risk
What are the three most critical errors of requirement engineering? | Inadequacy ... Contradition ... Omission
Which of the following statements are true? The main purpose of requirements validation | The main purpose of requirements validation
Fill in the blank ___ is prescriptive statement referring to environment phenomena and being formulated in a vocabulary understandable by all the parties | System requirement,Domain Properties,Definition
A ___ scenario illustrates some inadmissibale behavior | negative
Requirement inspections and reviews should be done when | After author ... Before design
Which of the following diagrams is used to show system operations? | use case diagrams
When patients come to the clinic, they register administrative information and their profession if they are new patients. In the database of the clinic, each patient can have some heatlh records. Each health record must have a prescription. Which relation is(are)the aggregation? | Patient and profession.. Patient and health records
A scenario is represented in UML by a ___ diagram | sequence
Which of the following statements about a bank ATM system belong to expectations? | Cash in taken by the cardholder when returned by the ATM
To have an effective interview we should avoid the certain types of questions | affirmative . opiniated or biased. obvious or impossibale answer of the interviewee
Which of the followings belong Structural consistency of the goal and behaviour models | Every operation in the operation
Which of the followings belong to the ambiguity defect in requirement document(RD)? | RD item allowing a problem word
Risks are uncertain factors occurrence may result in _____ of satisfaction of corresponding objective | loss
Which of the following statements about basic features of operations are true? | None of the others
Consider the following situation A patient gets the precription to buy medicine, but they did not have enough money. So pharmacy just only haft of his precription. What is the type of scenario for this situation? | Abnormal scenario
Select correct statements about State Machine model | A state machine model can be built from a set of scenarios by generalizing these to refer to any agent instance and to cover all behaviours captured by the scebarios.
Select correct statements about Mine Safety Control system | The mine will..... Each sump will be ..... Only the supervisor....
What is the version type of the following casual factor "Environment change: new class of users or new usage or new usage condition " ? | Variant
_____ result from changes made to adapt, restrict or extend a master version to multiple classes of users or usage condition | Revisions
Which diagrams in the following describle scope od the system? | Context diagram, Problem diagram, Frame diagram
Which kind of diagram descrise the behavior of asystem? | State machine diagram, Sequence diagram
Choose the incorrect statements in Goal model | We can refine a goal... The finer-grained a.... AND-refinement yields different system variants