Array_1D

import java.util.Scanner;
public class Arrays_1D {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO: Example_1
        double[] prices = new double[5];
        prices[0] = 23.5;
        prices[1] = 33.0;
        System.out.println(prices[0]);
/* ------------------------------------------------------- */
        // TODO: Example_2
        String[] cars = {"BMW", "Mercedes", "Tesla", "Nissan", "Toyota"};
        System.out.println(cars[2]);
        cars[0] = "Ford";// index 0 changed
        System.out.println(cars[0]);
        System.out.println(cars[5]); //index out of range
        for(int i=0;i<cars.length; i++){
            System.out.println(cars[i]);
        }
        //foreach or enhanced for
        for(String x : cars){
            System.out.println(x);
        }

/* ------------------------------------------------------- */
        // TODO: Example_3: sum array elements
        int[] numbers = {11, 22, 35, 41, 55};
        int sum = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < numbers.length; i++) {
            sum += numbers[i];
        }
        System.out.println("Sum of elements: " + sum);

/* ------------------------------------------------------- */
        // TODO: Example_4: Finding the Maximum Element
        int[] nums = {8, 3, 11, 5, 2};
        int max = nums[0];
        for (int i = 1; i < nums.length; i++) {
            if (nums[i] > max) {
                max = nums[i];
            }
        }
        System.out.println("Maximum element: " + max);

/* ------------------------------------------------------- */
        // TODO: Example_5: Checking for Even Numbers
        int[] numbers_1 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
        for (int i = 0; i < numbers_1.length; i++) {
            if (numbers_1[i] % 2 == 0) {
                System.out.println(numbers_1[i] + " is even.");
            }
        }

/* ------------------------------------------------------- */
        // TODO: Example_6: Counting Positive and Negative Numbers
        int[] numbers_2 = {-1, 2, -3, 4, -5};
        int positiveCount = 0;
        int negativeCount = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < numbers_2.length; i++) {
            if (numbers_2[i] > 0) {
                positiveCount++;
            } else if (numbers_2[i] < 0) {
                negativeCount++;
            }
        }
        System.out.println("Positive numbers: " + positiveCount);
        System.out.println("Negative numbers: " + negativeCount);

/* ------------------------------------------------------- */
        // TODO: Example_7: Reversing an Array
        int[] numbers_3 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
        int[] reversed = new int[numbers_3.length];
        for (int i = 0; i < numbers_3.length; i++) {
            reversed[i] = numbers_3[numbers_3.length - 1 - i];
        }
        System.out.print("Reversed array: ");
        for (int i = 0; i < reversed.length; i++) {
            System.out.print(reversed[i] + " ");
        }
        System.out.println();

/* ------------------------------------------------------- */
        // TODO: Example_8: Counting Duplicates
        int[] numbers_4 = {3, 2, 4, 2, 5, 1, 3};
        int duplicateCount = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < numbers_4.length - 1; i++) {
            for (int j = i + 1; j < numbers_4.length; j++) {
                if (numbers_4[i] == numbers_4[j]) {
                    duplicateCount++;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        System.out.println("Number of duplicates: " + duplicateCount);

/* ------------------------------------------------------- */
        // TODO: Example_9: Finding the Average
        int[] numbers_5 = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};
        double average;
        int sum_1 = 0;
        for (int num : numbers_5) {
            sum_1 += num;
        }
        average = (double) sum_1 / numbers_5.length;
        System.out.println("Average: " + average);

/* ------------------------------------------------------- */
        // TODO: Example_10: Finding the Common Elements in Two Arrays
        int[] array1 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
        int[] array2 = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7};
        System.out.print("Common elements: ");
        for (int number1 : array1) {
            for (int number2 : array2) {
                if (number1 == number2) {
                    System.out.print(number1 + " ");
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        System.out.println();

/* ------------------------------------------------------- */
        // TODO: Example_11: Array Rotation (Left Rotation)
        int[] numbers_6 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
        int rotations_1 = 2;
        for (int r = 0; r < rotations_1; r++) {
            int firstElement = numbers_6[0];

            // Shift elements to the left
            for (int i = 0; i < numbers_6.length - 1; i++) {
                numbers_6[i] = numbers_6[i + 1];
            }
            // Place the first element at the end
            numbers_6[numbers_6.length - 1] = firstElement;
        }
        System.out.print("Rotated Array: ");
        for (int num : numbers_6) {
            System.out.print(num + " ");
        }
        System.out.println();

/* ------------------------------------------------------- */
        // TODO: Example_12: Array Rotation (Right Rotation)
        int[] numbers_7 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
        int rotations_2 = 2;
        for (int r = 0; r < rotations_2; r++) {
            int lastElement = numbers_7[numbers_7.length - 1];
            // Shift elements to the right
            for (int i = numbers_7.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {
                numbers_7[i] = numbers_7[i - 1];
            }
            // Place the last element at the beginning
            numbers_7[0] = lastElement;
        }
        System.out.print("Right Rotated Array: ");
        for (int num : numbers_7) {
            System.out.print(num + " ");
        }
        System.out.println();

/* ------------------------------------------------------- */
        // TODO: Example_13: Finding the Difference Between Consecutive Elements
        int[] numbers_8 = {5, 8, 12, 3, 7};
        int[] differences = new int[numbers_8.length - 1];

        for (int i = 0; i < differences.length; i++) {
            differences[i] = numbers_8[i + 1] - numbers_8[i];
        }
        System.out.print("Differences Between Consecutive Elements: ");
        for (int diff : differences) {
            System.out.print(diff + " ");
        }
        System.out.println();

/* ------------------------------------------------------- */
        // TODO: Example_14: copying an array to another one
        int[] sourceArray = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10};
        int[] destinationArray = new int[sourceArray.length];

        for (int i = 0; i < sourceArray.length; i++) {
            destinationArray[i] = sourceArray[i];
        }
        System.out.print("Source Array: ");
        for (int number : sourceArray) {
            System.out.print(number + " ");
        }
        System.out.println();
        System.out.print("Destination Array: ");
        for (int number : destinationArray) {
            System.out.print(number + " ");
        }

/* ------------------------------------------------------- */
        // TODO: Example_15: sort array elements
        int[] array = {7, 2, 5, 1, 8, 3};
        System.out.print("Original Array: ");
        for (int number : array) {
            System.out.print(number + " ");
        }
        System.out.println();
        // Perform simple sorting without using methods
        for (int i = 0; i < array.length - 1; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < array.length - 1 - i; j++) {
                if (array[j] > array[j + 1]) {
                    // Swap array[j] and array[j+1]
                    int temp = array[j];
                    array[j] = array[j + 1];
                    array[j + 1] = temp;
                }
            }
        }
        System.out.print("Sorted Array: ");
        for (int number : array) {
            System.out.print(number + " ");
        }
        System.out.println();

/* ------------------------------------------------------- */
        // TODO: Example_16: differences between two arrays
        int[] array_1 = {5, 8, 12, 6, 10};
        int[] array_2 = {3, 6, 8, 4, 7};
        // Calculate the difference and store in the third array
        int[] differenceArray = new int[array_1.length];
        for (int i = 0; i < array_1.length; i++) {
            differenceArray[i] = array_1[i] - array_2[i];
        }
        // Display the original arrays
        System.out.print("First Array: ");
        for (int number : array_1) {
            System.out.print(number + " ");
        }
        System.out.println();
        System.out.print("Second Array: ");
        for (int number : array_2) {
            System.out.print(number + " ");
        }
        System.out.println();
        // Display the difference array
        System.out.print("Difference Array: ");
        for (int number : differenceArray) {
            System.out.print(number + " ");
        }
        System.out.println();

/* ------------------------------------------------------- */
        // TODO: Example_17: insert new element in specified location
        int[] originalArray = {1, 2, 4, 5, 6};
        int insertIndex = 2;
        int newElement = 3;
        int[] newArray = new int[originalArray.length + 1];
        for (int i = 0; i < insertIndex; i++) {
            newArray[i] = originalArray[i];
        }
        newArray[insertIndex] = newElement;
        for (int i = insertIndex + 1; i < newArray.length; i++) {
            newArray[i] = originalArray[i - 1];
        }
        System.out.print("Array after Insertion: ");
        for (int number : newArray) {
            System.out.print(number + " ");
        }
        System.out.println();
    }
}