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installing-dependencies.md

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Installing Dependencies
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/user/apt/

Install Packages on Standard Infrastructure

To install Ubuntu packages that are not included in the standard precise, trusty, xenial, or bionic distribution, use apt-get in the before_install step of your .travis.yml:

before_install:
  - sudo apt-get -y install libxml2-dev

{: data-file=".travis.yml"}

By default, apt-get update does not get run automatically. If you want to update apt-get update automatically on every build, there are two ways to do this. The first is by running apt-get update explicitly in the before_install step:

before_install:
  - sudo apt-get update
  - sudo apt-get -y install libxml2-dev

{: data-file=".travis.yml"}

The second way is to use the APT addon:

before_install:
  - sudo apt-get -y install libxml2-dev
addons:
  apt:
    update: true

{: data-file=".travis.yml"}

Do not run apt-get upgrade in your build as it downloads up to 500MB of packages and significantly extends your build time. Additionally, some packages may fail to update, which will lead to a failed build.

Use the -y parameter with apt-get to assume yes to all queries by the apt tools.

Install Packages from a custom APT Repository

For some packages, you may find an existing repository, which isn't yet set up on our build environment by default. You can easily add custom repositories and Launchpad PPAs as part of your build.

For example, to install gcc from the ubuntu-toolchain ppa

before_install:
  - sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
  - sudo apt-get -q update
  - sudo apt-get -y install gcc-4.8

{: data-file=".travis.yml"}

For repositories not hosted on Launchpad, you need to add a GnuPG key as well.

If you're installing packages this way, make sure you download the correct version for your environment.

This example adds the APT repository for Varnish 3.0 for Ubuntu 12.04 to the locally available list of APT sources and then installs the varnish package.

before_script:
  - curl http://repo.varnish-cache.org/debian/GPG-key.txt | sudo apt-key add -
  - echo "deb http://repo.varnish-cache.org/ubuntu/ precise varnish-3.0" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list
  - sudo apt-get -qq update
  - sudo apt-get -y install varnish

{: data-file=".travis.yml"}

Install Packages without an APT Repository

For some projects, there may be a Debian/Ubuntu package available, but no corresponding APT repository. These are still easy to install, but require the extra step of downloading.

If you're installing packages this way, make sure you download the correct version for your environment.

Say your project requires the pngquant tool to compress PNG files, here's how to download and install the .deb file:

before_install:
  - wget http://pngquant.org/pngquant_1.7.1-1_i386.deb
  - sudo dpkg -i pngquant_1.7.1-1_i386.deb

{: data-file=".travis.yml"}

Install Packages with the APT Addon

You can also install packages and sources using the APT addon, without running apt-get commands in your before_install script.

If your requirements go beyond the normal installation, please use another method described above.

Add APT Sources

To add APT sources, you can use one of the following three types of entries:

  1. aliases defined in source safelist
  2. sourceline key-value pairs which will be added to /etc/apt/sources.list
  3. when APT sources require GPG keys, you can specify this with key_url pairs in addition to sourceline.

The following snippet shows these three types of APT sources.

addons:
  apt:
    sources:
    - deadsnakes
    - sourceline: 'ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test'
    - sourceline: 'deb https://packagecloud.io/chef/stable/ubuntu/precise main'
      key_url: 'https://packagecloud.io/gpg.key'

{: data-file=".travis.yml"}

Add APT Packages

List APT packages under the addons.apt.packages key:

addons:
  apt:
    packages:
    - cmake
    - time

{: data-file=".travis.yml"}

Note: When using APT sources and packages together, you need to make sure they are under the same key space in the YAML file. e.g.

addons:
  apt:
    sources:
    - ubuntu-toolchain-r-test
    packages:
    - gcc-4.8
    - g++-4.8

{: data-file=".travis.yml"}

Note: If apt-get install fails, the build is marked an error.

You can also have a look at the Apt section in our Travis CI Build Config Reference.

Install Snap Packages with the Snaps Addon

You can install snap packages using our Xenial or Bionic images:

dist: xenial

or

dist: bionic

{: data-file=".travis.yml"}

The Ubuntu Snap store offers many packages directly maintained by upstream developers, often with newer versions than the ones available in the Apt archive.

You can specify snaps as an array of snap specifications, each of which is of the two possible forms:

  1. The name of the snap, which will be passed on to the snap install without additional flags. For example,

    dist: xenial
addons:
  snaps:
    - hugo

    {: data-file=".travis.yml"}

    This results in:

    $ sudo snap install hugo

  2. The map specifies how the snap should be installed. Possible keys are: name, confinement, and channel. The confinement key will be used to add --classic or --devmode flag, and channel will be passed to --channel flag. For example,

    dist: xenial
addons:
  snaps:
    - name: aws-cli
      confinement: classic # or devmode
      channel: latest/edge # will be passed to --channel flag

    {: data-file:".travis.yml"}

    This results in:

    $ sudo snap install aws-cli --classic --channel=latest/edge

    confinement and channel are optional.

Install Packages on macOS

To install packages that are not included in the default macOS environment use Homebrew.

For convenience, you can use Homebrew addon in your .travis.yml. For example, to install beanstalk:

addons:
  homebrew:
    packages:
    - beanstalk

{: data-file=".travis.yml"}

By default, the Homebrew addon will not run brew update before installing packages. brew update can take a long time and slow down your builds. If you need more up-to-date versions of packages than the snapshot on the build VM has, you can add update: true to the addon configuration:

addons:
  homebrew:
    packages:
    - beanstalk
    update: true

{: data-file=".travis.yml"}

Install Casks

The Homebrew addon also supports installing casks. You can add them to the casks key in the Homebrew addon configuration to install them:

addons:
  homebrew:
    casks:
    - dotnet-sdk

{: data-file=".travis.yml"}

Install From Taps

Homebrew supports installing casks and packages from third-party repositories called taps, and you can use these with the Homebrew addon.

For instance, Homebrew maintains a tap of older versions of certain casks at homebrew/cask-versions. If you wanted to install Java 8 on an image with Java 10 installed, you can add that tap and then install the java8 cask:

osx_image: xcode10
addons:
  homebrew:
    taps: homebrew/cask-versions
    casks: java8

{: data-file=".travis.yml"}

Use Brewfile

Under the hood, the Homebrew addon works by creating a ~/.Brewfile and running brew bundle --global. You can also use the addon to install dependencies from your own Brewfile that is checked into your project. By passing brewfile: true, the addon will look for a Brewfile in the root directory of your project:

addons:
  homebrew:
    brewfile: true

{: data-file=".travis.yml"}

You can also provide a path if your Brewfile is in a different location.

addons:
  homebrew:
    brewfile: Brewfile.travis

{: data-file=".travis.yml"}

Use Homebrew without addon on older macOS images

If you're running the brew command directly in your build scripts, and you're using an older macOS image, you may see a warning such as this:

Homebrew must be run under Ruby 2.3! You're running 2.0.0.

You'll need to update to Ruby 2.3 or newer:

rvm use 2.3 --install --binary
brew update
brew install openssl
rvm use $TRAVIS_RUBY_VERSION # optionally, switch back to the Ruby version you need.

You can also have a look at the Homebrew section in our Travis CI Build Config Reference.

Install Packages on FreeBSD

To install packages that are not included in the default FreeBSD environment use pkg in the before_install step of your .travis.yml:

before_install:
  - su -m root -c 'pkg install -y curl'

{: data-file=".travis.yml"}

For convenience, you can use the pkg addon in your .travis.yml. For example, to install go and curl:

addons: 
 pkg: 
  - go 
  - curl

{: data-file=".travis.yml"}

Install Dependencies on Multiple Operating Systems

If you're testing on both Linux and macOS, you can use both the APT addon and the Homebrew addon together. Each addon will only run on the appropriate platform:

addons:
  apt:
    packages: foo
  homebrew:
    packages: bar

{: data-file=".travis.yml"}

If you're installing packages manually, use the $TRAVIS_OS_NAME variable to install dependencies separately for each OS:

install:
  - if [ $TRAVIS_OS_NAME = linux ]; then sudo apt-get install foo; else brew install bar; fi

{: data-file=".travis.yml"}

Install Projects from Source

Some dependencies can only be installed from a source package. The build may require a more recent version or a tool or library that's not available as a Ubuntu package.

You can easily include the build steps in either your .travis.yml or, and this is the recommended way, by running a script to handle the installation process.

Here's a simple example that installs CasperJS from a binary package:

before_script:
  - wget https://github.com/n1k0/casperjs/archive/1.0.2.tar.gz -O /tmp/casper.tar.gz
  - tar -xvf /tmp/casper.tar.gz
  - export PATH=$PATH:$PWD/casperjs-1.0.2/bin/

{: data-file=".travis.yml"}

Note that when you're updating the $PATH environment variable, that part can't be moved into a shell script, as it will only update the variable for the sub-process that's running the script.

To install something from source, you can follow similar steps. Here's an example to download, compile and install the protobufs library.

install:
  - wget https://protobuf.googlecode.com/files/protobuf-2.4.1.tar.gz
  - tar -xzvf protobuf-2.4.1.tar.gz
  - pushd protobuf-2.4.1 && ./configure --prefix=/usr && make && sudo make install && popd

{: data-file=".travis.yml"}

These three commands can be extracted into a shell script, let's name it install-protobuf.sh:

#!/bin/sh
set -ex
wget https://protobuf.googlecode.com/files/protobuf-2.4.1.tar.gz
tar -xzvf protobuf-2.4.1.tar.gz
cd protobuf-2.4.1 && ./configure --prefix=/usr && make && sudo make install

Once it's added to the repository, you can run it from your .travis.yml:

before_install:
  - ./install-protobuf.sh

{: data-file=".travis.yml"}

Note that the first version uses pushd and popd to ensure that after the install section completes, the working directory is returned to its original value. This is not necessary in the shell script, as it runs in a sub-shell and so does not alter the original working directory.