Allow introspection and config-override system to use `JsonTypeInfo.Value`

[JooHyukKim]

(Follow up to FasterXML/jackson-annotations#226)

This issue is made to keep history of changes made to achieve (as title).

Motivation (background)

JsonTypeInfo.Value class was introduced in Jackson 3.0 and backported to jackson-annotations in 2.16 by FasterXML/jackson-annotations#229, to allow convenient handling by AnnotationIntrospector and to add overrides via "config-override" system.

Changes

Considering volume of changes, it be split changes into multiple pieces(tasks), as below.

• Backport AnnotationIntrospector.findPolymorphicTypeInfo() from Jackson 3.0 #3945
• Backport TypeResolverBuilder initialization mechanisms from Jackson 3.0 #3949
• Use JsonTypeInfo.Value for annotation handling #3953
  • Original PR Allow introspection and polymorphic type handling to use JsonTypeInfo.Value #3942
• Apply JsonTypeInfo.Value usages from Jackson 3.0 #3953 jackson-dataformat-xml#600
  • Apply matching changes to XML module (jackson-dataformat-xml).
• Add config-override for @JsonTypeInfo.Value #3959

[cowtowncoder]

I think sub-issues resolved; closing.