diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 10776533..1cef4e2d 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -628,6 +628,17 @@ soroban contract deploy \
   --network testnet
 ```
 
+## Data Migration
+
+The `data_migration` payload library provides format-agnostic snapshot export/import capabilities across all contracts.
+
+### Import Replay Protection
+
+When importing payloads, the contracts use a `MigrationTracker` to prevent duplicate imports and replay attacks.
+- Payload Identity is cryptographically bound to a `(checksum, version)` tuple.
+- The state tracker persists this tuple alongside the ingestion `timestamp_ms` to outright reject replayed or copied payloads using `MigrationError::DuplicateImport`.
+- Restores are safely guarded against double spending or overriding the active state multiple times.
+
 ## Operational Limits
 
 ID and record-count operating limits (including `u32` overflow analysis and monitoring alerts) are documented in the **Operational Limits and Monitoring** section of [ARCHITECTURE.md](ARCHITECTURE.md).
diff --git a/data_migration/src/lib.rs b/data_migration/src/lib.rs
index e91e007b..82e723c8 100644
--- a/data_migration/src/lib.rs
+++ b/data_migration/src/lib.rs
@@ -185,6 +185,8 @@ pub enum MigrationError {
     InvalidFormat(String),
     ValidationFailed(String),
     DeserializeError(String),
+    /// Indicates that the payload has already been imported.
+    DuplicateImport,
 }
 
 impl std::fmt::Display for MigrationError {
@@ -201,12 +203,48 @@ impl std::fmt::Display for MigrationError {
             MigrationError::InvalidFormat(s) => write!(f, "invalid format: {}", s),
             MigrationError::ValidationFailed(s) => write!(f, "validation failed: {}", s),
             MigrationError::DeserializeError(s) => write!(f, "deserialize error: {}", s),
+            MigrationError::DuplicateImport => write!(f, "duplicate payload import detected"),
         }
     }
 }
 
 impl std::error::Error for MigrationError {}
 
+/// Tracks imported migration payloads to prevent replay attacks and duplicate restores.
+///
+/// Binds payload identity to a `(checksum, version)` tuple.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, Default)]
+pub struct MigrationTracker {
+    /// Stores the set of imported payloads, keyed by their checksum and version.
+    /// Tracks the timestamp when it was imported.
+    imported_payloads: HashMap<(String, u32), u64>,
+}
+
+impl MigrationTracker {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            imported_payloads: HashMap::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Mark a payload as imported.
+    /// Returns an error if it was already imported, preventing replay attacks.
+    pub fn mark_imported(&mut self, snapshot: &ExportSnapshot, timestamp_ms: u64) -> Result<(), MigrationError> {
+        let identity = (snapshot.header.checksum.clone(), snapshot.header.version);
+        if self.imported_payloads.contains_key(&identity) {
+            return Err(MigrationError::DuplicateImport);
+        }
+        self.imported_payloads.insert(identity, timestamp_ms);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Check if a snapshot has already been imported.
+    pub fn is_imported(&self, snapshot: &ExportSnapshot) -> bool {
+        let identity = (snapshot.header.checksum.clone(), snapshot.header.version);
+        self.imported_payloads.contains_key(&identity)
+    }
+}
+
 /// Export snapshot to JSON bytes.
 pub fn export_to_json(snapshot: &ExportSnapshot) -> Result<Vec<u8>, MigrationError> {
     serde_json::to_vec_pretty(snapshot).map_err(|e| MigrationError::DeserializeError(e.to_string()))
@@ -260,19 +298,29 @@ pub fn import_from_encrypted_payload(encoded: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>, Migration
         .map_err(|e| MigrationError::InvalidFormat(e.to_string()))
 }
 
-/// Import snapshot from JSON bytes with validation.
-pub fn import_from_json(bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<ExportSnapshot, MigrationError> {
+/// Import snapshot from JSON bytes with validation and replay protection.
+pub fn import_from_json(
+    bytes: &[u8],
+    tracker: &mut MigrationTracker,
+    timestamp_ms: u64,
+) -> Result<ExportSnapshot, MigrationError> {
     let snapshot: ExportSnapshot = serde_json::from_slice(bytes)
         .map_err(|e| MigrationError::DeserializeError(e.to_string()))?;
     snapshot.validate_for_import()?;
+    tracker.mark_imported(&snapshot, timestamp_ms)?;
     Ok(snapshot)
 }
 
-/// Import snapshot from binary bytes with validation.
-pub fn import_from_binary(bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<ExportSnapshot, MigrationError> {
+/// Import snapshot from binary bytes with validation and replay protection.
+pub fn import_from_binary(
+    bytes: &[u8],
+    tracker: &mut MigrationTracker,
+    timestamp_ms: u64,
+) -> Result<ExportSnapshot, MigrationError> {
     let snapshot: ExportSnapshot =
         bincode::deserialize(bytes).map_err(|e| MigrationError::DeserializeError(e.to_string()))?;
     snapshot.validate_for_import()?;
+    tracker.mark_imported(&snapshot, timestamp_ms)?;
     Ok(snapshot)
 }
 
@@ -371,7 +419,8 @@ mod tests {
         });
         let snapshot = ExportSnapshot::new(payload, ExportFormat::Json);
         let bytes = export_to_json(&snapshot).unwrap();
-        let loaded = import_from_json(&bytes).unwrap();
+        let mut tracker = MigrationTracker::new();
+        let loaded = import_from_json(&bytes, &mut tracker, 123456).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(loaded.header.version, SCHEMA_VERSION);
         assert!(loaded.verify_checksum());
     }
@@ -387,10 +436,34 @@ mod tests {
         });
         let snapshot = ExportSnapshot::new(payload, ExportFormat::Binary);
         let bytes = export_to_binary(&snapshot).unwrap();
-        let loaded = import_from_binary(&bytes).unwrap();
+        let mut tracker = MigrationTracker::new();
+        let loaded = import_from_binary(&bytes, &mut tracker, 123456).unwrap();
         assert!(loaded.verify_checksum());
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn test_import_replay_protection_prevents_duplicates() {
+        let payload = SnapshotPayload::RemittanceSplit(RemittanceSplitExport {
+            owner: "GREPLAY".into(),
+            spending_percent: 50,
+            savings_percent: 30,
+            bills_percent: 10,
+            insurance_percent: 10,
+        });
+        let snapshot = ExportSnapshot::new(payload, ExportFormat::Json);
+        let bytes = export_to_json(&snapshot).unwrap();
+        
+        let mut tracker = MigrationTracker::new();
+        
+        // First import should succeed
+        let loaded1 = import_from_json(&bytes, &mut tracker, 1000).unwrap();
+        assert!(tracker.is_imported(&loaded1));
+        
+        // Second import of the exact same snapshot should fail
+        let result2 = import_from_json(&bytes, &mut tracker, 2000);
+        assert_eq!(result2.unwrap_err(), MigrationError::DuplicateImport);
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn test_checksum_mismatch_import_fails() {
         let payload = SnapshotPayload::RemittanceSplit(RemittanceSplitExport {
diff --git a/orchestrator/src/test.rs b/orchestrator/src/test.rs
index cd0ece6f..0107a71c 100644
--- a/orchestrator/src/test.rs
+++ b/orchestrator/src/test.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ impl MockFamilyWallet {
     }
 }
 
-/// Mock Remittance Split contract for testing
 #[contract]
 pub struct MockRemittanceSplit;