method

public class methods {
    public static void main(String args[]){
//        // an instance (object) of methods class
        methods me = new methods();
//        // calling non-static method
        me.myMethod1();
//        // calling static method
        myMethod2();

//        call summation method
        summation(5, 4);
        
//        call celsiusToFahrenheit method
        me.celsiusToFahrenheit(45);
        
//        calling power method
        me.power(4, 2);

//        call array findMax method
        int[] numbers = {};
        int maxNumber = findMax(numbers);
        System.out.println("Maximum Number: " + maxNumber);

//        array average method
        int[] myArray_1 = {};
        double average = calculateAverage(myArray_1);
        System.out.println("Average of elements: " + average);

//        search for element in array
        int[] myArray_2 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
        int targetElement = 3;
        boolean contains = containsElement(myArray_2, targetElement);
        System.out.println("Array contains " + targetElement + ": " + contains);

//        calling factorial method
        int result = factorial(5);
        System.out.println("Factorial: " + result);

//        array 2D
        int rows = 3;
        int cols = 4;
//        // Initialize a 2D array
        int[][] myArray_3 = initializeArray(rows, cols);
//        // Print the 2D array
        System.out.println("Original 2D Array:");
        printArray(myArray_3);
//        // Calculate and print the sum of all elements in the 2D array
        int sum = calculateSum(myArray_3);
        System.out.println("\nSum of all elements: " + sum);

    }// TODO: end of main method

    // non-static method
    public void myMethod1(){
        System.out.println("My first method");
    }
    // static method
    public static void myMethod2(){
        System.out.println("My first method");
    }

    public static int summation(int x, int y){
        int sum;
        sum = x + y;
        return sum;
    }

    // TODO: Method to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit
    public double celsiusToFahrenheit(double celsius) {
        return (celsius * 9/5) + 32;
    }

    // TODO: Method to calculate the power of a number
    public double power(double base, int exponent) {
        return Math.pow(base, exponent);
    }

    // TODO: Method to simulate a coin toss (Heads or Tails)
    public String coinToss() {
        return Math.random() < 0.5 ? "Heads" : "Tails";  // 50% chance for Heads or Tails
    }

    // TODO: Method to generate a random integer between two given values (inclusive)
    public int randomIntInRange(int min, int max) {
        return min + (int) (Math.random() * (max - min + 1));  // Random integer in the range [min, max]
    }

    // TODO: Method to find the maximum value in an array
    public static int findMax(int[] array) {
        if (array.length == 0) {
            System.out.println("Array is empty");
        }
        int max = array[0];
        for (int i = 1; i < array.length; i++) {
            if (array[i] > max) {
                max = array[i];
            }
        }
        return max;
    }

    // TODO: Method to calculate the average of elements in a 1D array
    public static double calculateAverage(int[] array) {
        if (array.length == 0) {
            System.out.println("Array is empty");
        }
        int sum = 0;
        for (int value : array) {
            sum += value;
        }
        return (double) sum / array.length;
    }

    // TODO: Method to find the sum of even numbers in an array
    public int sumEvenNumbers(int[] array) {
        int sum = 0;
        for (int num : array) {
            if (num % 2 == 0) {
                sum += num;
            }
        }
        return sum;
    }

    // TODO: Method to check if an element exists in a 1D array
    public static boolean containsElement(int[] array, int target) {
        for (int value : array) {
            if (value == target) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    // TODO: Method to calculate the factorial of a number
    public static int factorial(int n) {
        if (n < 0) {
            System.out.println("Factorial is not defined for negative numbers");
        }
        int result = 1;
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
            result *= i;
        }
        return result;
    }

    // TODO: Method to initialize a 2D array with random values
    public static int[][] initializeArray(int rows, int cols) {
        int[][] array = new int[rows][cols];
        for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
                array[i][j] = (int) (Math.random() * 100);
            }
        }
        return array;
    }

    // TODO: Method to print the contents of a 2D array
    public static void printArray(int[][] array) {
        for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < array[i].length; j++) {
                System.out.print(array[i][j] + " ");
            }
            System.out.println();
        }
    }

    // TODO: Method to calculate the sum of all elements in a 2D array
    public static int calculateSum(int[][] array) {
        int sum = 0;
        for (int[] row : array) {
            for (int value : row) {
                sum += value;
            }
        }
        return sum;
    }
}