diff --git a/CONTRIBUTORS.md b/CONTRIBUTORS.md
index 0805c5cb1..814963c0d 100644
--- a/CONTRIBUTORS.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTORS.md
@@ -33,3 +33,4 @@
 | Adrian-Lock         | Adrian Lock        | Met Office                       | 2026-01-09 |
 | thomasmelvin        | Thomas Melvin      | Met Office                       | 2026-01-15 |
 | tinyendian          | Wolfgang Hayek     | Earth Sciences New Zealand       | 2026-02-02 |
+| DanStoneMO          | Daniel Stone       | Met Office                       | 2026-02-26 |
diff --git a/applications/jedi_lfric_tests/example/configuration.nml b/applications/jedi_lfric_tests/example/configuration.nml
index 58c5fe858..ab6828519 100644
--- a/applications/jedi_lfric_tests/example/configuration.nml
+++ b/applications/jedi_lfric_tests/example/configuration.nml
@@ -228,17 +228,6 @@ n_bl_levels_to_stabilise=15,
 pert_option='file',
 transport_efficiency=.true.,
 /
-&linear_physics
-blevs_m=15,
-e_folding_levs_m=10,
-l_0_m=80.0,
-l_boundary_layer=.true.,
-log_layer=2,
-u_land_m=0.4,
-u_sea_m=0.4,
-z_land_m=0.05,
-z_sea_m=0.0005,
-/
 &logging
 log_to_rank_zero_only=.false.,
 run_log_level='info',
diff --git a/applications/jedi_lfric_tests/example/mesh_C12_MG.nc b/applications/jedi_lfric_tests/example/mesh_C12_MG.nc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ebe518907
Binary files /dev/null and b/applications/jedi_lfric_tests/example/mesh_C12_MG.nc differ
diff --git a/applications/jedi_lfric_tests/example_forecast_pseudo/configuration.nml b/applications/jedi_lfric_tests/example_forecast_pseudo/configuration.nml
index 009ca83aa..f3a627297 100644
--- a/applications/jedi_lfric_tests/example_forecast_pseudo/configuration.nml
+++ b/applications/jedi_lfric_tests/example_forecast_pseudo/configuration.nml
@@ -52,6 +52,9 @@ element_order_h=0,
 element_order_v=0,
 rehabilitate=.true.,
 /
+&formulation
+use_multires_coupling=.false.,
+/
 &io
 file_convention='UGRID',
 /
@@ -68,3 +71,12 @@ scaling_factor=1.0,
 &time
 calendar_type='gregorian',
 /
+&transport
+dep_pt_stencil_extent=3,
+ffsl_inner_order=0,
+ffsl_outer_order=1,
+fv_horizontal_order=2,
+operators='fv',
+panel_edge_high_order=.false.,
+panel_edge_treatment='none',
+/
diff --git a/applications/jedi_lfric_tests/example_forecast_pseudo/iodef.xml b/applications/jedi_lfric_tests/example_forecast_pseudo/iodef.xml
index 313c27826..5aade9f56 100644
--- a/applications/jedi_lfric_tests/example_forecast_pseudo/iodef.xml
+++ b/applications/jedi_lfric_tests/example_forecast_pseudo/iodef.xml
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
         <field id="read_m_v" name="m_v" long_name="vapour_mixing_ratio" unit="kg kg-1" grid_ref="full_level_face_grid" />
         <field id="read_m_cl" name="m_cl" long_name="cloud_liquid_mixing_ratio" unit="kg kg-1" grid_ref="full_level_face_grid" />
         <field id="read_m_r" name="m_r" long_name="rain_mixing_ratio" unit="kg kg-1" grid_ref="full_level_face_grid" />
-        <field id="read_m_s" name="m_s" long_name="cloud_snow_mixing_ratio" unit="kg kg-1" grid_ref="full_level_face_grid" />
+        <field id="read_m_s" name="m_s" long_name="snow_mixing_ratio" unit="kg kg-1" grid_ref="full_level_face_grid" />
       </field_group>
 
       <field_group id="write_fields" freq_op="1ts" enabled=".TRUE." operation="instant" freq_offset="0ts">
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
         <field id="write_m_v" name="m_v" long_name="vapour_mixing_ratio" unit="kg kg-1" grid_ref="full_level_face_grid" />
         <field id="write_m_cl" name="m_cl" long_name="cloud_liquid_mixing_ratio" unit="kg kg-1" grid_ref="full_level_face_grid" />
         <field id="write_m_r" name="m_r" long_name="rain_mixing_ratio" unit="kg kg-1" grid_ref="full_level_face_grid" />
-        <field id="write_m_s" name="m_s" long_name="cloud_snow_mixing_ratio" unit="kg kg-1" grid_ref="full_level_face_grid" />
+        <field id="write_m_s" name="m_s" long_name="snow_mixing_ratio" unit="kg kg-1" grid_ref="full_level_face_grid" />
       </field_group>
 
     </field_definition>
diff --git a/applications/jedi_lfric_tests/example_id_tlm_tests/configuration.nml b/applications/jedi_lfric_tests/example_id_tlm_tests/configuration.nml
index d44020c0f..e1a1eca60 100644
--- a/applications/jedi_lfric_tests/example_id_tlm_tests/configuration.nml
+++ b/applications/jedi_lfric_tests/example_id_tlm_tests/configuration.nml
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ number_of_steps=9,
 time_step='P0DT1H0M0S',
 /
 &jedi_lfric_settings
+adjoint_test_tolerance=1.0e-4,
 forecast_length='P0DT6H0M0S',
 /
 &base_mesh
diff --git a/applications/jedi_lfric_tests/example_id_tlm_tests/iodef.xml b/applications/jedi_lfric_tests/example_id_tlm_tests/iodef.xml
index eaf53286a..4a65814b5 100644
--- a/applications/jedi_lfric_tests/example_id_tlm_tests/iodef.xml
+++ b/applications/jedi_lfric_tests/example_id_tlm_tests/iodef.xml
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
         <field id="read_rho" name="rho" long_name="air_density" standard_name="air_density" unit="kg m-3" grid_ref="half_level_face_grid" />
         <field id="read_exner" name="exner" long_name="exner_pressure" unit="1" grid_ref="half_level_face_grid" />
         <field id="read_u10m" name="u10m" long_name="eastward_wind_at_10m" unit="m s-1" domain_ref="face" />
+        <field id="read_land_fraction" name="land_fraction" long_name="land_area_fraction" unit="1" domain_ref="face" />
         <field id="read_u_in_w3" name="u_in_w3" long_name="eastward_wind_at_cell_centres" standard_name="eastward_wind" unit="ms-1" grid_ref="half_level_face_grid" />
         <field id="read_v_in_w3" name="v_in_w3" long_name="northward_wind_at_cell_centres" standard_name="northward_wind" unit="ms-1" grid_ref="half_level_face_grid" />
         <field id="read_w_in_wth" name="w_in_wth" long_name="upward_air_velocity_at_cell_interfaces" standard_name="upward_air_velocity" unit="m s-1" grid_ref="full_level_face_grid" />
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@
         <field id="write_rho" name="rho" long_name="air_density" standard_name="air_density" unit="kg m-3" grid_ref="half_level_face_grid" />
         <field id="write_exner" name="exner" long_name="exner_pressure" unit="1" grid_ref="half_level_face_grid" />
         <field id="write_u10m" name="u10m" long_name="eastward_wind_at_10m" unit="m s-1" domain_ref="face" />
+        <field id="write_land_fraction" name="land_fraction" long_name="land_area_fraction" unit="1" domain_ref="face" />
         <field id="write_u_in_w3" name="u_in_w3" long_name="eastward_wind_at_cell_centres" standard_name="eastward_wind" unit="ms-1" grid_ref="half_level_face_grid" />
         <field id="write_v_in_w3" name="v_in_w3" long_name="northward_wind_at_cell_centres" standard_name="northward_wind" unit="ms-1" grid_ref="half_level_face_grid" />
         <field id="write_w_in_wth" name="w_in_wth" long_name="upward_air_velocity_at_cell_interfaces" standard_name="upward_air_velocity" unit="m s-1" grid_ref="full_level_face_grid" />
diff --git a/applications/jedi_lfric_tests/example_id_tlm_tests/mesh_C12_MG.nc b/applications/jedi_lfric_tests/example_id_tlm_tests/mesh_C12_MG.nc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ebe518907
Binary files /dev/null and b/applications/jedi_lfric_tests/example_id_tlm_tests/mesh_C12_MG.nc differ
diff --git a/applications/jedi_lfric_tests/example_tlm_forecast_tl/iodef.xml b/applications/jedi_lfric_tests/example_tlm_forecast_tl/iodef.xml
index af380004b..4a65814b5 100644
--- a/applications/jedi_lfric_tests/example_tlm_forecast_tl/iodef.xml
+++ b/applications/jedi_lfric_tests/example_tlm_forecast_tl/iodef.xml
@@ -41,13 +41,14 @@
         <field id="read_rho" name="rho" long_name="air_density" standard_name="air_density" unit="kg m-3" grid_ref="half_level_face_grid" />
         <field id="read_exner" name="exner" long_name="exner_pressure" unit="1" grid_ref="half_level_face_grid" />
         <field id="read_u10m" name="u10m" long_name="eastward_wind_at_10m" unit="m s-1" domain_ref="face" />
+        <field id="read_land_fraction" name="land_fraction" long_name="land_area_fraction" unit="1" domain_ref="face" />
         <field id="read_u_in_w3" name="u_in_w3" long_name="eastward_wind_at_cell_centres" standard_name="eastward_wind" unit="ms-1" grid_ref="half_level_face_grid" />
         <field id="read_v_in_w3" name="v_in_w3" long_name="northward_wind_at_cell_centres" standard_name="northward_wind" unit="ms-1" grid_ref="half_level_face_grid" />
         <field id="read_w_in_wth" name="w_in_wth" long_name="upward_air_velocity_at_cell_interfaces" standard_name="upward_air_velocity" unit="m s-1" grid_ref="full_level_face_grid" />
         <field id="read_m_v" name="m_v" long_name="vapour_mixing_ratio" unit="kg kg-1" grid_ref="full_level_face_grid" />
         <field id="read_m_cl" name="m_cl" long_name="cloud_liquid_mixing_ratio" unit="kg kg-1" grid_ref="full_level_face_grid" />
         <field id="read_m_r" name="m_r" long_name="rain_mixing_ratio" unit="kg kg-1" grid_ref="full_level_face_grid" />
-        <field id="read_m_s" name="m_s" long_name="cloud_snow_mixing_ratio" unit="kg kg-1" grid_ref="full_level_face_grid" />
+        <field id="read_m_s" name="m_s" long_name="snow_mixing_ratio" unit="kg kg-1" grid_ref="full_level_face_grid" />
       </field_group>
 
       <field_group id="write_fields" freq_op="1ts" enabled=".TRUE." operation="instant" freq_offset="0ts">
@@ -55,13 +56,14 @@
         <field id="write_rho" name="rho" long_name="air_density" standard_name="air_density" unit="kg m-3" grid_ref="half_level_face_grid" />
         <field id="write_exner" name="exner" long_name="exner_pressure" unit="1" grid_ref="half_level_face_grid" />
         <field id="write_u10m" name="u10m" long_name="eastward_wind_at_10m" unit="m s-1" domain_ref="face" />
+        <field id="write_land_fraction" name="land_fraction" long_name="land_area_fraction" unit="1" domain_ref="face" />
         <field id="write_u_in_w3" name="u_in_w3" long_name="eastward_wind_at_cell_centres" standard_name="eastward_wind" unit="ms-1" grid_ref="half_level_face_grid" />
         <field id="write_v_in_w3" name="v_in_w3" long_name="northward_wind_at_cell_centres" standard_name="northward_wind" unit="ms-1" grid_ref="half_level_face_grid" />
         <field id="write_w_in_wth" name="w_in_wth" long_name="upward_air_velocity_at_cell_interfaces" standard_name="upward_air_velocity" unit="m s-1" grid_ref="full_level_face_grid" />
         <field id="write_m_v" name="m_v" long_name="vapour_mixing_ratio" unit="kg kg-1" grid_ref="full_level_face_grid" />
         <field id="write_m_cl" name="m_cl" long_name="cloud_liquid_mixing_ratio" unit="kg kg-1" grid_ref="full_level_face_grid" />
         <field id="write_m_r" name="m_r" long_name="rain_mixing_ratio" unit="kg kg-1" grid_ref="full_level_face_grid" />
-        <field id="write_m_s" name="m_s" long_name="cloud_snow_mixing_ratio" unit="kg kg-1" grid_ref="full_level_face_grid" />
+        <field id="write_m_s" name="m_s" long_name="snow_mixing_ratio" unit="kg kg-1" grid_ref="full_level_face_grid" />
       </field_group>
 
       <field_group id="read_inc_fields" freq_op="1ts" enabled=".TRUE." operation="instant" freq_offset="1ts">
@@ -74,7 +76,7 @@
         <field id="read_inc_m_v" name="m_v" long_name="vapour_mixing_ratio" unit="kg kg-1" grid_ref="full_level_face_grid" />
         <field id="read_inc_m_cl" name="m_cl" long_name="cloud_liquid_mixing_ratio" unit="kg kg-1" grid_ref="full_level_face_grid" />
         <field id="read_inc_m_r" name="m_r" long_name="rain_mixing_ratio" unit="kg kg-1" grid_ref="full_level_face_grid" />
-        <field id="read_inc_m_s" name="m_s" long_name="cloud_snow_mixing_ratio" unit="kg kg-1" grid_ref="full_level_face_grid" />
+        <field id="read_inc_m_s" name="m_s" long_name="snow_mixing_ratio" unit="kg kg-1" grid_ref="full_level_face_grid" />
       </field_group>
 
     </field_definition>
@@ -405,7 +407,7 @@
         <field id="read_exner" name="exner" long_name="exner_pressure" unit="1" grid_ref="half_level_face_grid" operation="instant" />
         <field id="read_m_v" name="m_v" long_name="humidity_mixing_ratio"  unit="kg/kg" grid_ref="full_level_face_grid" operation="instant" />
         <field id="read_m_cl" name="m_cl" long_name="cloud_liquid_water_mixing_ratio"  unit="kg/kg" grid_ref="full_level_face_grid" operation="instant" />
-        <field id="read_m_s" name="m_s" long_name="cloud_snow_mixing_ratio"  unit="kg/kg" grid_ref="full_level_face_grid" operation="instant" />
+        <field id="read_m_s" name="m_s" long_name="snow_mixing_ratio"  unit="kg/kg" grid_ref="full_level_face_grid" operation="instant" />
         <field id="read_m_r" name="m_r" long_name="rain_mixing_ratio"  unit="kg/kg" grid_ref="full_level_face_grid" operation="instant" />
       </file>
 
diff --git a/applications/jedi_lfric_tests/example_tlm_forecast_tl/mesh_C12_MG.nc b/applications/jedi_lfric_tests/example_tlm_forecast_tl/mesh_C12_MG.nc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ebe518907
Binary files /dev/null and b/applications/jedi_lfric_tests/example_tlm_forecast_tl/mesh_C12_MG.nc differ
diff --git a/applications/jedi_lfric_tests/example_tlm_tests/iodef.xml b/applications/jedi_lfric_tests/example_tlm_tests/iodef.xml
index eaf53286a..4a65814b5 100644
--- a/applications/jedi_lfric_tests/example_tlm_tests/iodef.xml
+++ b/applications/jedi_lfric_tests/example_tlm_tests/iodef.xml
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
         <field id="read_rho" name="rho" long_name="air_density" standard_name="air_density" unit="kg m-3" grid_ref="half_level_face_grid" />
         <field id="read_exner" name="exner" long_name="exner_pressure" unit="1" grid_ref="half_level_face_grid" />
         <field id="read_u10m" name="u10m" long_name="eastward_wind_at_10m" unit="m s-1" domain_ref="face" />
+        <field id="read_land_fraction" name="land_fraction" long_name="land_area_fraction" unit="1" domain_ref="face" />
         <field id="read_u_in_w3" name="u_in_w3" long_name="eastward_wind_at_cell_centres" standard_name="eastward_wind" unit="ms-1" grid_ref="half_level_face_grid" />
         <field id="read_v_in_w3" name="v_in_w3" long_name="northward_wind_at_cell_centres" standard_name="northward_wind" unit="ms-1" grid_ref="half_level_face_grid" />
         <field id="read_w_in_wth" name="w_in_wth" long_name="upward_air_velocity_at_cell_interfaces" standard_name="upward_air_velocity" unit="m s-1" grid_ref="full_level_face_grid" />
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@
         <field id="write_rho" name="rho" long_name="air_density" standard_name="air_density" unit="kg m-3" grid_ref="half_level_face_grid" />
         <field id="write_exner" name="exner" long_name="exner_pressure" unit="1" grid_ref="half_level_face_grid" />
         <field id="write_u10m" name="u10m" long_name="eastward_wind_at_10m" unit="m s-1" domain_ref="face" />
+        <field id="write_land_fraction" name="land_fraction" long_name="land_area_fraction" unit="1" domain_ref="face" />
         <field id="write_u_in_w3" name="u_in_w3" long_name="eastward_wind_at_cell_centres" standard_name="eastward_wind" unit="ms-1" grid_ref="half_level_face_grid" />
         <field id="write_v_in_w3" name="v_in_w3" long_name="northward_wind_at_cell_centres" standard_name="northward_wind" unit="ms-1" grid_ref="half_level_face_grid" />
         <field id="write_w_in_wth" name="w_in_wth" long_name="upward_air_velocity_at_cell_interfaces" standard_name="upward_air_velocity" unit="m s-1" grid_ref="full_level_face_grid" />
diff --git a/applications/jedi_lfric_tests/example_tlm_tests/mesh_C12_MG.nc b/applications/jedi_lfric_tests/example_tlm_tests/mesh_C12_MG.nc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ebe518907
Binary files /dev/null and b/applications/jedi_lfric_tests/example_tlm_tests/mesh_C12_MG.nc differ