problem2

1. First Function
a) I would expect NonConst to run faster, since the compiler does not need to check whether there will be a possiblity of change of i, so we are giving up the safety net in favor of speed
b) I would expect Const to use less memory, since it does not have to make a copy of the original ( a big drawback of pass by value) 

2. Second Fucntion
a) The different thing about strings is that the length of them matters ( byte count) So given that string is smaller than the size of the pointer  memory it has to occupy , it will be faster to use the Const, but if the string is very big it would be faster to use the NonConst
b) The nonConst would use less memory, if the string is very small (maybe one or two bytes) but if the string is very large, then making a copy of it is going to take O(N) so it would not be worth it to use the NonConst, and th better choice will become the Const