diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 279e7de..b212e56 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -33,20 +33,19 @@
     "module-error": "^1.0.1"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "@types/node": "^20.11.8",
-    "@voxpelli/tsconfig": "^10.0.0",
+    "@types/node": "^22.7.7",
+    "@voxpelli/tsconfig": "^15.0.0",
     "airtap": "^4.0.4",
     "airtap-electron": "^1.0.0",
     "airtap-playwright": "^1.0.1",
-    "electron": "^28.2.0",
-    "hallmark": "^4.0.0",
+    "electron": "^30.5.1",
+    "hallmark": "^5.0.1",
     "nyc": "^15.1.0",
-    "sinon": "^17.0.1",
-    "standard": "^17.1.0",
-    "tap-arc": "^1.2.2",
-    "tape": "^5.7.4",
+    "standard": "^17.1.2",
+    "tap-arc": "^1.3.2",
+    "tape": "^5.9.0",
     "ts-standard": "^12.0.2",
-    "typescript": "^5.3.3"
+    "typescript": "^5.6.3"
   },
   "repository": {
     "type": "git",
diff --git a/test/self.js b/test/self.js
index 553a079..e4396c5 100644
--- a/test/self.js
+++ b/test/self.js
@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
 'use strict'
 
 const test = require('tape')
-const sinon = require('sinon')
 const isBuffer = require('is-buffer')
 const { Buffer } = require('buffer')
 const { AbstractLevel, AbstractChainedBatch } = require('..')
-const { MinimalLevel } = require('./util')
+const { MinimalLevel, createSpy } = require('./util')
 const getRangeOptions = require('../lib/range-options')
 
 const testCommon = require('./common')({
@@ -55,7 +54,7 @@ test('manifest is required', function (t) {
 })
 
 test('test open() extensibility when new', async function (t) {
-  const spy = sinon.spy(async function () {})
+  const spy = createSpy(async function () {})
   const expectedOptions = { createIfMissing: true, errorIfExists: false }
   const Test = implement(AbstractLevel, { _open: spy })
   const test = new Test({ encodings: { utf8: true } })
@@ -81,7 +80,7 @@ test('test open() extensibility when new', async function (t) {
 test('test open() extensibility when open', function (t) {
   t.plan(2)
 
-  const spy = sinon.spy(async function () {})
+  const spy = createSpy(async function () {})
   const Test = implement(AbstractLevel, { _open: spy })
   const test = new Test({ encodings: { utf8: true } })
 
@@ -97,7 +96,7 @@ test('test open() extensibility when open', function (t) {
 test('test opening explicitly gives a chance to capture an error', async function (t) {
   t.plan(3)
 
-  const spy = sinon.spy(async function (options) { throw new Error('_open error') })
+  const spy = createSpy(async function (options) { throw new Error('_open error') })
   const Test = implement(AbstractLevel, { _open: spy })
   const test = new Test({ encodings: { utf8: true } })
 
@@ -111,7 +110,7 @@ test('test opening explicitly gives a chance to capture an error', async functio
 })
 
 test('test constructor options are forwarded to open()', async function (t) {
-  const spy = sinon.spy(async function (options) { })
+  const spy = createSpy(async function (options) { })
   const Test = implement(AbstractLevel, { _open: spy })
   const test = new Test({ encodings: { utf8: true } }, {
     passive: true,
@@ -132,7 +131,7 @@ test('test constructor options are forwarded to open()', async function (t) {
 })
 
 test('test close() extensibility when open', async function (t) {
-  const spy = sinon.spy(async function () {})
+  const spy = createSpy(async function () {})
   const Test = implement(AbstractLevel, { _close: spy })
   const test = new Test({ encodings: { utf8: true } })
 
@@ -145,7 +144,7 @@ test('test close() extensibility when open', async function (t) {
 })
 
 test('test close() extensibility when new', async function (t) {
-  const spy = sinon.spy(async function () {})
+  const spy = createSpy(async function () {})
   const Test = implement(AbstractLevel, { _close: spy })
   const test = new Test({ encodings: { utf8: true } })
 
@@ -288,7 +287,7 @@ test('open() error is combined with resource error', async function (t) {
 })
 
 test('test get() extensibility', async function (t) {
-  const spy = sinon.spy(async function () {})
+  const spy = createSpy(async function () {})
   const expectedOptions = { keyEncoding: 'utf8', valueEncoding: 'utf8' }
   const expectedKey = 'a key'
   const Test = implement(AbstractLevel, { _get: spy })
@@ -314,7 +313,7 @@ test('test get() extensibility', async function (t) {
 })
 
 test('test getMany() extensibility', async function (t) {
-  const spy = sinon.spy(async () => ['x'])
+  const spy = createSpy(async () => ['x'])
   const expectedOptions = { keyEncoding: 'utf8', valueEncoding: 'utf8' }
   const expectedKey = 'a key'
   const Test = implement(AbstractLevel, { _getMany: spy })
@@ -340,7 +339,7 @@ test('test getMany() extensibility', async function (t) {
 })
 
 test('test del() extensibility', async function (t) {
-  const spy = sinon.spy(async function () {})
+  const spy = createSpy(async function () {})
   const expectedOptions = { options: 1, keyEncoding: 'utf8' }
   const expectedKey = 'a key'
   const Test = implement(AbstractLevel, { _del: spy })
@@ -365,7 +364,7 @@ test('test del() extensibility', async function (t) {
 })
 
 test('test put() extensibility', async function (t) {
-  const spy = sinon.spy(async function () {})
+  const spy = createSpy(async function () {})
   const expectedOptions = { options: 1, keyEncoding: 'utf8', valueEncoding: 'utf8' }
   const expectedKey = 'a key'
   const expectedValue = 'a value'
@@ -393,7 +392,7 @@ test('test put() extensibility', async function (t) {
 })
 
 test('batch([]) extensibility', async function (t) {
-  const spy = sinon.spy(async function () {})
+  const spy = createSpy(async function () {})
   const expectedOptions = { options: 1 }
   const expectedArray = [
     { type: 'put', key: '1', value: '1', keyEncoding: 'utf8', valueEncoding: 'utf8' },
@@ -431,7 +430,7 @@ test('batch([]) extensibility', async function (t) {
 test('batch([]) with empty array is a noop', function (t) {
   t.plan(1)
 
-  const spy = sinon.spy()
+  const spy = createSpy()
   const Test = implement(AbstractLevel, { _batch: spy })
   const test = new Test({ encodings: { utf8: true } })
 
@@ -443,7 +442,7 @@ test('batch([]) with empty array is a noop', function (t) {
 })
 
 test('test chained batch() extensibility', async function (t) {
-  const spy = sinon.spy(async function () {})
+  const spy = createSpy(async function () {})
   const expectedOptions = { options: 1 }
   const Test = implement(AbstractLevel, { _batch: spy })
   const test = new Test({ encodings: { utf8: true } })
@@ -473,7 +472,7 @@ test('test chained batch() extensibility', async function (t) {
 test('test chained batch() with no operations is a noop', function (t) {
   t.plan(1)
 
-  const spy = sinon.spy(async function () {})
+  const spy = createSpy(async function () {})
   const Test = implement(AbstractLevel, { _batch: spy })
   const test = new Test({ encodings: { utf8: true } })
 
@@ -485,7 +484,7 @@ test('test chained batch() with no operations is a noop', function (t) {
 })
 
 test('test chained batch() (custom _chainedBatch) extensibility', async function (t) {
-  const spy = sinon.spy()
+  const spy = createSpy()
   const Test = implement(AbstractLevel, { _chainedBatch: spy })
   const test = new Test({ encodings: { utf8: true } })
 
@@ -583,7 +582,7 @@ test('test AbstractChainedBatch#write() extensibility with options', async funct
 test('test AbstractChainedBatch#put() extensibility', function (t) {
   t.plan(8)
 
-  const spy = sinon.spy()
+  const spy = createSpy()
   const expectedKey = 'key'
   const expectedValue = 'value'
   const Test = implement(AbstractChainedBatch, { _put: spy })
@@ -610,7 +609,7 @@ test('test AbstractChainedBatch#put() extensibility', function (t) {
 test('test AbstractChainedBatch#del() extensibility', function (t) {
   t.plan(6)
 
-  const spy = sinon.spy()
+  const spy = createSpy()
   const expectedKey = 'key'
   const Test = implement(AbstractChainedBatch, { _del: spy })
   const db = testCommon.factory()
@@ -634,7 +633,7 @@ test('test AbstractChainedBatch#del() extensibility', function (t) {
 test('test AbstractChainedBatch#clear() extensibility', function (t) {
   t.plan(4)
 
-  const spy = sinon.spy()
+  const spy = createSpy()
   const Test = implement(AbstractChainedBatch, { _clear: spy })
   const db = testCommon.factory()
 
@@ -652,7 +651,7 @@ test('test AbstractChainedBatch#clear() extensibility', function (t) {
 test('test clear() extensibility', async function (t) {
   t.plan((7 * 4) - 3)
 
-  const spy = sinon.spy()
+  const spy = createSpy()
   const Test = implement(AbstractLevel, { _clear: spy })
   const db = new Test({ encodings: { utf8: true } })
 
@@ -685,7 +684,7 @@ test('test clear() extensibility', async function (t) {
 test.skip('test serialization extensibility (batch array is not mutated)', function (t) {
   t.plan(7)
 
-  const spy = sinon.spy()
+  const spy = createSpy()
   const Test = implement(AbstractLevel, {
     _batch: spy,
     _serializeKey: function (key) {
diff --git a/test/util.js b/test/util.js
index 4495a61..c144a53 100644
--- a/test/util.js
+++ b/test/util.js
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 const { AbstractLevel, AbstractChainedBatch } = require('..')
 const { AbstractIterator, AbstractKeyIterator, AbstractValueIterator } = require('..')
+const noop = function () {}
 
 exports.illegalKeys = [
   { name: 'null key', key: null },
@@ -53,6 +54,30 @@ exports.nullishEncoding = {
   }
 }
 
+// Replacement for sinon package (which breaks too often, on features we don't use)
+exports.createSpy = function (fn = noop) {
+  let calls = []
+
+  const spy = function (...args) {
+    const returnValue = fn(...args)
+    calls.push({ thisValue: this, args, returnValue })
+    spy.callCount++
+    return returnValue
+  }
+
+  spy.callCount = 0
+  spy.getCall = function (n) {
+    return calls[n]
+  }
+
+  spy.resetHistory = function () {
+    calls = []
+    spy.callCount = 0
+  }
+
+  return spy
+}
+
 const kEntries = Symbol('entries')
 const kPosition = Symbol('position')
 const kOptions = Symbol('options')