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| 1 | +# Copyright (c) 2022-2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved. |
| 2 | +# |
| 3 | +# See LICENSE for license information. |
| 4 | + |
| 5 | +"""Benchmark MXFP8 graph-safe grouped MLP. |
| 6 | +
|
| 7 | +This mirrors ``benchmark_grouped_linear.py`` but targets the graph-safe TE ops |
| 8 | +path used by grouped MLP: |
| 9 | +
|
| 10 | + GroupedLinear -> ScaledSwiGLU -> GroupedLinear |
| 11 | +
|
| 12 | +The benchmark intentionally uses CUDA-device ``m_splits`` and MXFP8 only. |
| 13 | +
|
| 14 | +Example: |
| 15 | +
|
| 16 | + python benchmarks/linear/benchmark_graph_safe_grouped_linear.py |
| 17 | +
|
| 18 | +Forward-only: |
| 19 | +
|
| 20 | + python benchmarks/linear/benchmark_graph_safe_grouped_linear.py --fwd-only |
| 21 | +
|
| 22 | +Nsight Systems: |
| 23 | +
|
| 24 | + (optionally: unset DEBUGINFOD_URLS) |
| 25 | +
|
| 26 | + nsys profile \ |
| 27 | + --output=./benchmarks/linear/graph_safe_grouped_linear_mxfp8 \ |
| 28 | + --force-overwrite true \ |
| 29 | + --trace=cuda,nvtx,cudnn,cublas \ |
| 30 | + python benchmarks/linear/benchmark_graph_safe_grouped_linear.py --profile |
| 31 | +""" |
| 32 | + |
| 33 | +# Match the Qwen MXFP8 SFT launch toggles before importing TE. |
| 34 | +import os |
| 35 | + |
| 36 | +os.environ.setdefault("CUDA_DEVICE_MAX_CONNECTIONS", "1") |
| 37 | +os.environ.setdefault("NVTE_ALLOW_NONDETERMINISTIC_ALGO", "1") |
| 38 | +os.environ.setdefault("NVTE_CUTEDSL_FUSED_GROUPED_MLP", "1") |
| 39 | +os.environ.setdefault("CUDNN_FE_GROUPED_GEMM_DYNAMIC_MNKL", "1") |
| 40 | + |
| 41 | +import argparse |
| 42 | +from contextlib import nullcontext |
| 43 | + |
| 44 | +import pandas as pd |
| 45 | +import torch |
| 46 | +import torch.utils.benchmark as benchmark |
| 47 | + |
| 48 | +import transformer_engine.pytorch as te |
| 49 | +import transformer_engine.pytorch.ops as te_ops |
| 50 | +from transformer_engine.common.recipe import MXFP8BlockScaling |
| 51 | +from transformer_engine.pytorch.quantization import FP8GlobalStateManager |
| 52 | + |
| 53 | + |
| 54 | +MXFP8_AVAILABLE, REASON_FOR_NO_MXFP8 = FP8GlobalStateManager.is_mxfp8_available() |
| 55 | + |
| 56 | + |
| 57 | +def parse_int_list(value: str) -> list[int]: |
| 58 | + """Parse comma-separated integers.""" |
| 59 | + return [int(x) for x in value.split(",") if x] |
| 60 | + |
| 61 | + |
| 62 | +def make_uniform_splits(total_tokens: int, num_groups: int) -> list[int]: |
| 63 | + """Split tokens uniformly across groups.""" |
| 64 | + if total_tokens % num_groups != 0: |
| 65 | + raise ValueError( |
| 66 | + "Uniform split requires total_tokens divisible by num_groups, " |
| 67 | + f"got total_tokens={total_tokens}, num_groups={num_groups}" |
| 68 | + ) |
| 69 | + return [total_tokens // num_groups] * num_groups |
| 70 | + |
| 71 | + |
| 72 | +def build_grouped_mlp( |
| 73 | + *, |
| 74 | + num_groups: int, |
| 75 | + hidden_dim: int, |
| 76 | + ffn_hidden_dim: int, |
| 77 | + dtype: torch.dtype, |
| 78 | + single_grouped_weight: bool, |
| 79 | + accumulate_into_main_grad: bool, |
| 80 | + glu_interleave_size: int, |
| 81 | +) -> te_ops.Sequential: |
| 82 | + """Build graph-safe grouped MLP ops sequence.""" |
| 83 | + recipe = MXFP8BlockScaling() |
| 84 | + with te.quantized_model_init(enabled=True, recipe=recipe): |
| 85 | + fc1 = te_ops.GroupedLinear( |
| 86 | + num_groups, |
| 87 | + hidden_dim, |
| 88 | + 2 * ffn_hidden_dim, |
| 89 | + bias=False, |
| 90 | + device="cuda", |
| 91 | + dtype=dtype, |
| 92 | + single_grouped_weight=single_grouped_weight, |
| 93 | + accumulate_into_main_grad=accumulate_into_main_grad, |
| 94 | + ) |
| 95 | + fc2 = te_ops.GroupedLinear( |
| 96 | + num_groups, |
| 97 | + ffn_hidden_dim, |
| 98 | + hidden_dim, |
| 99 | + bias=False, |
| 100 | + device="cuda", |
| 101 | + dtype=dtype, |
| 102 | + single_grouped_weight=single_grouped_weight, |
| 103 | + accumulate_into_main_grad=accumulate_into_main_grad, |
| 104 | + ) |
| 105 | + return te_ops.Sequential( |
| 106 | + fc1, |
| 107 | + te_ops.ScaledSwiGLU(glu_interleave_size=glu_interleave_size), |
| 108 | + fc2, |
| 109 | + ) |
| 110 | + |
| 111 | + |
| 112 | +def init_main_grads(module: torch.nn.Module, value: float = 0.0) -> None: |
| 113 | + """Initialize Megatron-style main_grad buffers for accumulate_into_main_grad.""" |
| 114 | + with torch.no_grad(): |
| 115 | + for param in module.parameters(): |
| 116 | + if getattr(param, "main_grad", None) is None: |
| 117 | + param.main_grad = torch.empty( |
| 118 | + param.size(), device=param.device, dtype=torch.float32 |
| 119 | + ) |
| 120 | + param.main_grad.fill_(value) |
| 121 | + |
| 122 | + |
| 123 | +def zero_grads(module: torch.nn.Module, x: torch.Tensor, scales: torch.Tensor) -> None: |
| 124 | + """Reset gradients without changing allocated main_grad buffers.""" |
| 125 | + module.zero_grad(set_to_none=True) |
| 126 | + x.grad = None |
| 127 | + scales.grad = None |
| 128 | + |
| 129 | + |
| 130 | +def run_grouped_mlp_steps( |
| 131 | + module: torch.nn.Module, |
| 132 | + x: torch.Tensor, |
| 133 | + split_sizes: torch.Tensor, |
| 134 | + scales: torch.Tensor, |
| 135 | + grad_output: torch.Tensor, |
| 136 | + *, |
| 137 | + recipe: MXFP8BlockScaling, |
| 138 | + fwd_only: bool, |
| 139 | + num_steps: int, |
| 140 | + accumulate_into_main_grad: bool, |
| 141 | +) -> torch.Tensor: |
| 142 | + """Run eager grouped MLP for a number of synthetic microbatches.""" |
| 143 | + quantization_context = te.autocast(enabled=True, recipe=recipe) |
| 144 | + |
| 145 | + if fwd_only: |
| 146 | + with torch.no_grad(), quantization_context: |
| 147 | + for _ in range(num_steps): |
| 148 | + out = module(x, split_sizes, scales, split_sizes) |
| 149 | + return out |
| 150 | + |
| 151 | + zero_grads(module, x, scales) |
| 152 | + if accumulate_into_main_grad: |
| 153 | + init_main_grads(module) |
| 154 | + |
| 155 | + with quantization_context: |
| 156 | + for step in range(num_steps): |
| 157 | + torch.cuda.nvtx.range_push(f"step_{step}") |
| 158 | + out = module(x, split_sizes, scales, split_sizes) |
| 159 | + out.backward(grad_output) |
| 160 | + torch.cuda.nvtx.range_pop() |
| 161 | + return out |
| 162 | + |
| 163 | + |
| 164 | +def benchmark_case( |
| 165 | + *, |
| 166 | + total_tokens: int, |
| 167 | + hidden_dim: int, |
| 168 | + ffn_hidden_dim: int, |
| 169 | + num_groups: int, |
| 170 | + dtype: torch.dtype, |
| 171 | + fwd_only: bool, |
| 172 | + single_grouped_weight: bool, |
| 173 | + accumulate_into_main_grad: bool, |
| 174 | + glu_interleave_size: int, |
| 175 | + num_microbatches: int, |
| 176 | + min_run_time: float, |
| 177 | + profile: bool, |
| 178 | +) -> float: |
| 179 | + """Benchmark one grouped MLP shape.""" |
| 180 | + split_sizes_list = make_uniform_splits(total_tokens, num_groups) |
| 181 | + split_sizes = torch.tensor(split_sizes_list, dtype=torch.int64, device="cuda") |
| 182 | + x = torch.randn( |
| 183 | + (total_tokens, hidden_dim), |
| 184 | + dtype=dtype, |
| 185 | + device="cuda", |
| 186 | + requires_grad=not fwd_only, |
| 187 | + ) |
| 188 | + scales = torch.ones( |
| 189 | + (total_tokens,), |
| 190 | + dtype=dtype, |
| 191 | + device="cuda", |
| 192 | + requires_grad=not fwd_only, |
| 193 | + ) |
| 194 | + grad_output = torch.ones((total_tokens, hidden_dim), dtype=dtype, device="cuda") |
| 195 | + |
| 196 | + module = build_grouped_mlp( |
| 197 | + num_groups=num_groups, |
| 198 | + hidden_dim=hidden_dim, |
| 199 | + ffn_hidden_dim=ffn_hidden_dim, |
| 200 | + dtype=dtype, |
| 201 | + single_grouped_weight=single_grouped_weight, |
| 202 | + accumulate_into_main_grad=accumulate_into_main_grad, |
| 203 | + glu_interleave_size=glu_interleave_size, |
| 204 | + ) |
| 205 | + recipe = MXFP8BlockScaling() |
| 206 | + |
| 207 | + print( |
| 208 | + "case:", |
| 209 | + f"tokens={total_tokens}", |
| 210 | + f"hidden={hidden_dim}", |
| 211 | + f"ffn_hidden={ffn_hidden_dim}", |
| 212 | + f"num_groups={num_groups}", |
| 213 | + f"fwd_only={fwd_only}", |
| 214 | + f"single_grouped_weight={single_grouped_weight}", |
| 215 | + f"accumulate_into_main_grad={accumulate_into_main_grad}", |
| 216 | + f"glu_interleave_size={glu_interleave_size}", |
| 217 | + ) |
| 218 | + print(f"m_splits: {split_sizes_list}") |
| 219 | + |
| 220 | + # Warmup also forces the op-fuser to materialize the expected fused ops. |
| 221 | + run_grouped_mlp_steps( |
| 222 | + module, |
| 223 | + x, |
| 224 | + split_sizes, |
| 225 | + scales, |
| 226 | + grad_output, |
| 227 | + recipe=recipe, |
| 228 | + fwd_only=fwd_only, |
| 229 | + num_steps=128, |
| 230 | + accumulate_into_main_grad=accumulate_into_main_grad, |
| 231 | + ) |
| 232 | + torch.cuda.synchronize() |
| 233 | + |
| 234 | + forward_ops = module._module_groups[0]._forward_ops |
| 235 | + print("forward fused op:", type(forward_ops[0][0]).__name__ if forward_ops else "none") |
| 236 | + if not fwd_only: |
| 237 | + backward_ops = module._module_groups[0]._backward_ops |
| 238 | + print("backward fused op:", type(backward_ops[0][0]).__name__ if backward_ops else "none") |
| 239 | + |
| 240 | + label = "graph_safe_grouped_mlp_mxfp8_swiglu" |
| 241 | + timing_context = ( |
| 242 | + torch.autograd.profiler.emit_nvtx(record_shapes=True) if profile else nullcontext() |
| 243 | + ) |
| 244 | + with timing_context: |
| 245 | + torch.cuda.nvtx.range_push(label) |
| 246 | + timing = benchmark.Timer( |
| 247 | + stmt=( |
| 248 | + "run_grouped_mlp_steps(" |
| 249 | + "module, x, split_sizes, scales, grad_output, " |
| 250 | + "recipe=recipe, fwd_only=fwd_only, num_steps=num_microbatches, " |
| 251 | + "accumulate_into_main_grad=accumulate_into_main_grad)" |
| 252 | + ), |
| 253 | + globals={ |
| 254 | + "run_grouped_mlp_steps": run_grouped_mlp_steps, |
| 255 | + "module": module, |
| 256 | + "x": x, |
| 257 | + "split_sizes": split_sizes, |
| 258 | + "scales": scales, |
| 259 | + "grad_output": grad_output, |
| 260 | + "recipe": recipe, |
| 261 | + "fwd_only": fwd_only, |
| 262 | + "num_microbatches": num_microbatches, |
| 263 | + "accumulate_into_main_grad": accumulate_into_main_grad, |
| 264 | + }, |
| 265 | + num_threads=1, |
| 266 | + ).blocked_autorange(min_run_time=min_run_time) |
| 267 | + torch.cuda.nvtx.range_pop() |
| 268 | + |
| 269 | + print(f"mxfp8_swiglu: {timing}\n") |
| 270 | + return timing.median * 1000 / num_microbatches |
| 271 | + |
| 272 | + |
| 273 | +def main() -> None: |
| 274 | + parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() |
| 275 | + parser.add_argument("--profile", action="store_true", help="Enable NVTX profiling annotations") |
| 276 | + parser.add_argument( |
| 277 | + "--fwd-only", |
| 278 | + action="store_true", |
| 279 | + default=False, |
| 280 | + help="Benchmark forward only. Default benchmarks forward + backward.", |
| 281 | + ) |
| 282 | + parser.add_argument( |
| 283 | + "--num-groups", |
| 284 | + type=str, |
| 285 | + default="8", |
| 286 | + help="Comma-separated local grouped GEMM/expert counts.", |
| 287 | + ) |
| 288 | + parser.add_argument( |
| 289 | + "--token-dims", |
| 290 | + type=str, |
| 291 | + default="65536", |
| 292 | + help="Comma-separated total token counts to benchmark.", |
| 293 | + ) |
| 294 | + parser.add_argument("--hidden-dim", type=int, default=7168) |
| 295 | + parser.add_argument("--ffn-hidden-dim", type=int, default=2048) |
| 296 | + parser.add_argument("--num-microbatches", type=int, default=32) |
| 297 | + parser.add_argument("--min-run-time", type=float, default=10.0) |
| 298 | + parser.add_argument("--glu-interleave-size", type=int, default=32) |
| 299 | + parser.add_argument( |
| 300 | + "--single-grouped-weight", |
| 301 | + action="store_true", |
| 302 | + default=False, |
| 303 | + help="Use one GroupedTensor parameter for each grouped linear.", |
| 304 | + ) |
| 305 | + args = parser.parse_args() |
| 306 | + |
| 307 | + if not MXFP8_AVAILABLE: |
| 308 | + raise RuntimeError(f"MXFP8 is not available: {REASON_FOR_NO_MXFP8}") |
| 309 | + if not torch.cuda.is_available(): |
| 310 | + raise RuntimeError("CUDA is required for this benchmark.") |
| 311 | + |
| 312 | + dtype = torch.bfloat16 |
| 313 | + accumulate_into_main_grad = True |
| 314 | + token_dims = parse_int_list(args.token_dims) |
| 315 | + num_groups_list = parse_int_list(args.num_groups) |
| 316 | + |
| 317 | + print("Environment toggles:") |
| 318 | + for name in ( |
| 319 | + "CUDA_DEVICE_MAX_CONNECTIONS", |
| 320 | + "NVTE_ALLOW_NONDETERMINISTIC_ALGO", |
| 321 | + "NVTE_CUTEDSL_FUSED_GROUPED_MLP", |
| 322 | + "CUDNN_FE_GROUPED_GEMM_DYNAMIC_MNKL", |
| 323 | + ): |
| 324 | + print(f" {name}={os.environ.get(name)}") |
| 325 | + print("Recipe: MXFP8BlockScaling") |
| 326 | + print("Activation: ScaledSwiGLU") |
| 327 | + print(f"Default GLU interleave size: {args.glu_interleave_size}") |
| 328 | + print() |
| 329 | + |
| 330 | + data = [] |
| 331 | + for num_groups in num_groups_list: |
| 332 | + for total_tokens in token_dims: |
| 333 | + timing_ms = benchmark_case( |
| 334 | + total_tokens=total_tokens, |
| 335 | + hidden_dim=args.hidden_dim, |
| 336 | + ffn_hidden_dim=args.ffn_hidden_dim, |
| 337 | + num_groups=num_groups, |
| 338 | + dtype=dtype, |
| 339 | + fwd_only=args.fwd_only, |
| 340 | + single_grouped_weight=args.single_grouped_weight, |
| 341 | + accumulate_into_main_grad=accumulate_into_main_grad, |
| 342 | + glu_interleave_size=args.glu_interleave_size, |
| 343 | + num_microbatches=args.num_microbatches, |
| 344 | + min_run_time=args.min_run_time, |
| 345 | + profile=args.profile, |
| 346 | + ) |
| 347 | + data.append( |
| 348 | + [ |
| 349 | + total_tokens, |
| 350 | + args.hidden_dim, |
| 351 | + args.ffn_hidden_dim, |
| 352 | + num_groups, |
| 353 | + args.glu_interleave_size, |
| 354 | + args.single_grouped_weight, |
| 355 | + accumulate_into_main_grad, |
| 356 | + "fwd" if args.fwd_only else "fwd_bwd", |
| 357 | + timing_ms, |
| 358 | + ] |
| 359 | + ) |
| 360 | + |
| 361 | + timing_col = "time_per_microbatch_ms" |
| 362 | + df = pd.DataFrame( |
| 363 | + data=data, |
| 364 | + columns=[ |
| 365 | + "tokens", |
| 366 | + "hidden_dim", |
| 367 | + "ffn_hidden_dim", |
| 368 | + "num_groups", |
| 369 | + "glu_interleave_size", |
| 370 | + "single_grouped_weight", |
| 371 | + "accumulate_into_main_grad", |
| 372 | + "mode", |
| 373 | + timing_col, |
| 374 | + ], |
| 375 | + ) |
| 376 | + print(df) |
| 377 | + |
| 378 | + |
| 379 | +if __name__ == "__main__": |
| 380 | + main() |
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