diff --git a/src/adapter/src/catalog/apply.rs b/src/adapter/src/catalog/apply.rs
index 7f0b835c2ab91..0914607cae824 100644
--- a/src/adapter/src/catalog/apply.rs
+++ b/src/adapter/src/catalog/apply.rs
@@ -1885,6 +1885,8 @@ fn sort_updates_inner(updates: Vec<StateUpdate>) -> Vec<StateUpdate> {
         // Partition items into groups s.t. each item in one group has a predefined order with all
         // items in other groups. For example, all sinks are ordered greater than all tables.
         let mut types = Vec::new();
+        // N.B. Functions can depend on system tables, but not user tables.
+        let mut funcs = Vec::new();
         let mut secrets = Vec::new();
         let mut connections = Vec::new();
         let mut sources = Vec::new();
@@ -1896,14 +1898,14 @@ fn sort_updates_inner(updates: Vec<StateUpdate>) -> Vec<StateUpdate> {
         for update in item_updates {
             match update.0.item_type() {
                 CatalogItemType::Type => types.push(update),
+                CatalogItemType::Func => funcs.push(update),
                 CatalogItemType::Secret => secrets.push(update),
                 CatalogItemType::Connection => connections.push(update),
                 CatalogItemType::Source => sources.push(update),
                 CatalogItemType::Table => tables.push(update),
                 CatalogItemType::View
                 | CatalogItemType::MaterializedView
-                | CatalogItemType::Index
-                | CatalogItemType::Func => derived_items.push(update),
+                | CatalogItemType::Index => derived_items.push(update),
                 CatalogItemType::Sink => sinks.push(update),
                 CatalogItemType::ContinualTask => continual_tasks.push(update),
             }
@@ -1912,6 +1914,7 @@ fn sort_updates_inner(updates: Vec<StateUpdate>) -> Vec<StateUpdate> {
         // Within each group, sort by ID.
         for group in [
             &mut types,
+            &mut funcs,
             &mut secrets,
             &mut connections,
             &mut sources,
@@ -1925,6 +1928,7 @@ fn sort_updates_inner(updates: Vec<StateUpdate>) -> Vec<StateUpdate> {
 
         iter::empty()
             .chain(types)
+            .chain(funcs)
             .chain(secrets)
             .chain(connections)
             .chain(sources)
@@ -1945,6 +1949,8 @@ fn sort_updates_inner(updates: Vec<StateUpdate>) -> Vec<StateUpdate> {
         // Partition items into groups s.t. each item in one group has a predefined order with all
         // items in other groups. For example, all sinks are ordered greater than all tables.
         let mut types = Vec::new();
+        // N.B. Functions can depend on system tables, but not user tables.
+        let mut funcs = Vec::new();
         let mut secrets = Vec::new();
         let mut connections = Vec::new();
         let mut sources = Vec::new();
@@ -1956,14 +1962,14 @@ fn sort_updates_inner(updates: Vec<StateUpdate>) -> Vec<StateUpdate> {
         for update in temp_item_updates {
             match update.0.item.typ() {
                 CatalogItemType::Type => types.push(update),
+                CatalogItemType::Func => funcs.push(update),
                 CatalogItemType::Secret => secrets.push(update),
                 CatalogItemType::Connection => connections.push(update),
                 CatalogItemType::Source => sources.push(update),
                 CatalogItemType::Table => tables.push(update),
                 CatalogItemType::View
                 | CatalogItemType::MaterializedView
-                | CatalogItemType::Index
-                | CatalogItemType::Func => derived_items.push(update),
+                | CatalogItemType::Index => derived_items.push(update),
                 CatalogItemType::Sink => sinks.push(update),
                 CatalogItemType::ContinualTask => continual_tasks.push(update),
             }
@@ -1972,6 +1978,7 @@ fn sort_updates_inner(updates: Vec<StateUpdate>) -> Vec<StateUpdate> {
         // Within each group, sort by ID.
         for group in [
             &mut types,
+            &mut funcs,
             &mut secrets,
             &mut connections,
             &mut sources,
@@ -1985,6 +1992,7 @@ fn sort_updates_inner(updates: Vec<StateUpdate>) -> Vec<StateUpdate> {
 
         iter::empty()
             .chain(types)
+            .chain(funcs)
             .chain(secrets)
             .chain(connections)
             .chain(sources)
diff --git a/src/adapter/src/catalog/open.rs b/src/adapter/src/catalog/open.rs
index fd9a014d879b3..bfffb75ed53da 100644
--- a/src/adapter/src/catalog/open.rs
+++ b/src/adapter/src/catalog/open.rs
@@ -518,6 +518,7 @@ impl Catalog {
                 // Include any post-item-updates generated by migrations, and then consolidate
                 // them to ensure diffs are all positive.
                 post_item_updates.extend(migrate_result.post_item_updates);
+                // Push everything to the same timestamp so it consolidates cleanly.
                 if let Some(max_ts) = post_item_updates.iter().map(|(_, ts, _)| ts).max().cloned() {
                     for (_, ts, _) in &mut post_item_updates {
                         *ts = max_ts;